SSC CHSL Tier-1 2022: Official Paper (Held On: 16 March, 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

Given Sequence: _tk _ tt _ ltt _ lt _ kl _ tk _

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

Option 1) tlkkttl → t t k l / t t k l / t t k l / t t k l / t t k l

Here, 'Option 1' followed a pattern.

Option 2) tllkttl→ t t k l / t t l l / t t k l / t t k l / t t k l

Option 3) tlktttl→ t t k l / t t k l / t t t l / t t k l / t t k l

Option 4) tlkktll→ t t k l / t t k l / t t k l / t t k l / l t k l

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

For find the opposite surface of 'triangle', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices, 

So, From Dice 1 and Dice 3,

 

→ Square and Circle is the common surface in the both dice, so the Triangle and 'Hexagon' will be the opposite face.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Last number is place on the 1st place.

For, 7 # 3 # 2 = 237

→ 732 after interchange 237.

For, 8 # 4 # 1 = 148

→ 841 after interchange 148.

Similarly, 3 # 5 # 4 = ?

→ 354 after interchange 453.

Hence, the correct answer is "453".

For find the opposite surface of '€', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices,

Now, symbol '€' is given in Dice 1 and Dice 2, 

So, From Dice 1 and Dice 2,

 

→ € is the common surface and ¥, @, ©, % is the adjacent surface.

So, the remaining '$' will be the opposite face of '€'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 1st number + 3rd number = 2nd number.

Now,

For, (14, 55, 41)

⇒ 14 + 41 = 55.

For, (36, 99, 63)

⇒ 36 + 63 = 99.

Similarly, for (128, 949, 821)

⇒ 128 + 821 = 949.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

'BLOWER' is coded as 'PDUNJA',

Similarly, for 'BLUFFS'

So, 'BLUFFS' is coded as 'QEDTJA'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Some Parents can be Graduates,

Some Parents can be Cricketers, 

Some Cricketers can be Graduates,

Some Parents can be Cricketers as well Graduates,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is : First Number × Third Number = Second Number²

Given : 

• (6, 12, 24)

= 6 *24 = 144 = 12²

• (28, 14, 7)

= 28*7 = 196 = 14²

• Option - (1) :(32, 14, 1) = 32*1 = 32 ≠ 14²
• Option - (2) : (36, 16, 9) = 36*9 = 324  ≠ 16²
• Option - (3) : (25, 18, 16) = 25*16 = 400 ≠ 18²
• Option - (4) : (25, 10, 4) = 25*4 = 100 = 10²

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Family Chart:

Given: Pointing to a picture of a boy, Shreya said, "He is the only son of the man who is the father of my father's only son's son".

So, the boy is 'Nephew' of Shreya

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

In the given pair "Car : Steering", a car is operated or controlled using a steering wheel. So the relationship here is "Device : Control element".

Following this logic, a fan is operated or its operation is facilitated by its blade(s). Therefore, "Fan : Blade" follows the same relationship.

As for the other options:

• "Three" is not directly related to a fan's operation.
• "Electricity" is indeed necessary for a fan's operation, but it isn't a control element.
• "Tyre" is unrelated to a fan. It's a part of a car, not a fan.

Hence, the correct answer is "Blade".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Images are rotating one place in clockwise direction.

So, 'Option 4' will replace the question mark.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct dictionary order for the give words are:

2. Reporter
3. Reposed
4. Repository
5. Represent
6. Repress

So, the word 'Represent' will come at ‘Fourth’ position.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic here followed is

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic here followed is

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pairs "Pedal - Cycle", "Room - House", and "Chapter - Book" represent a part-whole relationship, where the first item is an integral part of the second item:

• A pedal is an integral part of a cycle.
• A room is an integral part of a house.
• A chapter is an integral part of a book.

However, the pair "Fan - Blade" doesn't follow the same pattern. Here, blade is integral part of Fan which should second part not first part.

Therefore, "Fan - Blade" is the odd pair out, as the first item doesn't necessarily include the second item.

Given Statements:

I. All R are P.

II. All P are J.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. All P are R - False (Because, the given statement is All R are P, so some R will be P definitely but All P are R can be possible only).

II. All J are P - False (Because, the given statement is All P are J, so some J will be P definitely but All J are P can be possible only).

III. All R are J - True (Because, All R are P and All P are J, so All R are J).

So, Only conclusion III follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

So, '150' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 1st number ÷ 9 = 2nd number.

Now, checking the options:

Option 1) 28125 – 3125 → 28125 ÷ 9 = 3125.

Option 2) 11322 – 1258 → 11322 ÷ 9 = 1258.

Option 3) 49374 – 5483 → 49374 ÷ 9 = 5486 ≠ 5483.

Option 4) 49401 – 5489 → 49401 ÷ 9 = 5489.

So, '49374 – 5483' odd among the given options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) VWYB

Option 2) LMOR

Option 3) QSVY

Option 4) ABDG

Here, 'QSVY' is odd among the given options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The relationship here is "venue or place : activity conducted".

In the pair "Track : Race", a track is the place or venue where a race is typically conducted.

Following this pattern, a pitch is the place or venue where a game of cricket is typically played. Therefore, "Pitch : Cricket" follows the same relationship.

As for the other options:

• Wrestling typically takes place in a ring, not on a pitch.
• Chess is played on a board, not a pitch.
• Exercise could be conducted in many places, and the term 'pitch' is not typically associated with exercise.

Therefore, "Cricket" is the correct answer.

Logic: Place value of Opposite letter - Positional value of given letter

‘BACK’ is coded as ‘2325215

B →  Y(25) - B(2) = 23

A →  Z(26) - A(1) = 25

C → X(24) - C(3) = 21

K → P(16) - K(11) = 5

‘CAME’ is coded as ‘2125117

C →  X(24) - C(3) = 21

A →  Z(26) - A(1) = 25

M →  N(14) - M(13) = 1

E  →  V(22) - E(5) = 17

Similarly,

G → T (20) - G (7) = 13

B → Y (25) - B (2) = 23

J →  Q(17) - J (10) = 7

H → S(19) - H (8) = 11

Hence, the correct answer is 1323711.

The triangles are:

So, there are '13' triangles in the given figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "13".

BODMAS Table: 

Given equation: 20 ÷ 5 × 10 - 5 + 2 = ? 

Now, if ‘+’ and ‘ב and ‘-’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged, then:

⇒ 20 - 5 + 10 ÷ 5 × 2 = ? 

⇒  20 - 5 + 2 × 2 = ? 

⇒  20 - 5 + 4 = ? 

⇒ 24 - 5 = 19.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

In the given pair "Turtle : Reptile", a turtle is an example of a reptile. So, we need to find a pair where the second word is the class of the animal, and the first word is an example of that class.

Following this logic:

• "Snake : Rodent" is incorrect, as a snake is a reptile, not a rodent.
• "Mammal : Man" is incorrect, as according to the given format, the class (mammal) should be in the second place, not the first.
• "Lizard : Reptile" is correct, as a lizard is indeed an example of a reptile, which follows the same pattern.
• "Mammal : Frog" is incorrect, as a frog is an amphibian, not a mammal.

Therefore, the correct answer is "3) Lizard : Reptile".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (1st number × 3) + 3 = 2nd number.

Now,

For, 9 : 30

⇒ (9 × 3) + 3

⇒ 27 + 3 = 30.

For, 11 : 36

⇒ (11 × 3) + 3

⇒ 33 + 3 = 36.

Similarly, for 13 ∶ ?

