SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 17th November 2021 Shift 2)

Given:

• 6 people sitting in each row and facing a person of the other row.
• In row 1, A, B, C, D, E and F are seated and all of them are facing north.
• In row 2, O, P, Q, R, S and T are seated and all of them are facing south.

 

1. P is third to the left of S. Neither P nor S are sitting at the extreme ends of any row.

2. F, faces O, who is second to the right of T, and T is not an immediate neighbour to S.

Here, O is second to the right of T.

3. Only two people are sitting between Q and T.

4. C, is third to the right of B. C is not an immediate neighbour to either E or A.

5. A, is not facing R.

Here two cases are possible:

Case 1:

Case 2:

So from the both cases 'RE' and 'TC or TD' pairs are sitting at the extreme ends but TD pair is not given in any options.

Thus we will take pairs of "RE' and 'TC".

Hence, 'RE' and 'TC' pairs are sitting at the extreme ends

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Let the number is ‘x’

Given:

1) A number is subtracted from 4 times of it

=> 4x – x = 3x

2) Then, the number obtained is added to its (the resultant’s) next number the answer as 91.

=> 3x + (3x + 1) = 91

=> 6x = 91 – 1

=> 6x = 90

=> x = 90 / 6

=> x = 15

Hence, ‘15’ was the original number.

 Shortcut Trick

Now, check the options (4):

The number is 15

The number is subtracted from 4 times it and then → (15 × 4) - 15 = 60 - 15 = 45

The number obtained is added to its (the resultant’s) next number → 45 + 46 = 91 (Proved)

Hence, ‘15’ was the original number.

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, '135' is the correct answer.

The pattern follows here is:

14 × 2 + 5 = 28 + 5 = 33

33 × 2 + 5 = 66 + 5 = 71

71 × 2 + 5 = 142 + 5 = 147

147 × 2 + 5 = 294 + 5 = 299

299 × 2 + 5 = 598 + 5 = 603

Hence, correct answer is “603”

According to the BODMAS rule:

Option 1 : × and –

Given:

16 ÷ 32 × 128 + 9 – 17 = – 4

After interchange the signs;

16 ÷ 32 - 128 + 9 × 17 = – 4

By BODMAS rule

0.5 - 128 + 9 × 17 = – 4

0.5 - 128 + 153 = – 4

153.5 - 128 = – 4

25.5 = - 4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 2 : ÷ and +

Given:

16 ÷ 32 × 128 + 9 – 17 = – 4

After interchange the signs;

16 + 32 × 128 ÷ 9 – 17 = – 4

By BODMAS rule

16 + 32 × 14.23 – 17 = – 4

16 + 455.36 – 17 = – 4

471.36 – 17 = – 4

454.36 = - 4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 3 : × and ÷

Given:

16 ÷ 32 × 128 + 9 – 17 = – 4

After interchange the signs;

16 × 32 ÷ 128 + 9 – 17 = – 4

By BODMAS rule

16 × 0.25 + 9 – 17 = – 4

4 + 9 – 17 = – 4

13 – 17 = – 4

- 4 = - 4 (LHS = RHS)

Option 4 : + and –

Given:

16 ÷ 32 × 128 + 9 – 17 = – 4

After interchange the signs;

16 ÷ 32 × 128 - 9 + 17 = – 4

By BODMAS rule

0.5 × 128 - 9 + 17 = – 4

64 - 9 + 17 = – 4

81 - 9 = – 4

72 = -4 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, the answer is “× and ÷”.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

‘SINGER’ is written as ‘TKROUX’

Similarly,

'ROOKIE' = ?

Hence, 'ROOKIE' is coded as "SQSSYK".

Given: G _ _ P K _ D F _ K G D _ _ K

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1)  DFGDFP → G D F P K / G D F D K / G D F P K

2)  DPDFKF → G D P P K / D D F F K / G D K F K

3)  DFGPFP → G D F P K / G D F P K / G D F P K

4)  DFGDFK → G D F P K / G D F D K / G D F K K

Option (3) gives a cyclic pattern of G D F P K / G D F P K / G D F P K

Hence, ‘DFGPFP’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

‘DESK’ is coded as ‘@#+%’

And,

 ‘RAIN’ is coded as ‘$-×*’

Similarly,

‘RISK’ = ?

Hence, ‘RISK’ is coded as "$×+%".

Statements:

All M. Tech students are engineers.

All LLM students are lawyers.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. All lawyers are LLM students → False (Because statement given All LLM students are lawyers and all lawyers are LLM students. It is possible but not definite)

II. All engineers are M. Tech students → False (Because statement given All M.Tech students are engineers and all engineers are M.Tech students. It is possible but not definite)

Hence, “Neither conclusion I nor II follows".

For this question, the relation is given below -

Logic: If two dice have the same two face values in the given image then the third number is opposite to each other.

In first dice and second dice.

Number '1' and '2' are common.

So, the number '3' is the opposite of 5.

Similarly,

In second dice and third dice.

Number '2' and '5' are common.

So, the number '1' is the opposite of 6.

The remaining number ‘4’ is opposite to number ‘2’

Hence, the correct answer is “2”

Given:

Here the pattern followed in each column is:

(1^st number ÷ 2^nd number) × 2 = 3^rd number

Column 1: 81, 3, 54

(1^st number ÷ 2^nd number) × 2

= (81 ÷ 3) × 2

= 27 × 2

= 54 = 3^rd number

Column 2: 33, 6, 11

(1^st number ÷ 2^nd number) × 2

= (33 ÷ 6) × 2

= 5.5 × 2

= 11 = 3^rd number

Similarly,

Column 3: 56, 4, ?

(1^st number ÷ 2^nd number) × 2

= (56 ÷ 4) × 2

= 14 × 2

= 28 = 3^rd number

Hence, “28” is correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

RKM : VFS

Similarly,

PSQ : ?

​

Hence, 'PSQ' is coded as "TNW".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

One by one alternate small circle moves into the corner of the box and it becomes dark.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except 'NQTWA’.

Hence, “NQTWA” is the odd one.

Total person:- Six → Neeta, Vinita, Satya, Kamini, Divya and Alpa

1. Alpa is to the immediate right of Vinita.

2. Divya is between Neeta and Vinita.

3. Kamini is between Neeta and Satya. 

 

Thus, ‘Divya' is sitting third to the left of Satya.

Hence, the correct answer is "Divya".

The Venn diagrams best represent the relationship between - Mammals, Zebra, Animals figures are shown below:

Mammals mean an animal of the type that gives birth to live babies, not eggs and feeds its young on milk from its own body.

So, all Zebras are mammals animals.

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is,

Let (1st number : 2nd number)

1st number ÷ 7 = 2nd number

Now follow the steps:

77 : 11

=> 77 ÷ 7 = 11 = 2nd number

Similarly,

259 : ?

=> 259 ÷ 7 = 37 = 2nd number

Hence, "37" is correct answer.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols,

Given:

C is the brother of B and D is the grandfather of E. B is the daughter-in-law of D and A is the father of E.

Now breaking the statement,

1. A is the father of E

2. D is the grandfather of E.

3. B is the daughter-in-law of D

4. C is the brother of B 

Thus, C is the "Maternal uncle" of the E.

Hence, "Maternal uncle" is the correct answer.

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

‘Nephrologist’ is related to ‘Kidney’ → 'Nephrologist' is a doctor who specializes in treating 'Kidney' diseases.

Similarly,

‘Cardiologist’ is related to ‘Heart’ → 'Cardiologist' is a doctor who specializes in treating 'Heart' diseases.

