SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 25 Jan 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Number³ : (Number + 2)

• 512 ∶ 10 → 8³ : (8 + 2)
• 1331 ∶ 13 → 113 : (11 + 2)

Similarly,

• ? : 11 → 93 : (9 + 2)
• → ? = 729

Hence, '729' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, '24' is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is: 

Conclusions:

I. Some shirts are ties. → Follows (As, All ties are shirts)

II. Some shirts are pants. → Follows (As, All pants are shirts)

III. Some ties are shirts. → Follows (As, All ties are shirts)

Hence, 'All conclusions follow' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Second word is a part of the first word.

Car : Seat belt → Car has seat belt.

Similarly,

Fan : ? → Fan has blades.

Hence, 'Blade' is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN is shown below:

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, '545' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'GCPI' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

  

​

   

 

Similarly,

   

Hence, 'AHCYTIR' is the correct answer.

The option that represents the correct order of the given words as they would appear in an English dictionary is:

6. RAPTURE 
7. RASH
8. RATABLE
9. RATIONAL
10. RAVISH
11. RAY

Hence, '6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1' is the correct answer.

1. ÷, ×, =, +, −

720 ÷ 24 × 4 = 100 + 40 - 20

⇒ 30 × 4 = 140 - 20

⇒ 120 = 120

2. −, +, ÷, ×, =

720 - 24 + 4 ÷ 100 × 40 = 20

⇒ 720 - 24 + 0.04 × 40 = 20

⇒ 720 - 24 + 0.04 × 40 = 20

⇒ 720 - 24 + 1.6 = 20

⇒ 721.6 - 24 = 20

⇒ 697.6 ≠ 20

3. +, =, ×, ÷, −

720 + 24 = 4 × 100 ÷ 40 - 20 

⇒ 744 = 4 × 2.5 - 20 

⇒ 744 = 10 - 20 

⇒ 744 ≠ -10 

4. ×, ÷, +, =, − 

720 × 24 ÷ 4 + 100 = 40 - 20

⇒ 720 × 6 + 100 = 20

⇒ 4320 + 100 = 20

⇒ 4420 ≠ 20

Hence, '÷, ×, =, +, −' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 'RJTG' is the correct answer.

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

Seven friends M, N, O, P, Q, R and S are sitting on a straight bench facing towards east.

1. P is sitting exactly at the middle position. 2. Only four friends are sitting to the left of M.

2. Only Q is sitting between R and S.

3. O is sitting third to the right of S.

The above condition can be satisfied only when R is sitting at the extreme end and S is sitting between Q and P.

Clearly, N the only person left will occupy the vacant position.

Therefore, O is sitting at the second place from the right end.

Hence, 'O' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

​

Hence, 'PMHNCD' is the correct answer.

Six students are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1. Komal is sitting second to the right of Shahid.

2. Jitender is an immediate neighbour of both Shahid and Jaya. 3. Vijay is an immediate neighbour of both Komal and Jaya.

3. Tarun is sitting third to the left of Jaya.

Clearly, Shahid is the immediate neighbour of Jitender and Tarun.

Hence, 'Shahid' is the correct answer.

A $ B % C # D @ E → E is brother of D, D is sister of C, C is daughter of B, B is husband of A.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

 

Clearly, E is son of A.

Hence, ‘Son’ is the correct answer.

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 'NNXE' is the correct answer.

1. × and +

18 × 60 ÷ 15 + 24 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 18 × 4 + 24 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 72 + 24 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 96 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 84 = 84 

2. + and -

18 - 60 ÷ 15 × 24 + 12 = 84 

⇒ 18 - 4 × 24 + 12 = 84 

⇒ 18 - 96 + 12 = 84 

⇒ 30 - 96 = 84 

⇒ -66 ≠ 84

3. ÷ and -

18 + 60 - 15 × 24 ÷ 12 = 84 

⇒ 18 + 60 - 15 × 2 = 84 

⇒ 18 + 60 - 30 = 84 

⇒ 78 - 30 = 84 

⇒ 48 ≠ 84

4. × and ÷

18 + 60 × 15 ÷ 24 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 18 + 60 × 0.625 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 18 + 37.5 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 55.5 - 12 = 84 

⇒ 43.5 ≠ 84 

Hence, ‘× and +’ is the correct answer.

The figure from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is:

The straight lines are changing their position by moving in clockwise direction.

The dots are changing their position by moving in anti-clockwise direction.

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Tripura.

Key Points

• Kharchi Puja:-
• This festival primarily originates from the State of Tripura.
• Earlier it was festival of the royal family of Tripura, currently, even the common households celebrate this festival.
• It is celebrated over a period of 10 days and takes place in the month of July each year.
• The festival is celebrated in the honor  of mother earth or mother goddess.
• Each year thousands of people make the trek to this temple in Agartala so that they can pay obeisance to the deities.
• The temple committee also organizes cultural programs and fairs for the enjoyment of the masses.

Additional Information

• Famous festivals of Bihar:
• Chhath Puja
• Bihula
• Famous festivals of Rajasthan:
• Gangaur
• Teej
• Bundi Utsav
• Desert Festival
• Famous festivals of Tamil Nadu:
• Pongal
• Thaipoosam
• Jallikattu
• Natyanjali Festival

The correct answer is April 1, 1935.

Key Points

• Reserve Bank of India:-  
• RBI is India’s apex central banking institution.
• It was established on April 1, 1935.
• It was formed through Legal framework of Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• It was formed on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission.
• Initial Paid-up capital was 5 crores.
• Initially, it was owned entirely by private shareholders. Following India's independence on 15 August 1947, the RBI was nationalized on 1 January 1949.
• The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Calcutta but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937.
• Ownership: Government of India (100%)
• Headquarter: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• The current Governor (as per October 2023) is Shaktikanta Das

The correct answer is Gopal Prasad Dubey.

Key Points

• Gopal Prasad Dubey:-
• He is an Indian classical dancer, known for his expertise in the Indian classical dance form of Chhau.
• He is considered by many as the leading exponent of the Seraikella variant of the art form.
• Dubey has performed and taught Chhau dance all over the world, and has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the art form.
• In 2012, he was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India.
• He was also awarded Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in the year 2016 for the contribution to Chhau.

Additional Information

• Vidushi K.S. Jayalakshmi:-
• She is a Sanskrit scholar, journalist, and editor.
• She is the current editor of Sudharma, the world's only Sanskrit daily newspaper, which is published in Mysore, India.
• Sheik Mahaboob Subhani:-
• He was a Carnatic musician who was born in Andhra Pradesh in 1932.
• He was a master of the nagaswaram, a double-reeded wind instrument.
• He began his performing career at the age of seven, but due to family circumstances he had to work as a clerk in a tobacco company.
• Suchitra Ella:-
• She is the co-founder and Joint Managing Director of Bharat Biotech, a biotechnology company based in Hyderabad, India.
• She is a leading figure in the Indian biotechnology industry and has played a key role in the development of several important vaccines, including the Covaxin vaccine against COVID-19.

