The correct answer is Gram Panchayat.

Key Points

• The Gram Panchayat is the foundational level of the Panchayati Raj system and operates at the village level.
• It is responsible for local governance and addressing issues within a village or group of villages.
• The Gram Panchayat is elected by the Gram Sabha, which consists of all the eligible voters in the village.
• The head of the Gram Panchayat is known as the Sarpanch, who is elected directly by the villagers.
• Key responsibilities include implementing rural development programs, maintaining village infrastructure, and ensuring the welfare of the residents.

Additional Information

• Panchayati Raj System: It is a three-tier system of governance in India, consisting of Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zila Parishad (district level).
• Gram Sabha: The Gram Sabha is the assembly of all eligible voters in a village, and it serves as the decision-making body that oversees the functioning of the Gram Panchayat.
• 73rd Constitutional Amendment: This amendment, passed in 1992, provided constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions and ensured decentralized governance.
• Functions of Gram Panchayat: These include maintaining water supply, sanitation, roads, and public health; executing development schemes; and resolving disputes at the village level.
• Revenue Sources: Gram Panchayats generate revenue through taxes on property, markets, and local businesses, as well as grants from the state government.

The correct answer is Tianjin, China.

In News

• The 25th SCO Summit was held in Tianjin, China, from August 31 to September 1, 2025.

Key Points

• The 25th SCO Summit took place in Tianjin, China, with discussions focusing on security, global governance, economic cooperation, and sustainable development.
• PM Modi highlighted India’s vision for SCO under three pillars: security, connectivity, and opportunity.
• The summit resulted in the adoption of the Tianjin Declaration, reaffirming commitments to peace, cooperation, and a shared future.
• India reiterated its support for SCO reforms and the need for a multilateral system that represents the Global South's interests.

Additional Information

• Tianjin Declaration
• The Tianjin Declaration emphasized collective efforts in AI, energy, sustainable development, and shaping a shared future for humanity.
• SCO Vision
• PM Modi presented India’s approach to the SCO, focusing on combating terrorism, promoting infrastructure, and fostering innovation and cultural dialogue.
• Chabahar Port and INSTC
• India reaffirmed its support for the Chabahar Port and the International North-South Transport Corridor to enhance connectivity and trade in the region.
• Civilizational Dialogue Forum
• A proposal by PM Modi to establish a forum under SCO to promote cultural exchanges and understanding among member nations.

The correct answer is Gukesh Dommaraju and Divya Deshmukh.

In News

• Indian Grandmasters Gukesh Dommaraju and Divya Deshmukh clinched two gold medals each at the 2025 European Chess Club Cup, showcasing India’s dominance in international chess tournaments.

Key Points

• Gukesh Dommaraju won two gold medals while representing the team Super Chess.
• Divya Deshmukh, the Women’s World Cup winner, also secured two gold medals playing for Cercle d’échecs de Monte-Carlo in the women’s team event.
• India’s Nihal Sarin also claimed an individual gold medal at the same tournament.
• The 2025 European Chess Club Cup saw Indian players excel in both men’s and women’s competitions, strengthening India’s global chess reputation.

Additional Information

• Gukesh Dommaraju
• Indian Grandmaster and winner of the 2024 Candidates Tournament.
• Represented Team Super Chess in the European Chess Club Cup.
• Ranked among the world’s top young chess players.
• Divya Deshmukh
• Indian Grandmaster and Women’s World Cup 2024 champion.
• Played for Cercle d’échecs de Monte-Carlo in the women’s team event.
• One of India’s most promising young female chess players.
• Nihal Sarin
• Indian Grandmaster who won an individual gold medal at the same event.
• Known for his consistent performance in rapid and classical formats.
• European Chess Club Cup
• An annual team tournament organised by the European Chess Union (ECU).
• Features top club teams from across Europe in both open and women’s categories.
• India’s rising stars made a strong mark in the 2025 edition.

The Correct Answer is ​Talisman Sabre.

In News

• India joins bilateral military exercise in Australia.

Key Points

• India has participated for the first time in Exercise Talisman Sabre, Australia’s largest bilateral military drill.
• The exercise was launched in 2005 as a biennial joint military exercise between the United States and Australia.
• In 2025, it involves over 35,000 personnel from 19 countries.
• Participating nations include: United States, Australia, India, Canada, Fiji, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, and the United Kingdom.
• Malaysia and Vietnam are attending as observers.
• The exercise will be held over three weeks, covering joint operations across land, sea, and air domains.
• India’s participation marks a step forward in strengthening Indo-Pacific defence ties and interoperability.

The correct answer is In 2011 A.D.

Key Points

• The Sahitya Akademi awarded the Bal Sahitya Award to renowned writer Ruskin Bond in 2011 for his outstanding contribution to children's literature.
• Ruskin Bond is known for his beautiful stories set in the Himalayan region, and his books have inspired generations of young readers.
• The Bal Sahitya Award is given by the Sahitya Akademi to authors who have made significant contributions to literature for children.

Additional Information

• About Ruskin Bond:
• Ruskin Bond is a British-Indian author of children’s books, short stories, and novels. He is best known for his stories set in the Himalayan region, particularly his works that depict the simplicity, beauty, and charm of life in the hills.
• His writing often reflects his experiences of living in the hill stations of India, his love for nature, and his interactions with the people of the region. Some of his famous works include "The Room on the Roof", "The Blue Umbrella", "The Cherry Tree", and many more.

The correct answer is LignoSat.

In News

• Japan is set to test the world's first wooden satellite named LignoSat.

Key Points

• LignoSat was developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry.
• It will be launched next week on a SpaceX rocket to the International Space Station.
• The satellite aims to test how wood withstands the extreme environment of space for six months.
• Wood can burn harmlessly in the atmosphere, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional satellites.

Additional Information

• LignoSat
• The name comes from the Latin word for wood.
• It is an innovative project that combines sustainability with space exploration.
• Takao Doi
• A former astronaut who advocates for using natural materials in space technology.
• Involved in the development of LignoSat as part of a sustainable future initiative.
• Magnolia tree (Japanese honoki)
• The wood used for LignoSat comes from this type of tree.
• It is known for its strength and resistance to shattering.
• Sustainable materials in space
• The concept aims to minimize pollution and use eco-friendly resources in future space missions.
• Wood's natural properties allow it to serve as a potential building material for habitats on other planets.

The correct answer is None of these.

Key Points

• Pushyabhuti Dynasty (Vardhana Dynasty):-
• The Vardhana dynasty, also known as the Pushyabhuti dynasty, was founded by Pushyabhuti.
• Since Pushyabhuti is not among the given options, the correct answer is 'None of these'.
• Prabhakarvardhana was a prominent king of this dynasty, but he was not the founder.
• Harshavardhana was the most famous ruler of this dynasty.

Additional Information

• Harshavardhana:-
• He also known as Harsha, was a 7th-century Indian emperor who ruled over a vast kingdom in North India.
• He was a member of the Pushyabhuti dynasty and reigned from 606 to 647 CE.
• Banabhatta:-
• He was a Sanskrit poet and writer who lived in the 7th century CE.
• He was the court poet of Harshavardhana, and he wrote two famous works about the emperor: Harshacharita and Kadambari.