Hence, ‘Heart’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

(The sum of the alphabet positional values) × 3 = Number

COACH is coded as 90

(The sum of the alphabets positional values) × 3 = Number

=> (3 + 15 + 1 + 3 + 8) × 3 = 30 × 3 = 90

And,

POST is coded as 210

(The sum of the alphabets positional values) × 3 = Number

=> (16 + 15 + 19 + 20) × 3 = 70 × 3 = 210

Similarly,

NOISE → 

(The sum of the alphabets positional values) × 3 = Number

=> (14 + 15 + 9 + 19 + 5) × 3 = 62 × 3 = 186

Hence, 'NOISE' is coded as "186".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is held at the right side is:

Hence, "option (1)" is the correct answer.

Additional Information 

 In Mirror image left side and right side changed vice-versa where the top and bottom remain the same.

The reflection of an object into the water is its water image. It appears by inverting an object vertically i.e. upside down.

The water image of the figure looks like the mirror image of the figure in case the mirror is horizontally at the bottom of the figure.

Water image is just a reflection where top and bottom part of the images changed where left and right side of the image remain same.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “HTD” is the complete series.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

The correct order of the given words is:

Une is common in all words;

2. Uneconomical
3. Unemployment
4. Uneventful
5. Unexpected
6. Unexplained

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 5, 1, 4, 3".

The correct answer is Kannada.

Key Points

• ​M Veerappa Moily received the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award 2020 award for his epic poetry 'Sri Bahubali Ahimsadigvijayam' in Kannada.
• Arundhathi Subramaniam won the award for her poetry collection, "When God is a Traveller," in English.
• The other winners in poetry include Harish Meenakshi (Gujarati), Anamika (Hindi), RS Bhaskar (Konkani), Irungbam Deven (Manipuri), Rupchand Hansda (Santali), and Nikhileswar (Telugu).
• Nanda Khare (Marathi), Maheshchandra Sharma Gautam (Sanskrit), Imaiyam (Tamil), and Sri Hussain-ul-Haque bagged the award for their novels.
• Apurba Kumar Saikia (Assamese), (late) Dharanidhar Owari (Bodo), (late) Hiday Koul Bharti (Kashmiri), Kamalkant Jha (Maithili), and Gurdev Singh Rupana (Punjabi) have received the award for short stories.​

Important Points

• The Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honour in India, which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 major Indian languages.
• Besides the 22 languages enumerated in the Constitution of India, the Sahitya Akademi has recognized English and Rajasthani as languages.
• It was started in 1954 and first conferred in 1955.
• Each award carries a plaque, shawl, citation, and a Cheque for Rs. One Lakh.​

Additional Information

• The list of winners from each category of the Sahitya Akademi Award winners 2021.

The correct answer is Saadat Khan.

Key Points

• In 1724, Saadat Khan Burhan Ul Mulk founded the Awadh Autonomous or independent kingdom by declaring its independence from the Mughals with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
• ​The Nawabs of Awadh were semi-autonomous rulers within the fragmented polities of Mughal India after its death in 1707 of Aurangzeb.
• Muhammed Shah, the ruler of the Mughal empire, appointed Saadat Khan as the governor of Awadh.
• Awadh was one of the most important states to emerge out of the breakup of the Mughal empire.
• Burhan -ul -Mulk handled the Subadari, Diwani, and Faujdari which are the political, military, and financial authorities of the empire.
• He also managed to reduce the Mughal influence.
• He had helped in overthrowing the Sayyid brothers.
• The king appointed Saadat Khan to negotiate and convince Nadir Shah so that he stopped attacking the country and returned to his country on payment of a huge amount of money.
• When Nadir Shah failed to get the promised amount of money, his anger was felt by the dense population of Delhi.
• He ordered a general massacre, Saadat Khan deeply affected by the incident, committed suicide due to humiliation and shame.
• Saadat Khan who was also known as the first Nawab of Awadh founded the city of Faizabad on the outskirts of the city of Ayodhya.

The correct answer is Luni.

Key Points

• The Luni is the largest river in the Thar Desert of northwest India.
• It originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli Range, near Ajmer, passes through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a distance of 495 km (308 mi).
• The river flows southwest and enters the Thar Desert before dissipating into the Rann of Kutch, traversing a total of 495 km.

Additional Information

• Jhelum
• ​The Jhelum River is a river in the northern Indian subcontinent.
• It originates at Verinag and flows through the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir, to the Pakistani-administered territory of POK, and then into the Pakistani province of Punjab.
• Chambal​
• ​The perennial Chambal originates at Janapav, south of Mhow town, near Manpur, Indore, on the south slope of the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh.
• The Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the Banas, which rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan.
• The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in Central and Northern India, and thus forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system.
• ​Son
• ​Son River is a perennial river located in central India.
• It originates near Amarkantak Hill in the Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh and finally merges with the Ganges River near Patna in Bihar.
• Son river is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges' after the Yamuna River.

The correct answer is Justice Indira Banerjee.

Key Points

• Justice Indira Banerjee was not amongst the female judges sworn in as judges of the Supreme Court of India on 31st August 2021.
• Nine new judges, including three women, whose appointments to the Supreme Court have been cleared by the Centre, were sworn in on August 31 by Chief Justice of India (CJI) N V Ramana.
• The women judges who have been appointed to the apex court:
• Justice BV Nagarathna, the third senior-most judge of the Karnataka High Court.
• Justice Hima Kohli, the Chief Justice of the Telangana High Court.
• **Justice Bela M Trivedi, the fifth senior-most judge of the Gujarat High Court.**​

Additional Information

• Justice Indira Banerjee.
• ​She was appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 7 August 2018.
• Indira Banerjee is the 8th female Judge in the history of the Supreme Court of India.
• She is the former Chief Justice of Madras High Court, the second woman to hold the position in India before being elevated as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India.

The correct answer is Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Key Points

• The fifth storey of Qutub Minar was built during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
• Qutab-ud-din Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced the construction of the Qutab Minar in 1200 AD, but could only finish the basement.
• His successor, Iltutmush, added three more storeys, and in 1220.
• Firoz Shah Tughlak constructed the fifth and the last storey.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mehrauli area of South Delhi, India.
• It is one of the most visited tourist spots in the city, mostly built between 1199 and 1220.
• The first three storeys are made of red sandstone; the fourth and fifth storeys are of marble and sandstone.
• At the foot of the tower is the **Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque.**​

Additional Information

• Iltutmish:
• ​He was the real founder of the Delhi sultanate.
• He ruled from 1211 to 1236 AD.
• He introduces the Iqta system and made it hereditary.
• He also introduces Chalisa (a group of 40 noble people).
• He introduces two coins:
• Silver coin - Taka
• Copper coin - Jital
• ​Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq:​
• After the demise of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in an accident in 1325 AD, his eldest son, Ulugh Khan or Jauna Khan, ascended the throne.
• He assumed the title of Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq.
• He ruled from 1325-1351 AD.
• He stood for the administrative and political unity of India.
• In 1327 AD he captured Warangal.
• He shifted the capital from Delhi to Devagiri.
• He introduced the copper currency system.
• Mohammad bin Tughlaq offers the post of Qazi of Delhi to Ibn Battuta.
• Ibn Battuta was originally from Morocco.
• He was a Muslim scholar and explorer, who widely travel the medieval world.

The correct answer is Sovereign.

