SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 10th December 2021 Shift 1)

The correct option that indicates the arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is:

4. Rare
5. Real
6. Rim
7. Rise
8. Rose

Hence, '4, 1, 2, 3, 5' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, '18-8-5-19-21-38' is the correct answer.

Faces opposite to each other is shown below:

1. L and O → Not the opposite faces 2. M and P → Opposite faces 3. K and L → Opposite faces 4. N and O → Opposite faces

Hence, 'L and O' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

• Row 1: (20 - 10) ÷ 2 = 10 ÷ 2 = 5
• Row 2: (40 - 20) ÷ 2 = 20 ÷ 2 = 10

Similarly,

• Row 3: (? - 40) ÷ 2 = 20
• ⇒ (? - 40) = 20 × 2
• ⇒ ? = 40 + 40
• ⇒ ? = 80

Hence, '80' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

1. D B Z X → D - 2 = B; B - 2 = Z; Z - 2 = X
2. C A Y V → C - 2 = A; A - 2 = Y; Y - 3 = V
3. T R P N → T - 2 = R; R - 2 = P; P - 2 = N
4. N L J H → N - 2 = L; L - 2 = J; J - 2 = H

Hence, 'C A Y V' is the odd one out.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'FRRJJW' is the correct answer.

The mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is place at the right side is as shown below :

• The line PQ is the mirror.
• The given numbers "487321" has first and last number "4" and "1", so the mirror image should be "

" and "

" ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The given numbers "487321" is written in reverse order ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated.
• The given numbers "487321" has third number "7" so the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

86 + 2² = 86 + 4 = 90

90 + 42 = 90 + 16 = 106

106 + 82 = 106 + 64 = 170

170 + 162 = 170 + 256 = 426

Hence, '426' is the correct answer.

Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting anti-clockwise around a circular table in the same sequence facing the centre with an equal distance between them.

G is sitting in the east.

C and E interchange their places.

Clearly, F is sitting in the southeast direction.

Hence, 'F' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number × 7 = Second number

• 17 : 119 → 17 × 7 = 119
• 23 : 161 → 23 × 7 = 161

Similarly,

• ? : 182 → ? × 7 = 182
• ? = 182 ÷ 7
• ? = 26

Hence, '26' is the correct answer.

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, the boy is Paternal grandson of Madhvi's father.

Hence, 'Paternal grandson' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

1. Both the images kite and square are changing their position by moving in clockwise direction.

2. In first figure, the image of kite is big and in next figure the image of kite is small. So, the image of kite is big at odd positions and small at even positions.

Similarly, if we observe, we find that the image of square is small at odd positions and big at even positions.

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The lease possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

I. All dancers are males. → Follow (As, All dancers are sportspersons and All sportspersons are males)

II. Some sportspersons are dancers. → Follow (As, All dancers are sportspersons)

Hence, Both the conclusions follow.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'OFGU' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'UYIKM' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

• ‘Denmark’ is related to ‘Copenhagen’ → Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark.

Similarly,

• ‘Egypt’ is related to ‘________’ → Cairo is the capital of Egypt.

Hence, 'Cairo' is the correct answer.

Six friends, A, B, C, D, E and F, are sitting in two lines, with three friends in each line.

The friends are facing each other.

1. F is sitting between B and E.
2. C is facing F.
3. A is facing B.

As D is left, it will occupy the vacant position.

Clearly, F and C is not sitting at one of the four corners.

Hence, 'C' is the correct answer.

Given equation: 15 – 14 ÷ 21 × 27 + 9 = 64

After interchanging the signs, we get:

1. + and ÷

15 – 14 + 21 × 27 ÷ 9 = 64

⇒ 15 – 14 + 21 × 3 = 64

⇒ 15 – 14 + 63 = 64

⇒ 78 - 14 = 64

⇒ 64 = 64

2. × and ÷

15 – 14 × 21 ÷ 27 + 9 = 64

⇒ 15 – 14 × 0.7 + 9 = 64

⇒ 15 – 9.8 + 9 = 64

⇒ 24 – 9.8 = 64

⇒ 14.2 ≠ 64

3. ÷ and –

15 ÷ 14 - 21 × 27 + 9 = 64

⇒ 1.07 - 21 × 27 + 9 = 64

⇒ 1.07 - 567 + 9 = 64

⇒ 10.07 - 567 = 64

⇒ - 556.93 ≠ 64

4. + and ×

15 – 14 ÷ 21 + 27 × 9 = 64

⇒ 15 – 0.67 + 27 × 9 = 64

⇒ 15 – 0.67 + 243 = 64

⇒ 258 – 0.67 = 64

⇒ 257.33 ≠ 64

Hence, '+ and ÷' is the correct answer.

Let the number be a.

According to question: 

a + (a + 1) + 3(a + 1) = 64

⇒ a + a + 1 + 3a + 3 = 64

⇒ 5a + 4 = 64 

⇒ 5a = 64 - 4

⇒ 5a = 60

⇒ a = 60 ÷ 5

⇒ a = 12 

Hence, '12' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

24 + 1³ = 24 + 1 = 25

25 + 23 = 25 + 8 = 33

33 + 33 = 33 + 27 = 60

60 + 43 = 60 + 64 = 124

124 + 53 = 124 + 125 = 249

Hence, '124' is the correct answer.

Given sequence: C _ P _ _ M _ K C M P _ C M _ K

1. M K C P K P → C M P K - C M P K - C M P K - C M P K
2. M K M P K P → C M P K - M M P K - C M P K - C M P K
3. P K C P K P → C P P K - C M P K - C M P K - C M P K
4. M K C M K C → C M P K - C M M K - C M P K - C M C K

• In option 1, CMPK is repeated.

Hence, 'M K C P K P' is the correct answer.

Librarians that are NEITHER tax-payers NOR painters is shown below:

Hence, '15' is the correct answer.

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 'JEM' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Zero-budget natural farming method of chemical-free agriculture drawing from traditional Indian practices.
• The method was originally promoted by agriculturist Subhash Palekar.
• It is an alternative to the Green Revolution’s methods which promote chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• It promotes the traditional method of farming.
• It is based on four pillars which are Jeevamrutha, Bijamrita, Acchadana (Mulching) and Whapasa.
• Karnataka is the pioneer state for zero-budget natural farming.

Additional Information 

As of September 2022

The correct answer is Mahashweta.

Key Points

• Mahashweta is a Kannada novel by Indian Sudha Murthy.
• Mahashweta is an inspiring story that deals with socio-stigma, prejudice, and orthodox culture in our society.
• Sudha Murthy is an engineer who writes in Kannada, Marathi, and English and is also a social worker.
• She is the chairperson of Infosys Foundation and is married to N Narayana Murthy, co-founder of Infosys.
• She has been awarded several awards and has won Padma Shri as well.