⇒ (13 × 3) + 3

⇒ 39 + 3 = 42.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• Pandit Ram Narayan is a renowned musician and maestro of the sarangi, a stringed instrument used in Hindustani classical music. He is recognized as one of the most esteemed sarangi players in the world. Born on December 25, 1927, in Udaipur, Rajasthan, Pandit Ram Narayan has made significant contributions to the field of Indian classical music.
• The sarangi is a bowed instrument with sympathetic strings that resonate along with the main strings. It is known for its ability to produce a soulful and melodic sound, often compared to the human voice. Pandit Ram Narayan's mastery of the sarangi has brought immense popularity and recognition to the instrument.
• He has been instrumental in elevating the status of the sarangi as a solo instrument and has showcased its capabilities through numerous performances and recordings.
• Pandit Ram Narayan's unique style and virtuosity have earned him accolades and awards, including the prestigious Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award in India.
• His contributions to Hindustani classical music extend beyond his performances. Pandit Ram Narayan has also been actively involved in teaching and mentoring the younger generation of musicians, passing on his knowledge and expertise to future artists.
• Pandit Ram Narayan's musical journey and his dedication to preserving and promoting the sarangi have left an indelible mark on Indian classical music, making him a revered figure in the world of Hindustani classical music.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• The Battle of Peshawar between Raja Jayapala and Mahmud of Ghazni took place in the year 1001 CE.
• Raja Jayapala was the ruler of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in the region, while Mahmud of Ghazni was a prominent Muslim conqueror from the Ghaznavid dynasty.
• The battle resulted in the defeat of Raja Jayapala and marked the beginning of Mahmud's invasions into the Indian subcontinent.

​

Additional Information

• The Hindu Shahi dynasty was a medieval Indian dynasty that ruled the region of Gandhara (present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan) from the 9th to the 10th centuries CE.
• They were known as the "Shahi" or "Kings of the Shahis" and were primarily of Hindu faith, although some rulers may have embraced Buddhism as well.
• The dynasty's origins are believed to be in the ancient Gandhara region, which had a rich history and was a center of Buddhist culture.
• The Hindu Shahis emerged as a powerful dynasty in the wake of the decline of the Turk Shahi dynasty.
• The Hindu Shahi rulers were known for their resistance against the Arab and Turkic invasions from the west.
• They successfully defended their territories against several attempts at conquest by Muslim armies, including the expeditions of Arab general Qutayba ibn Muslim in the 8th century.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• Union Home Minister Amit Shah unveiled a 14 feet high statue of Lok Nayak Jayprakash Narayan in Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bihar in October 2022​.
• Political Activist and Leader:
• ​Lok Nayak Jayprakash Narayan, often referred to as JP, was a prominent Indian political leader and activist.
• He played a significant role in the Indian independence movement and was a staunch advocate for social and political reform in post-independence India.
• Total Revolution Movement:
• ​JP is best remembered for leading the "Total Revolution" movement in the 1970s.
• This was a public campaign against corruption and the increasing authoritarianism of the Indian government at the time, especially during the period of the Emergency declared by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
• Sampoorna Kranti (Total Revolution):
• ​JP's concept of "Sampoorna Kranti" or "Total Revolution" encompassed various aspects of society, including social, political, economic, and cultural transformations.
• He called for a complete overhaul of the system to achieve a truly democratic society.
• Bihar Movement:
• Jayprakash Narayan led the Bihar Movement in the mid-1970s, a popular uprising in the Indian state of Bihar that aimed to bring about greater accountability and transparency in the government.
• Awards and Honors:
• ​JP was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1999 for his significant contributions to Indian society and politics.
• He remains a respected figure in Indian history, and his life and works continue to inspire political activism and social reform in the country.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• Dhupgarh peak is the highest point in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• It is situated in the Satpura Range and has an elevation of approximately 1,350 meters (4,429 feet) above sea level.
• Dhupgarh offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes and is a popular destination for tourists and nature enthusiasts.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• With the government's efforts, the death rates have declined from 25 per 1000 population in 1951 to 7.1 per 1000 in 2011 life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 67.9 years in 2012.
• According to the 2011 census in India, the life expectancy at birth was approximately 65.5 years.
• It's important to note that life expectancy can vary over time and may have changed since then.
• For the most up-to-date information, it is recommended to refer to recent reports or official sources such as the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India or the World Health Organization (WHO).

​

Additional Information

• The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) responsible for international public health.
• It was established on April 7, 1948, and its headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The WHO's primary objective is to promote global health, monitor public health trends, provide technical support and expertise, and coordinate international efforts to combat diseases and improve health outcomes worldwide.
• The WHO plays a crucial role in various areas of public health, including disease prevention, health promotion, emergency response, health systems strengthening, and health policy development.
• It collaborates with governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other international partners to address global health challenges, such as infectious diseases, maternal and child health, non-communicable diseases, mental health, and environmental health.

The correct answer is August.

Key Points

• Every year August 6 is observed as Hiroshima Day to mark the atomic bombing of Japanese cities during World War II.
• The first nuclear bomb was dropped over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, & 3 days later the second bomb was dropped over Nagasaki killing millions of people in an instant.
• Hiroshima Day is observed every year to remind the world about the devastating results of nuclear weapons.

Additional Information

• On 6 August 1945, an American aircraft, B-29 Bomber, dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima, reportedly killing 90,000 people instantly.
• Three days later, another B-29 aircraft dropped Fat Man on Nagasaki.
• The day is observed every year as a reminder of the brutal killings of innocent civilians.
• The day plays a key role in making anti-war and anti-nuclear policies a priority in international relationships.

The correct answer is Marginal standing facility rate.

Key Points

• Marginal standing facility rate
• It is the rate at which banks borrow funds overnight from the RBI against approved government securities.
• Under MSF, banks can borrow funds up to one percentage of their net demand and time liabilities (NDTL).
• It used by banks to borrow from the Reserve Bank of India in an emergency situation when inter-bank liquidity dries up completely.​

Additional Information

• ​Liquidity adjustment facility
• The RBI introduced the LAF as a result of the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee on Banking Sector Reforms (1998).
• A liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) is a tool used in monetary policy, primarily by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI),
• It allows banks to borrow money through repurchase agreements (repos) or for banks to make loans to the RBI through reverse repo agreements.
• This arrangement manages liquidity pressures and assures basic stability in the financial markets.
• Cash Reserve Ratio 
• Commercial banks have to hold a certain minimum amount of deposit as reserves with the central bank
• The percentage of cash required to be kept in reserves as against the bank's total deposits is called the Cash Reserve Ratio
• The cash reserve is either stored in the bank’s vault or is sent to the RBI
• Banks can’t lend the CRR money to corporates or individual borrowers, banks can’t use that money for investment purposes.

The correct answer is Kourou in French Guiana.

Key Points

• SRO successfully launched communication satellite GSAT-24 from Kourou in French Guiana on 23 June 2022.
• GSAT-24, built by ISRO for NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), was launched by French company Arianespace.
• GSAT-24 is a 24-Ku band communication satellite weighing 4180 kg with pan-India coverage for meeting DTH application needs.

Additional Information

• It was the first demand driven communication satellite mission undertaken by NSIL post space sector reforms.
• NSIL, a Government of India company under the Department of Space, has leased the entire satellite capacity to Tata Play.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Respiration is the process by which energy is released from food in our body. The function of the respiratory system is to breathe in oxygen for respiration producing energy from food and to breathe out carbon dioxide.
• An important feature of all living cells is respiration which is related to the liberation of metabolic energy as ATP.
• Respiration is an amphibolic and exergonic cellular process.
• Respiration is of two types.
• Aerobic respiration- with the use of oxygen. Eg plants
• The equation of Aerobic Respiration
• Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
• Anaerobic respiration- without the use of oxygen. Eg yeast
• The equation of Anaerobic Respiration
• Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Various types of respiration are:

The correct answer is Ctrl + 3.

