AFCAT 28 Aug 2021 (Shift 2) Memory Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

A completes a piece of work in 20 days 

B completes the piece of work in 30 days

Concept Used:

Total work = Efficiency × Time 

Efficiency = Work/Time

Calculation:

Let the total work be 60 units 

Efficiency of A = 60/20 = 3 unit per day

Efficiency of B = 60/30 = 2 unit per day 

Combined efficiency of (A + B) = (3 + 2) = 5 unit per day

Total time to complete the work by them = Total work/Total efficiency 

Total time = 60/5 = 12 days

∴ The total required time to complete the work is 12 days.

Given:

Distance between the cities A and B = 1080 km 

Speed of Ram = 60 km/hr 

Speed of Govind = 120 km/hr 

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time 

Calculation:

Let the time when they meet is x hr after Ram leaving the city A

Distance travelled by Ram when they meet = 60 × x = 60x km 

Distance travelled by Govind when they meet = 120 × x = 120x km 

Total distance travelled by them = 60x + 120x = 180x 

Now, According to the question 

180x = 1080

⇒ x = 6 hr

∴ The time they met = 6 AM + 6 hr = 12 PM.

Given,

Anuj’s efficiency is 150% of Vinod efficiency.

Anuj can complete a work in 10 days

Formula:

Total work = Efficiency × Time Taken

Calculation:

Let efficiency of Vinod be 2 units/day

Hence, efficiency of Anuj = 2 × (150/100) = 3 units/day

Now, total work = 3 × 10 = 30 unit

∴ Time taken by Anuj and Vinod to complete the work = 30/(3 + 2) = 30/5 = 6 days

Shortcut Trick

Let the initial salaries of A, B, and C be 200, 300, and 500 respectively to make calculations easy.

New salary of A = 115% of 200 = 230

New salary of B = 110% of 300 = 330

New salary of C = 120% of 500 = 600

New ratio = 230 : 330 : 600 = 23 : 33 : 60

∴ The correct answer is 23 : 33 : 60.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of salaries of A, B, and C = 2 : 3 : 5

Increments allowed = 15%, 10%, and 20% respectively

Formula Used:

New Value = Old Value × (100 + Increase %)/100

A

200 +15% = 230

B

300 +10% = 330

C

500 +20% = 600

New Ratio = 230 : 330 : 600 = 23 : 33 : 60

Calculations:

Let the salaries of A, B, and C be 2x, 3x, and 5x respectively.

⇒ New salary of A = 2x × (100 + 15)/100 = 2x × 115/100 = 2.30x

⇒ New salary of B = 3x × (100 + 10)/100 = 3x × 110/100 = 3.30x

⇒ New salary of C = 5x × (100 + 20)/100 = 5x × 120/100 = 6.00x

⇒ New ratio of their salaries = 2.30x : 3.30x : 6.00x

Multiplying the ratio by 10 to clear the decimals:

⇒ New ratio = 23 : 33 : 60

∴ The correct answer is 23 : 33 : 60.

Additional Information

Ratio & Proportion Basics

Multiplying or dividing each term of a ratio by the exact same non-zero number does not alter the actual ratio structure.

Handling Percentage Increments

To calculate an X% increase quickly, multiply the base value directly by the multiplier factor (100 + X)/100.

Assumption Trick for Ratios

When working with percentage changes on given ratios, always assume the parts as multiples of 100 (e.g., 200, 300, 500) to keep intermediate steps as clean integers and bypass decimal fractions.

Given:

Compound interest = Rs. 500, time = 3 years,

Rate = 10 % per annum.

Formula used:

Compound interest = P[{1 + (r/100)}ⁿ - 1]

Simple interest = (p × r × t)/100

Where P is the principal, n is the time and r is the interest.

Calculation:

We know that, 

Compound interest = P[{1 + (r/100)}n - 1]

⇒ 500 = P[{1 + 10/100}ⁿ - 1]

⇒ 500 = P[(1.1)³ – 1]

⇒ P = 1510.6

Now, consider P = 1510.6, n' = 9, r' = 10/3

Using the formula,  (p × r' × n')/100

SI =[1510.6 × (10/3) × 9] / 100

⇒ SI = Rs. 453.18

∴ Simple interest is Rs 453.18

GIVEN:

A boat takes same time to travel 40 km upstream and 60 km downstream.

Speed of the stream = 15 km/hr

FORMULA USED:

Time = Distance / Speed

CALCULATION:

Let speed of boat in still water be M kmph.

Given,

Speed downstream = M + 15

Speed upstream = M – 15

Then,

⇒ 60/(M + 15) = 40/(M – 15)

⇒ 60M – 900 = 40M + 600

⇒ 20M = 1500

⇒ M = 75

Speed of boat in still water is 75 kmph.

Downstream speed = 75 + 15 = 90 kmph

Time taken = 60/90 = 2/3 hr.

Formula used:

Discount = Marked Price - Selling price

Discount% = [(Marked Price - Selling price)/Marked price]× 100

Calculation:

Discount for one shirt = 100(10/100)  = Rs 10

Discount for 3 pairs of trousers = 3 × 300(20/100) = Rs 180

Total discount = 10 + 180 = Rs 190

Total cost = 100 + 3  × 300 = 1000

For Rs 1000 he gets a discount of Rs 190

Effective discount % = 100 x (190 / 1000) = 19

∴ ∴ Total discount percentage = 19%

Alternate Method

Total cost price of shirts and trousers = 100 × 1 + 300 × 3 = ₹1000

Discunted price for shirt = 100 × 90/100 = ₹90

Discounted price of trousers = 300 × 80/100 = ₹240

Total discounted price of trousers = 3 × 240 = ₹720

Total price paid = 90 + 720 = ₹810

Total discount = 1000 - 810 = 190

∴ Total discount percentage = 190/1000 × 100 = 19

Given:

Total amount = Rs. 12800

Partly at 15% per annum and the remaining at 12% per annum simple

interest.

Interest at end of 3 years is Rs. 5,085

Formula used:

SI = (P × T × R)/100

Where P = principal , T = time and R = rate of interest. 

Calculation:

Let Rs. y invested at 15% per annum.

Money invested at 12% per annum = Rs. (12,800 - y)

Simple interest in 3 years = Rs. 5,085

Simple interest in 1 years = 5,085/3 = Rs. 1,695

Using the formula, 

SI = (P × T × R)/100,  for 1 year

⇒ y × 15/100 + (12,800 - y) × 12/100 = 1695

⇒ 15y + 12800 × 12 - 12y = 1695 × 100

⇒ 3y = 169500 - 153600 = 15900

⇒ y = 15900/3 = Rs. 5300

∴ Money was invested at 15% per annum is Rs. 5300.