The correct answer is roads.

Key Points

• Roads:-
• These are thoroughfares for the conveyance of traffic that mostly have an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians.
• It is an example of public goods and services.
• Roads can be classified into a variety of types, including:
• Highways: These are high-speed roads with multiple lanes and limited access. They are typically used for long-distance travel.
• Arterial roads: These are major roads that connect cities and towns. They typically have multiple lanes and traffic signals.
• Collector roads: These roads connect arterial roads to local roads. They typically have fewer lanes and lower speed limits.
• Local roads: These roads provide access to individual homes and businesses. They typically have one lane in each direction and low speed limits.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Six States have a Legislative Council. They are :
• Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka.
• Just as Parliament has two Houses, the states can also have a Legislative Council in addition to the Legislative Assembly through Article 169 of the Constitution.
• While the Legislative Council is a permanent House like the Rajya Sabha,  it cannot be dissolved.
• Bicameral literally means 'two-Chamber'. A bicameral parliament is one that contains two separate assemblies that must both agree when new laws are made.

Additional Information

• The members of the Legislative Council are either nominated by the Governor of the state or are indirectly elected.
• The Legislative Council elects its Chairman, who plays the role of presiding officer and Deputy Chairman from amongst its members.
• One-third of the members of this House are elected by the Legislative Assembly.
• One-third are elected by local bodies like a municipality or other local authorities.
• One-twelfth of the members are elected by graduates.

The correct answer is Non-cooperation movement.

Key Points

• Non-cooperation movement:
• It was a civil disobedience movement launched in British India in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi.
• The movement was based on the principle of non-violent resistance and was aimed at pressurizing the British government to grant India independence.
• The movement involved a boycott of British goods, institutions, and services, as well as the resignation of Indians from government jobs and titles.
• The Chauri Chaura incident happened during the Non-cooperation movement.
• Chauri Chaura incident:-
• The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 4, 1922, in the town of Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh) in British India.
• It was a violent incident between Indian protesters and British police that took place during the Non-cooperation movement.

Additional Information

• Quit India Movement:
• It was a civil disobedience movement launched in 1942 by the Indian National Congress.
• The movement demanded the immediate withdrawal of the British from India.
• The British government responded by cracking down on the movement and arresting thousands of leaders and activists.
• Champaran Movement:
• It was a civil disobedience movement launched in 1917 by Mahatma Gandhi to support the indigo farmers of Champaran district in Bihar.
• The farmers were being forced to grow indigo at low prices and were subjected to various abuses by the indigo planters.
• Gandhi's intervention led to the establishment of a commission of inquiry, which recommended several reforms for the benefit of the farmers.
• Civil Disobedience Movement:
• It was a civil disobedience movement launched in 1930 by Mahatma Gandhi.
• The movement was aimed at challenging the British Salt Act, which imposed a tax on salt. Gandhi led a march to the sea, where he made salt illegally, in defiance of the law.
• The movement spread across India and involved millions of people.

The correct answer is rupees two crore.

Key Points

• Consumer Protection Rules, 2021:-
• The Consumer Protection Rules, 2021 were notified by the Central Government on July 22, 2021.
• They were framed under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which replaced the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
• As per Consumer Protection Rules, 2021, National Commission shall have jurisdiction to entertain complaints where value of the goods or services paid as consideration exceeds two crore rupees.
• The previous pecuniary jurisdiction of the National Commission was one crore rupees, but it was increased to two crore rupees by the Consumer Protection Rules, 2021.
• This means that consumers can now file complaints with the National Commission for grievances involving goods or services worth more than two crore rupees.

Additional Information

• National Commission:-
• It is the highest consumer forum in India, and it has the power to award compensation, order replacement of goods, and refund of money to consumers.
• It can also issue directions to businesses to stop unfair practices.

The correct answer is food deterioration

Key Points

Food deterioration:-

• It is a natural process that occurs over time in all foods.
• It is caused by a variety of factors, including:
• Microorganisms: Bacteria, yeasts, and molds can grow on food and cause it to spoil.
• Enzymes: Enzymes are naturally occurring proteins that speed up chemical reactions. In food, enzymes can cause food to break down and spoil.
• Oxygen: Oxygen can cause food to oxidize and become rancid.
• Light: Light can cause food to discolor and lose nutrients.
• Temperature: Temperature can affect the rate of food deterioration. Food spoils more quickly at warm temperatures.
• Food deterioration can cause a variety of problems, including:
• Spoilage: Spoiled food is unsafe to eat and can cause food poisoning.
• Off-flavors: Food that is starting to deteriorate may develop off-flavors, such as sourness, bitterness, or staleness.
• Deterioration of textures: Food that is deteriorating may become slimy, mushy, or tough.
• Discoloration: Food that is deteriorating may change color, such as browning or fading.
• Loss of nutritional value: Food that is deteriorating may lose some of its nutrients.

Additional Information 

• Food processing:-
• It can be any method used to turn raw food into food products.
• It can involve one or a combination of the following: washing, chopping, pasteurizing, freezing, fermenting, packaging, and more.
• Food preservation:-
• It is the process of treating and handling food to prevent or slow down its spoilage.
• Food conservation:-
• It is the practice of keeping food fresh and edible for as long as possible.

The correct answer is Rajasthan. 

Key Points

• Rajasthan:-
• It is a state in northwestern India.
• It is the largest state of India.
• It covers an area of 342,239 sq. km and has a population of 6.85 crores as per the 2011 census.
• It accounts for 10.41% of the total country's area.
• Rajasthan is known for its rich history and culture, its vibrant festivals, and its stunning scenery.
• The state is home to a number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Amber Fort, the Jaisalmer Fort, and the Hawa Mahal.

Additional Information

• Largest states of India (area wise-(Km2))-

1. Rajasthan- 342239
2. Madhya Pradesh- 308252
3. Maharashtra- 307713
4. Andhra Pradesh- 275045
5. Uttar Pradesh- 240928
6. Jammu and Kashmir- 222236
7. Gujarat- 196244
8. Karnataka- 191791
9. Orissa- 155707
10. Chhattisgarh- 135192

The correct answer is Multiple crop farming.

Key Points

• In multiple-cropping, farmers grow two or more crops on farmland in one calendar year. 
• Multiple-cropping is common in tropical regions having more rainfall, higher temperatures, and a longer growing season.
• Inter-cropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously in a definite cropping pattern.
• Relay-cropping involves growing of two or more crops on the same field with the planting of the second crop after the first one has reached its reproductive stage.
• Mixed-cropping involves growing more than one crop simultaneously without any distinct row arrangement.
• Crop diversity is the variance in genetic and phenotypic characteristics of plants used in agriculture.

The correct answer is Light.

