AFCAT 13 Feb 2022 (Shift 1) Memory Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is: Antipathy.

Key Points

• The word "Aversion" refers to a strong feeling of dislike or opposition towards something or someone. (घृणा)
• Example: Her aversion to loud noises made her avoid crowded places.
• "Antipathy" means a deep-seated feeling of dislike or hostility, which is similar in meaning to aversion. (विरोध)
• Example: He felt a strong antipathy toward dishonest behavior.
• Hence, we can conclude that the word most similar in meaning to "Aversion" is "Antipathy."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Antipathy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Entice (लुभाना): To attract or tempt someone by offering pleasure or advantage.
• Example: The aroma of freshly baked cookies enticed her into the kitchen.
• Lure (फुसलाना): To persuade or tempt someone to go somewhere or do something, often by offering a reward.
• Example: The promise of high wages lured him into accepting the job abroad.
• Indifference (उदासीनता): Lack of interest, concern, or sympathy.
• Example: His indifference to the suffering of others was shocking.

The correct answer is- 'Cheer'

Key Points 

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Daunt' is 'Cheer'.
• Daunt: to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something (किसी को कुछ हासिल करने की उनकी क्षमता के बारे में थोड़ा भयभीत या चिंतित महसूस कराने के लिए) 
• Example: She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem.
• Cheer: to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement (अनुमोदन या प्रोत्साहन का ज़ोरदार चिल्लाना देना)
• Example: Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information  Let's look at the meaning of other words:

• Discourage: to make someone feel less confident, enthusiastic, and positive about something, or less willing to do something (किसी को कुछ के बारे में कम आत्मविश्वास, उत्साही और सकारात्मक महसूस करने के लिए, या कुछ करने के लिए कम इच्छुक महसूस करने के लिए)
• Dishearten: to make a person lose confidence, hope, and energy (एक व्यक्ति को आत्मविश्वास, आशा और ऊर्जा खोने के लिए)
• Disparity​: a lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair (समानता या समानता की कमी, विशेष रूप से इस तरह से जो उचित नहीं है)

The correct answer is 'Extirpate'.

Key Points

• The word 'Obliterate' means to destroy all traces.
• The synonyms of the word 'Obliterate' are "extirpate, eradicate, erase".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Extirpate' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Extirpate' means to eradicate or destroy completely.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Obliterate' are "conserve, preserve, protect".
• Example of 'Obliterate​​' in a sentence:
• She tried to obliterate all memory of her father
  

.

Hinglish

• शब्द 'Obliterate' का अर्थ है सभी निशानों को नष्ट करना।
• 'Obliterate' शब्द के पर्यायवाची शब्द "विलुप्त , मिटना, मिटना" है।
• दिए गए शब्द की पर्याय से, हम कह सकते हैं कि शब्द 'Extirpate' का अर्थ एक ही है ।
• 'Extirpate' शब्द का अर्थ है   सेवा मेरे   पूरी तरह से नष्ट या नष्ट करना।

इसलिए, सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 है । आइए देखते हैं अन्य दिए गए विकल्पों का अर्थ: -

The correct answer is 'Admire'

Key Points

• Let's see the meaning of the given words-
• Deplore- feel or express strong disapproval of. (की तीव्र अस्वीकृति महसूस करना या व्यक्त करना)
• Dependable- Trustworthy and reliable. (भरोसेमंद और भरोसेमंद।)
• Independent- Free from outside control. (बाहरी नियंत्रण से मुक्त।)
• Admire- regard with respect or warm approval. (सम्मान या गर्मजोशी से अनुमोदन के संबंध में।)
• Damn- be doomed to misfortune or failure. (दुर्भाग्य या असफलता के लिए अभिशप्त होना।)
• So according to the meaning of the given words, the correct answer is 'Admire'

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e Emeritus

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the correct option. 
• Emeritus: Someone who is retired but allowed to keep the honour. (कोई है जो सेवानिवृत्त हो गया है लेकिन सम्मान रखने की अनुमति है।)
• Here we find that the meaning of the word emeritus and the sentence given in the question are the same.
• Let's look at the meaning of the other given options. 
• Belligerent: Hostile and aggressive. (शत्रुतापूर्ण और आक्रामक।)
• Truant: A pupil who leaves school without explanation. (एक छात्र जो बिना स्पष्टीकरण के स्कूल छोड़ देता है।)
• Mercenary: A paid soldier who fights for those who pay him. (एक सशुल्क सैनिक जो उसे भुगतान करने वालों के लिए लड़ता है।)
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 2 i.e Emeritus.

Additional Information

• The word Emeritus comes from the past participle Latin word "emereri" which means to earn one's discharge.
• Emeritus today is most commonly used for academicians especially for professors in a university.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points 

• Discrepancy means an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. (दो या दो से अधिक तथ्यों के बीच संगतता या समानता की एक अतार्किक या आश्चर्यजनक कमी।)
• Indelible means are not able to be forgotten. (भुलाया नहीं जा सकता)
• For eg; That incident left an indelible expression on me.
• It is clear from the example that indelible is the exact word.
• Bizarre means are very strange or unusual. (बहुत अजीब या असामान्य हैं।)
• Parity means the state or condition of being equal, especially as regards status or pay. (समान होने की अवस्था या भाव, विशेषकर स्थिति या वेतन के संबंध में।)

So, options 1,3 and 4 are incorrect.

The correct answer is- 'to do something that prevents a plan or activity from succeeding​'

Key Points  

• The meaning of the idiom 'Throw a spanner' is 'to cause something to not go as planned'
• Idiom 'Throw a spanne' का अर्थ योजना के अनुसार कुछ न करने के लिए कारण
• Example: We were ready to start the project when the bank threw a spanner in the works by denying the loan.

Additional Information  

• The meaning of the word 'spanner' is a tool with a round end that is used to turn nuts and bolts (= metal objects used to fasten things together)
• Example: He took a spanner from his toolbox and tightened up the bolts on the gate.

The correct answer is- 'To believe that something is very important'

Key Points 

• The meaning of the idiom 'Set store by' is 'Regard as valuable or worthwhile.'
• Idiom 'Set store by' का अर्थ मूल्यवान या सार्थक के रूप में देखें
• Example: Martina sets great store by physical strength and fitness.

Additional Information  

• The meaning of the word 'believe' is to think that something is true, or that what someone says is true.
• Example: I can't believe that she wants to go out with me.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e,to quit in defeat or give up.

Key Points 

 Let's find out the correct meaning and usage of the given idiom-

• Throw in the towel : to quit in defeat or give up. (हारने या हार मानने के लिए)
• Example -"After four successive losses in test matches, Captain of the cricket team threw in the towel disheartening many fans around the world".

 Hence,Option 4 describes the given idiom correctly.

The correct answer is 'on.'

Key Points

• If you live on an amount of money, that is the money that you use to buy the things that you need.
• Example: We lived on very little when we first got married.
• The meaning of the phrase 'live for' is to enjoy something more than anything else that you do.
• Example: My son lives for sports.
• ​The meaning of the phrase 'live in' is to live at the place where you work or study.
• Example: The university guarantees accommodation in halls of residence for every first-year who wants to live in.
• Therefore, the correct answer is ‘on.’
• Correct phrase*: Water is the single most important resource on the planet that we live on, and .....*

Additional Information  

• A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is: likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, or advice.
• In English, the modal verbs commonly used are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, and must.
• Example: My keys must be in the car.

Hinglish  

• यदि आप एक राशि पर live on हैं, तो वह धन है जिसका उपयोग आप अपनी जरूरत की चीजें खरीदने के लिए करते हैं।
• Example: We lived on very little when we first got married.
• Phrase 'live for' का अर्थ है कि आप जो कुछ भी करते हैं, उससे अधिक कुछ का आनंद लें।
• Example: My son lives for sports.
• Phrase 'live in' का अर्थ उस स्थान पर रहना है जहां आप काम करते हैं या पढ़ते हैं।
• Example: The university guarantees accommodation in halls of residence for every first-year who wants to live in.

The correct answer is 'conserve.'

Key Points

• As the preposition ‘to’ is present before the blank (2), therefore we need "to" + base form of the verb after it.
• Example: We need to go there.
• Conserving is the gerund or present participle.
• Conserved is the V2 and V3 forms of the verb.
• ​Has conserve is grammatically incorrect.
• Conserve is the V1 form of the verb.
• Therefore, the correct answer is ‘conserve.’
• ​Correct sentence: Water is the basic necessity for all living beings, and it is incredibly important to conserve it.