Given:

A has thrice as much amount as that of B.

B has 40% more amount than C.

The average amount of all three of them is Rs. 1320.

Concept used:

Average = (sum of all observations)/(total number of observations)

Calculation:

Let the amount with C be Rs. a

Amount with B = a + 40% of a = 1.4a

Amount with A = 3 × 1.4a = 4.2a

By using the above concept, 

Average = (4.2a + 1.4a + a)/3

⇒ 1320 = 6.6a/3         (∵ average = 1320 given)

⇒ a = 600

⇒ A =  Amount with A = 4.2 × 600 = Rs. 2520

∴  The ammount of A is Rs. 2520. 

Alternate MethodCalculation:

According to the question:

A : B = (3 : 1) × 7 = 21 : 7

B : C = (7 : 5)

So, A : B : C = 21 : 7 : 5

Now, (21 + 7 + 5)/3 = Average of (A, B and C)

33 units = 1320 × 3

1 unit = Rs.120

Amount of A = 21 × 120 = Rs.2520

∴ The correct answer is Rs.2520.

Let the cost price of bag 1 be ‘x’ and the cost price of bag 2 be ‘y’.

Now, we have,

x + 25x/100 = 2500

⇒ 5x/4 = 2500 

⇒ x = Rs. 2000                            

y – 20y/100 = 2500

⇒ 4y/5 = 2500

⇒ y = Rs. 3125

⇒ Total CP = x + y = 2000 + 3125 = 5125

Total SP = 2500 + 2500 = Rs. 5000

∴ Loss percentage = (5125 – 5000)/5125 × 100 = 2.43%

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Let amount 7x is taken from alloy A and 4x is taken from alloy B.

Hence, quantity of zinc taken from alloy A = 5/9 × 7x = 35x/9

Similarly, quantity of zinc taken from alloy B = 2/9 × 4x = 8x/9

Total quantity of zinc = 35x/9 + 8x/9 = 43x/9

Total quantity of mixture = 7x + 4x = 11x

∴ Required percentage = [(43x/9)/11x] × 100 = 43.43%

Alternate solution

Ratio of copper and zinc in alloy A = 4 : 5     --- (1) (4 + 5 = 9) × 7

Ratio of copper and zinc in alloy B = 7 : 2     --- (2) (7 + 2 = 9) × 4

Ratio of copper and zince in new alloy = (28 + 28) : (35 + 8) = 56 : 43

Percentage of zinc = 43/99 × 100 = 43.43%

Short Trick:

Cost price of the article = (2076 + 1524)/2 = Rs. 1800

Selling price of the article after  = (1800 + 1800/3) = Rs. 2400

Detailed Solution:

Let cost price of the article be x.

Profit earned when article is sold at Rs. 2076 = 2076 - x

Loss incurred when article is sold at Rs. 1524 = x - 1524

According to the question,

(2076 - x/x) × 100 = (x - 1524/x) × 100

2x = 2076 + 1524

x = Rs. 1800

Profit = (1/3) of 1800 = 1800/3 = Rs. 600

Selling price of the article after $33\frac{1}{3}\%$ = 1800 + 600 = Rs. 2400

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1- Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and the BODMAS rule must be followed in the bracket-

\(\eqalign{ & \Rightarrow \left{ {\left( {\frac{1}{2} \times 8\frac{9}{{11}}} \right) + 6\frac{5}{{22}}} \right} \times 2 + 1\frac{5}{{11}} = ? \cr & \Rightarrow {\text{}}\left{ {\left( {\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{{97}}{{11}}} \right) + \frac{{137}}{{22}}} \right} \times 2 + \frac{{16}}{{11}} = ? \cr & \Rightarrow {\text{}}\left{ {\frac{{97 + 137}}{{22}}} \right} \times 2 + \frac{{16}}{{11}} = ? \cr & \Rightarrow {\text{}}\left{ {\frac{{97 + 137}}{{22}}} \right} \times 2 + \frac{{16}}{{11}} = ? \cr}\)

Step-2-Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

\(\Rightarrow {\text{}}\left{ {\frac{{234}}{{22}}} \right} \times 2 + \frac{{16}}{{11}} = ?\)

Step-3-Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

\(\eqalign{ & \Rightarrow {\text{}}\left{ {\frac{{234}}{{11}}} \right} + \frac{{16}}{{11}} = ? \cr & \Rightarrow {\text{}}\left{ {\frac{{234 + 16}}{{11}}} \right} = ? \cr & \Rightarrow {\text{}}? = 22\frac{8}{{11}} \cr}\)

Given:

(420 ÷ 12 × 35 + 452 - 152) = ?2

Concept used:

Use BODMAS

Calculation:

(420 ÷ 12 × 35 + 452 - 152) = ?2

⇒ (35 × 35 + 452  - 152) = ?2

⇒ (35² + 452 - 152) = ?2

⇒ [35² + (45 - 15)(45 + 15)] = ?²

⇒ 1225 + 30 × 60 = ?²

⇒ 3025 = ?²

⇒ 55 = ?

∴ Value of question mark '?' is 55.

Given:

A got 60% total number of casted votes and won the election.

B got 30% of the remaining casted votes and

Other 70% votes of remaining are of NOTA

Calculation:

Let the total number of eligible voters in the city be N.

⇒ N = 40000 × 100/20 = 200000

Total number of voters who cast their votes = 200000 × 80/100 = 160000

A got number of votes = 160000 × (60/100) = 96000

Remaining votes = 160000 - 96000 = 64000

Number of votes B got = 64000 × (30/100) = 19200

NOTA votes = 64000 × (70/100) = 44800

∴ Required difference = 44800 - 19200 = 25600

Given:

The swimming speed in still water is 6 km/hr

He swims upstream for 20 minutes

He swims downstream for 15 minutes

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time 

Speed in downstream = a + b 

Speed in upstream = a - b

Where, a = speed of swimmer 

b = Speed of water stream

Calculation:

Suppose the speed of current = x km/hr

Speed of swimmer in upstream = (6 - x)

Speed of swimmer in downstream = (6 + x)

Now, According to the question

Distance covered upstream in 25 minutes = Distance covered downstream in 15 minutes

(6 – x) × (25/60) = (6 + x) × (15/60)

⇒ 150 - 25x = 90 + 15x

⇒ 40x = 60

⇒ x = 60/40 = 1.5

∴ Speed of current = 1.5 km/hr

Given:

Total question in exam = 60

Marks obtained = 130

For each correct question score 4 marks and for every wrong answer loss 1 marks

Calculation:

Let the number of correct answer be x

So, the number of wrong answer = (60 - x)

According to the question

Postive marks - negative marks = Obtained Marks 

4x - (60 - x) × 1 = 130

⇒ 4x - 60 + x = 130

⇒ 5x = 190

⇒ x = 38

∴ The number of question he answered correctly is 38.