Key Points

• Light Weight:- 
• The light weight class in boxing is for boxers who weigh between 130 and 135 pounds (59 and 61.2 kg).
• It is the tenth weight class out of seventeen in professional boxing.
• Some of the most famous lightweight boxers include:
• Roberto Durán
• Oscar De La Hoya
• Manny Pacquiao
• Floyd Mayweather Jr.
• Vasiliy Lomachenko
• Devin Haney
• Lightweight boxers are known for their speed, agility, and hand speed.
• They are often able to generate a lot of power for their size, and they are also very good at moving around the ring.

Additional Information

• Here is a table of all the boxing weight classes, from lightest to heaviest:

The correct answer is Burst of the monsoon.

Key Points

• Burst of the monsoon:-
• The burst of the monsoon is the sudden onset of the monsoon rains, which typically occurs in June in India.
• It is characterized by a sudden increase in rainfall and humidity, along with thunderstorms and lightning.
• The burst of the monsoon is a welcome relief from the hot and dry pre-monsoon weather, but it can also bring with it severe weather conditions, such as flooding and landslides.
• The burst of the monsoon is caused by a number of factors, including:
• The northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a belt of low pressure and high rainfall that encircles the equator.
• The onset of the southwesterly monsoon winds, which bring moisture from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal to India.
• The heating of the land surface, which creates instability in the atmosphere.

Additional Information

• Cloudburst Monsoon:-
• A cloudburst monsoon is a sudden and intense rainfall event that occurs during the monsoon season.
• Cloudbursts can dump large amounts of rain in a short period of time, often over a small area.
• This can lead to flash floods, landslides, and other damage.
• Onset of the monsoon
• The onset of the monsoon is the time when the monsoon winds reach a certain region and begin to bring significant rainfall.
• The monsoon is a seasonal reversal of winds that brings rain to many parts of the world, including India.

The correct answer is 7.

Key Points

• Kabaddi:-
• Kabaddi is a contact sport in which two teams are required to participate in a match.
• As it was first conceptualized in South India, the game has its roots in ancient Indian history.
• It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
• Within the Indian format, there are 4 main styles of Kabaddi i.e Sanjeevani, Gaminee, Amar, and Punjabi.
• Each team has a total of 7 players.
• The International Kabaddi Federation was founded in 2004.
• The Kabaddi Federation of India (KFI) serves as the governing authority in India.

The correct answer is Kushanas.

Key Points

• Kushanas:
• The Kushanas were a Central Asian dynasty that ruled over a vast empire covering parts of present-day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia.
• The Kushanas played a significant role in fostering cultural and commercial exchanges between Central Asia and India.
• They controlled the Silk Route during post Mauryan period.
• The reign of Kanishka I, one of the prominent Kushan rulers, is particularly known for its patronage of art, architecture, and the spread of Buddhism.

 Additional Information

• Shungas:
• The Sunga dynasty was an Indian dynasty that succeeded the Maurya Empire in the 2^nd century BCE.
• The Sungas ruled over the Magadha region in present-day Bihar and parts of central India.
• The reign of Pushyamitra Shunga, the founder of the dynasty, is known for its efforts to revive Brahmanical traditions and patronage of Hindu religious institutions.
• Chera empire :
• The Cheras ruled over parts of modern Kerala.
• Their capital was Vanji and their important seaports were Tondi and Musiri.
• They had the palmyra flowers as their garland.
• The Pugalur inscription of the first century A.D refers to three generations of Chera rulers.
• Padirruppattu also provides information on Chera kings.
• Satavahanas:-
• Satavahanas ruled over parts of western and central India.
• The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka.
• Their rule lasted for about 450 years.
• They were also known as the Andhras.
• Gautamiputra Satakarni was the greatest ruler of the Satavahana dynasty.
• The administration in the rural areas during the reign of Satavahans was placed in the hands of Gaulmikas.

The correct answer is Alaka Mohanty.

Key Points

• Alaka Mohanty:-
• She is an Indian politician from the state of Odisha.
• She is a member of the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) and is currently the Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency wining the by-poll election in 2022.
• Mohanty is a social worker and has been involved in various social activities in Brajarajnagar.
• She is also a member of the BJD State Women's Wing.

Additional Information

• Sudip Roy Barman:-
• He is an Indian politician from the state of Tripura.
• He is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) and is currently the Member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Agartala constituency.
• Piyush Goyal:-
• He is an Indian politician and chartered accountant serving as a cabinet minister in the Government of India.
• He is currently the Minister of Textiles, Minister of Commerce and Industry and Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
• He is also the Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is Manipuri

Key Points

• Sangeet Natak Akademi:-
• It is the national academy of music, dance, and drama in India.
• It was established in 1953 by the Government of India to promote and preserve the performing arts of India.
• The Akademi is headquartered in New Delhi, India, and has branches in all major cities of India.
• As of March 2022, the Sangeet Natak Akademi has recognized eight Indian dances as classical dance forms:
• Bharatanatyam
• Kathak
• Kuchipudi
• Odissi
• Kathakali
• Sattriya
• Manipuri
• Mohiniyattam

Additional Information

• 8 Classical Dances of India and States:

The correct answer is honey.

Key Points

• Honey:-
• It is a sweet, golden liquid produced by bees from the nectar of flowers.
• It is a natural sweetener that has been used by humans for centuries.
• Honey is also a good source of antioxidants and other nutrients.
• Honey does not come from sugarcane.
• Honey is produced by bees from the nectar of flowers.

Additional Information

• Sugar:-
• It is a refined product made from sugarcane juice.
• The juice is boiled and crystallized, and the molasses is removed.
• Sugar is the most processed of the three products, and it is also the sweetest.
• Khandsari:-
• It is a type of unrefined sugar that is made by boiling sugarcane juice until it thickens and forms crystals.
• The molasses is not removed, so khandsari has a darker color and a more robust flavor than sugar.
• Molasses:-
• It is a thick, dark syrup that is produced as a byproduct of sugar refining.
• It contains the minerals and vitamins that are removed from sugar during processing.
• Molasses has a rich, sweet flavor and is often used in baking and cooking.

The correct answer is Part IX

Key Points

• Part IX:-
• Part IX provides for a 3 tier Panchayat system, which would be constituted in every state at the village level, intermediate level, and district level.
• The 73^rd Amendment 1992 added a new Part IX to the constitution titled “The Panchayats”.
• This provision brought uniformity in the Panchayati Raj structure in India.

