SSC CHSL Tier-1 2022: Official Paper (Held On: 16 March, 2023 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

1. ABC → A + 1 = B; B + 1 = C
2. JKL → J + 1 = K; K + 1 = L
3. RTU → R + 2 = T; T + 1 = U
4. FGH → F + 1 = G; G + 1 = H

Hence, 'RTU' is the correct answer.

The mirror image of the given figure is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: All three are the capital cities of any country.

⇒ In Options (1, 3, 4), all three items are capital cities of countries. In Option 2, Tokyo and Oslo are capital cities (of Japan and Norway, respectively), but Egypt is a country, not a city. The capital of Egypt is Cairo.

Here, we can see that Option 2 doesn't follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "(Tokyo, Egypt, Oslo)".

The total number of teachers are:

= (16 + 4 + 8 + 9) = 37

Hence, the correct answer is "37".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number written from right to left gives the second number.

1. 51624 – 42615 → 51624 written from right to left is 42615. 2. 51678 – 87615 → 51678 written from right to left is 87615. 3. 42675 – 57624 → 42675 written from right to left is 57624. 4. 12311 – 11231 → 12311 written from right to left is 11321.

Hence, '12311 – 11231' is the correct answer.

The mirror image of the given figure is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

1. 1286 – 2578 → (1286 × 2) + 1 = 2572 + 1 = 2573 ≠ 2578 2. 3294 – 6589 → (3294 × 2) + 1 = 6588 + 1 = 6589 3. 1324 – 2649 → (1324 × 2) + 1 = 2648 + 1 = 2649 4. 3184 – 6369 → (3184 × 2) + 1 = 6368 + 1 = 6369

Hence, '1286 – 2578' is the correct answer.

The number of quadrilaterals in the figure is shown below:

Hence, '24' is the correct answer.

Let's check each option by interchanging 4 and 6,

1) 2 + 6 × 5 – 4 = 16

→ 2 + 4 × 5 – 6 = 16

→ 2 + 20 – 6 = 16

→ 22 – 6 = 16

→ LHS = RHS.

2) 4 + 5 – 6 = 7

→ 6 + 5 – 4 = 7

→ 11 – 4 = 7

→ LHS = RHS.

3) 6 ÷ 2 – 4 × 5 = –28

→ 4 ÷ 2 – 6 × 5 = –28

→ 2 – 6 × 5 = –28

→ 2 – 30 = –28

→ –28 = –28

→ LHS = RHS.

4)  6 × 3 – 4 ÷ 1 = 3

→ 4 × 3 – 6 ÷ 1 = 3

→ 4 × 3 – 6 = 3

→ 12 – 6 = 3

→ 6 ≠ 3

→ LHS ≠ RHS.

⇒ Here, we can see that only Option 4 is not correct.

⇒ Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

• 'LETTER' is coded as 'RETTEL'

'LETTER' when written from right to left, we get 'RETTEL'.

• 'SYMBOL' is coded as 'LOBMYS'

'SYMBOL' when written from right to left, we get 'LOBMYS'.

Similarly,

• 'RENAISSANCE'

'RENAISSANCE' when written from right to left, we get 'ECNASSIANER'.

Hence, 'ECNASSIANER' is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is shown below:

Conclusion I: Some gold are silver. → Follows (As, All silver are gold)

Conclusion II: Some silver are platinum. → Does not follow (As, All silver are gold and No gold is platinum → No Silver is platinum)

Hence, 'Only I follows' is the correct answer.

Given sequence: ab_a_bba_ _ba

1. abbb → abaa / bbba / bbba 2. aaaa → abaa / abba / aaba 3. bbbb → abba / bbba / bbba 4. baab → abba / abba / abba

• In option 4, 'abba' is repeated.

Hence, 'baab' is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, Saloni is mother-in-law of Sakshi.

Hence, ‘Mother-in-law’ is the correct answer.

Given equation: 74 ÷ 11 – 33 + 42 × 16 =?

After changing the signs: 74 + 11 ÷ 33 × 42 - 16 =?

→ 74 + 11 ÷ 33 × 42 - 16 =?

→ 74 + 1/3 × 42 - 16 =?

→ 74 + 14 - 16 =?

→ 88 - 16 =?

→ 72 =?

⇒ Hence, the correct answer is "72".

The logic followed here is:

⇒ Logic: Second Number = (First Number × 6)

Let's check using the logic,

22 ∶ 132

→ 132 = (22 × 6)

→ 132 = 132

24 ∶ 144

→ 144 = (24 × 6)

→ 144 = 144

? ∶ 72

→ 72 = (? × 6)

→ 72 ÷ 6 =?

→ 12 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "12".

The mirror image of the given figure is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The option figure in which the given figure is embedded is shown below:

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The second word is a place where the actions denoted by the first word is carried out.

Treatment: Hospital

→ Treatment is done in the hospital.

Let's check each option using the logic,

→ Here, we can see that Option 3 follows the logic i.e., Education is done in the school.

Hence, the correct answer is "Education: School".

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'ZDH' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: This sequence represents the progression from the largest unit to the smallest unit. Chapters combine to make up a book, Multiple paragraphs form a chapter, Sentences are grouped to form paragraphs and Individual letters are used to form sentences.

The correct logical order is as follows:

5) Book

4) Chapter

3) Paragraph

1. Sentence

2. Letter

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 4, 3, 1, 2".

The code for each number is shown below:

Clearly, the code for '3' is 'dump'.

Hence, ‘dump’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (2^nd number + 3^rd number) × 2 = first number

• (66, 13, 20) → (13 + 20) × 2 = 33 × 2 = 66
• (298, 80, 69) → (80 + 69) × 2 = 149 × 2 = 298

Similarly,

• (356, 111, 67) → (111 + 67) × 2 = 178 × 2 = 356

Hence, '(356, 111, 67)' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The number of lines are increasing by 1 in the subsequent image of the series. There is only one circle in each image which is hollow in nature.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The word on the left is the capital city of the country on the right side.

Ottawa: Canada

→ Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

Let's check each option as per the logic,

⇒ Here, we can see that only Option 1 follows the order and logic i.e., Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya.

Hence, the correct answer is "Nairobi: Kenya".

The logic followed here is:

623 + 3¹ = 623 + 3 = 626

626 + 32 = 626 + 9 = 635

635 + 33 = 635 + 27 = 662

662 + 34 = 662 + 81 = 743

743 + 35 = 743 + 243 = 986

Hence, '986' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Devprayag.

Key Points

• The Alaknanda River joins the Bhagirathi River at Devprayag in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• Devprayag is located in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India.
• This confluence marks the beginning of the holy river Ganga, which flows downstream through the plains of India.
• Devprayag is considered one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) in Uttarakhand, which holds immense religious significance for Hindus.

Additional Information

• Prayagraj
• It is formerly known as Allahabad, is a city located in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
• It is situated at the confluence of three sacred rivers (Triveni Sangam), the Ganges, the Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati.
• Prayagraj is famous for hosting the Kumbh Mela, the largest religious gathering in the world.
• Champawat
• It is a district of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• It was once the capital of the Kumaon Kingdom.
• The Baleshwar Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is a prominent attraction and other notable temples of Champawat include the Kranteshwar Mahadev Temple and the Nagnath Temple.
• This district also has Champawat Wildlife Sanctuary and the Nanda Devi National Park.
• ​Dehradun
• It serves as the capital city of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• Dehradun acts as a gateway to popular hill stations like Mussoorie and Dhanaulti, offering breathtaking views and a pleasant climate.
• Dehradun houses institutions such as the Indian Military Academy (IMA) and various government offices, contributing to its importance in defence and administration.
• The city is renowned for its prestigious educational institutions, including top boarding schools and the Forest Research Institute.

The correct answer is 5 hours 30 minutes.

Key Points

• Indian Standard Time (IST) is ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) by 5 hours 30 minutes.
• IST is calculated based on the 82.5°E longitude, which passes through Mirzapur, near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.
• The city of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, is situated on the longitude reference line of 82.5°E, making it the reference point for calculating Indian Standard Time.
• The CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in New Delhi is responsible for maintaining and recording time in India. It utilizes five caesium atomic clocks for accurate timekeeping.

Additional Information

• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
• It is a time standard based on the location of the prime meridian at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, England.
• GMT serves as the basis for the division of the world into different time zones. It is used as a reference point to determine the time offset in relation to the prime meridian.
• GMT is often used interchangeably with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC is a more precise and scientifically accurate time standard that incorporates leap seconds to account for Earth's irregular rotation.
• GMT was historically used as the international civil time standard, particularly during the era of maritime navigation. It allowed for uniformity in timekeeping across different regions of the world.

The correct answer is Salman Rushdie.

Key Points

• The book ‘Languages of Truth: Essays 2003-2020’ is written by Salman Rushdie.
• He is a renowned British-Indian author known for "Midnight's Children" and the controversial novel "The Satanic Verses."
• Languages of Truth: Essays 2003-2020 is a collection of essays written by Rushdie over seventeen years, exploring literature, politics, culture, and personal experiences.
• He has also won the Booker Prize for "Midnight's Children". ​

Additional Information

• Vikram Sampath
• He is an Indian author, historian, and musician known for his contributions in the field of literature and historical research.
• He is also the author of acclaimed books such as "Splendours of Royal Mysore: The Untold Story of the Wodeyars" and "My Name is Gauhar Jaan! The Life and Times of a Musician."
• He accomplished classical musician specializing in Indian classical vocals, particularly in the Kirana gharana tradition.
• Founded the Archive of Indian Music, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting India's rich musical heritage.

The correct answer is high, 210.

Key Points

• Cotton thrives in high temperatures, which promotes optimal growth and development.
• It requires light rainfall or proper irrigation to provide the necessary moisture for its growth.
• Cotton cultivation requires a significant number of frost-free days, typically around 210, to ensure the plant's survival and uninterrupted growth.
• Bright sunshine is crucial for cotton plants as they require ample sunlight for photosynthesis, which is essential for their growth and the production of cotton fibres.

Additional Information

• Kharif crops
• Kharif Crops are planted at the onset of the South-West monsoon, primarily in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, during the rainy season.
• The sowing of these crops takes place between the months of June and July.
• Upon reaching maturity, typically in October, these crops are harvested in the Autumn season.
• Examples of Kharif crops include rice, cotton, corn, sugarcane, turmeric, pigeon pea, and more.
• Rabi crops
• Rabi Crops are cultivated during the winter season in regions with a subtropical climate.
• They include important crops like wheat, barley, oats, chickpeas, and peas.
• The Sowing of Rabi crops takes place between October and December.
• These crops require cooler temperatures and lesser rainfall compared to Kharif crops.
• Rabi crops play a crucial role in ensuring food security and contribute significantly to the agricultural economy.
• Zaid crops
• Zaid Crops are grown during the summer season in regions with a tropical climate.
• These crops are typically cultivated between the months of March and June.
• Zaid crops are known for their quick growth and shorter duration compared to Kharif and Rabi crops.
• Examples of Zaid crops include cucumber, watermelon, bitter gourd, and cowpea.
• These crops are often irrigated using modern techniques and are harvested before the onset of the monsoon season.

The correct answer is  Sesamoids.

Key Points

• Sesamoids are small, round bones embedded within certain tendons, primarily found in the hands, feet, and knee joints.
• They provide mechanical support, improve joint stability, and assist in transmitting forces in the body.
• Prominent sesamoid bones include the patella (kneecap), two sesamoids located under the big toe (tibial and fibular sesamoids), and sesamoids in the hand's flexor tendons.
• Sesamoids act as protective cushions, reducing friction and stress on the tendons they are associated with.

Additional Information

• Cardiac Muscles
• ​​These are specialized muscle tissue found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
• Cardiac muscles are involuntarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, ensuring continuous and rhythmic contractions.
• Its cells have a striated or striped appearance due to the arrangement of contractile proteins.
• The unique features of cardiac muscle, intercalated discs, allow cells to communicate and synchronize contractions for efficient pumping action.
• Cardiac muscle exhibits exceptional endurance and fatigue resistance, enabling the heart to continuously perform its pumping function.
• Skeletal Muscles
• These muscles attached to the skeleton enable body movements and provide structural support.
• Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, allowing individuals to initiate and control their movements.
• They not only enable movement but also help maintain posture, stabilize joints, and generate body heat.
• Skeletal muscles are connected to bones through **tough, fibrous connective tissues called tendons.**​
• Smooth Muscles
• These are involuntary muscles found in the walls of organs, blood vessels, and other structures throughout the body.
• Smooth muscles are not under conscious control and are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
• Smooth muscle cells lack the striped appearance of striated muscles, as they do not have organized sarcomeres.
• They contract and relax slowly, providing sustained contractions for processes like digestion and blood vessel constriction.
• These muscles are often arranged in layers, allowing for coordinated contractions that help propel substances through organs and regulate blood flow.

The correct answer is Indira Gandhi.

Key Points

• Indira Gandhi is known as the "Iron Lady of India" and she was the first women Prime Minister of India.
• First Rajya Sabha member to become the PM.
• Indira Gandhi born was on 19^th November 1917 in Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh and her birthday is celebrated as 'National Integration Day.
• The first woman got Bharat Ratna in 1971.
• Longest Serving Chairperson ;of Planning Commission.
• She raised the slogan 'Garibi Hatao' (Remove Poverty).
• She was the PM who Nationalised 14 banks in 1969 and 6 banks in 1980.
• India's 'Iron Lady' Indira Gandhi was assassinated on the morning of 31 October 1984.
• The murder was carried out by his 'Sikh bodyguards' Satwant Singh and Beant Singh.
• This assassination took place after 'Operation Blue Star' carried out by the Indian Army at the behest of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
• Resting place - Shaktisthal

Additional Information

• Mary Kom-
• Mary Kom is an Indian Olympic boxer.
• Mary Kom was born in Kangathei village, Moirang Lamkhai in the Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in India.
• She was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 2020.
• She became the first Indian female boxer to win a gold medal in the Asian Games in 2014 at Incheon, South Korea, and is the first Indian female boxer to win gold at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
• Deepika Padukone-
• Deepika Padukone is an Indian film actress.
• She is the founder of the "Live Love Laugh Foundation", which creates awareness of mental health in India.
• First Bollywood movie of Deepika Padukone is "Om shanti om".
• Lata Mangeshkar-
• She was an Indian playback singer and music director.
• She was honored with The Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1989.
• She was awarded the Bharat Ratna, (2001) India's highest civilian honor.
• Mangeshkar was born in Indore on 28 September 1929.
• She breathed her last at Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai on 6 February 2022 (Sunday), at the age of 92.

The correct answer is Ganga and Son.

Key Points

• Magadha became the most important Mahajana Pada in about two hundred years.
• The Ganga and Son Rivers flowed through Magadha.
• Magadha empire was established on the bank of the river Ganges and was bounded by the river Son on the west.
• Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in Bihar.
• The First capital of Magadha was Rajagriha.
• The first ruling dynasty of Magadha was the Haryak dynasty.
• Bimbasar ruled Magadha Empire for almost 52 years.
• Magadha finds mention in the Atharva Veda which conveys that Magadha was semi-Brahmanical habitation.
• Later, Magadha became a center of Jainism and the first Buddhist Council was held in Rajagriha.

Additional Information

• Narmada and Tapi-
• It originates from Satpura ranges in Madhya Pradesh.
• Both flow in the east-to-west direction.
• Tapi is known as twin or handmade of the Narmada river.
• The total length of Narmada is 1312 km and the Tapi river is 724 km.
• Krishna and Tungabhadra-
• Krishna River originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar.
• The Krishna River extends over the states of  Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka and finally empties into the Bay of Bengal.
• Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Tungabhadra, Bhima, and Musi are a few important tributaries.
• The Tungabhadra River is formed by the confluence of the Tunga River and the Bhadra River at Koodli, Karnataka.
• The Tungabhadra finally joins the Krishna River near Sangameswaram village in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh.

The correct answer is Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Key Points

• The Union Health Ministry has released the new draft ‘Drug, Medical Devices, and Cosmetics Bill-2022’.
• The Bill seeks to replace the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 with an updated law laying down strict regulatory guidelines to keep pace with changing needs and technology.
• Salient Feature of the bill:-
• A new definition of Medical devices and setting up of the regulatory body.
• Broaden the regulation on the Import of medical devices.
• Regulation Of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) products.
• Clinical trial
• Online pharmacy
• Offence and penalties

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Dot Matrix Printer.

Key Points

• Printer is an output device.
• Dot matrix printers, also known as pin printers, are the most popular type of impact printer.
• These printers have a matrix of pins on their print heads to create characters or graphics.
• Dot-matrix printers usually have 9 to 24 pins in the print head.
• Dot-matrix printers are cheap and usually print 100–600 characters per second.

Additional Information

• Drum Printer-
• Drum printer is a type of impact printer.
• The drum printer consists of a rotating cylindrical drum with a circular band of characters on its surface.
• In particular, the surface is divided into tracks equal to the size of the supported printing paper.
• Drum Printer printing speed is quite fast ( 300 - 2,000 lines per minute), they make a lot of noise.
• Laser Printer-
• Laser printers are non-impact printers, typically using laser or non-impact photocopier technology to produce the dots needed to print text or images on paper.
• Laser printers can produce extremely high-resolution prints.
• This can vary from 300 dpi (Dots Per Inch) to 1200 dpi depending on system capacity and memory availability.
• Chain Printer-
• Chain printer is a type of impact printer.
• The chain printer consists of a revolving chain with characters set on its surface. These printers typically have a character set of 48, 64, or 96 characters.
• Chain printer can print 300 - 500 lines of characters per minute.

The correct answer is Reverse Osmosis.

Key Points

• Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Reverse Osmosis, commonly referred to as RO.
• Osmosis is a process where a weaker saline solution will tend to migrate to a strong saline solution
• Examples of osmosis are when plant roots absorb water from the soil and our kidneys absorb water from our blood.
• Reverse Osmosis is the process of Osmosis in reverse.
• Whereas Osmosis occurs naturally without energy required, to reverse the process of osmosis you need to apply energy to the more saline solution.

Additional Information

• Boiling-
• Boiling is the process by which a liquid turns into a vapour when it is heated to its boiling point.
• The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
• The boiling point of water is 373 K (or 100 ° C).
• Distillation-
• Distillation refers to the selective boiling and subsequent condensation of a component in a liquid mixture.
• It is a separation technique that can be used to either increase the concentration of a particular component in the mixture.
• Filtration-
• Filtration is technically defined as the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid.
• By causing the latter to pass through the pores of a membrane, called a filter.

The correct answer is Bankruptcy.

Key Points

• The legal status of an entity or a person where the debt owed to the creditors cannot be repaid is known as Bankruptcy.
• It is important to note that bankruptcy is not synonymous with insolvency.
• Insolvency is a state of financial distress in which a business or person is unable to pay its bills or debts.
• The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) is the bankruptcy law of India which seeks to consolidate the existing framework by creating a single law for insolvency and bankruptcy.

Additional Information

The correct answer is the Internet.

Key Points

• The full name of the Internet is International Network.
• The Internet is a globally connected network system that is used to exchange information from one computer to another through using the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol).
• Due to the utility of the internet, this era is called the era of communication revolution.
• America's Vint Gray Cerf is called the father of the Internet.

Additional Information

• Web Browser-
• A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the WWW (World Wide Web).
• he commonly used web browsers including Google Chrome, Edge, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
• Laptop-
• Laptop computers, also known as notebooks, are portable computers that you can take with you and use in different environments.
• Osborne 1, the first commercially successful portable computer (Laptop).
• Laptop is invented by Adam Osborne.
• Server-
• A server is a computer, equipped with specific programs and /or hardware, to enable it to offer services to other computers (clients) on its network (connected to it).
• There are different types of servers: web servers, file servers, application servers, print servers, etc.

The correct answer is Leila Seth.

Key Points

• Leila Seth was an Indian judge who served as the first woman judge on the Delhi High Court and became the first woman to become Chief Justice of a state High Court, Himachal Pradesh High Court, on 5 August 1991.
• She was also the first woman to be designated senior counsel by the Supreme Court of India.
• Justice Fathima M. Beevi was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bihu Songs.

Key Points

• Bihu songs are the most famous among music lovers in Assam and are based on themes like Assamese new year, farmers' daily life, love, and more.
• Bihu music is played with instruments like dhol, mohor singor Pepe, cymbal, a bamboo instrument called gogona and a clapper made from bamboo known as toka.
• Bihu music is reflective of the Oriental influence on Assam's folk music.
• It is an absolute delight to sit and listen to heart-touching Bihu songs during the Bihu festival when the entire state is in a celebratory mood.
• The talented musicians of the state have been following this traditional form of music for generations and listening to them sing in joy is an unmatched experience for every tourist

Important Points

• Bihu is one of the major festivals of Assam.
• There are three forms of Bihu.
• Bohag Bihu or Rangoli Bihu in April.
• Magh or Bhogali Bihu in January.
• Kati or Kongali Bihu in October/November.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Article 14.

Key Points

• In Part III of the Constitution, between Articles 12 to 35, the six fundamental rights have been given to the citizens.
• Article 14 - It provides the right to equality before the law.
• This right of equality applies to all foreigners and Indians.

Important PointsFundamental rights and its article-

• Right to Equality (Article 14 - 18)
• Right to Freedom (Article 19 - 22)
• Right against Exploitation (Article 23 - 24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25 - 28)
• Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29 - 30)
• Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1954.

Key Points

• The Special Marriage Act, 1954 is an Act of the Parliament of India with provision for civil marriage (registered marriage) for people of India and all Indian nationals in foreign countries, irrespective of the religion or faith followed by either party.
• The Special Marriage Act, 1954 replaced the old Act III, 1872. The new enactment had three major objectives:

1. To provide a special form of marriage in certain cases,
2. To provide for the registration of certain marriages and,
3. To provide for divorce

Additional Information

• The Hindu Marriage Act is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1955.
• Three other important acts were also enacted as part of the Hindu Code Bills during this time: the Hindu Succession Act (1956), the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (1956), and the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956).
• The main purpose of the act was to amend and codify the law relating to marriage among Hindus and others.
• The act applies to Hindus by religion in any of its forms and Hindus within the extended meaning i.e. Buddhist, Jains, or Sikh, and, in fact, applies to all such persons domiciled in the country who are not Muslims, Christians, Parsi, or Jew, unless it is proved that such persons are not governed by the Act under any custom or usage.
• The Government of India brought the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA) in 2006, and it came into effect on 1 November 2007.
• The object of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act is to prohibit the solemnization of child marriage and connected and incidental matters. To ensure that child marriage is eradicated from within society, the Government of India enacted the Prevention of Child Marriage Act 2006 by replacing the earlier legislation of Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929.
• The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, passed on 28 September 1929, in the Imperial Legislative Council of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years. In 1949, after India's independence, it was amended to 15 for girls, and in 1978 to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It is popularly known as the Sarda Act

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Government Securities-
• A Government Security (G-Sec) is a tradable instrument issued by the federal or state governments. (Hence, statement I is correct)
• Government Securities are of two types-
• Short term: With original maturities of less than one year. They are currently issued in three tenures: 91 days, 182 days, and 364 days. Example- Treasury Bills.
• Long-term: With original maturity of one year or more. Example- Government bonds (dated securities).
• Treasury bills and bonds, also known as dated securities, are both issued by the central government.
• State governments issue only bonds or dated securities, which are known as State development loans.
• They are known as Risk-free gilt-edged instruments because they are issued by the government and hence there is no danger of default. (Hence, statement II is correct)
• FPIs (Foreign Portfolio Investment) are authorized to trade in G-Secs as long as they stay within the quantitative limits that are set from time to time.
• The Reserve Bank of India has allowed retail investors to invest in G-Secs from November 2021.

Important Points

• RBI-
• RBI was established in India on 1^st April, in Kolkata in 1935 under the Reserve Bank Of India Act, 1934.
• It was set up on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission.
• RBI is the central bank of India and is responsible for the issue and supply of Indian currency.

The correct answer is the Government of India Act of 1935.

Key PointsGovernment of India Act of 1935-

• It provided for a new system of government for the provinces on the basis of provincial autonomy.
• Abolished Dyarchy in the provinces and introduced provincial autonomy.
• It provided for the adoption of Dyarchy at the center in which the federal subjects were divided into reserved and transferred subjects.
• It provided for the establishment of an all-India Federation
• They divided the powers between the center and states based on three lists- Federal list, provincial list, and concurrent list.
• Residuary powers were given to the viceroy.

Additional Information

• Government of India Act, 1892
• The Indian Council Act of 1892 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that empowered legislative councils in British India by increasing their size which laid the foundation of the Parliamentary system in India.
• The Act received royal assent on 20^th June 1892.
• Charter Act of 1853-
• Charter Act of 1853 was the last Charter Act passed for the East India Company.
• The Charter Act of 1853 provided for the appointment of a new Governor, distinct from the Governor-General, for the Presidency of Bengal.
• The Charter Act; of 1853 provided for the creation of the Governor General's Council for legislative purposes.
• Indian Independence Act of 1947
• In 1947, the Indian Independence Act was passed. India and Pakistan became separate nations as a result of the act.
• The Act abolished the usage of the title "Emperor of India" for the British Crown, as well as any previous treaties with princely nations.
• Lord Mountbatten remained Governor-General, and Jawaharlal Nehru was named India's first Prime Minister.
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah was named Governor-General of Pakistan, and Liaquat Ali Khan was named Prime Minister.

The correct answer is Only II.

Key Points

• Mirabai Chanu and Sanket Sargar both are related to the weightlifting sport.
• In Commonwealth Games 2022 Mirabai Chanu wins India’s first gold medal in weightlifting.
• Mirabai Chanu won gold in the women’s 49- kilogram event.
• Sanket Sargar has clinched a silver medal in the men’s 55 kg category.

Important Points

• Birmingham City has been chosen to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
• The 2022 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Birmingham 2022.
• It is an; international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that is scheduled to be held in Birmingham, England.
• This is to be the third time England has hosted the Games after London in 1934 and Manchester in 2002.
• The 2022 Commonwealth Games were held in Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022.
• India finished fourth in the medals tally with 61 medals comprising 22 gold, 16 silver and 23 bronze in the event.
• India bagged a total of 12 medals in wrestling, the most in any sport in the 2022 Games.
• Australia won the most medals 178 with 67 gold medals
• 2026 Commonwealth Games will be held in Victoria, Australia.

The correct answer is north-western.

Key PointsWithdrawal of monsoon

• The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in the north-western states of India by early September.
• By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula.
• By early December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the country.
• The withdrawal, takes place progressively from north to south from the first week of December to the first week of January.
• By this time the rest of the country is already under the influence of the winter monsoon.
• The months of October and November are known for retreating monsoons.
• By the end of September, the southwest monsoon becomes weak as the low-pressure trough of the Ganga plain starts moving southward in response to the southward march of the sun.

Important Points

• Indian Monsoon-
• The word ‘ monsoon’ is believed to have originated from the Arabic word for season.
• India receives the bulk of its rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon season.
• During the southwest monsoon period, the moisture Laden winds blow from sea to land.
• Intense low-pressure formation over the Tibetan Plateau because of intense heating during the summer season; **permanent high-pressure cell in the South of the Indian Ocean (**East to Northeast of Madagascar in summer) is the main reason for Southwest Monsoon.
• Southwest monsoon winds bring heavy rainfall to most parts of the country.
• Factors influencing the onset of; monsoons
• Intense low-pressure formation over the Tibetan Plateau
• The permanent high-pressure cell in the South of the Indian Ocean
• Subtropical jet stream
• African Easterly jet (Tropical easterly jet)
• Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

The correct answer is Karnam Malleswari

Key Points

• Karnam Malleswari:-​
• She is an Indian weightlifter and is now retired.
• She won silver in World Championship, Istanbul in 1994 and Asian Weightlifting Championship, Korea in 1995.
• She was the two-time weightlifting champion with 11 Gold medals out of 29 international medals before the Olympics.
• In the 2000, Sydney Olympics she won a Bronze medal and become first and only Indian women weightlifter to win Olympics.
• She also awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1995, Arjuna Award in 1994 and Padma Shri in 1999.
• 2000 Summer Olympics:-
• The 2000 Summer Olympics was an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The United States topped the medal table, followed by Russia and China.

Additional Information

• Mirabai Chanu:-​
• Saikhom Mirabai Chanu is a weightlifter who hails from Manipur, India.
• She competed in the women’s 49-kilogram division at the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020 and earned the silver medal.
• Because of her hard work and dedication to the sport, the government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri award in 2018.
• In 2018, the Government of India honoured her with Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna for her achievements in the athletic world.
• Neelam Setti Laxmi:-
• She is ​s an Indian female weightlifter, competing in the 69 kg category and representing India at international competitions.
• She competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships.
• She also won two silver medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
• Nameirakpam Kunjarani Devi:-
• She is the most decorated Indian Sportswoman in Weightlifting, in the category of 48kg.
• She holds the rank of Commandant in the CRPF and also worked as nodal officer for the sports team in CRPF.
• She was also awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and Arjuna award for the year 2014.
• She was also the coach of the Indian Weightlifting in Common Wealth Games 2014 in Glasgow.

The correct answer is Chikal Kalo.

Key Points

• Chikal Kalo:-
• It is celebrated on the 12^th day of the month of Ashadh that roughly falls in the 2^nd or 3^rd week of July.
• The festival celebrates the naughty nature of Bal Krishna or the Baby Krishna.
• On this day, every male – from a toddler to a senior citizen becomes a little Krishna.

Additional Information

• Sarhul:-
• The people of Uraon tribes celebrate the festival of Sarhul.
• Sarhul literally related to the Sal tree.
• When the Sal tree gets a new flower in the spring season, Sarhul is celebrated.
• It is a worship of the local village deity.
• More than 30 tribes of India celebrate the Sarhul festival.
• Karma:-
• Karma festival is a harvest festival.
• Karma festival is held on the 11^th day of a full moon (Purnima) of the Hindu month of Bhadrab.
• Ladainha:-
• Ladainha or Ladin is a thanksgiving ritual among the Christians of Goa.
• The Ladin which literally means a litany to the Virgin Mary, is a religious function of thanksgiving to god for material and spiritual benefits that have accrued or are sought for, by the persons sponsoring the Ladin.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Penalty kick:-
• The penalty as a format of punishment for an infringement of the rules of the game was introduced for the first time in 1891.
• Players other than the goalkeeper that handled the ball within twelve yards of the goal line, or who committed foul play at the same distance, would have a penalty kick given against them.
• A penalty kick in football:​
• The penalty-kick shootout to decide a match consists of a minimum of 5 penalty kicks.
• It is to be taken by each of the two teams from the penalty spot (8 yards from the goal line in the case of half-pitch play, 10 yards in the case of a full-pitch play).
• The referee decides by the flip of a coin which team begins. (Hence pair I is incorrect)
• Handball:-
• Fieldball or handball is, a game played between two teams.
• The game has 7 or 11 players who try to throw or hit an inflated ball into a goal at either end of a rectangular playing area while preventing their opponents from doing so.
• Boxing:-
• Boxing is a combat sport in which two people wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring.
• Depiction of boxing comes from a Sumerian relief in Iraq from the 3^rd millennium BC.
• Boxers are prohibited from hitting below the belt, holding, tripping, pushing, biting, or spitting.
• Greco-Roman Wrestling
• Greco-Roman wrestling is an older style of wrestling that prohibits the use of the legs in offense and defense.
• Greco-Roman wrestling has been an Olympic sport since 1896.  (Hence pair II is incorrect)

Additional Information

• Terms related to boxing:- 

The correct answer is Vitamin B1.

Key Points

• Beriberi:-
• It is a nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of Thiamine (vitamin B1).
• It is an acute, progressive neuropathy with impairment of both superficial and deep sensation and motor weakness.
• It is characterized by impairment of the nerves and heart.
• The term beriberi is derived from the Sinhalese word meaning “extreme weakness.”
• General symptoms include loss of appetite and overall lassitude, digestive irregularities, and a feeling of numbness and weakness in the limbs and extremities.
• It targets and destroys heart muscles, nerve fibers, and the brain.
• Vitamin B1:-
• ​Sources include:- Seafood, milk, meat, peas, cereals, green vegetables
• It is useful in Growth and development, releasing energy from carbohydrates​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Operation Ganga.

Key Points

• Operation Ganga:-​
• It is the initiative launched by the government of India to bring back Indians stranded in Ukraine.
• It has also set up 24×7 control centers to assist in the evacuation of Indians through the border crossing points with Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovak Republic.
• A Twitter handle, ‘OpGanga Helpline’, has also been dedicated to the mission, where all information regarding evacuation process and advisories of embassies are shared to keep everyone up-to-date.
• Many students who reached Ukraine’s borders with Poland and Romania have not been allowed to enter those nations.
• The government had identified an alternate train route to help evacuate the students, from Uzhhorod in western Ukraine to Budapest, Hungary’s capital city.
• Under this operation, India has decided to send four Union Ministers to Poland and Romania to oversee the evacuation.

Additional Information

• Operation Devi Shakti:-
• ​Under "Operation Devi Shakti”, a total of 669 people have now been evacuated from Afghanistan.
• This comprises 448 Indians and 206 Afghans, which includes members of the Afghan Hindu/Sikh minority community.
• In view of the challenging humanitarian situation in Afghanistan, the Government of India has dispatched humanitarian assistance consisting of medical supplies on the return flight.
• Operation Maitri:
• It is the rescue and relief operation in Nepal by the Government of India and Indian Armed Forces in the aftershock of the 2015 Nepal earthquake.
• The operation was named Operation Maitri by Indian Army.
• Vande Bharat Mission:-
• It started with the operation of 64 flights from May 7 to May 13 to bring back around 15,000 Indian nationals stranded abroad.
• It turns out to be the largest evacuation operation ever since the 1990 airlift of 1.7 lakh people from Kuwait.

Given:

Distance covered by Kapila = 1200 meters

Time taken = 10 minutes

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Solution:

The speed of Kapila is 1200 meters/10 minutes = 120 meters/minute.

Converting 120 meters/minute to km/hr, we get 120 x (1/60) x (18/5) = 7.2 km/hr.

Therefore, the speed of Kapila is 7.2 km/hr.

Calculation:

The sales for the number of bikes for Hero company in Feburary = 655

The sales for the number of bikes for Hero company in March = 540

Percentage decrease = (655 - 540)/655 × 100 = 17.55

The sales for the number of bikes for Hero company in June = 740

The sales for the number of bikes for Hero company in July = (100 - 17.55)/100 × 740 = 610

The sales for the number of bikes for Hero company in July 61000.

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Calculation:

The sum of the temperatures recorded on all the days

10 + 35 + 20 + 40 + 15 + 45 + 50

215 

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Given:

cot 2A = tan (A - 48°), 

Formula Used:

If tanA = tanB then A = B

If cot A = cot B then A = B

Calculation:

We have cos 2A = tan (A – 48°)

⇒ tan (90° - 2A) = tan (A – 48°), 

⇒ (90° - 2A) = (A – 48°), 

⇒ A = 46°

∴ The measurement of angle  A is 46°.

Given:

PQ is a tangent to the circle, touching it at point Q.

O is the centre of the circle.

∠POQ = 75°

Concept Used:

The tangent at any point makes an angle of 90° with the radius drawn to the point of tangency.

The sum of the angles in a triangle equals 180°.

Calculation:

The tangent at any point makes an angle of 90° with the radius.

Therefore, ∠OQP = 90° (since OQ is the radius and PQ is the tangent at Q).

We need to find the value of ∠OPQ.

However, we know that the sum of the angles in a triangle equals 180°.

So, we have ∠OPQ + ∠OQP + ∠POQ = 180°.

Substituting the given values into the equation, we get:

∠OPQ + 90° + 75° = 180°

∠OPQ = 180° - 90° - 75°

∠OPQ = 15°

So, the value of ∠OPQ is 15°.

Given:

ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR

The perimeter ΔABC = 64 cm

The perimeter ΔPQR = 56 cm

AB = 16 cm

Concept :

The ratio of the perimeter of 2 similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the corresponding sides.

Perimeter of ΔABC/Perimeter of ΔPQR = (AB/PQ) = (BC/QR) = (AC/PR)

Calculation:

ΔABC and ΔPQR are similar so

AB/PQ = (Perimeter of Δ  ABC)/(Perimeter of Δ  PQR)

16/PQ = 64/56

PQ = 14 cm

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Given:

The radius of a circle is 10.5 cm

Concept used:  

Circumference of circle = 2πr, where r = radius

Calculation: 

Circumference = 2 × (22/7) × 10.5 = 66 cm

∴ Circumference (in cm) of a circle is 66 cm.

Given:

We need to find the count of numbers between 201 and 401 that are divisible by 5 but not by 4.

Calculation:

First, we will find the numbers divisible by 5 between 201 and 401.

The smallest number greater than 201 which is divisible by 5 is 205, and the largest number less than 401 which is divisible by 5 is 400.

The formula to find the count of numbers divisible by 'n' between 'a' and 'b' is given by:

((b - a)/n) + 1, provided both 'a' and 'b' are divisible by 'n'.

Therefore, the total numbers divisible by 5 between 205 and 400, both inclusive, are ((400 - 205)/5) + 1 = 40.

The smallest number greater than 205 divisible by 20 (since 20 is the least common multiple of 5 and 4) is 220, and the largest number less than 401 which is divisible by 20 is 400.

Applying the above formula, the total numbers divisible by 20 between 220 and 400, both inclusive, are ((400 - 220)/20) + 1 = 10.

Finally, subtracting the count of numbers divisible by 4 from the total count of numbers divisible by 5, we get the count of numbers divisible by 5 but not by 4.

This is 40 - 10 = 30.

So, there are 30 numbers between 201 and 401 that are divisible by 5 but not by 4.

Given:

$\frac{3}{2}\times\frac{7}{3}\div \frac{7}{6}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{x}$

Calculation:

$\frac{3}{2}\times\frac{7}{3}\div \frac{7}{6}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{x}$

$\frac{3}{2}\times\frac{7}{3}\times \frac{6}{7}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{x}$

$\frac{3}{2}\times 2+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{x}$

$3+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{x}$

13/4 = 1/x

x = 4/13

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

For compound interest over 2 years, the multiplier is the square of the 1-year growth factor.

1-year growth factor = √1.96 = 1.4

Rate of interest = (Growth factor − 1) × 100

Rate = (1.4 − 1) × 100 = 40%

∴ The correct answer is 40%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Let the Principal be P.

Amount (A) after 2 years = 1.96P

Time (t) = 2 years

Formula Used:

A = P(1 + r/100)^t

Calculations:

⇒ 1.96P = P(1 + r/100)²

⇒ 1.96 = (1 + r/100)²

⇒ √1.96 = 1 + r/100

⇒ 1.4 = 1 + r/100

⇒ r/100 = 1.4 − 1

⇒ r/100 = 0.4

⇒ r = 0.4 × 100

⇒ r = 40%

∴ The correct answer is 40%.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Multiplier

The ratio of Amount to Principal for n years is (1 + r/100)ⁿ. To find the 1-year factor, take the n-th root of the total multiplier.

Effective Rate for 2 Years

If the annual rate is r%, the effective interest rate for 2 years compounded annually is given by 2r + r²/100.

Successive Percentage Change

Compound interest follows the concept of successive percentage increase, where the interest for each year is added back to the principal for the next year’s calculation.

Calculation:

The savings for each year, which is Income - Expenditure:

Year A: 350 - 150 = 200

Year B: 250 - 100 = 150

Year C: 200 - 150 = 50

Year D: 400 - 100 = 300

Year E: 150 - 75 = 75

Now, add up all the savings:

200 + 150 + 50 + 300 + 75 = 775

There are 5 years, so to find the average savings, divide the total savings by the number of years:

775/5 = 155

So, the average savings in all years is 155.

Given:

8 boys can complete the work in 48 days.

Formula:

m1d1 = m2d2

Solution:

(8 × 48) = (8 × 24) + 6d

192 = 6 × d

d = 192/6

Time is taken to complete remaining work = 32 days

Therefore, it will take 32 days to complete the remaining work after the 2 boys leave.

Given:

A cyclic quadrilateral MNOP, where ∠M is opposite to ∠O.

2∠O = 3∠M

Concept Used:

In a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of a pair of opposite angles is 180 degrees. 

Calculation:

In a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of a pair of opposite angles is 180 degrees. 

Therefore, ∠M + ∠O = 180 degrees.

Since we know that 2∠O = 3∠M, we can express ∠O in terms of ∠M. Dividing the equation by 2, we get:

∠O = 1.5∠M

Substituting this into the formula ∠M + ∠O = 180 degrees, we get:

∠M + 1.5∠M = 180

2.5∠M = 180

∠M = 180/2.5

∠M = 72 degrees

So, the measure of ∠M is 72 degrees.

Given:

Cost price of each spectacle = Rs. 4,000

Profit on first spectacle = 30%

Loss on second spectacle = 10%

Loss on third spectacle = 10%

Formula used:

Profit = Selling price - Cost price

Loss = Cost price - Selling price

Profit percentage = Profit/Cost price x 100

Loss percentage = Loss/Cost price x 100

Solution:

The profit on the first spectacle is Rs. 4,000 x 30/100 = Rs. 1,200.

The Selling price of the first spectacle is Rs. 4,000 + Rs. 1,200 = Rs. 5200.

The loss on the second spectacle is Rs. 4,000 x 10/100 = Rs. 400.

The Selling price of the second spectacle is Rs. 4,000 - Rs. 400 = Rs. 3,600.

The loss on the third spectacle is Rs. 4,000 x 10/100 = Rs. 400.

The Selling price of the third spectacle is Rs. 4,000 - Rs. 400 = Rs. 3,600.

The total cost of the three spectacles is Rs. 4000 + Rs. 4000 + Rs. 4000 = Rs. 12,000.

The total selling price of the three spectacles is Rs.5200 + Rs. 3,600 + Rs. 3,600 = Rs. 12,400.

The total profit earned in the whole transaction is Rs. 12,400 - Rs. 12,000 = Rs. 400.

The total profit percentage is Rs. 400 /12000 ×  100 = 3.33%

Therefore, the total percentage of profit earned in the whole transaction is 3.33%.

Given:

Sale in first month = Rs. 10,000

Sale in second month = Rs. 7,500

Sale in third month = Rs. 8,000

Sale in fourth month = Rs. 10,500

Average sale in five months = Rs. 9,000

Formula used:

Average = Total/Number of items

Solution:

The total sale in four months is Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 7,500 + Rs. 8,000 + Rs. 10,500 = Rs. 36,000.

The required sale in the fifth month is Rs. 9,000 x 5 - Rs. 36,000 = Rs. 9,000.

Therefore, the shopkeeper must have a sale of Rs. 9,000 in the fifth month so he gets an average sale of Rs. 9,000 in five months.

Calculation:

Production of bike by company M = 350

Production of truck by company M = 200

I. The ratio of production of bike to the production of truck by company M are 7 : 4.

Statement I is correct.

Average production of bike by all companies = (600 + 350 + 400 + 150 + 200)/5 = 1700/5 = 340

Average production of truck by all companies = (400 + 200 + 100 + 500 + 550)/5 = 1750/5 = 350

Difference = 350 - 340 = 10

Statement II is correct.

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.

Calculation:

cot Θ

Substitute Θ = 60° into the expression:

cot 60° = 1/√3

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

Total amount = Rs.1,248

Ratio of Ridhaan and Vihaan = 2 ∶ 3

Solution:

Find the total parts of the ratio: 2 + 3 = 5

Multiply the total amount by the share of Vihaan's part of the ratio: 1,248 × (3/5) = Rs.748.80

Therefore, the share of Vihaan is Rs.748.80

Given:

tan (x + y) = 1 and cos(x - y) = √3/2

Calculation:

tan (x + y) = 1

⇒ (x + y) = 45°      …. (i)

cos(x - y) = √3/2

⇒ (x - y) = 30°     …. (ii)

Add both equations –

2x = 75°

⇒ x = 37.5°

2y =15

y = 7.5°

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Given:

(x + 11) (x - 11)

Formula used:

(x + y) (x - y) = x2 - y²

Calculation:

(x + 11) (x - 11)

Using the formula

(x + 11) (x - 11) = x2 - 121 

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Given:

AC is the diameter of the circle.

∠BAC = 40°

Concept used:

By the properties of a circle, an angle subtended by a diameter at the circumference is a right angle. Therefore, ∠ABC = 90°.

Calculation:

In triangle ABC, the sum of angles in a triangle is 180°. We can use this property to find ∠ABC.

So, ∠BCA = 180° - ∠BAC - ∠ABC

∠BCA = 180° - 40° - 90°

∠BCA = 50°

Therefore, ∠BCA = 50°.

Given:

The fruit seller sells 45% of the watermelons.

After selling, the seller has 495 watermelons left.

Calculation:

Let's assume the original number of watermelons the seller had is "x".

The number of watermelons sold is 45% of x, which can be represented as 0.45x.

The remaining number of watermelons can be calculated by subtracting the number of watermelons sold from the original number of watermelons:

x - 0.45x = 0.55x.

To solve for x, we can set up the equation:

0.55x = 495

x = 900

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

The marked price of a chair is Rs. 1,650.

The chair is sold at two successive discounts of 10 percent and 20 percent.

Concept Used:

If there are two discounts of a% and b% given successively, then the total discount is given by a + b - ab/100.

Calculation:

a + b - ab/100

10 + 20 - (10 × 20)/100

30 - 2

⇒ 28%

⇒ 1,650 × (100 - 28)%

⇒ 1650 × 72%

⇒ 1188

Therefore, the selling price of the chair after two successive discounts of 10 percent and 20 percent is Rs. 1,188.

Given,

x + 1/x = 2k

Formula:

(x + 1/x)2 = x2 + 1/x2 + 2

Calculation:

x + 1/x = 2k

Square both sides:

x2 + 1/x2 + 2 = 4k²

x2 + 1/x2 = 4k² - 2

Squaring both side:

⇒ (x2 + 1/x2)2 = x4 + 1/x4 + 2 = (4k2 - 2)²

⇒ x4 + 1/x4 + 2 = (16k⁴ + 4 - 16k²)

⇒ x4 + 1/x4 = (16k4 + 2 - 16k2)

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Identify the squares: a², 4b² = (2b)², and 9c² = (3c)².

Check signs of cross-products: −4ab and −6ca are negative, while 12bc is positive.

Since 12bc is positive, b and c must have the same sign (both − or both +).

Since −4ab and −6ca are negative, a must have the opposite sign of b and c.

Testing signs: (a − 2b − 3c)² gives −4ab, +12bc, and −6ca.

∴ The correct answer is (a − 2b − 3c)².

Alternate Method

Given: The expression is a² + 4b² + 9c² − 4ab + 12bc − 6ca.

Formula Used: The standard Trinomial Square Identity: (x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx.

Comparing the given expression with the identity:

⇒ x² = a² → x = a

⇒ y² = 4b² → y = ±2b

⇒ z² = 9c² → z = ±3c

⇒ 2xy = −4ab ⇒ 2(a)(y) = −4ab ⇒ y = −2b

⇒ 2zx = −6ca ⇒ 2(z)(a) = −6ca ⇒ z = −3c

⇒ 2yz = 2(−2b)(−3c) = 12bc (Matches the given term)

⇒ Therefore, the factorized form is (x + y + z)² = (a − 2b − 3c)².

∴ The correct answer is (a − 2b − 3c)².

Additional Information

Trinomial Expansion Rule

The expansion of (a + b + c)² always results in 3 squared terms (always positive) and 3 cross-products. The signs of the cross-products depend entirely on the relative signs of a, b, and c.

Perfect Square Recognition

If an algebraic expression has the form x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx, it is a perfect square of the trinomial (x + y + z).

Sign Analysis

In (a − b − c)², only the terms involving 'a' multiplied by others (ab and ac) will be negative, while the product of two negatives (bc) becomes positive.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Rigid'.

Key Points

• The word "Pliable" means flexible, capable of being bent, shaped, or adapted.(लचीला)
• It suggests that something or someone is flexible and can be manipulated without breaking.
• Rigid - It means stiff or unyielding; not pliant or flexible; hard.(कठोर)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Rigid'.

Additional Information

• Fluid - This word is usually used to describe a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure; a gas or (especially) a liquid.(तरल)
• Variable - A variable is something that is likely to change or vary.(परिवर्तनशील).
• Ductile - It means capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out. (नम्य).

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The sentence opens with a geographical reference starting with "From the..." and lists three regions.
• These are Argentina's grain heartland (R), California's tomato belt (P), and China's pork hub (S).
• They are connected by "to the" indicating a sequence. This completes the locations mentioned in the sentence.
• After we've set up these locations, we then talk about what happened in them, which is "extreme weather events in 2021 have reduced food supplies and sharply increased food prices." (Q).
• It logically follows the description of the regions because it's providing information about the impact of these weather events on these areas.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'RPSQ' i..e. "From the grain heartland of Argentina to the tomato belt of California to the pork hub of China, extreme weather events in 2021 have reduced food supplies and sharply increased food prices."

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Dull'.

Key Points

• The word "Dreary" means dull, bleak, and lifeless; depressing.(उदासीन)
• Dull - It refers to something that lacks interest or excitement.(नीरस)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Dull'.

Additional Information

• Now, looking at the given options:
• Faith - Faith generally refers to complete trust or confidence in someone or something. (विश्वास).
• Superstitious - This term refers to a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation.(अंधविश्वासी).
• Active - Active refers to being engaged in action or marked by full involvement or participation.(सक्रिय).

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Revert'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "revert".
• "Revert" means to return to (a previous state, condition, practice, etc.).
• It fits best in the context of the sentence, which implies a return to a previous system or way of doing things.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: While one cannot really say the pandemic is over yet, it is a sensible decision to now revert to the older system.

Additional Information

• Now, explaining the other options:
• Sympathise - This means to have feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune. It doesn't fit in the context of this sentence because it doesn't make sense to "sympathise to the older system".
• Comprehend - This means to grasp mentally; understand. Again, this does not fit in the context of the sentence as you can't "comprehend to the older system".
• Stick - This can mean to adhere or remain attached, as to an idea, hope, memory, etc. However, in this context, "stick to the older system" would imply that they have been using the older system all along, which is not what the sentence is saying.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The idiom "Piece of cake" refers to something that is very easy or simple to achieve or accomplish.(बहुत आसान)
• Something which is very simple - It refers to a task or situation that is easy to handle or achieve.(बहुत सरल).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Something which is very simple'.

Additional Information

• Extremely difficult -  It refers to a task or situation that is very hard to handle or overcome.(अत्यंत कठिन).
• Intuition for something dangerous - This refers to a feeling or sense that something harmful or unpleasant is going to happen.(किसी खतरनाक चीज के लिए सहज बोध).
• Invitation for birthday - This refers to a formal or polite request to attend someone's birthday.(जन्मदिन के लिए निमंत्रण).

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Churchly'.

Key Points

• The word "Ecclesial" refers to anything relating to a church, particularly in a religious or spiritual sense. (ईसाई धर्म सम्बन्धी)
• Churchly - It also refers to things relating to a church or its functions or ceremonies.(चर्च संबंधी).

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Churchly'.

Additional Information

• Now, looking at the given options:
• Profane - This term refers to something that shows disrespect for religion or religious practices. (अपवित्र).
• Secular - This word means not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in a monastic or other order.(धर्मनिरपेक्ष)
• Profuse - This term means (especially of something offered or discharged) exuberantly plentiful; abundant.(प्रचुर).

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e**. 'Challenging'.**

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "challenging".
• "Challenging" means demanding or testing the abilities of (someone or something).
• In this context, choosing the right software indeed could be a complex and demanding task.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Choosing the right software for any purpose can be a challenging task for any business.

Additional Information

• Now, explaining the other options:
• Intimating- This means to imply or make known indirectly. It does not fit in this context. You wouldn't describe a task as "intimating."
• Flickering - This means to shine with a light that is not steady; twinkle. Typically used to describe light, it does not make sense to describe a task as "flickering."
• Attributing - This means to regard something as being caused by or belonging to. In this context, the word "attributing" does not make sense, because it does not correctly describe a characteristic of a task.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• The phrase "To breast the tape" is an idiomatic expression originating from competitive running.
• In a race, a tape is stretched across the finish line.
• The first person to break this tape with their chest, or "breast the tape," is the winner. (दौड़ में जीतना)
• So, it essentially means "To win a race".

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'To win a race'.

Additional Information

• To shut someone’s mouth - This phrase generally means to cause someone to stop speaking, often by making them feel guilty or embarrassed. It does not have a similar meaning to "To breast the tape". (किसी का मूंह बंद करना).
• To create problems - This phrase means to cause difficulties or obstacles. (समस्याएँ पैदा करना).
• To bring joy - This phrase means to make someone feel happy or satisfied. Although winning a race can bring joy, this phrase is not specifically equivalent to "To breast the tape".(खुशी लाना).

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is in part 4) "There is evidence that much too".
• The phrase "much too" is incorrectly used in this context.
• The correct phrase should be "too much".
• "Much too" is usually used before an adjective to emphasize it, such as "much too difficult".
• But in this case, we're discussing an excessive amount of something (technology), so the correct term is "too much".

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "There is evidence that too much technology can lead to a loss of child development opportunities."

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'DBAC'.

Key Points

• The correct sequence is indeed: DBAC
• Rearranging the sentence parts according to this sequence gives us a meaningful and grammatically correct sentence:
• "I knew that the remedy lay not in finding a new flower but in what unfurling its secrets when it will (D) Rohan had advised me over and again (B): let the past go. Be at ease. Allow the future (A) to arrive at its own pace (C)."
• So, the correct sequence is DBAC, creating a coherent narrative where the speaker reflects on Rohan's advice as the remedy they were looking for.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'DBAC'.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The segment of the sentence that contains the grammatical error is 2) "the world's leading string quartet."
• The problem lies in the phrase "one of the world's leading string quartet."
• When using the phrase "one of," it should be followed by a plural noun because you're choosing one item from a set.
• The correct phrase should be "one of the world's leading string quartets."

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "The London-based Brodsky Quartet, meanwhile, is one of the world's leading string quartets."

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• In English, passive sentences are formed by rearranging the subject, the verb, and the object of the sentence.
• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The verb in the passive sentence is formed by using the appropriate form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb.
• In this case, "build" is the main verb, and its past participle is "built."
• In the sentence "Swallows build new nests every year", the present simple tense is used, which suggests a repeated or regular action.
• When converted into the passive voice, the same tense (present simple) should be maintained.
• Therefore, the appropriate form of "to be" is "are".

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'New nests are built by swallows every year'.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the other options:
• New nests were built by swallows every year - This uses the past simple tense ("were built"), so it is not the correct conversion from the original sentence, which is in the present simple tense.
• New nests were being built by swallows every year - This uses the past continuous tense ("were being built"), so it is not the correct conversion from the original sentence, which is in the present simple tense.
• New nests is being built by swallows every year - This is incorrect grammatically. "Is being built" is present continuous tense and used for ongoing actions, and the subject "new nests" is plural, which should take "are" instead of "is".

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Amateur'.

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word is "Amateur".
• "Amateur" refers to someone who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on an unpaid basis or someone who is incompetent or inept at a particular activity.

Therefore, the correct spelling is: "Amateur".

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Reprimand'.

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word is "Reprimand".
• "Reprimand" is a verb that means to express to someone sharp disapproval or criticism because of their behavior or actions.

Therefore, the correct spelling is: "Reprimand".