Given:

The average weight of 103 notebooks in a box is 10.3 kg. 

When a new notebook is added to the box, the average weight goes

up to 10.4 kg. 

Formula used:

Average = (Sum of observation)/(Total number of observations)

Calculation:

Let S be the sum of the weight of notebooks and N is the weight of

new notebook.

By using the above formula,

S/103 = 10.3

⇒ S = 103 × 10.3 =1060.9     ----(1)

When new notebook is added,

⇒ (S + N)/104 = 10.4

⇒ S + N = 1081.6

⇒ N = 1081.6 - 1060.9     {from equation (1)}

⇒ N = 20.7

∴ Weight of the new notebook is 20.7 kg.

The correct answer is 'Hindered.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of Hampered:
• Hampered: hindered or impeded the movement or progress of. (बाधा डालना।)
• Example: Their work is hampered by a lack of funds.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Hindered: made it difficult for (someone) to do something or for (something) to happen. ((किसी के लिए) कुछ करना या (कुछ) होने के लिए इसे मुश्किल बना देना।)
• Controlled: determined the behaviour or supervise the running of. (व्यवहार को निर्धारित करना या चलाने की निगरानी करना।)
• Aided: helped or supported (someone or something) in the achievement of something. (किसी चीज की उपलब्धि में मदद या समर्थन (किसी को या कुछ)करना।)
• Helped: made it easier or possible for (someone) to do something by offering one's services or resources. (मदद करना।)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word 'Hindered' is similar in meaning to the word 'Hampered​.'
• Hence, the correct answer is 'Hindered.'

<br>

Additional Information

Let us see the synonym of the given options:

The correct answer is- 'Momentary'

Key Points 

• The meaning of the given words is:
• Transient: lasting only for a short time; impermanent (केवल थोड़े समय के लिए स्थायी; अनस्थिर)
• Momentary: lasting only for a short time (केवल थोड़े समय के लिए स्थायी)
• Mediocre: of only average quality; not very good. (केवल औसत गुणवत्ता का; बहुत अच्छा नहीं।)
• Morbid: characterized by an abnormal and unhealthy interest in disturbing and unpleasant subjects, especially death and disease (परेशान और अप्रिय विषयों, विशेष रूप से मृत्यु और बीमारी में असामान्य और अस्वस्थ रुचि की विशेषता है)
• Jargon: special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand (किसी पेशे या समूह द्वारा उपयोग किए जाने वाले विशेष शब्द या भाव जो दूसरों के लिए समझना मुश्किल है)

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

'The correct answer is- 'Concise.'

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of the given word:
• Laconic is an adjective and it means using very few words to express what you mean. (आप जो कहना चाहते हैं उसे व्यक्त करने के लिए बहुत कम शब्दों का उपयोग करना।)
• Example: She gave a laconic reply.
• By the meaning and example, we can say that 'Concise' is a similar word for 'Laconic.'

Laconic means brief, compact, concise. And options 2,3 and 4 mean talkative, so option 1 is the right answer.

Additional Information

• Antonyms of the given word Laconic are:
• Wordy, Verbose, Chatty
• Let's understand the meaning of the given options:
• Concise: Expressing much in few words (कम शब्दों में बहुत कुछ व्यक्त करना)
• Talkative: Talk a lot (बहुत बात करना)
• Verbose: Using or containing too many words (बहुत अधिक शब्दों का प्रयोग करना)
• Chatty: Like to talk a lot in a friendly, informal way (मैत्रीपूर्ण, अनौपचारिक तरीके से बहुत सारी बातें करना पसंद करना)

The correct answer is- 'Meek.'

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of the given word:
• Intrepid means fearless and adventurous. Meek means quiet and easily scared. (Intrepid का अर्थ है निडर और साहसी। Meek का अर्थ है शांत और आसानी से डरा हुआ)
• Example: Three intrepid explorers head out into the unknown.
• By the meaning and example, we can say that 'Meek' is the opposite word for 'Intrepid.'
• Hence option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Synonyms of the given word Intrepid are:
• Courageous, Heroic, Fearless
• Let's understand the meaning of the given options:
• Greed: Excessive desire to acquire or possess more (अधिक प्राप्त करने या रखने की अत्यधिक इच्छा)
• Kind: Generous, helpful, and thinking about other people's feelings (उदार, मददगार और अन्य लोगों की भावनाओं के बारे में सोचने वाला)
• Sigh: Breath deeply and heavily (गहरी और भार��� सांस लेंना)

The correct answer is- 'Ignore.'

Key Points

• Let's understand the meaning of the given word:
• Mull is a verb and it means to think carefully about something for a long time*.* (किसी चीज के बारे में लंबे समय तक ध्यान से सोचना।)
• Example: I need a few days to mull things over before I decide if I'm taking the job.
• By the meaning and example, we can say that 'Ignore' is the opposite word for 'Mull.'

Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Synonyms of the given word Mull are:
• Deliberate, Ponder, Contemplate
• Let's understand the meaning of the given options:
• Ignore: Refuse to acknowledge (स्वीकार करने से इनकार करना)
• Consider: Give careful consideration to (ध्यान से विचार करना)
• Delay: Slow the growth or development of something (किसी चीज की वृद्धि या विकास को धीमा करना)
• Deliberate: Carefully thought out in advance (पहले से सावधानी से सोचा गया)

The correct answer is- 'ready to obey someone.'

Key Points

• The meaning of the given idiom is:
• At one's beck and call means always ready to do whatever someone asks. (किसी के कहने पर और कॉल करने का मतलब है कि कोई भी जो कुछ भी पूछता है उसे करने के लिए हमेशा तैयार रहें।)
• Example: He expects his employees to be at his beck and call day and night.
• By the above meaning and example, we can say that 'ready to obey someone' is the correct answer.

Hence option 1 is the appropriate answer.