Additional Information

• There were 22 parts 395 articles and 8 schedules at the time of the formation of the Indian constitution.
• As of November 2022, it consists of 448 Articles divided into 25 parts, 12 schedules.
• The parts of the Indian Constitution are as follows:

1. Part I – The Union and its Territories
2. Part II – Citizenship
3. Part III – Fundamental Rights
4. Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy
5. Part IV A – Fundamental Duties
6. Part V – The Union
7. Part VI – The States

• (Part VII – deleted)- The States in Part B of the First Schedule

8. Part VIII – The Union Territories
9. Part IX – The Panchayats
10. Part IXA – The Municipalities
11. Part IXB – The Co-operative Societies
12. Part X – The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
13. Part XI – Relation between the Union and the States
14. Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits
15. Part XIII – Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within the territory of India
16. Part XIV – Services Under the Union and the States
17. Part XIVA – Tribunals
18. Part XV – Elections
19. Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes
20. Part XVII – Official language
21. Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions
22. Part XIX – Miscellaneous
23. Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution
24. Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional, and Special Provisions
25. Part XXII – Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

The correct answer is Ruchira Kamboj.

Key Points

• Ruchira Kamboj:-
• Ruchira Kamboj is an Indian diplomat and ambassador. She is a member of the 1987 batch of the Indian Foreign Service (IFS).
• She is currently serving as India's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and was appointed in June 2022.
• In this role, she represents India's interests and articulates India's position on various UN policies and decisions.
• Ruchira Kamboj has received various awards and honors for her work. These include:
• Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of the Government of India (2023)
• Rashtrapati Padak, the highest civilian award of the Government of India (2015)
• Distinguished Service Award of the Indian Foreign Service (2012).

Additional Information

• Asoke Kumar Mukerji:-
• He is a former Indian diplomat and writer, who teaches diplomacy at the Diplo Foundation.
• He was Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations from April 2013 to December 2015.
• Syed Akbaruddin:-
• He is a retired Indian diplomat from the 1985 batch of the Indian Foreign Service.
• He served as India's Permanent Representative to the United Nations at New York from January 2016 to April 2020.
• Nirupam Sen:-
• He was a Bengali Marxist political leader and former Commerce and Industries minister of the Government of West Bengal during 2001 to 2011.
• He was a senior leader of Communist Party of India (Marxist).
• He was a member of the politburo of the party between 2008 and 2015. He was elected to the Member of Legislative Assembly thrice in 1987, 2001 and 2006.

The correct answer is Moseley.

Key Points

• The Modern periodic law & table was invented by Henry Moseley in 1913.
• The first who was able to arrange all the known elements was Mendeleev, he gave the law called the Mendeleev's periodic law.
• Dobereiner grouped the elements into triads.
• Newlands gave the law of octaves.
• Modern Periodic Table: 
• The defects of the periodic table of  Mendeleev were sorting out by Henry Moseley who invented the modern periodic law in 1913.
• The law of modern table states that - '' according to the increasing order of their atomic numbers if the elements are arranged, then the element's physical & chemical properties are repeated after regular intervals.
• Salient Features of the Modern Periodic Table: 
• The element's properties are the functions that are periodical according to their atomic numbers.
• On the basis of the Modern table, Scientist Bohr invented a long form of the periodic table that was created by Warner& Rang.
• The periodic table consists of 18 groups & 7 periods.
• Division structure of elements with respective periods: 
• According to the increasing order of their atomic numbers if the elements are arranged, then the element's physical & chemical properties are repeated after 2, 8, 18, and 32 intervals.
• There are 2 elements in the first period, 8 elements in second and third periods each respectively, 18 elements fourth and fifth periods each respectively, 32 elements in the sixth period, and 19 elements in the seventh period till now.
• Division structure of elements with respective periods( in Table format): 

Given:

The first half of the distance was covered at a speed of 4 km/h.

The second half of the distance was covered at a speed of 6 km/h.

Concept:

Average speed = ${2 \times S1 \times S2}\over {S1 + S2}$

Solution:

For equal distances, the average speed is 2ab/(a + b).

Average speed = 2 × 4 × 6/(4 + 6) = 4.8 km/h.

Hence, the average speed of the man is 4.8 km/h.

Given:

Present Value = Rs. 11,979

Interest rate = 10% per annum

Time = 3 years

Concept:

Compound Interest formula, 

Amount. =  P(1 + r/100)n 

Solution:

Let the borrowed money (Principal) be P.

We have the formula for compound interest, P(1 + r/100)ⁿ = Amount.

Here, P(1 + 10/100)³ = 11,979

Solving for P, we get P = 11,979/(1.1)³ = Rs. 9,000.

Hence, Rahul borrowed Rs. 9,000.

Given:

A finishes the work in 27 days.

B finishes the work in 36 days.

C finishes the work in 45 days.

Concept: If individuals work together, their combined rate of work is the sum of their individual rates.

Solution:

The rate of work for A is 1/27, for B is 1/36, and for C is 1/45.

Combined, they do (1/27 + 1/36 + 1/45) work per day.

Therefore, the total time taken to complete the work is 1/(1/27 + 1/36 + 1/45) = $11\frac{23}{47}$.

Hence, they would take approximately $11\frac{23}{47}$ days to complete the task if they work together.

Shortcut Trick

Initial Ratio (Kerosene : Petrol) = 3 : 2 → (Sum = 5 units = 65 L → 1 unit = 13 L)

Initial quantities: Kerosene = 39 L, Petrol = 26 L

New Ratio = 4 : 5 (Only Petrol is added, so Kerosene remains 39 L)

4 units (new ratio) = 39 L ⇒ 1 unit = 9.75 L

New Petrol = 5 units × 9.75 = 48.75 L

Petrol added = 48.75 − 26 = 22.75 L

∴ The correct answer is 22.75 litres.

Alternate Method

Given: Total mixture = 65 litres, Initial ratio = 3 : 2, Final ratio = 4 : 5.

Step 1: Calculate initial quantities

⇒ Kerosene = (3 / (3 + 2)) × 65 = (3/5) × 65 = 39 litres

⇒ Petrol = (2 / (3 + 2)) × 65 = (2/5) × 65 = 26 litres

Step 2: Calculate quantity of petrol to be added

⇒ Let the quantity of petrol added be 'x' litres.

⇒ New Kerosene : New Petrol = 4 : 5

⇒ 39 / (26 + x) = 4 / 5

⇒ 39 × 5 = 4 × (26 + x)

⇒ 195 = 104 + 4x

⇒ 4x = 195 − 104 = 91

⇒ x = 91 / 4 = 22.75 litres

∴ The correct answer is 22.75 litres.

Additional Information

Ratio Balancing Method

When one component remains constant, multiply the ratios so that the parts of the constant component are equal (LCM of 3 and 4 is 12).

Mixture Rule

Quantity of Petrol added = Total Initial Volume × (Difference in Ratio / Sum of Initial Ratio) only works when the constant component's parts are adjusted.

Percentage Approach

Initial Kerosene % = 60%. Final Kerosene % = 44.44%. Total mass × 60% = New mass × 44.44%.

Given:

Marked Price = ₹1,20,000

Discount = 12%

Concept:

Selling Price = Marked Price - Discount.