Key Points

Correct Answer Output Devices.

Key Points:

• Hardware devices that retrieve data from a computer system and translate the received data into a form understandable to humans are known as output devices.
• These devices take digital information from a computer and convert it into a human-readable format.

Some common examples of output devices include:

• Monitor/Display: A visual output device that presents information in the form of text, images, and graphics on a screen.
• Printer: Prints digital data onto physical paper in the form of text, images, or both.
• Speaker: Converts digital audio data into an audible sound, allowing users to hear sounds, music, or other audio output.
• Projector: Displays computer-generated images or video onto a larger screen or projection surface, often used for presentations or home theater setups.
• Headphones/Earphones: Output devices that provide audio output directly to the user's ears, allowing for private listening.
• Plotter: A device used to produce high-quality, large-scale graphics or drawings based on computer instructions.

The correct answer is Al-Biruni.

Key Points:The Kitab-ul-Hind:

• Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind, written in Arabic, is simple and lucid.
• It is a voluminous text, divided into 80 chapters on subjects such as religion and philosophy, festivals, astronomy, alchemy, manners and customs, social life, weights and measures, iconography, laws, and metrology.
• Generally (though not always), Al-Biruni adopted a distinctive structure in each chapter, beginning with a question, following this up with a description based on Sanskritic traditions, and concluding with a comparison with other cultures.
• Some present-day scholars have argued that this almost geometric structure, remarkable for its precision and predictability, owed much to his mathematical orientation.
• Al-Biruni, who wrote in Arabic, probably intended his work for peoples living along the frontiers of the subcontinent.
• He was familiar with translations and adaptations of Sanskrit, Pali, and Prakrit texts into Arabic – these ranged from fables to works on astronomy and medicine. However, he was also critical of the ways in which these texts were written and clearly wanted to improve on them.

The correct answer is 10%.

**Key Points:**Only 10% of the available energy is transferred to the next trophic level, most of the energy is lost to the environment as heat.

• 10% can be taken as the average value for the amount of organic matter that is present at each step and reaches the next level of consumers.
• Since so little energy is available for the next level of consumers, food chains generally consist of only three or four steps.​

Additional Information:

• The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms that starts from producer organisms and ends with decomposer species.
• The Food web is a connection of multiple food chains.
• The food chain follows a single path whereas the food web follows multiple paths.
• From the food chain, we get to know how organisms are connected with each other.
• Food chain and food web form an integral part of this ecosystem.

Correct Answer is 7th Amendment

Key Points7th Constitutional amendment act(1956):

• Abolishing the previous classification of state into four categories.
• Extended the jurisdiction of high courts to union territories.
• Provided for the establishment of a common court for 2 or more states.
• Provided for the appointment of additional acting judges of the high court.

Additional Information1st Constitutional amendment act(1951):

• It was crucial in facilitating land reforms in India.
• Added Article 31A and Article 31B to protect laws related to the acquisition of estates and other land reforms from judicial scrutiny.
• Empowered the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward class.
• Provided for the saving of laws providing for the acquisition of estate, etc.
• Added the ninth schedule to protect the land reform and other laws included in the form of the judicial review.
• Added three more grounds of restriction on freedom of speech and expression viz, public order, friendly relation with foreign states, and incitement to an offense. It also made the restriction reasonable and thus justiciable.
• Provided that the state trading and nationalization of any trade or business by any state is not to be invalid on the ground of violation of the right to trade or business.

13th Constitutional amendment act(1962):

• Gave the status of state to Nagaland and made a special provision for it.

9th Constitutional amendment act(1960):

• It primarily dealt with the re-adjustment of the boundaries between India and Pakistan.
• Facilitate the cession of the Berubari union.

The Correct answer is Mallakhamba

Key Points:Mallakhamba:

Traditional Indian sport:

• Mallakhamba is a traditional Indian sport that combines gymnastics, yoga, and wrestling.
• It originated as a training method for wrestlers and evolved into a separate sport.

Vertical pole or rope:

• Participants perform acrobatic and gymnastic exercises on a vertical wooden pole or a rope.
• The pole is made of teak wood and polished with castor oil to reduce friction.

TOKYO OLYMPICS

• The 2020 Olympics was held in Tokyo from 23 July to 8 August 2021.
• The International Olympics Committee postponed the games due to Covid-19.
• This was the second time When Japan will host the Olympics. (First in 1964)
• Miraitowa is the official mascot of the 2020 Summer Olympics.
• The mascot is created by Japanese artist Ryo Taniguchi.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC)

• IOC is a not-for-profit independent international organization.
• Created- 23 June 1894
• The first Olympic Games of the modern era were conducted in April 1896.
• The Olympic Charter is the codification of the Fundamental Principles of Olympism.
• President- Thomas Bach
• Olympic Motto- CITIUS – ALTIUS - FORTIUS meaning  (FASTER - HIGHER - STRONGER -COMMUNITER)
• The 138th session of the International Olympic Committee met between 20-21 July 2021.
• At this meeting, the International Olympic Committee decided to change the Olympic motto 'Citius, Altius, Fortius' to 'Citius, Altius, Fortius, Communiter'.

Additional InformationTokyo  Olympics 2020

• India won 7 medals at Tokyo Olympics 2020, which includes 1 Gold, 2 Silver, and 4 Bronze medals.
• Neeraj Chopra won a Gold medal in the Javelin Throw event.
• Ravi Kumar Dahiya won a Silver medal in Men's Wrestling 57KG category.
• Mirabai Chanu won a Silver medal in the Women's Weightlifting 49 KG category.
• P.V. Sindhu won a Bronze medal in Women's Singles Badminton.
• Lovlina Borgohain won a Bronze medal in the Women's Welterweight Boxing category.
• Indian Men's Hockey team won the Bronze medal.
• Bajrang Punia won a Bronze medal in Men's Wrestling 65 KG category.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam originated in Tamil Nadu.
• Bharatanatyam is the oldest Indian classical dance and it originated hundreds of years ago in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
• This dance form expresses the religious themes and spiritual ideas of South India.
• The ancient Tamil epic Silappatikaram contains the description of Bharatanatyam.
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi currently confers classical status on eight Indian classical dance styles: Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu), Kathak (North, West and Central India), Kathakali (Kerala), Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh), Odissi (Odissa), Manipuri (Manipur), Mohiniyattam (Kerala), and Sattriya (Assam).