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India since May 2014.
• He has been actively involved in promoting sports and physical fitness in the country through various initiatives such as the Khelo India program.
• The National Games are a significant event in India’s sports calendar, and the inauguration by the Prime Minister underscores its importance.
• The 38th National Games held in Dehradun in January 2025 saw participation from athletes across various states, showcasing India's sporting talent.

 Additional Information

• Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Pushkar Singh Dhami is the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand since July 2021.
• He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• His role would likely involve overseeing the arrangements for the National Games in Dehradun but not inaugurating it.
• Anurag Thakur
• Anurag Thakur is the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports in India.
• He has been involved in various initiatives to promote sports and fitness across the country.
• While he plays a crucial role in sports administration, the inauguration of significant events like the National Games is usually done by higher dignitaries.
• Droupadi Murmu
• Droupadi Murmu is an Indian politician who served as the Governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021.
• She is a member of the BJP and has been involved in various social and political activities.
• Her role in the context of the National Games would not typically involve inauguration duties.

Correct Answer: 2025

Key Points

• The PM Surya Ghar scheme mandates that all government buildings in India must achieve 100 percent solarisation by the year 2025.
• This includes buildings under the administrative control of the Centre, state, and Union Territories.
• The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has issued guidelines to ensure the installation of rooftop solar systems across government buildings to meet this target.
• Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) with experience in renewable energy technologies will assist in the deployment of these systems.
• The scheme aims to use available rooftop space for solar installations through either the CAPEX model or the RESCO model, with the goal of achieving technical feasibility and saturation by December 31, 2025.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Hindustani and Carnatic are two forms of classical music.
• Hindustani Music
• Hindustani music has its influence from Arab, Persian, and Afghan regions.
• Hindustani music consists of 6 major ragas.
• It is mostly associated in parts of North India.
• In Hindustani music, instruments and vocals have equal importance in it.
• The major instruments used are tabla, sitar, and sarangi.
• Hindustani music has the scope of making improvisations and variations.
• Carnatic Music
• Carnatic music has an influence on indigenous music.
• It consists of 72 ragas.
• It is mostly associated in parts of South India.
• In Carnatic music, more importance was given to vocals than musical instruments.
• Instruments used in Carnatic music were mandolin, mridangam, and veena.
• Carnatic music doesn't have possibilities of improvisations and variations.
• The Vedas were the oldest music that contained grammar.
• Samved is considered to be Vedas of chants and melodies.
• Saman means song and Veda means knowledge.
• It contains melodies and is believed to be the oldest existing one.
• It consists of 1549 verses of which 75 verses have been adapted from Rig Veda.

Hence, both statements are correct.

The correct answer is Assam

In News

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the largest Jhumoir ensemble in Assam at Sarusajai Stadium, Guwahati, celebrating the 200th anniversary of the tea industry.

Key Points

• Over 8000 dancers and musicians from the tea tribe community participated in the event, titled ‘Jhumoir Binandini 2025’, aiming for a world record.
• Modi emphasized his connection with tea and Jhumoir dance, recalling his past as a tea seller and highlighting Assam’s rich heritage.
• He praised Assam’s BJP-led government and CM Himanta Biswa Sarma for promoting Assam’s culture, citing the 2023 Bihu world record and UNESCO recognition of Charaideu Moidams.
• Modi announced government initiatives for the tea tribe community, including 300 Ayushman Arogya mandirs, 100 model schools, a wage compensation scheme for pregnant tea workers, and 3% job reservations under OBC quota.
• The event was attended by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, and 60 foreign diplomats, who also visited Kaziranga National Park.
• The ensemble was strategically planned before the ‘Advantage Assam 2.0 Investment Summit’ (Feb 25-26) to highlight Assam’s cultural and economic significance.
• The tea industry is crucial to Assam’s economy, employing millions and constituting 20% of the state’s population and 25-35% of its electorate, making it a key factor in elections.

The correct answer is Lucknow.

Key Points

• The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was a revolutionary organization established to fight against British rule in India.
• The Kakori Conspiracy, also known as the Kakori Train Robbery, took place on August 9, 1925.
• The objective was to loot government funds from a train to fund revolutionary activities against the British Raj.
• The train was en route to Lucknow when the robbery occurred.
• This event was a significant milestone in the Indian independence movement, showcasing the determination of revolutionaries.

Additional Information

• Hindustan Republican Association (HRA)
• Founded in 1924 by revolutionaries like Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Ashfaqulla Khan, and Ram Prasad Bismil.
• The main aim was to overthrow the British government in India through armed revolution.
• The HRA was later renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928.
• Key Figures in Kakori Conspiracy
• Ram Prasad Bismil: One of the key leaders and planners of the Kakori train robbery.
• Ashfaqulla Khan: Played a crucial role in the execution of the plan and was later captured and executed.
• Chandrashekhar Azad: Another prominent member who managed to evade arrest and continued revolutionary activities.
• Impact on Indian Freedom Struggle
• The Kakori Conspiracy highlighted the bravery and sacrifice of young revolutionaries.
• It inspired future generations of freedom fighters to continue the struggle against British colonial rule.
• The British government responded with severe repression, leading to the arrest and execution of several revolutionaries.
• Legacy of Kakori Conspiracy
• The event is remembered as a symbol of courage and resistance in India's fight for independence.
• Memorials and commemorations are held to honor the sacrifices of the revolutionaries involved in the Kakori Conspiracy.
• It serves as a reminder of the relentless efforts and sacrifices made by freedom fighters to achieve India's independence.

The Correct Answer is Shirley Botchwey.

In News

• Shirley Botchwey becomes 1st African woman to assume office as Commonwealth Secretary-General.

Key Points

• Shirley Botchwey has been appointed as the 7th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, marking a historic moment as she becomes the first woman from Africa to hold the office.
• Shirley brings 20 years of leadership experience in diplomacy, international relations, governance, and public service.
• She previously served as Ghana’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration from January 2017 to January 2024 and was a member of Ghana’s National Security Council.
• The Commonwealth Secretary-General can serve a maximum of two terms of four years each.
• The role of the Secretary-General includes promoting and protecting the Commonwealth’s values and managing the Commonwealth Secretariat.

The correct answer is - Iltutmish

Key Points

• Iltutmish
• Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and is credited with consolidating the sultanate's power in northern India.
• He introduced a standardized currency system, which included silver coins known as 'tanka' and copper coins called 'jital'.
• These coins were of pure Arabic design, reflecting the influence of Islamic culture in his administration.
• The introduction of these coins helped in stabilizing the economy and promoting trade within the sultanate.

Additional Information

• Qutubuddin Aibak
• He was the founder of the Mamluk Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate and ruled from 1206 to 1210.
• He is known for commissioning the construction of the Qutub Minar in Delhi.
• Balban
• He was the Sultan of Delhi from 1266 to 1287 and was known for his strong centralized administration and military reforms.
• Balban emphasized the divine right of kingship and introduced a rigorous court discipline.
• Aramshah
• He was the son and successor of Qutubuddin Aibak, but his rule was short-lived, and he was soon defeated by Iltutmish.
• Not much is known about his contributions during his brief rule.