Solution:

Discount Amount = (12/100) × ₹1,20,000 = ₹14,400.

Selling Price = Marked Price - Discount Amount = ₹1,20,000 - ₹14,400 = ₹1,05,600.

Hence, the selling price of the air-conditioner is ₹1,05,600.

Given:

Selling Price after two successive discounts = ₹1,458

Rate of each discount = 10%

Concept:

Successive discounts can be calculated as a product of the individual discount rates.

Solution:

Let the marked price be 'P'.

After the first discount, price becomes P × (1 - 0.10) = 0.90P.

After the second discount, price becomes 0.90P × (1 - 0.10) = 0.81P.

We know that 0.81P = ₹1,458.

Solving for P, we get P = ₹1,458 / 0.81 = ₹1,800.

Hence, the marked price of the table was ₹1,800.

Given:

Initial Principal = ₹10,000

Amount after 2 years = ₹12,100

Concept:

Compound Interest rate can be calculated using (A/P)(1/n) - 1,

where A is the amount, P is the principal, and n is the time period.

Solution:

Rate = ((₹12,100/₹10,000)^(1/2) - 1) × 100 = 10% per annum.

Therefore, after 4 years, the amount will be ₹10,000 × (1 + 10/100)⁴ = ₹14,641.

Hence, the amount after 4 years will be ₹14,641.

Given: 

A number is increased by 8% and then the increased number is decreased by 8%.

Concept:

Successive percentage changes.

Solution:

Let the initial number be 'a'.

After the increase, the number is a × (1 + 8/100) = 1.08a.

After the decrease, the number is 1.08a × (1 - 8/100) = 0.9936a.

This represents a net decrease of 0.64%.

Hence, there is a net decrease of 0.64% in the number.

Shortcut Trick

To maximize profit, buy at the minimum cost and sell at the maximum price.

Min CP = ₹200 | Max SP = ₹450

Max Profit per book = 450 − 200 = ₹250

Total Max Profit (8 books) = 8 × 250 = ₹2000

∴ The correct answer is ₹2000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) range = ₹200 to ₹350

Selling Price (SP) range = ₹300 to ₹450

Number of books = 8

⇒ Highest Profit per book = Maximum SP − Minimum CP

⇒ Highest Profit per book = ₹450 − ₹200 = ₹250

⇒ Total Highest Profit for 8 books = Number of books × Profit per book

⇒ Total Highest Profit = 8 × 250

⇒ Total Highest Profit = ₹2000

∴ The correct answer is ₹2000.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Extremes

To find the maximum profit, maximize SP and minimize CP. To find the maximum loss, minimize SP and maximize CP.

Profit Percentage

Profit % = (Total Profit ÷ Total CP) × 100. Note that profit is always calculated on the Cost Price unless stated otherwise.

Unitary Method in Profit

Total Profit = (SP per unit − CP per unit) × Total Quantity.

Shortcut Trick

Let the numbers be their smallest positive multiples: a = 18 and b = 12.

(a² − b²) = 18² − 12² = 324 − 144 = 180.

Checking the given options, 180 is divisible by both 30 and 36.

Now, test for another multiple: let a = 18 and b = 24.

(a² − b²) = 18² − 24² = 324 − 576 = −252, which is divisible by 36 but not 30.

∴ The correct answer is 36.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number a is divisible by 18, and number b is divisible by 12.

Calculations:

⇒ Let a = 18x (where x is an integer)

⇒ Let b = 12y (where y is an integer)

⇒ a² = (18x)²

⇒ a² = 324x²

⇒ b² = (12y)²

⇒ b² = 144y²

⇒ a² − b² = 324x² − 144y²

⇒ Taking the highest common factor from both numerical coefficients:

⇒ 324 = 36 × 9

⇒ 144 = 36 × 4

⇒ a² − b² = 36(9x² − 4y²)

⇒ Since x and y are integers, the term (9x² − 4y²) will also evaluate to an integer.

⇒ Hence, the entire expression is a direct multiple of 36 and will always be divisible by 36.

∴ The correct answer is 36.

Additional Information

Divisibility of an Expression

If an algebraic expression can be rewritten as a multiple of an integer k, i.e., N = k × m (where m is an integer), then N is always completely divisible by k and all the factors of k.

Difference of Squares

The identity a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b) is highly useful for finding common factors of quadratic differences without manually calculating the large squares directly.

Properties of Common Divisors

The highest constant value that divides an algebraic expression axⁿ − byⁿ for all integer values of variables x and y is simply the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of the coefficients a and b.

Given:

Radius of the cylinder (r) = 91 m

Height of the cylinder (h) = 2.5 m

Concept:

Curved Surface Area = 2πrh,

Total Surface Area = 2πr(h + r).

Solution:

Curved Surface Area = 2πrh = 2 × (22/7) × 91 × 2.5 = 1430 m².

Total Surface Area = 2πr(h + r) = 2 × (22/7) × 91 × (2.5 + 91) = 53482 m².

Hence, the curved surface area is 1430 m² and the total surface area is 53482 m².

Shortcut Trick

The ratio of Total Surface Area (TSA) to Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a cylinder is given by the formula (h + r) : h.

Given: Radius (r) = 20 cm and Height (h) = 50 cm.

Ratio = (50 + 20) : 50

Ratio = 70 : 50 = 7 : 5.

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 5.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius (r) = 20 cm

Height (h) = 50 cm

Formula Used:

⇒ Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2πrh

⇒ Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2πr(h + r)

Calculations:

⇒ Ratio = TSA ÷ CSA

⇒ Ratio = [2πr(h + r)] ÷ [2πrh]

⇒ Ratio = (h + r) ÷ h

⇒ Ratio = (50 + 20) ÷ 50

⇒ Ratio = 70 ÷ 50

⇒ Ratio = 7 ÷ 5

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 5.

Additional Information

Volume of a Cylinder

The amount of space inside the cylinder is calculated as V = πr²h.

Area of Circular Bases

The total surface area includes two circular bases, each with an area of A = πr².

Relationship between CSA and Volume

The volume can also be expressed in terms of the curved surface area as Volume = (CSA × r) ÷ 2.

Given:

Four fractions.

Concept:

HCF of fractions is the ratio of the HCF of the numerators and LCM of the denominators.

Solution**:**

HCF of numerators = HCF(3, 5, 7, 1) = 1.

LCM of denominators = LCM(4, 7, 9, 12) = 252.

HCF of fractions = $\frac{1}{252}$.

Hence, the HCF of the given fractions is $\frac{1}{252}$.

Given:

Total area to be painted = 176 m²

Paint exhausted after painting 16 m2 = 4 litres

Concept:

Amount of paint required is directly proportional to the area to be painted.

Solution:

4 litres of paint covers 16 m2, so 1 litre of paint covers 16/4 = 4 m2.

For the remaining area of 176 - 16 = 160 m2, the paint required = 160/4 = 40 litres.

