SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 1st December 2021 Shift 3)

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :-

Conclusions:

I. All scooters are cycles → False (As All scooters are two wheelers and All cycles are two wheelers so, All scooters are cycles is false)

II. All cycles are scooters → False (As All scooters are two wheelers and All cycles are two wheelers so, All cycles are scooters is false)

∴ Here, Conclusions I and II are false and cannot be determined according to given statement.

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion I nor II follows".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "885".

The logic followed here is :-

Chirag, firoz, Hira, Joy and Lohit are sitting in a straight line facing the north.

1) Only Hira is between Lohit and Chirag and Lohit is to the immediate right of Firoz and Chirag is to the immediate left of Joy.

∴ Here, 'Chirag' is at third right place of Firoz.

Hence, the correct answer is "Chirag".

Six delivery boys, U, V, W, X, Y and Z, are standing in a row next to each other to collect their goods from the stock room.

1) Z is to the immediate left of W and Z and Y are at the extreme ends of the row.

2) W is exactly between Z and V.

3) U is to the immediate left of X and Y is to the immediate right of X.

∴ Here, 'V' is standing at fourth position from right in the row.

Hence, the correct answer is "V".

The figure that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is as shown below :

• The square box moves one step in anti-clockwise and darken part is moves one step upwards with in square box from figure to figure.
• The oval shape moves one step anti-clockwise and darken part is moves one step downwards with in oval shape from figure to figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given :- V _ M R _ V _ M _ D _ K M _ D

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) K D R R V R → V K M R D V R M R D V K M R D

2) K D K R V K → V K M R D V K M R D V K M K D

3) K D K R D R → V K M R D V K M R D D K M R D

4) K D K R V R → V K M R D - V K M R D - V K M R D

• Here "VKMRD" is repeated.
• Option (4) gives the pattern of :- V K M R D - V K M R D - V K M R D

Hence, the correct answer is "K D K R V R".

The logic followed here is :-

Second number = First number × 2

Third number = First number²

1) (15, 30, 225) → (15, 15 × 2, 15²) = (15, 30, 225)

2) (17, 34, 278) → (17, 17 × 2, 17²) = (17, 34, 289)

3) (12, 24, 144) → (12, 12 × 2, 12²) = (12, 24, 144)

4) (13, 26, 169) → (13, 13 × 2, 13²) = (13, 26, 169)

∴ Here, (17, 34, 278) is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "(17, 34, 278)".

The logic followed here is 

(First number ÷ 2) × 3 - 1 = Second number

(18 ÷ 2) = 9 ⇒ 9 × 3 = 27 ⇒  27 -1 = 26

And

(16 ÷ 2) = 8 ⇒ 8 × 3 = 24 ⇒  24 -1 = 23

Similarly,

(20 ÷ 2) = 10 ⇒ 10 × 3 = 30 ⇒  30 -1 = 29

Hence, the correct answer is  "29".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "YYS".

The logic followed here is :-

The letter of given word represents it's opposite letters.

BULK : YFOP

Similarly,

NOTE : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "MLGV".

The logic followed here is :-

‘MISTAKE’ is coded as ‘9765412’.

And

‘NAKED’ is coded as ‘84123’.

Similarly,

‘INTIMATE’ will be coded as :

Hence, the correct answer is "78579452".

After unfolding the given paper the figure formed is as shown below :-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

The given information is :

Given expression is :- 72 D 6 B 12 A 24 C 18 C (20 B 5 A 48)

After replacing the alphabets with symbols in given expression the equation is as follows : 72 ÷ 6 × 12 + 24 - 18 - (20 × 5 + 48)

= 72 ÷ 6 × 12 + 24 - 18 - (20 × 5 + 48)

= 72 ÷ 6 × 12 + 24 - 18 - (100 + 48)

= 72 ÷ 6 × 12 + 24 - 18 - 148

= 12 × 12 + 24 - 18 - 148

= 144 + 24 - 18 - 148

= 168 - 18 - 148

= 168 - 166

= 2

Hence, the correct answer is "2".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "456".

The logic followed here is :-

First two letters of given word is subtracted -2.

Next two letters of given word is added +2 and it is repeated.

IMPORT is written as GKRQPR.

Similarly,

EXPEND will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "CVRGLB".

The logic followed here is :-

1) RNU

2) MJQ

3) GDK

4) EBI

∴ Here, RNU is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "RNU".

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at PQ is as shown below :-

Detailed Explanation:

• The line PQ is mirror.
• The word "POLYNOMIAL" ends with letter "L". So, the mirror image will start with "

" ⇒ Option 2, 4 are eliminated.

• The word "POLYNOMIAL" has last fourth letter "M". So, the mirror image will be "M" ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 3".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is as shown below :-

• All mothers are daughters. But it is possible some daughters are not mothers.
• All Mothers and daughters are Females.

Hence, the correct answer is "Females, Mothers, Daughters".

The logic followed here is :-

Number of employees in a company = X

Given the average age of the employees of a company is 45 years = 45X

Three employees of ages 38, 45 and 49 years resigned = 45X - (38 + 45 + 49)

The average age of employees in company after three employees resigned = 45X - 132

But,

Here, the three new employees of ages 42, 46 and 44 years joined.

∴ The average age of employees in a company = 45X - 132 + (42 + 46 + 44)

The average age of employees in a company = 45X - 132 + 132

The average age of employees in a company = 45X

∴ Here, the average age of employees in a company = 45 years

Hence, the correct answer is "45 years".

The logic followed here is :-

Earthworm is animal without notochord comes under Non-chordates species.

Similarly,

Fish is animal with backbone comes under chordates species.

Hence, the correct answer is "Chordates".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol: 

Family Tree :-

1) A is the father of D.

2) C and D are brothers.

3) C is the brother of B and G is the mother of B.

∴ Here, G is the wife of A.

Hence, the correct answer is "Wife".

The logic followed here is:

The opposite surface of the open dice can be found by the below method:-

• Alternate surfaces are opposite to each other.
• No two opposite surfaces are touched by side or by corners

So, by using the above rule we can find the opposite surface of open dice.

In the given figure, Opposite faces are :

1) F and E → They are adjacent to each other.

2) C and F → They are adjacent to each other.

3) B and E → They are adjacent to each other.

4) D and F → They are opposite to each other.

Hence, the correct answer is "D and F".

The image not embedded in given figure is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

First two and last two letter of given 5 letter word are added +2.

Middle letter or third letter of given 5 letter word is added +1.

'CAMEL' is written as 'ECNGN'.

And

'HORSE' is written as 'JQSUG'.

Similarly,

'WHALE' will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "YJBNG".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

1. Naughty
2. Nautical
3. Navigate
4. Navy
5. Nuptial

Hence, the correct answer is "1, 4, 3, 2, 5".

The correct answer is Formic acid.

Key Points

• Formic Acid  is injected into the skin during an ant bite.
• It is the common name of Methanoic Acid.
• Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid.
• Molecular Formula: HCOOH or CH2O2.
• Formic acid appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
• The word "formic" comes from the Latin word ‘formica’, meaning ant, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies.
• In nature, formic acid is found in most ants and in stingless bees.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Pistil.

Key Points

• The pistils are the female reproductive organ of the flower.
• They are usually located in the centre of the flower.
• It is having 3 parts;
• Stigma- It is the sticky knob at the top of the pistils where pollen germinates.
• Style- It is a long tube-like structure. Stigma is attached to the style of the pistil. 
• The style leads to the ovary that contains the female egg cells called ovules.
• Ovary- It is the enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.

Additional Information

• Stamens:
• The stamen is the male reproductive organ of the flower.
• It is having 2 parts:
• Anthers - It is a two-lobed structure that contains microsporangia for the production of pollen grains.
• Filaments - It is a long stalk-like structure that connects the base of the flower with an anther.
• Petals are the coloured part of the flowers that give them a unique shape.
• Sepals are leaf-like structures attached to the outside of the flower.

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• France has picked Emmanuel Macron for five more years as the country's President.
• This is the first time that a governing leader of the Fifth Republic, which has been the political system since 1958, has been re-elected.
• He has been serving as the President of France since 2017.
• At the age of 39, he became the youngest President in French history.

Additional Information 

• France, in Western Europe, encompasses medieval cities, alpine villages and Mediterranean beaches.  
• Capital: Paris
• President: Emmanuel Macron
• Prime minister: Élisabeth Borne
• Currencies: Euro, CFP franc
• Official language: French

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points 

• Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.
• Vardhamana is the original name of Lord Mahavira.
• He was born in 540 BCE in Kundagrama near Vaishali in Bihar.

Additional Information

• Vardhamana was a Kshatriya prince of the Lichchhavis.
• He left home and went to live in a forest at the age of 30.
• Followers of Mahavira, who were known as Jainas.
• The language used by Mahavira and his followers was the Prakrit language.
• He died in 468 BCE at Pawapuri.

The correct answer is 3.35%.

Key Points

• Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at which RBI borrows money from commercial banks within the country.
• Reverse repo rate in October 2020 is 3.35 percent.
• Repo Rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds.
• Repo Rate in October 2020 is 4%.

Important Points

Key Differences between Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate:

Additional Information 

RBI Repo Rate 19 Sep 2022

The correct answer is 2 November.

Key Points 

• November 2 is observed as the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists.
• The date was chosen by the UN in commemoration of the assassination of two French journalists in Mali on 2 November 2013.
• Between 2006 and 2020, over 1,200 journalists have been killed for reporting the news and bringing information to the public.

Additional Information 

• ​The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 2 November as the ‘International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists’ in General Assembly Resolution A/RES/68/163.
• The Resolution urged Member States to implement definite measures countering the present culture of impunity.
• This landmark resolution condemns all attacks and violence against journalists and media workers.
• It also urges Member States to do their utmost to prevent violence against journalists and media workers, to ensure accountability, bring to justice perpetrators of crimes against journalists and media workers.

The correct answer is International Day Of Clean Air For Blue Skies.

Key Points

• “Healthy Air, Healthy Planet” is the theme for observance of the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies 2021.
• September 7 is celebrated annually as the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies.
• 2020 marked the first international observance of the Day with the theme “Clean Air for All.”

Additional Information

The correct answer is Section 313.

Key Points

• Section 313: Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.
• IPC Section 313:
• Whoever com­mits the offence defined in the last preceding section without the consent of the woman, whether the woman is quick with child or not, shall be punished with 1 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.

Additional Information 

• IPC Section 307: Attempt to murder.
• IPC Section 304: Causing death by negligence.
• IPC Section 315: Act done with intent to prevent a child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth.

The correct answer is Shivrajpur.

Key Points 

• Eight Indian beaches have been awarded the prestigious 'Blue Flag' certification by an international jury comprising members of the following organizations:
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
• Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE).

Hence Shivrajpur is not one of them.

Additional Information 

• The 'Blue Flag' certification:
• It is a certification that is given to a beach, marina, or sustainable boating tourism operator.
• It also serves as an eco-label.
• The certification indicates their high environmental and quality standards.
• It is awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education, an NGO based in Denmark.
• It puts strict environmental, educational, safety-related & access-related parameters that applicants must achieve and maintain.
• It was instituted in France in 1985 and for nations out of Europe in 2001.
• It is awarded annually to beaches of FEE member countries.
• Forty-seven countries currently participate in this program. 4,671 beaches, marinas, and boats have this certification (as of January 2021).
• It promotes sustainable development in freshwater & marine areas.

The correct answer is Virender Sehwag.

Key Points

• The first Indian batsman to register a triple century in test cricket was Virender Sehwag.
• It was on March 29, 2004, when Virender Sehwag became the first Indian batsman to score a triple century in the longest format of the game.
• He achieved the feat against Pakistan at Multan.
• Virender Sehwag scored his maiden double-century in an ODI at Indore in the year 2011.
• He became the second batsman to score a double century in ODIs.
• He scored 219 runs against West Indies at the Holkar Cricket Stadium in Indore.

Additional Information

• Rohit Sharma is the highest individual run score in the ODIs.
• His highest score is 264 runs.
• He is the only player who has scored 3 double centuries in One-day International matches.
• Suresh Raina is a former Indian international cricketer.
• Shikhar Dhawan is an Indian cricketer.

The correct answer is Khokhar.

Key Points

• The Khokhar tribe was very influential during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
• The Khokhar tribes are found in Punjab.
• It is a Punjabi Muslim community currently residing in adjoining areas of India and Pakistan.
• They converted to Islam under the influence of Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar.

Additional Information

• The Janjua (also spelt janjua, Junjua, Janjuah) is a Rajput clan found predominantly in Pakistan's Punjab Pothohar Plateau.
• The Gakhar is a tribe of Punjabi Muslims found predominantly in the Jhelum District and Gujranwala District in Punjab province of Pakistan.
• The Langha are a Muslim community found in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat in India.

The correct answer is 22.

Key Points

• A commercial bank is required to obtain a licence for commencing banking business from the Reserve Bank of India, under the provisions of Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
• Commercial banks are those banks which offer their services to the general public, manufacturers, traders, companies etc.
• They work for their own profit.
• Commercial bank with more than 10 branches have to appoint Internal Ombudsman.
• Commercial banks are insured by DICGC (Deposit Insurance & Credit Guarantee Corporation of India), up to 5 lakh rupees.
• Earlier it was one lakh but from January 2020 it is five lakh.

Additional Information

Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

• This act is responsible for the regulations of all banking firms in India.
• This act gives power to RBI to give license to banks.

Some of the important sections of this act are:

• Section 11: Requirement as to minimum paid-up capital and reserves
• Section 12: Regulation of paid-up capital, subscribed capital and authorized capital and voting rights of shareholders
• Section 22(1): Licensing of banking companies
• Section 44A: Procedure for amalgamation of banking companies.

The correct answer is United Arab Emirates.

Key Points 

• The 17th AFC (Football) Asian Cup of 2019 was held in UAE (United Arab Emirates).
• The winner of this tournament was Qatar and the runner-up was Japan.
• This was the first time Qatar had won the tournament.

Additional Information 

• AFC stands for Asian Football Confederation.
• It was founded in 1954 and its headquarters was in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• The 18th AFC Cup 2023 will be held in China.

The correct answer is January

Key Points

• Lohri, the bonfire festival of Punjab celebrated in the month of Magh, is symbolic of new beginnings.
• The festival is celebrated every year on January 13 with much enthusiasm and zeal.
• It is primarily the harvest festival of the Punjabis.
• This festival denotes the harvesting of the Rabi crops and hence all the farmers get together in order to thank god for giving them such a wonderful harvest.
• The rituals related to Lohri symbolize the attachment of the people with Mother Nature.

Additional Information

• Hola Mohalla, also called Holi, is a three-day long Sikh festival which normally falls in March.
• Maghi is the regional name of the Hindu festival of Makar Sankranti celebrated in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
• The Muktsar fair is one of the largest Sikh fairs held in Muktsar Sahib.
• Baisakhi festivals of Punjab is traditionally associated with the harvest of rabi crops.

The correct answer is 7.

Key Points

• As of October 2020, the Government of India fixed the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for 7 cereals.
• Government announces minimum support prices (MSPs) for 22 mandated crops and fair and remunerative price (FRP) for sugarcane.The crops for which MSP is announces are as follows -
• 7 cereals – paddy, wheat, maize, bajra, jowar, ragi and barley
• 5 pulses – chana, arhar/tur, urad, moong and masur.
• 7 oilseeds – rapeseed-mustard, groundnut, soya bean, sunflower, sesamum, safflower and nigerseed.
• 3 commercial crops – cotton, copra and raw jute.

Additional Information

• Minimum Support Price (MSP)
• It is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices.
• The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
• MSP is a price fixed by the Government of India to protect the producer - farmers - against excessive falls in price during bumper production years.
• The minimum support prices are a guaranteed price for their produce from the Government.

The correct answer is The only active volcano in India is present here.

Key Points 

• Barren Island
• Barren Island is an island located in the Andaman Sea.
• The only active volcano in India is present here.
• It is the only confirmed active volcano in the Indian subcontinent.
• The first recorded eruption of the volcano dates back to 1787.
• This volcanic island stands in the midst of a volcanic belt on the edge of the Indian and Burmese tectonic plates.

Additional Information 

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands 
• It is a union territory of India consisting of 572 islands, of which 38 are inhabited, at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.
• The territory is about 150 km north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated from Thailand and Myanmar by the Andaman Sea.

The correct answer is three.

Key Points

• Dholavira was divided into three parts, and each part was surrounded by massive stone walls, with entrances through gateways.
• It was located on Khadir Beyt (also spelt as Bet) in the Rann of Kutch, where there was fresh water and fertile soil.
• It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and the most prominent of archaeological sites
• It is connected by an umbilical cord of a road that streaks across to the mainland.
• Dholavira was divided into three principal divisions-
• the Citadel,
• the Middle Town and
• the Lower town.
• It is also considered as having been the grandest of cities of its time.

Additional Information

• Harappan civilization
• Harappan civilization is also called as Indus Valley Civilization (IVC).
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
• Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is one of the four great civilizations of the world.
• It flourished along the flood plains of Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra.
• It was spread across the western part of South Asia that now lies in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The capital cities were Mohenjodaro and Harappa.

The correct answer is Overgrazing.

Important Points

Some other methods of soil conservation are:

• Mulching:
• A covering of organic materials, such as straw, is applied to the bare ground between plants.
• It helps to retain soil moisture.
• Rock dam:
• Rocks are piled up to slow the flow of water.
• This prevents gullies and further soil loss.
• Contour barriers:
• Along contours, stones, grass, and soil are used to create barriers.
• To collect water, trenches are dug in front of the barriers.
• Intercropping:
• Various crops are cultivated in alternate rows and sowed at different times to protect the soil from rainwash.
• Contour ploughing:
• Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope creates a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope.
• Shelterbelts:
• Rows of trees are planted in coastal and dry regions to reduce wind movement and protect soil cover.
• Terrace farming  is a method of soil conservation.
• It is a method of soil conservation that is practised on hilly terrain.
• On steep slopes of a hill, broad flat steps or terraces are built so that level surfaces can be used to cultivate crops.
• They reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.
• Hence overgrazing is not the method to conserve soil.

The correct answer is Delhi.

Key Points 

• Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque:-
• It is in the Qutb Minar enclosure of Delhi.
• The initial construction was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
• It is built of red sandstone, grey quartz, and white marble.
• The expansion of the mosque continued after the death of Qutb.
• Just to the west of the expanded mosque, Iltutmish built his own tomb, the first to be erected for the Delhi Sultanate.

Additional Information

Qutb-ud-Din Aibak

• He founded the Slave dynasty as well as the Delhi Sultanate.
• He assumed the title of Sultan and made Lahore his capital.
• Aibak patronized the great scholar Hasan Nizami.
• He also started the construction of Qutub Minar after the name of a famous Sufi saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakthiyar. It was later completed by Iltutmish.

The correct answer is Tapi.

Key Points

• The Ukai Dam is located across Ukai river which is a tributary of the Tapti /Tapi river in the Tapi district of Gujarat.
• The dam was completed in the year 1972.
• The length of the dam is 4962 m and has a catchment area of around 62000 Sq.km.
• This dam is also known as Vallabh Sagar.
• It is meant for Irrigation, Flood control, and Power Generation.

Additional Information Major Dams and their locations

The correct answer is Neo.

Key Points

• A neobank is a kind of digital bank without any branches.
• Rather than being physically present at a specific location, neobanking is entirely online.
• Neobanks are financial institutions that give customers a cheaper alternative to traditional banks.
• They leverage technology and artificial intelligence to offer personalised services to customers while minimising operating costs.
• Neobanks entered the financial system with the tag of 'challenger banks' because they challenged the complex infrastructure and client onboarding process of traditional banks.

Additional Information

• In India, these firms don't have a bank licence of their own but rely on bank partners to offer licensed services.
• That’s because the RBI doesn’t allow banks to be 100% digital yet.
• The RBI remains resolute in prioritising banks’ physical presence, and has spoken about the need for digital banking service providers to have some physical presence as well.
• RazorpayX, Jupiter, Niyo, Open,etc are the examples of top Neobanks of India.

The correct answer is Hampi.

Key Points

• Hampi is famous for its ruins belonging to medieval Hindu kingdom of Vijaynagara and is declared a World Heritage Site.
• Hampi is currently located in Karnataka state and it is UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Colonel Colin Mackenzie was Engineer and cartographer.
• He prepared the first survey map of the Hampi site.

Additional Information

Additional details about the Vijayanagar Empire:

The correct answer is Desert.

Key Points

• A natural ecosystem is a community of living and non-living entities and occurs freely in nature.
• Every component interacts together as a combined unit through physical, chemical and biological processes.
• The discriminating factor of natural ecosystems from other ecosystems is that they are completely natural.
• Grassland Ecosystems.
• Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems.
• Temperate Forest Ecosystems.
• Taiga Ecosystems.
• Desert Ecosystems.
• Tundra Ecosystems.
• Freshwater Ecosystems.
• Marine Ecosystems.

Additional Information

• An ecosystem forms the basic building block of an environment.
• It consists of both biotic and abiotic components and their continuous interactions with each other.
• Ecosystems can broadly be classified into two types, namely:
• Natural ecosystem – naturally occurring
• Artificial ecosystem – man-made ecosystems

The correct answer is Leylah Fernandez.

Key Points

• Emma Raducanu defeated Leylah Fernandez to win the US Open women's single (tennis) title in September 2021.
• She has been voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2021.
• She has become the third WTA (Women's Tennis Association) player to win the award in its 67-year history.
• Raducanu became the first British woman to win a Grand Slam singles title after defeating Leylah Fernandez in the Flushing Meadows final in September 2021.

Additional Information

• Marina Stakusic is a Canadian tennis player.
• Rebecca Catherine Marino is a Canadian professional tennis player.
• Mia Kupres is a tennis player from Canada.

The correct answer is J Jayalalithaa.

Key Points

• The film ' Thalaivii ', which was released in September 2021, is the official biopic based on the life of J Jayalalithaa.
• Jayaram Jayalalithaa is an Indian politician and actress.
• Between 1991 and 2016, she held the position of Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu six times.
• On May 23, 2016, J Jayalalithaa, the leader of the AIADMK, took her sixth oath of office as Tamil Nadu's chief minister.
• She assumed the position of general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam on February 9, 1989.
• The Renewing Water Sources (RWH) program, which was introduced in 2001.
• The Veeranam project was created to bring water to the arid city of Chennai.
• She started people-friendly welfare schemes and freebies.

Additional Information

• Sheila Dikshit was an Indian politician.
• The longest-serving Chief Minister of Delhi, as well as the longest-serving female chief minister of any Indian state.
• She served for a period of 15 years beginning in 1998.
• Sushma Swaraj was an Indian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019.
• Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress.
• She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 and was also the first and, to date, only female prime minister of India.

Given: 

The marked price of an article was Rs.400.

The shopkeeper offered a double discount of 25% and 15%.

Concept used:

Final discount percentage after two successive discounts of A% and B% = $(A + B - {AB \over 100})\%$

Selling price = Marked Price - Marked Price × Discount%

Calculation:

Final resultant discount = 25 + 15 - (25 × 15)/100 = 36.25%

Now, the final selling price = 400 - 400 × 36.25%

⇒ 400 - 145 = Rs. 255

∴ He finally sold the article for Rs. 255.

Given:

The average age of 15 students of a class is 14 years.

Out of these, the average age to 6 students is 15 years and that of the other 8 students in 13 years.

Concept used:

Total = Average × Number of entities

Calculation:

Total age of 15 students = 14 × 15 = 210 years

Total age to 6 students = 15 × 6 = 90 years

Total age of other 8 students = 8 × 13 = 104 years

Now, the age of the 15^th student = 210 - 90 - 104 = 16 years

∴ The age of the 15th student is 16 years.

Given:

The average of the numbers a and b, b and c, c and d are 9, 6, 4, respectively.

Concept used:

Total = Average × Number of entities

Calculation:

According to the question,

a + b = 9 × 2

⇒ a + b = 18      ....(1)

b + c = 6 × 2

⇒ b + c = 12      ....(2)

c + d = 4 × 2

⇒ c + d = 8      ....(3)

(1) - (2) + (3) we get,

a + b - b - c + c + d = 18 - 12 + 8

⇒ a + d = 14

⇒ (a + d)/2 = 14/2

⇒ (a + d) = 7

∴ The average of a and d is 7.

Given:

The difference between two positive numbers x and y (x > y) is 350.

9.5% of x is equal to 16.5% of y.

Calculation:

According to the question,

x - y = 350      ....(1)

9.5% of x = 16.5% of y

⇒ 0.095x = 0.165y

⇒ x/y = 0.165/0.095

⇒ (x + y)/(x - y) = (0.165 + 0.095)/(0.165 - 0.095) (Using componendo-dividendo method)

⇒ (x + y)/350 = 0.26/0.07 (From 1)

⇒ (x + y)/50 = 26

⇒ (x + y) = 26 × 50

⇒ (x + y) = 1300

∴ The value of (x + y) is 1300.

Shortcut Trick

First number = Quotient × Divisor = 10 × 2 = 20.

Using the property: Product of numbers = HCF × LCM.

20 × Other number = 5 × 60.

Other number = 300 ÷ 20 = 15.

∴ The correct answer is 15.

Alternate Method

Given:

LCM = 60

HCF = 5

First number (A): A ÷ 2 = 10 (Quotient)

Formula Used:

Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

Calculations:

⇒ First number (A) = 10 × 2 = 20

⇒ Let the second number be B.

⇒ A × B = HCF × LCM

⇒ 20 × B = 5 × 60

⇒ 20 × B = 300

⇒ B = 300 ÷ 20

⇒ B = 15

∴ The correct answer is 15.

Additional Information

HCF and LCM Relation

For any two positive integers a and b, HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b.

HCF Property

The HCF of two or more numbers is always a factor of their LCM.

Co-prime Numbers

If two numbers are co-prime, their HCF is 1 and their LCM is the product of the numbers.

Given:

40 kg of an alloy A is mixed with 63 kg of alloy B. 

Alloy A has lead and tin in the ratio 2 ∶ 3.

Alloy B has tin and copper in the ratio 2 ∶ 5.

Calculation:

Amount of tin in 40 kg alloy A = 40 × 3/(2 + 3) = 24 kg

Amount of tin in 63 kg alloy B = 63 × 2/(2 + 5) = 18 kg

Total amount of tin the new alloy = 24 + 18 = 42 kg

∴ The amount of tin in the new alloy is 42 kg.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 2400

Rate of interest = $6{1 \over 4}$% = 6.25%

Concept used:

1 year = 365 days

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

Calculation:

Days between 20 March 2019 to 31 may 2019 = 73 days

Now, the simple interest incurred on Rs. 2400 for 73 days

⇒ (2400 × 6.25 × 73/365)/100

⇒ (2400 × 6.25 × 0.2)/100

⇒ Rs. 30

∴ Simple interest incurred on Rs. 2,400 from 20 March 2019 to 31 May 2019 at $6{1 \over 4}$% rate is Rs. 30.

Shortcut Trick Total Distance = 272 + 85 = 357 km Total Time = (272 ÷ 40) + (85 ÷ 50) = 6.8 + 1.7 = 8.5 hours Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time = 357 ÷ 8.5 = 42 km/h ∴ The correct answer is 42 km/h. Alternate Method Given: Distance of 1st part (D1) = 272 km, Speed (S1) = 40 km/h Distance of 2nd part (D2) = 85 km, Speed (S2) = 50 km/h Formula Used: Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations: ⇒ Total Distance = 272 + 85 = 357 km ⇒ Time for 1st part (T1) = 272 ÷ 40 = 6.8 hours ⇒ Time for 2nd part (T2) = 85 ÷ 50 = 1.7 hours ⇒ Total Time = T1 + T2 = 6.8 + 1.7 = 8.5 hours ⇒ Average Speed = 357 ÷ 8.5 ⇒ Average Speed = 3570 ÷ 85 = 42 km/h ∴ The correct answer is 42 km/h. Additional Information Average Speed (Equal Distances) If a person covers equal distances at speeds x and y, then Average Speed = 2xy ÷ (x + y). Average Speed (Equal Time Intervals) If a person travels for equal time intervals at speeds x and y, then Average Speed = (x + y) ÷ 2. Relative Speed For two objects moving in the same direction at speeds x and y (where x > y), Relative Speed = x − y. For objects moving in opposite directions, Relative Speed = x + y.

Given:

In 5 minutes, ${{4} \over 11}$ of a bucket is filled.

Concept used:

1 minute = 60 seconds

Calculation:

Remaining bucket = 1 - ${{4} \over 11}$ = ${{7} \over 11}$

In 5 minutes, ${{4} \over 11}$ of a bucket is filled.

Now, to fill ${{7} \over 11}$ of the bucket, it will take = ${5 \over {4 \over 11}} × {7 \over 11}$

⇒ (5 × 7)/4 minutes

⇒ 8.75 minutes

⇒ 8 minutes 0.75 × 60 seconds

⇒ 8 minutes 45 seconds

∴ It will take 8 minutes 45 seconds to fill the remaining bucket.

Given:

If the selling price is tripled, the profit becomes four times. 

Concept used:

Profit% = ${(Selling\ Price\ -\ Cost\ Price) \over Cost\ Price} \times 100\%$

Cost Price = Selling Price - Profit

Calculation:

Let the selling price and profit be S and M respectively.

So, the cost price = (S - M)

When the selling price is 3S, profit is 4M.

So, again the cost price = (3S - 4M)

According to the question,

S - M = 3S  - 4M

⇒ 2S = 3M

⇒ S = 1.5M

The cost price becomes = S - M

⇒ 1.5M - M = 0.5M

The selling price = S = 1.5M

Now, profit% = ${{1.5M - 0.5M} \over 0.5M} \times 100\%$ = 200%

∴ The profit percentage is 200%.

Shortcut Trick

For two numbers in ratio a : b with HCF = H, the LCM is a × b × H.

Given a = 11, b = 17, and H = 4.

LCM = 11 × 17 × 4

LCM = 187 × 4 = 748

∴ The correct answer is 748.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of numbers = 11 : 17

HCF of numbers = 4

Formula Used:

Number₁ = Ratio₁ × HCF

Number₂ = Ratio₂ × HCF

Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

Calculations:

⇒ First number (N₁) = 11 × 4 = 44

⇒ Second number (N₂) = 17 × 4 = 68

⇒ LCM × HCF = N₁ × N₂

⇒ LCM × 4 = 44 × 68

⇒ LCM = (44 × 68) ÷ 4

⇒ LCM = 11 × 68 = 748

∴ The correct answer is 748.

Additional Information

HCF and LCM Relation

For any two numbers x and y, the product x × y = LCM(x, y) × HCF(x, y).

Co-prime Numbers

If two numbers are co-prime (ratio in simplest form), their HCF is 1 and their LCM is simply their product.

LCM of Fractions

LCM of fractions = LCM of Numerators ÷ HCF of Denominators.

Given:

A shopkeeper offers a discount of 12% on a sofa-set and sells it for Rs. 17,776.

Concept used:

Selling price = Marked Price - Marked Price × Discount%

Selling Price = Marked Price × (1 - Discount%)

Calculation:

Let the marked price be P.

According to the question,

P - P × 12% = 17776

⇒ 0.88P = 17776

⇒ P = 17776/0.88

⇒ P = 20200

∴ The marked price of the sofa-set is Rs. 20,200.

Shortcut TrickNow, the marked price of the sofa-set = 17776 ÷ (1 - 12/100) = Rs. 20200

∴ The marked price of the sofa-set is Rs. 20,200.

Given:

Rate of interest = 8% p.a. 

Principal = Rs. 9500

Time = 2 years

Concept used:

In case of the compound interest,

Amount = P(1 + R/100)^N

CI = P(1 + R/100)^N - P

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

12 months = 1 year

Calculation:

Rate of interest when the interest is compounded half-yearly = 8/2 = 4%

Since the interest is compounded half-yearly, 2 years becomes = 2 × (12/6) = 4

Now, the compound interest after 2 years

⇒ 9500(1 + 4/100)⁴ - 9500

⇒ 11113.66 (approx) - 9500

⇒ Rs. 1,613.66

∴ The compound interest is Rs. 1,613.66.

Given:

A person sold a car for Rs. 3,80,000 and incurred a loss of 5%.

Concept used:

Selling Price = Cost Price - Cost Price × Loss%

Selling Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Gain%

Selling Price = Cost Price × (1 - Loss%)

Selling Price = Cost Price × (1 + Gain%)

Calculation:

Let the cost price of the sold car be P.

According to the concept,

P - P × 5% = 380000

⇒ 0.95P = 380000

⇒ P = 380000/0.95

⇒ P = 400000

Now, the selling price to make a 15% gain = 400000 + 400000 × 15%

⇒ Rs. 4,60,000

∴ To have a gain of 15%, the Selling Price of the car is Rs. 4,60,000.

Shortcut Trick

⇒ SP = 3,80,000 and Loss = 5% = 1/20

CP          SP 

20          19 

Then , CP = 3,80,000/19 × 20/100 = 4,00,000 (Cost Price)

⇒ Gain = 15% = 3/20

⇒ SP = 4,00,000/20 × 23 = 4,60,000 (Selling Price)

∴  The Selling Price of the car is Rs. 4,60,000.

Given:

${{1} \over 3\times4} + {{1} \over 4\times5} + {{1} \over 5\times6} + ... + ...............{{1} \over 20\times21}$

Calculation:

${{1} \over 3\times4} + {{1} \over 4\times5} + {{1} \over 5\times6} + ... + ...............{{1} \over 20\times21}$

⇒ ${{4 - 3} \over 3\times4} + {{5 - 4} \over 4\times5} + {{6 - 5} \over 5\times6} + ... + {{21 - 20} \over 20\times21}$

⇒ ${4 \over (3 \times 4)} - {3 \over (3 \times 4)} + {5 \over (4 \times 5)} - {4 \over (4 \times 5)} + {6 \over (5\times 6)} - {5 \over (5\times 6)} + .... + {21 \over (20\times 21)} - {20 \over (20\times 21)}$

⇒ ${1 \over 3} - {1 \over 4} + {1 \over 4} - {1 \over 5} + {1 \over 5} + - {1 \over 6} + .... - {1 \over 20} + {1 \over 20} - {1 \over 21}$

⇒ ${1 \over 3} - {1 \over 21}$

⇒ ${(7 - 1) \over 21}$

⇒ ${6\over 21}$

⇒ ${2 \over 7}$

∴ The simplified value is ${2 \over 7}$.

Given:

The difference between the simple interest and the compound interest compounded annually on a certain sum of money for 2 years at a rate of 8% per annum is Rs. 16.80. 

Concept used:

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

In case of the compound interest,

Amount = P(1 + R/100)^N

CI = P(1 + R/100)^N - P

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

N = Time in years

Calculation:

Let the principal amount be P.

Compound interest incurred = P(1 + 8/100)² - P

⇒ 1.1664P - P = 0.1664P

According to the question,

0.1664P - (P × 2 × 8)/100 = 16.80

⇒ 0.1664P - 0.16P = 16.80

⇒ 0.0064P = 16.80

⇒ P = 16.80/0.0064

⇒ P = 2625

∴ The principal amount is Rs. 2,625.

Given:

The salary of a person is first increased by 15% and thereafter it is reduced by 15%.

Concept used:

Final percentage increment after two successive increments of A% and B% = $(A + B + {AB \over 100})\%$

Calculation:

Considering 15% reduction as -15% increment. (Here negative sign indicates reduction or decrement)

Now, the net change in his salary = 15 + (-15) + (15 × -15)/100

⇒ 15 - 15 - 225/100 = -2.25%

∴ The net change in his salary is a 2.25% decrease.

Given:

Two positive numbers are in the ratio 3 ∶ 4.

The sum of their cubes is 728.

Calculation:

Let the numbers be 3p and 4p. 

The sum of the numbers = 3p + 4p = 7p

According to the question,

(3p)³ + (4p)³ = 728

⇒ 27p³ + 64p³ = 728

⇒ 91p³ = 728

⇒ p³ = 728/91

⇒ p3 = 8

⇒ p = 2

Now, the sum of the numbers = 7 × 2 = 14

∴ The sum of the numbers is 14.

Given:

Mohan and Ramesh can together complete a work in 15 days.

Mohan is 50% more efficient than Ramesh. 

Concept used:

Total work = Work done per day × Total time taken 

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of Ramesh be R units a day.

So, efficiency of Mohan = R + 50% of R = 1.5R units

Total work = 15 × (R + 1.5R) = 37.5R units

Now, the time taken by Mohan alone to complete the work = 37.5R/1.5R = 25 days

∴ The time taken by Mohan alone to complete the work is 25 days.

Given:

A can do a work in 18 days. A and B working together can do the same work in 8 days, whereas B and C working together can do the same work in 6 days.

Concept used:

Total work = Work done per day (Efficiency) × Total time taken 

Calculation:

Let the efficiencies of A, B, and C be P, Q, and R units respectively.

According to the question,

Total work = 18 × P = 18P      ....(1)

Total work = 8 × (P + Q) = 8(P + Q)      ....(2)

Total work = 6 × (Q + R) = 6(Q + R)      ....(3)

Equating (1) & (2),

18P = 8(P + Q)

⇒ 18P = 8P + 8Q

⇒ 10P = 8Q

⇒ 5P = 4Q

⇒ Q = 1.25P      ....(4)

Equating (2) & (3),

8(P + Q) = 6(Q + R)

⇒ 8P + 8Q = 6Q + 6R

⇒ 8P + 10P = 7.5P + 6R (From 4)

⇒ 10.5P = 6R

⇒ R = 1.75P      ....(5)

Efficiencies of A, B, and C = P + Q + R

⇒ P + 1.25P + 1.75P = 4P

Now, the required days by A, B, and C working together do the same work

⇒ 18P/4P = $4 {1{} \over 2}$ days

∴ A, B, and C working together will take $4 {1{} \over 2}$ days to complete the work.

Given:

P sells an article that costs him Rs. 1,200 to Q at a profit of 15%.

Q then sells it to R for Rs.1,449.

Concept used:

Selling Price = Cost Price + Cost Price × Gain%

Profit% = ${(Selling\ Price\ -\ Cost\ Price) \over Cost\ Price} \times 100\%$

Calculation:

The cost price of the article incurred to Q = 1200 + 1200 × 15% = Rs. 1380

Let the profit percentage of Q be M%.

According to the concept,

1380 + 1380 × M% = 1449

⇒ 1380 × M% = 1449 - 1380

⇒ M% = 69/1380

⇒ M% = 0.05

⇒ M = 5

∴ The profit percentage of Q is 5%.

Shortcut TrickThe cost price of the article incurred to Q = 1200 + 1200 × 15% = Rs. 1380

Now, profit% of Q = ${{1449 - 1380} \over 1380} \times 100\%$ = 5%

∴ The profit percentage of Q is 5%.

Given:

Wall dimension = 21 m × 12 m high × 36 cm

Brick dimension = 28 cm × 18 cm × 6 cm

Concept used:

Volume of a cuboid = Length × Breadth × Height

The volume of the wall should be equal to the total volume of required bricks.

1 m = 100 cm

Calculation:

21 m = 2100 cm

12 m = 1200 cm

Volume of the wall = 2100 × 1200 × 36 = 90720000 cm³

Volume of each brick = 28 × 18 × 6 = 3024 cm³

According to the concept,

Now, the number of required bricks = 90720000/3024 = 30000

∴ 30000 bricks are required.

Given:

$(3\frac{1}{5} \div \frac{2}{3} \text{ of } 4\frac{1}{2}) + 5\frac{2}{3} \div 1\frac{2}{3} \text{ of } 4\frac{1}{4} - 5\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{3}{4} \div 2\frac{2}{3}$

Formula used:

VBODMAS Rule (Bracket, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction)

Calculation:

⇒ $(\frac{16}{5} \div (\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{9}{2})) + (\frac{17}{3} \div (\frac{5}{3} \times \frac{17}{4})) - (\frac{16}{3} \times \frac{3}{4} \times \frac{3}{8})$

⇒ $(\frac{16}{5} \div 3) + (\frac{17}{3} \div \frac{85}{12}) - (\frac{3}{2})$

⇒ $\frac{16}{15} + (\frac{17}{3} \times \frac{12}{85}) - \frac{3}{2}$

⇒ $\frac{16}{15} + \frac{4}{5} - \frac{3}{2}$

⇒ $\frac{32 + 24 - 45}{30}$

⇒ $\frac{11}{30}$

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Terms differ by 45 and the measure of which is ${{4} \over7}$.

Calculation:

Let the ratio be p and p + 45.

According to the question,

p/(p + 45) = 4/7

⇒ 7p = 4p + 180

⇒ 7p - 4p = 180

⇒ 3p = 180

⇒ p = 180/3

⇒ p = 60

Now, the ratio = 60 : (60 + 45) = 60 : 105

∴ The ratio is 60 : 105.

Given:

Two cones have their height in the ratio of 2 ∶ 1 and radii in the ratio of 1 ∶ 2.

Concept used:

Volume of a cone = (π × R² × H)/3

where R = radius of the base, H = Height

Calculation:

Let the radii of the cones be r and 2r respectively and heights be 2h and h respectively.

Volume of the first cone = (π × r² × 2h)/3 = 2πr²h/3 units³

Volume of the first cone = (π × (2r)2 × h)/3 = 4πr2h/3 units3

Now, the required ratio = 2πr2h/3 : 4πr2h/3 = 1 : 2

∴ The ratio of their volumes is 1 : 2.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. "did everything possible."

Key Points  

• Let’s look at the meaning of the given idiom/ phrase:
• The phrase 'moved heaven and earth' means 'to do everything you can to achieve something.'
• Example:
• ​Samuel will move heaven and earth to complete the project within the deadline.
• Hence, the only possible answer is option 2 'did everything possible,' which exactly resembles the meaning of the given idiom/ phrase.

Correct meaning: did everything possible.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. 'No one is required.'

Key Points 

• The error lies in Part (No one are required) of the sentence.
• As per instructions, the remaining portion of the sentence is correct
• According to the rules of Indefinite pronouns, 'no one' is singular in form, and with it singular verb is used.
• In the erroneous part, we will replace the helping verb 'are' (plural verb) with 'is' (singular verb).
• Therefore, the use of 'No one are required' in the sentence should be replaced with 'No one is required' to make it grammatically correct.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: No one is required to line up for the investigation.

The erroneous part is option 4) i.e. 'Despite of being.'

Key Points  

• The error lies in the part 'Despite of being.'
• According to the rules of prepositions, no preposition is used after 'Despite' whereas the preposition 'of' is used with the word 'In spite'.
• 'Despite' means regardless.
• 'In spite' means regardless of the factor/factors.
• In the given sentence the a contrary factor is implied that regardless of  'being a small girl' she fought the bull bravely.
• Therefore in the given sentence, we need to use 'In spite of being' in place of Despite of being' to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: In spite of being a small girl she fought the bull bravely.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. 'Bombard.'

Key Points    

• Let's look at the meaning of the marked option:
• Bombard- to assail vigorously or persistently with a never-ending stream of inquiries, remarks, or disclosures.
• Example:
• The journalist bombarded the home minister with sensitive questions on the internal security of the country.
• Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• Revolt- to take violent action against authority or to refuse to be controlled or ruled.​
• Irritate- to make someone angry or annoyed.
• Shout- to speak with a very loud voice, often as loud as possible, usually when you want to make yourself heard in noisy situations.
• Hence, from the given meanings, we find that 'Bombard' is the correct one-word substitute.
• So, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct one-word substitute: Bombard.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'depict.'

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the words given in the options:

• The context of the sentence is that the pictures show the postures which one has to imagine.
• According to the above-mentioned points, the most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "depict."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.
• Another example:
• Major roads in India are depicted on the road map.

Complete Sentence: The pictures depict the postures which you have to assume.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. "Hittch."

Key Points  

• The correct spelling is 'Hitch.'
• 'Hitch' means to get a free ride in someone else's vehicle as a way of travelling.
• Example:
• ​Naina could hardly wait to hitch it up and take a ride on her way to Shimla.​
• Therefore, 'Hitch' is incorrectly spelt among the given options.
• Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

​

Additional Information

• Let's know the meaning of the other options:

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'Rash.'

Key Points   

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word:

• Let's look at the meaning of the words given in the options:

• Clearly, the word 'Rash' is closest in meaning to the given word 'Reckless.'
• Therefore, the correct synonym of the given word is option 1.