Additional Information

• The Indian States and Folk Dances
• Andhra Pradesh- Kuchipudi, Bhamakalpam, Lambadi, Dhimsa, Kolattam, Butta Bommalu.
• Assam- Bihu, Bichhua, Natpuja, Maharas, Kaligopal, Bagurumba, Naga dance, Khel Gopal, Tabal Chongli, Canoe, Jhumura Hobjanai
• Bihar- Jata-Jatin, Bakho-Bakhain, Panwariya, Sama Chakwa, Bidesia.
• Gujarat- Garba, Dandiya Ras, Tippani Juriun, Bhavai.
• Haryana- Jhumar, Phag, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khor, Gagor.
• Himachal Pradesh- Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli, Mahasu, Nati, Dangi.
• Jammu and Kashmir- Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach, Damali.
• Karnataka- Yakshagan, Huttari, Suggi, Kunitha, Karga, Lambi.
• Kerala- Kathakali (Classical), Ottamthullal, Mohiniattam, Kaikottikali.
• Maharashtra- Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar or Bohada.
• Odisha- Odissi (Classical), Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari, Chhau.
• West Bengal- Kathi, Gambhira, Dhali, Jatra, Baul, Marasia, Mahal, Keertan.
• Punjab- Bhangra, Giddha, Daff, Dhaman, Bhand, Naqual.
• Rajasthan- Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, Kalbeliya.
• Tamil Nadu- Bharatanatyam, Kumi, Kolattam, Kavadi.
• Uttar Pradesh- Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli, Jaita.
• Uttarakhand- Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, Raslila, Chappeli.
• Goa- Tarangamel, Koli, Dekhni, Fugdi, Shigmo, Ghode, Modni, Samayi nrutya, Jagar, Ranmale, Gonph, Tonnya mell.
• Madhya Pradesh- Jawara, Matki, Aada, Khada Nach, Phulpati, Grida Dance, Selalarki, Selabhadoni, Maanch.
• Chhattisgarh- Gaur Maria, Panthi, Raut Nacha, Pandwani, Vedamati, Kapalik, Bharthari Charit, Chandaini.
• Jharkhand- Alkap, Karma Munda, Agni, Jhumar, Janani Jhumar, Mardana Jhumar, Paika, Phagua,Hunta Dance, Mundari Dance, Sarhul, Barao, Jhitka, Danga, Domkach, Ghora Naach.
• Arunachal- Pradesh Buiya, Chalo, Wancho, Pasi Kongki, Ponung, Popir, Bardo Chham.
• Manipur- Dol Cholam, Thang Ta, Lai Haraoba, Pung Cholom, Khamba Thaibi, Nupa Dance, Raslila, Khubak Ishei, Lhou Sha.
• Meghalaya- Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Nongkrem, Laho.
• Mizoram- Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam, Sawlakin, Chawnglaizawn, Zangtalam, Par Lam, Sarlamkai/Solakia, Tlanglam, Bamboo Dance.
• Nagaland- Modse, Agurshikukula, Butterfly Dance, Aaluyattu, Sadal Kekai, Changai Dance, Kuki Dance, Leshalaptu, Khamba Lim, Mayur Dance, Monyoasho, Rengma, Seecha and Kukui Kucho, Shankai and Moyashai.
• Tripura- Hojagiri.
• Sikkim- Chu Faat Dance, Sikmari, Singhi Chaam or the Snow Lion Dance, Yak Chaam, Denzong Gnenha, Tashi Yangku Dance, Khukuri Naach, Chutkey Naach, Maruni Dance.
• Telangana- Dappu Nrityam or Dappu Dance, Lambadi, Perini Sivatandavam, Gusadi and Mayuri.

The correct answer is Malware.

Key Points

• The "SOVA Virus" which has been seen in the news recently is a type of malware.
• The SOVA Virus specifically targets banking apps. It's designed to infiltrate your device and steal information from these apps.
• It primarily targets Android devices. This means that devices running the Android operating system are at risk.
• The primary objective of the SOVA Virus is to steal valuable assets. This could include personal information, banking details, and other sensitive data that is stored on your device or within your banking apps.

The correct answer is Dzongkha.

Key Points

• The official Language of Bhutan is Dzongkha.
• The capital of Bhutan is Thimphu.
• The national animal is Takin (cattle chamois or gnu goat)
• The national bird is Common Raven
• The national flower is Blue poppy.
• The national sport is Archery.
• The national tree is Bhutan Cypress.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 86th Amendment Act,2002.​

Key Points

• The 86th amendment to the Constitution of India in 2002 provided the right to education as a fundamental right.
• A new article 21A was added which made the right to education a fundamental right for children between  6-14 years.
• Changes in Article 45 of the Directive Principle of State Policies were made.
• It made education for all children below 6 years a Directive Principle of State Policies(DPSP).
• It made the opportunities for education to the child a Fundamental Duty of parents of the children.

Additional Information

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• The host city of the 2024 Summer Olympics is Paris, France.
• The Motto is Made for Sharing.
• Skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing, and breaking have been confirmed as the additional sports proposed for inclusion at the Paris Olympic Games in 2024.
• Los Angeles, California, United States will host the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Additional Information

• Host cities for Summer and Winter Olympic Games:

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• The 36th National Games, whose theme is Celebrating Unity Through Sports, are being held after a gap of seven years and took place from September 29 to October 12 at the EKA Arena TransStadia in Ahmedabad.
• As many as six cities in Gujarat - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot and Bhavnagar.
• New Delhi additionally hosted the track cycling event.
• The curtain-raiser event (held on 3rd September 2022)witnessed the unveiling of the Games Anthem and Mascot, as well as a custom-curated website and mobile application, marking the beginning of the biggest sporting extravaganza in the country.
• An estimated 7,000 athletes from 28 states and eight Union Territories are expected to take part across 36 disciplines that include most traditional Olympic sports.
• Indigenous sports like Mallakhamb and Yogasana also featured in the National Games for the first time.
• The 2020 edition of the National Games was scheduled to be held in Goa but was cancelled due to the covid pandemic.

Additional Information 

• National Games of India
• The National Games of India comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different states of India participate against each other.
• The first such event was held in Lahore in the year 1924.
• The country's first few Olympic Games, now renamed as National Games, were held in North India (Delhi, Lahore, Allahabad, Patiala), Chennai, Calcutta, and Mumbai.
• For several years in the mid-twentieth century, the national games were conducted on a low-key note.
• However, the first Modern National Games on the lines of the Olympics were held in 1985 in New Delhi.

The correct answer is Hansa Sharma.

Key Points

• Hansa Sharma is a prominent weightlifting coach from India.
• She became the first woman to receive the Dronacharya Award in 2000.
• The Dronacharya Award is a prestigious sports coaching honour in India, awarded for exceptional contributions to mentoring athletes.
• Hansa Sharma's achievement marked a significant moment in Indian sports, opening doors for other women coaches.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Nitrogen dioxide.

Key Points

• Lead nitrate breaks down into Lead oxide (PbO), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) when heated.
• When lead nitrate is heated, lead monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen are produced.
• Light yellow solid lead monoxide, reddish-brown nitrogen dioxide gas, and colourless oxygen gas are the byproducts of its breakdown.
• The balanced reaction is : ​​2Pb(NO₃)₂ →2 PbO +4NO₂+O₂The brown fumes observed are of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Important Points

Identification of gases in chemistry can be done as below:

The correct answer is I, II and III.

Key Points

• The supply curve shifts leftward and demand curve shifts rightward.
• This combination of shifts will lead to an increase in the equilibrium price and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.
• For example, if there is a natural disaster that destroys a large portion of the cropland, then the supply curve for food will shift leftward.
• At the same time, if people's incomes increase, then the demand curve for food will shift rightward.
• The net effect of these two shifts will be an increase in the price of food and a decrease in the quantity of food that is consumed.

Hence statement I is correct.

• Both supply and demand curves shift leftwards.
• This combination of shifts will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.
• For example, if there is a strike by workers in the auto industry, then the supply curve for cars will shift leftward.
• At the same time, if people's incomes decrease, then the demand curve for cars will shift leftward.
• The net effect of these two shifts will be a decrease in the price of cars and a decrease in the quantity of cars that are sold.

Hence statement II is correct.