Additional Information

• Let's learn about the origin of the given idiom:
• The origin of this can be traced to the 18th century. The obsolete noun 'beck' meant a mute signal or gesture of command, such as a nod of the head or a pointing of the finger. (इसकी उत्पत्ति 18वीं शताब्दी में मानी जा सकती है। अप्रचलित noun 'beck' का अर्थ है एक मूक संकेत या आदेश का इशारा, जैसे सिर का इशारा या उंगली से इशारा करना।)

The correct answer is: 'To aim at someone.'

Key Points

• The meaning of the given idiom is:
• To draw a bead on means to aim at someone or something with the sights on a firearm. (किसी को या किसी चीज को बन्दूक से निशाना लगाना।)
• Example: The hunter drew a bead on the rabbit.
• By the above meaning and example, we can say that 'To aim at someone' is the correct answer.

Hence option 1 is the appropriate answer.

Additional Information 

• Let's learn about the origin of the given idiom:
• The term 'to draw a bead on' dates back from about 1830, it alludes to the small knob in the foresight on a revolver or rifle. (यह शब्द लगभग 1830 का है, यह रिवॉल्वर या राइफल पर छोटे उभार को दर्शाता है।)

The correct answer is "Resilient".

Key Points

• Let us explore the given options:
• 'Repentant' means expressing or feeling sincere regret and remorse; remorseful.
• 'Redundant' means not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
• 'Repugnant' means extremely distasteful; unacceptable.
• 'Resilient' means able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
  

Complete Sentence: According to experts, some sectors remain resilient during these difficult times, including banking and financial services, FMCG, food, and technology.

The correct answer is- 'gift of the gab.'

Key Points 

• From the given options, 'gift of the gab' is the most appropriate answer to fill in the blank.
• As we can understand from the sentence that it talks about a quality that lawyers have.
• 'Gift of the gab' means someone who has the ability to speak well. (कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति जो अच्छी तरह से बोलने की क्षमता रखता हो।)
• Example: He was a pleasant little man with spiked hair, a black pipe, and a great gift of gab.
• So a gift of the gab is the most appropriate answer. As lawyers are good at speaking or arguing.

Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information 

• Let's learn about the origin of the phrase:
• This phrase appeared in Samuel Colvil’s Whiggs Supplication in 1695 “There was a man called Job...He had a good gift of the Gob.” During the next century, the word gob became gab, as in William Godwin’s Caleb Williams (1794): “He knew well enough that he had the gift of the gab.” (यह वाक्यांश 1695 में सैमुअल कॉलविल के Whiggs Supplication में दिखाई दिया "There was a man called Job...He had a good gift of the Gob.” अगली शताब्दी के दौरान, gob शब्द gab बन गया, विलियम गॉडविन के Caleb Williams (1794) के रूप में: "He knew well enough that he had the gift of the gab.")
• Meaning of the other given options are:
• Hitting the nail on the head: something that is exactly right or completely true (कुछ ऐसा जो बिल्कुल सही या पूरी तरह से सच हो)
• On the ball: very alert and aware of what is happening (क्या हो रहा है इसके बारे में बहुत सतर्क और जागरूक)
• Cutting corners: do something perfunctorily so as to save time or money. (समय या पैसा बचाने के लिए कुछ सही ढंग से करना)

The correct answer is 'of'.

Key Points

• The meaning of the phrase 'afraid of' is to feel fear; frightened because you think that you might be hurt or suffer.
• ​Example: He had always been afraid of death.
• The meaning of the phrase 'afraid to' is used to refer to be worried about what might happen.
• ​Example: Don't be afraid to ask if you don't understand.
• The meaning of the phrase 'afraid for somebody/something' is used to be worried or frightened that something unpleasant, dangerous, etc. will happen to a particular person or thing.
• ​Example: I'm not afraid for myself, but for the baby.
• Hence, the preposition 'of' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'of'.
  

​Correct sentence: He is afraid of the dog.

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Additional Information

• 'Afraid' is an adjective that means to feel fear or anxiety; frightened.
• ​​Example: Any time a wild animal isn't afraid of you, there is probably something wrong.

The least possible Venn diagram that best represents the relationship among wood, woodblocks, woodcock is as follows:​

1. Woodblocks are blocks of wood from which woodcut prints are made.

2. Woodcock is a bird.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

After rearranging the jumbled-up letters in their natural sequence, we get

1. IKHUSO → SUKHOI (a fighter jet)
2. GEIRAM → MIRAGE (a fighter jet)
3. OKIHNOC → CHINOOK (a helicopter)
4. LEFARA → RAFALE (a fighter jet)

Hence, "OKIHNOC" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Cow : herd → A group of Cows constitutes a Herd.

Similarly,

Dolphin : Pods → A group of Dolphin is called a Pod.

Additional Information

Hence, the correct answer is "Pods".

• A haiku is a short Japanese poem with 17 syllables.
• A fable is a short story that tells a general truth or is only partly based on fact or literature of this type.

Hence, "Haiku" is the correct answer.

Additional InformationSyllables: A syllable is a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound and that is pronounced as a unit. So, for example, ' book' has one syllable.

Mythos:   A traditional or recurrent narrative theme or plot structure (in literature) .

Allegory:  A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

The position of letter according to English alphabet series:

The pattern followed here is: 

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "OCNTNIUOSU".

The figure which will complete the pattern of question figure is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (2)".

The least possible Venn diagram that best represents the relationship among boys, engineer, employee is as follows:

1. Some boys are engineers.
2. Some boys are employees.
3. Some engineers are employees. There are some engineers who might be unemployed or self-employed.

Additional Information

• An employee is a person who is paid to work for an organization or for another person.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The figure which will complete the pattern of question figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

The logic followed is:

The given shape is rotating by +90º Anticlockwise except for figure D which is not following the pattern.

The correct pattern is:

Thus the Option D is odd from the rest of the image.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option D".

The option in which the given figure is embedded when rotation is NOT allowed is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

On observing the given figure carefully, we get:

In the question figure,

1. One of the dots lies in the region common to the circle and triangle,

2. Second dot lies in the region common to circle and quadrilateral and

3. The other dot lies in the region common to semi – circle and triangle.

Figure a: All the required conditions are fullfilled.

 

Figure b:

 

Here, One of the dots doesn't lies in the region common to the circle and triangle, Second dot doesn't lies in the region common to circle and quadrilateral and the other dot doesn't lies in the region common to semi – circle and triangle.

Figure c: All the required conditions are fullfilled.

 

Figure d:

Here, one of the dots doesn't lies in the region common to the circle and triangle, second dot lies in the region common to circle and quadrilateral and the other dot doesn't lies in the region common to semi – circle and triangle.