The correct answer is Narasimhavarman II.

Key Points

• Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha, was a Pallava king who ruled from 700 to 728 CE.
• He was known for his architectural contributions, notably the Shore Temple at Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram).
• Rajasimha was a patron of art and architecture, leading to the flourishing of Dravidian architecture during his reign.
• He succeeded his father, Paramesvaravarman I, and continued the tradition of temple-building that the Pallava dynasty was renowned for.
• Narasimhavarman II's reign marked a period of cultural and artistic development in South India, particularly in Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information

• Pallava Dynasty:
• The Pallavas were a significant South Indian dynasty that ruled from the 3rd to 9th centuries CE.
• They played a crucial role in the development of South Indian architecture and culture.
• Their capital was Kanchipuram, which became an important center for learning and culture.
• Shore Temple:
• A UNESCO World Heritage site located in Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram).
• Built during the reign of Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha), it is one of the oldest structural stone temples in South India.
• The temple complex is known for its intricate carvings and architectural grandeur.
• Dravidian Architecture:
• A style of architecture that emerged in South India during the Pallava period.
• Characterized by pyramid-shaped towers (Vimanas), pillared halls, and intricate sculptures.
• The Pallavas were pioneers in this architectural style, influencing later South Indian dynasties.
• Mahabalipuram:
• A historic town in Tamil Nadu known for its ancient temples and monuments.
• Developed as a major port city during the Pallava dynasty.
• Famous for the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, which are UNESCO World Heritage sites.

The correct answer is Avanti, Chedi, Vatsa, Magadha, Anga.

Key Points 

• Avanti was one of the most powerful Mahajanapadas in the 6th century B.C.
• The core area of this kingdom would roughly correspond to the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh, extending up to the river Narmada.
• The Chedi territory roughly corresponds to the eastern parts of the modern Bundelkhand.
• It might have stretched up to the Malwa plateau. Sisupala the famous enemy of Krishna, was a Chedi ruler.
• Vatsa with its capital at Kausambi was one of the most powerful principalities of the sixth century B.C.
• Kausambi has been identified with modem Kosam or the river Yamuna near Prayagraj.
• Magadha consisted of the areas around Patna and Gaya in south Bihar.
• It was protected by the rivers Son and Ganga on its north and west.
• Towards the south, it reached up to the Chotanagpur plateau.
• In the east the river Champa separated it from Anga.
• Its capital was called Girivraja or Rajagriha.
• Anga comprised the districts of Bhagalpur and Monghyr in Bihar.
• It may have extended northwards to the river Kosi and included some parts of the district of Purnea.
• It was located to the east of Magadha and west of the Rajamahal hills.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The Correct answer is Girnar.

Key Points

• Girnar is a Copper Plate Inscription of Rudradaman of 150 A.D.
• It is inscribed on a stone -piece which is situated at Girnar hills near Junagadh city of Gujarat state.
• It is written in Sanskrit inscription and Brahmi Script.
• It is the first long inscription of India.
• It was inscribed by Shaka ruler Rudradaman.
• From this inscription, we get a history of Sudarshana Lake. According to this inscription the Sudarshana Lake which existed from the time of Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka, Pushyaputa the provincial governor of Chandragupta Maurya built the Sudarshana lake and Yonraj Tusfak (Iranian), the provincial governor of Ashoka repaired this lake burst in time of Rudradaman.
• Rudradaman repaired this lake from his own pocket and had not imposed any tax on the public.
• This is the first inscription where Laxmi with Vishnu is mentioned.

 

Various Harappan Sites-

Spending on Industries = (60°/360) × 100 

Let 100/360 = X

Spending on Industries = 60X 

Spending on Agriculture = (75°/360) × 100  = 75

More money spent on Agriculture as compared to Industries = (75X - 60X)/60X * 100 = 25%

From the graph,

Profit in the year 2008 = 70 crores

Profit in the year 2009 = 75 crores

∴ Increase in profit = (75 – 70) crores = 5 crores

∴ Percent increase

= (Increase in profit/Profit in 2008) × 100%

= (5/70) × 100%

= 0.0714 × 100%

= 7.14%

= 7% (Approximately).

Given:

Simple interest on a sum for 10 years is equal to 5% of the principle.

Concept used:

SI = (\frac{P \times R \times T}{{100}})

Where, P = Principle, R = Rate, T = Time 

Calculation:

Let the principal be Rs. P

According to the above concept

SI = (\frac{P \times R \times 10}{{100}}) = 5% of P

⇒ (\frac{P \times R \times 10}{{100}}) = (\frac{5P}{{100}})

⇒ R = 0.5%

Now, let in t years the simple interest is equal to the principle

⇒ SI = (\frac{P \times 0.5 \times t}{{100}})

⇒ P = (\frac{P \times t}{{200}})

⇒ t = 200 years

∴ The required time is 200 years.

Shortcut Trick

Convert speed to kmph: 15 × (18/5) = 54 kmph.

Convert time to hours: 3 hours 20 mins = 3 + (1/3) = 10/3 hours.

Distance = 54 × (10/3) = 18 × 10 = 180 km.

∴ The correct answer is 180 km.

Alternate Method

Given: Speed = 15 m/s, Time = 3 hours 20 minutes.

Formula Used: Distance = Speed × Time

⇒ Speed in kmph = 15 × (18/5) = 54 kmph

⇒ Time in hours = 3 + (20/60) = 3 + 1/3 = 10/3 hours

⇒ Distance = 54 × (10/3)

⇒ Distance = 18 × 10 = 180 km

∴ The correct answer is 180 km.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion

To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

Average Speed

When a distance is covered at speed x and the same distance at speed y, Average Speed = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

For two objects moving in the same direction, speed = S₁ − S₂. In opposite directions, speed = S₁ + S₂.

Given:

Sum of two numbers  = 72

Ratio of two numbers = 4 : 5

Calculation:

Let the two numbers be 4x and 5x

According to the question,

4x + 5x = 72

⇒ 9x = 72

⇒ x = 72/9 = 8

Now, If each number is increased by 8.

(4x + 8) : (5x + 8)

⇒ (4 × 8 + 8) : (5 × 8 + 8)

⇒ (32+ 8) : (40 + 8)

⇒ 40 : 48 = 5 : 6

∴ The ratio of the new numbers is 5 : 6.

If 8 numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

The average of these numbers is

⇒ (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8)/8 = 4.5

If next four numbers are added, then,

⇒ (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12)/12 = 6.5

∴ The average is increased by 2

[Note: No matter which consecutive numbers we choose, the increase or decrease in average is same]

Shortcut Trick

Total Average of 9 numbers = 32

Net deviation for overlap = 5 × (22 − 32) + 5 × (38 − 32)

Net deviation = 5 × (−10) + 5 × (6) = −50 + 30 = −20

Fifth number = 32 − 20 = 12

∴ The correct answer is 12.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average of 9 numbers = 32

Average of first 5 numbers = 22

Average of last 5 numbers = 38

Formula Used:

Sum = Average × Number of observations

Fifth number (overlap) = (Sum of first 5 + Sum of last 5) − Total Sum of 9 numbers

Calculations:

⇒ Sum of 9 numbers = 9 × 32 = 288

⇒ Sum of first 5 numbers = 5 × 22 = 110

⇒ Sum of last 5 numbers = 5 × 38 = 190

⇒ Sum of (first 5 + last 5) = 110 + 190 = 300

⇒ Fifth number = 300 − 288 = 12

∴ The correct answer is 12.

