SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 25 Jan 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

⇒ 19 * 5 * 5 * 220 * 2 * 10

(1) =, ÷, ×, +, −

⇒ 19 * 5 * 5 * 220 * 2 * 10

After putting the signs:

⇒ 19 = 5 ÷ 5 × 220 + 2 - 10

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 19 = 1 × 220 + 2 - 10

⇒ 19 = 220 + 2 - 10

⇒ 19 = 222 - 10

⇒ 19 = 212

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(2) ×, +, =, ÷, −

⇒ 19 * 5 * 5 * 220 * 2 * 10

After putting the signs:

⇒ 19 × 5 + 5 = 220 ÷ 2 - 10

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 95 + 5 = 110 - 10

⇒ 100 = 100

Here, the equation is satisfied.

(3) +, −, =, ×, ÷

⇒ 19 * 5 * 5 * 220 * 2 * 10

After putting the signs:

⇒ 19 + 5 - 5 = 220 × 2 ÷ 10

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 19 + 5 - 5 = 220 × 0.2

⇒ 24 - 5 = 44

⇒ 19 = 44

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(4) –, +, ×, ÷, =

⇒ 19 * 5 * 5 * 220 * 2 * 10

After putting the signs:

⇒ 19 - 5 + 5 × 220 ÷ 2 = 10

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 19 - 5 + 5 × 110

⇒ 19 - 5 + 550

⇒ 569 - 5 = 564

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

Hence, the correct answer is "×, +, =, ÷, −".

The least possible Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusions:

I. Some fruits are apples. → Follow (Some raisins are grapes, all grapes are apples, and all raisins are fruits, which means some fruits are apples is definitely true)

II. Some apples are raisins. → Follow (Some raisins are grapes, all grapes are apple, which means some apples are raisins is definitely true)

Here, both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

Here, we use the table given below:

Logic: Addition of (3) and (4) alternatively in the position value of the alphabet.

BLUSH is written as 'EPXWK' →

SPLASH is written as ‘VTOEVL’ →

Similarly, 'SPRITE' will be written as:

Hence, the correct answer is "VTUMWI".

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: Double series is followed, where (4) is added in the first series and (6) is added in the second series.

Here, '135' is the missing number.

Hence, the correct answer is "135".

The codes for the words as per the given information:

Here, 'Kind' is written as 'ga'.

Hence, the correct answer is "ga".

Given:

Baker : Bread → Baker's work is to make bread.

similarly,

Cobbler : Shoes → Cobbler's work is to repair shoes.

Here, 'Cobler : Shoes' is the correct pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "shoes".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: First no. = [{(Second no.) - (Third no.)} × 9]

(261, 54, 25) →

​⇒ [{(54) - (25)} × 9]

​⇒ (29 × 9) = 261

(270, 45, 15) →

​⇒ [{(45) - (15)} × 9]

​⇒ (30 × 9) = 270

Checking all the given options as per the logic:

1. (298, 67, 45) →

​⇒ [{(67) - (45)} × 9]

​⇒ (22 × 9) = 198

2. (182, 87, 69) →

​⇒ [{(87) - (69)} × 9]

​⇒ (18 × 9) = 162

3. (288, 82, 50) →

​⇒ [{(82) - (50)} × 9]

​⇒ (32 × 9) = 288

4. (236, 80, 56) →

​⇒ [{(80) - (56)} × 9]

​⇒ (24 × 9) = 216

Here, (288, 82, 50) shows a similar relation to the given set of pairs.

Hence, the correct answer is "(288, 82, 50)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information is as:

1. Ali is sitting third to the right of Naeem and Syed is sitting second to the left of Ali.

2. Sara is the immediate neighbour of Ali and Syed and Shenaz is second to the right of Ali.

3. David is sitting third to the right of Syed.

Here, Ali is sitting between Sara and David.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ali".

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

(1) – and +

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 + 40 - 34

⇒ 4 × 54 + 40 - 34

⇒ 216 + 40 - 34

⇒ 256 - 34 = 222

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(2) ÷ and ×

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 108 × 27 ÷ 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 108 × 0.5 - 40 + 34

⇒ 54 - 40 + 34

⇒ 88 - 40 = 48

⇒ LHS = RHS

⇒ '108 × 27 ÷ 54 – 40 + 34 = 48'

Here, the equation is satisfied.

(3) × and –

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 - 54 × 40 + 34

⇒ 4 - 54 × 40 + 34

⇒ 4 - 2160 + 34

⇒ 38 - 2160 = (-2122)

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(4) ÷ and –

⇒ 108 ÷ 27 × 54 – 40 + 34 = 48

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 108 - 27 × 54 ÷ 40 + 34 = 48

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 108 - 27 × 1.35 + 34

⇒ 108 - 36.45 + 34

⇒ 142 - 36.45 = 105.55

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

Hence, the correct answer is "÷ and ×".

The logic followed in the given figure series is as:

From Figure (1) to (2):

The symbols move as shown below and M changes into F.

From Figure (2) to (3):

The symbols move as shown below and P changes into the triangle.

From Figure (3) to (4):

The symbols move as shown below and S changes into the rectangle.

From Figure (4) to Answer Figure (5):

The symbols move as shown below and F changes into V.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Here, we unfold the paper step by step:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The pattern followed here is,

Logic: Addition of (4) in the first, third and fourth letter and subtraction of (5) from the second letter.

Hence, the correct answer is "DDJQ".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information is as:

1. D is to the immediate right of E and E is to the immediate right of F.

2. A is the immediate neighbour of D and C.

Here, E is sitting second to the right of B.

Hence, the correct answer is "E".

The pattern followed here is,

Logic: Consecutive number is added from 29.

Hence, the correct answer is "97".

Preparing the family tree diagram by using the following symbols:

As per the given data:

 

 

 

 

 

Checking all the given options:

1. R @ S @ Q # P

R is the son of S, S is the son of Q and Q is the daughter of P.

Here, R is the grandson of P's daughter.

2. P # Q @ R # S

P is the daughter of Q, Q is the son of R and R is the daughter S.

Here, R is the grandmother of P.

3. R @ S & Q # P

R is the son of S, S is the mother of Q and Q is the daughter of P.

Here, R is the son of P.

4. P @ Q & R # S

P is the son of Q, Q is the mother of R and R is the daughter of S.

Here, R is the sister of P.

Hence, the correct answer is "P @ Q & R # S".

The pattern followed here is,

Logic: Addition of 1, 3, 5 and 7 (consecutive odd numbers) in the position value of the First, second, third and fourth alphabet.

Hence, the correct answer is "ESRC".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

5. Breath
6. Breather
7. Breech
8. Breed
9. Breeze

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 3, 2, 4, 1".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: The letters are coded with their opposite letters according to the positional value table.

BEAM : YVZN →

WORD : DLIW →

Similarly, for 'PLAN :?' →

Hence, the correct answer is "KOZM".

The correct answer is Pasumarthy Ramalinga Sastry.

Key Points

• Pasumarthy Ramalinga Sastry:-
• Pasumarthy Ramalinga Sastry is a renowned Kuchipudi dancer, artist, choreographer, and guru.
• He was born in 1958 in Gudivada, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• He learned Kuchipudi dance from his father, Pasumarthy Ramakrishna Sastry.
• He later learned Bharatanatyam from renowned gurus such as Rukmini Devi Arundale and Vempati Chinna Satyam.
• He won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in Kuchipudi in 2018.

Additional Information

• Madambi Subramanian Namboodiri:-
• He is a Kathakali musician from Kerala, India.
• He was born on June 15, 1943, in Sreekrishnapuram, Palakkad district.
• He received training in Kathakali music from Ramankutty Warrier, K. Madhava Panicker, Kalamandalam Neelakandan Nambeesan, and Kalamandalam Shivaraman Nair.
• He has also studied Carnatic music under Kongorppilli Parameswaran Namboodiri.
• Manjamma Jogathi:-
• She is an Indian actress, singer, and dancer of Jogathi Nritya, a folk dance form from North Karnataka.
• She was born on May 20, 1957, in Kalkamba, Karnataka.