Figure (a) and (c) consists of same type of region.

Hence, the correct answer is  "figure (a) and (c)".

In figure (X), one of the dots lies in the region which is common to all the three figures.

one dot lies in the region common to the circle and square only

 

And the other dot lies in the rectangle only.

 

Only figure (D) consists of these types of regions.

Hence, 'figure (D)' is the correct answer.

In the question figure, one dots lies in the common region of Square, Triangle and Circle.

The second dot lie in the common region of Circle and Triangle.

The third dot lie in the common region of Triangle and Square.

Only figure (A) consists of these types of regions.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

On observing the figures carefully, we get:

In figure (X),

1. The dot lies in the region which is common to all the three figures.

Figure A:

Here, dot doesn't lies in the region which is common to all the three figures.

Figure B: All the conditions are fulfilled in this figure.

Figure C:

Here, dot doesn't lies in the region which is common to all the three figures.

Figure D:

Here, dot doesn't lies in the region which is common to all the three figures.

Only figure (B) consists of this type of region.

Hence, the correct answer is "Figure (B)"..

In the question figure, one of the dot lies in the region which is common to all four figures.

The second dot lies in the region common to the circle, triangle and rectangle only.

The third dot lies in the region common to triangle and circle only.

Only Figure (C) consists of these types of regions.

In Figure (A) & (D) the region of common figure four figures is not available.

In Figure (C) the region of common to triangle and circle only is not available.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Hint

If the exact figure is not shown in options, mark the most appropriate option present.

In figure (X),

1. One of the dots lies in the region common to the circle and the pentagon only.
2. The other dot lies in the region common to all the shapes.

Only figure (A) consists of both types of regions.

Hence, figure (A) is the correct one.

 

We should not think of the exact shape and size of the figures in these questions.

Just resemblance will work like if an Equilateral triangle is given in the question figure, any shape of a triangle in the answer figure will work, be it right triangle or scalene triangle.

The correct Venn diagram representation is:

Both Train and Aeroplane are traveling vehicles.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

1. Argentina and Brazil share a border and thus are neighhbouring countries of South America.
2. Similarly, Iran and Iraq share a border and thus are neighbouring countries.

Hence, the correct answer is  "Iraq".

Additional Information

The logic follows is:

Number of arrows in each figure is 5 except in option (4).

So, the option (4) is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

The figure which will complete the pattern of the question figure is given below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

1. Some boys are singers.
2. Some boys are athletes.
3. Some athletes are singers.

Thus, the Venn diagram that best represents the relationship among singer, boy, athlete is as follows:

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

The logic followed is:

Energy, Power, and Pressure is not a unit whereas an Erg is an unit.

Option 1: Energy

Energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to a body or physical system to perform work on the body, or to heat it. Energy is a conserved quantity; the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed.

Option 2: Erg

The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10⁻⁷ joules.

It is defined as the work done a force of one dyne produces a displacement of 1 cm in an object in the direction of the force.

One erg is equal to 2.4 × 10^-8 gram calories.

Option 3: Power

• Power of a machine is the rate of doing work or rate at which it can perform work.
• The absolute unit of power is Watt (W).WorkDoneTime(Power=WorkDoneTime(sec)The absolute unit of power is Watt (W)

1 Watt = 1J/s

• The practical unit of power is the Horse Power (H.P).
• One Horsepower is the amount of work a standard horse can do in one second.
• 1 Metric H.P = 735.5 Watts
• 1 British H.P = 746 Watts

Horsepower is defined by Scottish engineer James Watt in the eighteenth century.

Option 4: Pressure

• Force acting on a unit area is called pressure.
• The pressure increases with increasing depth.
• This is due to the water up above weighs down on the water below.
• Liquid pressure increases as depth increases.
• The pressure is greater on lower surfaces of the body than on the upper surfaces as the pressure in a fluid increases with depth.
• Pressure and depth are directly proportional to each other.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Erg".

1. Students get education in school.
2. Patients get treatment in hospitals.
3. Victims get justice in the courts.
4. Criminals get punishment in prisons.

Hence, "Principal - school" is the odd pair.

The pattern followed here is:

1) 

• The arrow and the circle are towards the same side.

2) 

- The arrow and the circle are towards the same side.

3) 

-  The arrow and circle are on the opposite sides.

4) 

- The arrow and the circle are towards the same side.

In each figure, the arrow and the circle are towards the same side but in figure (3) the arrow and circle are on the opposite sides.

Hence, option (3) is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

All the elements are moving continuously from left to right in the row then shift to the next row and again start from left to right and goes on. 

Hence, figure 4 of the given options will replace the question mark.

The pattern followed here is:

Starting from the top left corner,

1. In the first figure, two alternate semicircles and two alternate triangles are shaded.

2. In the second figure, all the semicircles rotate clockwise by replacing the position of the next semicircle (alternately) while all the triangles remain at their position.

3. In the third figure, all the semicircles and all the triangles remain at their position and a new alternate semicircle and alternate triangle are shaded from clockwise direction.

4. In the fourth figure, again all the semicircles rotate clockwise by replacing the position of the next semicircle (clockwise)while all the triangles remain at their position.

5. Thus, in the fifth figure, a new alternate semicircle and triangle will be shaded whereas there will be no change in the position of any semicircle and triangle.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern followed here is:

1. The figure with the least number of sides from the outer four figures shifts to the centre and the earlier central figure vanishes.
2. The vacant position of the figure which moves to the centre is occupied by its diagonally opposite figure.
3. Remaining two diagonal elements or figures also interchange their positions.
4. And the vacant position thus created is occupied by a new figure whose number of sides is one more than the previously highest-sided figure.

Hence, figure in option 2 will come next in the series.

The pattern followed here is,

Logic: All symbols move in a clockwise direction.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

1. Starting from the first figure, in alternate steps, symbols on the left side along with the middle symbol move in a clockwise direction.

2. Starting from the second figure, in alternate steps, symbols on the right side along with the middle symbol move in a clockwise direction.

The figure which will come next is,

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

The least possible Venn diagram that best represents the relationship among "employed, graduate, computer-skilled" is as follows:

1. Some graduates are employed.
2. Some graduates are computer-skilled.
3. There are also some graduates who both are employed and computer-skilled.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

All options except “Grinder” are examples of computer/laptop accessories, while “Grinder” is a piece of electrical equipment not related to a computer/laptop.

Hence, the correct answer is “Grinder”.

The logic followed here is:

• Brass - an alloy of copper and zinc.

Therefore, brass is the odd one among the given options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Brass".

Additional Information

The correct answer 'to'.

Key Points

• Usage of 'to': used to show who receives something or experiences an action.
• Example: Could you give these keys to Pete?
• 'Yield to something' means to agree to do something that you do not want to do or should not do.
• 'Temptation' means the wish to do or have something that you know you should not do or have.
• Therefore, the usage of 'to' is most appropriate.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

 

The correct sentence is: At last he yielded to the temptation.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 'with a tissue'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate phrase for the given sentence is 'with a tissue'.

• Here, in the given fill in the blank 'with a tissue' means 'with the help of tissue'.

• The preposition 'with' is used when we are 'using something'. 

• Example:

• He was shot at close range with a pistol.

• He was shot at close range in a pistol.

• ​​Therefore, by reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 2. 
  

​

Correct Sentence: She wiped her lipstick off with a tissue. 

• We tend to go for option 2 but it would be wrong because 'by' is used with 'Quantity or the period used for buying, feeling, or measuring something'. 

• Example:

• We rented the car by the bay.

• We rented the car with the bay.

• Therefore, by reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 2.

​

Additional Information

• Let's look at some other usage of the preposition 'with':​
• | Preposition | Meaning | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | 'with' preposition (DESCRIPTION) | having or including something | He's married with three children. | | 'with' preposition (RELATIONSHIP) | relating to or in the case of a person or thing | Russia has just drawn up a trade agreement with Norway. | | 'with' preposition (CONTAINING/COVERING) | used to show what is on or in something | The room was littered with toys. |

The correct answer is 'He has been spending' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the present perfect continuous tense ''has been spending'' is incorrect.
• The given sentence is in the present perfect tense. The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past .
• The present perfect tense is formed by have/has + the past participle.
• Therefore, the present perfect tense ''has spent'' should be used in place of the present perfect continuous tense ''has been spending''.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: He has spent a lifetime imbibing his local club’s history.

Hinglish

• दिए गए वाक्य में प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट कंटीन्यूअस टेंस ''has been spending'' का प्रयोग गलत है ।
• दिया गया वाक्य वर्तमान पूर्ण काल (present perfect tense) में है । वर्तमान पूर्ण काल ​​एक क्रिया या अवस्था को संदर्भित करता है जो या तो अतीत में अनिश्चित समय पर हुई हो
• वर्तमान पूर्ण काल का निर्माण have/has + the past participle।
• इसलिए, वर्तमान पूर्ण काल ''has spent'' वर्तमान पूर्ण निरंतर काल ''has been spending '' के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 है ।

सही वाक्य: He has spent a lifetime imbibing his local club’s history.

The correct answer is B.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the passive voice.
• The present perfect tense is used for an action that began in the past and continued to the present time.
• It follows the structure: sub + has/have + V3 + obj.
• Example: He hasn't finished his homework yet.
• The words like recently, already, yet, so far, etc., are generally used in the perfect tense.
• 'So far' means 'until now'.
• So, 'was not' should be replaced with 'hasn't been' in part B of the sentence.

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Correct sentence: The news of his accident hasn't been declared so far. 

<br>

Additional Information

• The word 'news' is a noun plural in form but singular in construction. Thus, it will take a singular verb.
• Example: Any news about the virus outbreak induces panic among many.

The correct answer is A.

Key Points

• The error lies in part A of the sentence.
• The pronoun me needs to be replaced with the pronoun I.
• When who refers to a personal pronoun (I, you, he, she, we, they), it takes the verb that agrees with that pronoun.
• Example:It is you who are mistaken. (you are)
• The correct answer is- It is I who am sorry

Additional Information

• A pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word that takes the place of a noun.
• Example: Joe saw Jill, and he waved at her

The correct answer is 'to tell the Greeks about their victory and arrival of Persians'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• Pheidippides now had another job. He ran 40 kilometres to Athens to tell the Greeks that they had won and to tell them that the Persians were coming.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Greek arrows flew through the air on the Persian soldiers.'

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• The Greeks could not wait and attacked the Persian army. The Greeks ran towards the enemy. Persian arrows flew through the air on the Greek soldiers.
• The Persians ran to their ships and tried to escape.
• From this great event, the first marathon race of the modern Olympic Games was run in 1896. It was won by a Greek runner, Spiridon Louis.
• Thus, from above we can refer that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'because Persia was a huge empire and it wanted to capture Greece'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• In 490 BC there was a big war between the Persians and the Greeks. Persia was a huge empire, much bigger than Greece. It wanted to capture Athens. The Greek soldiers waited on top of the hill while the Persian army waited on the plain of Marathon below.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'sought.'

Key Points

• The given passage is saying that Nirmala Sitharaman was asking for the nod of the Indian Parliament.
• Therefore, here we need a word whose meaning is similar to 'asking for something.'
• ​अतः यहाँ हमें एक ऐसे शब्द की आवश्यकता है जिसका अर्थ 'asking for something' के समान हो।
• Let us see the meanings of the given words in the options:
• Amazed: surprised (someone) greatly; filled with astonishment. (किसी को)बहुत करना करना; विस्मय से भरना।)
• Arranged: organized or made plans for (a future event). ((भविष्य की घटना) के लिए आयोजन या योजना बनाना।)
• Organized: arranged systematically; ordered. (व्यवस्थित करना।)
• Sought: asked for (something) from someone. (किसी से (कुछ) माँगना।)
• Therefore, out of these, the word close to 'ask for something' is 'sought.'
• Hence, the correct answer for the blank (1) is 'sought.'
• Correct phrase: .........Finance Minister of India, sought the nod of the Indian .............

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Additional Information

Let us see the synonyms of the given words:

The correct answer is 'to.'

Key Points

• “Relate to” should be used when the meaning of the verb is about connections.
• Example: I relate to your pain.
  

                Those cases relate to each other.

• ​Hence, the preposition 'to' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer for the blank (2) is 'to.'
• ​​​Correct phrase: To meet the various issues related to Covid and.............

​

Additional Information

• Use the preposition 'to' when indicating that there is movement from one place to another.
• In other words, the preposition 'to' with verbs such as drive, walk, go, hike, fly, sail, etc.
• Example: We're flying to San Francisco on Thursday for a meeting.

<br>

Hinglish

• ​जब क्रिया का अर्थ कनेक्शन के बारे में हो तो "Relate to" का उपयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
• Example: I relate to your pain.
  