Additional Information

Average of Overlapping Terms

When the sum of the subsets (m + n) exceeds the total number of terms (N), the overlapping term is calculated as: Overlap = (Sum_m + Sum_n) − Total Sum.

Average of Missing Terms

If the sum of subsets (m + n) is less than the total terms (N), the missing term is: Missing = Total Sum − (Sum_m + Sum_n).

Arithmetic Mean Formula

The basic formula for average is Sum of all terms ÷ Total number of terms.

Shortcut Trick

For consecutive years, the rate of interest is calculated on the previous year's amount.

Rate % = [(Difference in Amounts) ÷ (Initial Amount)] × 100

Rate % = [(2,977.54 − 2,809) ÷ 2,809] × 100

Rate % = [168.54 ÷ 2,809] × 100 = 6%

∴ The correct answer is 6%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amount after 2 years (A₂) = ₹2,809

Amount after 3 years (A₃) = ₹2,977.54

Formula Used:

In compound interest, A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ. For consecutive years, A_n+1 = A_n(1 + R/100).

Calculations:

⇒ Interest for the 3rd year = A₃ − A₂

⇒ Interest = 2,977.54 − 2,809 = 168.54

⇒ This interest is earned on the principal of ₹2,809 (which is the amount at the end of year 2).

⇒ Rate (R) = (Interest ÷ Principal) × 100

⇒ R = (168.54 ÷ 2,809) × 100

⇒ R = 16854 ÷ 2809

⇒ R = 6%

∴ The correct answer is 6%.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

The amount A after n years is given by A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ, where P is the principal and R is the annual rate.

Successive Percentage Change

Compound interest is essentially a successive percentage increase. For two years, the effective rate is x + y + (xy/100).

Difference between CI and SI

For 2 years, the difference between CI and SI is P(R/100)².

Shortcut Trick

The extra time of 4 seconds (20 − 16) is taken to cover the 60-metre platform.

Speed = Platform Length ÷ Time Difference

Speed = 60 ÷ 4 = 15 m/s

Speed in kmph = 15 × (18/5) = 54 kmph

∴ The correct answer is 54 kmph.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of platform = 60 m

Time to cross platform = 20 sec

Time to cross man = 16 sec

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Calculations:

Let the length of the train be L and speed be V.

When the train crosses a man, it covers its own length:

⇒ V = L ÷ 16 → (1)

When the train crosses the platform, it covers its own length plus platform length:

⇒ V = (L + 60) ÷ 20 → (2)

Equating (1) and (2):

⇒ L ÷ 16 = (L + 60) ÷ 20

⇒ 20L = 16(L + 60)

⇒ 20L = 16L + 960

⇒ 4L = 960

⇒ L = 240 m

Substitute L in equation (1):

⇒ Speed (V) = 240 ÷ 16 = 15 m/s

Converting Speed to kmph:

⇒ Speed = 15 × (18 ÷ 5) = 54 kmph

∴ The correct answer is 54 kmph.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from m/s to kmph, multiply by 18/5. To convert kmph to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

Train Crossing Concepts

When a train crosses a pole/man, distance = train length. When it crosses a bridge/platform, distance = train length + bridge/platform length.

Relative Speed

Same direction: Subtract speeds (S₁ − S₂). Opposite direction: Add speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Given:

Present population of village = 28000

Rate at which population increases = 5%

Time period = 2 years

Formula used:

({P_n} = P{\left( {1 + \frac{R}{{100}}} \right)^n})

Where, P_n = Population after n years

P = Present population

R = Rate of growth of population

n = time period (in years)

Calculations:

Population after 2 years,

( \Rightarrow {P_2} = 28000{\left( {1 + \frac{5}{{100}}} \right)^2})

( \Rightarrow {P_2} = 28000{\left( {\frac{{21}}{{20}}} \right)^2})

( \Rightarrow {P_2} = 28000\left( {\frac{{441}}{{400}}} \right))

⇒ P₂ = 70 × 441

⇒ P₂ = 30870

∴ The population after 2 years will be 30870

Shortcut Trick

A has 55% and B has 45% votes (Difference = 10%).

For a tie, A must give half of the difference (5% of total) to B.

Given: 5% of Total = 10,000 votes.

Total votes = (10,000 ÷ 5) × 100 = 200,000 votes.

∴ The correct answer is 200000 votes.

Alternate Method

Given: A = 55% of total, B = 45% of total.

Formula: Total Votes = 100%.

A: 55% B: 45% 10,000 votes transferred (5% shift) Tie Point = 50%

⇒ Let the total number of votes be T.

⇒ Initial votes for A = 0.55T.

⇒ Initial votes for B = 100% − 55% = 45% = 0.45T.

⇒ According to the condition: 0.55T − 10,000 = 0.45T + 10,000.

⇒ 0.55T − 0.45T = 10,000 + 10,000.

⇒ 0.10T = 20,000.

⇒ T = 20,000 ÷ 0.10 = 200,000.

∴ The correct answer is 200000 votes.

Additional Information

Voting Terminology

Total Votes = Valid Votes + Invalid Votes. Majority is the difference between the winner and the runner-up.

Percentage Transfer Concept

If quantity X gives value 'v' to quantity Y and they become equal, then the original difference is 2 × v.

Successive Percentage

For two successive percentage changes a% and b%, the effective change is [a + b + (a × b)/100]%.

∴ The correct answer is 200000 votes.

Given∶

Ratio of investment = 3 ∶ 1

Profit goes to charity = 4% of total profit

Manmohan's share = Rs. 1080

Formula Used∶ 

Basics of Ratio and Unitary Method.

Calculation∶

Let the total profit be of Rs. 100

Given ratio = 3 ∶ 1

Sum of the ratio = 3 + 1 = 4

After paying to charity, Manmohan's share = (96 × 3/4) = Rs. 72

If share is Rs. 72, then total profit = Rs. 100

If Manmohan's share is Rs.1, then total profit = Rs.100/72

If Manmohan's share is Rs. 1080, then total profit = (100 /72) × 1080 = 1500

∴ The total profit is of Rs. 1500.

The logic followed here is:

Given: # : LNI :: QSN : %

So, checking each option one by one:

Option 1) # = LKD, % = VML → LKD : LNI :: QSN : VML

Option 2) # = GID, % = VXS → GID : LNI :: QSN : VXS

Option 3) # = JDD, % = VNH  → JDD : LNI :: QSN : VNH

Option 4) # = JHD, % = MJP → JHD : LNI :: QSN : MJP

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

Given: Botany : Plants 

Study of Plants is called Botany. 

Similarly,

Geology : Earth 

Study of Earth is called Geology.

Hence, Earth is correct. 

Additional Information

Study of Birds is called Ornithology.