The correct answer is Malina Debnath.

Key Points

• Malina Debnath:-
• Malina Debnath is an Indian politician who is serving as Member of Tripura Legislative Assembly from Jubarajnagar Assembly constituency.
• She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Debnath joined the BJP in 2018.
• She contested the Jubarajnagar Assembly constituency in the 2022 Tripura Assembly election and won by a margin of 4,572 votes. She took oath as MLA on June 28, 2022.​

Additional Information

• Bandhu Tirkey:-
• He is an Indian politician who was a former Member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly elected from Mandar of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) in 2019.
• He was expelled from his post on Feb, 2022 for having more money than stated to ECI. He later joined Indian National Congress.
• Rutuja Latke:-
• She is an Indian politician who is serving as Member of the 14^th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Andheri East Assembly constituency.
• She is the spouse of Ramesh Latke, who was the sitting MLA from the constituency before his death in May 2022.
• Bishnu Sethi:-
• He was an Indian politician who served as the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2022 until his death in September 2022.
• He was the MLA from the Dhamnagar Assembly constituency.

The correct answer is Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise

Key Points

Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise:-

• SMILE is an umbrella scheme launched by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, in February 2022.
• The scheme aims to provide comprehensive rehabilitation and support to marginalized individuals, including transgender persons and persons engaged in the act of begging, to enable them to live dignified and productive lives.
• The SMILE scheme provides a range of benefits, including:
• Skill development training to help marginalized individuals acquire the skills they need to get jobs or start their own businesses.
• Seed capital assistance to help marginalized individuals start their own businesses or expand their existing businesses.
• Placement assistance to help marginalized individuals find jobs in the formal or informal sector.
• Social security benefits, such as old age pension, disability pension, and widow pension, to marginalized individuals who are eligible.

The correct answer is soil degradation

Key Points

• Soil degradation:
• Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality over time.
• It can be caused by a number of factors, including: Overgrazing, Deforestation, Poor agricultural practices, and Climate change.
• Synthetic fertilizers can damage soil structure and reduce organic matter content, making it less productive and more susceptible to erosion.

 Additional Information

• Synthetic fertilizers:-
• These are man-made chemical compounds that are used to improve the fertility of soil and increase crop yields.
• They are typically made from petroleum-derived products and other inorganic materials.
• Synthetic fertilizers are often more concentrated and faster-acting than organic fertilizers, but they can also have negative environmental impacts.

The correct answer is Ganga

Key Points

• Magadha:-
• It was a powerful kingdom in ancient India, located in what is now the state of Bihar.
• It was the birthplace of Buddhism and Jainism, and it played an important role in the development of Indian culture and civilization.
• Magadha was known for its fertile soil, its strategic location on the Ganges River, and its rich mineral resources.
• These factors contributed to its rise as a major power in ancient India.
• Magadha reached its peak under the Mauryan dynasty (322-184 BCE), which ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent.
• The Mauryan Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the ancient world.

Additional Information

• Ganga:-
• It is the largest and most sacred river in India.
• It flows for over 2,500 km through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
• The Ganga is revered by Hindus and is considered to be a holy river.
• Yamuna:-
• The Yamuna River is the largest tributary of the Ganga.
• It flows for approximately 1,376 km through Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
• The Yamuna is a major water source for drinking and irrigation, particularly in northern India.
• Tapti:-
• It is a river that flows for over 700 km through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
• The Tapti is a major source of water for drinking and irrigation, and it is also used for navigation.
• Narmada:-
• It is a river that flows for over 1,300 km through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
• The Narmada is a major source of water for drinking and irrigation, and it is also used for navigation.

The correct answer is 7.32 m; 2.44 m.

Key Points

• Football:-
• It is also known as association football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players with a spherical ball.
• It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.
• In the game of football (also known as soccer), the distance between the goalposts is 7.32 meters (24 feet), and the distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 meters (8 feet).
• These dimensions are specified in Law 1 of the Laws of the Game, which is published by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).
• The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal, or other approved material.
• They must be square, rectangular, round, or elliptical in shape, and they must not be dangerous to players. The goalposts and crossbar must also be white.

The correct answer is Mahawat.

Key Points

• Low-pressure systems that originate over the Mediterranean Sea are known as western cyclonic disturbances.
• These wind systems go to India under the control of subtropical westerly jet streams, where they produce precipitation.
• The plains get these winter rains, which aid in the development of Rabi crops.
• Locally, this downpour is known as mahawat. It occurs in the northern and northwest regions of India.
• Westerly winds with high speed are called jet streams. The western disturbances felt in the country's north and north-western regions are caused by the westerly flows. Westerly jet streams flow to the Himalayan region's north in the summer.​

Additional Information

• Tahiti
• Tahiti experiences a fairly dry winter, with average rainfall ranging from 20 to 40 millimeters (0.79 to 1.57 inches) per month.
• Kaal Baisakhi
• In West Bengal, the localised thunderstorms associated with violent gust and heavy rain is known as ‘Kaal Baisakhi’.
• Kaal Baisakhi
• ​It is a local rainfall and thunderstorm occur in Assam and West Bengal and in India or Bangladesh.
• It occurs in the summer season.
• It harms life and money and generally occurs in the month of Baisakh (April-May), hence it is known as 'Kaal Baisakhi'.
• It originated from Chota Nagpur Plateau.
• Since It is caused by winds coming from the north-west direction, they are also called 'norwesters'.​​
• ​Loo
• The loo is a local wind.
• It is a dusty, hot, and dry summer wind.
• It is a harmful local wind.
• It blows in the plains of northern India and Pakistan.
• It blows from the west in the months of May and June.
• It may cause sunstroke.

The correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• India’s constitution had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of commencement.
• Now the Constitution of India has 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules.
• There are a total of 12 Schedules in the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is Government of India.

Key Points

• NABARD
• It is an Apex Financial Institution for Growth in India.
• It was formed to enforce the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981 on 12 July 1982 on the recommendations of the B.Sivaramman Committee, (by Parliament Act 61, 1981).
• It is the India's Agriculture and Rural Development Specialized Bank.
• The headquarters is situated in Mumbai.​

Additional Information

• Reserve Bank of India
• RBI is known as the 'Central Bank of India' whose primary function to regulate the issue of Banknotes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country.
• RBI is also known as 'Apex Bank of India'.
• RBI is also known as 'Banker's Bank'.​
• ​Securities and Exchange Board of India
• SEBI is the regulator for the securities market in India.
• SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai.
• Ms. Madhabi Puri Buch​ current Chairman of SEBI.
• The first chairman of SEBI was Dr S. A. Dave.
• SEBI regulates the Indian financial market through its 20 departments.
• ​State Bank of India
• The creation of the State Bank of India in July 1955 followed the passage of the Imperial Bank of India into state ownership.
• In January 1921, the Imperial Bank was established as a joint-stock bank by merging the Presidency Banks of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras. The Imperial Bank had the status of a quasi-central bank, undertaking until the formation of the Reserve Bank of India in 1935, banking functions for the Government of India and other banking institutions and managing the rupee debt of the government.
• The State Bank of India (SBI) is an Indian multinational public sector bank and the statutory entity that provides financial services.
• Its headquarters are in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

The correct answer is Penguin.

Key Points

• Penguins:-
• They are flightless birds that live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere.
• They are highly adapted for life in the ocean, with countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming.
• Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming.
• A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.
• Penguins lay eggs (oviparous), have feathers, and lack a diaphragm and it makes it different from other three.