 Additional Information

• Jhumpa Lahiri an American author of Indian origin wrote the book "The Interpreter Of Maladies" in 1999.
• Unaccustomed Earth is a collection of short stories from American author Jhumpa Lahiri.

​

The correct answer is Gursimran Bhullar.

Key Points

• Gursimran Bhullar becomes the first player of Indian origin to be a part of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
• He was signed by Sacramento Kings, a professional basketball team in the USA.
• He also became the first Indian player to score in an NBA game.
• He plays centre and stands at 7 feet 5 inches tall.

Additional Information About NBA

• NBA stands for National Basketball Association.
• It was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946.
• The league is composed of 30 teams.

Important Points 

• ​Vishesh Bhriguvanshi and Akilan Pari are Indian professional basketball players.
• Sat Prakash Yadav is presently(As of September 2022) the head coach of the Indian national basketball team.

The correct answer is Excise duty.

Key Points

• Excise duty is a tax imposed on goods for their production, licensing, and sale, Excise duty is an indirect tax.
• Central excise duty is a tax that is charged on such excisable goods that are manufactured in India and are meant for domestic consumption.
• It is mandatory to pay Central Excise duty payable on the goods manufactured unless exempted.
• Excise duty is the opposite of Customs duty.
• The Goods and Services Tax (GST) subsumed many types of excise duty.
• The union excise duties form the most significant part of the central taxes.

Additional Information

• Goods and Service Tax (GST).​
• GST is an indirect tax used in India on the supply of goods and services.
• It is a value-added tax levied on most goods and services sold for domestic consumption.
• GST was passed as the 101st Amendment Act of 2016.
• GST was launched in India on 1 July 2017 as a comprehensive indirect tax for the entire country.
• The four basic rate structures of GST are 5%. 12%, 18% and 28%.
• The GST Council headed by the Union Finance Minister is the governing and key decision-making body for GST.​
• India has chosen the Canadian model of dual GST.
• The first country to introduce GST: was France in 1954.

the correct answer is 1925.

Key Points

• Sikh Gurudwara Act was passed in 1925 giving control to Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee as the main body.
• Gurdwara Reform Movement was launched as agitation for freeing the Gurudwaras from the corrupt Udasi Sikh mahants.
• The Movement is also known as the Akali movement.
• Under growing pressure, the Gurudwaras came under the control of an elected committee known as the Shiromani Gurdwara Prablandhalk Committee, in November 1920.
• The act was formulated with the help of the British governor, Sir Malcolm Hailey.
• During this period Lord Chelmsford and Lord Reading were the Viceroys of India.

Additional Information Important Sikh Reform Movements

• The Nirankari Movement- Founded in the 1840s by Baba Dayal Das.
• The Namdhari Movement- Founded by Baba Ram Singh in 1857.
• The Singh Sabha- Founded by Thakur Singh Sandhawalia and Giani Gian Singh on October 1, 1873.

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Vitamin is an important component which helps in protecting our body against diseases
• Vitamin C helps the body to fight against many diseases
• It helps in holding cells together in the human body.
• It is also known as ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in fruits like oranges, grapes, lemon, etc. and used as a dietary supplement.
• It is a water-soluble vitamin that can be found in a variety of foods and is also used as a dietary supplement.
• It gets easily destroyed by heat during cooking.
• Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• India's first seaplane service started in Gujarat.
• It started on 31st October 2020, the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• It provides air connectivity between the Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad and the Statue of Unity in Kevadia.
• The seaplane is operated by Spicejet.
• It is a 19-seater seaplane, which will be able to accommodate 14 passengers.
• The seaplane is going to cover a 200km distance in just 45 minutes.

Additional Information Major Seaplane Projects

• UDAN Scheme - Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN) was launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation in 2016.
• Its aim is to create affordable yet economically viable and profitable flights on regional routes.

Important Points 

The correct answer is A Judge of the Supreme Court submits his resignation to the President.

Key Points

• Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under Article 124(2) of the Constitution.
• A judge of the Supreme Court submits his resignation to the President of India.
• A person to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court should have the following qualifications under Article 124 (3).
• Should be a citizen of India.
• Should have been a judge of a High Court (or High courts in succession) for at least five years.
• Should have been an advocate of a High Court (or High courts in succession) for at least ten years.
• Should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.
• The Constitution has not prescribed a minimum age for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.

Additional Information

• A Judge of the Supreme Court can be removed from office by an order of the president.
• The President can issue the removal order only after an address by the Parliament.
• The address must be supported by a special majority of each House of Parliament i.e. a majority of the total membership of that.
• House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and vote.
• The grounds for removal are two-
• Proved misbehaviour.
• Incapacity.

Thus, it is clear that the President can remove a Judge from the Supreme Court.

The correct answer is 44th.

Key Points

• 44th amendment act of 1978 added one directive principle:
• Article 38: The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities, and opportunities.

Additional Information

• Provisions included in DPSPs after the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976:
• There are four new Directive Principles by the way of the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 to the original list: 
• Article  39: To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children.
• Article 39A: To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
• Article  43A: To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries.
• Article  48A: To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife.
• 47th Amendment: Related to land reforms Acts.
• 52nd Amendment:
• 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 of the Indian Constitution provided provisions related to anti-defection in India.
• In this amendment, articles 101, 102, 190 and 191 were changed.
• It laid down the process by which legislators may be disqualified on grounds of defection and inserted the tenth schedule.

The correct is answer is 7.

Key Points

• Sangita Ratnakara was written by Pandit Sarngadeva in 13th century.
• It consists of 7 chapters as known as Saptadhyayi.
• It is a Sanskrit text which describes music and drama.
• It explains the techniques of playing 14 kinds of drums.
• It is the basis for Hindustani and Carnatic music traditions.

Additional Information

• About Sharangdev
• Sharngadeva was born in Kashmir but later migrated to Maharashtra due to Islamic invasions.
• He was patronized by the Yadavas of Devgiri.
• In his book Sangita Ratnakara he refers to 18 kinds of flutes.
• His writing has formed the foundation of technicalities of all the classical dance forms.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Asia's first solar-powered Textile mill will come up in Parbhani district, Maharashtra.
• The name of the mill is Jai Bhawani Women's cooperative textile mill.
• The mill is a major producer of cotton textiles.
• Dr Sampriya Rahul Patil is the chairman of the mill.
• The cost of the solar-powered project will be Rs 100 crore.
• Parbhani district of Maharashtra is the leading cotton-producing district in the state.

Additional Information Major Solar Powered Projects in India

• The Bhadla Solar Park is the largest solar power plant in the world found in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
• Madhya Pradesh's Khandwa will be the largest floating solar power plant in the world.
• Kerala's Cochin International Airport became the world's first to run totally on solar energy.
• Guwahati railway station is India's first fully solar-powered railway station.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• ​Rangpur is an archaeological site in Gujarat, western India.
• It belongs to the period of the Indus valley civilization.
• The excavation was started by the Archeological Survey of India in 1931 led by M.S.Vats.
• Partially dug sewers, platforms, and house walls were discovered.
• Rangpur yielded a large number of plant remnants. Rice, Bajra, and millet were discovered.

Additional Information

• The Indus Valley Civilization was a civilization that was mostly founded in the Indus River Valley.
• The time period of the Indus Valley Civilization was from 2600 BC to 1900 BC(NCERT).
• The term Indus valley civilization was coined by John Marshall.
• This civilization was spread over Sindh, Baluchistan, Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, and Northern Maharashtra.
• The important sites of the Indus Valley Civilization were Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Chanhudaro, Lothal, Kalibanga, Banawali, Dholavira, Rangpur, etc.

The correct answer is Chenab.

Key Points

• Chenab originates from near the Bara Lacha Pass in the Lahul-Spiti part of the Zaskar Range.
• The two streams, the Chandra and the Bhaga join at Tandi in Himachal Pradesh forming the Chenab river (also known as the Chandrabhaga river).
• It is traditionally known as the Chandrabhaga River, which is a major river that flows in India and Pakistan.
• It is the largest tributary of the Indus river.
• Its important tributaries are the Marusadar River,  Miyar Nalla, Sohal and Thirot.
• Major dam on the Chenab river is Pakal Dul Dam, Dul Hasti Hydroelectric Plant, Baglihar Hydroelectric power project and Salal Dam.
• The world's highest rail bridge is formed above the Chenab river.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Pallava.

 Key Points

• The Pallava dynasty was an early 4th-century to late 9th-century CE line of rulers in southern India.
• Pallava was able to sustain their rule for about 500 years.
• Mahendravarman I is considered to be the greatest ruler of the Pallavas.
• Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallavas.
• Their territories at the height of their powers extended from the northern part of Andhra Pradesh to River Kaveri in the South.
• Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram and the Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram are famous temples constructed during the reign of Pallavas.
• The Pallavas were great patrons of learning.
• The symbol of the Pallavas was the Lion (Simha) and the Bull (Nandi), It was interchangeable depending on the preference of the ruler.

Additional Information

• Pandya.
• Pandya dynasty started near about 6th century BC and ended around the 15th century AD.​
• The capital of Pandyas was Madurai.
• The symbol of the Pandya Dynasty was the fish.
• ​Chera.
• ​The Chera Dynasty is also called the Keralaputra dynasty.
• Their capital was Muziri also known as Vanchi.
• Uthiyan Cheralathan, and is widely considered the founder of the Chera Dynasty.
• Rama Varma Kulakshekhra was the last king of the Chera Dynasty.
• The bow was the royal emblem of the Chera Kingdom.
• ​Chola.
• Vijayalaya was the founder of the Imperial Chola dynasty.​
• Thanjavur (Tanjore) was the capital of Cholas.
• Jumping Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas.
• Rajendra Chola III Was the last king of this dynasty​

The correct answer is 2005.

Key Points

• National Jute Policy was formulated in 2005 for increasing productivity, improve quality ensure good prices for the jute farmers and enhance the yield per hectare.
• The policy objective is to enable the jute industry to build world-class state-of-the-art manufacturing capabilities.
• Its goal is to encourage Foreign Direct Investment, research and development in the sector.
• The policy is undertaken by the Ministry of Textiles.
• Its vision is for sustainable employment generation and the economic growth of the nation.
• It focuses on increasing exports to Rs.5000 crore by 2010 from the present level of Rs.1000 crore.

Additional Information About Jute

• It is known as golden fibre because it is the most used natural fibre.
• Used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts.
• It is cultivated mainly in eastern India because of the rich alluvial soil of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.
• India, Bangladesh, China and Thailand are the world's largest producing countries of Jutes.
• For its cultivation is the required temperature between 25-35°C and rainfall of about 150-250 cm.
• The top Jute Producing State is West Bengal followed by Bihar and Assam.

The correct answer is Panna Biosphere Reserve.

Key Points

• Panna Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh has been finally enlisted in UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) program.
• This is the third biosphere in the Madhya Pradesh State following Pachmarhi and Amarkantak, the first two.
• Panna was notified as a biosphere reserve by the Ministry of Environment and Forest in the Year 2011.
• UNESCO has allotted the reserve Biosphere Reserve status after it brought the tiger population back from zero to 54 within ten years.
• According to the United Nations ( UN), a biosphere reserve is where an international agency tries to reconcile the differences between human activity and the preservation of biodiversity.
• Every year, the status of UNESCO sets a few new sites that will come under its umbrella of Biosphere reserves, while others are removed.
• There are currently 738 biosphere reserves across the world, located in 124 countries.

Additional Information

• There are 18 Biosphere Reserves in India.
• The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Nilgiri mountains of the Western Ghats in South India.
• The Gulf of Mannar is one of the biologically richest coastal regions in all of the mainland of India.
• The Gulf of Mannar is the first Marine Biosphere Reserve in India and South East Asia.
• Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is located in the Himalayan Mountains in the northern part of the country**(Uttarakhand)**.

Important Points 

• India has 18 Biosphere Reserves and with the inclusion of Khangchendzonga, the number of internationally designated World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) has become 12, with 6 Biosphere Reserves being domestic Biosphere Reserves.
• Internationally designated Biosphere Reserves in India and the year of their inclusion are:
• Nilgiri, 2000
• Gulf of Mannar, 2001
• Sunderban, 2001
• Nanda Devi, 2004
• Nokrek, 2009
• Pachmarhi, 2009
• Similipal, 2009
• Achanakmar-Amarkantak, 2012
• Great Nicobar, 2013
• Agasthyamala, 2016
• Khangchendzonga, 2018
• Panna biosphere reserve, 2020

The correct answer is Amritsar.

Key Points

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13th April 1919); in Punjab Amritsar.
• ​Reason: After Rowlatt satyagraha got huge support in Punjab.
• The Government handed over the administration to the military authorities under General Dyer to suppress this violent situation ongoing.
• Political leaders were detained and all public meetings were banned by General Dyer.
• Being unaware of the prohibitory orders in the city, a large crowd had gathered on Baisakhi Day in this small park to protest against the arrest of their leaders Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal.
• Under orders from General Dyer, the gathering was surrounded by the army, they blocked the only exit point and opened fire on the unarmed crowd.

 Additional Information

• As a result, hundreds of men, women, and children were killed and more than 1,200 people were wounded.
• Due to this massacre, R.N. Tagore returned ‘To knighthood’ and Shankaran Nair resigned from the Executive Council of Viceroy.
• Mahatma Gandhi returned the Kaisar-i-Hind title as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
• The Hunter Commission was appointed after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
• In the final report submitted in March 1920, the committee unanimously condemned Dyer’s actions.
• However, the Hunter Committee did not impose any penal or disciplinary action against General Dyer.

The correct answer is Netaji Birth Place Museum.

Key Points

• Netaji Birth Place Museum is Located in Oriya Bazaar in the city of Cuttack.
• Janakinath Bhawan is the place where Netaji used to live and now has been converted into a museum.
• Jankinath Bhavan was converted into a museum in the year 2007.
• Cuttack is a city in the eastern Indian state of **Odisha.**​

Additional Information

• National Museum is located in New Delhi.
• Indian Museum is Located in West Bengal(Kolkata).
• Salar Jung Museum is located in Hyderabad(Telangana).
• The largest Museum in India is the Indian Museum, Kolkata.
• Central Museum Authority is located in New Delhi.
• The biggest museum in the world is the British Museum (London).

The correct answer is SBI.

Key Points

• This collaboration includes financial benefits like an ‘attractive’ rate of interest on loans with tenure up to five years and offers on the processing fee.
• There is also an additional benefit of Rs 25,000 for customers booking a Mercedes-Benz vehicle via SBI Yono platform.
• The customers need to produce an online booking confirmation and SBI loan sanction letter at the Mercedes-Benz dealership to avail the benefits.
• They can even get a car loan sanctioned through SBI Yono after fulfilling the eligibility criteria.

Additional Information

• The oldest commercial bank in the country, State Bank of India, SBI, celebrated its 67th year on 1 July 2022.
• SBI descends from the Bank of Calcutta founded in 1806 through the Imperial Bank of India.
• The Bank of Madras merged into the other two presidency banks, the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Bombay to form the Imperial Bank of India which in turn became the SBI on this day in 1955.
• Founded - on 1 July 1955.
• Chairperson - Dinesh Kumar Khara (as of Sept 2022).
• Headquarters - Mumbai.

The correct answer is Yogesh Kathuniya

Key Points

• Yogesh Kathuniya is an Indian Paralympic athlete who specializes in the discus throw.
• Yogesh Kathuniya produced his season's best throw in the final attempt with an effort of 44.38m to settle for the silver medal.
• Claudiney Batista dos Santos won the Gold with the best throw of 45.59m while Leonardo Diaz Aldana won bronze (43.36m).
• Yogesh Kathuniya is born on 3 March -1997(Delhi).
• India won 19 medals at the Tokyo Paralympics -- five gold, eight silver, and six bronze.

 Additional Information

• Sumit Antil.
• Sumit Antil was born on 6 July 1998 in Khewda, Sonipat, Haryana, India.​
• On 30 August 2021, Sumit Antil won the gold medal with a World Record throw of 68.55 m in javelin throw F64 at the 2021 Tokyo Paralympics.
• Avani Lekhara.
• She is an Indian Paralympian rifle shooter.​
• Avani Lekhara created history at the Tokyo Paralympics when she became the first Indian woman to clinch a Paralympic Games gold medal.
• Avani Lekhara is from Jaipur, Rajasthan.
• Manish Narwal.
• Manish Narwal clinched a gold medal in the men’s 50m pistol SH1 event at the Tokyo Paralympics 2021.
• Born 17 October 2001 Faridabad(Haryana).

The correct answer is 4.59%.

Key Points

• Gross Domestic Product(GDP) is the value of all final goods and services produced within the boundary of a nation during one year period.
• In India, it is calculated by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
• It is a quantitative concept and its volume or size indicates the internal strength of the economy.
• It is used by the IMF and World Bank for comparative analysis of its member nation.
• The % of India's GDP recorded as a budget deficit for the fiscal year 2019-2020 is 4.59%.

Additional Information About Budget

• Article 112 deals with the annual financial statement also known as the Budget.
• In the constitution, there is nowhere mentioned the term Budget.
• It is an estimate of expenditure and receipts for the Government of India in a financial year.
• India's first Union Budget was presented by the first Finance minister, RK Shanmukham Chetty on November 26, 1947.
• It is presented by Union Finance Minister every year in Parliament.
• There are three types of budgets which are Balanced Budget, Surplus Budget and Deficit Budget.
• Balanced Budget – A government Budget is assumed to be balanced if the expected expenditure is equal to the anticipated receipts for a fiscal year.
• Surplus Budget – A Budget is said to be surplus when the expected revenues surpass the estimated expenditure for a particular business year.
• Deficit Budget- A Budget is in deficit if the expenditure surpasses the revenue for a designated year.

The correct answer is Swami and Friends.

Key Points

• Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami, commonly known as R. K. Narayan.
• He was an Indian writer known for his famous books 
• Swami and Friends.
• The Guide.
• The Vendor of Sweets.
• The Ramayana.
• The Mahabharata.
• Malgudi days
• He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature multiple times.
• He was honoured by Padma Bhushan(1964) and Padma Vibhushan (2001).
• He served as a member of Parliament Rajya Sabha from 1986 to 1992.

Additional Information 

• Angry River, Roads to Mussoorie and The Blue Umbrella were written by Ruskin bond.
• Ruskin Bond is an Indian writer of British descent.
• He won Sahitya Academy Award in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra, his novel in English.
• He was honoured with the Padma Shri in 1999 and the Padma Bhushan in 2014.

The correct answer is Edwin H Armstrong.

Key Points

• Edwin H Armstrong is an American inventor who developed the modern radio and electronic circuitry.
• He was an electrical engineer also known as the father of FM radio.
• He patented FM radio in 1933.
• He has won many awards such as the IEEE Medal of Honor (1917), Holley Medal (1940), Franklin Medal (1941), IEEE Edison Medal (1942) and Washington Award (1951).

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Golf.

Key Points

• Albatross: This term means three under par.
• The modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland.
• Scottie Scheffler is a world rank 1 Golf player(as of Sept 2022).​

Additional Information

The correct answer is banana.

Key Points

• Musa paradisiaca is commonly referred to as a banana produced in the Musa genus by the large herbal flowering plant.
• A banana is a botanically consumable plant.
• In 327 BC banana was first discovered as a fruit in the Indian valleys during Alexander the Great and his army invaded this country.
• It probably originated in Southeast Asian countries.
• Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of bananas indiaAs of Oct 2022.
• India is the largest producer of banana in worldas of oct 2022.

Additional Information

Given:

Average of 22, 15, 28, p and q is 16

Formula used:

Average = Sum of terms/Number of terms

Calculation:

⇒ (22 + 15 + 28 + p + q)/5 = 16

⇒ 65 + p + q = 80

⇒ p + q = 15

Average of p and q = (p + q)/2 = 15/2 = 7.5

∴ The average of p and q is 7.5

Given:

Girls = 45%

Boys passed = 75%

Girls passed = 80%

Girls failed = 144

Calculation:

Let total students = 400

Girls = 45% = 45/100 × 400 = 180

Boys = 55% = 55/100 × 400 = 220

Boys passed = 75% = 3/4 × 220 = 165

Boys failed = 220 - 165 = 55

Girls passed = 80% = 4/5 × 180 = 144

Girls failed = 180 - 144 = 36

⇒ 36 units = 144 (According to question)

⇒ 1 unit = 4

Boys failed = 55 × 4 = 220

∴ The correct answer is 220.

Given:

Amount in 2 years is Rs.1980

Amount in 3 years is Rs. 2070

Formula used:

SI = (P × T × R)/100

A = P + SI

A = P + (P × T × R)/100

Calculation:

P + (P × 2 × R/100) = 1980     -----(1)

P + (P × 3 × R/100) = 2070     -----(2)

Subtracting both the equations

⇒ (P × 1 × R)/100 = 90

Multiplying both sides with 2

⇒ (P × 2 × R)/100 = 180 

So, the simple interest of 2 years = Rs.180

now, A = P + SI (for two years)

⇒ 1980 = P + 180

⇒ P = 1800

∴ The sum is Rs. 1800

Shortcut Trick

SI in 1 year = Rs. 90

SI in 2 year = 90 × 2 = 180

P = 1980 - 180 = 1800

∴ The sum is Rs. 1800

Given: 

At 68 he incurs a loss of 15%

Shortcut Trick ⇒ (100 - 15)% = 68

 ⇒ 85% = 68

 ⇒ 1% = 68/85

 ∴  20% gain = (100 + 20) % = (68/85) × 120

 ⇒ 96

∴ The price when 20% gain is 96.

Alternate Method 

Given:

Selling price (SP, at loss) = ₹68

Loss % = 15%

Required gain % = 20%

Concept Used:

Cost Price (CP) = (100 × SP)/(100 - loss %)

New Selling Price (SP, at gain) = CP × (1 + gain/100%)

Calculation:

CP = (100 × 68)/(100 - 15) = ₹80

⇒ New SP = 80 × (1 + 20/100) = ₹96

∴ To gain 20%, the shopkeeper should sell the item at ₹96

Given:

The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 4 : 9 : 7

The sum of the shortest and the longest sides is 65 cm.

Calculation:

Shortest side of the triangle = 4 units

Longest side of the triangle = 9 units

The sum of the shortest and the longest sides = 4 + 9

⇒ 13 units

According to the question,

13 units = 65 cm

So, 1 unit = 5 cm

Length of the third side = 7 × 5

⇒ 35 cm

∴ The required answer is 35 cm.

Shortcut Trick

Area of field = Total Cost ÷ Rate = 19250 ÷ 5 = 3850 m²

Using the standard circle relation: If Area = 3850, then Radius (r) = 35 m

Circumference = 2 × (22/7) × 35 = 220 m

Fencing Cost = 220 × 24 = ₹5,280

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,280.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total cost of levelling = ₹19,250

Rate of levelling = ₹5 per m²

Rate of fencing = ₹24 per m

Formula Used:

Area of circle = πr²

Circumference of circle = 2πr

Calculations:

⇒ Area of the circular field = 19250 ÷ 5 = 3850 m²

⇒ πr² = 3850

⇒ (22/7) × r² = 3850

⇒ r² = (3850 × 7) ÷ 22

⇒ r² = 175 × 7 = 1225

⇒ Radius (r) = √1225 = 35 m

⇒ Circumference = 2 × (22/7) × 35

⇒ Circumference = 44 × 5 = 220 m

⇒ Cost of fencing = Circumference × Rate

⇒ Cost = 220 × 24 = ₹5,280

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,280.

Additional Information

Area and Circumference

For a circle with radius r, the Area is πr² and the Perimeter (Circumference) is 2πr.

Costing Rule

Cost of levelling is always calculated on the Area, while the cost of fencing is calculated on the Perimeter.

Standard Circle Values

If r = 7, Area = 154, Circumference = 44. If r = 35 (7 × 5), Area = 154 × 5² = 3850, Circumference = 44 × 5 = 220.

Given:

 The greatest 5-digit number which on being divided by 3, 5, 6 and 9 leaves remainders 1, 3, 4 and 7, respectively

Solution:

LCM of 3, 5, 6 and 9 = 90

We Know that the greatest 5 digit number = 99999

The greatest 5 digit number which is divisible by 90 = 99990

To get remainders 1, 3, 4, 7 when divided by 3, 5, 6, 9 respectively we find difference of these umbers, As

⇒ 3 - 1 = 2

⇒ 5 - 3 = 2

⇒ 6 - 4 = 2

⇒ 9 - 7 = 2

Therefore, The greatest 5-digit number which on being divided by 3, 5, 6 and 9 leaves remainders 1, 3, 4 and 7, respectively

⇒ 99990 - 2  = 99988

Shortcut Trick

Relative Speed (opposite direction) = 60 + 9 = 69 km/h

Convert to m/s = 69 × (5/18) = 115/6 m/s

Total Distance to cover = Train length + Initial distance = 230 + 115 = 345 m

Time = 345 ÷ (115/6) = 3 × 6 = 18 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 18 seconds.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of train (L₁) = 230 m

Initial distance (d) = 115 m

Speed of train (v₁) = 60 km/h

Speed of man (v₂) = 9 km/h

Formula:

Relative Speed (opposite direction) = v₁ + v₂

Time = Total Distance ÷ Relative Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Total distance = 230 + 115 = 345 m

⇒ Relative speed = (60 + 9) × (5/18) m/s

⇒ Relative speed = 69 × (5/18) = 115/6 m/s

⇒ Time = 345 ÷ (115/6)

⇒ Time = (345 × 6) ÷ 115

⇒ Time = 3 × 6 = 18 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 18 seconds.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move toward each other, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (v₁ + v₂). If moving in the same direction, it is the difference (v₁ − v₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Crossing Distance

To completely pass a man (considered a point object), a train must cover the sum of its own length and any initial separation distance between them.

Shortcut Trick

Area of Trapezium = 1/2 × (Sum of parallel sides) × Altitude

57 = 1/2 × 9.5 × Altitude

Altitude = (57 × 2) ÷ 9.5

Altitude = 114 ÷ 9.5 = 12

∴ The correct answer is 12 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Sum of parallel sides (a + b) = 9.5 cm

Area of the trapezium = 57 cm²

Formula Used:

Area = 1/2 × (a + b) × h

Calculations:

⇒ 57 = 1/2 × 9.5 × h

⇒ 57 × 2 = 9.5 × h

⇒ 114 = 9.5 × h

⇒ h = 114 ÷ 9.5

⇒ h = 1140 ÷ 95

⇒ h = 12 cm

∴ The correct answer is 12 cm.

Additional Information

Properties of Trapezium

A trapezium is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides. The distance between these sides is the altitude or height.

Isosceles Trapezium

If the non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal in length, it is called an isosceles trapezium, and its base angles are equal.

Median of a Trapezium

The median (midsegment) is parallel to the bases and its length is the average of the base lengths: Median = (a + b) ÷ 2.

Given:

9 - 2 × 2 ÷ 6 of 3 + 3

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ 9 - 2 × 2 ÷ 6 of 3 + 3 

⇒ 9 - 2 × 2 ÷ (6 × 3) + 3 

⇒ 9 - 2 × 2 ÷ 18 + 3 

⇒ 9 - 2 × (2/18) + 3

⇒ 9 - (2/9) + 3 

⇒ 12 - (2/9) 

⇒ 106/9

∴ $11\frac{7}{9}$

Shortcut Trick

Effective CI rate (annually) for 1.5 years at 12% = 12% + 6% + (12 × 6) ÷ 100 = 18.72%

Effective CI rate (semi-annually) for 3 half-years at 6% = 3(6) + 3(6)² ÷ 100 + (6)³ ÷ 10000 = 18 + 1.08 + 0.0216 = 19.1016%

Difference in effective rate = 19.1016% − 18.72% = 0.3816%

Difference in amount = 0.3816% of 2,50,000 = (0.3816 ÷ 100) × 250000 = ₹954

∴ The correct answer is ₹954.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹2,50,000

Rate (R) = 12% per annum

Time (T) = 1.5 years

Compounded Annually (1.5 years):

₹2,50,000

+12% (1st yr)

₹2,80,000

+6% (½ yr)

₹2,96,800

Compounded Semi-Annually (3 half-years):

₹2,50,000

+6%

₹2,65,000

+6%

₹2,80,900

+6%

₹2,97,754

Difference = ₹2,97,754 − ₹2,96,800 = ₹954

Calculations:

⇒ Amount compounded annually (A₁) = P × (1 + R/100)¹ × (1 + (R/2)/100)

⇒ A₁ = 250000 × (1 + 12/100) × (1 + 6/100)

⇒ A₁ = 250000 × 1.12 × 1.06 = 250000 × 1.1872

⇒ A₁ = ₹2,96,800

<br>

⇒ Amount compounded semi-annually (A₂) = P × (1 + (R/2)/100)^2T

⇒ A₂ = 250000 × (1 + 6/100)³

⇒ A₂ = 250000 × (1.06)³ = 250000 × 1.191016

⇒ A₂ = ₹2,97,754

<br>

⇒ Difference in amounts = A₂ − A₁

⇒ Difference = 297754 − 296800 = ₹954

∴ The correct answer is ₹954.

Additional Information

Effective Rate Method

For 3 equal periods at rate R%, the effective compound interest rate is calculated as: 3R + 3R²/100 + R³/10000.

Half-Yearly Compounding

When interest is compounded semi-annually, the annual rate of interest is divided by 2 (R/2) and the number of years is multiplied by 2 (2T).

Fractional Year Compounding

If time is given in fractions like 1.5 years, the formula used for annual compounding is: A = P(1 + R/100)¹ × (1 + (R/2)/100)¹.

Shortcut Trick

LCM of the denominators 6, 8, and 9 is 72. Multiplying fractions by 72 gives integer ratio.

A : B : C = (1/6 × 72) : (1/8 × 72) : (1/9 × 72) = 12 : 9 : 8

Total units = 12 + 9 + 8 = 29 units → ₹3,596

1 unit = ₹3,596 ÷ 29 = ₹124

Difference between A and C = 12 − 8 = 4 units → 4 × 124 = 496

∴ The correct answer is ₹496.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount to be divided = ₹3,596

Initial ratio of shares of A, B, and C = 1/6 : 1/8 : 1/9

Calculations:

⇒ LCM of the denominators 6, 8, and 9 is 72.

⇒ Multiplying each fraction by 72 to get simple integer ratios:

⇒ Share of A = 1/6 × 72 = 12 units

⇒ Share of B = 1/8 × 72 = 9 units

⇒ Share of C = 1/9 × 72 = 8 units

⇒ Simplified ratio of shares A : B : C = 12 : 9 : 8

⇒ Total sum of ratio units = 12 + 9 + 8 = 29 units

⇒ We know, 29 units = ₹3,596

⇒ 1 unit = 3596 ÷ 29 = 124

⇒ Difference in ratio between A and C = 12 units − 8 units = 4 units

⇒ Total difference in amount = 4 × 124 = 496

∴ The correct answer is ₹496.

Additional Information

Ratio Simplification

To convert fractional ratios into simplest integer ratios, multiply each fraction by the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of all the denominators.

Proportion

When two ratios are equal, they are said to be in proportion (a/b = c/d). The core rule of proportion is that the product of the extremes equals the product of the means (a × d = b × c).

Distribution of Amount

If a total quantity T is to be divided among participants in the ratio a : b : c, the individual share can be calculated as Share = (Individual Ratio Unit ÷ Total Ratio Units) × T.

Given:

Length of the train = 240 m

Length of the platform = 250 m

Time = 28 seconds

Concept used:

If the length of the train is 'x' m and the length of the platform is 'y' m then Distance is taken as (x +y) m

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Speed in km/h = (Speed in m/s) × 18/5

Calculation: 

Here, distance = 240 + 250 = 490 m 

 ⇒ Speed = 490/28 = 35/2 m/s

 ⇒ Speed (in km/h) = (35/2) × 18/5 = 63 km/h

 ∴ The correct answer will be 63 km/h.

Shortcut Trick 

Here Distance = length of train + length of platform

⇒ Distance = 240 + 250 = 490

⇒ Speed = 490/28 = 35/2 m/s

 ⇒ 35/2 × 18/5 = 63 km/h

∴ The required speed is 63 km/h.

Given:

Time is taken by A to complete the work = 18 days

Time is taken by A to complete the work = 24 days

Calculation:

Time taken by A to complete the work = 18 days

⇒ Work done by A in 1 day = 1/18 units 

Time taken by B to complete the work = 24 days

⇒ Work done by B in 1 day = 1/24 units 

They complete the work in 8 days with the help of C

⇒ Work done by C in 1 day = 1/8 - (1/18 + 1/24) = 2/72 units

Ratio of work = A : B : C = (1/18) : (1/24) : 2/72 = 4 : 3 : 2

A's share = (4/9) × 22500

⇒ A = Rs.10,000

∴ Rs. 10,000 is to be paid to A.

Alternate Method

⇒ 9 = 22500 × 4 = 10,000 = A

∴ Rs. 10,000 is to be paid to A.

Calculation:

Here,

⇒ 8 - 5 = 3

⇒ 14 - 11 = 3

∴ Required number = (L.C.M of 8, 14) - 3 = 56 - 3 = 53

Given: 

MP = 500

Allowed successive discount = 20% & 10%

Shortcut Trick Here, 20% = 1/5 & 10% = 1/10

Here, 50 Units = 500

1 Unit = 10

36 Units = 360

∴ The Price of the article 360.

Alternate Method

Formula Used: 

For Successive discount = - a - b + $ab \over 100$

Calculation: 

Successive discount = - 20 - 10 + $20 × 10 \over 100$% = 28%

So, total discount = 500 × ²⁸/₁₀₀ = 140

∴ The Price of the article = 500 - 140 = 360

Given: 

Loss = 15%

If SP is increased by Rs. 150 then profit is 5%.

Formula used:

SP = CP × (100 - L%)/100

SP = CP × (100 + P%)/100

Calculation:

Let CP be Rs. x

When loss is 15% then,

SP = (100 - 15)x/100 = 85x/100

⇒ SP = 17x/20

When Profit is 5% then,

SP = (100 + 5)x/100 = 105x/100

⇒ SP = 21x/20

According to the question,

21x/20 - 17x/20 = 150

⇒ 4x/20 = 150

⇒ x = 750

Hence the CP is Rs. 750.

Shortcut Trick

 Let CP be 100x

⇒ SP at 15% loss = 85x

⇒ SP at 5% profit = 105x

According to the question,

105x - 85x = 150

⇒ 20x = 150

⇒ 100x = 750.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 750

Given:

25 men can complete a work in 36 hours

Formula used:

M₁ × H₁ = M₂ × H₂

Calculation:

M1 × H1 = M2 × H2

⇒ 25 × 36 = 12 × H2

⇒ H2 = 75

∴ 12 men complete a work in 75 hours

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ 1800 ÷ 10 × [45 ÷ (17 - 2)] of 2 + [- 2 (1 + 2)]

⇒ 1800 ÷ 10 × [45 ÷ 15] of 2 + (- 6)

⇒ 1800 ÷ 10 × 3 of 2 + (- 6)

⇒ 1800 ÷ 10 × 6 - 6

⇒ 180 × 6 - 6

⇒ 1080 - 6

⇒ 1074

∴ The correct answer is 1074.

Given:

19% profit after giving 15% discount on marked price.

Solution:

Let, the cost price be = Rs 100 

So, selling price = (100 + 19)% = Rs 119 

S.P = MP × (100 - D) / 100

119 = MP × (100 - 15) / 100

MP = (119 × 100) / 85

⇒ 140

If the discount is 18 %, then the selling price 

SP = 140 × (100 - 18) / 100

SP = 114.8

∴ New profit percentage = (114.8 - 100) % = 14.8 %

Shortcut Trick

Total units = (6 men × 5) + (13 women × 4) + (6 boys × 3)

Total units = 30 + 52 + 18 = 100 units

100 units = ₹18,400 → 1 unit = ₹184

Individual share of each boy = 3 units = 3 × 184 = ₹552

∴ The correct answer is ₹552.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount to be divided = ₹18,400

Ratio of individual shares (Man : Woman : Boy) = 5 : 4 : 3

Number of people: 6 men, 13 women, and 6 boys

Formula Used:

Total Share of a group = Number of individuals × Individual share ratio

Calculations:

⇒ Let the individual share of a man, a woman, and a boy be 5x, 4x, and 3x respectively.

⇒ Total share of 6 men = 6 × 5x = 30x

⇒ Total share of 13 women = 13 × 4x = 52x

⇒ Total share of 6 boys = 6 × 3x = 18x

⇒ Total sum = 30x + 52x + 18x = 100x

⇒ 100x = 18400

⇒ x = 184

⇒ Share of each boy = 3x = 3 × 184 = ₹552

∴ The correct answer is ₹552.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

If a : b = c : d, then the product of extremes equals the product of means (a × d = b × c).

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of two ratios (a : b) and (c : d) is (a × c) : (b × d).

Duplicate and Sub-duplicate Ratio

Duplicate ratio of a : b is a² : b², while the sub-duplicate ratio is √a : √b.

Given:

The average score of a group of students in a test is 58

The average score of the brightest 15% of the students is 85

The average score of the poorest 20% of the students is 28.

Concept used:

Average = Sum of elements / No. of elements

Calculation:

Let the number of students in a group be X.

Sum of scores of students = 58 X

Sum of 15% brightest students = (X × 15/100) × 85

⇒ 12.75 X

Sum of 20% poorest students = (X × 20/100) × 28

⇒ 5.6 X

Remaining Students = 100 - 15 - 20 

⇒ 65%

Sum of remaining 65% students = Total - Sum of 15% - Sum of 20%

⇒ 58 X - 12.75 X - 5.6 X

⇒ 39.65 X

Average of Remaining 65% students = 39.65 X/(X × 65%)

⇒  3965/65

⇒ 61

∴ The Required Answer is 61.

Given:

A₁ = Rs.10,164

A₂ = Rs.12,320

T₁ = 4 years

T₂ = 15/2 years

Calculation:

A₁ = P + 4× I  -----------(1)

A₂ = P + 15/2 × I  -----------(2)

By subtracting equation (1) by (2)

we get,

⇒ 7/2 I = 2156

⇒ I = 616

Now by Putting value of I in equation (1),

⇒ 10164 = P + 4 × 616

⇒ P = 7700

⇒ R = 616/7700 × 100

⇒ R = 8

∴ The principal is Rs.7700 and the Rate is 8% per annum.

Given: 

SP of the article is 2320

Profit = 16%

Calculation:

CP of the article = 2320 × 100/116 = 2000

If he sold it for 2100 Rs then profit = 2100 - 2000 = 100

Profit% = $100\over 2000$ × 100 = 5%

∴ The profit is 5%.

Shortcut Trick

Given: 16% of x = 24% of y

Divide both sides by 2: 8% of x = 12% of y

Multiply both sides by 3: 24% of x = 36% of y

∴ The correct answer is 36% of y.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ 16% × x = 24% × y

Calculations:

⇒ (16/100) × x = (24/100) × y

⇒ 16x = 24y

⇒ x = (24/16)y

⇒ x = 1.5y

Now, find 24% of x:

⇒ 24% of 1.5y = (24/100) × 1.5y

⇒ (24 × 1.5)% of y

⇒ 36% of y

∴ The correct answer is 36% of y.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

To find the percentage change, use the formula: [(New Value − Old Value) / Old Value] × 100.

Successive Percentage

If a value is increased by a% and then by b%, the effective change is [a + b + (ab/100)]%.

Fraction to Percentage

To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply by 100. Example: 3/4 × 100 = 75%.

The correct answer is 'He walked so fastly', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points 

• The mistake is using the word 'fastly' which actually doesn't exist. It's not a word.
• The correct word is 'fast'.
• So, whether we want to use it as an adjective, which is for a noun, or an adverb, for a verb, we need to use the word 'fast'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
  

Correct sentence: He walked so fast that I could not keep pace with him. 

Additional Information

• Adjective: a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to, or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it.
• Adverb: a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.

The correct answer is 'Cunning'.

Key Points

• Let's see the meaning of the given word and the marked answer:
• Innocent: not involving or intended to cause harm or offence; harmless.
• Example: I was thirteen years old and very innocent.
• ​Cunning - having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion. 
• Example: But the wicked creature was very cunning, and she finally thought of a trick that would give her what she wanted.
• Thus, from the above explanation, it can be seen that the most possible antonym for the word 'innocent' is 'cunning'.

Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of the other options as well:
• Harmless: not able or likely to cause harm.
• Simple: easily understood or done; presenting no difficulty.
• Honest: free of deceit and untruthfulness; sincere.

The correct answer is 'Reckless'.

Key Points 

• Let's see the meaning of the given word and the marked answer:
• Cautious: careful to avoid danger or risks.
• Example: The air-pollution board has reacted with cautious optimism to the announcement.
• Reckless: not caring or worrying about the possible bad or dangerous results of your actions.
• Example: He ran into the burning house with reckless abandon.
• Thus, from the above explanation, it can be seen that the most possible antonym for the word 'Cautious' is 'Reckless'.

Additional Information 

• Let's see the meaning of the other options as well:
• Watchful: watching or observing someone or something closely; alert and vigilant.
• Alert: the state of being watchful for possible danger.
• Vigilant: giving careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity.

The correct answer is 'Catalogue'.

Key Points 

• Let's see the meaning of the given options:
• Catalogue: a list of all the books or resources in a library.
• Bibliography: a list of the books of a specific author or publisher, or on a specific subject.
• Register: an official list or record, for example of births, marriages, and deaths, of shipping, or of historic places.
• Document: a piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or evidence or that serves as an official record.
• Thus, from above, we can conclude that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'sang a song', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of the infinitive.
• Infinitive verb: An infinitive is the basic form of a verb, having no tense and not being conjugated. In English, an infinitive is preceded by the word 'to'.
• Structure:
• To + the first form of the verb
• Example: to dance, to sing, to go, etc.
• Thus, the usage of the second form of the verb with 'to' is incorrect.
• It needs to be replaced with its first form of the verb, i.e. 'sing'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.
  

Correct sentence: I decided to sing a song in the interschool song competition.

The correct answer is 'Chase'.

Key Points  

• Let's see the meaning of the given options:
• Chase: to hurry after someone or something in order to catch him.
• Sprint: an act or short spell of running at full speed.
• Race: a competition between runners, horses, vehicles, boats, etc., to see which is the fastest in covering a set course.
• Rush: move with urgent haste.
• Thus, from above, we can conclude that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'immediately'.

Key Points 

• Let's take a look at the options:
• boldly: in a confident and courageous way; showing a willingness to take risks.
• immediately: at once; instantly.
• obediently: in a manner that shows a willingness to comply with an order or request; submissively.
• faithfully: in a loyal manner.
• 'Stopped' is an action that happened as soon as brakes were applied, thus to fill the blank, we need an option that can express the prompt action.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

<br>

Correct Sentence: The car stopped immediately when the brakes were applied.

The correct answer is 'intervention'.

Key Points

• Let's take a look at the options:
• oscillations: movement back and forth at a regular speed.
• exaggeration: a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is.
• intermission: a pause or break.
• intervention: the action or process of intervening.
• 'But for' is a phrase that means if it were not for.
• The sentence means the attack would have happened if he hadn't intervened.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

<br>

Correct Sentence: But for his intervention, they would have attacked each other.

The correct answer is 'Opponent'.

Key Points   

• Let's see the meaning of the given word and the marked answer:
• Adversary: a country or person you are fighting or competing against.
• Example: Like the trained warrior that I was, I knew not to oppose an adversary head-on.
• Opponent: someone who competes against or fights another in a contest, game, or argument; a rival or adversary.
• Example: Leading opponents of the proposed cuts in defence spending will meet later today.
• Thus, from the above explanation, it can be seen that the possible synonym for the word 'Adversary' is 'Opponent'.

Additional Information   

• Let's see the meaning of the other options as well:
• Uniform: the same; not changing or different in any way
• Companion: someone or something you spend a lot of time with or travel with, or a friend who lives with you.
• Prudent: acting with or showing care and thought for the future.

The correct answer is 'protect'.

Key Points  

• Let's take a look at the options:
• care: the provision of what is necessary for the health, welfare, maintenance, and protection of someone or something.
• protect: keep safe from harm or injury.
• defend: resist an attack made on (someone or something); protect from harm or danger.
• neglect: fail to care for properly.
• The sentence talks about saving oneself from rain by wearing a raincoat. Thus, the word 'protect' express the meaning correctly and hence will be used in the sentence.
• Defend is used for danger or an attack that is actual or threatening. Thus, it is not appropriate in the given context.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

<br>

Correct Sentence: We can protect ourselves from the rain by wearing a raincoat.

The correct answer is 'Rise very high'.

Key Points 

• Go through the roof: to rise to a very high level.
• Example: Prices have gone through the roof.
• Thus, from above we can say that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Togather', i.e. it is the incorrectly spelt word.

Key Points

• Let's take a look at the options:
• Render: cause to be or become; make.
• Gnaw: bite at or nibble something persistently.
• People: human beings in general or considered collectively.
• Togather: There is no such word in the dictionary, the correct spelling is 'Together' which means with or in proximity to another person or people.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 4, i.e. it is the incorrectly spelt word.

The correct answer is 'for'.

Key Points  

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of preposition.
• The given sentence is an example of the present perfect continuous sentence.
• Present perfect continuous tense: The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive tense) shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time. 
• Structure: 
• has/have been + the present participle (root + -ing).
• Example: I have been reading War and Peace for a month now.
• The word 'for' is used to show a period of time whereas 'since' is used to refer to a point of time.
• For Examples:
• We lived there for five years.
• He has been away since Monday.
• For/since are generally used in the present perfect continuous sentence.
• Thus, the usage of 'during' is incorrect. it needs to be replaced with 'for'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
  

Correct sentence: They have been living here for ten years.

Additional Information 

• Preposition: a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.

The correct answer is 'Adjust quickly to changes and make fast decisions'.

Key Points

• Think on your feet: to make a quick decision or give an answer quickly; react to events decisively, effectively, and without prior thought.
• Example: I'd never heard about the company before, so I had to think on my feet.
• Thus, from above we can say that the correct answer is option 3.