                Those cases relate to each other.

• अत: वाक्य को व्याकरणिक रूप से सही करने के लिए preposition 'to' का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

The correct answer is 'issued'.

Key Points

• The given passage is in the Present Perfect tense.
• Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + object (Active Voice)
• Example: I have written a story.
• Hence, the correct form of tenses, 'issued' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'issued'.
• ​​Correct phrase: *..........*a spending has been issued for the health and family welfare department.

<br>

Additional Information

• The meaning of the word 'welfare' is the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.
• Example: Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.

<br>

Hinglish

• दिया गया गद्यांश Present Perfect tense ​​में है।
• संरचना:Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + object (Active Voice)
• Example: I have written a story.
• इसलिए, वाक्य को व्याकरणिक रूप से सही बनाने के लिए काल के सही रूप, 'issued'  का उपयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

The correct answer is 'A firm opinion'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom "An iron will" is 'A firm opinion'.
• An iron-will: great hardness, strength, or resolve 
• Example: He led with an iron will that was masked by effortless charm.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 4. 
  

​

Correct Answer: A firm opinion.

​

 

• An iron-will: महान कठोरता, शक्ति, या संकल्प.

The correct answer is 'Incomprehensible'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'All Greek to me' is 'Incomprehensible'.
• All Greek to me: a way of saying that you do not understand something that is said or written
• Example: He tried to explain the rules of the game to me, but it was all Greek to me.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 4.
  

​

Correct Answer: Incomprehensible.

​

• All Greek to me: मेरी समझ से परे है

The correct answer is 'Dishonesty'.

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of Probity:-
• Probity: complete honesty.
• Example: Her probity and integrity are beyond question.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:-

 

• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word 'Dishonesty' is the word almost opposite in meaning to the word 'Probity'.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'Dishonesty'.

The correct answer is- 'put up with.'

Key Points 

• From the given options, 'put up with' is the most appropriate answer to fill in the blank.
• As we can understand from the sentence that the boss is done with his inefficiencies.
• 'put up with' means tolerate or endure something. (कुछ सहना)
• Example: I'm too tired to put up with any nonsense.
• So option 2 is the most appropriate answer. As it fits with the context of the sentence.

The correct sentence is: The boss simply could not put up with his inefficiency anymore.

Additional Information 

• Meaning of the other given options are:
• Put off: postpone something. (कुछ स्थगित करना।)
• Put down: stop holding something and place it on a surface or the ground. (किसी चीज को पकड़ना बंद करना और उसे किसी सतह या जमीन पर रखना।)
• Put across: communicate something effectively (किसी बात को प्रभावी ढंग से संप्रेषित करना)

The correct answer is option 4.

The currency in Finland is Euros.

Note:

• Angkor Wat is the most famous Hindu temple located in Cambodia.
• Finland is the world's happiest country on Earth. (2019 World Happiness Report)

The correct answer is Boxing.

• Jab term is related to boxing.

Key Points

• A jab is a type of punch used in boxing and martial arts.
• Several variations of the jab exist, but every jab shares these characteristics: while in a fighting stance, the lead fist is thrown straight ahead and the arm is fully extended.
• Terminologies used in boxing are Knock out, Roundhouse punch, Hook, Uppercut, Kidney punch, Timing, Footwork, southpaw, sparer.

 

Additional Information

• Terminologies used in basketball are Free Throw, Technical Foul, Common Foul, Under Head, Overhead, etc.
• Terminologies used in chess are E.L.O. rating, international Master, Grand Master, Gambit, Kings Indian Defence, etc.
• Terminologies used in football are Goal, Kick, Head, Penalty kick, Dribble, Offside, Hat trick, Foul, Left out, Right out, Stopper, Defender, Move, Side back, Pass, Baseline, Rebound, Comer bick, etc.

The correct answer is Raigad.

• The Maratha empire dominated a large area of India in the 18th century.

Key Points

• Shivaji was named Chhatrapati in 1674 and the Maratha empire came to an end in 1818 after the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II by the British East India company.
• This initially began by freeing the people from the Sultanate of Bijapur when he won Fort Torna in 1645 and after this, it continued by winning other forts.
• His aim was to establish an empire of self-rule of the Hindu people.
• He kept Raigad as his capital and they gave tough fights to Mughals to defend his kingdom.

The correct answer is 1900.

• In the year 1900, women participated for the first time in Olympics.

Key Points

• Olympics:
• Athens was the venue for the first Olympics which was held in 1896.
• Since then Games are held every four years.
• The Olympic flag was created in 1913 at the suggestion of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
• In the Amsterdam Games in 1928, an Olympic flame was ceremonially lighted and burned in a giant torch at the entrance of the stadium.
• The Olympic motto is “Citius Altius Fortius” (faster, higher, stronger).
• In the year 1900, women participated for the first time in Olympics.
• It was Paris Olympics.
• India first participated in the Olympics in 1900 in Paris.
• The country was represented by Norman Pritchard, an Anglo Indian who was holidaying in Paris during that time.
• In Olympics, India has won the hockey title a maximum of eight times.

The correct answer is George Orwell.

Key Points

The correct answer is Larisa Latynina.

Mistake Points

• The question is asking about the women athlete, hence Larisa Latynina would be the correct answer, not Michael Phelps.

Key Points

• Larisa Semyonovna Latynina was born on 27 December 1934.
• She is a Ukrainian gymnast who represented the former Soviet Union in gymnastic competitions.
• Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years.
• She held the record for individual event medals with 14 for 52 years. She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.

The correct answer is 5 hours 30 minutes.

Key PointsIndian Standard Time:

• Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82°30' E longitude from the clock tower in Mirzapur near Allahabad Uttar Pradesh.
• Indian Standard Time is ahead of Greenwich Mean Time by 5 hours and 30 minutes. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• India Standard Time is a half-hour time zone.
• Its local time differs by 30 minutes instead of the normal whole hour.

Additional Information Greenwich Mean Time:

• Greenwich Mean Time or GMT is the clock time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.
• It is the same all year round and is not affected by clock changes.
• When the sun is at its highest point exactly above the Prime Meridian, it is 12:00 noon at Greenwich.
• The Greenwich Meridian (Prime Meridian or Longitude Zero degrees) is the reference point for every Time Zone in the world.

The correct answer is Nadia.

• An Indigo movement started in the Nadia district in Bengal.