Additional Information

• Platypus, kangaroo, and flying fox are all examples of mammals. Some of the key characteristics of mammals:
• They have three middle ear bones: the malleus, incus, and stapes.
• They have a diaphragm.
• They have hair or fur.
• They produce milk to feed their young.
• They give birth to live young (viviparous).

The correct answer is Khashaba Jadhav

Key Points

• K.D. Jadhav:-
• He was an Indian freestyle wrestler.
• He was born on January 15, 1926, in Goleshwar, Maharashtra, India, and died on August 14, 1984, in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
• Jadhav is best known for winning a bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He was the first athlete from independent India to win an individual medal in the Olympics.
• At the 1952 Olympics, Jadhav competed in the flyweight division (up to 52 kilograms).

Additional Information

• Milkha Singh:-
• He was an Indian track and field sprinter. He was one of the most successful athletes in Indian history.
• He won numerous medals at the Asian Games and Commonwealth Games, and narrowly missing out on a medal at the Olympics.
• Kapil Dev Ramlal Nikhanj:-
• He is a former Indian cricketer.
• One of the greatest all-rounders in the history of cricket, he was a fast-medium bowler and a hard-hitting middle-order batsman.
• Dev is the only player in the history of cricket to have taken more than 400 wickets (434 wickets) and scored more than 5,000 runs in Test cricket.
• Karnam Malleswari:-
• She is a retired Indian weightlifter.
• She is the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Olympics, a bronze in the 69 kg category at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

The correct answer is Only I

Key Points

• Bhil Tribe:-
• The Bhils are one of the largest tribal groups in India.
• They are traditionally hunters and gatherers, but many Bhils now practice agriculture.
• The Bhils' control of the mountain passes between the north and the Deccan gave them a strategic advantage.
• They were able to levy tolls on merchants and travelers, and they could also use the passes to defend their territory.
• The Bhil tribe living in the Western Ghats controlled the mountain passes between the north and the Deccan.

Additional Information

• Western Ghats:-
• The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs along the western coast of India.
• They form a natural barrier between the Deccan Plateau to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west.
• Eastern Ghats:-
• The Eastern Ghats are a mountain range that runs along the eastern coast of India.
• They are not as high as the Western Ghats and do not form a continuous barrier.

The correct answer is Article 76.

Key Points

• Article 76:-
• it talks about the office of the Attorney General of India.
• Attorney General of India is part of the Union Executive of India. AG is the highest law officer of India.
• ​AG is the chief legal advisor to the government of India.
• AG is not considered a government servant.
• The remuneration of the Attorney General is determined by the President.
• Appointment: Appointed by the President on the advice of the government.
• The tenure of AG is not fixed by the Constitution.
• AG holds office during the pleasure of the government. She/He can be removed by the President any time.

Additional Information

• Article 123:-
• It grants the President certain lawmaking powers to promulgate Ordinances when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session and hence it is not possible to enact laws in the Parliament.
• Article 12:-
• Article 12 has defined the term for the purposes of Part III.
• According to it, the State includes the following:
• Government and Parliament of India, that is executive and legislative organs of the state government.
• Government and legislative of states, that is, executive and legislative organs of state government.
• All local authorities, that is, municipalities, panchayats, district boards, improvement trusts, etc.
• All other authorities, that is, statutory or non-statutory authorities like LIC, ONGC, SAIL, etc.

Article 115:-

• pertains to supplementary, additional or excess grants.

The correct answer is political uncertainty at the Centre.

Key Points

• Eighth Five-Year Plan of India:-
• It got delayed due to political turmoil at the center as well as the global economic changes and fiscal imbalances of the country in the late 1980s.
• It was originally scheduled to begin in 1990, but it was delayed by two years and finally launched in 1992.
• This was due to a number of factors, including:
• The assassination of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991, which led to a period of political instability.
• The economic crisis of 1991, which forced the government to implement a series of austerity measures.
• The global economic recession of the early 1990s, which reduced demand for Indian exports.

Additional Information

• Five-year plans :​

The correct answer is Seven.

 Key Points

• Halogens:-
• These are a group of chemical elements that belong to group 17 of the periodic table.
• They are highly reactive non-metals and are found in nature as diatomic molecules. The halogens are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
• All halogens have 7 electrons in their outermost shell.
• The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom is called its valence electron count.
• The valence electron count determines the chemical properties of an element.
• Halogens have 7 valence electrons, which makes them very reactive. They tend to gain one electron to complete their octet (a stable configuration of 8 electrons in the outermost shell).

The correct answer is Chir.

 Key Points

• The Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) is often referred to as the "Chir tree" and it's native to the Himalayan region.
• It is  part of the coniferous forest family, which includes various species of trees that produce cones and have needle-like leaves.
• These kinds of forests are typically found in regions with long winters and short, cool summers, like the Himalayan region.
• The wood of the Chir tree is often used for construction and carpentry due to its strength and durability.
• Keekar:-
• Keekar tree is the common name for the tree species Acacia nilotica, also known as gum arabic tree, babul, thorn mimosa, Egyptian acacia, or thorny acacia.
• It is a tree found in coniferous Forests.
• It is a medium-sized tree, growing to 10–20 meters (33–66 feet) tall, with a spreading crown and long, sharp thorns.
• The leaves are bipinnate, with small, paired leaflets. The flowers are yellow, borne in clusters, and followed by flat, brown pods containing seeds.

Additional Information

• Teak:-
• It is a large, deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae (mint family).
• It is a native of South and Southeast Asia, and is one of the world's most valuable timber trees.
• Teak wood is strong, durable, and resistant to rot and decay, making it ideal for a variety of uses, including shipbuilding, furniture making, and construction.
• Sundari:-
• It is a large, evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae (sterculia family).
• It is a native of the mangrove forests of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Sundari trees can grow up to 30 meters (100 feet) tall and 2 meters (6.5 feet) in diameter.
• They have large, dark green leaves and white flowers that are arranged in clusters. Sundari trees can live for hundreds of years

 

Keekar tree is the common name for the tree species Acacia nilotica, also known as gum arabic tree, babul, thorn mimosa, Egyptian acacia, or thorny acacia.

• It is a medium-sized tree, growing to 10–20 meters (33–66 feet) tall, with a spreading crown and long, sharp thorns.
• The leaves are bipinnate, with small, paired leaflets. The flowers are yellow, borne in clusters, and followed by flat, brown pods containing seeds

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh

Key Points

• Gochi Festival:-
• It is a fertility festival celebrated in the Chandra and Bhaga valleys of Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, India.
• It is celebrated by families who have been blessed with a baby boy in the past year.
• The festival is usually celebrated during the month of February every year.
• The Gochi festival is a time for celebration and merrymaking.
• Families gather in the houses of those who have had a baby boy, and feast on delicious food and drink chhang, a local wine. There is also music and dancing, and traditional games are played.

Additional Information

• Some festivals of Tamil Nadu are:-
• Pongal
• Thaipusam
• Natyanjali Dance Festival
• Mahamaham
• Tamil New Year's Day
• Aadi Perukku
• Margazhi Vizha
• Some festivals of Assam are:-
• Bihu
• Rongali Bihu
• Bohag Bihu
• Kati Bihu
• Durga Puja
• Some festivals of Rajasthan are:-
• Mewar Festival
• Pushkar Camel Fair
• Jaipur Elephant Festival
• Bikaner Camel Festival
• Desert Festival
• Gangaur Festival

The correct answer is Vikram Doraiswami.

Key Points

• Vikram Doraiswami:-
• He is a career diplomat who has served in various Indian embassies and consulates around the world, including Bangladesh, Canada, China, and the United States.
• The next High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom is Vikram Doraiswami, as announced in August 2022.

Additional Information

• Ruchi Ghanashyam:-
• She is a high-ranking Indian bureaucrat who has served in a variety of positions, including as a Secretary at the Ministry of External Affairs and as the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom.
• Gaitri Issar Kumar:-
• She is a retired Indian Foreign Service officer from the 1986 batch.
• Her last posting was as the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom.
• Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha:-
• Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha is a retired Indian diplomat who served as the Chief Information Commissioner of India from 2020 to 2023.
• He is a 1981 batch Indian Foreign Service officer.

The correct answer is 8.

Key Points

• Sun:-
• The Sun is 109 times bigger than the Earth and weighs 2×1027 tons.
• The core of the Sun has a temperature of about 15 million degrees C.
• Sunlight takes 8 min 16.6 sec to reach Earth.
• The density of the Sun is ¼ of that of the Earth.
• In its composition, 71% hydrogen and 26.5% of helium are found.
• The Sun is about 150 million km away from the Earth.
• The Sun is about 150 million km away from the Earth.
• Light travels with tremendous speed of about 3,00,000 kilometres per second. Even at this speed, the Sun rays take about eight minutes to reach the Earth.
• The source of energy of the Sun is nuclear fusion, in which small nuclei of hydrogen atom fuse into a helium atom.

The correct answer is Bhagoria

Key Points

• Bhagoria:-
• It is a tribal festival celebrated in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. It is primarily celebrated by the Bhil, Bhilala, and Pateliya tribes.
• The festival takes place in the Barwani, Dhar, Alirajpur, Khargone, and Jhabua districts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• It has agricultural significance and coincides with the end of harvesting of crops. It is celebrated for seven days in the month of March before the Holi Festival.
• Bhagoria is a unique festival that celebrates love and marriage.
• It is a time for young men and women to meet and choose their partners. The festival is also a celebration of tribal culture and traditions.

Additional Information

• Pandwani:-
• It is a folk singing style involving narration of tales from the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata.
• The singing also involves musical accompaniment. Bhima, the second of the Pandava is the hero of the story in this style.
• Pandavani is a style of folk singing which includes narration of tales from the Mahabharata. While popular in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, this form of folk theatre is predominantly performed in Chhattisgarh.
• Saila:-
• It is a folk dance of India that is performed by the Bhil, Bhilala, and Pateliya tribes of the central Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh.
• The dance is a celebration of life and love, and it is often performed at weddings and other festive occasions.
• Panthi:-
• Panthi Dance, Folk Dance of Chhattisgarh is one of the important dance forms of Chhattisgarh State of India.
• It is primarily performed by tribal communities, especially the Bhil, Bhilala, and Pateliya tribes.
• Panthi dance originated in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh, and it began as a religious ritual. However, over time, it evolved into a folk dance form.

Given Data:

Rama spends 5/8 of her salary on rent

She spends 1/3 of the remaining on food

The remaining amount after food and rent is Rs. 40

Concept: Basic Arithmetic and Percentage

Solution:

Let Rama's salary be 's'.

The amount spent on rent ⇒ s ×  5/8

The remaining salary after rent ⇒ s - (s ×  5/8)

The amount spent on food ⇒ (s - (s ×  5/8)) ×  1/3

The remaining salary after food ⇒ (s - (s ×  5/8)) - (s - (s ×  5/8)) ×  1/3 = 40

Solving the equation,

s = 160

Therefore, Rama's weekly salary is Rs. 160.

Given:

The selling price of 28 items is equal to the cost price of 16 items.

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price - Loss

Calculation:

Let cost price of each item be Rs. 1

So, cost price of 28 items = Rs. 28

Selling price of 28 items = Rs. 16

Loss = 28 - 16

⇒ Rs. 12

Loss % = (12/28) × 100

⇒ 42.86 %

∴ The loss percentage is 42.86 %.

Given:

Percentage of candidates did not votes = 10%

Invalid votes = 150

A got votes more than B = 350

Percentage of A secured the total voters on the voter list = 50%

Calculation:

Let total voters on the voter list = x

A got votes = x × (50/100)

B got votes = x × (50/100) – 350

x × (50/100) + x × (50/100) – 350 = x × (90/100) – 150

⇒ 0.50x + 0.50x – 350 = 0.90x - 150

⇒ x – 350 = 0.90x – 150

⇒ 0.10x = 350 – 150

⇒ 0.10x = 200

⇒ x = 200/0.10

⇒ x = 2000

Votes of the loser candidate = 0.50 × 2000 – 350 = 1000 - 350

⇒ 650

Percentage votes of the loser candidate

⇒ [650/2000] × 100

⇒ 32.5%

Therefore, the percentage of votes of the defeated candidate out of the total registered votes is 32.5%.

Given Data:

The ratio of the two numbers is 5 ∶ 9

Their LCM is 405

Concept: LCM of numbers in a ratio

Solution:

If the ratio of two numbers is 5 ∶ 9, let the numbers be 5x and 9x.

The LCM of 5x and 9x is 45x

45x  = 405

⇒ x = 9

Solving the equation,

the numbers are 45 and 81.

Therefore, the numbers are 45 and 81.

Shortcut Trick

Use the direct formula for distance when total time for the round trip is known:

Distance = [(Speed₁ × Speed₂) ÷ (Speed₁ + Speed₂)] × Total Time

Distance = [(20 × 30) ÷ (20 + 30)] × 2

Distance = [600 ÷ 50] × 2 = 12 × 2 = 24 km.

∴ The correct answer is 24 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed during going (s₁) = 20 km/h

Speed during coming back (s₂) = 30 km/h

Total time taken = 2 hours

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Let the distance of the place be D km.

⇒ Time taken while going = D ÷ 20

⇒ Time taken while coming back = D ÷ 30

⇒ Total Time = (D ÷ 20) + (D ÷ 30) = 2

⇒ (3D + 2D) ÷ 60 = 2

⇒ 5D ÷ 60 = 2

⇒ D ÷ 12 = 2

⇒ D = 12 × 2

⇒ D = 24 km

∴ The correct answer is 24 km.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Round Trip

When a person travels the same distance at two different speeds x and y, the Average Speed is given by (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Speed-Time Relationship

For a constant distance, the time taken is inversely proportional to the speed. Ratio of speeds s₁:s₂ = Ratio of times t₂:t₁.

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Given:

The bank offers compound interest at a rate of 5% per annum, compounded half-yearly.

The customer deposits Rs.1600 each on 1^st January and 1^st July of a year.

Concept:

When interest is compounded half-yearly, the rate is divided by 2 and the time is multiplied by 2.

Solution:

⇒ The interest for the first deposit for one year = P(1 + r/200)^2t - P = 1600(1 + 5/200)² - 1600 = ₹ 81

⇒ The interest for the second deposit for six months = P(1 + r/200)t - P = 1600(1 + 5/200) - 1600 = ₹ 40.

⇒ Total interest = ₹ 81 + ₹ 40 = ₹ 121.

Therefore, at the end of the year, the customer will receive ₹ 121 as interest.

Given Data:

The principal amount (P) is ₹5000

The time (t) is 2 years

The difference in interest (CI - SI) is ₹72

Concept:

The formula for when difference in compound interest and simple interest for 2 years is given,

Difference in CI and SI = PR²/100²

Solution:

The difference between CI and SI is given to be ₹72

Put the value in above formula,

⇒ 72 = 5000R²/100²

⇒ R² = (72 × 10000)/5000

⇒ R² = 144

⇒ R = 12%

Therefore, the rate of interest is 12% per annum.

Given Data:

The average weight of 45 students is 55 kg

The average weight increases by 300 g = 0.3 kg when the teacher's weight is included

Concept:

The formula for average = Sum of observations/Total observations

Solution:

Total weight of 45 students ⇒ 45 ×  55 = 2475 kg

Total weight including the teacher ⇒ (45 + 1) ×  (55 + 0.3) = 46 ×  55.3 = 2543.8 kg

The teacher's weight ⇒ Total weight including the teacher - Total weight of students = 2543.8 kg - 2475 kg = 68.8 kg

Therefore, the weight of the teacher is 68.8 kg.

Given Data:

Raj takes twice as much time as Sujay to finish the work

Raj takes thrice as much time as Ronak to finish the work

Sujay alone can do the work in 6 days

Concept:

Work and Time relationship

Solution:

Let Sujay, Raj, and Ronak's one day work be s, r, and ro respectively.

Since Raj takes twice as much time as Sujay ⇒ s = 2r

And Raj takes thrice as much time as Ronak ⇒ r = ro/3

Now, if Sujay can do the work alone in 6 days, ⇒ 6s = 1 (full work)

The work done by all three together in one day ⇒ s + r + ro = s + s/2 + 3s/2 = 3s

So, all three together can do the work in ⇒ 1 / (3s) = 1 / (3 × 1/6) = 2 days

Therefore, all three can finish the work in 2 days.

The ratio of time of Raj and Sujoy = 2 :1

So

The ratio of efficiency of Raj and Sujoy = 1 : 2

Same as,

The ratio of time of Raj and Ronak = 3 :1

So

Ratio of efficiency of Raj and Ronak = 1 : 3

So

The ratio of efficiency of Raj, Sujoy and Ronak = 1 : 2 : 3

Total work = Sujoy's efficiency × time taken by Sujoy

= 2 × 6 = 12 units

So

Time taken by all together = 12/(1 + 2 + 3) = 2 days

Given Data:

Two discounts are given successively - 15% and 6%

The final selling price of the article after discount is Rs. 9588

Concept: Successive Discounts

Solution:

Let the marked price of the article be 'm'.

After the first discount of 15%, the price becomes ⇒ m ×  (1 - 15/100) = m ×  0.85

After the second discount of 6%, the price becomes ⇒ m ×  0.85 ×  (1 - 6/100) = m ×  0.85 ×  0.94 = 9588

Solving the equation,

the marked price 'm' is Rs. 12000.

Therefore, the marked price of the article is Rs. 12000.

Given:

A can complete 2/5 work in 12 days

B can complete 7/8 work in 21 days

Concept:

Work efficiency is inversely proportional to time taken.

Calculation:

⇒ A's full work will take (12 / 2) × 5 = 30 days.

⇒ B's full work will take (21 / 7) × 8 = 24 days.

Total work = LCM(30, 24) = 120

Efficiency of A = 120/30 = 4

Efficiency of B = 120/24 = 5

Efficiency of A and B = 4 + 5 = 9

Days taken by A and B together to complete the work = 120/9 = 40/3 days

Therefore, the number of days in which A and B together can complete the work is 40/3 days.

Given:

15 percent of 40 percent of a number is 30.

Calculation:

Let the number be x.

⇒ 15/100 × 40/100 × x = 30

⇒ 3/20 × 2/5 × x = 30

⇒ x = (30 × 5 × 20)/(3 × 2)

⇒ x = 500

Therefore the number is 500.

Given:

15 feet, 12 feet 9 inches, 16 feet 3 inches, 23 feet 6 inches

Concept:

We'll use the concept of Highest Common Factor (HCF) to solve this problem as the greatest possible length of scale to measure all these lengths exactly will be the HCF of

these measurements.

Calculation:

First, convert all the measurements to the same units. Here we'll convert everything to inches. 1 foot = 12 inches.

15 feet = 15 × 12 = 180 inches

12 feet 9 inches = 12 × 12 + 9 = 153 inches

16 feet 3 inches = 16 × 12 + 3 = 195 inches

23 feet 6 inches = 23 × 12 + 6 = 282 inches

⇒ The numbers to find HCF are 180, 153, 195, and 282.

⇒ The HCF of these numbers is 3 inches.

Hence, the greatest possible length of the scale to measure all these lengths exactly is 3 inches.

Shortcut Trick

Total Selling Price (SP) = 1800 + 230 = ₹2030.

Number of guavas sold = 2030 ÷ 14 = 145.

Number of guavas thrown away = 200 − 145 = 55.

Percentage thrown away = (55 ÷ 200) × 100 = 27.5%.

∴ The correct answer is 27.5%.

Alternate Method

Given: Total guavas bought = 200, Cost Price (CP) = ₹1800, Profit = ₹230, SP per guava = ₹14.

Formula Used: Total SP = CP + Profit | Guavas sold = Total SP ÷ Rate per guava | Percentage = (Value/Total) × 100.

⇒ Total Selling Price = 1800 + 230 = ₹2030

⇒ Number of guavas sold = 2030 ÷ 14

⇒ Number of guavas sold = 145

⇒ Number of rotten guavas = 200 − 145 = 55

⇒ Percentage of guavas thrown away = (55 ÷ 200) × 100

⇒ Percentage = 27.5%

∴ The correct answer is 27.5%.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when SP > CP. Profit = SP − CP. Loss occurs when CP > SP. Loss = CP − SP.

Profit Percentage

Profit % is always calculated on CP unless stated otherwise: Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Percentage Change

To find what percent X is of Y, use the formula (X ÷ Y) × 100. Here, thrown guavas are the change relative to the initial total.

Shortcut Trick

Given, diameter = 56 cm ⇒ radius (r) = 28 cm, and height (h) = 18 cm.

Curved Surface Area of cylinder = 2πrh

CSA = 2 × (22/7) × 28 × 18

CSA = 44 × 4 × 18 = 3168 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 3168 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Diameter of the base = 56 cm

Height of the cylinder (h) = 18 cm

r = 28 cm

d = 56 cm

h = 18 cm

Curved Surface Area = 2πrh

Formula Used:

Radius (r) = Diameter ÷ 2

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a Cylinder = 2πrh

Calculations:

⇒ Radius (r) = 56 ÷ 2 = 28 cm

⇒ CSA = 2 × (22/7) × 28 × 18

⇒ CSA = 2 × 22 × 4 × 18

⇒ CSA = 44 × 72

⇒ CSA = 3168 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 3168 cm².

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of a Cylinder

It includes the curved surface and the two circular bases. Formula: TSA = 2πr(r + h).

Volume of a Cylinder

It represents the total 3D space enclosed by the cylinder. Formula: V = πr²h.

Curved Surface Area of a Cone

For a cone with radius 'r' and slant height 'l', the curved surface area is given by πrl.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Initial Price be 100.

Successive multiplier: SP = 100 × (90/100) × (85/100) × (80/100).

SP = 100 × 0.9 × 0.85 × 0.8 = 61.2.

Single Discount = 100 − 61.2 = 38.8%.

∴ The correct answer is 38.80%.

Alternate Method

Given: Three successive discounts of 10%, 15%, and 20%.

Formula: Net Discount for two values a and b = (a + b − ab/100)%

⇒ Step 1: Combine 10% and 15% ⇒ 10 + 15 − (10 × 15)/100 = 25 − 1.5 = 23.5%.

⇒ Step 2: Combine 23.5% and 20% ⇒ 23.5 + 20 − (23.5 × 20)/100.

⇒ Step 3: 43.5 − 4.7 = 38.8%.

∴ The correct answer is 38.80%.

Additional Information

Successive Discounts

It refers to the process where a discount is applied to the original price, and then a subsequent discount is applied to the reduced price.

Single Equivalent Discount Formula

For three discounts d₁, d₂, and d₃, the final multiplier is (1 − d₁/100)(1 − d₂/100)(1 − d₃/100).

Given:

a : b = 5 : 1

Concept Used:

We'll use the concept of ratios to solve this problem.

Calculation:

The given ratio a : b = 5 : 1, substitute a = 5 and b = 1 in 3a + 4b : 3a - 4b.

⇒ 15 + 4 : 15 - 4 = 19 : 11.

Hence, the value of 3a + 4b : 3a - 4b is 19 : 11.

Given:

Cost of first type of lentils = Rs. 77.50/kg

Cost of second type of lentils = Rs. 83.50/kg

Average price of mixture = Rs. 80/kg

Concept Used:

We'll use the concept of mixtures and alligations to solve this problem.

The ratio of quantities for the price of the mixture is (C2 - M) : (M - C1), where C1, C2 are the prices of the two types, and M is the average price.

Calculation:

Use the formula to get the ratio = (83.50 - 80) : (80 - 77.50) = 3.5 : 2.5.

Simplify this ratio to lowest terms to get 7 : 5.

Hence, the lentils costing Rs. 77.50/kg should be mixed with the lentils costing Rs. 83.50/kg in the ratio 7 : 5 to get the average price of Rs. 80/kg.

Shortcut Trick

Radius (r) = 3.5 m / 2 = 1.75 m = 175 cm.

Inner Surface Area of dome = 2 × π × r².

Area = 2 × (22/7) × 175 × 175 = 1,92,500 cm².

Total Cost = Area × Rate = 1,92,500 × 0.20 = ₹38,500.

∴ The correct answer is ₹38,500.

Alternate Method

Given:

Diameter of the hemispherical dome (d) = 3.5 m

Cost of painting = 20 paise per cm²

Formula Used:

Inner surface area of a hemisphere = 2πr²

Total Cost = Surface Area × Rate

⇒ Radius (r) = d / 2 = 3.5 / 2 = 1.75 m

⇒ Radius in cm = 1.75 × 100 = 175 cm

⇒ Inner Surface Area = 2 × (22/7) × 175 × 175

⇒ Inner Surface Area = 2 × 22 × 25 × 175 = 1,92,500 cm²

⇒ Rate of painting = 20 paise = 20/100 = ₹0.20 per cm²

⇒ Total Cost = 1,92,500 × 0.20

⇒ Total Cost = ₹38,500

∴ The correct answer is ₹38,500.

Additional Information

Surface Area of a Sphere

The total surface area of a complete sphere is given by 4πr², which is exactly double that of the curved surface area of a hemisphere.

Total Surface Area of a Hemisphere

If the base of the hemisphere is also included (closed hemisphere), the total surface area is 3πr² (Curved area + Base area).

Volume of a Hemisphere

The volume of a hemisphere is half the volume of a sphere, calculated as V = (2/3)πr³.

Cost Calculation Rule

Always ensure that the units of dimensions (cm, m) and the rate (per cm², per m²) are consistent before performing the final multiplication.

Given:

Speed of A = 4 km/h

Speed of B = 10 km/h

Time delay of B = 5 hours

Concept Used:

We'll use the concept of relative speed to solve this problem. When two entities are moving in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their speeds.

Calculation:

The distance covered by A in the 5 hours before B starts = speed of A × time = 4 km/h × 5 hours = 20 km.

The relative speed of B and A = speed of B - speed of A = 10 km/h - 4 km/h = 6 km/h.

Time it takes for B to catch up to A = distance covered by A / relative speed = 20 km / 6 km/h = 3.33 hours.

Distance where B meets A = speed of B × time = 10 km/h × 3.33 hours = 33.3 km.

Therefore, B meets A 33.3 km from the starting point.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e**. 'Astronomy'**

 Key Points

• The phrase "The study of stars" refers to the scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. (तारों का अध्ययन)
• Example: She is interested in the study of stars and planets.
• "Astronomy" is the scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole, so it is a suitable one-word substitute for the phrase "the study of stars".(ज्योतिर्विज्ञान).
• Example: He has a keen interest in astronomy.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 1'

Additional Information

• Option 2, "Geology" is the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.(भूविज्ञान)
• Option 3, "Astrophysics" is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in the interior of celestial bodies and in interstellar space.(ताराभौतिकी)
• Option 4, "Meteorology" is the scientific study of the atmosphere and its phenomena, especially in relation to weather and weather forecasting.(मौसम विज्ञान)

The correct answer is: "posed innumerable challenges to our education system, and engineering education was no exception."

Key Points

• In the original sentence, there is a mismatch in the verb form.
• The subject, "The COVID-19 pandemic," is singular, and the verb "pose" is in its base form, which is incorrect.
• The verb "pose" is a regular verb, and its past tense is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form. In this case, "pose" becomes "posed" in the past tense.
• The sentence is describing a past event—the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to the education system.
• Therefore, using the past tense ("posed") is more appropriate to convey the timing of the action.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Corrected sentence: The COVID-19 pandemic posed innumerable challenges to our education system, and engineering education was no exception.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Looted'

 Key Points

• The word "Burgled" refers to forcing an entry into a building or premises with the intent to commit an offence, especially theft.(चोरी करना)
• Example: Their house was burgled while they were on holiday.
• The word "Looted" means steal goods from (a place), typically during a war or riot. It's a synonym of 'burgled'.(लूटना)
• Example: The invaders looted the town.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 4'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "Burnt" refers to something that is destroyed or badly damaged by fire. (जलाया हुआ)
• Option 2, "Rooted" means establish deeply and firmly.(जड़ देना)
• Option 3, "Arrived" means to come to a place at the end of a journey or a stage in a journey. (पहुँचना)

The correct answer is 'is acquiring serious dimensions is noise pollution.'

 Key Points

• The phrase in question is ‘is acquiring serious dimensions was noise pollution.'
• The verb 'was' in the underlined segment should be replaced with 'is' to make the sentence grammatically consistent and meaningful.
• The correct phrase should be 'is acquiring serious dimensions is noise pollution,' implying that noise pollution is a new kind of pollution that is currently gaining serious dimensions.
• Options 1 and 4 both use 'have been' and 'have,' which are incorrect in this context as pollution in the phrase is singular.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Correct Sentence: A new kind of pollution that is acquiring serious dimensions is noise pollution.

 Additional Information

• Noise pollution is an emerging environmental issue. It is caused by high levels of noise, often from human activities, that can result in harmful effects on human and animal life.
• This question highlights the importance of verb agreement in English grammar, particularly the agreement between a verb and its subject in number and tense.

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Playing'

 Key Points

• The word "Toying" refers to move or handle (an object) absently or nervously, typically a small object or something one wears(खिलौने के साथ खेलना)
• Example: She was toying with her necklace during the interview.
• The word "Playing" describes the action of engaging in an activity for enjoyment and recreation rather than a serious or practical purpose, which correlates with 'toying'. (खेलना)
• Example: Kids were playing in the park.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 4'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "Licking" refers to passing the tongue over something in order to taste, moisten, or clean it.(चाटना)
• Option 2, "Going" refers to move from one place to another; travel. (जा रहा है).
• Option 3, "Dancing" means moving rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps. ("नाचना)

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'In danger of death or serious injury'

 Key Points

• The idiom "Risk life and limb" is used to refer to a situation where someone is putting themselves in a dangerous situation where they could die or get seriously hurt. (मौत या गंभीर चोट के आसार होना)
• Example: Firefighters often risk life and limb to save others.
• The phrase "In danger of death or serious injury" accurately reflects the meaning of this idiom. (मृत्यु या गंभीर चोट का खतरा)
• Example: The man, who was hanging from a tall building, was in danger of death or serious injury.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 3'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "Something that happened unexpectedly" refers to an event or occurrence which takes place without warning or preparation.(कुछ जो अनपेक्षित रूप से हुआ)
• Option 2, "Seriously ill" refers to a state of poor or weakened health condition.(गंभीर रूप से बीमार)
• Option 4, "Making unnecessary fuss" refers to a display of unnecessary excitement or concern about something relatively unimportant.(बेनियाजी शोर शराबा)

The correct answer is 'Surrender.'

 Key Points

• Vanquish means to defeat thoroughly, especially in a competition or conflict. (विशेषकर प्रतियोगिता या संघर्ष में पूरी तरह से हराना।)
• Example Sentence: The home team vanquished all their opponents in the tournament.
• Surrender in this case would mean to give up or capitulate, the opposite of vanquish. (हार मानना या आत्मसमर्पण करना।)
• Example Sentence: After hours of fighting, the soldier had no choice but to surrender.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• Halt: Bring or come to an abrupt stop. (अचानक रोकना।)
• Finish: Bring (a task or activity) to an end; complete. (किसी कार्य को समाप्त करना; पूरा करना।)
• Stoop: Bend one's head or body forward and downward. (सिर या शरीर को आगे और नीचे झुकाना।)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Greedy'

 Key Points

• The word "Mean" can also be used to describe a person who is stingy or ungenerous.(कंजूस).
• Example: He is too mean to give a single penny to any charity.
• The word "Greedy" is used to describe an excessive or rapacious desire, especially for wealth or possessions. It is a close synonym to 'mean' in this context. (लालची)
• Example: She was greedy for power and fame.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 1'.

 Additional Information

• Option 2, "Unconscious" refers to a state of lack of awareness, not conscious.(बेहोश).
• Option 3, "Mode" refers to a way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced, expressed, or done.(मोड़)
• Option 4, "Wise" means having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment.(बुद्धिमान)

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Antisocial'

 Key Points

• The word "Convivial" refers to an atmosphere or event that is friendly, lively, and enjoyable. It means 'cheerful and friendly';(आनंदित)
• Example: The party was convivial and everyone enjoyed it.
• The word "Antisocial" refers to a person who avoids socializing or is unfriendly. It is the opposite of 'convivial'.(असामाजिक)
• Example: He was being antisocial and refused to attend the party.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 2'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "Affable" means friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to.(मिलनसार)
• Option 3, "Hospitable" means friendly and welcoming to visitors or guests.(मेहमान नवाज़).
• Option 4**, "Lively"** means full of life and energy; active and outgoing. (जीवंत)

The correct answer is: The collector is the district magistrate in administration.

Key Points

• Let's break down the sentence by analyzing the words along with its meaning:
• Collector: In this context, "collector" refers to an official, often a government officer, responsible for collecting taxes or other dues.
• District: It refers to an administrative division or an area with specific boundaries, often used in the context of government or geography.
• Magistrate: A "magistrate" is a civil officer with the power to administer and enforce the law, often at a local level.
• Administration: "Administration" refers to the process or activity of managing and organizing the affairs of an organization or government.
• All the words are spelt correctly, and there are no issues related to spelling accuracy or consistency.

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Imitate or emulate someone in a particular way'

 Key Points

• The idiom "Take a leaf out of your book" means to copy something that someone else does because it will bring one advantages.
• Example: I decided to take a leaf out of your book and start early morning jogging.
• The phrase "Imitate or emulate someone in a particular way" accurately captures the meaning of this idiom.(किसी विशेष तरीके से किसी की अनुकरण करना)
• Example: She always tries to imitate her teacher's way of speaking.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 3'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1, "To study very hard" means to apply oneself with a great deal of diligence and effort in learning or understanding a subject.(काफी कठिनाई से पढ़ाई करना)
• Option 2, "A book containing a list of secret contacts" refers to a resource containing a hidden or unpublicized network of associates or acquaintances. (एक पुस्तक जिसमें गुप्त संपर्कों की सूची होती है).
• Option 4**, "Be in somebody's favour or good opinion"** means to be approved or endorsed by someone.(किसी के पक्ष में होना या अच्छी राय रखना)

The correct answer is: Circamference

Key Points

• "Circamference" is not the correct spelling. The correct spelling is "Circumference."
• Circumference refers to the distance around the outer boundary of a circle or any rounded object. (किसी वृत्त या किसी गोल वस्तु की बाहरी सीमा के चारों ओर की दूरी)
• Example: The circumference of the Earth is roughly 40,075 kilometres at the equator.
• ​The error in this case is the substitution of "u" with "a."

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Congruent: In geometry, congruent shapes have the same size and shape. (ज्यामिति में, सर्वांगसम आकृतियों का आकार और आकार समान होता है)
• Democracy: A system of government where power is vested in the people, either directly or through elected representatives. (सरकार की एक प्रणाली जहां सत्ता सीधे या निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधियों के माध्यम से लोगों में निहित होती है)
• Demolish: To completely destroy or bring down a structure or object. (किसी संरचना या वस्तु को पूरी तरह से नष्ट करना या गिराना)

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Outskirts'

 Key Points

• The word "Centre" refers to the middle part or point of something. (केंद्र" or "मध्य)
• Example: They live in the centre of the city.
• The word "Outskirts" is the opposite of 'centre'. It refers to the outer parts of a town or city. (नगर निगम क्षेत्र के बाहरी हिस्से).
• Example: They moved to the outskirts of the city to enjoy a quieter life.

Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Option 1, "Interior" means situated within or inside; relating to the inside; inner.(आंतरिक)
• Option 3, "Middle" refers to the point or part that is equally distant from the sides or the ends or the top and bottom; central.(बीच)
• Option 4, "Downtown" is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart, and is often synonymous with its central business district.(शहर का केंद्रीय क्षेत्र)

The correct answer is: we having at our disposal is

Key Points

• The error is in the use of "we having," and it should be corrected to "we have" for proper subject-verb agreement and tense consistency.
• The correct phrase is "we have" to ensure agreement between the subject ("we") and the verb ("have").
• "Having" implies a continuous action, but in this context, a simple present tense is more appropriate.
• Therefore, "we have" is the correct form.
• The corrected sentence "The immense talent we have at our disposal is impressive to say the least" is clearer and grammatically accurate.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "cattle; kettle".

Key Points

• Let's go through each option:
• Cattle; cattle. This doesn't make sense because tea cannot be served in a cattle, which refers to large domesticated ungulates, a type of animal.
• Kettle; kettle. Also incorrect. Although tea is served in a kettle, the phrase "kettle are the prime resource of a country" does not make much sense. "Kettle" usually refers to a container or device in which water is boiled, having a lid, spout, and a handle.
• Kettle; cattle. This is not logical. Tea is not served in cattle, and "kettle" isn't a prime resource of a country.
• Cattle; kettle. This is the correct option.
• ​Cattle can be considered a prime resource of a country, as they provide milk, meat, and are used for farm labor.
• Also, tea is commonly served in a kettle, which is a container for boiling water and brewing tea.
• So, the sentence would read: "Cattle are the prime resource of a country and a tea is served in a kettle."

The correct answer is: Reckless

Key Points

• Reckless means acting without thinking about the consequences, often in a careless or impulsive manner. (परिणामों के बारे में सोचे बिना कार्य करना, अक्सर लापरवाह या आवेगपूर्ण तरीके से​)
• Example: His reckless driving, weaving in and out of traffic at high speed, led to an accident.
• In the context of accidents, the word "reckless" suggests that these accidents occur due to drivers behaving in a manner that disregards safety and caution, leading to frequent and preventable incidents.

Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Experimental: Involving or based on experiments, testing, or experience to gain knowledge. (ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रयोगों, परीक्षण या अनुभव को शामिल करना या उस पर आधारित होना)
• Careful: Taking heed and paying attention to avoid mistakes or harm; cautious and deliberate in actions. (गलतियों या हानि से बचने के लिए ध्यान रखना और ध्यान देना; कार्यों में सतर्क और विचारशील)
• Rude: Displaying a lack of politeness or consideration for others; impolite or discourteous behaviour. (दूसरों के प्रति विनम्रता या विचारशीलता की कमी प्रदर्शित करना; अभद्र या असभ्य व्यवहार)

The correct answer is: Punishment

Key Points

• Punishment means a penalty inflicted for wrongdoing or a violation of rules, intended to deter or correct behaviour. (गलत कार्य या नियमों के उल्लंघन के लिए दिया गया दंड, जिसका उद्देश्य व्यवहार को रोकना या सही करना है)
• Example: The teacher gave detention as a punishment for the student's disruptive behaviour in class.
• "punishment" is the appropriate word for the blank as it conveys the idea that speed maniacs often evade the legal consequences of their actions, creating a sense of impunity.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Luxury: High-quality living, often associated with comfort, elegance, and abundance. (उच्च गुणवत्ता वाला जीवन, अक्सर आराम, सुंदरता और प्रचुरता से जुड़ा होता है)
• Notice: To observe or become aware of something, often through formal communication. (किसी चीज़ का निरीक्षण करना या उसके प्रति जागरूक होना, अक्सर औपचारिक संचार के माध्यम से)
• Limit: A point or restriction indicating the boundary beyond which something cannot extend or exceed. (सीमा को इंगित करने वाला एक बिंदु या प्रतिबंध जिसके आगे कोई चीज़ बढ़ या बढ़ नहीं सकती)

The correct answer is: Indulge

Key Points

• Indulge means to allow oneself to enjoy something, especially a pleasure or luxury. (स्वयं को किसी चीज़ का आनंद लेने की अनुमति देना, विशेष रूप से किसी आनंद या विलासिता का)
• Example: After a long week of work, she decided to indulge in a relaxing spa day to pamper herself.
• "indulge" is the appropriate word for the blank as it conveys the idea that young people from affluent families willingly and excessively partake in reckless driving, even when they are not eligible for a driving license.

Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Frustrate: Feeling disappointed or discouraged when efforts do not yield the desired results. (जब प्रयासों से वांछित परिणाम नहीं मिलते तो निराश या हतोत्साहित महसूस करना)
• Attack: To engage in aggressive action or violence against someone or something. (किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के विरुद्ध आक्रामक कार्रवाई या हिंसा में संलग्न होना)
• Praise: Expressing approval, admiration, or positive recognition for someone's achievements or qualities. (किसी की उपलब्धियों या गुणों के लिए अनुमोदन, प्रशंसा या सकारात्मक मान्यता व्यक्त करना)

The correct answer is: Lenient

Key Points

• Lenient means showing mercy, tolerance, or a mild punishment; not strict. (दया, सहनशीलता, या हल्की सज़ा दिखाना; सख्त नहीं)
• Example: The judge was lenient in sentencing the first-time offender, giving him a community service order instead of a jail term.
• "lenient" is the appropriate word for the blank as it communicates the idea that the penalties for reckless driving are too mild to be effective in discouraging this behaviour.

Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Plain: Simple or unadorned; lacking embellishments or complexity. (सरल या अलंकृत; अलंकरण या जटिलता का अभाव)
• Furious: Extremely angry or full of intense passion. (अत्यधिक क्रोधित या तीव्र आवेश से भरा हुआ)
• Strong: Possessing great physical power or mental force; having a high degree of strength. (महान शारीरिक शक्ति या मानसिक शक्ति रखने वाला; उच्च स्तर की ताकत होना)

The correct answer is: Aware

Key Points

• Aware means having knowledge or consciousness; being cognizant or mindful of something. (ज्ञान या चेतना होना; किसी चीज़ के प्रति सचेत या जागरूक होना)
• Example: She was aware of the importance of time management, so she carefully planned her schedule to meet deadlines.
• "aware" is the appropriate word for the blank as it underscores the importance of making the public knowledgeable about the consequences of reckless driving.

Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Accuse: To charge someone with a wrongdoing; to claim that someone has committed an offense. (किसी पर गलत काम का आरोप लगाना; यह दावा करने के लिए कि किसी ने अपराध किया है)
• Adhere: To stick or cling to something; to follow or remain loyal to a practice or belief. (किसी चीज़ से चिपकना या चिपटना; किसी प्रथा या विश्वास का पालन करना या उसके प्रति वफादार रहना)
• Avenge: To seek revenge or retaliate, especially on behalf of oneself or others. (बदला लेने या प्रतिशोध लेने के लिए, विशेष रूप से स्वयं या दूसरों की ओर से)

गीता को अचार अच्छी लगती है। वाक्य मे रेखांकित अंश के स्थान पर सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प "अच्छा लगता" होगा। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य - गीता को अचार अच्छी लगती है।
• इस वाक्य में रेखांकित अंश अच्छी लगती का सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प अच्छा लगता  होगा।
• सही वाक्य- गीता को अचार अच्छा लगता है।

Important Points

• लिंग संबंधी अशुद्धि-
• कभी-कभी वाक्यों में लिंग संबंधी गलत प्रयोग किए जाते हैं। ये वाक्य की लिंग संबंधी अशुद्धि कहलाती हैं।
• उदाहरण-
• अशुद्ध- बेटी पराए घर का धन होता है।
• शुद्ध- बेटी पराए घर का धन होती है।

वाक्य के रेखांकित अंश के स्थान पर सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प "लड़ाई" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- बेटों मे युद्ध हो गई।
• इस वाक्य में रेखांकित अंश युद्ध के स्थान पर सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प लड़ाई होगा।
• लड़ाई का अर्थ- आपस में लड़ने का भाव।
• सही वाक्य- बेटों में लड़ाई हो गई।

Important Points

वाक्य में "कालीदास" अशुद्ध वर्तनी वाला शब्द है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- मेघदूतम् महाकवि कालीदास का महत्त्वपूर्ण ग्रंथ है।
• इस वाक्य में कालीदास शब्द अशुद्ध वर्तनी वाला शब्द है।
• कालीदास अशुद्ध वर्तनी है। शुद्ध वर्तनी कालिदास है।
• सही वाक्य-  मेघदूतम् महाकवि कालिदास का महत्त्वपूर्ण ग्रंथ है।

Important Pointsअन्य उदाहरण-

जो पहले न हुआ हो’ इस वाक्यांश के लिए सार्थक शब्द "अपूर्व" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• जो पहले न हुआ हो- अपूर्व।

अन्य विकल्प- 

Important Pointsअन्य महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण-

वह स्थान जहाँ स्थायी महत्त्व की वस्तुओं का संग्रह हो  वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द "संग्रहालय" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वह स्थान जहाँ स्थायी महत्त्व की वस्तुओं का संग्रह हो - संग्रहालय।

अन्य विकल्प - 

Important Pointsअन्य महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण- 

अविचल का विलोम "जड़" नहीं है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• अविचल का अर्थ- जो विचलित न हो।
• जड़ का अर्थ- नींव या कोई भी अचेतन पदार्थ।
• अतः अविचल का विलोम जड़ नहीं होगा।
• डाॅवाडोल, ढुलमुल, विकल अविचल का विलोम है।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य विलोम शब्द- 

वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के उचित पर्यायवाची शब्द "हस्ति" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- यह हाथी विशालकाय है।
• इस वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द हाथी का सही पर्यायवाची हस्ति है।
• हाथी के अन्य पर्यायवाची- गज, गजराज, गजेन्द्र, कुंजर, हस्ती, मदकल, मतंग, गयन्द आदि।

अन्य विकल्प- 

सर्वनाम सम्बन्धी अशुद्धि वाक्य "तुम तेरा घर स्वयं खुद संभालो" में है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- तुम तेरा घर स्वयं खुद संभालो।
• इस वाक्य में सर्वनाम’ सम्बन्धी अशुद्धि है।
• सही वाक्य- तुम अपना घर स्वयं संभालो।

Important Points

• सर्वनाम’ सम्बन्धी अशुद्धि- 
• सर्वनाम में पुरुष, लिंग, वचन, आदि के अनुचित प्रयोग से वाक्य में होने वाली अशुद्धि।
• अशुद्ध- मैं स्वयं खुद वहाँ जाना चाहता हूँ।
• शुद्ध - मैं स्वयं वहाँ जाना चाहता हूँ।

वाक्य के रिक्त स्थान के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त मुहावरा "अंधेरे मुँह" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points 

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहवारें-