SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 9th December 2021 Shift 3)

The logic followed here is:

The letters present at even numbered position when counting from left to right are positioned in reverse order starting from left to right. After that the letters present at odd numbered position when counting from left to right are positioned in reverse order starting from left to right.

Similarly,

Hence, 'NRLHEDIC' is the correct answer

The least possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

I. All books are pencils. → Follow (As, All books are registers and All registers are pencils)

II. No register is a pencil. → Does not follow (As, All registers are pencils)

Hence, Only conclusion I follows.

The logic followed here is:

hence, '140' is the correct answer.

Let the number be a.

According to question:

a + (a + 1) + 2 (a + 1) = 35

⇒ a + a + 1 + 2a + 2 = 35

⇒ 4a + 3 = 35

⇒ 4a = 35 - 3

⇒ 4a = 32

⇒ a = 32 ÷ 4

⇒ a = 8

Therefore, the number is 8.

Hence, '8' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, '20' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

• Inflation is antonym of Deflation.

Similarly,

• Quick is antonym of Sluggish.

Hence, 'Sluggish' is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed to the right side of the figure is shown below:

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

From the three different positions of the same dice shown, it is clear that 5 is adjacent to 1, 4 , 6 and 3.

The position of the next rotation will have 3 in the front face and 1 at right hand side position.

So, the position of the next rotation will be similar to dice shown in option 2.

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 'CQ' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

1. KMNL → K + 2 = M; M + 1 = N; N - 2 = L
2. OQSP → O + 2 = Q; Q + 2 = S; S - 3 = P
3. RTUS → R + 2 = T; T + 1 = U; U - 2 = S
4. JLMK → J + 2 = L; L + 1 = M; M - 2 = K

Hence, 'OQSP' is the odd one out.

Six girls, P, Q, R, S, T and U are sitting in two lines, one line behind the other line.

All the girls are facing north.

In the front line there are three girls.

The remaining girls are sitting in the second line.

1. S is sitting to the immediate left of Q. 2. S is between T and Q. 3. T is just behind P.

4. R is sitting to the immediate left of U.

Clearly, S is sitting just behind R.

Hence, 'S' is the correct answer.

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct option that indicates the arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is:

1. Prelude
2. Pressure
3. Presume
4. Product
5. Profess

Hence, '1, 2, 3, 4, 5' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, '59' is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, Y is wife of M.

Hence, ‘Wife’ is the correct answer.

The square box is changing its position by shifting 90° in clockwise direction, while the shaded triangle in the square box is changing its position by rotating in clockwise direction.

The arrow is also changing its position by shifting 90° in anti clockwise direction and the arrow itself rotates in 90° clockwise direction each time its changes its position.

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

M, N, O and P are sitting around a round office table.

E, F, G and H have also joined the meeting.

1. P is sitting second to the right of G and third to the left of H. 2. N is opposite to H.

3. M is sitting opposite to F and between O and G.

As E is the only person left, E will occupy the vacant position.

Clearly, P and E are sitting adjacent to F.

Hence, 'P, E' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 1st Number × 11 + 8 = 2nd Number

• 9 : 107 → 9 × 11 + 8 = 99 + 8 = 107

Similarly,

• 8 : ? → 8 × 11 + 8 = 88 + 8 = 96

Hence, '96' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Given: 5 (7 S 3) D 3 (8 P 6) V 7 D 11 (3 S 13 S 2) P 2 (41 S 9)

The codes are as follows:

5 (7 × 3) - 3 (8 + 6) ÷ 7 - 11 (3 × 13 × 2) + 2 (41 × 9)

= 5 × 21 - 3 × 14 ÷ 7 - 11 × 78 + 2 × 369

= 5 × 21 - 3 × 2 - 11 × 78 + 2 × 369

= 105 - 6 - 858 + 738

= 843 - 6 - 858

= 843 - 864

= - 21

Hence, '- 21' is the correct answer.

Indian social workers who are NOT yoga teachers is shown below:

Hence, '18' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (In a row) 1st number × 2 + 2nd Number = 3rd Number

• Row 1: 14 × 2 +  10 = 28 + 10 = 38
• Row 2: 15 × 2 + 20 = 30 + 20 = 50

Similarly,

• Row 3: 16 × 2 + 30 = 32 + 30 = 62

Hence, '62' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'NFOUBM' is the correct answer.

Given sequence: Y _ D P _ A _ P Y A D _ Y A _ P

1. P Y D P D → Y P D P - Y A D P - Y A D P - Y A D P → Does not form a pattern
2. A Y D P Y → Y A D P - Y A D P - Y A D P - Y A Y P → Does not form a pattern
3. A Y D P D → Y A D P - Y A D P - Y A D P - Y A D P → Form a pattern
4. A Y P D Y → Y A D P - Y A P P - Y A D D - Y A Y P → Does not form a pattern

• In option 3, YADP is repeated.

Hence, 'A Y D P D' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

  

Hence, 'DNWROE' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is MS Subbulakshmi. 

Key Points

• MS Subbulakshmi was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.
• MS Subbulakshmi was awarded by Bharat ratna in 1998.
• MS Subbulakshmi was an Indian Carnatic singer from Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
• She has recorded songs in over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in almost all Indian regional languages and foreign languages, though primarily in Marathi, Hindi, and Bengali.
• France conferred her its highest civilian award (Officer of the Legion of Honour) in 2007.

Important Points

• ​The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
• Established: 2 January 1954
• First awarded: 1954: C. Rajagopalachari; Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan; C. V. Raman
• Total: 48
• Awarded: 2019: Nanaji Deshmukh (Posthumous), Bhupen Hazarika (Posthumous); Pranab Mukherjee.
• 2024 Awardee : They are Karpoori Thakur, Mankombu Sambasivan (MS) Swaminathan, Pamulaparthi Venkata (P. V.) Narasimha Rao, Lal Krishna Advani, and Chaudhary Charan Singh.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Thervoy Kandigai-Kannankottai reservoir is situated in Tamil Nadu.
• Thervoy Kandigai reservoir is the fifth major reservoir built to satisfy the drinking water needs of Chennai city.
• The reservoir was constructed by combining Thervoy Kandigai and Kannankottai lakes in the Thiruvallur district.
• It was commissioned by Amit Shah, Internal Affairs minister of India, on November 21, 2020.