Since one tin contains 4 litres,

number of tins required = 40/4 = 10 tins.

Hence, 10 more tins of paint are required to paint the remaining area.

Given:

x and y are inversely proportional.

x = 27 when y = 7.

Concept:

If x and y are inversely proportional, xy = constant.

Solution:

As x and y are inversely proportional, their product is constant.

So, 27 × 7 = x × 21.

Solving for x, we get x = (27 × 7)/21 = 9.

Hence, when y = 21, x = 9.

Given:

Thief's speed = 40 km/h

Time taken by the thief = 5 hours 15 minutes = 5.25 hours

Police's speed = 50 km/h

Concept: Distance = Speed × Time.

Solution:

Distance covered by the thief = Speed × Time = 40 × 5.25 = 210 km.

Time taken by the police to cover the same distance = Distance/Speed = 210/50 = 4 hours 12 minutes

Hence, the police will take 4 hours 12 minutes to cover the same distance.

Given:

Cost Price = Rs. 80

Selling Price = Rs. 68

Concept: Loss percentage = (Loss/CP) × 100

Solution:

Loss = CP - SP = Rs. 80 - Rs. 68 = Rs. 12

Loss Percentage = (Loss/CP) × 100 = (12/80) × 100 = 15%

Hence, the percentage loss is 15%.

Shortcut Trick

Net deviation from the given average (75 kgs) for the entire group must be exactly zero.

Deviation for the first 10 people = 10 × (70 − 75) = −50 kgs.

Deviation for the next 5 people = 5 × (75 − 75) = 0 kgs.

To balance the total deviation to zero, the remaining 5 people must have a combined deviation of +50 kgs.

Average deviation for these 5 people = +50 ÷ 5 = +10 kgs, making their average weight 75 + 10 = 85 kgs.

∴ The correct answer is 85 kgs.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of people = 20

Average weight of 20 people = 75 kgs

Average weight of 10 people = 70 kgs

Average weight of the next 5 people = 75 kgs

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

Total: 20 People | Average: 75 kgs

10 People Avg: 70 kgs

5 People Avg: 75 kgs

5 People Avg: ? kgs

Deviation: 10 × −5 = −50 Dev: 0 Dev: +50

75 + 10 = 85 kgs

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight of all 20 people = 20 × 75 = 1500 kgs

⇒ Total weight of 10 people = 10 × 70 = 700 kgs

⇒ Total weight of the next 5 people = 5 × 75 = 375 kgs

⇒ Weight of remaining 5 people = Total weight − (Weight of 10 people + Weight of next 5 people)

⇒ Weight of remaining 5 people = 1500 − (700 + 375)

⇒ Weight of remaining 5 people = 1500 − 1075 = 425 kgs

⇒ Average weight of remaining 5 people = 425 ÷ 5 = 85 kgs

∴ The correct answer is 85 kgs.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Concept

When separate groups are combined, the overall average is determined using the formula: Combined Average = (n₁ × A₁ + n₂ × A₂ + ...) ÷ (n₁ + n₂ + ...).

Net Deviation Method

The sum of the deviations of all individual elements from their mean value is always perfectly zero. Balancing these deviations serves as a reliable shortcut to finding missing values in a group.

Given:

Required reduction in time = 40%

Concept: If the distance is constant, speed is inversely proportional to time.

Solution:

To reduce the time by 40%, the speed must be increased by 1 / (1 - 0.40) - 1 = $66\frac{2}{3}$%.

Hence, the speed of the car should be increased by $66\frac{2}{3}$%.

Given:

A is thrice as good a workman as B.

Total work completed in 24 days with A and B working on alternate days.

Concept:

Work = Rate × Time.

Solution:

If B works for 1 day, A works for 3 days.

In a cycle of two days, they together work for an equivalent of 4B days.

Therefore, the total cycles in 24 days = 24 / 2 = 12 cycles, equivalent to 48B days.

If A were to work alone, time required = 48 / 3 = 16 days.

Hence, A alone would have taken 16 days to finish the work.

The correct answer is option (2).

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in the present perfect tense.
• The formation of the present perfect tense is (Sub+has/have+ V3 + object).
• When the subject is 1^st person (I, We), 2^nd Person (You) and 3^rd Person plural (They, Rabi and Raja), it always takes 'have' as a helping verb.
• But when the subject is 3^rd person singular number, it takes 'has' as a helping verb.
• ‘My boss’ in the given sentence is 3^rd person singular number.
• The use of ‘have’ is incorrect. It should be ‘has’.
• Assure: To assure means to give someone confidence, guarantee, or make them feel certain about something.
• Insure: To insure means to provide financial protection or coverage against the risk of a specific event occurring.
• Here His boss is assuring him that the salary will be credited.
• Hence 'assure' will be correct.

Therefore, the correct sentence is My boss has assured me that my salary will be credited next week.

The correct answer is 'Ambiguous'.

Key Points

• The given word 'Obvious' means something which is easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent. ('स्पष्ट' or 'प्रत्यक्ष').
• Example: The benefits of the decision were obvious to everyone.
• 'Ambiguous' means something which is open to more than one interpretation. ('अस्पष्ट' or 'संदिग्ध').
• Example: The language in the contract was ambiguous and led to different interpretations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

Additional Information

• 'Evident' means clearly seen or understood; obvious. ('स्पष्ट' or 'प्रत्यक्ष').
• 'Inherent' refers to something that is a basic or essential part of something; it's unremovable. ('सहज' or 'निहित').
• 'Apparent' refers to things that are clearly visible or understood; obvious. ('प्रत्यक्ष' or 'स्पष्ट').

The correct answer is 'Negligible'.

Key Points

• The given word 'Enormous' means extremely large in size, quantity, or extent. ('विशाल' or 'बड़ा').
• Example: The project required an enormous amount of work
• 'Negligible' means something which is so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant. ('नगण्य' or 'तुच्छ').
• Example: The difference between the two products is negligible.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

Additional Information

• 'Stumble' means to trip or momentarily lose one's balance; almost fall. ('ठोकर खाना' or 'लड़खड़ाना').
• 'Enjoyable' means giving delight or pleasure. ('आनंददायक' or 'मनोरंजक').
• 'Mammoth' means huge, gigantic, or very large. ('विशाल' or 'बड़ा').

The correct answer is 'Unhappy'.

Key Points

• The given word 'Gloomy' means dark or poorly lit, causing a sense of depression or melancholy. ('उदास' or 'निराशाजनक').
• Example: The weather was cold and gloomy.
• 'Unhappy' means feeling or showing unhappiness or discontent. ('दुखी' or 'नाखुश').
• Example: She looked unhappy and disappointed with the result.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

Additional Information

• 'Blissful' means extremely happy or full of joy. ('सुखद' or 'आनंदित').
• 'Hopeful' means feeling or inspiring optimism about a future event. ('आशावादी').
• 'Light', means the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible. It can also be the state of being noticeable or cheerful, which is clearly different from the term 'Gloomy'. ('रोशनी' or 'प्रकाश')

The correct answer is 'Laminated'.

