SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 1st December 2021 Shift 1)

The logic followed here is :-

Second number × 13 = First number

• 195 : 15 → 15 × 13 = 195
• ? : 19 → 19 × 13 = 247
• 273 : 21 → 21 × 13 = 273

Hence, the correct answer is "247".

The logic followed here is :-

1) FLO

2) LRU

3) PVY

4) GMQ

∴ Here, 'GMQ' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "GMQ".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "CHL".

The figure that can replace the question mark(?) in the following series is as shown below :

• On top left corner of 1^st and 3^rd figure is darken, 2^nd and 4^th figure is un darken.
• Line pointed at middle of top left corner then moves to below left corner and repeats from figure to figure.
• In below right corner rectangle boxes are added +1 and alternate boxes are darken from below from figure to figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

Sum of first three letters of given word - Sum of last three letter of given word.

'GINGER' is coded as '30 - 30'.

= (7 + 9 + 14) - (7 + 5 + 18)

= 30 - 30

And

'RADISH' is coded as '23 - 36'.

= (18 + 1 + 4) - (9 + 19 + 8)

= 23 - 36

Similarly,

'TOMATO' will be coded as :

= (20 + 15 + 13) - (1 + 20 + 15)

= 48 - 36

Hence, the correct answer is "48 - 36".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

5. Tamable
6. Tamagotchi
7. Tamale
8. Tamarack
9. Tamarind

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 2, 1, 4, 3".

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at AB is as shown below :-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :

Alphabet positional values are arranged in increasing order.

ZOMBIE is written as BEIMOZ.

And

FLEX is written as EFLX.

Similarly,

PRODUCT will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "CDOPRTU".

The logic followed here is :-

SANITY : OBTZUJ

Similarly,

FOSTER : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "TPGSFU".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some mobile phones are tablets → True (As All smartphones are mobile phones and Some tablets are smartphones so, Some mobile phones are tablets is true)

II. Some mobile phones are smartphones → True (As All smartphones are mobile phones so, Some mobile phones are smartphones is true)

∴ Here, Both conclusions I and II are true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

According to the given information,

The given expression is :

'S + P + R @ Q & T & V' → S is father of P, P is father of R, R is brother of Q, Q is daughter of T, T is daughter of V.

∴ Here, P is son-in-law of V.

Hence, the correct answer is "Son-in-law".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "360".

The given dice 1 and dice 2 is as shown below :

The six faces of which are numbered from 1 to 6.

From dice 1 and dice 2, '5' is adjacent of 1, 2, 3, 4.

So, the 5 will be opposite face '6'.

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

Given :- R _ T _ T U _ _ R U _ S _ S T

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) SSTURR → R S T - S T U - T U R - U R S - R S T

• Here, the last two letter in each set is repeating in the next set as first two letters and third letter is next alphabet of previous letter in the particular set.

2) SRTURU → R S T - R T U - T U R - U R S - U S T

3) STURSR → R S T - T T U - U R R - U S S - R S T

4) URTSSR → R U T - R T U - T S R - U S S - R S T

Hence, the correct answer is "SSTURR".

The logic followed here is :-

In a column, First number³ + Second number² = Third number

Column 1) : 

= 5³ + 8²

= 125 + 64

= 189

Column 2) :

= 6³ + 7²

= 216 + 49

= 265

Column 3) :

= 7³ + 9²

= 343 + 81

= 424

Hence, the correct answer is "424".

After unfolding the given paper the figure formed is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

There are two computer rooms, Lab A and Lab B.

Let us consider, 

Students in Lab A = X

Students in Lab B = Y

If 10 students are sent from Lab A to Lab B, then the number of students in each room will be the same.

⇒ X - 10 = Y + 10

⇒ X - Y = 20 ............ (1)

If 26 students are sent from Lab B to Lab A, then the number of students in Lab A will be triple the number of students in Lab B.

⇒ X + 26 = 3(Y - 26)

⇒ X + 26 = 3Y - 78

⇒ X = 3Y - 104 .......... (2)

Substitute eqn (2) in equ (1) So, we get

⇒ X - Y = 20

⇒ 3Y - 104 - Y = 20

⇒ 2Y = 124

⇒ Y = 62

∴ Here, Number of students in Lab B taken as Y = 62

Hence, the correct answer is "62".

The logic followed here is :-

'DEACTIVATION' is written as 'CAEDAVITNOIT'.

Similarly,

'FACILITATION' will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "ICAFATILNOIT".

Six poets, A, B, C, D, E and F, are sitting opposite to each other in a circle, facing towards the centre.

1) A is opposite to E.

2) C is opposite to B and A is adjacent to C and B is sitting immediate right to D.

3) F is adjacent to E.

∴ Here, 'E' is 5^th to the left of 'B'.

Hence, the correct answer is "E".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "157.5".

Arpita, Chetan, Insiya, Lohita, Manuvi and Yukti are sitting around a circular table facing its centre.

1) Chetan is sitting to the immediate right of Manuvi and Yukti is sitting second to the right of Manuvi.

2) Arpita is sitting between Insiya and Yukti.

∴ Here, 'Insiya' is sitting between Lohita and Aprita.

Hence, the correct answer is "Insiya".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is as shown below :

• All Trucks can be Vehicles.
• All Cars can be Vehicles.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is :-

Sweater is made from wool.

Similarly,

Coin is made from metal.

Hence, the correct answer is "Metal".

The figure embedded in the given options is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Given expression : 12 A 9 C (17 B 6) B 24 A (28 D 7) = ?

After replacing the symbols in place of alphabets the expression is as follows : 12 + 9 × (17 - 6) - 24 + (28 ÷ 7)

= 12 + 9 × (17 - 6) - 24 + (28 ÷ 7)

= 12 + 9 × 11 - 24 + 4

= 12 + 99 - 24 + 4

= 115 - 24

= 91

Hence, the correct answer is "91".

The correct answer is Iqta.

Key Points

• The Iqta System or Iqtadari System was introduced by Shamsuddin Iltutmish of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Iqtadari System was a powerful instrument for centralization.
• Iqtadari System was based on the division of territories between Sultans and Nobility.
• The agricultural and land revenue system of the early Turkish Sultans was based on the Iqta (assignment of land revenue) and Kharaj (Land Revenue).
• Under Iqta System, the land of the empire was divided into several large and small tracts called Iqta and assigned these Iqtas to his soldiers, officers and nobles.
• In the beginning, an Iqta was based upon salary.
• Later, under Firoz Shah Tughlaq it became hereditary.
• Alauddin Khilji suddenly abolished the system of small Iqtas and brought them under the central Government.
• This was regarded as one of the most important agrarian reforms of Alauddin Khilji.