• Supply curve shifts rightward and demand curve shifts leftward.
• This combination of shifts will lead to an ambiguous change in the equilibrium price and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.
• For example, if there is a technological breakthrough that makes it cheaper to produce cars, then the supply curve for cars will shift rightward.
• At the same time, if people's incomes decrease, then the demand curve for cars will shift leftward.
• The net effect of these two shifts will be a decrease in the equilibrium quantity of cars, but the direction of the change in the equilibrium price is ambiguous.

Hence statement III is correct.

The correct answer is 15 degrees.

Key Points

• Each time zone covers 15 degrees of longitude.
• There are 24 time zones in the world, so the Earth is divided into 360/24 = 15 degrees of longitude per time zone.
• 24 degrees is the total number of degrees in a circle.
• 20 degrees is not a common number of degrees for a time zone,.
• 10 degrees is to Indian Standard Time o small to be a useful division of the Earth.

Important Points

• India uses a single time zone, Indian Standard Time (IST), which is UTC+5:30.
• This means that IST is 5 and a half hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Shortcut Trick

The number 48ab is divisible by 2, 5, and 7, so it must be divisible by their LCM.

LCM(2, 5, 7) = 70.

Since the number is divisible by 70, the last digit b must be 0.

Finding the multiple of 70 near 4800: 4830 ÷ 70 = 69 (Perfectly divisible).

Thus, a = 3 and b = 0, giving (10 × 3 − 0) = 30.

∴ The correct answer is 30.

Alternate Method

Given: A 4-digit number 48ab is divisible by 2, 5, and 7.

Step 1: Determine the value of b.

⇒ For a number to be divisible by 2, the last digit must be 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

⇒ For a number to be divisible by 5, the last digit must be 0 or 5.

⇒ To satisfy both, the last digit b must be 0.

Step 2: Determine the value of a.

⇒ The number is now 48a0.

⇒ This number must be divisible by 7.

⇒ 48a0 = 4800 + 10a

⇒ 4800 ÷ 7 = 685 with a remainder of 5.

⇒ To make (5 + 10a) divisible by 7, test values for a (0 to 9):

⇒ If a = 3: 5 + 10(3) = 35 (Divisible by 7).

⇒ Thus, a = 3.

Step 3: Calculate the final expression.

⇒ Value = 10a − b

⇒ Value = 10(3) − 0 = 30.

∴ The correct answer is 30.

Additional Information

Divisibility by 10

A number is divisible by 10 if and only if its last digit is 0. This is the same as being divisible by both 2 and 5.

Divisibility by 7

To check divisibility by 7, double the last digit and subtract it from the rest of the number; the result must be divisible by 7.

LCM Method for Divisibility

If a number is divisible by several coprime numbers, it is also divisible by their product (LCM).

Calculation:

Income of P and Q  = 650 + 450 = 1100

Expenditure of S and T = 150 + 100 = 250

According to the question:

(1100 - 250)250 × 100 

850/250 × 100

85 × 4 = 340%

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Identify the side (a) from volume: a = ³√1728 = 12 cm.

Calculate Total Surface Area (TSA): 6 × a² = 6 × 144.

TSA = 864 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 864 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Volume of the cube = 1728 cm³

Formula Used:

1. Volume of cube = a³
2. Total Surface Area (TSA) of cube = 6a² (where a is the side of the cube)

Calculations:

⇒ a³ = 1728

⇒ a = ³√(12 × 12 × 12)

⇒ a = 12 cm

⇒ Total Surface Area = 6 × (12)²

⇒ Total Surface Area = 6 × 144

⇒ Total Surface Area = 864 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 864 cm².

Additional Information

Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of a Cube

The area of the four vertical faces of a cube is given by LSA = 4a².

Diagonal of a Cube

The length of the longest rod that can be placed inside a cube of side a is a√3.

Volume and Surface Area of a Cuboid

For a cuboid with dimensions length (l), breadth (b), and height (h): Volume = l × b × h and TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl).

Given:

The length of the chord is 54 cm.

Concept used:

If an angle subtended by a chord on the circumference of a circle is 180 degrees, then the chord is the circle's diameter. 

Calculation:

<br>

If an angle subtended by a chord on the circumference of a circle is 180 degrees, then the chord is the circle's diameter.

So the length of the diameter is 54 cm

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 8000

Rate of interest = 20% per annum

Number of times interest is compounded = 2 (semi-annually)

Time = 1.5 years = 3 half-years

Formula:

Compound interest = Principal(1 + R)ⁿ

Solution:

Time = 1.5 years = 3 half-years

R = 20/2 = 10%

Compound interest = 8000 (1 + 10)³ = 8 × 1331 = 10648  

Therefore, the amount to be paid after 1.5 years is Rs. 10648.

Calculation:

Number of teachers in Hindi = 12% of 1800

⇒ 12/100 × 1800 = 216

Number of teachers in English and Mathematics together = (18 + 15)% of 1800

⇒ 33/100 × 1800

⇒ 594

Ratio = 216 : 594 = 4 : 11

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Given :

Three Discount percentages 30%, 20%, and 10%

Formula used :

$S.P =M.P\times \dfrac{100-D\%}{100}$ ,D% = $\dfrac{100-72}{100}\times100 = 28\%$ 

Where, M.P = Marked Price, D% = Discount Percentage

Calculation :

Let the marked price be Rs. 100

S.P = $M.P\times \dfrac{100-10}{100}\times\dfrac{100-20}{100}$ = $100\times\dfrac{8}{10}\times \dfrac{9}{10}$ = 72

D% = $\dfrac{100-72}{100}\times100 = 28\%$ 

∴ The answer is 28% .

Shortcut Trick ∴ $a+b+\dfrac{a\times b}{100}$  = equivalent of two discounts, 

So, $-10+-20+\dfrac{-10\times -20}{100} = 28\%$ , $-30 + 2 = 28\%$ 

∴ Answer is 28%

Given:

The length of chord AB from the center of a circle is 6 cm.

The length of the diameter of the circle is 20 cm

Formula used:

R = d/2

Calculation:

OA = Radius = 20/2 = 10

Using Pythagorean theorem:

AO² = AP² + OP²

10² = AP2 + 6² 

AP² = 100 - 36

AP2 = 64

AP = 8

AB = 2 × AP

AB = 16

AB + AO = 16 + 10 = 26 cm

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Original Ratio = 9 : 16 (Difference = 7 units)

New Ratio = 2 : 3 (Difference = 1 unit)

Equate the difference by multiplying the new ratio by 7: New Ratio = 14 : 21

Increase in each part = 14 − 9 = 5 units = 40 ⇒ 1 unit = 8

Difference between the numbers = 7 units = 7 × 8 = 56

∴ The correct answer is 56.

Alternate Method

Given: Original ratio = 9 : 16, Increase value = 40, Final ratio = 2 : 3.

Let the two numbers be 9x and 16x.

According to the question:

⇒ (9x + 40) / (16x + 40) = 2 / 3

⇒ 3 × (9x + 40) = 2 × (16x + 40)

⇒ 27x + 120 = 32x + 80

⇒ 32x − 27x = 120 − 80

⇒ 5x = 40

⇒ x = 8

⇒ Difference = 16x − 9x = 7x

⇒ Difference = 7 × 8 = 56

∴ The correct answer is 56.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. Proportion is an equation that states that two ratios are equal (a : b = c : d).

Cross-Multiplication Method

For solving ratio problems involving additions or subtractions, the cross-multiplication rule (ad = bc) is the most efficient algebraic approach.

Duplicate and Triplicate Ratios

The duplicate ratio of a : b is a² : b², and the triplicate ratio is a³ : b³.

Difference Maintenance

If a constant value is added to both terms of a ratio, the absolute difference between the original terms remains represented by the same variable part (x) when the gap is normalized.

Calculation:

Production of wheat in 2017 by M, N and O = 256 + 534 + 576 = 1366

Production of wheat in 2018 by M, N and O = 312 + 480 + 190 = 982

Production of wheat in 2019 by M, N and O = 290 + 310 + 335 = 935

Production of wheat in 2020 by M, N and O = 385 + 550 + 620 = 1555

Minimum production of wheat in the year 2019.

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of numbers = 6 : 5 : 9

Given: 20% of 1^st number (6 units) = 30 ⇒ 1.2 units = 30

⇒ 1 unit = 30 ÷ 1.2 = 25

Difference between 3^rd and 2^nd = 9 − 5 = 4 units

Target: 50% of difference = 50% of 4 units = 2 units

Value = 2 × 25 = 50

∴ The correct answer is 50.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of three numbers = 6 : 5 : 9

Let the numbers be 6x, 5x, and 9x.

Condition: 20% of 1^st number = 30

Calculations:

⇒ (20 / 100) × 6x = 30

⇒ 0.2 × 6x = 30

⇒ 1.2x = 30

⇒ x = 30 / 1.2 = 300 / 12 = 25

⇒ 2^nd number = 5x = 5 × 25 = 125

⇒ 3^rd number = 9x = 9 × 25 = 225

⇒ Difference = 225 − 125 = 100

⇒ 50% of Difference = (50 / 100) × 100

⇒ Required value = 50

∴ The correct answer is 50.

Additional Information

Ratio & Proportion

If a : b : c are three numbers, they can be expressed as ax, bx, and cx where x is the common proportionality constant.

Percentage of a Quantity

To find p% of a number N, use the formula (p / 100) × N. For example, 50% is equivalent to multiplying by 0.5 or dividing by 2.

Unitary Method in Ratios

If the value of 'n' units is known, the value of 1 unit is Value / n, which can then be used to find any other number of units.

Given:

cos X = 5/13

Concept Used:

cos X = Base/Hypotenuse

tan X = Perpendicular/Base

cot X = Base/Perpendicular

Pythagoras Theorem

Hypotenuse² = Base² + Perpendicular²

Calculation:

Apply Pythagora's theorem

⇒ AB² = AC² - BC²

⇒ AB² = 169 - 25

⇒ AB = 12

⇒ tan X = Perpendicular/Base = 12/5

⇒ cot X = Base/Perpendicular = 5/12

⇒ tan X + cot X = 12/5 + 5/12

⇒ (144 + 25)/60

⇒ 169/60

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

For 'Or / And' type questions, use the direct ratio formula: Required Days = Given Days ÷ [(M₂ ÷ M₁) + (B₂ ÷ B₁)]

⇒ Required Days = 174 ÷ [(12 ÷ 8) + (14 ÷ 10)]

⇒ Required Days = 174 ÷ [1.5 + 1.4]

⇒ Required Days = 174 ÷ 2.9 = 60 days

∴ The correct answer is 60 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by 8 men = 174 days

Time taken by 10 boys = 174 days

Formula Used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time; Days = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of 1 man = 1 ÷ 8 = 0.125 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of 1 boy = 1 ÷ 10 = 0.1 units/day

⇒ Combined Efficiency of 12 men and 14 boys = (12 × 0.125) + (14 × 0.1)

⇒ Combined Efficiency = 1.5 + 1.4 = 2.9 units/day

⇒ Number of days required = 174 ÷ 2.9 = 60 days

∴ The correct answer is 60 days.

Additional Information

M-D-H Formula

The relationship between men (M), days (D), and hours (H) is given by (M₁ × D₁ × H₁) / W₁ = (M₂ × D₂ × H₂) / W₂.

Efficiency Conversion

In 'Or' type questions, always equate the efficiencies: 8 Men = 10 Boys ⇒ 1 Man = 1.25 Boys, then convert the final group into a single unit.

Inverse Proportion

Number of people is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a constant work; more workers lead to fewer days.

Shortcut Trick

Coach's Age = New Average + (Initial Number of Players × Increase in Average)

New Average = 24 + 2 = 26 years

Coach's Age = 26 + (12 × 2)

Coach's Age = 26 + 24 = 50 years

∴ The correct answer is 50 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Average Age of 12 players = 24 years

Number of players = 12

New Average Age (including coach) = 24 + 2 = 26 years

Total members including coach = 12 + 1 = 13

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 12 players = 12 × 24 = 288 years

⇒ Total age including the coach = 13 × 26 = 338 years

⇒ Age of the coach = 338 − 288

⇒ Age of the coach = 50 years

∴ The correct answer is 50 years.

Additional Information

Basic Average Formula

Average = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Total number of observations).

Net Change in Average

When a new member is added: Value of new member = Old Average + (New total count × Increase in average).

Sum of Observations

Sum = Average × Count. This is the primary method to find missing values in groups.

Given:

If  $A + \frac{1}{A} = -1$

Calculation:

⇒  $A + \frac{1}{A} = -1$

The above equation can be written as:

⇒ (A² + 1)/A = -1

⇒ A² + 1 = - A

⇒  A2 = - A - 1  ----(1)

Now, multiply the above equation by x on both sides.

⇒ A³ = - A² - A      ----(2)

Substitute equation (1) in equation (2), 

⇒ A³ = -A - (-1 - A)

⇒ A³ = -A + 1 + A

⇒ A³ = 1 

It can be written as:

⇒ A³ - 1 = 0

The required expression can be written as:

⇒ $\frac{A^6 + A^3 - 1}{ A^9 + A^3 - 1}$

⇒ $\frac{A^6 + 0}{ A^9 + 0 } = \frac{1}{A^3}$

⇒ 1/1 = 1

Therefore, '1' is the required answer.

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Expand the given equation to find the variable components: 2x² + 6x + 5 = 16.

Isolate the quadratic terms: 2x² + 6x = 11.

Multiply the isolated terms by 2 to match the target expression: 4x² + 12x = 22.

Add the constant 40 to the result: 22 + 40 = 62.

∴ The correct answer is 62.

Alternate Method

Given: (x + 1)² + (x + 2)² = 16

Method Used: Expansion using Algebraic Identity (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² and substitution.

⇒ (x² + 2x + 1) + (x² + 4x + 4) = 16

⇒ 2x² + 6x + 5 = 16

⇒ 2x² + 6x = 16 − 5

⇒ 2x² + 6x = 11

To find the value of 4x² + 12x + 40, we multiply the above equation by 2:

⇒ 2 × (2x² + 6x) = 2 × 11

⇒ 4x² + 12x = 22

Now, add 40 to both sides of the expression:

⇒ (4x² + 12x) + 40 = 22 + 40

⇒ 4x² + 12x + 40 = 62

∴ The correct answer is 62.

Additional Information

Standard Algebraic Identities

Basic square expansions like (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² and (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b² are fundamental for simplifying polynomial expressions.

Quadratic Polynomial Evaluation

When asked to find the value of a higher-degree expression based on a lower-degree equation, look for common multiples or factors between the coefficients.

Nature of Roots

For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, the Discriminant (D = b² − 4ac) determines if the roots are real, equal, or imaginary.

Shortcut Trick

Speed of the first train (S₁) = 360 ÷ 30 = 12 m/s.

Relative Speed in opposite direction = (360 + 360) ÷ 15 = 720 ÷ 15 = 48 m/s.

Speed of the second train (S₂) = Relative Speed − S₁ = 48 − 12 = 36 m/s.

∴ The correct answer is 36 m/s.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of Train 1 (L₁) = 360 m

Time to cross electric pole = 30 sec

Length of Train 2 (L₂) = 360 m

Time to cross each other in opposite direction = 15 sec

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Relative Speed (Opposite) = S₁ + S₂

Calculations:

⇒ Speed of Train 1 (S₁) = L₁ ÷ Time to cross pole

⇒ S₁ = 360 ÷ 30 = 12 m/s

⇒ Total Distance while crossing each other = L₁ + L₂ = 360 + 360 = 720 m

⇒ Relative Speed = Total Distance ÷ Time to cross each other

⇒ S₁ + S₂ = 720 ÷ 15

⇒ 12 + S₂ = 48

⇒ S₂ = 48 − 12 = 36 m/s

∴ The correct answer is 36 m/s.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concepts

When moving in the opposite direction, Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂. When moving in the same direction, Relative Speed = |S₁ − S₂|.

Crossing Distance

The distance covered to cross a stationary point (pole, person) is the train length. To cross another object with length (train, bridge), the distance is (L₁ + L₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Shortcut Trick

Total difference in percentage = Gain% − (−Loss%) = 13% + 15% = 28%

According to the question, 28% of Cost Price (CP) = ₹84

Then, 1% of CP = 84 ÷ 28 = ₹3

To gain 20% profit, required Selling Price (SP) = 120% of CP

Required SP = 120 × 3 = ₹360

∴ The correct answer is ₹360.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial Loss = 15%, Hypothetical Gain = 13%, Difference in SP = ₹84.

Formula Used: Selling Price = CP × (100 ± Profit or Loss%)/100

⇒ Let the Cost Price (CP) of the article be 100 units.

⇒ Case 1: 15% Loss → SP₁ = 100 − 15 = 85 units.

⇒ Case 2: 13% Gain → SP₂ = 100 + 13 = 113 units.

⇒ Difference = SP₂ − SP₁ = 113 − 85 = 28 units.

⇒ 28 units = ₹84

⇒ 1 unit = 84 ÷ 28 = ₹3

⇒ CP = 100 units = 100 × 3 = ₹300

⇒ Required SP for 20% gain = 300 × (120/100) = 300 × 1.2

⇒ Required SP = ₹360

∴ The correct answer is ₹360.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss on Cost Price

Profit and Loss percentages are always calculated on the Cost Price unless specified otherwise. Profit = SP − CP, Loss = CP − SP.

Combined Percentage Change

When there is a shift from a Loss to a Profit, the total percentage change is the numerical sum of the two percentages: Total % Change = Profit% + Loss%.

Marked Price and Discount

Marked Price (MP) is the price printed on the label. Discount is always calculated on MP: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%)/100.

Given:

Two medians DM and EN of ΔDEF intersect each other at G at right angles.

EF = 20 cm and EN = 12 cm

Concept Used:

Median divides the opposite side into two equal parts.

Centroid is the intersection point of medians which divide the median into the ratio 2 : 1.

Calculation:

In ΔDEF EN is the median.

So, EG : GN = 2 : 1

EN = 12 cm

EG : GN = 8 : 4 

In ΔEGM

EM² = GM² + EG²

⇒ 10² = GM² + 8²

⇒ GM² = 100 - 64

⇒ GM = 6

Since DM is also a median

DG : GM = 2 : 1

DG = 2 × GM = 2 × 6 = 12 cm

DM = DG + GM = 12 + 6 = 18 cm

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Given:

sec x + tan x = √3 

x lies between 0° and 90°

Concept Used:

sec x = √(1 + tan² x)

Calculation:

sec x + tan x = √3 

⇒ √(1 + tan2 x) + tan x = √3 

⇒ √(1 + tan2 x) = √3 - tan x

Squaring both sides

⇒ [√(1 + tan2 x)]² = (√3 - tan x)²

⇒ 1 + tan2 x = 3 + tan² x - 2√3 tan x

⇒ 1 = 3 - 2√3 tan x

⇒ 2√3 tan x = 2

⇒ tan x = 1/√3

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Calculation:

Average expenditure of company J in year A and B = (400 + 300)/2 = 350

Average expenditure of company K in year C and D = (500 + 300)/2 = 400

L1 = The difference between average expenditure of company J in year A and B and the average expenditure of company K in year C and D

L1 = 400 - 350 = 50

L2 = The value of average expenditure of company K in all 5 years,

L2 = (1000 + 700 + 500 + 300 + 200)/5 = 2700/5 = 540

The value of (L2 - L1) = 540 - 50 = 490

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Since the number of male and female employees is equal, their ratio is 1 : 1.

The overall average age is exactly the midpoint of the male average and female average.

Overall Average = (Male Average + Female Average) ÷ 2

32 = (Male Average + 24) ÷ 2

Male Average = (32 × 2) − 24 = 40

∴ The correct answer is 40 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average age of female employees = 24 years

Average age of all employees = 32 years

Number of male employees = Number of female employees

Formula Used:

By the rule of alligation, Ratio = (Overall Average − Female Average) : (Male Average − Overall Average)

Male (M) Female (24)

Avg: 32

32 − 24 = 8 M − 32 Ratio = 1 : 1

Calculations:

⇒ Let the average age of male employees be M.

⇒ Since the number of male and female employees is equal, their ratio is 1 : 1.

⇒ Male ratio : Female ratio = (32 − 24) : (M − 32)

⇒ 1 : 1 = 8 : (M − 32)

⇒ 1 ÷ 1 = 8 ÷ (M − 32)

⇒ M − 32 = 8

⇒ M = 32 + 8 = 40

∴ The correct answer is 40 years.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

When combining two different groups with averages A₁ and A₂, and count n₁ and n₂, the overall average is computed as A_mix = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Alligation Rule

Alligation provides a direct ratio in which two quantities must be mixed to produce a desired overall average. The crossing difference yields the quantity ratio: n₁ : n₂ = (A₂ − A_mix) : (A_mix − A₁).

Given:

 ∠B = 90 degree

AB = 12 cm

BC = 5 cm

Concept Used:

Pythagoras Theorem

Hypotenuse² = Base² + Perpendicular²

cos A = Base/Hypotenuse

sin C = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse

Calculation:

 

Apply Pythagoras Theorem

AC2 = BC2 + AB2

⇒ AC² = 5² + 12²

⇒ AC² = 25 + 144

⇒ AC = 13

cos A = Base/Hypotenuse = 12/13

sin C = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse = 12/13

⇒ cos A + sin C = 12/13 + 12/13

⇒ 24/13

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

$\frac{15 \div 5 \times 3 - 12 \times 12 \div 6 + 15 \div 5 \times 6}{18 \div 3 \times 5 - 12 \div 6 \times 5 + 18 \div 9 \times 5}$

Concept used:

Calculation:

$\frac{15 \div 5 \times 3 - 12 \times 12 \div 6 + 15 \div 5 \times 6}{18 \div 3 \times 5 - 12 \div 6 \times 5 + 18 \div 9 \times 5}$

$\frac{9 - 24+ 18}{30 - 10 + 10}$

$\frac{3}{30}$

1/10

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.

Given:

PX is a tangent drawn from point X.

O is the centre of the circle.

Radius of this circle is 10 cm and OX = 26 cm.

Concept Used:

When a tangent is drawn from an external point to a circle, it forms a right angle with the radius drawn to the point of tangency.

Pythagoras theorem

Hypotenuse² = Base² + Perpendicular²

Calculation:

Here PX is the tangent makes 90° angle with the radius.