Key Points

• Indigo Revolt:
• It was a peasant movement and uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters.
• It started from the Gobindapur and Chaugacha in Krishnanagar, Nadia district in Bengal in the year 1859.
• The revolt was first led by Bishnucharan Biswas and Digambar Biswas.
• Dinabandhu Mitra's play of 1860 play Nil Darpan is based on the revolt.
• The revolt was suppressed ruthlessly by the large forces of police and military.

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Vitamin C also known as Ascorbic acid which helps in the binding of the cells is a water-soluble vitamin and is not produced in our body.
• For a proper diet, an adequate intake of Vitamin C is important. Example- citrus fruits, broccoli, tomatoes, etc.

Important Points

Trick to remember fat-soluble vitamins- KEDA

• K-Vitamin K
• E- vitamin E
• D-vitamin D
• A-vitamin A

Water Soluble vitamin:

• B & C

The correct answer is K.C. Niyogi.

Key Points

• K.C. Niyogi was the first chairman of the Finance Commission of India.

​

Additional Information

• The Finance Commission (FC)
• It is a constitutional body, that determines the method and formula for distributing the tax proceeds between the Centre and states, and among the states as per the constitutional arrangement and present requirements.
• Under Article 280 of the Constitution, the President of India is required to constitute a Finance Commission at an interval of five years or earlier.
• Article 280
• The President shall, within two years from the commencement of this Constitution and thereafter at the expiration of every fifth year or at such earlier time as the President considers necessary, by order constitute a Finance Commission which shall consist of a Chairman and four other members to be appointed by the President.
• Parliament may by law determine the qualifications which shall be requisite for appointment as members of the Commission and how they shall be selected.
• The Commission shall determine their procedure and shall have such powers in the performance of their functions as Parliament may by law confer on them.
• Article 281, the President shall cause every recommendation made by the Finance Commission under the provisions of this Constitution together with an explanatory memorandum as to the action taken thereon to be laid before each House of Parliament.
• The 15^th Finance Commission was constituted by the President of India in November 2017, under the chairmanship of NK Singh.
• Its recommendations will cover a period of five years from the year 2021-22 to 2025-26.

Source:-https://fincomindia.nic.in/

The correct answer is Narmada.

• The Dhuandhar Falls is a waterfall located in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh, formed by the river Narmada.
• The word Dhuandhar is derived from two Hindi words - Dhuan (smoke) + Dhar (flow) meaning a waterfall where we get smoke-flow-like feeling.
• The Dhuandhar Falls are located on the Narmada River in Bhedaghat and are 30 meters high.
• The Narmada river rises from the Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh.
• It is also known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" for its huge contribution to these two states.

Additional Information

Option 1 is correct, i.e. 24 January 1950.

• The national anthem of India is "Jana Gana Mana".
• It was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
• It was originally composed in Bengali by poet Rabindranath Tagore as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata.
• It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (now Kolkata) Session of the Indian National Congress.
• It was translated in Hindi by Captain Abid Ali and composed by Captain Ram Singh.

The correct answer is Pt. Ravi Shankar.

Key Points

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Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Important Points

Sitar instrument:

• The sitar is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music.
• The instrument was invented in medieval India and flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th-century India.
• Used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
• In the 1960s, a short-lived trend arose for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as the Beatles, the Doors, the Rolling Stones, and others.

The correct answer is Fathima Beevi.

Key Points

• Fathima Beevi was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India.
• She was also the first Muslim woman to be appointed to any higher judiciary.
• She was appointed to the apex Court in 1989.
• On her retirement from the court, she served as a member of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and later as the Governor of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu from 1997 to 2001.
• As the Governor of Tamil Nadu, she rejected the mercy petitions filed by the four condemned prisoners in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case.
• The prisoners had sent the mercy petitions to the Governor, pleading her to exercise her power under Article 161 of the Constitution (the Governor's power to grant pardon).

The correct answer is Bimbisara.

Key Points

• Haryanka:
• ​Bimbisara (544 - 492 BC ):  He was the founder of this dynasty. Also known as the Shrenika.
• He was the contemporary of Lord Buddha. He had three wives,
• Kosaladevi, daughter of the king of Koshala, and sister of Prasenjit.
• Chellana, daughter of Lichahavi ruler Chetaka and Mother of Ajatashatru.
• Khema, daughter of Madra of Panjab.
• When the ruler of Avanti, Pradyota suffered from Jaundice he sent royal physician Jivaka.

Additional Information

• Ajatashatru (492-460 BC): 
• He Killed his father and seized the throne.
• He was also known as Kunika and Ashokachanda. He defeated his maternal uncle Prasanjit and married his daughter Vajira.
• The famous weapons Mahasilakantaka and Rathamusala belonged to him.
• He arranged the first Buddhist council at Rajgriha after the death of Buddha.
• Udayin (460 - 444 BC):
• He was the son of Ajatashatru.
• He made Pataliputra the capital of Magadha and also built a fort at the confluence of Ganges and son at Patna.
• Kalashoka (394 - 366 BC): 
• Kalashoka was also known as the Kakavarna.
• The second Buddist council was held at Vaishali during his reign.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Akbarnama.

Key Points

• Ain-i Akbari is a detailed document recording the administration of the Mughal Empire under Emperor Akbar, written by his court historian, Abu'l Fazl in the Persian language.
• The Ain-i-Akbari is the third volume of the Akbarnama containing information regarding Akbar's reign in the form of, what would be called in modern times, administration reports, statistical compilations, or gazetteers.
• The Ain-i-Akbari is itself divided into five books.
• The first book deals with the imperial household.
• The second with the servants of the emperor, the military and civil services.
• The third book deals with the imperial administration, containing the regulations for the judicial and executive departments.
• The fourth book contains information about Hindu philosophy, science, social customs and literature.
• The fifth book contains sayings of Akbar.
• Tabakat-i-Akbari was written by Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad**.**
• Bhaktamal** is a poem in the Braj language that gives short biographies of more than two-hundred Bhaktas. It was written by Guru Nabha Das.**
• Takmila-i-Akbarnama** was written by **Nizamuddin.

The correct answer is Dhruv.

• The Advanced Light Helicopter designed and developed by HAL is also known as Dhruv.

Key Points

• Hal Dhruv:
• It is an Advanced Light Helicopter designed and developed by HAL.
• The helicopter entered into service in 2002.
• The helicopter is so designed to meet the requirement of both military and civil operators.
• It is primarily being used by the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.

 

Additional Information

• HAL Tejas is an indigenously developed multi-role light fighter aircraft.
• HAL Chetak is a Light Utility Helicopter.
• HAL Rudra is an armed version of HAL Dhruv.