Additional Information

• ​Tamil Nadu is famed for its Dravidian-style Hindu temples.
• On Pamban Island, Ramanathaswamy Temple is a pilgrimage site.
• Tamil Nadu:
• Governor: R. N. Ravi (Sept 2022)
• Capital: Chennai
• Chief minister: M. K. Stalin
• Population: 6.79 crores (2012)
• Language: Tamil

The correct answer is South Africa.

Key Points

• South Africa has won the Rugby World Cup 2019.
• It was the third time South Africa won the World Cup
• South Africa won the Rugby World Cup in 2019 after a 32-12 victory over England in Japan.
• The South Africa National Rugby Union Team is commonly known as the Springboks.

Important Points

• ​South Africa, on the continent's southern tip, is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and by the Indian Ocean on the south and east.
• President: Cyril Ramaphosa (Sept 2022)
• Currency: South African rand
• Population: 5.93 crores (2020)
• Official languages: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, Zulu, Southern Sotho, etc.

Additional Information

• ​The Rugby World Cup is a men's rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams.
• Founded: 1987
• Next World Cup: Fri, 8 Sept 2023 – Sat, 28 Oct 2023
• Number of teams: 20
• Holders: South Africa (2019)

The correct answer is 22.

Key Points

• The Saraswati Samman is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in 22 Indian Languages.
• The Saraswati Samman is an annual award for poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages listed in Schedule VIII of the Constitution of India.
• Ramdarsh Mishra was honoured with Saraswati Samman for 2021 for his collection of poems 'In Toh Here Hoon' on April 7, 2022.

Additional Information

• Saraswati Samman
• Date: 1991
• First winner: Harivansh Rai Bachchan
• Location: Delhi
• Most recent winner: Ram Darash Mishra
• Reward(s): ₹15,00,000
• Sponsored by: K. K. Birla Foundation

The correct answer is Rajhara Hills.

Key Points

• On Rajhara Hills American geologist Charles Weld and Dorabji Tata find iron ores.
• In 1904 Charles Weld, and Dorabji Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata, were travelling in Chhattisgarh in search of iron ore deposits.

Important Points

• Tata Steel Limited is an Indian multinational steel-making company, based in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Founder: Jamsetji Tata (Rustomji Jamshedji Dorabji Jamshedji)
• CEO: T. V. Narendran (31 Oct 2017–Present)
• Total assets: 2.86 lakh crores INR (US$38 billion, 2022)
• Founded: 25 August 1907, Jamshedpur
• Subsidiaries: Tata Steel Europe, Tata Steel BSL,etc.

The correct answer is Electromagnetic.

Key Points

• Electromagnetic waves are not a characteristic of a sound wave.
• Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate.
• This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not only through the air and solid materials but also through the vacuum of space.
• Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, all of these waves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Additional Information

• A sound wave is the pattern of disturbance caused by the energy travelling away from the source of the sound. Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
• The sound waves travel the fastest through solids.
• The speed of sound is the lowest in gases.
• The number of rarefactions and compressions that occur per unit of time is known as the frequency of a sound wave.

The correct answer is ​economically weaker sections.

Key Points

• The 103rd Amendment of the Constitution of India provides reservation for economically weaker sections in government jobs and educational institutions.
• The constitutional provision to provide 10 per cent reservation in government jobs and education to the economically backward section in the general category.
• The  Act amends Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution, by adding a clause which allows states to make, special provisions for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens.

Additional Information

• ​The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.
• The Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950.
• The Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of government which is federal in structure with certain unitary features.
• The constitutional head of the Executive of the Union is the President of India.
• As per Article 79 of the Constitution of India, the council of the Parliament of the Union consists of the President and two Houses are known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).​

The correct answer is 1675.

Key Points

• In the year 1675 Ninth Guru of the Sikhs, Shri Guru Teg Bahadur executed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
• Guru Teg Bahadur was the ninth of ten Gurus who founded the Sikh religion.
• Aurangzeb beheaded Guru Teg Bahadur on 24 November 1675, in front of a massive crowd.
• Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk marks the place of his execution.

Additional Information

• ​Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539).
• Sikhism was founded around the end of the 15th century.
• Guru Nanak composed many hymns, which were collected in the Adi Granth by Guru Arjun.
• Sikhism, also known as Sikh Dharma, is an Indian religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent.
• The final contribution of the Gurus came with Guru Gobind Singh.

The correct answer is Freya Thakral.

Key Points

• Freya Thakral was awarded Diana Award 2020.
• Freya Thakral has received the 2020 Diana Award for her “Recycler App”.
• She developed this App to connect users with waste handlers as a measure to help the ragpickers of Delhi.
• This recycler App is a web-based mobile application which connects users with waste handlers.

Additional Information

• ​The Diana Award was established in 1999 in memory of Princess Diana of the United Kingdom.
• The award is to recognize the Social works and Humanitarian efforts of youngsters around the world.
• The award is given on July 1st to commemorate the birth anniversary of Princess Diana.

The correct answer is August.

Key Points

• World Biofuel Day is observed on August 10.
• Every year to create awareness about the non-conventional sources of energy that could be used as an alternative to fossil fuels.
• The theme for 2020: Biofuels towards Atmanirbhar Bharat.
• The Biofuels programme is also in synergy with the Government of India’s initiative of Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Additional Information

• ​Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass.
• Biofuels are a class of renewable energy derived from living materials.
• The most common biofuels are corn ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas from organic by-products.
• Energy from renewable resources puts less strain on the limited supply of fossil fuels, which are considered nonrenewable resources.

The correct answer is Douglas Stuart. 

Key Points

• Douglas Stuart has won the Booker prize for his first novel, Shuggie Bain.
• The story based on his own life that follows a boy growing up in poverty in 1980s Glasgow.
• He is the second Scottish personality to win this award after James Kelman took the prize in 1994.
• Damon Galgut has won the Booker Prize 2021 (Book-The Promise).

Additional Information

• ​The Booker Prize, formerly known as the Booker Prize for Fiction and the Man Booker Prize.
• It is awarded each year for the best novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom or Ireland.
• The Booker Prize​:
• Established: 1969
• First awarded: 1969
• Related award: The Golden Man Booker
• Category: Booker Prize

The correct answer is Sandeep Kataria.

Key Points

• Sandeep Kataria  became the global Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Bata Shoe Organization.
• Sandeep Kataria joined Bata in 2020 as its chief executive officer after serving as a chief commercial officer at Vodafone.
• In his nearly 25-year-long career, the IIT-Delhi alumni, has worked across large consumer-facing businesses including Hindustan Unilever.

Important Points 

• ​The Bata Corporation is a multinational footwear, apparel and fashion accessories manufacturer. 
• Founded: 24 August 1894, Zlín, Czechia
• Customer service: 1800 419 2282
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
• CEO: Sandeep Kataria (Dec 2020–Present)
• Founder: Tomáš Baťa

The correct answer is Bali Yatra.

Key Points

• Bali Yatra is the annual event associated with the state of Odisha.
• Bali Yatra is a festival that commemorates the rich maritime history of Odisha.
• A week-long event is organized starting from the day of the full moon day in the month of Kartik (October-November).
• Bali Yatra is believed to be the largest open-air fair in the state of Odisha.

Additional Information

• Odisha is an Indian state located in Eastern India.
• It is the 8th largest state by area and the 11th largest by population.
• The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India.
• It neighbours the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south.
• Odisha: 
• Governor: Ganeshi Lal (Sept 2022)
• Capital: Bhubaneswar
• Population: 4.37 crores (2014)
• Chief minister: Naveen Patnaik

The correct answer is Maldives.

Key Points

• Maldives island country in the Arabian sea is a neighbour of India.
• The Maldives is a nation of islands in the Indian Ocean, that spans the equator.
• The country is comprised of 1192 islands.
• The Maldives lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about 750 kilometres from the Asian continent's mainland.
• Maldives:
• ​Capital: Malé
• President: Mohamed Muizzu
• Continent: Asia
• Population: 5.41 lakhs (2020)
• Currencies: United States Dollar, Maldivian rufiyaa
• Official language: Dhivehi

Confusion Points

• Srilanka lies in the Indian Ocean.
• Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
• Myanmar is located in South-east Asia.

The correct answer is 1.

Key Points

• An Indian firm whose turnover is less than ₹ 1 crore is not subject to corporate tax as on November 2020.
• Corporate tax is the tax imposed by the Government of India on the net income or profit that corporate enterprises make from their businesses.
• It is a tax imposed on the net income of the company.

Important Points

• ​Corporate Income Tax is a Direct Tax.
• The tax is imposed at a specific rate as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
• In most nations, the Corporate Tax is levied at a national level and can also be levied at a State or local level.
• Private and public companies registered in India under the Companies Act are liable to pay corporate tax.
• Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) is not applicable to such companies.
• The Minimum Alternate Tax is a measure to include all companies in the income tax loop.
• The MAT ensures that no company can avoid paying income tax, even after claiming exemptions.

The correct answer is ​Bara Imambara.

Key Points

• Bara Imambara is located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
• Bara Imambara, also known as Asafi Imambara.
• The Bara Imambara complex in Lucknow was built by Asaf-ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh in 1784.
• The building also includes the large Asfi mosque, the Bhul-bhulaiya (the labyrinth), and Bowli.

Additional Information

• ​Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India.
• Land area: 243,286 km²
• Established:1950
• Governor: Anandi ben Patel (Sept 2022)
• Capital: Lucknow
• Population: 20.42 crores (2012)
• Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath (Sept 2022)

The correct answer is Punjab University, Chandigarh.

Key Points

• Punjab University, Chandigarh was the recipient of the ‘Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy’ in the year 2020.
• Panjab University Chandigarh has won the trophy 15 times.
• The MAKA Trophy instituted in years 1956-57 is a rolling trophy awarded to the overall top performing University in sports.
• This running trophy is awarded by the President of India.

Additional Information

• ​Punjab has always been landed of great saints and fighters. Punjab is the place of Sikhism.
• Land area: 50,362 km²
• Capital: Chandigarh
• Governor: Banwarilal Purohit (Sept 2022)
• Chief minister: Bhagwant Mann

The correct answer is Riboflavin.

Key Points

• Riboflavin is also known as Vitamin B2.
• Riboflavin is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement.
• It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide.
• People most commonly use riboflavin to prevent riboflavin deficiency, for migraine, and for high levels of homocysteine in the blood.
• Formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆

Additional Information

• ​Riboflavin
• Melting point: 280 °C
• Molar mass: 376.36 g/mol
• Formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆
• Other names: lactochrome, lactoflavin, vitamin G
• Excretion: Urine

The correct answer is Tipitaka.

Key Points

• The Tipitaka is a collection of Buddhist teachings that are the foundation of the Theravada Buddhist philosophy.
• It's the earliest grouping of Buddhist teachings.
• The Tipitaka is also known as the Tripitaka, from the Pali words, ti, meaning "three," and Pitaka, meaning "baskets."
• Theravada Buddhism describes the Tripitaka as Buddhavacana or the word of the Buddha, as it contains the teachings of the Buddha and his disciples.
• The content was gathered and organized at the First Buddhist Council.

Important Points

• ​Gautam Buddha was the founder of Buddhism and is revered by Buddhists as a fully enlightened being who taught a path to Nirvana.
• Besides "Buddha" and the name Siddhārtha Gautama, he was also known by other names and titles, such as Shakyamuni ("Sage of the Shakyas").
• Gautam Buddha:
• Born: Lumbini Province, Nepal
• Died: Kushinagar
• Full name: Siddhartha Gautama
• Spouse: Yasodhara

The correct answer is Vivek Johri.

Key Points

• As of September 2022, Vivek Johri is the Chairman of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs.
• Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC) works under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.
• It is responsible for the formulation of policy relating to the levy and collection of Indirect taxes.
• It mostly formulates Customs duty, Central Excise duty, Central Goods and Service tax.

Additional Information

• Direct tax in the form an income tax was introduced by Sir James Wilson in India in 1860
• It was introduced to overcome the difficulties created by the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• The Central Board of Direct Taxes was constituted as a statutory body under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963.

The correct answer is Amritsar.

Key Points

• The skeletal remains of the Indian soldiers, who were killed by the British troops for participating in the First War of Independence in 1857, exhumed in March 2014 were found in Amritsar, Punjab.
• The skeletons of 282 Indian soldiers who participated in the country's First War of Independence in 1857 were found during the excavation.

Additional Information

• The 1857 revolt was called the First War of Independence by some historians.
• Some Indian sepoys recruited in the British Indian army had revolted against the use of pork and beef-greased cartridges citing religious beliefs.
• The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 as a mutiny by soldiers of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut.

Important leader Associated with the Revolt of 1857:

• ​Punjab is a state in Northwestern India, bordering Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Kashmir, Haryana, and Rajasthan.
• Punjab:
• Capital: Chandigarh
• Governor: Banwarilal Purohit
• Chief minister: Bhagwant Mann

The correct answer is Tokyo. ​ 

Key Points

• Tokyo is set to host the Tokyo Paralympic Games between August 24 and September 5, 2021.
• The Olympic Stadium in Tokyo witnessed approximately 4,400 para athletes participate across 540 events in 22 sports in the 16th Summer Paralympic Games.
• The Events were confirmed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee, Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

Additional Information​ 

• Japan is an island country in East Asia.
• It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan.
• Emperor: Naruhito
• Capital: Tokyo
• Prime minister: Fumio Kishida (Sept 2022)
• Currency: Japanese yen
• Population: 12.58 crores (2020)

The correct answer is In most modern economies, the central bank deals with fiscal policy while the government is responsible for monetary policy.

Key Points

• In most Modern economies ,Central Bank deals with the Monetary Policy and Central Government deals with the fiscal policy.
• Fiscal policies are managed by the governmental departments and aim to improve the economic output of the country.
• While monetary policies are managed by the central bank and aim to keep the inflation levels under control.
  

The fiscal policy is concerned with the increasing of government revenue and Government Budget increasing expenditure.

• To generate revenue and to increase expenditures, the government finance or policy called Budgeting policy or fiscal policy.
• The Union Budget 2022 has signalled the emphasis on the Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) in the pursuit of long-term infrastructure creation for the revival of the economy.

Important Points

• Main objectives of Fiscal Policy in India:
• Economic growth: Fiscal policy helps maintain the economy’s growth rate so that certain economic goals can be achieved.
• Price stability: It controls the price level of the country so that when the inflation is too high, prices can be regulated.
• Full employment: It aims to achieve full employment, or near full employment, as a tool to recover from low economic activity.

The correct answer is Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana was established on 21st August 1993 at Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
• It was established with an aim to increase the production and productivity of bananas and plantains through mission mode basic and strategic research approaches.
• The Centre works on four major thrust areas of research- Crop Improvement, Crop Production, Post Harvest Management and Crop Protection.

Important Points

• ​The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organization under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• The ICAR has its headquarters in New Delhi.
• With 111 ICAR institutes and 71 agricultural universities spread across the country, this is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world.

The correct answer is Cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Key Points

• World Health Organization(WHO), declared Cardiovascular disease (CVD)(heart disease) as the number one cause of death on the planet.
• An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths.
• Out of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke.
• Over three-quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries.

Important Points

• ​The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Founded: 7 April 1948
• Parent organization: United Nations

Given:

$\frac{{\frac{1}{4} \div \frac{1}{2} × 1\frac{1}{3}}}{{\frac{3}{4}of8 \div 2}} + 6 \div 3 × 2$

Concept:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

$\frac{{\frac{1}{4} \div \frac{1}{2} × 1\frac{1}{3}}}{{\frac{3}{4}of8 \div 2}} + 6 \div 3 × 2$

⇒ ${{1\over4}×{2\over1}×{4\over3}}\over{{3\over4}×8\div2}$ + 6 × $1\over3$ × 2

⇒ ${{1\over4}×{2\over1}×{4\over3}}\over{6\div2}$ + 2 × 2

⇒ ${2\over3}\over{6×{1\over2}}$ + 4

⇒ ${2\over3}\over{3\over1}$ + 4

⇒ $2\over3$ × $1\over3$ + 4

⇒ $2\over9$ + 4 = $38\over9$ = ${4}{2\over9}$ 

∴ The correct answer is ${4}{2\over9}$ .

Given :

The cost price of 12 articles = selling price of 8 articles

Concept used:

Profit% = profit/C.P × 100

Calculation :

CP x 12 = SP x 8

⇒ ${SP \over CP} = {12 \over 8}$  

⇒ ${SP \over CP} = {3 \over 2}$

∵ Profit = SP - CP 

⇒ Profit = 3 units - 2 units = 1 unit

⇒ Profit % = Profit/CP x 100

⇒ 1/2 x 100 = 50%

∴  The profit percentage is 50 %

Given:

The speed of a boat in still water is 9 km/h.

Distance covered in downstream = 35 km

Distance covered in upstream = 28 km

Concept used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Downstream speed = (v + u)

Upstream speed = (v - u)

Where, v = Speed of the boat in still water, u = Speed of the stream

Calculation:

Let the speed of the stream be 's' km/h

According to the question,

${35\over (9 + s)} = {28\over (9 - s)}$

⇒ 35(9 - s) = 28(9 + s)

⇒ 5(9 - s) = 4(9 + s)

⇒ 45 - 5s = 36 + 4s

⇒ 9 = 9s

⇒ s = 1 km/h

∴ The speed of the stream is 1 km/h.

Hence, the correct answer is 1 km/h.

Given:

A : B: C : D = 4 : 7 : 11 : 13

C = 2800 + B

Calculation:

By multiplying with constant x

we get,

⇒A = 4x, B = 7x, C = 11x, and D = 13x 

Now,

⇒11x - 7x = 4x

⇒ 4x = 2800

⇒ x = 700

Difference between A's share and D's share = 13x - 4x =9x

⇒ 9x = 9 × 700 = 6300

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 6300.

Given:

Amount(A) = Rs. 14641

Time(T) = 4 year

Rate(R) = 10%

Formula used:

$A = P[1 + (R/100)]^T$

SI =PRT/100

Calculation:

14641 = P[1 + (10/100)]⁴

⇒ P = 14641/ [1 + (10/100)]⁴

⇒ P = 14641/ [11/10]⁴

⇒ P = 146410000 / 14641

⇒ P = Rs.10000

Total interest in ${3\frac{1}{2}}$ years

⇒ T = 7/2 years

SI = 10000 × 10 × (7/2) / 100

⇒ SI = 500 × 7

⇒ SI = Rs. 3500

Hence, the simple interest is Rs. 3500.

Given:- 

Volume of right circular cone = 924 cm³

Height of cone = 18 cm

Formula used :-

Volume of Cone = 1/3(π r²h)

Perimeter of cone Base = 2π r

where,

r = radius of cone base

h = height of cone

Calculation:- 

According to question:-

⇒ 1/3(π r²h) = 924

⇒ 1/3 × 22/7 × r² ×  18 = 924

⇒ r² = (924 × 7 × 3)/(22 × 18)

⇒ r² = 19404/396

⇒ r² = 49

⇒ r = 7 cm

∴ Perimeter of cone base = 2π r

P = 2 × (22/7) × 7

P = 2 × 22

P = 44 cm

∴The perimeter of base of cone is 44cm

Calculation:

78 % of A = 32.5 % of B

⇒ 78 × A = 32.5 × B

⇒ B/A = (78/32.5)

⇒ B/A = (2 × 78)/65

⇒ B/A = (2 ×6)/5 

⇒ B/A = 12/5 

∴  The ratio of B to A = 12 : 5

Given:

$2 ÷ 2of\frac{1}{2} + 2.5 \times 2 ÷ (5 \times \frac{3}{5}of\frac{1}{3}) - 0.5\left( {2.5 - \frac{1}{2} \times 2 ÷ \frac{1}{2}} \right)$

Concept used:

Calculation:

$\Rightarrow2 ÷ 2of\frac{1}{2} + 2.5 \times 2 ÷ (5 \times \frac{3}{5}of\frac{1}{3}) - 0.5\left( {2.5 - 2} \right)$

⇒ $2 ÷ 2of\frac{1}{2} + 2.5 \times 2 ÷ (5 \times \frac{3}{5}of\frac{1}{3}) - 0.5\left( {0.5} \right)$

⇒ $2 ÷ 1 + 2.5 \times 2 ÷ (5 \times \frac{1}{5}) - 0.25$

⇒ $2 + 2.5 \times 2 ÷ 1 - 0.25$

⇒ 2 + 5 ÷ 1 - 0.25

⇒ 2 + 5 - 0.25

⇒ 7 - 0.25 = 6.75

Hence, the correct answer is 6.75.

Given:

A shopkeeper allows 10% discount on the marked price to his customers.

Formula used:

Profit percentage = Profit/CP × 100

Profit = SP - CP

Calculation:

Let the marked price be Rs. x

A shopkeeper buys goods at 20% discount

⇒ x - (20% of x) = x - $x\over5$ 

⇒ $4x\over5$ = CP

Allows 10% discount on the marked price,

⇒ x- 10% of x = x - $x\over10$ 

⇒ $9x\over10$ = SP

Profit = $9x\over10$ - $4x\over5$ = $x\over10$

Profit percentage = ${x\over10}\over{4x\over5}$ × 100 

⇒ $x\over10$ × $5\over4x$ × 100 = $25\over2$ = 12.5%

∴ The profit percentage is 12.5%

Shortcut Trick Let the marked price be Rs. 100

CP : SP

80 : 90

Profit percentage = $(90-80)\over80$ × 100 

⇒ $10\over80$ × 100 = 12.5%

∴ The profit percentage is 12.5%

Given: 

The marked price of the watch is Rs. 700

The selling price of a watch is Rs. 315

1st discount is 10%

Calculation:

Let the second discount be x %, then

700 × (100 - 10)% = 700 × 90%

⇒ 630

Now, 630 × (100 - x)% = 315

⇒ (100 - x)/100 = 315/630

⇒ (100 - x)/100 = 1/2

⇒ (100 - x) = 1/2 × 100

⇒ (100 - x) = 50

⇒ x = 50%

Hence, the 2nd discount is 50%.

Alternate Method

[(100 - 10)/100 × (100 - x)/100] × 700 = 315

9/10 × (100 - x) = 315/7

9/10 × (100 - x) = 45

(100 - x) = 50

x = 50%

Hence, the correct answer is 50%.

Given:-

⇒ 12 × SP = 15 × CP

Formula used:-

**%**Profit = [Profit/CP] × 100

Calculation:-

According to the question,

12 × SP = 15 × CP

⇒ SP/CP = 15/12

⇒ SP/CP = 5/4

⇒ SP = 5 units, CP = 4 units

⇒ Profit = 5 units - 4 units

⇒ Profit = 1 unit

Profit % = P/CP × 100

⇒ Profit % = 1/4 × 100

⇒ Profit % = 25%

Hence, the correct answer is 25%.