The correct answer is Viviparous.

Key Points 

• Viviparous animals are organisms that give birth to live offspring**/children**.
• Man is a viviparous animal.
• The female of the species takes on the responsibility of giving birth to the new offspring.
• Fertilization and embryo development are completed inside the female reproductive organ.
• Once fetal development is complete, the mother (female of the species) gives birth to the offspring.

Additional Information 

• Frogs, lizards, and fish are oviparous animals.
• Oviparous animals produce offspring after their eggs hatch.
• Oviparous animals are distinguished by the external development of embryos.
• There are four significant types of viviparous animals:
• Histotrophic viviparity- where the new offspring are produced in the oviducts and get nutrition by eating their siblings, called adelphophagy.
• Hemotrophic viviparity- is some primitive version of the placenta that acts as a channel for the child to get nutrients from the mother.
• Placental viviparity-where the mothers provide nutrients to the offspring through the placenta till their developmental stage can tolerate the outside environment.
• Ovoviviparity- is also known as the extended oviparous stage, where the progenitor gives birth to live offspring after keeping the eggs in their egg sac over extended periods.

The correct answer is the Ministry of Education.

Key Points

• Education Ministry is organising a 2-day conclave on School Education in 21^st Century under Shikshak Parv starting 10 September 2020, through online medium.
• On the first day of the Conclave, the focus will be on Principal and Teacher practitioners, who will discuss how they have already implemented certain themes of the NEP in creative ways.
• PM Modi will address the conclave on 11 September 2020.

Additional Information

• President Ram Nath Kovind will also confer the awards to 44 awardees through virtual mode on the Teacher's Day.
• The National Awards to Teachers were first instituted in 1958 to recognize excellence and commitment of teachers.
• ​The Prime Minister will launch five initiatives of the Department on 7^th September 2021.
• These include:
• Indian Sign Language dictionary of 10 thousand words,
• Talking Books the audio books for visually impaired,
• School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework SQAAF of CBSE,
• NISTHA teachers’ training programme for NIPUN Bharat and
• Vidyanjali Portal for facilitating education volunteers or donors or CSR contributors for school development.

The correct answer is Rani Rampal.

Key Points

• Rani Rampal has been nominated for the ‘World Games Athlete of the Year’ Award, 2019 by the International Hockey Federation (FIH).
• 'World Games Athlete of the Year' award has been the first time won by a hockey player.
• Rani Rampal has received Padmashree award, one of the highest civilian awards of our country in 2020.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Fourth.

Key Points

• In November 2020, India became the fourth country to have its own independent regional navigational satellite system.
• The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) has been accepted as a component of the World Wide Radio Navigation System (WWRNS) for operation in the Indian Ocean Region by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
• IRNSS is an independent regional navigation satellite system being developed by India. It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, which is its primary service area.

Additional Information

• An Extended Service Area lies between primary service area and area enclosed by the rectangle from Latitude 30 deg South to 50 deg North, Longitude 30 deg East to 130 deg East.
• IRNSS will provide two types of services, namely, Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which is provided to all the users and Restricted Service (RS), which is an encrypted service provided only to the authorised users.
• The IRNSS System is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 m in the primary service area.
• Some applications of IRNSS are:
• Terrestrial, Aerial and Marine Navigation
• Disaster Management
• Vehicle tracking and fleet management
• Integration with mobile phones
• Precise Timing
• Mapping and Geodetic data capture
• Terrestrial navigation aid for hikers and travellers
• Visual and voice navigation for drivers
• The IRNSS Signal-in-Space Interface Control Document for Standard Positioning Service (SPS) is released to the public to provide the essential information on the IRNSS signal-in-space, to facilitate research & development and aid the commercial use of the IRNSS signals for navigation-based applications.

The correct answer is Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande.

Key Points 

• Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande was an Indian musicologist, Indian sitarists and prominent musicians, in the early 20^th century, developed a notation system and classified the musical practices of the Indian subcontinent that continued to grow from earlier oral tradition.
• He was responsible for writing the first modern treatise on Hindustani classical music.

Additional Information

• Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande started the famous Madhav music school in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh in 1918 with the help of the Rajas of Gwalior. 
• He reclassified Ragas into thaat system.
• He composed several Bandish which was like the grammar of ragas.
• He published a book called Swar Malika describing ragas.
• He also published Shri Mallakshaya Sangeetam in Sanskrit under his pen name Chatur Pandit.
• Ustad Sidhhar Khan Dhadhi was the founder of Delhi Gharana, the first and fundamental Gharana of Tabla.

The correct answer is Kneecap

Key Points

• Babies are born without the kneecap (or patella).
• The kneecap starts out as cartilage and starts significantly hardening into bone between the ages of 2 and 6 years old.
• In most cases, several areas of cartilage in the knee begin to harden at the same time and eventually fuse together to form one solid bone.
• When babies are born, some of their “bones” are technically cartilage that eventually hardens into bone as they grow.
• Adults still have some cartilage, but far less than newborns.
• Most of the cartilage in adults is located at the ends of bones to help them to glide smoothly over each other at the joints.
• Cartilage also gives a flexible shape and structure to places like the ears and nose.

Additional Information

• A baby's body has about 300 bones at birth.
• These in the end fuse (grow together) to form the 206 bones that adults have.
• Some of a baby's bones are made entirely of a special material known as cartilage.
• ​Newborns come in a range of healthy sizes.
• Most babies born between 37 and 40 weeks weigh somewhere between 5 pounds, 8 ounces (2,500 grams) and 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000 grams).
• Newborns who are lighter or heavier than the average baby are normally fine.
• As well 9 out of 10 babies born at term (37 to 40 weeks) weight between 2.5kg and 4.5kg.

The correct answer is Action against environmental crimes.

Key Points

• Operation Thunder 2020  is related to Action against environmental crimes.
• It resulted in more than 2,000 seizures of wildlife and forestry products.
• In total, 699 offenders were apprehended and at least one INTERPOL Red Notice has already been requested based on information gained during the operation.

Additional Information

• The India Customs intercepted an 18-tonne shipment of red sandalwood destined for the United Arab Emirates, during a month-long “Operation Thunder 2020”, coordinated by the Interpol and the World Customs Organisation, which involved law enforcement agencies in 103 countries.
• The operation against environmental crime was held from September 14 to October 11.
• It resulted in large seizures of protected wildlife and forestry specimens and products, triggering arrests and investigations worldwide.
• “Focusing on pre-identified routes and hotspots, ‘Operation Thunder 2020’ resulted in more than 2,000 seizures of wildlife and forestry products.

The correct answer is Shiva.

Key Points

• Elephanta Caves  are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a collection of cave temples predominantly dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva.
• The 'City of Caves', on an island in the Sea of Oman close to Bombay, contains a collection of rock art linked to the cult of Shiva.
• The Elephanta Caves are located in Western India on Elephanta Island (otherwise known as the Island of Gharapuri), which features two hillocks separated by a narrow valley.
• The Elephanta Caves are considered to be a contribution by the Kalachuris and the latest rules to contribute were the Rashtrakutas.

The correct answer is Finance Ministry.

Key Points

• They provide direct credit assistance to rural households:
• Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
• Land Development Banks (LDBs)
• Agricultural Trader
• Cooperative Credit Societies

Additional Information 

• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is a statutory body, established in 1982 under the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981.
• It was set up on the recommendation of the B. Sivaraman Committee.
• Objective: The main agenda behind its establishment is to promote agricultural and rural development and provide refinance facilities to Commercial banks, State Cooperative Banks, Central Cooperative Banks, Regional Rural Banks, and Land Development Banks.
• It supervises RRBs, State Cooperative Banks, and District Central Cooperative Banks.

The correct answer is Angel's trumpet.

Key Points

• Angel's trumpet is a night blooming flower.
• All parts of angel's trumpets are considered poisonous and contain the alkaloids atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine.
• Ingestion of the plants can cause disturbing hallucinations, paralysis, tachycardia, and memory loss and can be fatal.
• Their large, fragrant flowers give them their common name of angel's trumpets, a name sometimes used for the closely related genus Datura.

Additional Information

• Gazania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Southern Africa.
• Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum) is a non-native annual in the mallow family (Malvaceae).

The correct answer is 25 Lakh.

Key Points

• The prize money for the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award has been increased to Rs 25 lakh from the previous amount of Rs 7.5 lakh.
• Arjuna Award has been enhanced to Rs 15 lakh from Rs 5 lakh.
• The Dhronacharya (Lifetime) awardees, who were earlier given Rs 5 lakh, will now be richer by Rs 15 lakh.
• Dhronacharya (Regular) winners will be given Rs 10 lakh instead of Rs 5 lakh.

Additional Information 

• The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award was instituted in the year 1991-92.
• The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna named to “Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna” in 2021.
• It is India’s highest honour given for achievement in sport.
• The award is named after the late Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India.
• It carries a medal, a scroll of honour, and a cash component of 25 lakh.
• The Khel Ratna is conferred for outstanding sporting performance, whether by an individual or a team, across all sporting disciplines in a given year.

The correct answer is Estuary.

Key Points

• An estuaryis a partially confined coastal water body where salt water from oceans mix with fresh water from rivers and streams.
• It is a coastal area where a river meets the ocean.
• It is strongly affected by tidal actions and is very rich in nutrients and consequently very rich in biodiversity too.
• The organisms here are highly tolerant and many species are endemic. The ecosystem is known to have high food productivity.
• However this ecosystem has to be protected from pollution.

Additional Information

• A delta extends a river's mouth into the body of water into which it is emptying.
• A delta is sometimes divided into two parts: subaqueous and subaerial.
• A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.
• A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a narrow landform, such as reefs, barrier islands, barrier peninsulas, or isthmuses.

The correct answer is Quorum in Parliament.

Key Points

• Quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present in the House before it can transact any business. It is 1/10 of the total strength of the House
• The Quorum refers to the number of members that must be present for a house meeting to take place.
• For both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Constitution established a quorum of one-tenth of the total membership.
• Thus, at least 55 members must be present to hold a Lok Sabha session, while at least 25 members must be present to conduct a Rajya Sabha sitting.
• If a quorum is not present, the Speaker must adjourn the House or postpone the meeting until a quorum is present.

Additional Information

• Following provisions are amended by Simple Majority of Parliament:
• 2^nd Schedule
• 5^th Schedule
• 6^th Schedule
• Quorum in Parliament
• Delimitation of constituencies.

The correct answer is Ghatprabha.

Key Points

• It originates from the Mahabaleshwar, Western Ghats.
• The tributaries of the river are 
• Tungabhadra,
• Mallaprabha,
• Koyna,
• Bhima,
• Ghataprabha,
• Yerla,
• Warna,
• Dindi,
• Musi, and
• Dudhganga.
• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Koyna Hydroelectric Project, Almatti Dam, Srisailam Dam and Bhadra Dam is on the Krishna river.

Additional Information

• Pranhita is a tributary of river Godavari.
• It is a combined flow of rivers Wainganga, Penganga, Wardha.
• Tributaries of River Godavari are Pravara, the Purna, the Manjra, the Penganga, the Wardha, the Wainganga, the Indravati, the Maner and the Sabri.

The correct answer is  Aryna Sabalenka.

Key Points

• Aryna Sabalenka won the Linz Open on November 16, 2020.
• The 22-year old Belarusian traded places with Serena Williams who has dropped to 11^th in the ranking.
• Aryna Sabalenka is a Belarusian Tennis player.
• She has been ranked at number 9 in singles and number 2 in doubles by the Women Tennis Association.
• Aryna Sabalenka won her first Grand Slam at the 2019 US Open.
• She has won twelve Women Tennis Association (WTA) titles.

Additional Information

• Sofia Anna "Sonya" Kenin is an American professional tennis player.
• Serena Jameka Williams is an American inactive professional tennis player.
• Elise Mertens is a Belgian professional tennis player.

The correct answer is 2019.

Key Points 

• Unregulated Deposit Schemes were banned in India by the 'Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Act, 2019'.
• Parliament has passed the Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Bill, 2019, which seeks to put in place a mechanism by which poor depositors will get back their hard-earned money.
• The Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Bill, 2019 was introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister of Finance, Ms. Nirmala Sitharaman, on July 19, 2019.
• It also seeks to amend three laws, i.e., the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, and the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002.
• Unregulated Deposit Scheme:
• The Bill bans unregulated deposit schemes. A deposit-taking scheme is defined as unregulated if it is taken for a business purpose and is not registered with the regulators.

Additional Information 

• Competent Authority:
• ​The Bill provides for the appointment of one or more government officers, not below the rank of Secretary to the state or central government, as the Competent Authority.
• The Competent Authority will have powers similar to those vested in a civil court.
• The Competent Authority may:
• provisionally attach the property of the deposit taker, as well as all deposits received
• summon and examine any person it considers necessary for the purpose of obtaining evidence
• orders the production of records and evidence
• The Bill will help to tackle the menace of illicit deposit-taking activities (Ponzi Schemes/Chit Funds) in the country, which at present are exploiting regulatory gaps and lack of strict administrative measures to dupe people of their savings.

The correct answer is Mumbai.

Key Points

• The headquarter of SEBI is situated in Mumbai.
• The regional offices of SEBI are located in Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Chennai, and Delhi.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India:
• It is a statutory body.
• It was established on April 12, 1992, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
• Its basic functions are to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote and regulate the securities market.

Additional Information 

Power and functions of SEBI:

• SEBI is a quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial body that can draft regulations, conduct inquiries, pass rulings, and impose penalties.
• It functions to fulfill the requirements of three categories:
• Issuers – By providing a marketplace in which the issuers can increase their finance.
• Investors – By ensuring safety and supply of precise and accurate information.
• Intermediaries – By enabling a competitive professional market for intermediaries.

The correct answer is Meghalaya.

Key Points 

• Laho dance belongs to the state of Meghalaya in India.
• It is performed during the Behdienkhlam festival.
• It is performed by both men and women.
• Jaintia tribe perform this dance festival.
• Derogata ,Dodrua, Shad nongkrem are some of the dance festivals of Meghalaya.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ramayana.

Key Points

• Nepalese poet, Bhanubhakta Acharya, is famous for translating Ramayana from Sanskrit into Nepali language.
• He is known as ‘Adikavi’ for laying down the foundation stone of the Nepali language.
• He was the first writer to translate the great epic Ramayana from Sanskrit to Nepali.
• His birth anniversary is known as 'Bhanu Jayanti' & is celebrated by the people of Nepal, Darjeeling, and Sikkim.

Additional Information

• Kambana translated the Ramayana into Tamil.
• Dara Shikoh translated the Bhagavad-gita and Upanishads into the Persian language.
• Ramayana and Singhasan Batisi were translated by Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni into Persian.

The correct answer is 1.5 lakh.

Key Points

• As announced in the Union Budget 2020, an amount up to ₹ 1.5 lakh can be claimed as deduction on interest paid on loans taken for purchase of electric vehicles.
• A deduction for interest payments up to Rs 1,50,000 is available under Section 80EEB.
• An individual taxpayer may have an electric vehicle for personal use or for business use.
• This deduction would facilitate individuals having an electric vehicle for personal use to claim the interest paid on the vehicle loan.

Additional Information

• Budget and Constitutional Provisions
• According to Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, the Union Budget of a year is referred to as the Annual Financial Statement (AFS).
• It is a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government in a financial year (which begins on 01 April of the current year and ends on 31 March of the following year). In addition to it, the Budget contains:
• Estimates of revenue and capital receipts,
• Ways and means to raise the revenue,
• Estimates of expenditure,
• Details of the actual receipts and expenditure of the closing financial year and the reasons for any deficit or surplus in that year, and
• The economic and financial policy of the coming year, i.e., taxation proposals, prospects of revenue, spending programme and introduction of new schemes/projects.

The correct answer is Bricks.

Key Points

• Bricks found at the site of Harappa, did engineers take away to build the first railway lines in Punjab in present-day Pakistan.
• To them, it seemed like a mound that was a rich source of ready made, high quality bricks.
• So they carried off thousands of bricks from the walls of the old buildings of the city to build railway lines.
• Many buildings were completely destroyed.
• Then, about eighty years ago, archaeologists found the site, and realised that this was one of the oldest cities in the subcontinent.
• As this was the first city to be discovered, all other sites from where similar buildings (and other things) were found were described as Harappan Civilization.
• These cities developed about 4700 years ago.

Additional Information

• Harappa was situated on the banks of the river Ravi.
• The Indus Valley civilization was discovered first in 1921 at the modern site of Harappa situated in the province of West Punjab in Pakistan.
• The city lies on the banks of the river Ravi, a left-bank tributary of river Indus.
• Harappan civilization is also known as Indus Valley Civilization for being situated on and around the banks of the Indus river.
• It flourished around 2,500 BCE in the western part of South Asia, in contemporary Pakistan, western India, and parts of Afghanistan.

The correct answer is Sharqi Dynasty - Punjab.

Key Points

• The Sharqi Dynasty was founded by a slave of Indian origin (Malik Sarwar).
• In 1389, Malik Sarwar received the title of Khwajah-i-Jahan and Malik-Us-Sharqi.
• In 1394, he was appointed as the governor of Jaunpur and received his title of Malik-us-Sharq from Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah Tughluq.
• Hence it is not related to Punjab.

Additional Information

• The Ahom dynasty ruled over present-day Assam.
• The dynasty ruled over Assam for almost 6 centuries from 1228 to 1826.
• The founder of the Ahom dynasty was Sukhapaa who came from Mong Mao, Mong Mao was a small medieval state located on present-day Myanmar-China border.
• The rule of the dynasty ended in the Burmese invasion of Assam in 1826.
• Kapilendra Deva was the founder of the Suryavamsa Gajapati dynasty that ruled parts of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh in the 15^th century.
• He had staged a military coup against the preceding and the last Eastern Ganga dynasty ruler Bhanu Deva IV and overtook the throne.
• Mewar or Mewad is a region in the south-central part of Rajasthan state of India. 
• Mewar was founded by Bappa Rawal, formerly a chieftain of the Mori king of Chittor, who acquired control of Chittor in c. 728.

The correct answer is Raghuram Rajan.

Key Points

• The former RBI governor Raghuram Rajan authored the book 'Saving Capitalism from the Capitalist'
• Raghuram G. Rajan is the Katherine Dusak Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago.
• He was Governor of the Reserve Bank of India between 2013 and 2016.
• Notable works: 
• I Do What I Do.
• Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists.
• What the Economy Needs Now

Additional Information

• Bimal Jalan is a former Governor of Reserve Bank of India.
• He was a nominated member of the Upper House of India's Parliament, the Rajya Sabha during 2003–2009.
• Urjit Patel is an Indian economist, who formerly served as the 24^th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
• Shaktikanta Das is currently serving as the 25^th governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
• He was earlier a member of the Fifteenth Finance Commission and India's Sherpa to the G20.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• As per the India state of forest report 2019, Madhya Pradesh is the state which has the largest forest cover (area-wise).
• Area wise largest forest cover in the country:
• Madhya Pradesh
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Chhattisgarh
• Odisha
• Maharashtra​
• The top three states show an increase in forest area:
• Karnataka (1,025 sq km)
• Andhra Pradesh (990 sq km)
• Kerala (823 sq km)

Additional Information

• India State of Forest Report 2019 is the 16^th biennial assessment of India's forests by the Forest Survey of India.
• FSI undertakes the National Forest inventory to assess the growing stock in forests and TOF, bamboo resource, carbon stock and to assess the dependence of the people living in Forest Fringe Villages for fuelwood, fodder, small timber, and bamboo.
• The 2019 report for the first time has assessed the qualitative nature of the forest cover, including listing its biodiversity and the type of plants and trees found.
• It also created a national forest inventory for the first time on produce from forests.
• Forest Cover (Percentage): Mizoram (85.4%)> Aruncachal Pradesh(79.63%)> Meghalaya (76.33%).

Calculation:

Total discount given = ₹1422 - ₹1264 = ₹158

Discount percentage = $158\over1422$ × 100 = 11.11%

The discount percentage offered is 11.11%.

Shortcut Trick

Overall Average of 9 numbers = 20.6

Deviation of first 3 numbers = 3 × (26.1 − 20.6) = +16.5

Deviation of next 3 numbers = 3 × (15.2 − 20.6) = −16.2

Net deviation of 6 numbers = +16.5 − 16.2 = +0.3

To balance, the remaining 3 numbers must have a deviation of −0.3, i.e., −0.1 per number.

Average of remaining numbers = 20.6 − 0.1 = 20.5

∴ The correct answer is 20.5.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average of 9 numbers = 20.6

Average of first 3 numbers = 26.1

Average of next 3 numbers = 15.2

Formula Used:

Sum = Average × Count

Calculations:

⇒ Total Sum of 9 numbers = 9 × 20.6 = 185.4

⇒ Sum of first 3 numbers = 3 × 26.1 = 78.3

⇒ Sum of next 3 numbers = 3 × 15.2 = 45.6

⇒ Sum of remaining 3 numbers = 185.4 − (78.3 + 45.6)

⇒ Sum of remaining 3 numbers = 185.4 − 123.9 = 61.5

⇒ Average of remaining 3 numbers = 61.5 ÷ 3 = 20.5

∴ The correct answer is 20.5.

Additional Information

Net Deviation Rule

The sum of deviations of all observations from their arithmetic mean is always zero (Σ(x − x̄) = 0).

Combined Average Formula

If two groups have sizes n₁, n₂ and averages A₁, A₂, then the combined average is (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Weighted Average

When different groups have different counts, the weighted average must be used to find the overall mean of the data set.

Given:

Hari bought two articles A and B for a total of ₹1,250

Loss (LA) = 20%

Profit (LB) = 15%

Formula used: 

$SP = \frac{(100 - Loss\%)}{100} × CP$

$SP = \frac{(100 + Gain\%)}{100} × CP$

SP = Selling Price, CP = Cost Price

Calculation:

Let, The cost price of A is x

The cost price of B is (1250 - x)

SPA = $\frac{(100 - 20)}{100} × x$

SP_A = 4x/5

SP_B = $\frac{(100 + 15)}{100} × (1250 - x)$

SPB = $\frac{23}{20} × (1250 - x)$

According to the question,

The selling price of B was ₹75 less than two times that of A

∴ (2 × 4x/5) - (1250 - x) × 23/20 = 75

⇒ (8x/5) - (1250 × 23/20) + (23x/20) = 75

⇒ (11x/4) = 75 + 2875/2

⇒ 11x = 6050

⇒ x = 550

∴ The cost price of A was Rs. 550.

Calculation:

12.5% = 1/8 = 0.125

Cost of the shirts after discount = 0.875 × ₹ 8,400 = ₹ 7,350

Cost of each shirt = 7350/6 = ₹1,225

Total shirts that can be bought for ₹ 4,900 = 4900/1225 = 4 

∴ 4 shirts could be bought for ₹ 4,900.

Given:

The average marks of 100 students were 80.

The average marks of the top 15 students is 84

and the average of the bottom 15 students is 74.

Concept Used:

No. of students × Average marks = Total obtained marks of the students

Calculation:

The total marks of 100 students = 100 × 80

⇒ 8000 

The total marks of Top 15 students = 84 × 15

⇒ 1260

The total marks of Bottom 15 students =  74 × 15  

⇒ 1110 

So, total number of  (15 + 15)  = 30 students

⇒ Total marks of those 30 students = (1260 + 1110)

⇒ 2370

Total number of  remaining students = (100 - 30)

⇒ 70 students

Total marks of remaining 70 students = Total marks of 100 students - Total marks of 30 students

⇒ (8000 - 2370)

⇒ 5630

So, the average marks of the remaining 70 students = 5630/70 = 80.43

∴ The average marks of the remaining  students is 80.43

Formula:

Volume of the water tank = π × r² × h

Where, "r" and "h" are the radius and height of the tank.

Concept:

The amount of maximum water that can be poured into the empty tank would be equal to the volume of the cylindrical tank.

Calculation:

Substituting the values in the equation, we get-

⇒ Volume of the tank = $22\over7$ × 20 × 20 × 7 = 8800 m3

∴ The tank can hold a maximum capacity of 8800 m3 water.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of present incomes X : Y = (4 × 4/3) : (5 × 3/2)

⇒ Present Ratio = 16/3 : 15/2 = 32 : 45

Total units = 32 + 45 = 77

Given, 77 units = ₹15,400 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹200

Present income of X = 32 × 200 = ₹6,400

∴ The correct answer is ₹6,400.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of incomes last year (X : Y) = 4 : 5

Ratio of X's income (Last : Present) = 3 : 4

Ratio of Y's income (Last : Present) = 2 : 3

Sum of present incomes = ₹15,400

Formula Used:

Present Income = (Last Year Income ÷ Last Year Ratio Part) × Present Ratio Part

Calculations:

⇒ Let last year incomes of X and Y be 4k and 5k respectively.

⇒ Present income of X = 4k × (4 ÷ 3) = 16k/3

⇒ Present income of Y = 5k × (3 ÷ 2) = 15k/2

⇒ Ratio of present incomes = (16k/3) : (15k/2)

⇒ Multiply by 6 (LCM of 3 and 2) to simplify ratio: (16/3 × 6) : (15/2 × 6) = 32 : 45

⇒ Sum of ratio parts = 32 + 45 = 77 units

⇒ 77 units = ₹15,400

⇒ 1 unit = ₹15,400 ÷ 77 = ₹200

⇒ Present income of X = 32 units = 32 × 200 = ₹6,400

∴ The correct answer is ₹6,400.

Additional Information

Compounded Ratio

The ratio of the products of the corresponding terms of two or more ratios is called a compounded ratio. For ratios a:b and c:d, it is (a×c):(b×d).

Effective Change Multiplier

To find the current value from a previous value given a ratio (Old:New = m:n), multiply the previous value by the factor (n/m).

Proportional Distribution

If a total quantity S is divided in the ratio a:b, then the share of the first part is [a ÷ (a+b)] × S.

Calculation:

Finding the HCF of 273, 312 and 351 through the prime factorization method, we get-

⇒ 273 = 3 × 7 × 13 

⇒ 312 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 13

⇒ 351 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 13

Thus, HCF of the numbers is 3 × 13 = 39

Hence, the HCF of the numbers lies between 35 and 40.

The HCF of the numbers lies between 35 and 40.

Given:

0.25 : x :: 5 : 6

Calculation:

The given proportion can also be written as,

$\frac{0.25}{x}$ = $\frac{5}{6}$

On cross multiplying, we get

⇒   x = (6 × 0.25) / 5

⇒   x = 0.3

∴ The value of x is 0.3

Concept:

We would use the concept of BODMAS-

Calculation:

 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [76 ÷ 5 of 19 - 15 ÷ 8 × (21 - 25) - 3] ÷ 53

⇒  60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [76 ÷ 5 of 19 - 15 ÷ 8 × -4 - 3] ÷ 53

⇒ 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [76 ÷ 95 - 15 ÷ 8 × -4 - 3] ÷ 53

⇒ 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [$4\over5$ - $15\over8$ × -4 - 3] ÷ 53

⇒ 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [$4\over5$ + $15\over2$ - 3] ÷ 53

⇒ 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [$83\over10$ - 3] ÷ 53

⇒ 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [$83-30\over10$] ÷ 53

⇒ 60 ÷ 16 × 2 - [$53\over10$] ÷ 53

⇒ $15\over4$ × 2 - $1\over10$

⇒ $15\over2$ - $1\over10$

⇒ $74\over10$ = $7\frac{2}{{5}}$

∴ The answer is $7\frac{2}{{5}}$.

Given:

Of the three numbers, 1^st number is 30% more than 3^rd.

2^nd number is 40% less than the third number

Calculation:

Let, 3^rd number is 100

According to question conditions,

⇒ 1^st number = 100 + 100 × (30/100) = 130

⇒ 2^nd number = 100 - (100 × 40/100) = 60

⇒ 1^st number + 2^nd number = 130 + 60 = 190

⇒ 1^st number : (1^st number + 2^nd number) = 130:190

⇒ 13:19

∴ The ratio of the first number to the sum of the first number and the second number is 13:19

Given: 

P = Rs. 13000 

R = 8%

T = 2 years

Formula used: 

A = P (1 + R/100)^T  

A = Amount, P = Principal

T = Time period, R = Rate of Interest

Calculation: 

Let each instalment be x.

P for 1^st installment, P₁ = x/(1 + 8/100)

⇒ P₁ = x/(108/100) = 100x/108

P for 2^nd installment, P2 = x/(1 + 8/100)²

⇒ P₂ = x/(1 + 8/100)² = 10000x/11664

Now,

P₁ + P₂ = 13000

(100x/108) + (10000x/11664) = 13000

20800x/11664 = 13000

x = 13000 × 11664/20800

x = 7290

∴ The instalment each year is Rs. 7290. 

Alternate Method  Let each instalment be x. According to the question,

P1 + P2 = 13000

⇒ 100x/108 + 10000x/11664 = 13000

⇒ x/108 + 100x/108*108 = 130

⇒ x/108(1 + 100/108) = 130

⇒ 208x/108 = 14040

⇒ x = Rs. 7290

∴ The instalment each year is Rs. 7290. 

Correct Answer: 3) Rs.7290

Given:

Three numbers are in the ratio of 4 : 3 : 7

Their HCF is 6

Calculation:

Let numbers are 4x, 3x and 7x.

Sum of the numbers = (4x + 3x + 7x) = 14x

HCF is x = 6 (as per question)

sum of the numbers is 14 × 6 = 84

∴ The sum is 84.

Shortcut Trick

Speed of the scooter = 245 ÷ 7 = 35 kmph.

Speed of the electric cycle = 3/7 × 35 = 15 kmph.

Distance covered by the electric cycle in 4 hours = 15 × 4 = 60 km.

∴ The correct answer is 60 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance covered by scooter = 245 km

Time taken by scooter = 7 hr

Speed ratio of electric cycle to scooter = 3 : 7

Time taken by electric cycle = 4 hr

Formula used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Distance = Speed × Time

⇒ Speed of the scooter = 245 ÷ 7 = 35 kmph

⇒ Speed of the electric cycle = (3/7) × 35 = 15 kmph

⇒ Distance covered by the electric cycle = Speed × Time

⇒ Distance = 15 × 4 = 60 km

∴ The correct answer is 60 km.

Additional Information

Basic Speed Formula

Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance with respect to time. Formula: Speed = Distance ÷ Time.

Proportionality of Distance

When the time is constant, the distance covered is directly proportional to the speed (D ∝ S).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from kmph to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to kmph, multiply by 18/5.

Given:

Fraction percentage = $\frac{{75}}{{17}}$%

Concept used:

Percentage: - By a certain percent, we mean that many hundredths. Thus, x% means x hundredths, written as x%

To express x% as a fraction: We have, x% = $\frac{{x}}{{100}}$

Calculation:

⇒ $\frac{{75}}{{17}}$% = $\frac{{75}}{{17}\times 100}$

⇒ $\frac{{3}}{{68}}$

Mistake Points 

Please note that 

When A + B are working then they will remove 40 units of water from the tank in 4 minutes. After that, B and C are working together and we have to find the time required to fill the tank.

Please note that when we close pipe A and open pipe C at that time, 40 units of the tank are empty.

When B + C work together then they fill -4 + 5 = 1 unit water in 1 minute.

So, to fill 40 units of tank, B + C have to work for 40 minutes.

So 40 is the correct answer.

Given:

A pipe can empty in 10 minutes

B pipe can empty in 15 minutes

C pipe can fill in 12 minutes

A and B opened for 4 minutes  

Then only pipe A closed and c opened

 

• sign = For tank emptying pipes

• sign = For tank filling pipes

A and B are opened for 4 minutes:

Therefore, 60 - 4 × (6 + 4) = 60 - 40 = 20   ---(40units removed)

Then only pipe A is closed, and C is opened instantly with B:

Efficiency of B + C = - 4 + 5 = 1

Time required = 40/1 = 40 min.

∴ Time required to fill the tank completely is 40 minutes.  

Alternate Method

Concept Used:

Efficiency = Total work / Total time taken

A and B pipes emptied the tank so their efficiency should be calculated as negative

on the other hand, C pipe is filling the tank, so its efficiency should be calculated as positive.

Calculation:

Let , total work is = LCM of 10,12 & 15

⇒ 60 unit

Efficiency of Pipe A = 60/10

⇒ 6 unit

Efficiency of Pipe B = 60/15

⇒ 4 unit 

Efficiency of Pipe C 60/12

⇒ 5 unit

So in 4 minutes pipe A and B eliminated together (6 + 4) × 4 = 40 unit of water.

The remaining water, 60 - 40 = 20 units.

Now, only pipe A is closed, and C is opened instantly (with B)

B eliminated 4 units of water in 1 minute and C filled 5 units in 1 minute.

They are working together,

Both B and C together filled (5 - 4) = 1 unit of water in 1 minute.

They filled the remaining 60 - 20 = 40 units of water in 40 minutes.

∴ Time required to fill the tank completely is 40 minutes. 

Additional Information Efficiency is inversely proportionate to the number of time to complete the work.

Shortcut Trick

20% increase is equivalent to the fraction 1/5.

The difference between the fourth and third year is 1/5 of the third year price.

Price at end of third year = 86.40 × 5 = ₹432.

Price at end of second year = 432 ÷ 1.2 = ₹360.

∴ The correct answer is ₹360.

Alternate Method

Given: Annual increase rate = 20%, Difference (P₄ − P₃) = ₹86.40.

Formula Used: P_n = P_n−1 × (1 + r/100)

⇒ Let the price at the end of the second year be x.

⇒ Price at the end of the third year (P₃) = 1.2x

⇒ Price at the end of the fourth year (P₄) = 1.2 × 1.2x = 1.44x

⇒ Given difference: P₄ − P₃ = 1.44x − 1.2x = 0.24x

⇒ 0.24x = 86.40

⇒ x = 86.40 ÷ 0.24

⇒ x = 360

∴ The correct answer is ₹360.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Increase

When a value increases by r% every year, the value after n years is P_n = P₀ × (1 + r/100)ⁿ.

Relation between Consecutive Differences

In a compounding growth, the difference between consecutive years also increases by the same percentage: (P_n+1 − P_n) = (P_n − P_n−1) × (1 + r/100).

Fractional Equivalent

20% increase means the multiplier is 6/5, and the difference is 1/5 of the base year price.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Speed of Car : Train = 100 : 150 = 2 : 3.

Since distance is constant, Time ratio (Car : Train) = 3 : 2.

Difference in time = 1 unit = 12 minutes (stoppage time).

Time taken by Car = 3 units = 3 × 12 = 36 minutes = 36/60 hours = 0.6 hours.

Speed of Car = Distance ÷ Time = 81 ÷ 0.6 = 135 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 135 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance (D) = 81 km

Let the Speed of the car be x km/h.

Speed of the train = 1.5x km/h (50% faster).

Time lost by train = 12 minutes = 12/60 hours = 1/5 hours.

Calculations:

⇒ Time taken by car − Time taken by train = Stoppage time

⇒ (81 / x) − (81 / 1.5x) = 1/5

⇒ (81 / x) × [1 − (1 / 1.5)] = 1/5

⇒ (81 / x) × [1 − (2 / 3)] = 1/5

⇒ (81 / x) × (1 / 3) = 1/5

⇒ 27 / x = 1 / 5

⇒ x = 27 × 5

⇒ x = 135 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 135 km/h.

Additional Information

Speed, Time, and Distance Relationship

When Distance is constant, Speed is inversely proportional to Time (S₁/S₂ = T₂/T₁).

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Average Speed Formula

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time. For two equal distances with speeds u and v, Average Speed = 2uv ÷ (u + v).

Shortcut Trick

Let the cost price (CP) of each pair of shoes be 100%.

The selling prices are 115% (15% profit) and 95% (5% loss).

Difference in selling price = 115% − 95% = 20%.

Given 20% = ₹140 ⇒ 10% = ₹70.

Overall net profit = (+15%) − 5% = +10%.

∴ The correct answer is ₹70.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ The cost price of both pairs of shoes is exactly the same.

⇒ Profit earned on the first pair = 15%

⇒ Loss incurred on the second pair = 5%

⇒ Difference between their selling prices = ₹140

Calculations:

⇒ Let the cost price (CP) of each pair be 100 units.

⇒ Selling price of the first pair (SP₁) = 100 + 15% of 100 = 115 units

⇒ Selling price of the second pair (SP₂) = 100 − 5% of 100 = 95 units

⇒ Difference in selling prices = 115 units − 95 units = 20 units

⇒ Since 20 units corresponds to ₹140:

⇒ 1 unit = 140 ÷ 20 = ₹7

⇒ Cost Price of each pair = 100 × 7 = ₹700

⇒ Total profit earned = Profit on first pair − Loss on second pair

⇒ Total net profit = 15 units − 5 units = 10 units

⇒ Overall net profit = 10 × 7 = ₹70

∴ The correct answer is ₹70.

Additional Information

Same Cost Price Rule

When two items are bought at the same Cost Price, the overall profit or loss percentage is the simple average of their individual profit and loss percentages.

Same Selling Price Rule

When two items are sold at the exact same Selling Price, one at a profit of x% and the other at a loss of x%, there is always an overall net loss given by the formula (x² ÷ 100)%.

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit and Loss are always inherently calculated on the Cost Price (CP) unless specifically stated otherwise in the problem. Profit = SP − CP, and Loss = CP − SP.

Shortcut Trick 15% = 3/20

⇒ 17 = 210.80

⇒ 1 = 12.4

⇒ CP = 20 = 12.4 × 20 = 248

To gain 9.5% = 248 + 248 × (9.5/100) = 271.56

∴ The selling price is Rs 271.56

Alternate Method

Formula Used:

CP = $SP\over 1 -{L\over100}$ , where

CP = Cost Price

SP = Selling Price

L = Loss%

Calculation:

Substituting the value in the Selling Price equation-

⇒ CP =  $210.8\over 1 -{15\over100}$ = 210.8 × $20\over17$ = Rs 248

According to the question-

⇒ New SP = Rs 248 × (1 + $9.5\over100$) = Rs 271.56

∴ The selling price is Rs 271.56

Given: 

The simple interest on a certain sum of money for (three and a half years) = 7/2 years at 10% per annum is ₹55 less

Then the simple interest on the same sum for (four and a half years) = 9/2 years at 9% per annum.

Principal is same in both  the cases.

Formula Used:

SI = PRT/100

SI = Simple Interest, P = Principal,

R = Rate of Interest, T = Time 

Calculation: 

Let , T₁ = 7/2 years

R₁ = 10%

Again, T₂ = 9/2 years

R₂ = 9%

Principal (P) is same in both of the cases.

As per question, 

 (P × R₂ × T₂ )/100 - (P × R1 × T1)/100  = 55

⇒ (P × 9 × 9/2) /100 - (P× 10 × 7/2) /100 = 55

⇒ 5.5 P = 55 × 100

⇒ P = (55 × 100) / 5.5

⇒ P = 1000 

∴ The sum is ₹ 1000

Additional Information  Amount (A)  = Principal (P) + Interest (I)

Shortcut Trick

Work done in first 8 h = 8/24 = 1/3 of total work.

Remaining work = 1 − 1/3 = 2/3.

Time taken for remaining work = 9 h (as given in the rate change description).

Total time taken = 8 h + 6 h (calculated based on the second rate).

Since she completes the 2/3 work in 6 h at the new rate (implied by the 9 h total capacity), the total time is 14 h.

∴ The correct answer is 14 h.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial rate capacity = 24 h; Time worked at initial rate = 8 h; Remaining work capacity = 9 h.

Formula Used: Work = Time × Efficiency; Total Work = 1 unit.

⇒ Initial efficiency = 1/24 units/h

⇒ Work completed in 8 h = 8 × (1/24) = 1/3 units

⇒ Remaining work = 1 − 1/3 = 2/3 units

⇒ New rate allows completion of whole work in 9 h, so new efficiency = 1/9 units/h

⇒ Time taken to complete remaining 2/3 work = (Remaining Work) ÷ (New Efficiency)

⇒ Time = (2/3) ÷ (1/9) = (2/3) × 9 = 6 h

⇒ Total time taken = Initial 8 h + Remaining 6 h = 14 h

∴ The correct answer is 14 h.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. Efficiency = 1/Time.

Fractional Work Calculation

If a person can do a job in 'n' days, then in 1 day, the work done is 1/n. For 't' days, work done is t/n.

Total Time with Varying Rates

Total Time = Σ(t_i), where each segment of work is calculated by dividing that portion of work by the specific efficiency of that period.

Given:

Total sum = 50,000

Total time = 1 year

Rate = 8% per annum

Compound interest compounded semi annually.

Concept:

For 2 year compound interest golden ratio is 2 : 1

Calculation:

Rate = 8% per annum

Rate for 6 month = 4%

The golden ratio for 2 year compound interest is 2 : 1

So, Amount is 50000 + 2000 × 2 + 80 = 54080

∴ He will get ₹54,080 after maturity of fixed deposit.

Given:

Diameter of large sphere = 18 cm

Radius of large sphere = 9 cm

Diameter of lead balls = 2 cm

Radius of lead balls = 1 cm

Formula used:

Volume of sphere = 4/3 × π r³

Number of lead balls = volume of sphere / volume of one lead ball

Calculation:

Volume of larger sphere =  4/3 × π93

Volume of small sphere = 4/3 × π13

Total number of lead balls = $\frac{4}{3}π\times9^3 \over \frac{4}{3}π\times1^3$ = 729

So the total number of lead balls is 729.

Given:

 ⇒ $\frac{4}{5}$ ÷ $3\frac{1}{4}$ of $\frac{8}{{13}}$ - $\frac{\frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{8}}{\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8}}$ × $4\frac{2}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

Concept used: 

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below

Calculation:

 ⇒ $\frac{4}{5}$ ÷ $3\frac{1}{4}$ of $\frac{8}{{13}}$ - $\frac{\frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{8}}{\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8}}$ × $4\frac{2}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

 ⇒ $\frac{4}{5}$ ÷ $\frac{13}{4}$ of $\frac{8}{{13}}$ - $\frac{\frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{8}}{\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8}}$ × $\frac{30}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

 ⇒ $\frac{4}{5}$ ÷ $\frac{13}{4}$ × $\frac{8}{{13}}$ - $\frac{\frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{8}}{\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8}}$ × $\frac{30}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

 ⇒ $\frac{4}{5}$ ÷ $\frac{2}{1}$  - $\frac{\frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{8}}{\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{8}}$ × $\frac{30}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

 ⇒ $\frac{4}{5}$ ×  $\frac{1}{2}$ - $\frac{1}{15}$ × $\frac{30}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

 ⇒ $\frac{2}{5}$ - $\frac{2}{7}$ + $\frac{3}{5}$

 ⇒ $\frac{25}{35}$ 

 ⇒ $\frac{5}{7}$

The correct answer is Pecket.

Key Points

• The correct spelling and meaning of the selected option are as follows:
• Packet: a small box, bag, etc. in which things are packed to be sold in a shop.
• Example: Rahul threw the empty packet in the dustbin after eating chips.
• Thus, the incorrectly spelt word is given in option 3.

Additional Information

• Palace: a large house that is or was the home of a king or queen.
• Paint: coloured liquid that is put onto a surface to decorate or protect it.
• Peddle: to go from place to place selling something.

The correct answer is Vigorously.

Key Points

• Vigorously:  in a way that is very forceful or energetic.
• Environmentalists and local government officials have vigorously opposed the project.
• Thus, the correctly spelt word is given in option 1.

Additional Information

• The correct spellings and meanings of other given options are as follows: 
• Carrying: holding somebody/something while moving from one place to another.
• Metallic: connected with metal or metals.
• Crystallisation: a process in which thoughts or opinions become clear and fixed.

The correct answer is admitted.

Key Points

• Admit: to agree that something unpleasant is true or that someone has done something wrong.
• Example: Rohan admitted that he had stolen the pen.
• Thus, the most appropriate option to fill in the blank is option 3.

Additional Information

• Collect: to bring a number of things together.
• Demand: a strong request or order that must be obeyed.
• Request: an act of asking for something.

The correct answer is Provoke.

Key Points

• Assuage: to make an unpleasant feeling less strong.
• Provoke: to say or do something that will make a person angry or upset.
• Thus, the most appropriate antonym of assuage is provoke.

Additional Information

• Decrease: to become or to make something smaller or less
• Relieve: to make an unpleasant feeling or situation stop or get better.
• Soothe: to make somebody calmer or less upset; to comfort somebody.

The correct answer is Bonsai. 

Key Points

• Bonsai: a small tree which is grown in a pot and is not allowed to grow to its normal size.
• Example:  I promptly bought the bonsai tree painting plus took it house.
• Thus, the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words is option 3.

Additional Information

• Shrimp: a small sea creature with a shell and a lot of legs that turns pink when it is cooked.
• Pygmy: a very small person or thing or one that is weak in some way.
• Bonanza: a situation in which somebody can make a lot of profit or be very successful.