Additional Information  

• The meaning of the word 'conserve' is to keep and protect something from damage, change, or waste.
• Example: *To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating.*​

Hinglish  

• चूंकि preposition ‘to’ रिक्त (1) से पहले मौजूद है, इसलिए हमें इसके बाद क्रिया के "to" + base form of the verb की आवश्यकता है।
• Example: We need to go there.
• Conserving, gerund or present participle है।
• Conserved, क्रिया के V2 और V3 रूप हैं।
• Has conserve व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है।
• Conserve, क्रिया का V1 रूप है।

The correct answer is 'but also.'

Key Points

• Not only … but also is used to connect and emphasize two phrases or two words at the same position.
• Different Structures: 
• Subject + Verb + not only + Adjective + but also + Adjective
• Subject + Verb + not only + Adverb + but also + Adverb
• Subject + Verb + not only + Noun + but also + Noun
• Subject + not only + Verb + but also + Verb
• Example: I like not only cheesecake but also cake.
• Hence, 'but also her' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'but also.'
• ​The Correct Sentence: It is not only important for living and breathing things, but also for many inanimate objects that humans create.

Additional Information  

• A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.
• Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another.
• Example: Most children like sweets and cookies.
• Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.
• Example: I like coffee, but I don't like tea.

Hinglish 

• Not only … but also एक ही स्थिति में दो वाक्यांशों या दो शब्दों को जोड़ने और उन पर जोर देने के लिए भी उपयोग किया जाता है।
• विभिन्न संरचनाएं:
• Subject + Verb + not only + Adjective + but also + Adjective
• Subject + Verb + not only + Adverb + but also + Adverb
• Subject + Verb + not only + Noun + but also + Noun
• Subject + not only + Verb + but also + Verb
• Example: I like not only cheesecake but also cake.
• अत: वाक्य को व्याकरणिक रूप से शुद्ध करने के लिए 'but also' का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।

The correct answer is 'for.'

Key Points

• We can use to as a preposition to indicate a destination or direction.
• Example: We’re going to Liverpool next week.
• ​We use for to talk about a purpose or a reason for something.
• Example: I’m going for some breakfast. I’m really hungry.
• ​We use at to talk about points in time, ages and some periods of time.
• Example: I was up at 6 am this morning.
• We use by meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines.​
• Example: The postman is always here by 11 am.
• Therefore, the preposition 'for' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'for.'
• ​​Correct sentence: It is essential to conserve and save water for ourselves and the entire planet Earth.

Additional Information  

• A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.
• Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to."
• Example: I live in Raipur.

Hinglish  

• हम गंतव्य या दिशा को इंगित करने के लिए preposition to उपयोग कर सकते हैं।
• Example: We’re going to Liverpool next week.
• हम किसी उद्देश्य या किसी कारण के बारे में बात करने के लिए preposition for उपयोग करते हैं।
• Example: I’m going for some breakfast. I’m really hungry.
• हम समय, उम्र और कुछ समय के बिंदुओं के बारे में बात करने के लिए preposition at उपयोग करते हैं।
• Example: I was up at 6 am this morning.
• व्यवस्थाओं और समय-सीमा को संदर्भित करने के लिए हम preposition by, 'न कि बाद में' अर्थ से उपयोग करते हैं
• Example: The postman is always here by 11 am.
• इसलिए वाक्य को व्याकरणिक रूप से शुद्ध करने के लिए preposition 'for' का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।
• इसलिए, सही उत्तर 'for' है।

The correct answer is '90%.'

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the tenth sentence of the first paragraph of the passage:   
• *'*90% saw increased emotional resilience for dealing with adversity.'
• ​It can be concluded from the above line that 90% saw increased emotional resilience for dealing with adversity. (यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि 90% ने प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों से निपटने के लिए भावनात्मक लचीलापन बढ़ाया।।).
• ​Hence, the correct answer is '90%.'

Additional Information 

• The meaning of the word 'adversity' is a difficult or unlucky situation or event. ('Adversity' शब्द का अर्थ है एक कठिन या अशुभ स्थिति या घटना।)
• Example: She was always cheerful in adversity.

The correct answer is '98%.'

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the ninth sentence of the first paragraph of the passage:  
• *'*98% of children noticed a positive change in themselves at the end of the iheart programme.'
• ​It can be concluded from the above line that 98% of children noticed a positive change in themselves at the end of the iheart programme. (यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि iheart  कार्यक्रम के अंत में 98% बच्चों ने अपने आप में एक सकारात्मक बदलाव देखा।).
• ​Hence, the correct answer is '98%.'

Additional Information

• The meaning of the word 'Recommend' is to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done*.* ('Recommend' शब्द का अर्थ है यह सुझाव देना कि कोई व्यक्ति या कोई वस्तु किसी विशेष कार्य या उद्देश्य के लिए अच्छा या उपयुक्त होगा, या यह सुझाव देना कि कोई विशेष कार्य किया जाना चाहिए।)
• Example: I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious.

The correct answer is 'flexibility.'

Key Points

• The meaning of the word 'resilience' is the quality of being able to return quickly to a previous good condition after problems. ('Resilience' शब्द का अर्थ हैं समस्याओं के बाद पिछली अच्छी स्थिति में जल्दी लौटने में सक्षम होने का गुण।).
• Example: The resilience of the economy has come as a surprise to some.
• Let us see the meaning of the following words:
• Rigidity: inability to be changed or adapted. (बदलने या अनुकूलित करने में असमर्थता।)
• Flexibility: the ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation. (स्थिति के अनुसार आसानी से बदलने की क्षमता।)
• Fragility: the quality of being easily damaged or broken. (आसानी से क्षतिग्रस्त या टूट जाने का गुण।)
• Weakness: the state or condition of being weak. (कमजोर होने की अवस्था या भाव।)
• ​It can be concluded that the word 'flexibility' could replace the word 'resilience' as used in the passage
• ​ Hence, the correct answer is 'flexibility.'

Additional Information 

• Let us discuss the ANTONYM of some words:

The correct answer is- 'RPQS'

Key Points 

• While arranging the parts of the passage given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.  
• The opener will be R as it introduces the context of the paragraph.
• After this, P will come as it is the initial part of the next sentence.
• After this, Q will come as it is connected to P with the help of the conjunction 'and.'
• S follows Q as it is providing a conclusion to the context.
• ​​The correct sequence:​

R. so often that the children knew just exactly what to expect the moment he began.

P. They all knew it as well as he knew it himself,

Q. and they could keep him

S. from making mistakes,

Additional Information     

• Steps for solving Para Jumbles:
• Clues include pronouns, like he, she, it, this, that, these, those; adverbs like formally, really; article a, an and the; definers like actually, finally, another; connectors like but, yet, both, also and neither nor, or, however, nevertheless.
• Now, with the help of clues, try to find out qualifier and qualified sentences, so that we can make pairs of qualified and qualifier sentences to eliminate the wrong choices given in the question.
• After making pairs, start eliminating the wrong choices or options given in the question.
• In case there is more than one choice, try to follow the sequence of sentences according to the occurrence of the events.

Hinglish    

• विकल्पों में दिए गए गद्यांश के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय, हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• Opener, R होगा क्योंकि यह पैराग्राफ के संदर्भ का परिचय देता है।
• इसके बाद P आएगा क्योंकि यह अगले वाक्य का प्रारंभिक भाग है।
• इसके बाद, Q आएगा क्योंकि यह conjunction 'and' की मदद से P से जुड़ा हुआ है।
• S, Q का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह संदर्भ को निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is- 'QRPS'

Key Points  

• While arranging the parts of the passage given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.  
• The opener will be Q as it introduces the context of the paragraph.
• After this, R will come as it is the initial part of the next sentence.
• After this, P will come as it is talking about the incident after R.
• S follows P as it is providing a conclusion to the context.
• ​​The correct sequence:​

Q. “Today I go to the post office and around, looking around.

R. Maybe I will hear about something happening last night when I was sleeping.

P. Maybe a policeman began laughing

S. fell in a cistern and came out with

Additional Information      

• Steps for solving Para Jumbles:
• Clues include pronouns, like he, she, it, this, that, these, those; adverbs like formally, really; article a, an and the; definers like actually, finally, another; connectors like but, yet, both, also and neither nor, or, however, nevertheless.
• Now, with the help of clues, try to find out qualifier and qualified sentences, so that we can make pairs of qualified and qualifier sentences to eliminate the wrong choices given in the question.
• After making pairs, start eliminating the wrong choices or options given in the question.
• In case there is more than one choice, try to follow the sequence of sentences according to the occurrence of the events.

Hinglish     

• विकल्पों में दिए गए गद्यांश के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय, हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• Opener, Q होगा क्योंकि यह पैराग्राफ के संदर्भ का परिचय देता है।
• इसके बाद R आएगा क्योंकि यह अगले वाक्य का प्रारंभिक भाग है।
• इसके बाद, P आएगा क्योंकि यह R के बाद घटना के बारे में बात कर रहा है।
• S, P का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह संदर्भ को निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is- 'QPRS'

Key Points   

• While arranging the parts of the passage given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.  
• The opener will be Q as it introduces the context of the paragraph.
• After this, P will come as it is connected to Q with the help of the preposition 'to.'
• S follows R as it is providing a conclusion to the context.
• ​​The correct sequence:​

Q. and his wife are down

P. to their last piece of leather

R. when their fortunes

S. change thanks to help from

Additional Information       

• Steps for solving Para Jumbles:
• Clues include pronouns, like he, she, it, this, that, these, those; adverbs like formally, really; article a, an and the; definers like actually, finally, another; connectors like but, yet, both, also and neither nor, or, however, nevertheless.
• Now, with the help of clues, try to find out qualifier and qualified sentences, so that we can make pairs of qualified and qualifier sentences to eliminate the wrong choices given in the question.
• After making pairs, start eliminating the wrong choices or options given in the question.
• In case there is more than one choice, try to follow the sequence of sentences according to the occurrence of the events.

Hinglish      

• विकल्पों में दिए गए गद्यांश के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय, हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• Opener, Q होगा क्योंकि यह पैराग्राफ के संदर्भ का परिचय देता है।
• इसके बाद, P आ जाएगा क्योंकि यह preposition 'to' की मदद से Q से जुड़ा है।
• S, R का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह संदर्भ को निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is- 'QPRS'

Key Points 

• While arranging the parts of the passage given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.  
• The opener will be Q as it introduces the context of the paragraph.
• After this, P will come as it is connected to Q with the help of 'who.'
• After this, R will come as it is connected to P with the help of the helping verb 'was.'
• S follows R as it is providing a conclusion to the context.
• ​​The correct sequence:​

Q. there was an honest, industrious countryman named Meanwell,

P. who, living under a hard landlord,

R. was cruelly turned out of his little farm,

S. which had enabled him to support a wife and two children,

Additional Information    

• Steps for solving Para Jumbles:
• Clues include pronouns, like he, she, it, this, that, these, those; adverbs like formally, really; article a, an and the; definers like actually, finally, another; connectors like but, yet, both, also and neither nor, or, however, nevertheless.
• Now, with the help of clues, try to find out qualifier and qualified sentences, so that we can make pairs of qualified and qualifier sentences to eliminate the wrong choices given in the question.
• After making pairs, start eliminating the wrong choices or options given in the question.
• In case there is more than one choice, try to follow the sequence of sentences according to the occurrence of the events.

Hinglish   

• विकल्पों में दिए गए गद्यांश के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय, हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• Opener, Q होगा क्योंकि यह पैराग्राफ के संदर्भ का परिचय देता है।
• इसके बाद, P आएगा क्योंकि यह Q से जुड़ा हुआ है 'who' की मदद से।
• इसके बाद, R आएगा क्योंकि यह सहायक क्रिया 'was' की मदद से P से जुड़ा हुआ है।
• S, R का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह संदर्भ को निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is 'sense.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence, we need a word close to the meaning of 'feeling' to fill in the blank.
• Let us see the meanings of the given words:
• Watch: an act or instance of carefully observing someone or something over a period of time. (समय की अवधि में किसी को या किसी चीज़ को ध्यान से देखने की क्रिया या उदाहरण।।)
• Sense: a feeling that something is the case. (एक भावना है कि कुछ मामला है।)
• Ignorance: lack of knowledge or information. (ज्ञान या जानकारी की कमी।)
• Lack: the state of being without or not having enough of something. (किसी चीज के पर्याप्त न होने या न होने की अवस्था।)
• From the meanings of the words, we can say that 'sense' is the most appropriate answer.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'sense.'
  

The correct sentence: His sense of decency and fair play made him refuse the offer.​

Additional Information

• Let us see the Synonyms of the given words:

The correct answer is 'conceal.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence, we need a word close to the meaning of 'hide' to fill in the blank.
• Let us see the meanings of the given words:
• Endorse: declare one's public approval or support of. (किसी की सार्वजनिक स्वीकृति या समर्थन की घोषणा करना।)
• Raise: lift or move to a higher position or level. (किसी उच्च स्थिति या स्तर पर उठाना या ले जाना।)
• Issue: supply or distribute (something) for use or sale. (उपयोग या बिक्री के लिए आपूर्ति या वितरण (कुछ)।)
• Conceal: not allow to be seen; hide. (देखने की अनुमति ना देना; छिपाना।।)
• From the meanings of the words, we can say that 'conceal' is the most appropriate answer.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'conceal.'

The correct sentence: Maybe he was trying to protect her, therefore he was trying to conceal the problem.

Additional Information

• Let us see the Synonyms of the given words:

The correct answer is 'abstract​.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence, we need a word close to the meaning of 'extract or remove' to fill in the blank.
• Let us see the meanings of the given words:
• Abstract: extract or remove (something). (निकालना या हटाना (कुछ)।)
• Add: join (something) to something else so as to increase the size, number, or amount. (आकार, संख्या या राशि बढ़ाने के लिए किसी और चीज से जुड़ना।)
• Insert: place, fit, or push (something) into something else. (किसी और चीज में जगह बनाना, फिट करना।)
• Dilute: make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it. ((एक तरल) उसमें पानी या कोई अन्य विलायक मिलाकर पतला या कमजोर बनाना।)
• From the meanings of the words, we can say that  'abstract​' is the most appropriate answer.
• Therefore, the correct answer is  'abstract​.'
  

The correct sentence: They can abstract precious medicines from ordinary substances.

Additional Information

• Let us see the Synonyms of the given words:

The correct answer is 'constant'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is about the basic principle of physics which says that energy remains unchanged.
• Hence, we need a word similar to 'unchanging' to fill the blank and it should be a noun.
• Let us see the meanings of the words from the option:
  

• Therefore, 'constant' is close in meaning to 'unchanging'.
• Hence, the correct word which can be used to fill the blank is 'constant'.
  

Correct sentence- Conservation of energy is the principle of physics according to which the energy of interacting bodies or particles in a closed system remains constant.​

Additional Information

• Let us see the SYNONYMS of the following words:
• Constant: Stable
• Correction: Rectification

The correct answer is are responsible

Key Points

• 'is responsible' should be there in place of 'are responsible'
• If two subjects are joined by 'neither...nor', 'either...or', 'not only.....but also', 'nor', 'or', 'none...but', the verb will agree with the nearest step.
  

Example: Neither Ram nor Shyam has come.

                 Either Ram or his friends have come.

• Thus, the correct sentence is: I am sure that neither Juhi nor Jaya is responsible for breaking the vase.

The correct answer is*-* This furnitures has.

Key Points

• There are some uncountable nouns (followed by a singular verb) which don't take the articles 'a/an', many, few, and plural form:​

• Furniture, scenery, luggage, temper, hair, knowledge, equipment, pottery, music, jewelry, etc.​

• Example:

• ​The sceneries at my friend's house enchanted me.

• The scenery at my friend's house enchanted me.

• As per the rule given above, 'furniture' will be used instead of 'furnitures' in the part given in the 2nd option.
  

Correct sentence: This furniture has been taken on hire for the function in the college.

Additional Information

• The nouns given below seem plural in form but in actuality are singular:
• ​news, billiards, summons, physics, measles, innings, etc.
• Example: 
• ​Physics is an interesting subject.

The correct answer is 'Not only they won'.

Key Points

• The given sentence follows a 'not only... but also' construction, used to emphasize the unexpected or surprising nature of the additional information following 'but also'.
• However, the placement of 'they' after 'not only' is incorrect.
• In correct English sentence, 'they won' should follow the phrase 'not only'.
• Putting the pronoun after 'not only' results in an error in subject-verb agreement.
• The correct formation of the sentence should be: "Not only did they win the test match, but they also broke many previous records."
• Hence, the segment 'Not only they won' is grammatically incorrect, and the corrected version is 'Not only did they win'.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 4'. 

Additional Information

• 'broke many previous records' is correctly formed. The verb 'broke' is congruent with the noun 'records' and making it grammatically accurate.
• 'the test match' is grammatically correct. There are no issues with this segment of the sentence.
• 'but they also' is correctly placed in conjunction with 'not only'. This construction creates a coordinated connection between the two sentences.

The correct answer is 'come apart.'

Key Points 

• In the given blank, we need a phrasal verb whose meaning is close to separate.​
• दिए गए रिक्त स्थान में, हमें एक phrasal verb की आवश्यकता है जिसका अर्थ अलग के करीब है।
• Let us see the meanings of the given phrasal verbs:

• Hence, the phrasal verb 'come apart' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'come apart.'
• ​​​Correct sentence: The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.

​

Additional Information 

• A phrasal verb is defined as a verb that is combined with an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning, such as ‘look after’ or ‘put somebody off’.
• Let us explore a phrasal verb with 'count':
• The phrasal verb 'count on' means to rely on.
• ​Example: I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.

The correct answer is- 'Nap'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of Doze: 
• Doze: to sleep lightly and/or for a short time. (झपकी लेना, ऊँघना।) 
• Example: He was dozing in front of the television.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Awakening: to wake up; to make somebody/something wake up. (नींद से जागना; जगाना।)
• Nap: to sleep for a short time, especially during the day. (झपकी लेना।)
• Be awake: keep awake. (जागते रहना।)
• Wakefulness: the state of being wakeful. (जाग्रत होने की अवस्था।)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word 'Doze' is similar in meaning to the option 'Nap.'

Additional Information   

• Let us see the synonym of the given options:

The correct answer is 'than hot coffee'.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'than' is incorrect.
• From the given sentence, the word 'Prefer' is usually followed by 'to' and not 'than' because the word itself means 'like something or someone more than another'.
• 'To' here refers to the relationship between orange juice and hot coffee or chilled grapes.
• Also, we use prefer "than" when the comparison is between infinitives to infinitives ( infinitives are to+ first form of the verb).
• We use prefer "to" when the comparison is between noun to noun and gerund to gerund ( gerund is V+ing form of the verb).
• Therefore, the preposition 'to' should be used in place of the preposition 'than'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Sentence: The invited guests preferred orange juice to hot coffee or chilled grapes.

The correct answer is Shashi Tharoor.

• Shashi Tharoor’s latest book “The Battle of Belonging” was formally launched at the Prabha Khaitan Foundation’s signature event Kitab.
• This is Shashi Tharoor’s 22^nd book which delves into current social, political, and cultural issues confronting India.
• Kitab is a signature event of Prabha Khaitan Foundation of Kolkata, conceptualized by Sundeep Bhutoria.

The correct answer is Wood’s Dispatch

Key Points

• Woods’ Dispatch is considered as ‘Magna-Carta’ of English Education in India.
• To date, the provisions of it have been following in the Indian education system like the Grant in aid system and affiliated institutions which were introduced after Wood’s dispatch

Charter Act of 1813

• The Charter Act of 1813 was the first concrete step towards modern education in the country. This act set aside an annual sum of Rs.1 lakh to be used in educating the ‘subjects’.

Hunter Commission (1882-83)

• Hunter Education Commission was a landmark commission appointed by Viceroy Lord Ripon headed by Sir William Wilson Hunter, had submitted its report in 1882.
• Encouragement to Primary Education by recommending the provincial revenues must be reserved for financing the development of primary education in British Indian territories. The elementary schools should be handed over to the management of municipal councils and district boards and other bodies subject to inspection and supervision by the government.
• On Secondary Education the Commission reported that secondary education was making commendable progress, particularly in Bengal
• The commission recommended that the secondary schools should be progressively handed over to the private enterprises, which should be encouraged in the form of grants-in-aid
• On Grant-in-aid for Indigenous Schools, the commission recommended grants-in-aid for the indigenous schools based on “Payments by Results”.
• The aided schools would charge lower rates of fees than those charged by the similar government aimed institutions and these schools should be allowed to employ more Indian graduates trained in European Universities.
• Emphasis on Moral and Physical Education was made.
• The commission emphasized that there has to be the exclusion of religious education.
• There should be literary and vocational training in secondary education.
• The commission brought out inadequate facilities available for female education in the country.
• Special attention should be paid to the development of education among Muslims.

Impact

• Most of its recommendations were accepted by the British Government which resulted in the devolution of elementary education.
• This significantly reduced the British element in elementary education. In 1882, the Punjab University was established
• As a result between 1882 to 1901, the number of students enrolled in primary and secondary schools increases substantially.

• Bengal Gazette, the first newspaper in India began publication in 1780 by James Augustus Hicky.
• It is also known as Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser.
• It was the first English-language newspaper published on the Indian subcontinent as well as in Asia.
• It was founded in Calcutta, capital of British India at the time, by Irishman James Augustus Hicky in 1779.
• The front-page news stories are written in British English.
• He took the policy "Open to all Parties, but Influenced by None".
• East India Company published a rivel newspaper of Bengal Gazette called India Gazette on 18th November 1780.
• This paper was famous for its sarcastic and provocative writing style.
• The paper discusses the topics like female masturbation, proto-class consciousness, right of poor, right to taxation with representation, etc.

The correct answer is Haryana.

Key Points

• This dance is named so because the word **Loor** means girl in the Bhangra area of Haryana.
• It is specially performed during the Holi festival.
• Performance-Girls usually participate in this dance wearing their traditional dress of Ghagra, Kurti, Chundri, and Chunda.
• Girls perform the Loor during the month of **Phalguna** (February/March).
• This dance marks the arrival of the pleasant spring season and with it the harvesting of the Rabi crops in the farms.

Additional Information

Some important dances of other states:

Explanation:

Elasticity is the property of a material to regain its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed. All materials are elastic to some extent but the degree varies, for example, both mild steel and rubber are elastic materials but steel is more elastic than rubber.

Modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus is the slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region.

$E = \frac{\sigma }{\epsilon}$

Steel is more elastic than rubber.

We know that Young’s modulus is the ratio of stress to strain.

If the same force is applied to the wire of steel and rubber thread, which are of equal length and cross-section area, we will find that the extension in the rubber thread is much greater than the extension in the steel wire.

Therefore, for a given stress, the strain produced in steel is much smaller than that produced in the rubber. This implies that Young’s modulus for steel is greater than that for rubber. Therefore, steel is more elastic than rubber.

The correct answer is Bimal Patel.

Key Points

• The project aims to renovate and redevelop 86 acres of land in Lutyens’s Delhi.
• In this, the landmark structures of the government, including Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan, India Gate, North Block and South Block, etc. stand.
• The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs proposed a Central Vista redevelopment project in 2019.
• The project intends to construct a triangular-shaped Parliament building next to the existing one, construction of Common Central Secretariat, revamp of the 3 kilometres long Rajpath from Rashtrapati Bhavan to India Gate.
• It also includes the conversion of North and South Blocks into museums and the development of Central Vista Avenue.
• To accommodate the offices of various ministries, 87 storied buildings will be built for the common Central Secretariat.
• Nirman Bhavan, Krishi Bhavan, and Vigyan Bhavan will be demolished under this project.
• Bimal Patel is the architect for the Rs 14,000-crore project that was given a go-head by the Supreme Court recently.

Additional Information

• Chandrakant Sompura is the architect of Ayodhya Ram Mandir.
• He prepared the design of the Ayodhya Ram Mandir in 1989.

The correct answer is Luis Suarez.

Key Points

• Luis Suarez is the star striker of the Uruguayan national soccer(Football) team who went on to play for Ajax and Liverpool before he joined the Spanish giants FC Barcelona.
• He has been the European Top Scorer and winner of the ‘Golden Boot’ award twice.
• Today he is one of the highest-paid footballers in the world with a net worth estimated at over $ 40 million. Hence option 4 is correct.

Important Points

• Lewis Hamilton:
• ​He won the Brazilian Grand Prix on 14 November 2021.
• A seven-time world champion beat Verstappen despite starting from 10th position.
• Hamilton's teammate, Valtteri Bottas, finished third and Red Bull's Sergio Perez was fourth.
• Born: 7 January 1985 (age 37 years), Stevenage, United Kingdom
• Current team: Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team
• Nationality: British, English
• Charles Leclerc:
• He is an F1 racing Ferrari car driver.
• He won the Italian Grand Prix 2019.
• Romain Grosjean:
• He ​is French-Swiss and lives in Switzerland, and is a rookie IndyCar driver for Dale Coyne Racing.
• The 35-year-old Grosjean spent 10 seasons in Formula One racing for a variety of teams, and he has competed in numerous other circuits.
• Grosjean was involved in a terrifying crash at the 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix on Nov. 29, 2020.
• His car was almost cut into two pieces, with Grosjean stuck in the front half of the chassis for nearly 30 seconds while it was engulfed by a fireball.
• He suffered burns across his body, with the worst on his hands.

The correct answer is Subroto Mukerjee.

Key Points

• Subroto Mukerjee was the first Indian ever to command a flight and a squadron in the Indian Air Force.
• He later rose in the annals of the Air Force and became the first Indian Chief of the Air Staff of independent India's Air Force.
• On 15 August 1947, when India achieved Independence, the armed forces too became independent forces. They were no longer under the British Army or the King.
• On 01 April 1954, Mukerjee took over from Air Marshal Gerald Gibbs as the Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force. At that time he was just about 43 years old.
• The task of re-equipping and restructuring the Air Force with newer aircraft & equipment was one of the biggest challenges he tackled after taking over.
• During his tenure, the Air Force inducted a variety of state-of-the-art aircraft.
• The Dassault Mystere, the Hawker Hunter, the Canberra, and even the Folland Gnat were inducted during his tenure.
• He did a commendable job in dealing with the post-independence non-violence driven defence policy.

Important Points

• Arjan Singh
• Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh, was one pilot who grew up in the annals of the Air Force as the first Chief for leading the force into war.
• He was Chief of the Air Staff when the IAF saw action in its first combat of the modern age in 1965.
• He was hardly 44 years of age when entrusted with the responsibility of leading the Indian Air Force.
• Arjan Singh was awarded the Padma Vibhushan for his leadership of the Air Force, and subsequently in recognition of the Air Force's contribution in the war.
• In recognition of his services, the Government of India conferred the rank of the Marshal of the Air Force onto Arjan Singh in January 2002 making him the first and the only 'Five Star' rank officer with the Indian Air Force.

The correct answer is Surya Kiran.

Key Points

• The "Surya Kiran" (Sun Rays) is the Indian Air Force aerobatic display team.
• The team consisted of nine BAe Hawk Mk132 aircraft from Bidar Air Base.
• The first aerobatic team in the Indian Air Force was first formed in 1982 on the occasion of the Air Force's Golden Jubilee anniversary.
• The team flew nine Hawker Hunter F.56A fighters from No.20 Squadron, which were painted in overall dark blue with white trim.
• This team received the name "Thunderbolts".
• In 2001, "Surya Kiran" made its foreign debut while performing in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Important Points

• 'Flying Bullets' is the 18th ​squadron of the Indian Air Force equipped with indigenous HAL Tejas.​
• The Indian Air Force aerobatic team Sarang (Peacock), flying on four Indian-built helicopters HAL Dhruvs, was formed on 18 March 2002, as a part of Aircraft and System Testing Establishment (ASTE) at Bangalore.
• The first public display was on 23 Feb 2004 during Asian Aerospace in Singapore.

The correct answer is Mica.

Key Points

• ​India is the largest producer of Mica in the world. It holds up to 80% of the total Mica reserves in the world.
• Mica is an important non-metallic mineral used mainly in the electrical industry as it has a great insulating property.
• It can withstand high voltage and has a low power loss factor.
• The total reserves for mica in the country are about 6.3 lakh tonnes.
• Andhra Pradesh leads with 41% of the total production followed by Rajasthan (29%).
• Zinc which is obtained from zinc blend is the metal used in Galvanization.
• Rajasthan is the largest producer of Zinc in India.
• Lead is obtained from Galena and Lead Sulphate.
• Rajasthan again is the largest producer of lead in India.
• Bauxite is the ore of aluminum and is generally found in Laterite soil.
• Odisha is the largest producer of Bauxite.

The correct answer is Delhi Metro.

Key Points

• The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation on 25 January 2022 flagged off a metro train as a part of the ongoing Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (AKAM) at the Yamuna Bank Metro Station.
• The train has been inducted into passenger services.
• It will remain in service throughout the commemorative period of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.
• The coaches have been decorated with collages of photographs and slogans depicting the history.

Important Points

• DMRC has been organising a host of activities to commemorate the ‘AzadikaAmritMahotsav - 75 years of India’s independence’ celebrations since 2021.
• The services of Delhi Metro will be partially curtailed on Republic Day as part of the security arrangements for the day as per the instructions of the Delhi Police.

Additional Information

• The Delhi Metro is a mass rapid transit system serving Delhi and its satellite cities.
• It is by far the largest and busiest metro rail system in India, and the second oldest after the Kolkata Metro.
• It began its operation on 24 December 2002.

The correct answer is 180° longitude.

Key Points

• The International Date Line is around the anti-meridian (180° longitude).
• The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth.
• It is located halfway around the world from the prime meridian—the zero degrees longitude established in Greenwich, England, in 1852.
• The International Date Line functions as a “line of demarcation” separating two consecutive calendar dates.
• The dateline generally runs north to south from pole to pole, it zigzags around political borders such as eastern Russia and Alaska’s the Aleutian Islands.

The correct answer is POPSK.

Key Points

• POPSK means ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Post Office Passport Seva Kendra.
• Department of Posts (DoP) and Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) have mutually agreed for leveraging the network of Post Office Passport Seva Kendras in order to provide passport services to citizens on a larger scale and to ensure wider area coverage for the benefits of the citizens.
• The facility has brought convenience to the general public in making passport services available in their vicinity through Post Offices and saved citizens from travelling long distances in order to obtain a Passport.
• 428 Post Office Passport Seva Kendras (POPSKs) have been set up across the country including 65 POPSKs in Aspirational Districts​.

Important Points

• Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for financial inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely, Banking/ Savings & Deposit Accounts, Credit, Remittance, etc.
• The Jan Dhan Yojana, which was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Independence Day address in 2014, was launched on August 28, in the same year.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana is a government scheme launched by the government of India to provide easy access to financial services such as Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension, Savings to the needy and poor section of our society.
• Under the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana scheme, 15 million bank accounts were opened on inauguration day.

The correct answer is Lucknow Super Giants.

Key Points

• The Lucknow franchise of the Indian Premier League will be called Lucknow Super Giants.
• The official IPL team of Lucknow, owned by RPSG Group, decided to take public opinions and the name was shared by owner Sanjiv Goenka on 24 Jan 2022.
• KL Rahul will lead the Lucknow franchise in the upcoming IPL.
• Lucknow and Ahmedabad will be the two new teams in the IPL from 2022.

Additional Information

• Important Current Affairs related to Cricket in 2021-22:
• To promote women’s empowerment, Legends League Cricket (LLC) has appointed cricketer Jhulan Goswami as an ambassador.
• India has won the U-19 Asia Cricket Cup 2021 held in Dubai, UAE in December 2021.
• South African wicket-keeper Quinton de Kock announced retirement from Test cricket on 30 December 2021.
• India has become the first Asian team to win a Test match at Centurion after beating South Africa by 113-run.
• Rishabh Pant has become the fastest Indian wicket-keeper to reach 100 dismissals in Test cricket.
• He achieved this feat against South Africa in Centurion on Dec 28, 2021.​
• Mohammed Shami has become the fifth Indian pacer to take 200 Test wickets.
• In December 2021, Rishabh Pant has been appointed as the brand ambassador of Uttarakhand.
• The International Cricket Council (ICC) has appointed Geoff Allardice as the permanent CEO of the International Cricket governing body in November 2021.
• ICC Headquarters: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• ICC Founded: 15 June 1909
• ICC Deputy Chairman: Imran Khwaja (As of Jan 2022).
• ICC Chairman: Greg Barclay (As of Jan 2022).
• In December 2021, the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI) has formed a committee for the differently-abled cricketers of the country.
• Harbhajan Singh has announced retirement from all forms of cricket in December 2021.
• He was the 1st Indian Cricketer to take Hat-trick wickets in Test Cricket.

The correct answer is AI Research SuperCluster (RSC).

Key Points

• Mark Zuckerberg has announced that Facebook’s parent company Meta is building the world’s fastest artificial intelligence supercomputer as part of plans to build a virtual metaverse.
• It would boost its capacity to process data.
• The AI supercomputer is named AI Research SuperCluster (RSC) by Zuckerberg’s Meta business.

Important Points

• RSC is currently 760 Nvidia DGX A100 systems with a total 6,080 GPUs (Graphics processing unit).
• It is the fifth most powerful supercomputer in operation right now, according to longtime ranking site Top 500.
• Supercomputers are extremely fast and powerful machines built to do complex calculations not possible with a regular home computer.
• The super computer will help its AI researchers build “new and better” artificial intelligence models that can learn from “trillions” of examples and work across hundreds of different languages simultaneously and analyze text, images and video together.

Additional Information

• According to the fresh top 500 list of supercomputers across the globe, by top500.org, there are three supercomputers resides in India.
• The three computers are PARAM Siddhi-AI, Pratyush, and Mihir.
• Only PARAM Siddhi-AI ranks in the top 100 list, and the rest of the two are in the top 200 list.

The Correct Answer is Environment Conservation.

• The global 500 awards are given as  the roll of honour for environmental achievement.

Key Points

• It was started in 1987 to recognize the environmental achievements of individuals and organizations around the world.
• The last Global 500 Roll of Honour awards were made in 2003.
• UNEP has replaced the Global 500 awards by Champions of the Earth awards in 2005.

Additional Information

• In 2018, Indian PM Narendra Modi  along with French President Emanuel Macron were jointly honoured with this award, for their efforts in promotion of solar energy.
• Costa Rica has won the award for 2019.

The correct answer is ​Telangana.

Key Points

• An E-voting experiment was conducted in the State of Telangana in Oct 2021.
• It fetched a good response from all walks of life as the plan and experiment also got much applause as it helps people to avoid the time, inconvenience, and money as well.
• The e-voting experiment was aimed to check irregularities, lapses, and increase in voting percentage and protect democratic rights to cast votes.
• The officials conducted a mock e-voting experiment at Khammam Municipality, Telangana.
• The experiment of e-voting was proved handy as 2,128 persons joined the process from 7 am to 5 pm.
• Nearly 58.6 percent of votes were polled without any interruption.
• There were no problems, delays and disruption of any sort as the voting was done in just two minutes in a hassle-free and perfect manner.

Important Points

• Electronic Voting is the standard means of conducting elections using Electronic Voting Machines, sometimes called EVMs in India.
• EVMs were commissioned in 1989 by the Election Commission of India in collaboration with Bharat Electronics and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.
• They were First introduced in Indian elections between 1998 and 2001, in a phased manner.
• Before the introduction of electronic voting, India used paper ballots and manual counting.
• The EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by-election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala.
• Electronic voting machines have been used in all general elections of India since 2014.

The correct answer is Department Of Border Management.

Key Points

• Departments under the Defence Ministry:
• ​Department of Defence (DOD)
• Department of Defence Production (DDP)
• Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (DESW)
• Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
• Department of Military Affairs (DMA)

Confusion Points

• Department of Border Management:
• In pursuance of Group of Minister's recommendations on
  

Border Management, the Department of Border Management was created in the Ministry of Home Affairs in January 2004 to pay focused attention to the issues relating to the management of international land and coastal borders, strengthening of border policing & guarding, creation of infrastructure like roads, fencing & flood lighting on the borders and implementation of Border Area  Development Programme.

Additional Information

• Departments under Finance Ministry:
• Expenditure
• Revenue
• Financial Services
• Department of Investment and Public Asset Management
• Economic Affairs
• Departments under the Ministry of Home Affairs:
• ​Department Of Border Management
• Department Of Internal Security
• Department Of Jammu, Kashmir And Ladakh Affairs
• Department Of Home
• Department Of Official Language
• Department Of States

• The scientific study of a cell is called Cytology.
• It is a branch of pathology and deals with making diagnoses of diseases and conditions through the examination of tissue samples from the body.
• Histology - It is the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs which are to be seen through a microscope.
• Physiology -  It is the branch of biology and it deals with the functions of living organisms and their parts.
• Taxonomy - It is the branch of science and deals with the classification of biological organisms. This is done on the basis of shared characteristics.

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

• The Quad Group is a grouping of India, Japan, the USA, and Australia.
• Thus, Germany is not a member of the Quad.

Why in the news?

• The meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Quad members is scheduled to take place in October in Tokyo, Japan.
• The USA has openly stated that the focus of the meeting will be on China's aggression in the Pacific region.

Additional Information

• The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (the Quad) is an informal strategic forum between the United States, Japan, Australia, and India.
• The grouping is maintained by semi-regular summits, information exchanges, and military drills between member countries.
• The forum was initiated as a dialogue in 2007 by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan, with the support of Vice President Dick Cheney of the US, Prime Minister John Howard of Australia, and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India.
• The dialogue was paralleled by joint military exercises of an unprecedented scale, titled Exercise Malabar.
• The diplomatic and military arrangement was widely viewed as a response to increased Chinese economic and military power, and the Chinese government responded to the Quad by issuing formal diplomatic protests to its members.

The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

Key Points

• West Indies's all-rounder Kieron Pollard hits six sixes in an over against Sri Lanka.
• Kieron Pollard became the third player in International cricket to hits six sixes in an over.
• He plays for Mumbai Indians in the IPL.

Additional Information

• Herschelle Gibbs was the first player to hit six sixes an over in an ODI match against the Netherlands.
• Herschelle Gibbs was a South African batsman.
• Yuvraj Singh was the second International player to hit six sixes an over in a T20 match against England.

The correct answer is Carboxylic Acids.

Key PointsCarboxylic Acids:

• ​Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are used in the production of polymers, biopolymers, coatings, adhesives, and pharmaceutical drugs.
• They also can be used as solvents, food additives, antimicrobials, and flavourings.
• These groups of organic compounds are least likely to be used in making perfumes. Esters derived from carboxylic acids are the most common.

Additional Information Aldehydes:

• ​Aldehydes and perfumery are bonded symbiotically and there is hardly a fragrance in the world that exists without them.
• These organic compounds are present in many natural materials, such as rose, vanilla orange rind, pine essence, citronella and cinnamon essential oils, and are the reason they are such pleasant smells.

Esters:

• ​Ester, is any of a class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic or inorganic acids.
• Esters that have fragrant odours are used as a constituent of perfumes, essential oils, food flavourings, cosmetics, etc.

Alcohols:

• ​Perfumers Alcohol is a special formulation that can be used by both professionals and amateurs who wish to make perfumes.
• It allows the simple addition and blending of essential oils and fragrances to produce crystal clear solutions.
• **The 3 main ingredients of perfumers alcohol are Ethanol, Isopropyl myristate, and Monopropylene glycol.**​

The correct answer is Google.

Key Points

• Google CEO Sundar Pichai received India’s third highest civilian award Padma Bhushan in 2022.
• Pichai was named among Padma awardees in the ‘trade and industry category.
• Along with him, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella was also awarded Padma Bhushan in 2022 in the same category.
• ​Below is the list of Padma Awardees 2022:

Additional Information

• Padma Vibhushan (4)

Padma Bhushan (17):

The correct answer is Ashleigh Barty.

Key Points

• Australian tennis player Ashleigh Barty defeated American Danielle Collins to win the Australian Open women's title on 29 January 2022.
• Barty is the first Australian player to win the Australian Open singles championship since 1978.
• She won the French Open in 2019 and Wimbledon in 2021 and has been the no.1 ranked female player in the world for over 100 weeks.

​

Additional Information​ 

• Spain's Rafael Nadal won the Australian Open Men's Singles final on 30 January 2022.
• With this victory, Rafael has become the first man to win 21 Grand Slam titles.
• He overtook Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic by winning this title.
• In tennis, Aslan Karatsev won the men’s singles title at the Sydney Tennis Classic final, to claim his third ATP Tour title.
• World number six Rafael Nadal won the men’s singles tennis title at the 2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1.
• French tennis player Gael Monfils has won the men’s singles event of the 2022 Adelaide International 1 to claim the 11th ATP title of his career.
• The Davis Cup 2021 was won by the Russian Tennis Federation with a 2-0 lead over Croatia in the Davis Cup final in Madrid.
• Alexander “Sascha” Zverev has won the fifth ATP title of the season (2021) and 18th overall at the Vienna Open 2021.

List of Grand Slam Winners 2021-22

The correct answer is Rio de Janeiro (1992), Brazil.

• The first "Earth Summit" for "Convention on Biological Diversity" was held at Rio de Janeiro (1992), Brazil.
• The Convention on Biological Diversity was signed at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 5th June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.
• It is an international legal instrument for "the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources".
• The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity is based in Montreal, Canada.
• It is a legally binding treaty.

Given 

The average of measure of angle ∠A and ∠B = 74°

Formula used 

In any triangle, the sum of all angles = 180° 

Total Sum = Average × Number of observations

Calculation 

According to the formula used

Sum of angles ∠A & ∠B = Average × 2

⇒ ∠A + ∠B = 74 × 2 = 148   

We know, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° 

Put the value of ∠A + ∠B, we get

⇒ 148° + ∠C = 180 

⇒ ∠C = 32° 

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

The price of petrol increased by 25%

Formula used:

% Reduction = [Change in consumption/Initial consumption] × 100

Calculation:

Let the initial price of petrol =  Rs. 100 per litre

The price is increased by 25%

⇒ New price = 100 × (125/100)

⇒ New price = Rs. 125 per litre

Let say a car owner consume 25 liters

⇒ His initial expenditure = 25 × 100 = Rs. 2500 

To maintain this expenditure, his consumption should be = 2500 ÷ 125 = 20 liters

⇒ Reduction in the consumption = 25 - 20 = 5 liters

⇒ % Reduction = (5/25) × 100 = 20%

∴ The % reduction in the consumption to maintain his expenditure is 20%.

Given:

Ram's age = 25 years

Shyam's age = 35 years

They got a lottery = Rs. 3,00,000

Calculation:

Ratio of their ages = 25 : 35 = 5 : 7

According to question

They decided to divided the lottery money in the ratio of their ages,

So, The share of Ram = 3,00,000 × 5/12

⇒ Rs. 1,25,000

And The share of Shyam = 3,00,000 × 7/12

⇒ Rs. 1,75,000

So, The required difference = 1,75,000 - 1,25,000

⇒ Rs. 50,000

∴ The difference between their share is Rs. 50,000.

Given:

A can finish a piece of work = 8 days

B can finish same work = 6 days and,

A, B, and C together finish same work = 3 days

Formula used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time 

Calculation:

Let the total work be 24 units  [LCM of 8, 6, 3]

Efficiency of A = 24/8 = 3 units/day

Efficiency of B = 24/6 = 4 units/day

Efficiency of (A + B + C) = 24/3 = 8 units/day

So, Efficiency of C = Eff. (A + B + C) - Effi. (A + B)

⇒ Efficiency of C = 8 - (3 + 4) = 1 unit/ day 

So, Time required to complete the work by C = Total work/ Efficiency of C

⇒ Required time = 24/1 = 24 days

∴ The required time to complete the work by C alone is 24 days.

Given:

A can fill a tank without leakage = 7 hours

A can fill a tank with leakage = 8 hours

Calculation:

Let the leakage empty the tank = x hours

Tank filled in 1`hour without leakage = (1/7)

Tank filled in 1 hour with leakage = (1/8)

Tank empty in 1 hour with leakage = (1/x)

According to question,

(1/8) = (1/7) - (1/x)

⇒ (1/x) = (1/7) - (1/8)

⇒ (1/x) = (8 - 7)/56

⇒ (1/x) = (1/56)

⇒ x = 56

∴ Tank empty in 56 hours due to leakage.

Given: 

A woman bought some amount of paneer,

She uses half of it on Monday,

Half of the remaining of Tuesday, and

The process going on till Thursday.

Calculation:

Let woman bought amount of panner = X

According to the question,

Monday uses = X - (X/2) = X/2

Tuesday uses = (X/2) - {(X/2)/2} = (X/2) - (X/4) = X/4

Wednesday uses = (X/4) - {(X/4)/2} = (X/4) - (X/8) = X/8

And Thursday uses = (X/8) - {(X/8)/2} = (X/8) - (X/16) = X/16

Monday to Thursday she consumed,

⇒ X/2 + X/4 +X/8 + X/16  

⇒ (8X + 4X + 2X + X)/16 = (15X)/16

Let Y% she consumed from Monday to Thursday,

So, X × Y% = (15X)/16

⇒ X × Y/100 = (15X)/16

⇒ Y = {(15X)/16} × (100/X)

⇒ Y = (1500X)/(16X) = 1500/16 = 93.75

∴ The required percentage of consumption is 93.75%.

Given:

A shopkeeper profit increased by 15%

Sale is decreased by 5%

Formula used:

When profit is x% and loss is y% then,

Net profit = (X - Y) - {(X × Y)/100}

Calculation:

Net profit = (15 - 5) - {(15 × 5)/100}

⇒ 10 - (75/100)

⇒ 10 - (3/4) = 37/4 = 9.25%

∴ Net profit is 9.25%

Given:

First 2 years rate = 3%

Next 3 years rate = 5%

Next 1 years rate = 7%

Total S.I (Simple interest) for 6 years = Rs. 840

Formula used:

S.I = (P × r × t)/100  

where P = Sum of money, r = Rate, and t = Time

Calculation:

Let Sum of money be X

First 2 years of S.I = (X × 3 × 2)/100 = 6X/100

Next 3 years of S.I = (X × 5 × 3)/100 = 15X/100

Next 1 year of S.I = (X × 7 × 1)/100 = 7X/100

According to question,

Total S.I of 6 years = Rs. 840

⇒ (6X/100) + (15X/100) + (7X/100) = 840

⇒ (6X +15X + 7X)/100 = 840

⇒ (28X)/100 = 840

⇒ X = (840 × 100)/28 = 3000

⇒ X = 3000

∴ Sum of money is Rs. 3000.

Given:

Compound Interest = Rs. 1261

Rate of interest = 5%

Time = 3 years

Formula used:

C.I (Compound interest) = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ - 1]

Calculation:

Let Sum of money be P

Since, C.I = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ - 1]

So, 1261 = P[(1 + 5/100)³ - 1]

⇒ 1261 = P[(21/20)³ - 1]

⇒ 1261 = P[(9261/8000) - 1]

⇒ 1261 = P[(9261 - 8000)/8000]

⇒ 1261 = P[1261/8000]

⇒ P = 1261 × (8000/1261)

⇒ P = 8000

∴ Sum of money is Rs.8000

Given:

Distance from A to B is 710 km,

Ram is travelling by train towards point B at speed = 50 km/hr

Shyam is travelling by bus towards point A at speed = 30 km/hr

Shyam started travelling 3 hours after Ram and

They meet at a point P after a certain time.

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let the travelling time of A be x hours 

So, the travelling time of B = (x - 3) hours

Distance covered by Ram (AP) = 50 × x 

⇒ 50x km       -----(i)

Distance covered by Shyam (BP) = 30 × (x - 3)

⇒ (30x - 90) km       -----(ii)

According to the question 

50x + (30x - 90) = 710

⇒ 80x = 800

⇒ x = 10 

Now, from equation (i), we get 

∴ Distance between point A and P = 50 × 10 = 500 km.

Given: 

A person buys 50 kgs of apple at a rate of 55 per kg

He sells 25% of it is Rs. 59 per kg.

Overall profit = 25%

Calculation:

Purchase cost of 50 kgs apple = 50 × 55 = Rs. 2750

According to the question, he sells 25% of apple 59 Rs. per kg

⇒ 25% of 50 kgs = (50 × 25)/100 = 12.5 kg

⇒ Selling price of 12.5 kgs apple = 12.5 × 59 = 737.50 Rs.

⇒ Remaining quantity of apple = 50 - 12.5 = 37.5 kg

Total profit overall process = 25%

⇒ Overall money to be earned through sale = (125/100) × 2750 = 3437.50

Money to be earned through sale of remaining 37.5 kg

⇒ 3437.50 - 737.50 = 2700 Rs.

⇒ Selling price of remaining apple = 2700/37.5

⇒ 72 Rs/kg

∴ The required rate of selling is Rs. 72 per kg.

Given 

The speed in the onward journey less than the return journey = 20% 

The total distance covered by him in to and fro journey = 2000 km

Total time of journey = 42 hrs 

Halt time before returning = 2 hrs  

Formula Used 

Average Speed = Total distance/Total time 

Average = Sum of Data/No. of data 

Calculation 

Let the onward journey speed and return journey speed be x and y 

According to the question, 

x = 80% of y 

⇒ x = (4/5) × y 

⇒ x : y = 4 : 5 

Let the ratio be a

So, x = 4a, y = 5a 

Actual Time of journey = 42 - 2 = 40 hrs 

Average Speed = 2000/40 = 50 km/hr 

So, (x + y)/2 = 50 

x + y = 100 

4a + 5a = 100 

⇒ a = 100/9 

So, onward journey's speed = x = 4a = 400/9 = 45 km/hr (approx.)

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

Given 

The cost price of 10 shirts and 5 trousers together = Rs. 10,000

A shopkeeper sells shirts at a profit of 15% and trousers at a loss of 10% and his overall gain = Rs. 275

Formula Used 

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100 

Loss% = (Loss/CP) × 100 

Calculation 

Let the cost price of shirt and trouser be x and y 

According to the question  

10x + 5y = 10000 ----(1)

And also according to the question 

10x (15/100) - 5y (10/100) = 275 

⇒ 15x - 5y = 2750 ---(2)

On adding (1) and (2), we get 

25x = 12750

⇒ x = 510

∴ The cost price of a shirt is Rs. 510.

Given 

Original Number of student = 120 

Cost of consumption increased per day = Rs 80 

Formula used 

Average = Sum of observation/No. of observation 

Calculation 

Let the average cost of each student be x 

After joined 20 student the average cost of each student be x - 5 

According to the question 

120x + 80 = 140(x - 5) 

⇒ 120x + 80 = 140x - 700 

⇒ 20x = 780 

⇒ x = 39 

∴ The initial consumption of each student is Rs 39

Given 

Speed of lift going upward = 24 floor/min.

Speed of lift going downward = 26 floor/min

Formula Used 

Relative Speed = x + y (when direction is opposite) 

Distance = Speed X Time 

Calculation 

Vikas is moving upward direction and Khushbu is moving downward 

Time they will meet each other = (35 - 10)/(24 + 26) = 1/2 min. 

Floor cover by khushbu in 1/2 min. = 26 × (1/2) = 13 floor 

They meet at floor = 35 - 13 = 22nd floor 

∴ The correct answer is option 3.

Given 

The sum of squares of three Numbers = 3325

Calculation 

N₁ : N₂ = 3 : 2 

N₂ : N₃ = 3 : 2 

N₁ : N₂ : N₃ = 3 × 3 : 2 × 3 : 2 × 2 = 9 : 6 : 4

Let the ratio be x

So, numbers are 9x, 6x and 4x  

According to the question 

(9x)² + (6x)² + (4x)² = 3325 

⇒ 81x² + 36x² + 16x² = 3325 

⇒ 133x² = 3325 

⇒ x² = 25 

⇒ x = 5 

So, N₁ = 9 × 5 = 45 

∴ The correct answer is option 4.

Given: 

A sum becomes double at compound interest = 4 years 

Calculation: 

Let the sum be P and the required time be n

According to the question 

2P = P(1 + r/100)⁴        ----(i)     

8P = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ       ----(ii)     

From (i) and (ii)

(2)^1/4 = (8)^1/n

⇒ 2ⁿ = 8⁴

⇒ 2n = 212

⇒ n =  12 

∴ The correct answer is 12 years

Given:

18 ÷ [26 - {25 - (15 - 5) ÷ 2}] of 12 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

Concept used:

Calculation:

18 ÷ [26 - {25 - (15 - 5) ÷ 2}] of 12 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

⇒ 18 ÷ [26 - {25 - 10 ÷ 2}] of 12 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

⇒ 18 ÷ [26 - {25 - 5}] of 12 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

⇒ 18 ÷ [26 - 20] of 12 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

⇒ 18 ÷ 6 of 12 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

⇒ 18 ÷ 72 + 2 - 2 ÷ 4 × 16

⇒ 1/4 + 2 - 1/2 × 16

⇒ 1/4 + 2 - 8

⇒ (1 + 8 - 32)/4

⇒ - 23/4

∴ Requried answer is - 23/4

Shortcut Trick

Using the alligation method on the fractional part of the spirit:

Spirit part in Vessel 1 = 5/6 and in Vessel 2 = 3/10.

Target mixture has half spirit, so Mean = 1/2.

Ratio = (Mean − Vessel 2) : (Vessel 1 − Mean)

Ratio = (1/2 − 3/10) : (5/6 − 1/2) = 1/5 : 1/3 = 3 : 5.

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 5.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of spirit and water in Vessel 1 = 5 : 1

Ratio of spirit and water in Vessel 2 = 3 : 7

Target mixture ratio (half spirit, half water) = 1 : 1

Formula Used:

Alligation Rule: Ratio of Quantity = (Mean Value − Cheaper Value) : (Dearer Value − Mean Value)

Vessel 1 Vessel 2 Mean

5/6 3/10 1/2 1/5 1/3

Ratio = 1/5 : 1/3 = 3 : 5

Calculations:

⇒ Fraction of spirit in Vessel 1 = 5 ÷ (5 + 1) = 5/6

⇒ Fraction of spirit in Vessel 2 = 3 ÷ (3 + 7) = 3/10

⇒ Fraction of spirit in the Target Mean Mixture = 1 ÷ (1 + 1) = 1/2

⇒ Left side difference (Vessel 1 quantity ratio) = 1/2 − 3/10 = 2/10 = 1/5

⇒ Right side difference (Vessel 2 quantity ratio) = 5/6 − 1/2 = 2/6 = 1/3

⇒ The required mixing ratio = 1/5 : 1/3

⇒ Multiplying both sides by the LCM of denominators (15) to simplify:

⇒ Required Ratio = (1/5 × 15) : (1/3 × 15) = 3 : 5

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 5.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

A practical method to find the ratio in which two ingredients at different given values must be mixed to produce a mixture of a specified mean value. It visualizes the process through a simple cross-difference diagram.

LCM Equal Proportions Trick

When combining multiple mixtures manually without alligation, calculate the total unit parts of each mixture and multiply them to match their LCM. This ensures smooth addition of the corresponding components.

Repeated Dilution Formula

If a vessel contains a units of pure liquid and b units are repeatedly drawn and replaced with water n times, the remaining pure liquid quantity = a × (1 − b/a)ⁿ.

Given:

Total students in the college = 250

The average weight of boys = 50

The average weight of girls = 45

Average of total students = 48

Concept used:

Average = Total sum of observations/Total number of observations

Calculation:

We can use allegation method to solve this problem as -

The ratio of boys to girls = 3 ∶ 2

So, the number of boys = (3/5) × 250 = 150

∴ The number of boys in the college is 150.

Here the Logic followed is,

(Letter), (Place value of letter), (Place value of letter x 2)

1. K1122 →  K, 11, 11 x 2 = 22

2. P1632 →  P,  16,  16 x 2 = 32

3) N148 →   N, 14, 14 x 2 = 28 ≠ 8 

4. D48 →   D, 4,  4 x 2 = 8

Hence, 'N148' is the odd one out here.

Hence, 'Pongal' is the odd one out here.

The logic followed here is:

Train : Yard   → The place where train is standing in rest position is called Yard.

Similarly,

Aeroplane : Hanger → The place where Aeroplane is standing in rest position is called Hanger.

Hence 'Aeroplane' is the Correct answer.

The logic followed here is,

Secunderabad: Hyderabad → Both the cities are known as the Twin City.

Similarly, 

Ahmedabad: Gandhinagar  → Both these cities are also known as the Twin city.

Hence, 'Ahmedabad: Gandhinagar' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is,

Brood : Hen → All the young birds belong to one mother so the child of Hen is called Brood.

Similarly, from the given options

Litter : Cat →  All the young animals that are born to one mother at the same time so the child of cat is called Litter.

Hence, 'Cat' is the correct answer.

Hence, 'Tofu' is the odd one out here.

Logic followed here is,

(Column 1)² + (Column 2) = (Column 3)

Row - 1 → (10)² + 5 = 100 + 5 = 105

Row - 3 →  (30)² + 15 = 915

Similarly,

Row - 2 →

⇒ (20)² + x = 420

⇒ 400 + x = 420

⇒ x = 420 - 400 = 20 

Hence, the correct answer '20'.

The Venn diagrams best represent the relationship between - Seed, Root, Leaf figures are shown below:

Here all the three things are different Root and leaf are the different parts of the Tree or plant, seed from which a new plant grows.

Hence, 'Option 2' is the correct answer.

The Venn diagrams best represent the relationship between - Seed, Root, Leaf figures are shown below:

India the county, Bihar is a state in India, Ranchi is a city in India. So Bihar and Ranchi will be separate in India.

Hence, Correct answer 'option 4'.

Given: MIRACLE is coded as NKUEHRL

Logic: 

Similarly,

Hence, HCPFQK is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Here two fathers - A and D

Three brothers - A, B and F

Clearly, E is the mother.

Hence, ‘E’ is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Drawing the family tree as the given information:

Clearly, Rohit is father of the girl in the photograph.

Hence, ‘Father’ is the correct answer.

i) Puja went 15 km to the North.

ii) Then she turned west and covered 10 km.

iii) Then, she turned south and covered 5 km.

iv) Finally turning to east, she covered 10 km to reach Mathura railway station.

Drawing the Diagram as per the given information:

Thus we can see railway station is in the North direction from her house.

Hence, the correct answer is "North".