Given:

⇒ 8 taps fill a tank in 27 minutes.

Calculation:

In 27 minutes, 8 taps together fill one tank.

∴ In 3 minutes, 8 taps together fill = $(\frac{1}{27}× 3) = 1/9$  part of the tank.

After 3 minutes, 2 taps went out of service.

The remaining fill in the tank = (1 - 1/9) = 8/9 part of the tank.

The remaining taps = 6

⇒ 8 taps fill one tank in 27 minutes.

∴ 6 taps fill in the 8/9 part of the tank = $\frac{8}{9}× \frac{27}{6}× 8$ = 32 minutes

∴ The time taken to fill the tank with the remaining taps is 32 minutes 

Shortcut Trick

⇒ 8 taps fill a tank in 27 minutes.

Formal used:

 $\frac{M1 × D1 × H1}{W1} = \frac{M2 × D2 × H2}{W2}$  

M₁, M₂  ⇒  Total no of taps

D₁, D₂  ⇒ Days

H₁, H₂  ⇒ Hours

W₁, W₂  ⇒  Wages

Calculation:

⇒ $\frac{8 × 27}{1} = \frac{6 × H2}{8/9}$

 $H2 = \frac{8 × 27\times 8}{6 \times 9}$

H₂ = 32

∴ The time taken to fill the tank by the remaining taps is 32 minutes.

Given:

The average age of the couple 27 years ago = 25 years

The daughter's present age is 25 years

Formula used:

Average = sum of all terms/number of terms

Concept:

If operations(+, -, ×, ÷ ) are performed on all the terms of an average then it also affects the average.

for eg:

Let A be the average of a and b

If after adding n in both the terms it becomes a + n and b + n

Then, the New average will be A + n

Calculation: 

Let the present age of wife and husband be x and y

Average 27 years back,

Age of the wife 27 years ago = x - 27

Age of the husband 27 years ago = y - 27

Average 27 years ago = 25 

⇒ (x - 27 + y - 27)/2 = 25

⇒ x + y = 104

∴ Sum of the present ages of couple = 50 + 54 = 104

Average age of family = (104 + 25)/3 = 43

∴ The average age of the family is 43 years.

2 Given:

Radha took a loan of Rs. 19,200 partly at 4% and the rest at 7% per annum simple interest. 

She paid a total of Rs. 5,520 after 5 years as interest.

Concept used:

S.I = (P × R × T)/100

Where P = Principal, R = Rate of Interest, T = Time period

Calculation:

Total Interest of 5 years = 5,520

The interest of one year = 5,520/5

⇒ Rs 1,104

Let the loan of Rs 19200 partly divided between X and (19,200 - X)

S.I of X part for 1 year at 4% = (P × R × T)/100

⇒ 4 X/100

S.I of (19,200 - X) part for 1 year at 7% = (19,200 - X) × 7/100

Total Interest for 1 year = 1104

⇒ (4X/100) + [(19,200 - X) × 7/100] = 1,104

⇒ (1,34,400 - 3 X)/100 = 1,104

⇒ (1,34,400 - 3 X) = 1,10,400

⇒ (1,34,400 - 1,10,400) = 3 X

⇒ X = 24,000/3

⇒ X = 8,000

2nd Part = 19,200 - X

⇒ 19,200 - 8,000

⇒ 11,200

The difference of the money (in Rs.) borrowed at the two different rates of interest = 11,200 - 8,000

⇒ Rs 3,200

∴ The Required answer is Rs 3,200.

Shortcut Trick

The net rate of interest for one year

⇒ 1104/19200 × 100 = 5.75%

So, by the allegation method, 

 

∵ 1.25 : 1.75 = 5 : 7

(5 + 7) units = 19200

12 units = 19200

1 unit = 1600

The difference between the sum of money invested at two different interests,

⇒ 7 units - 5 units = 2 units

so, 2 units = 1600 × 2

⇒ 3200

Hence, the correct answer is Rs. 3200.

Given:

A man covers a certain distance at a uniform speed in 5 hours.

He increases his speed by 1 km/h, then he takes 10 minutes less.

Concept used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

According to the question,

When speed increases by 1 km/h, the time is reduced to 10 minutes,

⇒ 5 h - 10  min = 4 h 50 min

⇒ Distance travelled = (speed + 1) ×  4 h 50 min

∵ Distance is the same for both conditions.

⇒ Speed × 5 = (Speed + 1) × 4 h 50 min

⇒ Speed × 5 = (Speed + 1) × (4 + 50/60) hr

⇒ Speed × 5 = (Speed + 1) × 29/6

⇒ 30 × Speed = 29 × Speed + 29

⇒ (30 - 29) Speed = 29

⇒ Speed = 29 km/h

∴ The speed of the man is 29 km/h.

Shortcut Trick

Winning Candidate votes = 41250

Losing Candidate votes = 41250 − 7500 = 33750

Total Votes = 41250 + 33750 = 75000

Winning % = (41250 ÷ 75000) × 100 = 55%

∴ The correct answer is 55%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Votes of Winner (W) = 41250

Margin = 7500

Formula Used:

Total Votes = Winner votes + Loser votes

Percentage = (Obtained Value ÷ Total Value) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Loser votes = 41250 − 7500 = 33750

⇒ Total votes cast = 41250 + 33750 = 75000

⇒ Winning % = (41250 ÷ 75000) × 100

⇒ Winning % = (4125 ÷ 75) = 55%

∴ The correct answer is 55%.

Additional Information

Election Base Concept

In a two-candidate election, the sum of votes of both candidates equals the Total Valid Votes.

Margin Calculation

Margin = Winner votes − Loser votes. It can also be expressed as % Margin = % Winner − % Loser.

Invalid Votes

If Invalid Votes are present: Total Votes = Valid Votes + Invalid Votes. Winners are always calculated on Valid Votes.

Given:

(A, B and C) complete a work in 16 days

(A and B) complete in 18 days

(B and C) complete in 24 days

Concept: 

Efficiency is work done by someone in a unit of time.

Formula used:

Total work = Time × efficiency

Calculation:

Let total work be LCM of (16, 18, 24) = 144 unit

⇒ Efficiency of (A, B, C) = 144/16 = 9

⇒ Efficiency of (A and B) = 144/18 = 8

⇒ Efficiency of (B and C) = 144/24 = 6

Now, Efficiency of (A) = Efficiency of (A, B, C) - Efficiency of (B, C) = 9 - 6 = 3

Also, Efficiency of (C) = Efficiency of (A, B, C) - Efficiency of (A, B) = 9 - 8 = 1

⇒ Efficiency of (A, C) = 3 + 1 = 4

So, the time taken by A and C to complete the work = 144/4 = 36

∴ The correct answer is 36 days.

Given:

Radius of cylinder (R₁) = 6 cm

Height of cylinder (h₁) = 8 cm

Formula used:

The volume of Cylinder (V_c) = π r²h

The volume of a sphere (V_S) = (4/3) × πr³

Calculation:

V_C = π × 6² × 8 = 288π cm³

According to the question

V_c = V_s 

⇒ 288π  = (4/3)(π r3)

⇒ r³ = 288× 3/4

⇒ r³ = 72× 3

⇒ r³ = 216

⇒ r = 6 cm

∴ The diameter of the sphere = 2r = 12 cm

Shortcut Trick

Using the rule of alligation to find the ratio directly:

Ratio of Boys to Girls = (Overall Average − Girls' Average) : (Boys' Average − Overall Average)

Ratio of Boys to Girls = (13.2 − 12.3) : (14.4 − 13.2)

Ratio of Boys to Girls = 0.9 : 1.2 = 3 : 4

Since the question asks for the ratio of girls to boys, we reverse it to get 4 : 3.

∴ The correct answer is 4 : 3.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average age of boys = 14.4 years

Average age of girls = 12.3 years

Overall average age = 13.2 years

Formula Used:

Total age = Average age × Number of students

13.2 Overall Avg

Boys: 14.4

Girls: 12.3

0.9

1.2

Ratio: 3 Ratio: 4

Girls : Boys = 4 : 3

Calculations:

Let the number of boys be B and the number of girls be G.

⇒ Total age of boys = 14.4B

⇒ Total age of girls = 12.3G

⇒ Total age of all students combined = 13.2(B + G)

⇒ 14.4B + 12.3G = 13.2B + 13.2G

⇒ 14.4B − 13.2B = 13.2G − 12.3G

⇒ 1.2B = 0.9G

⇒ G ÷ B = 1.2 ÷ 0.9

⇒ G ÷ B = 12 ÷ 9

⇒ G ÷ B = 4 ÷ 3

⇒ Girls : Boys = 4 : 3

∴ The correct answer is 4 : 3.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

The average of two or more groups combined together. Formula: A_w = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Rule of Alligation

Used to find the ratio in which two varying components are mixed to form a combined mixture. Formula: Quantity of Cheaper ÷ Quantity of Dearer = (Price of Dearer − Mean Price) ÷ (Mean Price − Price of Cheaper).

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio compares values, indicating the relative sizes of two or more quantities. In a proportion a : b = c : d, the product of extremes equals the product of means (a × d = b × c).

Given:-

30% to his wife

18% of rest, each of two sons

3/4 of left amount

19,600 deposited to bank

Calculations:-

Let Sushant have x amount of money-

∴ According to question-

Wife share = 0.30x

Sons share = 2 × 0.70 × 0.18

= 0.2520

Spend amount = (x - 0.30x - 0.2520x) × 3/4

= 0.448x × 3/4

= 0.336x

∴ x = 0.30x + 0.252x + 0.336x + 19600

x = 0.888x + 19600

x - 0.888x = 19600

⇒ 0.112x = 19600

⇒ x = 175000 

∴ Sushant have Rs. 1,75,000

Alternate MethodLet Sushant have total sum x -

∴ According to question-

⇒ x = 0.30x + 2 × 0.70 × 0.18x + (x - 0.30x - 0.252x) × 3/4 + 19600

⇒ x = 0.30x + 0.252x + 0.336x + 19600

⇒ x = 0.888x + 19600

⇒ 0.112x = 19600

⇒ x = 175000

Shortcut Trick

Fourth proportional (x) = (8 × 15) ÷ 5 = 24.

Third proportional (y) = (30 × 30) ÷ 12 = 75.

Required Ratio = 24 : 75 = 8 : 25.

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 25.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers for Fourth Proportional: 5, 8, 15

Numbers for Third Proportional: 12, 30

Formula Used:

If a, b, c, d are in proportion, then a/b = c/d (where d is the fourth proportional).

If a, b, c are in continued proportion, then a/b = b/c (where c is the third proportional).

Calculations:

Let the fourth proportional be P₄.

⇒ 5 ÷ 8 = 15 ÷ P₄

⇒ 5 × P₄ = 15 × 8

⇒ P₄ = 120 ÷ 5 = 24

Let the third proportional be P₃.

⇒ 12 ÷ 30 = 30 ÷ P₃

⇒ 12 × P₃ = 30 × 30

⇒ P₃ = 900 ÷ 12 = 75

Required Ratio:

⇒ P₄ : P₃ = 24 : 75

⇒ P₄ : P₃ = (24 ÷ 3) : (75 ÷ 3)

⇒ P₄ : P₃ = 8 : 25

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 25.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Continued Proportion

Three quantities a, b, c are in continued proportion if a : b = b : c.

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of (a : b) and (c : d) is (a × c) : (b × d).

Given:

The number of trees in each row is the same.

There are 105 or 210 or 315 or 525 rows.

Calculation:

The number of trees in each row for 105 or 210 or 315 or 525 rows = LCM of (105 or 210 or 315 or 525)

⇒ The prime factorization of ( 105 or 210 or 315 or 525)

⇒ 105 = 3 × 5 × 7

⇒ 210 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7

⇒ 315 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 7

⇒ 525 = 3× 5× 5 × 7

LCM of (105 or 210 or 315 or 525) = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7

∴ The least number of trees that were planted is 3150

Given:

Gagan borrowed a sum of Rs. 2,500 at 8% per annum compound interest.

Gagan paid Rs. 1,000 at the end of the first year.

Gagan paid Rs. 500 at the end of the second year.

Formula used:

The formula for compound interest is

A = P(1 + $r\over100$)ⁿ 

Calculation:

Compound interest amount of the first year

⇒ 2,500(1 + $8\over100$)¹ = 2,500 × $108\over100$

⇒ Rs. 2,700

He paid Rs. 1,000

⇒ 2,700 - 1,000 = Rs. 1,700

Compound interest amount of the Second year

⇒ 1,700(1 + $8\over100$)¹ = 1,700 × $108\over100$ = Rs. 1,836

In the second year he paid Rs. 500

⇒ 1,836 - 5,00 = Rs. 1,336

Compound interest amount of the last Second year

⇒ 1,336(1 + $8\over100$)² = 1,336 × $108\over100$ × $108\over100$

⇒ $15583104\over10000$ = Rs. 1,558.3104

∴ Gagan will have to pay is Rs.1558.

Given :

In each case remainder = 4

The number is divided by 6, 9, 15, 18 and 21

Concept Used :

If a number divided by some numbers and leave the same remainder then such least number = LCM of the numbers + remainder

Calculation :

LCM of 6, 9, 15, 18 and 21 is 630

The the required number = 630 + 4 = 634

∴ The required least number is 634

Given:-

⇒ 9% loss, when CP be x and SP be y

⇒ 5% Gain, when CP be x and SP be (y + 140)

Formula used:-

%Loss = $\large{\frac{CP-SP}{CP}×100}$

%Profit = $\large{\frac{SP-CP}{CP}×100}$

Calculation:-

Case(i)-

⇒ 9 = [(x - y)/x] ×100

⇒ 0.09 = (x - y)/x

⇒ 0.09x = x - y

⇒ 0.91x = y      .....(1)

Case(ii)-

⇒ 5 = [(y + 140 - x)/x] ×100

⇒ 0.05 = (y + 140 - x)/x

⇒ 0.05x = y +140 - x 

⇒ 1.05x = y + 140 .......(2)

from eq 1 and 2 ....

⇒ 1.05x = 0.91x + 140

⇒ 0.14x = 140

⇒ x = 140/0.14

⇒ x = 1000 

∴ The cost price is Rs 1000

The correct answer is 'Beside doing the laundry', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points   

• The error lies incorrect usage of the preposition 'beside'.
• Beside, without the s, tells us the location of something. Besides, on the other hand, means “in addition,” “in addition to,” “moreover,” or “as well,” depending on context.
• Example: 
• Kaia and Rhea sit beside each other in the orchestra’s first violin section.
• I dislike fishing; besides, I don’t even own a boat.
• ​Thus, 'besides' will be used in place of 'beside'.

Correct sentence: Besides doing the laundry, Rakesh helped her in cooking also when she was ill.

Additional Information  

  

• Preposition: a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.

The correct answer is 'Conclude'.

Key Points 

  

• Let's take a look at the given word and the marked option:
• Commence: to begin something.(कुछ शुरू करने के लिए.)
• Example*:* We will commence building work in August of next year.
• Conclude: to cause something to end, or to end.(किसी चीज़ को समाप्त करने या समाप्त करने का कारण बनना)
• Example: She concluded her remarks by thanking her supporters.
• Thus from above, we can say that the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information    

• Arise: come into being; originate.(उठना)
• Begin: come into being or have its starting point at a certain time or place.(शुरू)
• Launch: start or set in motion (an activity or enterprise).(शुरू करना)

The correct answer is 'Inconsiderate'.

Key Points

• Let's take a look at the given word and the marked option:
• Generous: (of a person) showing a readiness to give more of something, such as money or time, than is strictly necessary or expected.
• Example*:* She's been very generous with her time.
• Inconsiderate: not thinking or worrying about other people or their feelings.
• Example: Our neighbours are very inconsiderate - they're always playing loud music late at night.
• Thus from above, we can say that the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information 

• Helpful: giving or ready to give help.
• Charitable: relating to the assistance of those in need.
• Kind-hearted: having a kind and sympathetic nature.

The correct answer is 'nurture'.

Key Points  

• Let's take a look at the word 'tree', the sentence is talking about planting and caring for trees.
• Now, let's take a look at the meaning of the given options:
• assemble: to come or bring together; collect or congregate.
• Example: There wasn't even a convenient place for students to assemble between classes.
• utilise: make practical and effective use of.
• Example: Guests can utilise the host of complimentary land and water sports facilities.
• nurture: care for and encourage the growth or development of.
• Example: The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants.
• abolish: formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
• Example: The following year Parliament voted to abolish the death penalty for murder.
• In the blank, we need a word which can represent the word 'care' thus, 'nurture' is the right fit for the blank.
• Thus, from above, it is clear that the correct answer is option 13.

Correct sentence: We must plant and nurture at least one tree every year.

The correct answer is 'the child was happy', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

<br>

Key Points 

• The error lies incorrect usage of past tense in a conditional sentence.
• The given sentence is an example of a second conditional sentence.
• Second conditional sentence: It talks about the unreal possibility of something happening in the future. It means that we are thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen.
• Structure:
• If+ past simple, would + base verb.
• Example: 
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a scooter.
• ​Thus, 'would be' will be used in place of 'was'.

Correct sentence:  If he were to climb the tree and bring the kitty down, the child would be happy.

Additional Information   

• Conditional sentence: The word "condition" means "situation or circumstance". If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens.
• Types of the conditional sentences: