SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 18th November 2021 Shift 1)

Total six friends facing north:-  Ravi, Kavya, Mahima, Gita, Mohan and Neha

1. Neha is sitting between Ravi and Mohan.

2. Mohan is sitting to the immediate right of Gita.

3. There are three friends sitting between Ravi and Kavya.

4. Kavya is not sitting at either of the ends.

5. Kavya is sitting to the immediate right of Mahima.

Hence, 'Neha' is sitting at the fifth position from the left end.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

DHM : GCX

Similarly,

KOT : ?

​

Hence, 'KOT' is coded as "NJE".

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “KQY” is the complete series.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is held at the down side is:

Hence, "option (4)" is the correct answer.

Alternate Method 

In Mirror image left side and right side changed vice-versa where top and bottom remain same.

Reflection of an object into the water is its water image. It appears by inverting an object vertically i.e. upside down.

The water image of the figure looks like the mirror image of the figure in case the mirror is horizontally at the bottom of the figure.

Water image is just a reflection where top and bottom part of the images changed where left and right side of the image remain same.

Logic: If two dice have the same face value in the given image then their clockwise or anticlockwise wise number are known as opposite numbers in dice.

       ♦  If we rotate the second dice in a clockwise direction.

We get,

In first dice and second dice.

The number '5' is common.

      ♦  The left letter will be opposite to each other writing them clockwise starting from 5.

Hence, the face opposite to the 9 is “7”.

Statements:

All kites are planes.

All planes are papers

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. All kites are papers → True (because all kites are planes and all planes are papers so all kites are also papers)

II. No paper is a plane → False (because all planes are papers so definitely some papers are plain so no paper is a plane it is not possible)

Hence, “Only conclusion I follow".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

‘BOOK’ is written as ‘CRTR’

Similarly,

Hence, 'PETROL' is coded as "QHYYXW".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols,

Given:

1. L is the mother of M. L has only two children.

2. N is the sister of M.

3. N is the daughter of K.

4. Z is the grandson of K.

5. O is the mother of Z.

Hence, O is the "Sister-in-law" of N.

Table of alphabets place values:

The pattern follows here,

'LECTURE' is written as 'MGFXZXL' 

And,

'TEACHER' is written as 'UGDGMKY'

Similarly,

'STUDENT' be written as

 

Hence, 'STUDENT' is coded as 'TVXHJTA'

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

'Cloth' is related to 'Cotton' → 'Cloth' is made from 'Cotton'.

Similarly,

'Flour' is related to ‘Wheat’ → Flour is made from 'Wheat'.

Hence, ‘Wheat’ is the correct answer.

Given:

7 343 3

5 ? 4

2 256 8 

Here the pattern followed in each row is:

3^rd number is the power of 1^st number is equal to 2^nd number →

(1^st number)^{3rd number} = 2^nd number

Row 1: 7, 343, 3

(1^st number)^{3rd number}

= 7³

= 343 = 3^rd number

Row 3: 2, 256, 8

(1^st number)^{3rd number}

= 2⁸

= 256 = 3^rd number

Similarly,

Row 2: 5, ?, 4

(1^st number)^{3rd number}

= 5⁴

= 625 = 3^rd number

Hence, “625” is correct answer.

The logic followed here is 

(5 + 7) + ( 5 × 7) = 12 + 35 = 47

(3 + 8) + (3 × 8) = 11 + 24 = 35  

(9 + 2) + (9 × 2) = 11 +18 = 29

Similarly,

7 + 4 = ?

(7 + 4) + (7 × 4) = 11 + 28 = 39 

Hence, the correct answer is "39".

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, '434' is the correct answer.

The Venn diagrams best represent the relationship between - Human, Male, Animal figures are shown below:

Animal means "any living creature (including humans) that is not a plant, humans are a social animal"

So, some males are Humans and All males and humans are animals.

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

According to the BODMAS rule:

Option 1 : 8 and 14

Given:

5 × 40 ÷ 8 + 3 – 14 = 53

After interchange the signs;

5 × 40 ÷ 14 + 3 – 8 = 53

By BODMAS rule

5 × 2.85 + 3 – 8 = 53

14.28 + 3 – 8 = 53

17.28 – 8 = 53

9.28 = 53 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 2 : 5 and 3

Given:

5 × 40 ÷ 8 + 3 – 14 = 53

After interchange the signs;

3 × 40 ÷ 8 + 5 – 14 = 53

By BODMAS rule

3 × 5 + 5 – 14 = 53

15 + 5 – 14 = 53

20 – 14 = 53

6 = 53 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 3 : 5 and 8

Given:

5 × 40 ÷ 8 + 3 – 14 = 53

After interchange the signs;

8 × 40 ÷ 5 + 3 – 14 = 53

By BODMAS rule

8 × 8 + 3 – 14 = 53

64 + 3 – 14 = 53

67 – 14 = 53

53 = 53 (LHS = RHS)

Option 4 : 8 and 3

Given:

5 × 40 ÷ 8 + 3 – 14 = 53

After interchange the signs;

5 × 40 ÷ 3 + 8 – 14 = 53

By BODMAS rule

5 × 13.4 + 8 – 14 = 53

66.7 + 8 – 14 = 53

74.7 – 14 = 53

60.7 = 53 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, the answer is “5 and 8”.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

All alphabet opposite place values are coded as numbers.

'REMAIN' is coded as 92214261813

Similarly, 

'MACHINE' = ?

Hence, the correct answer is "14262419181322".

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except 'NTD’.

Hence, “NTD” is the odd one.

The pattern followed here is,

Let (1st number : 2nd number)

1st number × 8 = 2nd number

Now follow the steps:

7 : 56

=> 7 × 8 = 56 = 2nd number

Similarly,

13 : ?

=> 13 × 8 = 104 = 2nd number

Hence, "104" is correct answer.

Given: P E _ _ L E P _ _ P L E _ _ O P _ _

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1)  OPEOPLEE → P E O P L E / P E O P L E / P L O P E E

2)  OPOEPELE → P E O P L E / P O E P L E / P E O P L E

3)  OPEOPELE → P E O P L E / P E O P L E / P E O P L E

4)  OPOEEPLE → P E O P L E / P O E P L E / E P O P L E

    ♦  Option (3) gives a cyclic pattern of P E O P L E - P E O P L E - P E O P L E.

Hence, ‘OPEOPELE’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, '158' is the correct answer.

Six friends sitting opposite to each other in a circle: A, B, C, D, E and F

1. E is sitting opposite to B.

2. F is sitting to the left of B.

3. C and D are adjacent to each other.

4. Also, B and F are adjacent to each other.

The final sitting arrangement is:

Hence, “A” is sitting between E and F.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

The correct order of the given words is:

4. Goatish
5. Goatling
6. Goblin
7. Goer
8. Goffer

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 3, 2, 5, 1".

The correct answer is Pinjore.

Key Points

• Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre are located in Pinjore, Haryana.
• It was established in the year 2001 as Vulture Care Centre.
• It is administered by the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS).
• It helps in the conservation, protection and study of the reason that causes the death of Vultures.

Additional Information

• About Vulture
• Vultures are Detrivores which feed on the dead and decay.
• Vultures are helpful in removing pathogens and toxins from the environment
• Excessive use of Diclofenac as a painkiller in animal husbandry leads to the cause of death of vultures.
• Vulture Action Plan 2020-25 was launched by the Ministry for Environment, Forests and Climate Change for its conservation.

Important Points

• Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre (VCBC) in India
• Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)
• Pinjore, Haryana
• Guwahati (Assam)
• Hyderabad (Telangana)

The correct answer is Uttarakhand

Key Points

• The Sarayu originates from Lake Mansarovar in the Himalayas and is also known as the Ghaghra and the Manas Nandini.
• Saryu is a major river draining the Central Kumaon region in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• The length of the river is 350 km
• It merges with the Ganga in Bihar's Saran district.
• The Saryu river tributaries on the Right side are Gomti, pannar  Lohar Left side Ramganga and PUNGER.
• The Ayodhya is located on the bank of the Sarayu river.

Additional Information

• Hooghly river is the main river of West Bengal.
• Sutlej river is the main river of Himachal Pradesh.
• Mahanadi river is the main river of Chhattishgarh.

Important Points

• The Ganga river is the largest river in India (2525 km).
• The deepest river in India is the Brahmaputra.
• The Arvari river is the Smallest river in India**(45km).**
• The Yangtze river is the largest river in Asia (China)(6300km
• The Nile river is the longest river in the world (Africa) (6650km).

The correct answer is it empowers people to find out what is happening in the government.

Key Points

• Right to Information Act 2005 mandates timely response to citizen requests for government information
• It is an initiative taken by the Department of Personnel and Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances
• Anybody can seek information from any government organization across the Indian territory
• For matters involving the**; Life of Liberty '**of a person the time limit for the public information officer to provide information is 2 days

Additional Information

• The RTI act was forced on 12th October 2005
• RTI or Right to Information Act is a fundamental right and is an aspect of Article 19 (1)(a) of the Indian Constitution.
• Right to Information replaced the Freedom of Information Act, 2002.
• The idea of RTI in India brainchild of former PM, V.P. Singh in 1990.
• The first grassroots campaign for the introduction of RTI started by Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in 1994
• Sweden is the first country to pass the Right to information act in 1776.
• Right to Information Act was enacted by the United Progressive Alliance-1 (UPA) Government headed by Prime Minister Dr M. Manmohan Singh in the year of 2005**(14th Loka Sabha**
• The law gives citizens of India the tools to fight against corruption​

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• The Treaty of Lahore pertains to the First Anglo-Sikh War (1846), not the Second.
• The annexation of Punjab happened in 1849, after the Second Anglo-Sikh War, under Lord Dalhousie.
• 29 March 1849 marks the formal annexation of Punjab but not a treaty.

Additional Information

• Lord Dalhousie was Governor-general of India from (1848-1856).
• He introduced the Policy of Doctrine of Lapse and annexation of Satara(1848), Jhansi(1853), Nagpur(1854) and Udaipur(1852).
• He annexed lower Burma in the year 1852.
• The introduction of Wood's despatch on Education in his tenure saw the opening of Government colleges and Anglo-vernacular schools.
• 1st railway line from Bombay to Thane was created in 1853.
• Passing of Widow remarriage act of 1856.
• Started of Telegraph and Pwd system during his tenure.

The correct answer is Jofra Archer.

Key Points

• The Jofera Archer player of the Rajsthan royal.
• The total points of Jofera Archer have 307.
• The Archer is an English cricketer.
• Archer picks of 20 wickets,175 bowl dot deliveries.
• Archer beat the kings Rabada, Jasprit Bumrah,and Rasid Khan.

Additional Information

• IPL Session 2020
• It is the 13th IPL session
• Host country the United Arab Emirates.
• Winner team**-Mumbai Indians**
• Losses team -Delhi capitals
• Most run scorer -KL Rahul(670) X1-Punjab
• Most wicket-taker Kagiso Rabada (Delhi capitals)

Important Points

• About IPL
• IPL started on 2008
• Administrator -BCCI
• Numbers of teams -10

The correct answer is Intercropping.

Key Points

• Intercropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field but they are not mixed with each other.
• They have grown in inset patterns.
• This pattern prevents pests and diseases to spread in all the plants of one crop and following in a given area.
• Various types of intercropping were known and presumably employed in ancient Greece about 300 B.C​

Additional Information

• Three types of cropping patterns.
• Cropping Patterns**-Mixed Cropping**, Intercropping, Crop Rotation
• mix cropping-Mixed cropping, including intercropping, is the oldest form of systemized agricultural production and involves the growing of two or more species or cultivars of the same species simultaneously in the same field
• Crop rotation is defined as a “system of growing different kinds of crops in recurrent succession on the same land”

Important Points

• Three main types of crops.
• Kharif crops- Grown in June- July, e.g., rice, cotton
• Rabi crops- Grown in October-November, e.g., wheat, potato
• Zaid crops- Grown between March- June, e.g., cucumber, pumpkin
• ​image of intercropping

The correct answer is Suraj Mal.

Key Points

• Maharaja Suraj Mal was born in the year 1707 in Bharatpur, Rajasthan.
• He was the son of Badan Singh.
• He considered “India as one nation” and fought for the integration of the nation.
• He was also called as "the Plato of the Jat people".
• He created Bharatpur city.
• Under his reign, Ballabhgarh became an important trading centre.​
• He played important role in the 3rd Battle of Panipat.

Additional Information

The correct answer is the PPP model of infrastructure development.

Key Points

• Public-private partnerships involve collaboration between a government agency and the private sector.
• Public-private partnerships allow large-scale government projects.
• such as roads, bridges, or hospitals, to be completed with private funding.
• In this type of partnership, investments are undertaken by the private sector entity, for a specified period of time.

Additional Information

• Types of investment model
• 1 public investment model
• 2 private investment model
• 3 public-private partnership model

Important Points

• Kelkar committee 2015 important points.
• Establishment of 3p in India.
• use the PPP model for airports, railways, and ports.
• Established the independent regulating agency.
• PPP should be used for a large project.
• The important point about Kelkar.
• Vijay Kelkar is an Indian economist.
• Birthplace Khamgaon (Maharastra) India.
• Padma Vibhusan -2011

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• Paper was invented by Cai Lun in China in the year AD 105.
• Cai Lun was a court official under the Han Dynasty.
• Cai Lun created paper with the help of tree bark(mulberry), Hemp waste, old rags and fishnets.
• In the start Paper was used for covering poisonous medicine and to cover the bronze mirror.
• In India, the first paper industry was established by Sultan Zainul Abedin in Kashmir.

Additional InformationAbout China

The correct answer is Living Organisms.

Key Points

• Ecosystem- The word Ecosystem was termed by 'Arthur Tansley' which means an interaction that occurs between Biotic and Abiotic components.
• The ecosystem is divided into two components Biotic and Abiotic components.
• Abiotic components consist of Sunlight, oxygen, moisture, minerals, temperature, soil and water.
• Biotic components consist of Living organisms which are Plants (Producers) and Animals (Consumers).

Additional Information

The correct answer is Yes Bank.

Key Points

• Yes, Bank has launched an ‘SMS Pay’ functionality on POS terminals, which would allow merchants to accept contactless and remote payments from their customers.
• It has partnered with French payment service company Worldline to launch the new facility.
• Customers can complete the payment through their domestic debit and credit cards.
• Through this service, local merchants can requests payment from their customers by entering their contact details.
• Following this an SMS would be sent to the customer's mobile number instantly for making payments.

Additional Information

• Yes Bank - Parent company name Yes Bank Limited
• Founder - Rana Kapoor, Ashok Kapoor
• Established in 2004.
• Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
• MD and CEO - Prashant Kumar
• Chairman - Sunil Mehta.

The correct answer is Melatonin

Key Points

• Melatonin is secreted by Pineal Gland.
• It is involved in the regulation of biological rhythms of the body and sleep.
• It is usually secreted in darkness hence also known as "Dracula of Hormones".
• Sometimes it can be consumed from external sources by mouth to adjust the body's internal clock, as well as its external supplements.
• The pineal Gland is situated in the middle of the human brain and is the major site of the body's melatonin.

Important Points

• Progesterone hormone is released during the course of pregnancy hence also known as pregnancy hormone.
• It inhibits the contraction of the uterus so that pregnancy can be sustained.
• Epinephrine also known as Adrenaline, is a hormone produced by adrenal glands and the small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata.
• It relaxes muscles in the airways and tightens the blood vessels.
• ​Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
• It controls the amount of glucose in the bloodstream at any given moment.

The correct answer is Andaman and Nicobar.

Key Points

• Barren Island is the only active volcano found in Andaman and Nicobar, India.
• ​It is a type of stratovolcano which is made up of lava, rock fragments and ash.
• It is the only active volcano in South Asian countries.
• There are six volcanoes found in India.
• Indian Deccan Plateau is also made up of lava.​

Additional Information

• Types of Volcanoes

1. Composite Volcanoes- They are coned-shaped long volcanoes made after forming a layer of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits and pumice.
2. Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanoes- They are found deep inside the ocean.
3. Caldera- They are acidic in nature and cause an explosive eruption. Ex-The Apolaki Caldera
4. Shield Volcanoes- They are made up of basalt and lava are fluid in nature. Ex-Hawaii Volcano

 Important Points

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Mission Shakti was launched in Uttar Pradesh in October 2020.
• ​It is an integrated women empowerment programme.
• It deals with the safety, security and empowerment of women.
• Its duration is for five years from 2021-22 to 2025-2026.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1976.

Key Points

• Ashapoorna Devi or Ashapurna Debi was a prominent Indian novelist and poet in Bengali.
• Ashapurna Devi was born in a BAIDIY family on 8 January 1909 in North Calcutta, dead on 13 July 1995.
• The Janpit Award is given for outstanding contribution towards literature".
• The Janpit Award for The novel Prothom Protishruti.

Additional Information

• About Janpit Award 
• ​Bharatiya Jnanpith is one of the premier literary organizations in India
• Jnanpith Award has achieved the recognition of the highest literary award in the country
• It the established on 1961
• First awarded on 1965
• Rewards 11th lakh
• First awarded -G Sankara Kurup
• 2020 awarded**, Nilmani Phookan Jr**

​

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• Cotton requires high temperature and bright sunshine for its growth.
• Among jute, cotton, and hemp, cotton is the most significant fibre crop in the country.
• In India, cotton grows in the Deccan region because of the well drier parts of the black cotton soil.
• As per the statistics, India was the second-largest producer of cotton after China in 2015.

Additional Information

• China is the leading producer of cotton.
• In 2019, India produced 6,423,000 metric tonnes of cotton whereas China produced 5,933,000 metric tonnes of cotton.
• However, in 2021-22, China produced 64,23,000 metric tonnes while India produced 61,62,000 metric tonnes of cotton.
• The USA is the third largest producer of cotton in the world after India and China.
• Bangladesh is in 8th position among cotton-producing countries.

The correct answer is Equal justice and free legal aid.

Key Points

• Article 39A of the Indian constitution deals with Equal justice and free legal aid to the poor.
• ​It is mentioned in the Directive Principle Of State Policy in Part IV of the Constitution.
• As the Directive Principle Of State Policy is a non-enforceable and non-justiceable part of the constitution.
• This means that they are not legally enforceable by the court on their violation.

 Additional Information

• Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states that Equality of the law and equal protection of the law which mean all people are equal in front of the law.
• Article 20 of the Indian Constitution states the Protection with respect to conviction of offenses.
• Article 26 of the Indian constitution provides Freedom to manage religious affairs.​

Important Points

The correct answer is Chandigarh.

Key Points 

• Chandigarh ranked first among Union Territories
• Kerala ranked first among large states
• Uterpardesh is the worst performer state.

Additional Information

• Public affairs index
• Public Affairs Centre – Not-for-Profit Organization (NPO) based in Bengaluru (Karnataka)
• In this index, PAC has released the ranking of states on the basis of three important pillars of governance
• growth, equity and sustainability
• Established in 1994 with a mandate to improve the quality of governance in India
• There are 10 themes in the Public Affairs Index

1. ​​Essential Infrastructure
2. Support to Human Development
3. Social Protection
4. Child and Women
5. Crime, Law and Order
6. Delivery of Justice
7. Environment
8. Transparency And Accountability
9. Fiscal Management and
10. Economic Freedom.

The correct answer is Chhattisgarh.

Key Points 

• The Saila dance is a folk dance and is performed during the post-harvest season.
• Saila is a stick dance that is famous among the people of Sarguja, Chhindwara, and Baitul districts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Other folk dances of Chattisgarh:
• Karma Dance- This dance form marks the end of the rainy season and the advent of spring.
• Suga Nacha- Usually called a parrot dance, it is performed during Goura’s wedding.
• Pandavani- Portray the account of Pandavas, the main characters of an epic battle.
• Panthi Dance- It is a prominent custom of the Satnami community of Chhattisgarh.
• The community celebrates the anniversary of the birth of Guru Ghasidas in Maghi Purnima.
• Rahas Dance- The Rahas dance is performed during festivals in Chattisgarh.
• It is an important folk dance in the Dhamtari district of the state.

The correct answer is Nepal.

Key Points

• Nepal's swimming sensation Gaurika Singh was the youngest athlete to compete in the last Olympic Games in Rio held in 2016.
• She holds a record of winning 4 gold medals in a season of the South Asian games held in Nepal in 2019.
• She won two silver and three bronze medals for swimming at the 2016 South Asian Games.
• She also participated in 2016, Summer Olympics in the Women's 100 Meter backstroke.
• She is also a goodwill brand ambassador of the Shanti Education Initiative Nepal.

Additional Information

• Date of Birth - 26-11-2002
• Sports - Swimming
• Coach - Adam Taylor

The correct answer is Nasera Sharma.

Key Points

• Nasera Sharma, is an Indian writer who writes in Hindi.
• She has published 10 Hindi languages novels.
• Some of her notable works are - Parijat, Mere Priya Kahaniyan, Jajira, Patthar Gali, Aurat ke liye Aurat and Ajnabi.
• The Vyas Samman is a literary award in India started in1991. It is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation. It includes a cash payout of Rs 4,00,000.

 Important Points

• Surendra Verma - is a Hindi litterateur and a playwright. His famous novels include "Do Murdon K Liye Guldasta", and "Mujhe Chand Chahiye" for which he was bestowed with Sahitya Academy Award.
• Leeladhar Jagudi - Is an Indian teacher, journalist, and poet of Hindi literature.
• He is the author of various poetry including "Natak Jari Hai. He is the recipient of the Sahitya Academy Award, for his 1997 anthology, Anubhav Ke Aakash Mein Chand.
• Mamta Kalia - is an Indian author and poet writing primarily in the Hindi language. She won the Vyas Samman in 2017 for her novel Dukhham Sukhham.

The correct answer is Munneswaram.

Key Points

• Munneswaram temple is a Hindu temple complex in Sri Lanka.
• The temple is one of the ancient Pancha Ishwarams dedicated to Shiva in the region.
• it is a collection of five temples, including a Buddhist temple.
• The central temple dedicated to Shiva (Siva) is the most prestigious and biggest and is popular amongst Hindus.
• The other temples are dedicated to Ganesha, Aiyanar and Kali.
• Munneswaram temple is situated in Munneswaram village, the centre of the spiritual and religious life of the people dwelling in a medieval administrative division called Munneswaram Pattuva.

Important Points

• Preah Vihear is an ancient Khmer temple that was constructed during the period of the Khmer Empire.
• It is situated on the top of a 525-metre cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains, in the Preah Vihear province of Cambodia.
• Katas Raj also known as Qila Katas is a temple located in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
• ​it is a complex of several Hindu temples connected to one another by walkaways.
• Pashupatinath Temple is located in Kathmandu, Nepal.
• ​It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiv.
• It was classified as World Heritage Site in 1979.

The correct answer is Third

Key Points

• India finished with 3rd rank in 2018, with 28 gold.
• India won a total of 66 medals including 26 gold,20 silver and 20 bronze.
• Table tennis sensation Manika Batra was India best athlete at the gold coasts games winning 4 medals.

Additional Information

• About commonwealth game
• The Games aim to unite the Commonwealth family through a glorious festival of sport
• The event was first held in 1930.
• The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 54 independent countries
• The origins of the Commonwealth come from Britain's former Empire
• Burma (also known as Myanmar) and Aden (now part of the Republic of Yemen) are the only states that were British colonies at the time of the war not to have joined the Commonwealth upon independence
• India and Pakistan were granted independence in 1947, they became members of the Commonwealth

​ 

Important Points

• Most medal in the commonwealth country name is Australia Gold 963 Silver 795 Bronze 729.
• Most medal rank India rank is 4th  Gold 184 Silver 176 Bronze 152.
• The next commonwealth game on 2022, the hosted country name is Birmingham England.

The correct answer is Cheap Metals.

Key Points

• Muhammad Bin Tuglaq maintained a large standing army.
• He used 'token currency' made out of cheap metals to pay his soldiers, which was not made out of gold or other precious metals.

Important Points

• He also paid his soldiers cash salaries.
• Due to famine, there was an increase in the price of commodities.
• Hence, rather than controlling the prices, he resorted to 'token' currency made out of cheap metals to pay his soldiers.
• Also, the agricultural produce from areas where his soldiers were stationed was collected as a tax to feed the army.
• People in the 14th century did not trust these cheap metal coins.
• People saved their gold and silver currency and paid their taxes with currency made out of cheap metals.
• Hence, this policy of 'token currency' was a failure.

The correct answer is Lakshmi Vilas Bank.

Key Points

• The RBI appointed T.N. Manoharan, a former non-executive chairman of Canara Bank, as the administrator of Lakshmi Vilas Bank (LVB) on 17 November 2020 for a period of 30 days.
• The Reserve Bank of India put LVB under the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) citing high bad loans, insufficient capital, negative return on assets, and high leverage to its list of reasons.

Additional Information 

• According to Manoharan, one of the reasons for its downfall was shifting from retail loans towards the corporate sector. And, then a big chunk of the corporate sector loans went bad.
• The RBI’s proposed plan is to merge the bank with Development Bank of Singapore (DBS), India with an upfront capital infusion of ₹2,500 crores.
• By using the powers conferred under Sub-section (1) and (2) of Section 36 A C A of the Banking Regulation Act 1949, the Reserve Bank, in consultation with Central Government, took these major steps.
• Major restrictions imposed and actions taken by the RBI:
• 30-day moratorium from 17 November to 16 December 2020.
• It has also restricted withdrawals by depositors at Rs 25,000 from savings and current accounts, and expenditure on any item at Rs 50,000 per month.
• The RBI superseded its board of existing directors and appointed an administrator.
• ​However, the RBI may allow the bank to make payment of more than ₹25,000 to its depositor to meet unforeseen expenses, which would include medical treatment cost of the depositor or his family, or higher education cost.

Given:

Apples left after selling 40% apples = 540 apples

Concept:

A percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.

To calculate the per cent of a number, divide the number by the whole and multiply by 100. Hence the percentage means, a part per hundred.

Calculation:

According to the question

Total apples = 100%

Remaining apples = 100% - 40% = 60%

So, 60% apples = 540 

⇒ 100% apples = (540/60) × 100

⇒ 900 apples

∴ The fruit seller originally had 900 apples.

Given:

The ratio of the salary of an officer and a clerk = 11 : 4

The monthly increase in officer's salary = Rs.7000

The monthly increase in clerk's salary = Rs.3000

The ratio of their final salaries = 19 : 7

Calculation:

Let the monthly salary of an officer = 11x and that of a clerk = 4x

Increased salary of the officer = 11x + 7000

Increased salary of the clerk = 4x + 3000

The ratio of final salaries = 19 : 7 

∴ (11x + 7000)/(4x + 3000) = 19/7

⇒ 7 × (11x + 7000) = 19 × (4x + 3000)

⇒ 77x + 49000 = 76x + 57000

⇒ x = 57000 - 49000

⇒ x = 8000

Initial salary of the officer = 11 × 8000 = Rs.88000

∴ The initial salary of the officer was Rs.88,000.

Alternate Method 

Using ratio method

⇒ (11 × 7) - (19 × 4) → (19 × Rs.3000) - (7 × Rs.7000)

⇒ 77 - 76 →  Rs.57000 - Rs.49000

⇒ 1 → Rs.8000

⇒ 11 → 11 × Rs.8000 = Rs.88000 

∴ Initial salary of the officer = Rs.88,000.

Given:

When the greatest seven-digit number is divided by 10, 15, 20, 24, and 30, leaves the remainder 6, 11, 16, 20, and 26 respectively

Concept used:

LCM or the least common multiple of two numbers is the smallest number that is the multiple of both of them.

Prime numbers are numbers that have exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself.

Calculations:

Prime factors of all the given numbers will be

10 = 2 × 5

15 = 3 × 5

20 = 2 × 2 × 5

24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

30 = 2 × 3 × 5

LCM of 10, 15, 20, 24, and 30 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120

Now, the largest seven-digit number is = 9999999

On dividing 9999999 by 120 we get 39 as the remainder

So, the largest seven-digit number divisible by 120 is = 9999999 - 39 = 9999960

But according to the question,

When divided by 10, 15, 20, 24, and 30, leaves the remainder 6, 11, 16, 20, and 26 respectively

So, Common remainder = (10 - 6) = (15 - 11) = (20 - 16) = (24 - 20) = (30 - 26) = 4

∴ 4 should be subtracted from 9999960 to get the required number 

⇒ Required number = 9999960 - 4 = 9999956.

∴ 9999956 is the greatest seven-digit number which when divided by 10, 15, 20, 24, and 30 leaves the remainder 6, 11, 16, 20, and 26 respectively.

Given:

12 - [3 + {4 of 2 ÷ 8 - (8 - 6 ÷ 3)}]

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

12 - [3 + {4 of 2 ÷ 8 - (8 - 6 ÷ 3)}]

⇒ 12 - [3 + {8 ÷ 8 - (8 - 2)}]

⇒ 12 - [3 + {1 - 6}]

⇒ 12 - [3 - 5]

⇒ 12 + 2

⇒ 14

∴ The value of 12 - [3 + {4 of 2 ÷ 8 - (8 - 6 ÷ 3)}] is 14.

Shortcut Trick

Find the difference between the numbers: 3073 − 1756 = 1317 and 4829 − 3073 = 1756.

The HCF must be a factor of these differences.

Difference between 1756 and 1317 = 439.

Check if 439 divides all: 1756 ÷ 439 = 4, 3073 ÷ 439 = 7, 4829 ÷ 439 = 11.

So, x = 439. Product of digits = 4 × 3 × 9 = 108.

∴ The correct answer is 108.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers are 1756, 3073, and 4829.

Formula Used: HCF by Long Division Method.

⇒ Step 1: Divide 3073 by 1756

⇒ 3073 = 1756 × 1 + 1317

⇒ 1756 = 1317 × 1 + 439

⇒ 1317 = 439 × 3 + 0

⇒ HCF of (1756, 3073) is 439.

⇒ Step 2: Check if 439 divides 4829

⇒ 4829 = 439 × 11 + 0

⇒ Therefore, x = 439.

⇒ Product of digits of x = 4 × 3 × 9

⇒ Product = 108.

∴ The correct answer is 108.

Additional Information

HCF Property

The HCF of a set of numbers is always a factor of the difference between any two numbers in that set.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are said to be co-prime if their HCF is 1. In this problem, the quotients 4, 7, and 11 are co-prime.

Given:

Length of train = 253 m

Speed = 60 km/h

Time = 42 seconds

Concept used:

Distance = Speed × Time

The distance covered by the train in crossing the bridge will be equal to the sum of the lengths of the train and the bridge.

Calculation:

Distance covered by the train = length of train + length of bridge

Speed = 60km/h = 60 × 5/18 m/sec

⇒ 50/3 m/sec

Distance covered = speed × time

⇒ 50/3 × 42 = 700 m 

∴ Length of bridge + Length of train = 700

⇒ Length of bridge + 253 = 700

⇒ 700 - 253 = 447 m 

∴ The length of the bridge is 447 m.

Given:

Selling price = Rs.846

loss % = 6%

Formula used:

Gain = SP - CP

Gain % = Gain/CP × 100

Loss = CP - SP

Loss % = Loss/CP × 100

Where CP = Cost price, and SP = Selling price

Calculation:

Let the CP be 100a

Loss = 100a × 6/100 = 6a (∵ loss is 6% of CP)

SP = CP - loss

⇒ 100a - 6a = 94a

According to the question, 

94a = Rs.846

1a = Rs.9

100a = Rs.900 

CP = Rs.900

Gain = 8%

Gain = 900 × 8/100 = Rs.72 (∵ gain is 8% of CP)

SP = CP + Gain = 900 + 72 = Rs.972

∴ To gain 8% Rima should sell it for Rs.972

Alternate Method

Loss = 6%

Then according to the formula

⇒ 6 = {(CP - 846)/CP} × 100

⇒ 6/100 = 1 - 846/CP

⇒ 846/CP = 1 - 0.06 = 0.94

⇒ CP = 846/0.94

⇒ CP = Rs.900

Now, Gain = 8%

⇒ 8 = (SP - 900)/900 × 100

⇒ 0.08 = SP/900 - 1

⇒ SP/900 = 1.08

⇒ SP = 1.08 × 900 = Rs.972

∴ To gain 8% Rima should sell it for Rs.972

Shortcut Trick

Direct formula for stoppage time per hour:

Stoppage time = [(Faster Speed − Slower Speed) ÷ Faster Speed] × 60 minutes

Stoppage time = [(60 − 42) ÷ 60] × 60

Stoppage time = (18 ÷ 60) × 60 = 18 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 18 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed without stoppages = 60 km/h

Speed with stoppages = 42 km/h

Formula Used:

Stoppage time per hour = Distance not covered due to stoppages ÷ Speed without stoppages

Calculations:

⇒ Distance covered in 1 hour without stoppage = 60 km

⇒ Distance actually covered in 1 hour with stoppage = 42 km

⇒ Loss in distance due to stoppage = 60 − 42 = 18 km

⇒ Time required to cover this 18 km at the normal speed of 60 km/h represents the total stoppage time.

⇒ Time = Distance ÷ Speed

⇒ Stoppage time = 18 ÷ 60 hours

⇒ To convert into minutes, multiply by 60.

⇒ Stoppage time = (18 ÷ 60) × 60 = 18 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 18 minutes.

Additional Information

Average Speed with Stoppages

It is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken, including both driving time and the time the vehicle was stationary.

Average Speed without Stoppages

It is the total distance traveled divided by the actual driving time only, completely ignoring any stopping periods.

Direct Formula for Stoppage Time

Stoppage time per hour = (Faster speed − Slower speed) ÷ Faster speed. To get the time in minutes, simply multiply the fraction by 60.

Given:

Principal = Rs.8000

Time = 2$1 \over 8$ years

Rate = 16% p.a.

Formula used:

Amount = Principal × (1 + Rate/100)ⁿ

Where n = time

The effective rate percentage for two years at R% p.a. = R + R + R²/100

Where R% is given rate per cent per annum

Calculation:

The effective rate of interest for the first two years at the rate of 16% p.a.

⇒ 16 + 16 + (16 × 16)/100 = 32 + 2.56

⇒ 34.56%

For the remaining 1/8 year, Rate = 16/8 = 2% p.a.

 ∴ The effective rate of interest for the total time period of 2$1 \over 8$ years

⇒ 34.56 + 2 + (34.56 × 2)/100

⇒ 36.56 + 0.6912

⇒ Effective rate % = 37.2512%

Compound Interest = 8000 × 37.2512/100

⇒ 80 × 37.2512

⇒ 2980.09

∴ The compound interest is Rs.2980.

Shortcut Trick

The sum of two numbers in the ratio 7 : 4 must be a multiple of (7 + 4) = 11.

Checking the options: (1) 35, (2) 33, (3) 32, (4) 42.

Only 33 is exactly divisible by 11.

∴ The correct answer is 33.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of numbers = 7 : 4

Difference of squares = 297

Let the numbers be 7x and 4x.

⇒ (7x)² − (4x)² = 297

⇒ 49x² − 16x² = 297

⇒ 33x² = 297

⇒ x² = 297 ÷ 33

⇒ x² = 9

⇒ x = √9 = 3

⇒ Sum of the numbers = 7x + 4x = 11x

⇒ Sum = 11 × 3 = 33

∴ The correct answer is 33.

Additional Information

Ratio and Absolute Values

If two numbers are in ratio a : b, they can be taken as ax and bx, where x is the highest common factor (HCF).

Difference of Squares Formula

The algebraic identity a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b) can also be used to simplify calculations involving squares of numbers.

Sum of Terms in Ratio

The sum of two numbers in ratio a : b will always be a multiple of the sum of the ratio parts (a + b).

Given:

Principal = Rs.3000

Time = 3 years

Rate = 20% p.a. compounded half yearly

Formula used:

Amount = Principal × (1 + Rate/100)ⁿ

where n = time

Effective rate of interest for 2 years = R + R + R²/100

Effective rate of interest for 3 years = 3R + 3R²/100 + R³/10000

Where R = rate of interest per annum

Calculation:

Since it is compounded half-yearly, the rate of interest is considered for the half year

∴ Rate = 20%/2 = 10%

Time = 3 years, which is equal to 6 half years

∴ n = 6

Now, for compound interest

Amount = Principal × (1 + Rate/100)⁶

⇒ 3000 × (1 + 10/100)⁶

⇒ 3000 × (11/10)⁶ 

⇒ 3000 × (1.1)⁶ = 3000 × (1.21)³

⇒ 3000 × 1.771 = 5314.683

⇒ Amount = Rs.5314.683

Interest = Amount - Principal 

⇒ 5314.683 - 3000

⇒ Rs.2314.683 ≈ Rs.2315

∴ The Compounded interest compounded half yearly is Rs.2315

Alternate Method Effective rate of interest for 3 years

⇒ (3 × 10) + {3 × (10)²}/100 + 10³/10000

⇒ 30 + 3 + 0.1

⇒33.1%

The effective rate for 6 years = 33.1 + 33.1 + (33.1)²/100

⇒ 66.2 + 10.9561 = 77.156%

compound interest = Principal × effective rate of interest for 3 years

⇒ 3000 × 77.156/100

⇒ 2314.68 ≈ 2315

∴ The Compounded interest compounded half yearly is Rs.2315.

Given:

Expenditure = 74% of the income

Expenditure increases by 30%

Savings increase by 25%

Formula used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Percentage increase = {(New value - Old value)/Old value} × 100

Calculation:

Let the income be 100

Expenditure = 100 × 74/100 = 74

Savings = 100 - 74 = 26

Now, Expenditure increases by 30% and savings increases by 25%

New Expenditure = 74 + 74 × 30/100 = 74 + 22.2 = 96.2

New savings = 26 + 26 × 25/100 = 26 + 6.5 = 32.5

New income = 96.2 + 32.5 = 128.7

Percentage increase in income = {(New income  - Old income)/Old income} × 100

⇒ {(128.7 - 100 )/100} × 100 

⇒ 28.7%

∴ The percentage increase in income is 28.7%.

Alternate Method Using the weighted average method

Percentage increase in Income = 25% + (5% × 37)/(37 + 13)

⇒ 25% + 185%/50 = 25% + 3.7%

⇒ 28.7% 

∴ The percentage increase in income is 28.7%.

Given:

($1 \over 4$×$3 \over 4$÷1$1 \over 4$of $2 \over 5$) ÷ ($3 \over 4$÷ 1$2 \over 3$of$4 \over 5$) - ($1 \over 2$-$1 \over 2$×$1 \over 4$)

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

⇒ (1/4 × 3/4 ÷ 5/4 of 2/5) ÷ (3/4 ÷ 5/3 of 4/5) - (1/2 - 1/2 × 1/4)

⇒ (1/4 × 3/4 ÷ 1/2) ÷ (3/4 ÷ 4/3) - (1/2 - 1/8)

⇒ (1/4 × 3/2) ÷ (9/16) - (3/8)

⇒ (3/8) ÷ (9/16) - (3/8)

⇒ 3/8 × 16/9 - 3/8

⇒ 2/3 - 3/8 = (16 - 9)/24 = 7/24

∴ The value of the given expression is 7/24.

Shortcut Trick

Let the total value of goods be 1200 units (LCM of 3 and 4).

Profit on 1/3rd (400 units) at 15% = +60 units; Profit on 1/4th (300 units) at 20% = +60 units.

Loss on remaining goods (500 units) at 10% = −50 units.

Net profit = 60 + 60 − 50 = 70 units = ₹350 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹5.

Total original value = 1200 units × 5 = ₹6000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹6000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Fraction of goods at 15% profit = 1/3

Fraction of goods at 20% profit = 25% = 1/4

Remaining goods = 1 − (1/3 + 1/4) = 1 − 7/12 = 5/12 (sold at 10% loss)

Total profit earned = ₹350

Formula Used:

Overall Profit/Loss % = Σ (Fraction of part × Individual Profit/Loss %)

1/3 at +15% 1/4 at +20% 5/12 at −10%

Total Goods (Original Value = ₹6000)

Overall Profit % = 10% − (25/6)% = (35/6)% (35/6)% of Total Value = ₹350

Calculations:

⇒ Overall Profit % = (1/3 × 15%) + (1/4 × 20%) − (5/12 × 10%)

⇒ Overall Profit % = 5% + 5% − (50/12)%

⇒ Overall Profit % = 10% − (25/6)% = (60 − 25) / 6 % = 35/6 %

Let the original value of the goods be ₹x.

⇒ 35/6 % of x = 350

⇒ x × (35 / 600) = 350

⇒ x = (350 × 600) / 35

⇒ x = 10 × 600 = 6000

∴ The correct answer is ₹6000.

Additional Information

Overall Profit / Loss Percentage

When parts of an item are sold at different profit or loss percentages, the overall profit/loss percent is the weighted sum: Net % = Σ (Fraction of part × Profit/Loss %).

Sign Convention for Profit and Loss

Always use a positive sign (+) for profit percentages and a negative sign (−) for loss percentages in the formula to compute the effective outcome.

Fraction Equivalents

Percentages can be directly substituted by their fractional values to simplify calculations (e.g., 25% = 1/4). The remaining fraction is calculated by subtracting the sum of given parts from 1.

Given:

Distance between A and B = 700 km

Speed of train from A to B = 80 km/h

Speed of train from B to A = 65 km/h

Concept used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Average speed = Total distance travelled/Total time taken

Calculation:

Time taken by train from A to B = Distance/Speed = 700/80 

Time taken by train from B to A = 700/65 

Average speed during the whole journey = Total distance/Total time

⇒ (700 + 700)/[(700/80 + 700/65)]

⇒ (700 + 700)/[700 × (1/80 + 1/65)]

⇒ (2 × 700)/[700 × (13 + 16)/1040]

⇒ 2/(29/1040)

⇒ (1040 × 2)/29 = 71.72 km/h

∴ The average speed of the train during the whole journey is 71.72 km/h.

Shortcut Trick 

If the distance travelled in both the cases is same, then we can apply this formula,

Average speed = (2 × product of the two speeds)/(Sum of the two speeds)

⇒ (2 × 80 × 65)/(80 + 65)

⇒ 10400/145 = 71.72 km/h

∴ The average speed of the train during the whole journey is 71.72 km/h.

Given:

Three successive discounts are 7%, 12%, and 5%

Concept used:

Discount = original value × (1 - R%)

Where R% = rate of discount percent

If R₁ and R₂ are two rates of discounts, then

Successive rate of discount = R₁ + R₂ - R₁R₂/100

Calculation:

Let the original value be 100

Applying discounts

⇒ Discounted value = 100 × (100 - 7)/100 × (100 - 12)/100 × (100 - 5)/100

⇒ (93 × 88 × 95)/10000

⇒ 77.748

Equivalent discount = (100 - 77.748)/100 × 100 = 22.252% 

∴ A single Equivalent discount of three successive discounts of 7%, 12% and 5% is 22.252%.

Alternate MethodIf X% and Y% are two different rate of discounts. Then,

Effective Rate of discount = X + Y - XY/100

Effective discount rate of 7% and 12% will be

⇒ 7 + 12 - (7 × 12)/100

⇒ 19 - 0.84 = 18.16%

Now, the effective discount rate of 18.16% and 5%

⇒ 18.16 + 5 - (18.16 × 5)/100

⇒ 23.16 - 0.908 = 22.252 %

∴ A single Equivalent discount of three successive discounts of 7%, 12% and 5% is 22.252%.

Given:

Loss = 8%

Selling Price = Rs.18400

Concept used:

Profit = SP - CP

Profit % = Profit/CP × 100

Loss = CP - SP

Loss % = Loss/CP × 100

Where CP = Cost price and SP = Selling Price

Profit % and Loss % are always calculated on the Cost price

Calculation:

Let the Cost price be 100a

Loss = 100a × 8/100 = 8a

Selling Price = 100a - 8a = 92a

But according to the question, Selling price = Rs.18400

∴ 92a = 18400

⇒ 1a = Rs.200

⇒ 100a = Rs. 20000

⇒ Cost price = Rs.20000

Profit = 20000 × 5/100 = Rs.1000 (∵ 5% profit)

Selling price = 20000 + 1000 = Rs.21000

∴ The TV should be sold for Rs.21,000 to earn a 5% profit.

Given:

The sides of a triangular field are 85m, 85m, and 154m

Formula used:

Area of any triangle = 1/2 × base × height

Area of an isosceles triangle = b/4 × [√(4a² - b²)]

Where a = length of the two equal sides of the triangle

and b = length of the remaining side

Calculation:

As the length of the two sides are equal, therefore the triangle is an isosceles triangle

Area of an isosceles triangle = b/4 × [√(4a2 - b2)]

Here a = 85 m and b = 154 m 

⇒ Area= 154/4 × [√(4 × 85² - 154²)]

⇒ 154/4 × [√(4 × 7225 - 23716)]

⇒ 154/4 × [√(28900 - 23716)] = 154/4 × √5184

⇒ 154/4 × 72

⇒ 2772 m²

∴ The area of the triangular field is 2772 m².

Alternate Method In an isosceles triangle the height bisects the base of the triangle 

 

 Hence,

the height of the triangle can be find out using Pythagoras theorem as 

Height² = Hypotenuse² - Base²

⇒ 85² - 77² = 7225 - 5929

⇒ Height = √1296 = 36 m

Area of the triangle = 1/2 × base × height

⇒ 1/2 × 154 × 36

⇒ 77 × 36 = 2772 m²

∴ The area of the triangular field is 2772 m2.

Given:

A can complete the work in 10 days

B can complete the work in 15 days

They together work for 5 days

Concept used:

Work done = Efficiency × Time taken

Efficiency ∝ 1/Time

Calculation:

The efficiency of A = 1/10

The efficiency of B = 1/15

Total efficiency = 1/10 + 1/15

Total time = 5 days

Now, Work done = Efficiency × Time taken

⇒ (1/10 + 1/15) × 5

⇒ (5/30) × 5

⇒ Work done = 5/6

∴ Remaining work = 1 - 5/6 = 1/6

∴ The 1/6 part of the work is left.

Alternate Method

 

Total work = 30 units

Efficiency of A = 3 units/day

Efficiency of B = 2 units/day

Work done by A and B together in 5 days

⇒ (3 + 2) × 5 = 25 units

Remaining work = 30 - 25 = 5 units

Fraction of remaining work = Remaining work/Total work

⇒ 5/30

⇒ 1/6

∴ The 1/6 part of the work is left.

Given:

Discount% = 25%

Selling Price = Rs.6873

Formula used:

Discount = Marked Price - Selling Price

Discount percentage = (Discount/Marked price) × 100

Calculation:

Let the original selling price or marked price be Rs.x

Discount = x - 6873

Discount % = 25 = {(x - 6873)/x} × 100

⇒ 25/100 = 1 - 6873/x

⇒ 1/4 = 1 - 6873/x

⇒ 6873/x = 1 - 1/4

⇒ 6873/x = 3/4

⇒ x = (6873 × 4)/3

⇒ x = Rs.9164

∴ The original selling price of the perfume is Rs.9164.

Alternate Method Let the original selling price or marked price be 100

Then, Discount = 100 × 25/100 = 25

Selling price = 100 - 25 = 75

But, according to the question, the selling price after discount is Rs.6873

∴ 75 = Rs.6873

⇒ 1 = 6873/75

⇒ 100 = 100 × 6873/75 = Rs. 9164

∴ Original selling price = Rs.9164.

Given:

The ratio of ages of A and B one year ago = 4 : 3

After 7 years from now, the ratio of their ages  = 9 : 7

Calculation:

Let the age of A, one year ago = 4x and 

Age of B one year ago = 3x

Then, Present age of A = 4x + 1

And present age of B = 3x + 1

After 7 years,

A's age = 4x + 8

B's age = 3x + 8

The ratio of their ages after 7 years = 9 : 7

⇒ (4x + 8)/(3x + 8) = 9/7

⇒ 7 × (4x + 8) = 9 × (3x + 8)

⇒ 28x + 56 = 27x + 72

⇒ x = 72 - 56 = 16

∴ Present age of B = (3x + 1) = (3 × 16) + 1 = 49 years

∴ The present age of B is 49 years.

Alternate Method

 

Using the cross-multiplication method 

⇒ (7 × 4) - (9 × 3) = (9 × 8) years - (7 × 8) years

⇒ 28 - 27 = 72 years - 56 years

⇒ 1 = 16 years

⇒ 3 = 16 × 3 = 48 years

∴ B's age one year ago = 48 years

B's present age = 48 + 1 = 49 years.

Shortcut Trick

Direct relationship between Volume (V) and Diagonal (d) of a cube: V = d³ / (3√3).

Substitute the given volume: 192√3 = d³ / (3√3)

⇒ d³ = 192√3 × 3√3 = 192 × 3 × 3 = 192 × 9 = 1728

⇒ d = ³√1728 = 12 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 12 cm.

Alternate Method

Given: Volume of the cube = 192√3 cm³.

Formula Used:

1. Volume of cube = a³ (where 'a' is the side length).
2. Diagonal of cube = a√3.

Calculations:

⇒ a³ = 192√3

⇒ a³ = 64 × 3 × √3

⇒ a³ = 4³ × (√3)² × √3

⇒ a³ = 4³ × (√3)³

⇒ a = 4 × √3 = 4√3 cm

Now, finding the length of the diagonal:

⇒ Diagonal = a × √3

⇒ Diagonal = (4√3) × √3

⇒ Diagonal = 4 × 3 = 12 cm

∴ The correct answer is 12 cm.

Additional Information

Properties of a Cube

Total Surface Area (TSA) = 6a² and Lateral Surface Area (LSA) = 4a².

Face Diagonal

The diagonal of any single face of a cube is given by the formula a√2.

Relationship between Side and Diagonal

Side (a) = Diagonal / √3. This is derived from Pythagoras theorem in 3D space.

Given:

15 boys can complete the work in 10 days

12 girls can complete the work in 15 days

Concept used:

Work = Efficiency × Time

Efficiency ∝ 1/Time

Calculation:

The efficiency of 15 boys = 1/10

The efficiency of 12 girls = 1/15

Total Efficiency = 1/Total time

Total efficiency = Efficiency of 15 boys + Efficiency of 12 girls

⇒ 1/Total time = 1/10 + 1/15

⇒ 1/Total time = (3 + 2)/30

⇒ 1/Total time = 5/30

⇒ 1/Total time = 1/6

⇒ Total time = 6 days

∴ 15 boys and 12 girls work together and complete the work in 6 days.

Alternate Method

Efficiency of 15 boys = 3 units/day

Efficiency of 12 girls = 2 units/day

Total work = 30 units

Time taken by boys and girls together to complete the work = 30/(3 + 2)

⇒ 30/5 = 6 days

∴ 15 boys and 12 girls work together and complete the work in 6 days.

Given:

The average of six numbers A, B, C, D, E and F is 58

A = 2/5 × (B + C)

A = 3/4 × (D + E + F)

Concept used:

Sum of values = Average of values × Total number of values

Calculation:

Sum = Average × Total number of values

⇒ A + B + C + D + E + F = 58 × 6 = 348      ---(1)

Also, 2/5 × (B + C) = A 

⇒ B + C = 5/2 × A      ---(2)

3/4 × (D + E + F) = A

⇒ D + E + F = 4/3 × A      ---(3)

Substituting the values of equations (2) and (3) in equation (1), we get

⇒ A + 5/2 × A + 4/3 × A = 348

⇒ (6A + 15A + 8A)/6 = 348

⇒ 29A = 348 × 6 = 2088

⇒ A = 2088/29 = 72

∴ From equation (1),

B + C = 5/2 × 72 = 180

∴ The value of the sum of B and C is 180.

Given:

The first amount = Rs.12740 in 4 years

The second amount = Rs.15925 in ${7{1 \over 2}}$ years

The rate is the same for both amounts and is calculated at simple interest.

Formula used:

Simple interest = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P × (1 + RT/100)

Where P = principal, R = Rate of interest, T = time 

Calculation:

Let the Rate of interest be R % and the Principal be P

Then, according to the formula 

⇒ 12740 = P × (1 + (4R)/100)      ---(1)

also, 15925 = P × (1 + 15R/200)      ---(2)

On dividing both the equations, we get

12740/15925 = 2 × (100 + 4R)/(200 + 15R)

⇒ 4/5 = 2 × (100 + 4R)/(200 + 15R)

⇒ (100 + 4R)/(200 + 15R) = 2/5

⇒ 5 × (100 + 4R) = 2 × (200 + 15R)

⇒ 500 + 20R = 400 + 30R

⇒ 10R = 100 

⇒ R = 10%

Now, from equation (1)

12740 = P × (1 + 40/100)

⇒ P = 12740 × 100/140

⇒ P = Rs.9100

∴ Principal = Rs.9100 and Rate percentage per annum = 10%.

The erroneous part is option 4) i.e. ‘seems to steep’.

 

Key Points 

• The error lies in the part ‘seems to steep’.
• According to the rule of grammar, after 'to' a verb is used in the present form i.e. to+V1.
• Example:
• ​Sima wants to eat biryani.
• ​Here in the given sentence, 'steep' is used after 'to.'
• 'steep' is an adjective, used here to clarify the elevation and nature of the mountain.
• So here we should use 'too' after 'seems' to show the level of steepness.
• Therefore we must remove 'to' and use 'too' to make the sentence error-free.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

 

Correct sentence: The mountain seems too steep for us to climb.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'gaily'.

 

Key Points 

• The given sentence is talking about a person who becomes happy seeing his mother and runs towards her and hugs her.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'gaily'.
• The word 'gaily' means brightly or in a happy manner.
• Example:
• ​Neeta gaily accepts Mukesh's proposal to marry her.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: He ran towards his mother gaily and hugged her.

 

Additional Information 

• Let's know the meaning of other options

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'very well'.

 

Key Points 

• The error lies in Part (very good) of the sentence.
• The structure of the given sentence is incorrect.
• In the given sentence we have to modify the verb 'works,' and an adverb modifies a verb.
• Here 'good' is not an adverb but an adjective that can modify a noun.
• So we need to replace 'good' with 'well' which is an adverb.
• Therefore, the use of 'very good' in the sentence should be replaced with 'very well' to make it grammatically correct.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct sentence: The laptop that I bought last week works very well.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'Igloo'.

 

Key Points 

• Let's look at the meaning of the marked option:
• ​Igloo- a circular house made of blocks of hard snow, especially as built by the people of northern North America.
• Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• ​Burrow- a hole in the ground dug by an animal such as a rabbit, especially to live in.
• Den- the lair of a wild usually predatory animal.
• Cave- a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, or mountain, or one that is underground.
• Hence, from the given meanings, we find that ‘Igloo’ is the correct one-word substitute.

 

Correct one-word substitute: Igloo.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'Inert'.

 

Key Points 

• Let's look at the meaning of the marked option:
• ​Inert- lacking the power to move; very slow to move or act​.
• Synonyms of 'Inert'- dead, dormant, inactive, latent, off, unused
• Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• ​Lazy- not willing to work or use any effort.
• Idle- lazy and not willing to work.
• Lax- without much care, attention, or control.
• Hence, from the given meanings, we find that ‘Inert’ is the correct one-word substitute.

 

Correct one-word substitute: Inert

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. 'Tender'.

 

Key Points 

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• ​Crisp- used to describe cooked foods, that are well cooked so that they are just dry and hard enough.
• Tender- used to describe meat or vegetables easy to cut or chew.
• Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• ​Hard- not easy to bend, cut, or break.
• Fresh- used to describe food or flowers that are recently picked, made, or cooked.
• Rotten-  to undergo decomposition from the action of bacteria or fungi; to go to ruin.
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that ‘Crisp’ and ‘Tender’ are antonyms.
• So, the correct answer is option 4.

​

Additional Information 

• Let's look at the synonyms and antonyms for the given word 'Crisp':
• Synonyms: firm, crunchy, crumbly, fresh, brittle, unwilted, dry, hard.
• Antonyms: soft, limp, mild, shabby, nasty, foul.

The erroneous spelling is i.e. “Miscelleneous”.

 

Key Points

• The correct spelling is ‘Miscellaneous’.
• ‘Miscellaneous’ refers to a mixture of various things that are not usually connected with each other:
• Example:
• *Rohan's job profile consists of miscellaneous work.*​
• Some synonyms of the word 'Miscellaneous' are mixed, varied, assorted, eclectic, heterogeneous, indiscriminate
• Therefore, **'**Miscelleneous' is incorrectly spelled in the given question.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

​

 

Additional Information  

• Let's know the meaning of other options

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. 'Yield'.

 

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• ​Reign- to rule a country, or to have power or control.
• Yield- to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to.
• Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:
• ​Manage- to be responsible for controlling or organizing someone or something.
• Govern- to control and manage a country, city, group of people, etc.
• Influence- the power to have an effect on people or things, or someone or something having such power.
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that ‘​Reign’ and ‘Yield’ are antonyms.
• So, the correct answer is option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Let's look at the synonyms and antonyms for the given word 'Reign':
• Synonyms: govern, rule, monitor, preside (over), administer, command, control.
• Antonyms: impotence, impotency, powerlessness, helplessness, weakness .

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. “A lot of money.”

 

Key Points

• Let’s look at the meaning of the given idiom/ phrase:
• The phrase ‘Big bucks’ means a large amount of money.
• Example:
• ​Buying a house in Mumbai is a matter of big bucks.
• Hence, the only possible answer is option 1 ‘A lot of money’, which exactly resembles the meaning of the given idiom/ phrase.

 

Correct meaning: A lot of money

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. 'am talking'.

 

Key Points

• The error lies in Part (talk) of the sentence.
• The structure of the given sentence is incorrect.
• Here the given sentence is in present tense and two actions are taking place here 'Don’t disturb me' and 'I am talking.'
• In such cases after 'while' we need to use the continuous form of the verb.
• Therefore, we should remove 'talk' (present form) and use 'am talking' (continuous form).
• Therefore, the use of 'talk' in the sentence should be replaced with 'am talking' to make it grammatically correct**.**
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct sentence: Don’t disturb me while I am talking to someone on the phone.