Key Points

• Sovereign: 
• ​The term means that India has its own independent authority and it is not a dominion of any other external power.
• India as a country has complete political freedom and is the supreme authority.
• In the country, the legislature has the power to make laws that are subject to certain limitations.
• A preamble is an introductory statement in a document that explains the document’s philosophy and objectives.
• In a Constitution, it presents the intention of its framers, the history behind its creation, and the core values and principles of the nation.
• The ideals behind the Preamble to India’s Constitution were laid down by Jawaharlal Nehru’s Objectives Resolution, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on January 22, 1947.​

Important Points

• Keywords in the Preamble
• We, the people of India: 
• ​It indicates the ultimate sovereignty of the people of India.
• Sovereignty means the independent authority of the State, not being subject to the control of any other State or external power.
• Sovereign: 
• ​The term means that India has its own independent authority and it is not a dominion of any other external power.
• In the country, the legislature has the power to make laws that are subject to certain limitations.
• Socialist: 
• The term means the achievement of socialist ends through democratic means.
• It holds faith in a mixed economy where both private and public sectors co-exist side by side.
• It was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
• Secular: 
• ​The term means that all the religions in India get equal respect, protection, and support from the state.
• It was incorporated into the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976.
• Democratic: 
• The term implies that the Constitution of India has an established form of Constitution that gets its authority from the will of the people expressed in an election.
• Republic: 
• ​The term indicates that the head of the state is elected by the people.
• In India, the President of India is the elected head of the state.

The correct answer is 1956.

Key Points

• In 1956, the Hindu Succession Act abandon the rule of primogeniture in India.
• The principle of primogeniture or the royal mode of succession, that is the eldest getting the cake and eating it too, was abandoned after the codification of the Hindu law and coming into force of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
• This was pointed out by the Supreme Court in Bhaiya Ramanuj Pratap Deo vs Lalu Maheshanuj Pratap Deo & Ors [1982 SCR (1) 417].
• The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to amend and codify the law relating to intestate or unwilled succession, among Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs.
• The Act lays down a uniform and comprehensive system of inheritance and succession into one Act.

The correct answer is Hedging.

Key Points

• Hedging is a risk management strategy employed to offset losses in investments by taking an opposite position in a related asset.
• The reduction in risk provided by hedging also typically results in a reduction in potential profits.
• **Hedging requires one to pay money for the protection it provides, known as the premium.**​

Important Points

• Scalability
• ​Scalability, whether it be in a financial context or within a context of business strategy, describes a company's ability to grow without being hampered by its structure or available resources when faced with increased production.
• ​Amortization
• ​Amortization typically refers to the process of writing down the value of either a loan or an intangible asset.
• Amortization schedules are used by lenders, such as financial institutions, to present a loan repayment schedule based on a specific maturity date.
• ​Collateral
• ​Collateral is an item of value that a lender can seize from a borrower if he or she fails to repay a loan according to the agreed terms.
• One common example is when you take out a mortgage. Normally, the bank will ask you to provide your home as collateral.

The correct answer is Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary lipase that breaks down starch into simple sugar.

Key Points

• Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in your food.
• An enzyme called amylase in saliva breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb.
• Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bullocks.

Key Points

• Pola is a festival in the state of Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.​
• It is celebrated by the farmers through the worship of the bullocks.
• The farmers decorate their bulls on this day and then worship them to perform in the festival.
• This festival is celebrated to show their gratitude towards the bulls for their assistance in the agricultural works by the farmers.
• On the following day of the festival, the plowing activities are started and seeds are sown in the fields.
• It is a very unique festival in Maharashtra where an animal is made the focus of the occasion.
• During the Sravana month, the Pola festival is celebrated on a new moon day which is also called the Pithori Amavasya day.
• The farmers celebrate this day with many traditional dishes like kunbis, poli and karanji which are authentic Maharashtra dishes.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• An Indo-Dutch centre of excellence (CoE) for vegetables and flowers has been opened in Kerala's Wayanad district.
• A tissue culture laboratory has been set up as part of the project for producing good quality planting materials.
• The centre will also explore possibilities in Agri-Horti tourism in the district.
• The idea is to transform Wayanad into a hub of floriculture.
• The CoE will be based in the Regional Agricultural Research Station of the Kerala Agricultural University at Ambalavayal in Wayanad District, Kerala.

Additional Information

• Chief Minister of Kerala: Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan.
• Governor of Kerala: Arif Mohammad Khan.
• Union Minister for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare: Narendra Singh Tomar (as of June 2022).

The correct answer is Green Gold Collection.

Key Points

• The unique initiative of Government e-Marketplace (GeM) and National Bamboo Mission – “Green Gold Collection”, will showcase a range of exquisitely handcrafted bamboo and bamboo products, handicrafts, disposals, and office utility products on the GeM portal.
• A Bamboo Market Page titled “The Green Gold Collection” was launched by the Union Minister of State for Agriculture Shri Parshottam Rupala during a virtual event on 3rd June 2021.
• Product categories ranging from bamboo poles to bamboo products in furniture, lifestyle & décor, kitchenware, industrial machinery, handcrafted items such as toys, and office utility items like agarbatti/ incense sticks, disposables, water bottles, yoga mats, charcoal, etc. are being uploaded on the portal for Government buyers.
• This initiative seeks to promote the adoption and use of bamboo products among Government buyers and usher in a **sustainable rural economy for an Atmanirbhar Bharat.**​

Additional Information

• India is the world’s second-largest cultivator of bamboo after China, with 136 species and 23 genera spread over 13.96 million hectares.
• In October 2006, the Government of India (GOI) launched the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) on the basis of the National Mission on Bamboo Technology and Trade Development Report, 2003.
• The NBM’s key objectives were:
• ​To address issues relating to the development of the bamboo industry in the country.
• Provide a new impetus and direction and enable the realization of India’s considerable potential in bamboo production.
• Multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional in its approach, major interventions planned under it were to focus on research and development, plantation of forest and non-forest lands through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) or Village Development Committee (VDCs).
• To ensure the supply of quality planting materials by establishing centralized Kisan/Mahila nurseries.

The correct answer is Paris.

Key Points

• The first Olympic Congress was held in Paris, France, in 1894.
• It was this Congress that founded and established the IOC.
• The process of revival of the Olympic Games also began at the Paris Congress of 1894.
• An Olympic Congress is a large gathering of representatives from the different constituencies of the Olympic Movement, **organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).**​

Additional Information

• List of Olympic congress and their themes.

The correct answer is 1920.

Key Points

• The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress was formed by Indian merchants and industrialists to organize their business interests in 1920.
• The Indian businessmen wanted to make sure that their demands were heard.
• So, in order to secure their business interests, they organized themselves into two major bodies.
• The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920, and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries, or the FICCI, in 1927.
• These bodies were led by prominent industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G. D. Birla.
• They strongly opposed the colonial control over the Indian economy.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is in Bhagalpur District of Bihar, India.
• The sanctuary is 60 kilometres stretch of the Ganges River from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon in the Bhagalpur district.
• It was notified as Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in 1991.
• Major attractions are the Ganges river dolphins which are classified as endangered on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
• The sanctuary also contains a rich diversity of other threatened aquatic wildlife, including the Indian smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) and a variety of freshwater turtles, and 135 species of waterfowl.​

Additional Information

• Some important wildlife sanctuaries are:
• Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.
• Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan.
• Gir National Park, Gujarat.
• Kaziranga National Park, Assam.
• Kanha National Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
• Periyar National Park, Kerala.
• Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal.
• Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh.
• There are 573 existing wildlife sanctuaries in India covering an area of 123,762.56 km2, which is 3.76% of the geographical area of the country (National Wildlife Database Centre, Nov. 2023).
• Another 218 sanctuaries are proposed in the Protected Area Network Report covering an area of 16,829 km2.

The correct answer is Anaemia.

Key Points

• Anaemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues.
• Anemia also referred to as low haemoglobin, can make you feel tired and weak.
• Signs and symptoms include:
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Irregular heartbeats
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Chest pain
• Cold hands and feet
• Headaches

Important Points

• One can avoid iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin deficiency anaemias by eating a diet that includes a variety of vitamins and minerals, including:
• Iron: Iron-rich foods include beef and other meats, beans, lentils, iron-fortified cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, and dried fruit.
• Folate: This nutrient, and its synthetic form folic acid, can be found in fruits and fruit juices, dark green leafy vegetables, green peas, kidney beans, peanuts, and enriched grain products, such as bread, and cereal, pasta, and rice.
• Vitamin B-12: Foods rich in vitamin B-12 include meat, dairy products, fortified cereal, and soy products.
• Vitamin C: Foods rich in vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices, peppers, broccoli, tomatoes, melons, and strawberries. These also help increase iron absorption.