Key Points

• The given word 'Stratified' means arranged in layers or classes. ('स्तरीकृत' or 'परतदार').
• Example: The society was highly stratified and firmly structured.
• 'Laminated' means something is covered with layers of material. It can also refer to a structure composed of multiple layers. ('परतदार' or 'स्तरबद्ध').
• Example: The laminated structure of the rock was clear to see.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

Additional Information

• 'Scattered' means distributed or occurring at widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space. ('विकिरण' or 'बिखरा हुआ').
• 'Consolidated' means brought together into a single whole. ('संगठित' or 'एकीकृत').
• 'Ungraded' means not arranged in order by grade. ('अवर्गीकृत').

The correct answer is option (2).

Key Points 

• The underlined segment contains an error in the phrase "out daylight."

• The given sentence implies that Josephine couldn't endure or tolerate being in daylight for another hour.

• In English, we typically use "of daylight" to indicate a period or duration during the daytime.

• ‘OF’ is a preposition Used for belonging to, relating to, or connected with.

• Example: The first page of the book describes the author’s profile.

Therefore, the correct sentence is "Josephine confessed that she couldn’t stand another hour of daylight".

The correct answer is: Human personality is classified into three types- introvert, extrovert and ambivert.

Key Points

• Personality is spelt correctly in this sentence, it refers to the unique set of characteristics, traits, behaviours, and patterns of thought that define an individual. (विशेषताओं, लक्षण, व्यवहार और विचार के पैटर्न का अनूठा सेट जो किसी व्यक्ति को परिभाषित करता है)
• Classified is also spelt correctly here, it has several meanings, but in the context of the sentence provided, it is used as a verb. When something is classified, it means it is categorized or organized based on certain criteria. (कुछ मानदंडों के आधार पर वर्गीकृत या संगठित)
• Introvert: A person who tends to be more reserved, reflective, and focused inwardly. (एक व्यक्ति जो अधिक आरक्षित, चिंतनशील और आंतरिक रूप से केंद्रित होता है)
• Extrovert: A person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around others. (एक ऐसा व्यक्ति जो मिलनसार, मिलनसार और दूसरों के बीच रहकर ऊर्जावान होता है)
• Ambivert: A person who falls somewhere in between introversion and extroversion, displaying characteristics of both personality types. (एक व्यक्ति जो अंतर्मुखता और बहिर्मुखता के बीच में पड़ता है, दोनों प्रकार के व्यक्तित्व की विशेषताओं को प्रदर्शित करता है)

Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Sergeant

Key Points

• The spelling 'sargent' is incorrect in this sentence.
• The correct spelling should be 'Sergeant'.
• A sergeant is a military rank or a police rank.
• Example: In the army, Sergeant Davis led his platoon with precision and discipline.

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

Corrected sentence: Henry worked for a few years as a sergeant in the army.

The correct answer is 'Anger'.

Key Points

• The given word 'Annoyance' means the feeling of being annoyed; irritation. ('कष्ट' or 'चिढ़').
• Example: I felt a great annoyance at the disruption in service.
• 'Anger' means a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility. ('क्रोध' or 'गुस्सा').
• Example: His unfriendly behavior sparked a lot of anger among the group.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

 Additional Information

• 'Hatred' means intense or passionate dislike. ('घृणा' or 'नफ़रत').
• 'Emotion' refers to a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. ('भावना').
• 'Agony' refers to extreme physical or mental suffering. While it could embody a sense of annoyance, it is generally more intense. ('यातना' or 'पीड़ा').

The correct answer is option no. (1) i.e. 'Strong'.

Key Points

• The word Frail means  (of a person) weak and delicate.(कमजोर / भंगुर)
• Example:- She is very weak and frail at the moment.
• The word Strong means having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks.(मजबूत)
• Example:- She must be very strong to carry such a weight on her back.
• As both the words frail and strong are opposite in meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is option no. (1)

Additional Information

• Other options are:
• Violent- using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.(उग्र)
• Feeble- lacking in physical or mental strength.(कमजोर)
• Docile- ready to accept control or instruction; submissive.(सहजता से मान जाने वाला)

The correct answer is 'Austere'.

Key Points

• The given word 'Strict' means adhering closely to laws or rules; exact. ('कठोर' or 'सख्त').
• Example: They run a very strict discipline in the school.
• 'Austere' means severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance, which fits the sentence's context. ('कठोर' or 'सादागी').
• Example: The headmaster is known for his austere discipline in the school.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

Additional Information

• 'Liberal' means open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values, which contrasts with 'Strict'. ('उदार').
• 'Orthodox' means conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true, established and approved. ('परंपरागत' or 'सांप्रदायिक').
• 'Valiant' means possessing or showing courage or determination. ('वीर' or 'साहसी').

The correct answer is: They have

Key Points

• In the sentence, "take" is the main verb, and it needs to be in the present tense since the action "taking an hour's walk" is a habitual action that happens regularly, not a completed action in the past.
• "They have" indicates the present perfect tense, which is used for actions that started in the past and continue to the present or have just been completed.
• "They always take an hour's walk before breakfast" is the correct sentence.
• Here, "take" is the present tense verb that agrees with the subject "they" and accurately describes the ongoing habit of taking a walk before breakfast.
• The adverb "always" further clarifies the sentence by emphasizing that the action of taking a walk happens habitually, not just in the present.
• The present tense is often used for habitual actions, especially when they are part of a daily routine.

Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'To touch or grasp someone, often with the threat of violence'.

Key Points

• The idiom 'Lay hands on' means to get hold of or find something. It is also used to describe the act of touching, seizing, or grasping someone, often with the intention of violence.
• Example: The teacher warned the mischievous student not to lay hands on his classmates.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

Additional Information

• 'To gently lay one’s hand on someone' implies a comforting or caring act rather than an act of aggression.
• 'To try new things' is a general phrase and it doesn't specifically correlate with the given idiom.
• 'To give up' means to stop doing something or to surrender, which is not the same as 'Lay hands on'.

The correct answer is: among

Key Points

• The choice between "within" and "among" depends on the context.
• "Within" typically refers to something inside a particular group or area, while "among" is used when referring to distribution or relationships involving more than one person or entity.
• In this sentence, the intention is to distribute fruits and desserts to three distinct groups: the girls, the boys, and the teachers.
• The correct preposition to convey this distribution to multiple groups is "among."
• Therefore, "among" is the appropriate choice to replace "within" in order to convey the intended meaning of distributing the fruits and desserts among the girls, boys, and teachers.

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• 'In' is used to denote location or inclusion within a certain space or timeframe.
• 'For' is used to indicate purpose, benefit, or intended recipient.
• 'Across' is used to express movement or extension from one side to another.

The correct answer is 'child's play'.

Key Points

• The correct idiom that can substitute the italicised words in the sentence is "child’s play".
• The phrase "child's play" is an idiomatic expression meaning something is extremely easy or simple to achieve.
• When we say something is not "child's play", it means that the task is not easy or straightforward, it takes real effort and work to achieve or complete.
• In this sentence, the speaker is conveying that success in competitive exams requires significant effort and is not easily achieved.
• Example - "Mastering chess is not child's play; it requires extensive practice and strategic thinking."

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 3".

Additional Information

• 'Cat’s paw' means someone who is unknowingly used by others to accomplish their own goal.
• 'A black sheep' refers to a member of a family or group who is considered less respectable or successful than the others.
• "A bed of thorns" means a difficult or problematic situation.

The correct answer is: Influenced

Key Points

• The sentence discusses the impact of the idea on the individual's thoughts and actions in the past.
• The past tense "influenced" is used to indicate that the idea had an effect on the person, shaping their thoughts and influencing their actions over time.
• When we use the past form "influenced," we convey that the influence of the idea occurred in the past, aligning with the context of the sentence.
• It reflects the ongoing process of the idea shaping the individual's perspective and behaviour, highlighting the historical development of the influence.
• Thus, the word "influenced" is the correct choice in this context because it appropriately conveys the past influence of the idea on the person.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is: Entirely

Key Points

• Entirely refers to Wholly, completely, without exception. (पूर्णतः, पूर्णतया, बिना किसी अपवाद के)
• Example: The project was entirely successful, meeting all its objectives.
• ​Therefore, "entirely" is the appropriate choice here because it conveys that there will be some personal experiences that are completely unrelated to the wider subject, aligning with the intended meaning of the sentence.

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Entirety: In the context of the sentence, "entirety" doesn't fit as it refers to the entirety of personal experiences, which is not the intended meaning.
• Entire: Similar to "entirety," "entire" implies a totality that doesn't match the intended meaning of the sentence.
• Untiredly: Without getting tired or showing fatigue.

The correct answer is: marked

Key Points

• Marked refers to something that is noticeable, significant and clearly evident. (कुछ ऐसा जो ध्यान देने योग्य, महत्वपूर्ण और स्पष्ट रूप से स्पष्ट हो)
• In this context, "marked" is used to indicate that personal contacts have a noticeable or significant influence on our judgments.
• It implies that the impact is distinctive or clear.
• So, "marked" is the appropriate choice as it serves as an adjective, conveying the idea that personal contacts have a noticeable or significant influence on our judgments of countries and peoples.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• "Marking" is a gerund form and does not fit the sentence structure.
• "Marks" is a plural noun and does not fit grammatically in the sentence.
• "Mark" is a singular noun or verb and does not fit grammatically in the sentence.

The correct answer is: more

Key Points

• More means in a greater degree or extent. (अधिक मात्रा या परिमाण में)
• The sentence compares the likelihood of misjudging people when we don't know them personally to the situation when we do know them.
• "More" is the comparative form that appropriately indicates a greater degree of misjudgment.

Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• "Most" suggests the highest degree, which is not the intended comparison in this context.
• "Very much" is an intensifier but doesn't convey the comparative relationship needed in the sentence.
• "Much" doesn't indicate a comparative relationship. It simply describes the extent without making a comparison to another situation.

The correct answer is: Consider

Key Points

• Consider means to regard or think about something in a particular way. (किसी चीज़ के बारे में एक विशेष तरीके से सोचना या विचार करना)
• Example: After learning about his experiences, I consider him a wise and insightful person.
• The use of "consider" fits well in the context, as it suggests that when we do not know the people of a country, we are likely to misjudge them and, as a result, consider them entirely alien and different.
• So, "consider" is the appropriate choice as it is a simple present tense verb that fits seamlessly into the sentence structure, connecting the clauses and conveying the intended meaning of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• "Had considered" is the past perfect tense and doesn't align with the present tense used in the rest of the sentence.
• "Considered" lacks the appropriate connection with the preceding clause.
• "To consider" is an infinitive phrase and doesn't fit well in the structure of the sentence. The sentence requires a verb that can stand alone and convey the idea of actively thinking or perceiving.

एक साथ प्रयुक्त होने वाला समानार्थी शब्द वाक्य के लिए उपयुक्त होगा- शाक - भाजी

• अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- साधु संत शाक - भाजी भोजन से खूब संतुष्ट होते हैं।
• वाक्य में रेखांकित के स्थान पर सही 'शाक - भाजी' होगा।
• शाक - भाजी : साग- सब्ज़ी।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण समानार्थी शब्द:-

वाक्य के किस शब्द मे अशुद्धि है- जयपूर

• अन्य सभी विकल्प वर्तनी की दृष्टि से शुद्ध है।

Key Points

• दिए गये वाक्य में 'वर्तनी प्रयोग' की त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ 'जयपूर' सार्थक शब्द नही है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नही हो रहा।
• अत: सार्थक शब्द 'जयपुर' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - दिल्ली से जयपुर तक चौड़ी सड़क है।

Important Points वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि:-​

'वह गाड़ी के पास सो रहा है।'

अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम का प्रयोग होगा- कोई गाड़ी के पास सो रहा है।

• अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• दिए गये वाक्य में 'वह' शब्द निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम है
• जबकि 'कोई' शब्द अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम है।
• सही वाक्य- कोई गाड़ी के पास सो रहा है।

Important Pointsअनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम-

• जिन सर्वनाम शब्दों से वस्तु, व्यक्ति, स्थान आदि की निश्चितता का बोध नही होता,
• वे अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम कहलाते हैं। इसके सर्वनाम के अंतर्गत ‘कोई’ और ‘कुछ’ आते हैं।

उदाहरण-

• द्वार पर कोई खड़ा है।
• मैं कुछ खाना चाहता हूँ।

Additional Information

भाववाचक संज्ञा नहीं है- पर्वत

• (यह शब्द किसी एक विशेष 'पर्वत' का बोध न कराकर दुनिया के सभी 'पर्वत' का बोध करा रहा है, अतः 'पर्वत' एक जातिवाचक संज्ञा है।)
• जैसे- हिमालय पर्वत भारत के उत्तर​ में स्थित है।

Key Points

Important Points 

'असफल' का विलोम शब्द है- सफल

• अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• 'असफल' का अर्थ- जो सफल न हो, विफल, निष्फल ।
• 'सफल' का अर्थ- जिसने उद्देश्य सिद्ध कर लिया हो।​
• अत: 'असफल' का उचित विलोम शब्द 'सफल' होगा।

Important Points

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द-

'जो सब कुछ जानता है' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा- सर्वज्ञ

• अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• जो सब कुछ जानता है- सर्वज्ञ

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द:-