Study of Reptiles is called Herpetology. 

​Study of Animals is called Zoology.

According to the given information,

1. Ritika sits immediate left of Mini.

2. Two persons are sitting between Ritika and Navya. 

3. Navya sits immediate right of Saumya.

Ritika sits immediate right of Neha.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '353' is the correct answer.

Let's check each option,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol:

As per the given data, the blood-relation diagram is:

Here, Ramay's mother is the maternal grandmother of the boy.

Hence, the correct answer is "Maternal grandmother".

Mistake PointsMeans that the wither Ramaya is the female or male.

If we consider the Ramaya is female then the correct answer is option (4).

But we consider Ramaya is the male that means he is the husband of only sister.

Ramaya's mother is the boy's aunt's mother in law.

This relation not given in the option.

So, the correct answer is Option (4).

The logic followed here is:

Similarly;

Hence, the correct answer is "AUBVP".

According to the given information:

1)  Anamika is the 13th from the left side, and Mridula is the 17th from the right side.

=> The number of students in a row = Mridula's position from left + Mridula's position from right - 1.

=> Mridula's position from left = The number of students in a row - Mridula's position from right + 1.

=> Mridula's position from left = 67 - 17 + 1 = 51.

=> Students between Anamika and Mridula = Mridula's position from left - Anamika's position from left - 1.

=> Students between Anamika and Mridula = 51 - 13 - 1 = 37

Hence, the correct answer is "37".

Alternate MethodAccording to the given information:

<br>

1) Anamika is the 13th from the left side.

<br>

<br> <br>

2) Mridula is the 17th from the right side.

<br>

<br> <br>

3) There are 67 students in total.

<br> <br>

12 + Anamika + 37 + mridula + 16 = 67 students

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is "37".

The logic follows here is:

Given three-digit number :

196, 484, 289, 121

Given conditions:

Positions of the first and the second digits within each number are interchanged. 

 

Thus the second-highest number after interchanging the first and the second digits within each number is 484.

Hence, the correct answer is "484".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows-

Conclusion:

I. All apples are nuts. → True (as all apples are bananas and all bananas are nuts)

II. All grapes are nuts. → True (as all grapes are bananas and all bananas are nuts)

III. No nuts are bananas. → False (as all bananas are nuts; some nuts will definitely be bananas)

Hence, only conclusions (I) and (II) follow.

So, first let us consider the total numbers which can be formed from an individual number,

(a) Following numbers can be formed from 729,

792, 297, 279, 972, 927

(b) Following numbers can be formed from 643,

634, 463, 436, 346, 364

(c) Following numbers can be formed from 859,

895, 598, 589, 985, 958

(d) Following numbers can be formed from 567,

576, 675, 657, 765, 756

(e) Following numbers can be formed from 944,

494, 449

Now, we have to see how many numbers are divisible by 4 in the individual group of numbers,

(a) In 729 : 792 and 972 are divisible by 4

(b) In 643 : 436 and 364 are divisible by 4

(c) In 859 : No number is divisible by 4

(d) In 567 : 576 and 756 are divisible by 4

(e) In 944 : 944 divisible by 4

So, the answer is 859, because it does not have any number divisible by 4.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘859’.

The correct answer is Projector.

Key Points

• Projector: A projector is an output device that projects an image from a computer screen onto a larger surface, such as a wall or a whiteboard.
• This allows users to share their work with a larger audience.
• Scanner:  A scanner is an input device. It converts images or text into a digital format.
• This allows users to store and edit their work electronically.
• OCR: An OCR device is an input device that converts text from a scanned image into a digital format.
• This allows users to extract text from documents that are not in a digital format.
• MICR: A MICR device is an input device that reads numbers and letters that are printed in magnetic ink.
• This is used in banking applications to read account numbers and other data on checks.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Secondary storage devices.

Key Points

• CD:
• A compact disc (CD) is a circular disc introduced by James Russell. CDs are used to store data, which can be executed in the future.
• Furthermore, the stored files on the compact disc can be transferred to other computers, through which you can make a backup of all files.
• It is a secondary storage device.
• Hard disks:
• A hard disk is also known as a hard drive or fixed disk. It is said to be rigid magnetic disc that stores data.
• A hard disk is a non-volatile storage device that contains platters and magnetic disks rotating at high speeds. Non-volatile means the data retains when the computer shuts down.
• It is a secondary storage device.

The correct answer is Review.

Key Points

• Design: The design tab helps to apply the theme to the content in MS Word 2007. It helps to format the text automatically. It has other sub-tabs like page colour 
  

<br>

• Page Layout: If the user wishes to change the page setup and orientation then the user needs to click on page layout.
  

<br>

• Review: The review tab in the menu bar of Microsoft Word 2007 provides the facility to proofread, comment, make changes and compare Word documents.
  

<br>

• References: The references tab in the menu bar of Microsoft Word 2007 provides the facility to create a table of content, footnote and so on.
  

Thus the correct answer is Review.

Additional Information

• The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
• Microsoft word is recognised as a word processing software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
• The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes etc.
• It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
• In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
• The file extension used in MS Word is .doc or .docx.

The correct answer is Keylogger

Key Points

• A Keylogger is a software or hardware device that monitors and records the keystrokes made by an unsuspecting user.
• This tool can be used for legitimate purposes like monitoring employee activity or for malicious purposes such as stealing sensitive information.
• Keyloggers can capture everything typed on a keyboard, including passwords, credit card numbers, and personal messages.
• They can be delivered through phishing emails, malicious websites, or as part of a malware package.
• Detecting keyloggers can be challenging, but using anti-malware software and keeping your system updated can help protect against them.

Additional Information

• Rootkit: A rootkit is a collection of software tools that enable unauthorized access to a computer and often hides its existence.
• Spyware: Spyware is software that gathers information about a person or organization without their knowledge and may send such information to another entity without the consumer's consent.
• Adware: Adware is software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material when a user is online.
• To protect against keyloggers and other malicious software, users should regularly update their operating systems and use comprehensive security software.

The answer is Webcam.

Key Points 

• Webcam
• A webcam is a camera that connects to a computer.
• It captures still pictures or motion video.
• With the aid of software, a webcam can transmit its video on the Internet in real-time.

Additional Information

• Input devices:
• A user may send data, information, or control signals to a computer using an input device.
• The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the computer receives data and processes it to generate output.
• Examples: 
• Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Joystick, Microphone, Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR), Optical Character Reader (OCR), TouchPad, Touch screen, Webcam
• Output devices:
• The output device shows the outcome of processing raw data inserted into the computer through an input device.
• There are many output devices that display output in a variety of formats, including text, images, hard copies, audio, and video.
• Examples:
• Headphones, Monitor, Plotter, Printer, Projector, Speakers

The correct answer is To mark keywords or topics for easy searchability.

Key Points

• The primary purpose of hashtags in social media is to mark keywords or topics for easy searchability.
• Hashtags are words or phrases preceded by a hash (#) symbol. When you use a hashtag in a social media post, it makes your post searchable by that hashtag.
• This means that people who are interested in that topic can find your post by searching for the hashtag.
• For example, if you post a photo of your cat with the hashtag #cats, people who are interested in cats can find your photo by searching for that hashtag.

Additional InformationHashtags can also be used to:

• Connect with other people who are interested in the same topics.
• Track trends and topics that are popular on social media.
• Promote your brand or business.

The correct answer is Exabyte.

Key Points

• Exabyte is the largest memory unit among the given options.
• Memory units are used to measure data storage capacity in digital computing.
• 1 Exabyte (EB) = 1,024 Petabytes (PB)
• 1 Petabyte (PB) = 1,024 Terabytes (TB)
• 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1,024 Gigabytes (GB)
• 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1,024 Megabytes (MB)
• Thus, Exabyte is larger than Petabyte, Terabyte, Gigabyte, and Megabyte.
• Memory units are crucial for understanding storage capacity and data management in computing devices.

Additional Information

• Memory units help in quantifying and managing data effectively in various computing applications.
• Memory units play a vital role in computer science, data storage, and information technology.
• Understanding different memory units is essential for tasks like data transfer, storage management, and system performance optimization.
• Storage capacity is a fundamental aspect of computing and digital devices.
• Higher storage capacity allows for more data to be stored and processed, enhancing the functionality of computing systems.

The correct answer is File Explorer.

Key Points

• File Explorer is a file management application that provides a graphical user interface for accessing the file systems. It allows users to open, delete, move, and manage files and folders on their computer.
• File Explorer is an essential part of the Windows operating system, making it easy for users to organize and find their documents, pictures, and other files.

Additional Information

• Start - The Start menu is a user interface element used in Microsoft Windows to provide quick access to programs, settings, and system features. While it can help access files indirectly, it is not specifically designed to manage libraries of documents and pictures.
• Recent files - This option refers to a list of files that have been recently accessed or modified. It is helpful for quick access to recent work but does not provide comprehensive file management capabilities.
• Navigation pane - The Navigation pane is part of the File Explorer interface, showing a list of drives and folders. It helps in navigating the file system but is not a standalone application for managing files.

The correct answer is Ctrl + =.

Key Points

• A subscript is a number, figure, symbol, or indicator that is smaller than the normal line of type and is set slightly below it.
• For ex- Formula of Carbon Dioxide is CO_2.
• The shortcut key to create subscript in MS Word is Ctrl + =.
• A superscript is a number, figure, symbol, or indicator that is smaller than the normal line of type and is set slightly above it.
• For ex- ion of sodium is Na^​+1.
• For superscript, press Ctrl, Shift, and the Plus sign (+) at the same time.

Additional Information 

A software application capable of creating, storing, and printing documents is called a word processor. So the answer is (1).

Key Points

• Word processors are used to create a wide variety of documents, including letters, reports, essays, books, and more.
• They offer a variety of features to help you format your documents, such as fonts, font sizes, colors, and images.
• Word processors also allow you to save your documents electronically so that you can edit them later or print them out.
• Some popular word processors include:
• Microsoft Word
• Google Docs
• LibreOffice Writer
• Apple Pages

The other options are incorrect:

• A browser is a software application that allows you to view web pages on the internet.
• An image editor is a software application that allows you to edit and manipulate images.
• Electronic mail (also known as email) is a system for exchanging electronic messages between two or more people.

The Correct answer is Multi-modal connectivity.

Key Points

• PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan is a transformative initiative by the Government of India aimed at improving infrastructure planning and implementation.
• The focus is on multi-modal connectivity, which integrates various modes of transport—such as roadways, railways, waterways, and airways—to ensure seamless movement of goods and people.
• This plan aims to reduce logistics costs, enhance supply chain efficiency, and boost economic growth.
• It leverages geospatial technology and digital tools to create a unified platform for better coordination among ministries and state governments.
• The initiative also seeks to address issues like delayed infrastructure projects and overlapping efforts by different departments.
• By ensuring synchronized development, the plan contributes to improving the global competitiveness of Indian industries.
• The target sectors include transportation, energy, manufacturing, and urban development.
• The PM Gati Shakti framework aligns with India's vision of becoming a $5 trillion economy by enhancing connectivity and infrastructure development.

 Additional Information

• Rural electrification
• Rural electrification is a critical initiative to provide electricity access to rural households and villages.
• India has implemented programs such as Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana to improve electricity distribution in rural areas.
• While important for development, it is not the focus area of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
• Agricultural subsidies
• Agricultural subsidies are financial aids provided by governments to support farmers and agriculture-related activities.
• These subsidies aim to reduce input costs and enhance productivity in farming.
• However, they are not directly related to multi-modal connectivity, which is the key focus of the PM Gati Shakti initiative.
• Urban development
• Urban development focuses on improving infrastructure, housing, and services within cities and towns.
• Although urban development is a significant area, the PM Gati Shakti plan has a broader scope that includes multi-modal connectivity across both urban and rural areas.

The correct answer is All the above.

• The best examples of milch breeds of buffalo in India are Murrah, Bhadavari, Jaffarabadi

 

Milch breed: It is also known as milk breed. These breeds​ produce high milk yield by females where the males are slow and poor as work animals.

Example: Murrah

Dual-purpose breed: These are used for two main reasons are for milk purposes and also used as work animals in the field.

Examples for Dual-purpose breeds: Nagpuri

Important Points

Buffalo: Scientific Name: Bubalus bubalis

Family: Bovidae

Important breeds:  Murrah, Bhadavari, Jaffarabadi, Nagpuri, etc

The correct answer is 1994.

Key Points

• The Indian telecom sector was liberalized under the National Telecom Policy of 1994.
• The policy introduced private sector participation in providing telecom services, which was earlier monopolized by the government.
• It aimed to increase tele-density and improve the quality of services by allowing private players to operate in the telecom space.
• The 1994 policy laid the groundwork for further liberalization and reforms, including the entry of private companies in the telecom sector.
• This reform was a major step towards modernizing India's telecom infrastructure and ensuring widespread connectivity.

Additional Information

• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): Established in 1997, TRAI is responsible for regulating telecom services, including tariffs and ensuring fair competition.
• Subsequent Policies: The 1999 New Telecom Policy (NTP) further liberalized the sector and introduced revenue-sharing models instead of fixed license fees.
• Telecom Revolution: The liberalization and reforms of the 1990s paved the way for the telecom revolution in India, with rapid growth in mobile phone penetration and internet services.
• FDI in Telecom: The sector has also attracted significant foreign direct investment (FDI), with the government allowing up to 100% FDI in certain areas.
• Impact: Today, India is one of the largest telecom markets globally, with billions of subscribers and a robust digital infrastructure.

The correct answer is 2020.

Key Points

• The Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India Campaign) was launched by the Indian government in May 2020.
• It aimed to make India self-reliant by promoting local manufacturing, supply chains, and innovation.
• The campaign was introduced as a response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The government announced a ₹20 lakh crore economic package (equivalent to 10% of India's GDP) under this initiative.
• The campaign focuses on five pillars: Economy, Infrastructure, System, Vibrant Demography, and Demand.

Additional Information

• Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Package:
• The package was announced in five tranches, focusing on sectors such as MSMEs, agriculture, health, and education.
• Measures included credit guarantees, tax reliefs, and direct benefit transfers to support businesses and individuals.
• Special focus was given to promoting local industries under the "Vocal for Local" initiative.
• Reforms under the Campaign:
• Structural reforms in agriculture, labor laws, and public sector enterprises were introduced.
• FDI limits in defense manufacturing were increased to promote domestic production.
• Focus was laid on enhancing the ease of doing business in India.
• Key Sectors Targeted:
• Healthcare: Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and promoting indigenous production of medical equipment.
• Agriculture: Enhancing supply chain efficiency and improving market access for farmers.
• Technology: Boosting digital infrastructure and promoting startups in tech-driven sectors.
• Impact and Vision:
• The initiative aims to reduce import dependency and position India as a global manufacturing hub.
• It aligns with the vision of a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25.
• The campaign promotes sustainability, innovation, and economic resilience in the long run.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Mission Daksh was launched by the Bihar Education Department.
• Aim: Identify students lagging behind in foundational learning (especially in reading, writing, arithmetic).
• Provide personalised mentoring and remedial classes so that these children can catch up to grade-level competencies.
• Special focus: Classes 3 to 8 in government schools.
• Uses structured assessment and tracking to monitor progress.

The correct answer is Virus.

• Pseudocowpox in cattle is caused by viruses.
• Caused virus: Pseudocowpox virus.
• It is a viral skin disease that occurs in cattle.

Symptoms: 

• Reddish, small, raised sores on the udders and teats of cows.
• These lead to the formation of vesicles, scabs, and nodules on the udder and teats

Important Points

Treatment

• Removal of the scabs
• Application of an astringent disinfectant after removing scabs in severe cases.
• Apply teat ointments have little effect.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• O-SMART stands for "Ocean Services, Modelling, Application, Resources and Technology." Hence, option 4 is correct.
• It is a scheme under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).
• The scheme aims to promote ocean research and development, provide services such as ocean forecasting, and ensure sustainable use of marine resources.
• Key objectives include:
• Development of technologies for exploration of the deep ocean.
• Monitoring ocean parameters for climate and weather forecasting.
• Providing advisories to fishermen.
• Promoting blue economy and marine biodiversity conservation.

The correct answer is Saving and educating the girl child.

Key Points

• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) is a flagship scheme launched by the Government of India in January 2015.
• The primary aim of the scheme is to address the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and promote the survival, protection, and education of the girl child.
• It is a joint initiative by three ministries: Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), and Ministry of Education (MoE).
• The scheme focuses on community-level engagement and awareness campaigns to challenge societal norms and discrimination against girls.
• It also emphasizes ensuring girls' access to quality education and improving their overall status in society.

Additional Information

• Child Sex Ratio (CSR): CSR refers to the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the age group of 0–6 years. As per the 2011 Census, the CSR in India was 919, indicating a declining trend.
• Implementation Strategy: The scheme operates in multi-sectoral districts with poor CSR, focusing on community mobilization, institutional support, and stringent enforcement of laws like the PCPNDT Act (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act).
• Increased Awareness: BBBP has popularized slogans like "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" and campaigns that encourage gender equality and educate parents about the importance of girls' education.
• Key Achievements: The scheme has led to an improvement in CSR in certain districts and increased enrollment of girls in schools, particularly at the secondary level.
• Related Programs: BBBP is synergized with other schemes like Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (a savings scheme for girl children) to provide financial security and encourage education.

The correct answer is 2021.

Key Points

• The Union Government established a separate Ministry of Cooperation in July 2021 to promote and strengthen cooperative-based economic development.
• The ministry was created with the vision of "Sahkar Se Samriddhi" (Prosperity through Cooperation), emphasizing the growth of cooperative societies in India.
• This ministry aims to provide a dedicated administrative, legal, and policy framework for the cooperative sector to enhance its reach and impact.
• The Ministry of Cooperation was initially headed by Amit Shah, who was given the additional charge as the Union Minister of Cooperation.
• It focuses on streamlining processes for the ease of doing business for cooperatives and strengthening the cooperative movement in rural and urban areas alike.

Additional Information

• Cooperative Societies:
• Cooperative societies are voluntary associations of individuals working together for common economic, social, or cultural benefits.
• They operate based on principles of mutual aid, equality, and democratic decision-making.
• Examples include agricultural cooperatives, credit unions, and housing cooperatives.
• Objectives of the Ministry of Cooperation:
• Promote cooperative societies and enhance their operational efficiency in sectors like agriculture, dairy, fisheries, and others.
• Strengthen grassroots-level cooperative societies to empower rural and semi-urban areas economically.
• Encourage digitalization and transparency in the functioning of cooperatives.
• Key Initiatives:
• The ministry supports the development of Multi-State Cooperative Societies and modernizes cooperative laws to align with global best practices.
• It prioritizes sectors like credit, marketing, and value addition to provide better income opportunities to small farmers and artisans.
• Significance:
• The cooperative sector is crucial for the socio-economic development of India, especially in rural areas.
• The Ministry of Cooperation aims to make cooperatives an integral part of India's development journey, ensuring inclusivity and collective prosperity.

The Correct answer is Rs.5 lakh.

Key Points

• Under the Ayushman Bharat Yojana, also known as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), eligible families are provided with health insurance coverage of up to Rs.5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary medical care.
• The scheme aims to reduce the financial burden on poor and vulnerable families for healthcare expenses and improve access to quality health services.
• It covers more than 10 crore families identified based on the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) data.
• The benefits under the scheme can be availed at empaneled public and private hospitals across India.
• There is no restriction on family size, age, or gender, ensuring comprehensive coverage for everyone in the family.
• The scheme includes expenses related to pre-hospitalization, hospitalization, and post-hospitalization care, along with coverage for day-care procedures and diagnostics.
• Ayushman Bharat also focuses on creating a network of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) to provide primary healthcare services.
• The initiative is part of the Government of India’s effort to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

 Additional Information

• Rs.10 lakh
• While Rs.10 lakh insurance coverage is not provided under Ayushman Bharat Yojana, similar high-value health insurance schemes are sometimes offered by private insurers or specific state-run programs for targeted groups.
• Rs.8 lakh
• Rs.8 lakh coverage is not part of Ayushman Bharat Yojana. However, some state governments, such as Andhra Pradesh under Aarogyasri, provide health insurance schemes with varying coverage amounts, which can be compared to PM-JAY.
• Rs.12 lakh
• Rs.12 lakh is not the coverage provided under Ayushman Bharat Yojana. Such higher coverage amounts are more commonly seen in corporate health insurance plans or specialized insurance products.

The correct answer is Docking.

Explanation:

• Removal of Tail in lambs is called as Docking.
• Docking is done to avoid blow fly infestation that result from urine and faeces.
• Docking is done by using Rubber rings, hot iron (blade), and clamp and surgical removal methods.
• Docking by Rubber rings is best for lamb’s upto 7 days old.
• Docking by Hot iron is done if the lamb’s age is 1 and 8 weeks.

The correct answer is Ministry of Finance.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) is a pension scheme launched by the Ministry of Finance to provide social security to senior citizens.
• It was introduced in May 2017 and is specifically designed for citizens aged 60 years and above.
• The scheme guarantees an annual return of 7.40% for FY 2023-24, payable monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly.
• The maximum investment limit is ₹15 lakh per senior citizen, and the policy term is 10 years.
• PMVVY is implemented by the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India, acting as the administrator of the scheme.

Additional Information

• Eligibility Criteria:
• The scheme is exclusively available for Indian citizens aged 60 years and above.
• There is no maximum age limit for enrollment into PMVVY.
• Payout Options:
• Senior citizens can choose payout modes such as monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly pension.
• Pension payments are directly credited to the beneficiary’s bank account.
• Tax Benefits:
• PMVVY does not offer tax exemptions under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act.
• However, the scheme provides financial security with guaranteed returns unaffected by market fluctuations.
• Death and Surrender Benefits:
• In case of the policyholder's death during the policy term, the purchase price is returned to the beneficiary.
• The scheme allows premature exit under exceptional circumstances like critical illness, with 98% of the purchase price refunded.
• Comparison with Atal Pension Yojana:
• While PMVVY is targeted at senior citizens, Atal Pension Yojana (APY) caters to the working-age population for retirement planning.
• APY requires monthly contributions, whereas PMVVY involves a one-time investment.

The correct answer is All the above

Explanation:

 

Additional Information

 

• Purgatives are drugs that cause marked intensification of intestinal activity and result in the expulsion of intestinal content from the colon and rectum.
• The terms aperient and cathartic describe the purgatives based on the intensity of action.
• A laxative or aperient is milder in action, elimination of soft but formed stools.
• Purgatives or cathartic are stronger actions resulting in more fluid evacuation.
• Osmotic, Bulk, Irritant, and Lubricant are different types of purgatives.

The correct answer is Merino.

• Merino sheep breed is characterised by fine wool and account for about 50% of the world’s sheep population.
• Merino wool is used in high-end, performance athletic clothing, and in making baby clothes, shawls and other warm accessories.
• Today, Merinos are still regarded as having some of the finest and softest wool of any sheep.
• It is native of spain.
• Fleece yield is 4 - 5 kg for male and 3 - 4 kg for female.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

• Total Goat Population in the country is 148.88 Million during 2019.
• Total Goat has increased by 10.14% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
• About 27.8% of the total livestock is contributed by goats.
• Rajasthan is having maximum number of goats (20.84 million) followed by West bengal (16.28 million) and Uttar Pradesh (14.48 million).

The correct answer is Ensuring legal identity and social welfare for destitute children.

Key Points

• Project SAATHI is an initiative aimed at providing legal identity and social welfare for destitute children, ensuring their integration into society.
• The project focuses on rehabilitation and protection of children who are homeless, abandoned, or victims of exploitation, aiming to safeguard their rights.
• It works to ensure access to legal documentation, such as birth certificates and Aadhaar cards, for destitute children to help them access government schemes and benefits.
• Project SAATHI collaborates with various government bodies, NGOs, and local authorities to implement social welfare measures effectively.
• The initiative promotes child-centric policies and emphasizes the importance of education, health care, and skill development for destitute children.

Additional Information

• Legal Identity: Legal identity refers to official recognition of an individual's existence, typically through documents such as birth certificates, Aadhaar cards, or other forms of identification.
• Social Welfare Programs: These programs are designed to provide assistance to vulnerable populations, including children, through services such as education, health care, and skill development.
• Child Rights: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) outlines the rights of children, including the right to survival, development, protection, and participation.
• Role of NGOs: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in implementing welfare programs, conducting outreach activities, and advocating for policy changes to support destitute children.
• Skill Development Initiatives: These initiatives aim to equip children with vocational skills and education, enabling them to build a sustainable future and break the cycle of poverty.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The initiative to boost solar rooftop power in Bihar is formally called the Kutir Jyoti Yojana. Under this scheme, the state government will install solar power systems on rooftops—or in nearby public spaces—over the next three years. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Coverage and Funding:
• For extremely poor households, the entire cost of installation will be borne by the government.
• For other eligible families, the government will offer appropriate financial assistance.
• Strategic Context:
• This program complements Bihar’s larger vision to generate around 10,000 MW of solar capacity statewide within three years, while also integrating the free electricity initiative (125 units/month) to benefit approximately 1.67 crore households.

The correct answer is 2014 AD.

Key Points

• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched on 2nd October 2014, commemorating the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
• The mission aims to achieve a clean and hygienic India by eliminating open defecation and improving solid waste management.
• This initiative was launched by the Government of India under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The campaign focuses on behavioral changes and active participation of citizens to ensure cleanliness at the grassroots level.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has two components: Swachh Bharat Gramin (rural) and Swachh Bharat Urban, addressing sanitation in both rural and urban areas.

Additional Information

• Open Defecation-Free Status (ODF):
• The Swachh Bharat Mission aimed to make India Open Defecation-Free (ODF) by October 2, 2019.
• ODF status indicates that no person in the community is defecating in the open and all have access to proper sanitation facilities.
• Solid Waste Management:
• The mission also focuses on scientific methods for solid waste management to ensure cleanliness and reduce pollution.
• It encourages segregation of waste at the source into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories.
• Public Awareness Campaigns:
• The Swachh Bharat Mission heavily invested in awareness campaigns through media, workshops, and rallies.
• These campaigns involve citizens, schools, local bodies, and NGOs to promote hygiene and sanitation.
• Economic Impact:
• Improved sanitation facilities contribute to economic growth by reducing healthcare costs associated with poor hygiene.
• Studies show that better sanitation leads to a significant decline in waterborne diseases.
• Global Recognition:
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has been praised internationally as a leading model for sanitation and hygiene initiatives.
• It aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, which focuses on clean water and sanitation.

The correct answer is Holland

Explanation:

• Holstein-Friesian breed of cow is native to Holland (Netherlands), especially in the provenance of Friesland.
• Holstein-Friesian is the world’s heaviest cattle breed and highest milk-producing breed.
• Holstein-Friesian has black and white markings on the body which makes them easily distinguishable.
• The average production of cows is 6000 to 7000 kgs per lactation.

 

Additional Information

The correct answer is All 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Key Points

• The PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) scheme aims to establish integrated large-scale textile parks to strengthen India’s textile sector.
• The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Textiles under the Government of India.
• It focuses on promoting synergy among textile value chain segments, including spinning, weaving, dyeing, and garment manufacturing.
• The scheme is designed to enhance the global competitiveness of the Indian textile industry by creating world-class infrastructure.
• Under the PM MITRA scheme, seven textile parks will be established across India over a period of five years.

Additional Information

• Scheme Objectives: The PM MITRA scheme seeks to boost employment, attract investments, and drive innovation in the textile sector.
• Funding Mechanism: The scheme provides support for infrastructure development with a budgetary allocation of ₹4,445 crores.
• Greenfield and Brownfield Sites: Both new (greenfield) and existing (brownfield) industrial sites are eligible for development under the scheme.
• Public-Private Partnership: The scheme encourages participation from the private sector to ensure financial and operational sustainability.
• Significance: The initiative aligns with the "Make in India" vision, aiming to establish India as a global textile manufacturing hub.