Additional Information

• Malaria 
• ​Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium.
• Four species cause disease in humans: P falciparum, P vivax, P ovale and P malaria.
• Malaria is spread to humans by the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
• Rabies​
• A deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals.
• Rabies is usually transmitted through an animal bite, for example, from stray dogs.
• Cholera​
• Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
• It causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration, usually spread in water.

The correct answer is Vijay Kumar Sinha.

Key Points

• Vijay Kumar Sinha, a three-time BJP MLA from Lakhisarai and former state minister, was elected speaker of the Bihar in November 2020.
• The election was held in three phases for a total of 243 seats:- the first for 71 seats on 28 October 2020, the second for 94 seats on 3 November 2020, and the third for the remaining 78 seats on 7 November 2020.
• National Democratic Alliance emerged as the winner with 125 elected MLAs, whereas the principal opposition coalition of Mahagathbandhan won 110 seats.
• After the elections, the incumbent Chief Minister Nitish Kumar was elected as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance in Bihar and was sworn in again as Chief Minister.
• Two new deputies Chief Ministers, Tarkishore Prasad, and Renu Devi were inducted into the new ministry.
• On the other side, Tejashwi Yadav was elected Leader of the Opposition, and also the leader of the Mahagathbandhan alliance.

The correct answer is ICC Men’s ODI Cricketer of the Decade.

Key Points

• Indian skipper Virat Kohli won the ICC men's ODI Player of the Decade award in December 2020.
• Indian skipper Virat Kohli won the award for his prolific record in the 50-over format.
• Kohli also grabbed the prestigious Sir Garfield Sobers Award for ICC Men's Cricketer of the Decade.
• Other winners for the year 2020 include:
• Australia's Steve Smith won the ICC men's Test Player of the Decade award.
• Afghanistan leg-spinner Rashid Khan returned with the ICC men's T20I Player of the Decade award.
• Former India skipper MS Dhoni won the ICC Spirit of Cricket Award of the Decade for his gesture to call England's Ian Bell back on the crease after he was ruled out by the umpire in unusual circumstances.
• Among women's cricketers, **Australia's Ellyse Perry made a clean sweep clinching the award in all three categories -- ICC Women's Player of the Decade, ODI Player of the Decade, and T20I Player of the Decade award.**​

Additional Information

• ICC Awards 2022 Winners List

The correct answer is Tongue.

Key Points

• The gustatory receptors which detect taste are present in the tongue.
• Gustatory receptors
• It is present on the tongue and is spread evenly across the taste buds.
• Their main function is to provide a sense of taste.
• Gustatory receptors are found in the tongue.
• The gustatory system is much easier than the olfactory system.
• Four primary taste varieties are generally recognized as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
• In different regions on the tongue are present different sensitivities to the four taste varieties.
• The tip of the tongue is the most sensitive to sweetness and saltiness.

Additional Information

• Receptors are the organs or cells which respond to light, heat, or external stimulus and transmit the signal to the sensory nerve.
• Olfactory receptors
• It is present on the surface of the olfactory neurons.
• Their main function is to sense smell.
• These receptors equip sperm cells for finding the egg through a sense of smell.
• Sensory receptors occur in specialized organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as internal organs.

The correct answer is Rana Kapoor.

Key Points

• Yes, Bank is an Indian bank headquartered in Mumbai, India, and was founded by Rana Kapoor and Ashok Kapur in 2004.
• Rana Kapoor (born 9 September 1957) is an Indian former banker who was the managing director and CEO of Yes Bank, an Indian private sector bank.
• On 5 March 2020, in an attempt to avoid the collapse of the bank, which had an excessive amount of bad loans, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) took control of it.
• RBI later reconstructed the board and named Prashant Kumar, former chief financial officer and deputy managing director of State Bank of India, as MD & CEO of Yes Bank, along with Sunil Mehta, former non-executive chairman of Punjab National Bank, as Yes Bank’s non-executive chairman.
• As of June 2022, Yes Bank is an associate of State Bank of India which has a 30% stake in the company.
• YES BANK stands for Youth Enterprise Scheme Bank.

The correct answer is table tennis player.

Key Points

• Sutirtha Mukherjee is an Indian table tennis player from West Bengal.
• She has won the national Table Tennis Championship and also was just a part of the Gold medal-winning Indian women's team at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
• She had qualified to represent India at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
• Sutirtha Mukherjee won the 2017 and 2020 National Championships.

The correct answer is the Attorney General of India.

Key Points

• Article 76 of the Indian Constitution under its Part-V deals with the position of Attorney General of India.
• Article 76 of the constitution mentions that he/she is the highest law officer in India.
• As a chief legal advisor to the government of India, he advises the union government on all legal matters.
• He also is the primary lawyer representing the Union Government in the Supreme Court of India.
• The President of India appoints a person who is qualified for the post of Supreme Court Judge.
• Attorney General is appointed by the President on the advice of the government.
• There are the following qualifications:
• He should be an Indian Citizen.
• He must have either completed 5 years in the High Court of any Indian state as a judge or 10 years in High Court as an advocate.
• He may be an eminent jurist too, in the eye of the President.
• Senior Advocate R Venkataramani as the 16th Attorney General for India.

Additional Information

• Election Commission : Article 324.
• Supreme Court: Article 124.
• Administrative Tribunals: Article 323A provides the establishment of administrative tribunals by law made by the Parliament.

The correct answer is Kadri Manjunatha Temple.

Key Points

• Kadri Manjunatha Temple is a historic temple in Mangalore in the state of Karnataka, India dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• Kadri Manjunatheshwara temple is one of the ancient historical temples dating back to about 1068 A.D.
• The Manjunatha temple, Kadri belongs to the Vijayanagara style of structure.
• The earliest reference to this place is in the epigraph dated A.D.968 engraved on the pedestal of the famous Lokeshwara image.
• It is mentioned that King Kundavarma of the Alupa Dynasty installed the image in Kadarika Vihara. From this, we can know that Kadarika is the earliest form of this place's name.
• Vihara is the name given in Buddhlet settlement while Buddhism flourished here during 10th century A.D.

Additional Information

• Mukteshvara Temple
• ​Mukteshwara Temple is a 10th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
• The temple dates back to 950–975 CE and is a monument of importance in the study of the development of Hindu temples in Odisha.
• The Mukteshwar temple is believed to be one of the 18 important Shiva temples.
• Ananta Vasudeva Temple​
• Ananta Vasudeva Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu located in Bhubaneswar, the state capital of Odisha, India.
• The temple was constructed in the thirteenth century, and the complete murtis of Krishna, Balarama, and Subhadra are worshipped there.
• Gundicha Temple ​
• ​Gundicha Temple is a Hindu temple, situated in the temple town of Puri in the state of Odisha, India.
• It is significant for being the destination of the celebrated annual Rath Yatra of Puri.

The correct answer is Ramachandra Guha.

Key Points

• “The Commonwealth of Cricket: A Lifelong Love Affair with the Most Subtle and Sophisticated Game Known to Humankind ” is a memoir of an Indian cricket fan by Ramachandra Guha.
• The book is about an Indian cricket fan and describes his cricketing memories from the time that he grew up in Dehradun, studied in Delhi, and then settled down in Bengaluru.
• The **book portrays the entire arc of the game(cricket) in India, across all levels at which it is played and gives a glimpse of local heroes, provincial emblems and international stars.**​

Additional Information

• Vinod Rai
• ​Vinod Rai is a former IAS officer who served as the 11th Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
• He assumed office from 7 January 2008 till 22 May 2013.
• He is the current chairman of the UN Panel of External Auditors and Honorary Advisor to the Railways and a member of the Railway Kaya Kalp Council.
• Vikram Limaye​
• ​Vikram Limaye is the Managing Director and CEO of the National Stock Exchange of India Limited.
• Diana Edulji​
• ​Diana Fram Edulji is a former Indian Test cricketer. Born in Mumbai to a Parsi family, she was drawn to sports at an early age.
• 1st Indian Woman cricketer to get 100 wickets.
• ​Ramachandra Guha 
• ​Ramachandra "Ram" Guha (born 29 April 1958) is an Indian historian, environmentalist, writer and public intellectual whose research interests include social, political, contemporary, environmental and cricket history, and the field of economics.
• Guha is the author of India after Gandhi, published by Macmillan and Ecco in 2007.
• The book won the 2011 Sahitya Akademi Award for English for 'narrative history'.

The correct answer is Goods and Services Tax.

Key Points

• Goods and Services Tax was introduced in India to achieve the goal of 'One Nation, One Tax, One Market'.
• GST has subsumed a number of indirect taxes levied by the Centre and State Governments including Central Excise duty, Service Tax, VAT, Purchase Tax, Central Sales Tax, Entry Tax, Local Body Taxes, Octroi, Luxury Tax, etc.
• The unified tax **came into effect on July 1, 2017.**​

Additional Information

• Direct tax
• Direct taxes are paid in entirety by a taxpayer directly to the government.
• Types of direct tax include :
• Income Tax: Levied on and paid by the same person according to tax brackets as defined by the income tax department.
• Corporate Tax: Paid by companies and corporations on their profits.
• Wealth Tax: Levied on the value of the property that a person holds.
• Estate Duty: Paid by an individual in case of inheritance.
• Gift Tax: An individual receiving the taxable gift pays tax to the government.
• Fringe Benefits Tax: Paid by an employer that provides fringe benefits to employees, and is collected by the state government.
• ​Indirect tax
• Taxes, where the liability to pay the tax, lies on a person who then shifts the tax burden to another individual.
• Types of indirect taxes are :
• Excise Duty: Payable by the manufacturer who shifts the tax burden to retailers and wholesalers.
• Sales Tax: Paid by a shopkeeper or retailer, who then shifts the tax burden to customers by charging sales tax on goods and services.
• Customs Duty: Import duties levied on goods from outside the country, ultimately paid for by consumers and retailers.
• Entertainment Tax: Liability is on the cinema owners, who transfer the burden to cinemagoers.
• Service Tax: Charged on services rendered to consumers, such as food bills in a restaurant

Given:

Number of balls = 12

Radius of spherical balls (r) = 10 cm

Radius of Cylindrical Jar (R) = 20 cm

Height of cylinder = h

Formula Used:

Volume of Sphere = $\frac{4 × π × r^3 }{3}$

Volume of Cylinder = π × R² × h

Concept:

Volume of water displaced = volume of objects submerged

Water takes the shape of the object in which it is placed (Here it is taken in cylindrical jar)

∴ Volume of cylinder = Volume of Sphere.

Calculation:

According to question,

Volume of cylinder =12 × Volume of Sphere

⇒ π × R2 × h = 12 × $\frac{4 × π × r^3 }{3}$

⇒ h = 40 cm.

∴ The height (in cm) of water in the jar is 40 cm.

Shortcut Trick

 The difference between CI and SI for 2 years = $P(\frac{r}{100})^2$

Where P = Principal

r = rate

According to the trick:

C.I - S.I = $P(\frac{r}{100})^2$

⇒ 144 = $P(\frac{8}{100})^2$

⇒ 144 = P × $(\frac{8 \times 8}{100 \times 100})$

⇒ P = $(\frac{144 \times 100 \times 100}{64})$

⇒ P = 22,500

∴ The required amount (in ₹) is 22,500.

Alternate MethodGiven:

Rate = 8% per annum

Time= 2 years

Difference between C.I and S.I = ₹144

Formula Used:

Simple Interest = $\frac{P \times R\times T}{100}$

Compound Interest = P[(1 + $\frac{R}{100}$)^T - 1]

Where P = Principal

R = rate

T = Time

Calculation:

According to the question,

S.I for 2 years = $\frac{P \times 8\times 2}{100}$

⇒ ₹(16P)/100      ----1

C.I for 2 years = P(1+$\frac{8}{100}$)² - P

 ⇒ P[(1+$\frac{8}{100}$)2 - 1]

 ⇒ P[(27/25)²  - 1]

 ⇒ P[(729/625) - 1]

 ⇒ P(104/625)      ----2

As per the question,

Difference between C. I and S.I = ₹144 

Subtracting equation (1) by (2)

P(104/625) - 16P/100 = ₹144

⇒ P(416-400)/2500 = ₹144

⇒ 16P/2500 = ₹144

P = ₹22500

∴ The amount (in ₹) is 22500.

Given:

Discount₁ = 10%

Discount₂ = 5%

Selling Price (S.P) = ₹3,420

Calculation:

In First Case :

Discount1 = 10% = -1/10

Let the M.P (Marked Price) be 10 units

Then S.P = 10-1 = 9 units.

In Second Case :

Discount2 = 5% = -1/20

Let the M.P (Marked Price) be 20 units

Then S.P = 20 - 1 = 19 units.

The Marked Price of the article is ₹ 4000.

Alternate Method

Given: 

Discount (x) = 10 %

Discount (y) = 5 %

Selling Price (S.P) = ₹3,420

Formula Used: 

Successive discount for 2 terms = - x - y + (x × y)/100 

S.P = M.P × Discount%

Calculation:

⇒ -10 - 5 + (10 × 5)/100

⇒ -15 + 50/100

⇒ -15 + .5

⇒ -14.5 %

Final Discount % = 100 - 14.5 

⇒ 85.5 .

S.P = (M.P × 85.5)/100

⇒ 3420 = (M.P × 85.5)/100

M.P = ₹ 4000

∴ The Marked Price of the article is ₹ 4000.

Shortcut Trick When the Sum (S) and Difference (D) of two numbers m and n are given, their Ratio is: m : n = (S + D) : (S − D) Given S = 84 and D = 6: Ratio = (84 + 6) : (84 − 6) = 90 : 78 Dividing by their common factor 6: 15 : 13 ∴ The correct answer is 15 : 13.

Alternate Method Given: m + n = 84 and m − n = 6 (where m > n) Formula Used: Solving a system of linear equations in two variables.

⇒ m + n = 84 --- (Eq. 1) ⇒ m − n = 6 --- (Eq. 2) ⇒ Adding (Eq. 1) and (Eq. 2): (m + n) + (m − n) = 84 + 6 ⇒ 2m = 90 ⇒ m = 45 ⇒ Subtracting (Eq. 2) from (Eq. 1): (m + n) − (m − n) = 84 − 6 ⇒ 2n = 78 ⇒ n = 39 ⇒ Ratio m : n = 45 : 39 ⇒ m : n = (45 ÷ 3) : (39 ÷ 3) = 15 : 13 ∴ The correct answer is 15 : 13.

Additional Information Direct Calculation of Numbers For any two numbers, the larger number is always (Sum + Difference) ÷ 2 and the smaller number is (Sum − Difference) ÷ 2. Componendo and Dividendo If (m + n) ÷ (m − n) = a ÷ b, then by the rule of Componendo and Dividendo, m ÷ n = (a + b) ÷ (a − b). Simplification of Ratios A Ratio is simplified by dividing both parts by their HCF (Highest Common Factor) to reach its simplest form.

Given:

Soni and Gita together can complete a job in 8 h

Gita alone can complete the job in 12 h

Concept:

Efficiency × Time = Work Done

Calculation:

Let Soni be S and Gita be G

According to question,

The efficiency of Soni and Gita = 24/8 = 3 units/hour

The efficiency of Gita = 24/12 = 2 units/hour

The efficiency of soni = (3 - 2) unit/hour

The efficiency of soni = 1 unit/hour

The time taken by Soni = 24/1 = 24 hours

∴ Soni alone complete the job in 24 hours.

Alternate MethodGiven:

Soni and Gita together can complete a job in 8 h.

Gita alone can complete the job in 12 h

Concept:

Efficiency × Time = Work Done

Calculation:

According to question,

The time taken by Soni and Gita to complete the work = 8 hours

The time taken by Gita to complete the work = 12 hours

The total amount of work = L.C.M of (8, 12) = 24 units

The efficiency of Soni and Gita = 24/8 = 3 units/hour

The efficiency of Gita = 24/12 = 2 units/hour

The efficiency of soni = (3 - 2) unit/hour

The efficiency of soni = 1 unit/hour

The time taken by Soni = 24/1 = 24 hours

∴ Soni alone complete the job in 24 hours.

Given:

A can complete a certain work in = 20 days

B is 25% more efficient than A, and C is 20% more efficient than B

 A and C work together for 5 days

Formula Used:

Work done = efficiency × days

Calculation :

Efficiency of A  (A’s 1 day’s work) = 1/20

Efficiency of B (B’s 1 day’s work) = 1/20 × (125/100) = 1/16

Efficiency of C (C’s 1 day’s work) = 1/16 × (120/100) = 3/40

Let remaining work B complete in x days.

According to the question,

5(1/20 + 3/40) + x/16 = 1

⇒ 5[(2 + 3)/40] + x/16 = 1

⇒ 5/8 + x/16 = 1

⇒ x/16 = 1 - (5/8)

⇒ x/16 = 3/8

⇒ x = 6 days

∴ B alone will complete the remaining work in 6 days.

Shortcut TrickB is 25% more efficient than A,

⇒ B/A = 125/100 = 5/4

⇒ A : B = 4 : 5

C is 20% more efficient than B

⇒ C/B = 120/100 = 6/5

⇒ B : C = 5 : 6

A : B : C

4 : 5

     5 : 6

20 : 25 : 30

A : B : C = 4 : 5 : 6

Ratio of Efficiency of A : B : C =  4 : 5 : 6

A completes the work in 20 days,

⇒ Total work = 20 × 4 = 80 units

A and C work for 5 days,

⇒ Total work done by A & C in 5 days = (4 + 6) × 5 = 50 units

Remaining work, 80 - 50 = 30 units

B will complete the work in, 

⇒ 30/5 = 6 days

∴ B alone will complete the remaining work in 6 days.

Given:

$75 ÷ 30 - \frac{3}{4}of\left( {\frac{5}{7} ÷ \frac{9}{{14}}} \right) - \left( {3\frac{1}{3} - 1\frac{2}{3}} \right)$

Concept Used:

Calculation:

⇒ $75 ÷ 30 - \frac{3}{4}of\left( {\frac{5}{7} ÷ \frac{9}{{14}}} \right) - \left( {3\frac{1}{3} - 1\frac{2}{3}} \right)$

⇒ $75 ÷ 30 - \frac{3}{4}of\left( {\frac{5}{7} \times \frac{14}{{9}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{10}{3} - \frac{5}{3}} \right)$

⇒ $75 ÷ 30 - \frac{3}{4}of\left( {\frac{10}{9} {{}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{5}{3}} \right)$

⇒ $75 ÷ 30 - \frac{15}{18} - {\frac{5}{3}}$

⇒ $\frac{75}{30} - \frac{15}{18} - {\frac{5}{3}}$

⇒ $\frac{5}{2} - \frac{5}{6} - {\frac{5}{3}}$

⇒ $\frac{(15 - 5 - 10)}{6}$

⇒ $\frac{(15 - 15)}{6}$

⇒ 0

∴ The required answer is 0.

Given:

A dealer sells an article at ₹805, after offering a discount of 12.5% on its marked price.

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price × (100 + Profit)%

Selling price = Marked price  × 100 - Discount%

Calculation:

Marked price = (805/87.5) × 100

⇒ ₹920

Now if he sell the article at ₹920 there would be a profit of 15%

So, Cost price = (920/115) × 100

⇒ ₹800

∴ The cost price of the article is ₹800.

Given:

Marked price(MP) of an article is ₹450

Selling price of the article is ₹267.30

Discount %(D) = 10%, x%, and 20%

Concept used:

Selling price(SP) = MP × (100 - D)%

Calculation:

According to question,

Case(1) D = 10%

SP = 450 × (100 - 10)%

⇒ ₹405

Case(2) D = 20%

New SP = 405 × (100 - 20)%

⇒ ₹324

Case(3) D = x%

Final SP = 324 × (100 - x)%

⇒ ₹267.30 = 324 × (100 - x)%

⇒  5670 = 324x

⇒  x = 17.5

∴ Required value of x is 17.5.

Shortcut Trick

In the 1st discount, 10 unit becomes 9 unit.

In the 3rd discount, 5 unit becomes 4 unit.

Let's assume, in the 2nd discount a unit becomes b unit

now,

⇒  $\frac{a}{b} = \frac{9\times4\times 450}{10\times 5\times 267.3} = \frac{40}{33}$

So, 40 becomes 33 after the 2nd discount

 

So, the value of x = $\frac{7}{40} \times 100 =$ 17.5

Given:

P sold a lamp to Q  at a profit of 20%

Q sold the lamp to P at a profit of 30% , making a profit of ₹108

Formula Used:

Selling Price = Cost Price × (100 + P)%

Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price

Calculation:

Let the cost price of the article for P be ‘x’.

P sells it to Q at a profit of 20%.

⇒ Selling price of P = x × (100 +20)%

⇒ 1.2x

Selling price for P = Cost price for Q

Q had a profit of 30%.

Selling Price for Q = 1.2x × (100 + 30)%

⇒ 1.2x × (130/100)

⇒ 1.56x

According to question,

Q makes a profit of ₹108

⇒ 1.56x - 1.2x = 108

⇒ 0.36x = 108

⇒ x = 108/0.36

⇒ (108/36) × 100

⇒  300

∴  P pay originally for the lamp (in ₹) 300.

 Shortcut Trick For P→ CP:SP= 5:6 = a : b (let)

Here, we see SP of "P" is equal to CP of "Q"

For Q→ CP : SP = 10 :13 = b : c (let)

∴ a : b : c = 50 : 60 :78

Here for "Q" CP is 60 units and SP is 78 units

Then, the profit of "Q" is 18 unit 

18 units are equal to 108

50 units is equal to (108 ÷ 18) × 50 = 300

Given:

A number is decreased by 25% and then increased by 25%

Formula Used:

Net percentage = [- X + Y + (-X × Y)/100]%

Here X = -25% and Y = 25%

Calculation:

According to question,

Net percentage = - 25% + 25% + (- 25 × 25)/100

⇒ - 625/100

⇒ - 6.25%.

Here negative sign shows that it is decreased by 6.25%.

⇒ (6 + .25)%

⇒ (6 + 25/100)%

⇒  (6 + 1/4)%

⇒  $6\frac{1}{4}$%

∴ The net percentage decrease is $6\frac{1}{4}$%

Given:

Ratio of the incomes of A and B is 4 : 5

Ratio of their expenditures is 2 : 3

A and B saves ₹7,200 and ₹6,000 respectively

Concept Used:

Saving = Income - Expenditure

Calculation:

Let Income of A = 4x and income of B = 5x

According to question,

$\frac{4x - 7200}{5x - 6000}$= $\frac{2}{3}$

⇒ 12x - 21600 = 10x - 12000

⇒ 2x = 9600

⇒ x = 4800

Income of A = 4x

⇒ 4 × 4800

⇒ 19200.

∴  The income (in ₹) of A is 19,200.

Shortcut Trick Let the Cost Price (CP) be 100%. At 15% loss, Selling Price (SP1) = 85% → ₹170. ∴ 1% = 170 ÷ 85 = ₹2. New Selling Price (SP2) = ₹206.40 → 206.40 ÷ 2 = 103.2%. Since 103.2% > 100%, there is a Gain = 103.2% − 100% = 3.2%. ∴ The correct answer is Gain, 3.2%. Alternate Method Given: First Selling Price (SP1) = ₹170 Loss = 15% Second Selling Price (SP2) = ₹206.40 Formula Used: Cost Price (CP) = [SP × 100] ÷ (100 − Loss%) Gain % = [(SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100

Calculations: ⇒ Cost Price (CP) = (170 × 100) ÷ (100 − 15) ⇒ CP = (170 × 100) ÷ 85 = ₹200 ⇒ New Profit/Loss = New SP − CP = 206.40 − 200 = ₹6.40 (Gain) ⇒ Gain % = (6.40 ÷ 200) × 100 ⇒ Gain % = 3.2% ∴ The correct answer is Gain, 3.2%. Additional Information Profit and Loss Basics Profit occurs when SP > CP (Profit = SP − CP). Loss occurs when CP > SP (Loss = CP − SP). Both are calculated on the Cost Price. Marked Price and Discount Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). SP = MP − Discount. Relation: CP × (100 + G%) = MP × (100 − D%). Successive Percentage Change If an article is sold through multiple hands, final SP = CP × (1 ± r1/100) × (1 ± r2/100), where r is the gain/loss percent.

Given:

Seema is younger than Reema by 8 years

Ratio of ages four years back = 1 : 2

Calculation:

Let Reema = R and Seema = S

According to the question,

R - S = 8      ----(1)

Four years back, 

Reema's age = (R - 4)

Seema's age= (S - 4)

Ratio of their ages = (S - 4)/(R - 4)

⇒ (S - 4)/(R - 4) = 1/2

⇒ 2S - R = 4      ----(2)

By solving equations (1) and (2),

⇒ S = 12 years

Now Seema's age after 6 years = 12 + 6 = 18 years

∴ The age (in years) of Seema after 6 years from now will be 18.

Shortcut TrickThe present age of Seema and Reema respectively = (a+4)and(2a+4)

According to the question

⇒ (2a + 4) - (a + 4) = 8

⇒ 2a + 4 - a + 4 = 8

⇒ a = 8

Seem present age = 8 + 4 = 12

∴ The age of Seema after 6 years = 12 + 6 = 18 years

Given: 

The speed of a boat in still water (X) is 10 km/h.

Time taken by the boat to go 35 km downstream is 1.25 times the time taken by it to go 14 km upstream

Distance upstream = 35 km

Distance downstream = 14 km

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Speed Upstream = Speed of a boat in still water (X) - Speed of the current (Y) km/h

Speed Downstream = Speed of a boat in still water (X) + Speed of the current (Y) km/h

Calculation:

According to the question,

$\frac{35}{(10 + Y)}$ = 1.25 × $\frac{14}{10 - Y}$

⇒ $\frac{5}{(10 + Y)}$ = 1.25 × $\frac{2}{10 - Y}$

⇒ (10 - Y) = .25 × 2 ×  (10 + Y)

⇒ (10 - Y) = .50 × (10 + Y)

⇒ (10 - Y) = 5 + .5Y

⇒ 1.5Y = 5

Y = 10/3 km/h.

Now, Speed downstream = 10 + 10/3 = 40/3 km/h

Time taken for 60 km downstream = $\frac{60}{40/3}$

⇒ 9/2

⇒ 4.5 h

∴ The time (in hours) it will take to go 60 km downstream is 4.5.

Given:

Length of Room = 15 meters

Breadth of room = 12 meters

Concept used:

To find the least number of square tiles we have to find the highest common factor of Length and Breadth

Calculation:

Length of room = 15 meters

Breadth of room = 12 meters

So, H.C.F of 15 and 12 

⇒ 15 = 3 × 5

⇒ 12 = 3 × 2²

Here, only 3 is common

So, H.C.F = 3

Now, Area of 1 tile = 3 × 3

Area of Room = 15 × 12

Number of tiles required = (15 × 12) / (3× 3)

⇒ Number of tiles required = 20

∴ Number of tiles required is 20.

Given:

$\left[ {6 + 3 \rm \ of \ 7 - 5} \right] ÷ 2 \rm \ of \ 11$

Concept Used:

Calculation:

⇒ $\left[ {6 + 3 \rm \ of \ 7 - 5} \right] ÷ 2 \rm \ of \ 11$

⇒ $\left[ {6 + 21 - 5 } \right] ÷ 22$

⇒ [27 - 5] ÷ 22

⇒ 22 ÷ 22

⇒ 1

∴ The required answer is 1.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Speed (Raghu : Raman) = 10 : 8 = 5 : 4.

Ratio of Time (Raghu : Raman) = 4 : 5 (since Time is inversely proportional to Speed).

Difference in time units = 5 − 4 = 1 unit.

Given 1 unit = 30 minutes = 0.5 hours.

Raghu actual time = 4 × 0.5 = 2 hours.

Distance = Speed × Time = 10 × 2 = 20 km.

∴ The correct answer is 20 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of Raghu (S₁) = 10 km/h

Speed of Raman (S₂) = 8 km/h

Time Difference (Δt) = 30 minutes = 30 ÷ 60 = 0.5 hours

Formula Used:

Distance (D) = [(S₁ × S₂) ÷ (S₁ − S₂)] × Δt

Calculations:

⇒ D = [(10 × 8) ÷ (10 − 8)] × 0.5

⇒ D = [80 ÷ 2] × 0.5

⇒ D = 40 × 0.5

⇒ D = 20 km

∴ The correct answer is 20 km.

Additional Information

Relation between Speed, Distance and Time

Distance = Speed × Time. For a constant distance, Speed₁ × Time₁ = Speed₂ × Time₂.

Average Speed

If a person travels equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5 ÷ 18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18 ÷ 5.

Given:

The average weight of 24 persons in a group is 72 kg

3 persons with average weight 78 kg leave  and 4 persons of average weight 75 kg join the group

Formula Used:

Average = (Sum of the observations/Number of observations)

Calculation:

According to question,

Average weight = 72 kg

Number of persons = 24

Sum of total weight = 72 × 24 

⇒ Sum of total weight = 1728 Kg

Now Sum of total weight of persons who left = 78 × 3

⇒ 234 Kg

Now Sum of total weight of persons who join = 75 × 4

⇒ 300 Kg

Total weight of the persons present in the group = (1728 + 300 - 234) Kg

⇒ 1794 Kg

Number of persons present in the group = 24 + 4 - 3

⇒ 25

Average = Total weight/Number of persons 

⇒ Average = 1794/25

⇒ 71.76 Kg

∴ The average weight (in kg) of the persons in the group now is 71.76 Kg.

Given:

Four numbers are 10, 15, 24 and 32

Remainder is same in each case when given numbers are divided by x = 7 

Number is between 1420 and 1780.

Concept used:

When the number is divided by given numbers a, b, c and d

And give the same remainder in each case then,

Number =  LCM of (a, b, c, d) + Common Remainder.

Calculations:

LCM of 10 × 15 × 24 × 32  is 480

Number should be between 1420 and 1780 so,

the number is = 480 × 3 = 1440

Remainder will be 7 in each case so the number is

⇒ 1440 + 7 = 1447

Sum of digit of the number 1447 is = 1 + 4 + 4 + 7 = 16

∴ The sum of the digits of x is 16

Given:

A certain sum amounts to ₹8,640 in 2 years at simple interest and to ₹9,720 in 3 years

Formula Used:

Let P = Principal,

R = rate of interest

N = time period

Simple interest = PNR/100

Amount = P + PNR/100

Calculation:

Let rate of interest and principal be R% and ₹P respectively.

According to question,

8,640= P + PR × 2/100    ----(1)

9,720 = P + PR × 3/100   ----(2)

Subtract (1) from (2),

1080= PR/100

PR = 108,000

Add (1) and (2),

18360 = 2P + 5PR/100

18360 = 2P + 5 × 108000/100

⇒ 2P + 5400

⇒ 2P = 18360 - 5400

⇒ 12960

P = ₹6480

From 1,

⇒ 8,640 = P + 2PR/100

⇒ 8640 = 6480 + (6480 × R × 2)/100

⇒ 2160 = 6480 × (2R/100)

⇒ 10800 = 648R

R = 16$\frac{2}{3}$%

∴ The sum (in ₹) and the rate of interest p.a., respectively, are 6480 and 16$\frac{2}{3}$.

Given:

Three solid metallic cubes of sides 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm respectively are melted, and a new solid cube is formed

Formula used:

Volume of a cube = a3

a = Side of the cube

Concept:

The volume of the cube formed = Volume of the cubes melted.

Calculation:

Total volume of cubes before casting = 63 + 83 + 103 = 1728

The volume of the cube after melting = a³

⇒ a3 = 1728

⇒ a = 12

∴ The side (in cm) of the new solid cube = 12 cm.

Given:

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years = ₹152r10P(r100)2P(r100)2P(r100)2P(r100)2

r(rate) = 5%

Formula Used:

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years = P(r/100)²

Where, P = Principal

r = rate

According to the trick,

C.I - S.I =  ₹152P(r100)2P(r100)2P(r100)2P(r100)2P(r100)2 8×8100×100)(8×8100×100)

⇒ P(r/100)2 = 152P(r100)2(144×100×10064)(144×100×10064)

⇒ P = 152 × (100 × 100)/(5 × 5)

⇒ 152 × 4 × 100

⇒ 60,800

∴ The required amount (in ₹) is 60,800.

Alternate Method 

Given:

Rate (R) = 5% per annum

Time (T)= 2 years

Difference between C.I and S.I = ₹152

Formula Used:

Simple Interest =  (P × R × T)/100

Compound Interest = P[(1 + $\frac{R}{100}$)^T- 1]

Where, P = Principal

R = rate

T = Time

Calculation:

According to question,

S.I for 2 years = (P × 5 × 2)/100

⇒ ₹(10P)/100      ----1

C.I for 2 years =  P[(1 + $\frac{5}{100}$)² -1]

⇒ P[(21/20)² - 1]

⇒ P[(441/400) - 1]

⇒ P(41/400)      ----2

Now as per question,

Difference between C.I and S.I = ₹152 

Substracting equation (1) by (2)

P(41/400) - 10P/100 = ₹152

P(41-40)/400 = ₹152

P/400 = ₹152

P = ₹60,800

∴ The amount (in ₹) is 60,800.

Shortcut Trick

Net deviation from the original average weight (55 kg) is calculated as follows:

Loss due to 12 students (60 kg) leaving: 12 × (60 − 55) = 60 kg

Loss due to 6 students (52.5 kg) joining: 6 × (55 − 52.5) = 15 kg

Total net weight loss = 60 + 15 = 75 kg

Total remaining students = 56 − 12 + 6 = 50 students

Average decrease = Total net weight loss ÷ Total students = 75 ÷ 50 = 1.5 kg

∴ The correct answer is 1.5 kg.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial students = 56, Initial Average = 55 kg. Students left = 12 (Avg 60 kg), Students joined = 6 (Avg 52.5 kg).

Total initial weight = 56 × 55 = 3080 kg

Weight of 12 students who left = 12 × 60 = 720 kg

Weight of 6 students who joined = 6 × 52.5 = 315 kg

⇒ New total weight = 3080 − 720 + 315 = 2675 kg

⇒ Total remaining students = 56 − 12 + 6 = 50 students

⇒ New average weight = 2675 ÷ 50 = 53.5 kg

⇒ Decrease in average weight = 55 − 53.5 = 1.5 kg

∴ The correct answer is 1.5 kg.

Additional Information

Average weight formula

Average = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Total number of observations)

Net Deviation Method

Change in Average = (Net change in sum) ÷ (New total number of items). This avoids calculating large products.

Impact of Inclusion/Exclusion

If the weight of the joining person is more than the average, the average increases; if less, the average decreases.

Given:

Speed of train = 110 km/h.

Formula Used:

Successive Speed formula,

If speed is increased by X% and decreased by Y% then, 

Resultant speed = [X - Y - (X × Y)/100]%

Calculation:

According to question,

Speed of train = 110 km/h.

⇒ X = 20% and Y = 40%

⇒ Resultant Speed = 20 - 40 - (40 × 20)/100    (By formula above)

⇒ Resultant Speed = - 28% (here -ve sign shows that Speed is decreased by 28%)

⇒ Resultant Speed = (100 - 28)% 

⇒ Final Speed = 72% of original speed.

⇒ 72% ×  110 km/h

⇒ 79.2 km/h

∴ The final speed(in km/h) of the train is 79.2.

Alternate MethodGiven:

Speed of train = 110 km/h.

Concept:

If X is increased by 10 % then  we calculate (100 + 10)% of X

and If X is decreased by 10 % then we calculate (100 - 10)% of X.

Calculation:

According to the question,

Speed of train = 110 km/h.

Now it is increased by 20%

⇒ New speed of train = 110 × 120% km/h.

⇒ 132 km/h

Now, Speed reduces by 40%

⇒ Final speed of train = 132 × 60% km/h.

⇒ 79.2 km/h

∴ The final speed(in km/h) of the train is 79.2.

The correct answer is "Subject"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Subject- the thing that is being discussed, considered, or studied
• Example- Our subject for discussion is homelessness.
• Talk- to say words aloud; to speak to someone
• Example- We were just talking about Gareth's new girlfriend.
• Object- a thing that you can see or touch but that is not usually a living animal, plant, or person
• Example- Several people reported seeing a strange object in the sky.
• Concept- a principle or idea
• Example- The concept of free speech is unknown to them.
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 1 i.e. Subject.

So the correct sentence is- The socio-economic policy has been the subject of much debate.

The erroneous part of the sentence is 'isn't it'.

Key Points

• We often use question tags when we expect the listener to agree with our statement. In this case, when the statement is positive, we use a negative question tag.
• For example: She is a doctor, isn't she?
• Similarly, in this context, the modal that is used is 'should' (positive).
• So, we must use a negative question tag (modal). Hence, 'shouldn't it' must be the appropriate question tag used here.
• Thus, 'isn't it' must be replaced by 'shouldn't it'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: The education of girls is a primary concern for the country, so it should be started early, shouldn't it?

The erroneous segment is "were wearing masks"

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the usage of "were wearing masks" is incorrect instead of this we need to use "was wearing masks"
• In the given sentence, the subject for the verb "was" is "no one" which is singular in nature hence, we need to use a singular verb. So the correct verb is "was"
• Let's see an example-
• The author provides no documentary references to support her assertions. (The subject is "the author" hence, the verb should be singular i.e. "provides")

So the correct sentence is- The lady was furious to see that no one was wearing masks on the road near the shop.

The correct answer is "Secure"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Vulnerable- able to be easily physically or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked
• Example- I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on.
• Secure- positioned or fixed firmly and correctly and therefore not likely to move, fall, or break
• Example- That ladder doesn't look very secure to me.
• Breakable- Something that is breakable might easily break
• Example- Do you have anything breakable in your bag?
• Tender- gentle, loving, or kind
• Example- What you need is some tender loving care.
• Sensitive- easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry
• Example- Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 1 i.e. Secure.