In triangle OPX,

OP = 10 cm

OX = 26 cm

Apply Pythagoras theorem

Hypotenuse2 = Base2 + Perpendicular2

262 = 102 + Perpendicular2

Perpendicular² =  262 - 102 

Perpendicular2 = 676 - 100

Perpendicular2 = 576

Perpendicular = 24 cm

PX = 24 cm

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Dismantle'.

Key Points

• Amalgamate refers to combining or uniting to form one organization or structure.(एकीकरण करना)
• It implies the fusion or merging of different elements, entities, or groups into a unified whole.
• Dismantle means to take apart or break down into its constituent parts.(विघटन करना)
• This term is generally used when something that was put together is being separated or taken apart.
• This term is the antonym of "amalgamate", as it refers to the opposite process.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Dismantle'.

Additional Information

• Now, let's look at the options and their explanations:
• Integrate: Integration refers to the process of combining or bringing together parts or elements to form a whole. (एकीकृत करना)
• Combine: It refers to the process of joining or bringing together two or more things to create a unified entity. (जोड़ना)
• Coalesce: It refers to the process of coming together to form one mass or whole.(एक होना)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Trunk'.

Key Points

• Trnuk: This is not a valid English word, so it is incorrectly spelled.
• The correct spelling is "trunk".
• It refers to the main woody stem of a tree, the main part of a person's body excluding the limbs and head, or a large box used for transporting or storing items."(तना/शरीर/पेटी)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Trunk'.

Additional Information

• Blade: This word is spelled correctly. A blade is the flat cutting edge of a knife, saw, or other tool or weapon.
• Mentor: This word is spelled correctly. A mentor is a person who gives a younger or less experienced person help and advice over a period of time, especially at work or school.(मार्गदर्शक)
• Dinner: This word is spelled correctly. Dinner typically refers to the most substantial meal of the day, which can be eaten at midday or in the evening. It can also refer to a formal evening meal.(रात का भोजन)

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Irritate'.

Key Points

• Nark: It can be used as a verb meaning to annoy or irritate.(चिढ़ाना)
• Irritate: Irritate means to annoy someone or make someone feel slightly angry.(चिढ़ाना)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Irritate'.

Additional Information

• Now, let's consider the options and their meanings:
• Reassure: Reassure means to say or do something to remove the doubts and fears of someone.(आश्वस्त करना)
• Solace: Solace means comfort or consolation in a time of great distress or sadness.(सांत्वना)
• Obligation: Obligation refers to an act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment.(कर्तव्य)

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The idiom "have people rolling in the aisles" is used to describe a situation where something or someone is extremely funny, making an audience laugh uncontrollably.(लोगों को बहुत हँसाना)
• The phrase likely originates from the physical act of laughing so hard that you might roll side to side, as if you were in the aisles of a theater.
• Make an audience laugh uncontrollably(दर्शकों को अनियंत्रित रूप से हँसाना): This option is the correct choice. It exactly matches the meaning of the idiom "have people rolling in the aisles".

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Make an audience laugh uncontrollably'.

Additional Information

• Now, let's examine the given options:
• To use false promises to pull people on one’s side: This option refers to manipulation or deceit in order to win someone's support or allegiance.(झूठे वादे करके लोगों को अपनी ओर खींचना)
• To have a dispute with someone: This option suggests having a disagreement or argument with someone. (किसी के साथ विवाद करना)
• Willing to do something immediately: This phrase refers to being eager or ready to take immediate action(तुरंत कुछ करने के लिए तत्पर)

The correct answer is 'Option 4' i.e. 'Crusade'.

Key Points

• The group of words "a religious war" refers to a war instigated or conducted in the name of religion or on religious grounds.
• Crusade: A crusade is a vigorous campaign for political, social, or religious change(धर्मयुद्ध)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Crusade'.

 Additional Information

• Inscription: An inscription is a piece of text or writing that is written or engraved on a surface.(अभिलेख)
• Colonialism: Colonialism is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.(औपनिवेशवाद)
• Colloquial: Colloquial means characteristic of or suitable for ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing(बोलचाल संबंधी)

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The cursor must be placed at the start of the line: This sentence is spelled correctly. Every word is written as it should be.
• The cursor must be plased at the strat of the line: This sentence contains two spelling errors. "Plased" should be "placed" and "strat" should be "start".
• The cursor must be plased at the start of the line: This sentence contains one spelling error. "Plased" should be "placed".
• The cursur must be placed at the start of the line: This sentence contains one spelling error. "Cursur" should be "cursor".

Therefore, the sentence with no spelling error is: "The cursor must be placed at the start of the line".

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• The idiom "in the flesh" is used when you want to say that you are seeing someone in person that you have heard about or seen in pictures, movies, TV, etc.
• It means to see or meet someone in person or in real life. (व्यक्तिगत रूप से)
• In bodily form: This phrase means in physical or tangible form, implying the actual presence of a person.(शारीरिक रूप में)
• This is the correct choice as it expresses the meaning of the idiom "in the flesh".

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'In bodily form'.

Additional Information

• Let's examine the given options:
• To be near death: This phrase suggests a state of being close to dying or experiencing a life-threatening situation. (मौत के करीब होना)
• To talk: This phrase simply refers to the act of engaging in speech or conversation.(बातचीत करना)
• To get a tattoo: This phrase refers to the act of getting a design inked on the skin, which is unrelated to the given idiom.(तत्तू बनवाना)

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• Here's an explanation of each part:
• P - "The shape of an egg has been highly regarded for its evolution" - This part serves as a good opening statement because it introduces the main subject: the shape of an egg.
• R - "As large enough to incubate an embryo, small enough to exit" - This is a description that elaborates on the qualities of the egg's shape mentioned in part P.
• Q - "The body in the most efficient way, not roll away once laid" - This continues the description started in part R, adding more qualities of the egg's shape.
• S - "Is structurally sound enough to bear weight and be the beginning of life for so many species" - This concluding part sums up why the shape of the egg has been highly regarded for its evolution, tying the sentence together neatly.

Therefore, the correct sentence arrangement is: 'PRQS' i.e. "The shape of an egg, as large enough to incubate an embryo, small enough to exit the body in the most efficient way, not roll away once laid, has been highly regarded for its evolution, is structurally sound enough to bear weight and be the beginning of life for so many species."

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• When converting direct speech into indirect or reported speech, certain rules need to be followed.
• For instance, verb tenses usually shift back in reported speech.
• The present tense becomes the past tense, future tense changes to conditional tense.
• He said that he would go to Indonesia the next day: This option correctly converts "will go" to "would go" and "tomorrow" to "the next day".
• It is a correct transformation of the direct speech into indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'He said that he would go to Indonesia the next day.'

Additional Information 

• Given this, let's analyze the options:
• He said that he would go to Indonesia tomorrow: This option incorrectly retains "tomorrow". In reported speech, "tomorrow" should become "the next day".
• He said that he would be going to Indonesia the next day: While this sentence is grammatically correct, it is a slightly more elaborate way of expressing the future in the past. The simpler form ("would go") is usually preferred.
• He said he would go to Indonesia by tomorrow: This option changes the meaning of the original sentence. "By tomorrow" implies he will go sometime before or at the designated time (tomorrow), which is not what the original sentence says.

The correct answer is 'makes'.

 

Key Points

• The verb 'disconsolate' means unable to be comforted or cheered up. (असंतोषजनक)
• Example: The disconsolate child cried for hours after losing his favourite toy.
• The correct word, 'makes,' in this context means to proceed, move or go. (बनाना or चलना)
• Example: He makes his way through the crowded market with ease.
• Hence, the correct word is 'makes.'

Therefore, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

 

Correct Sentence: 'A disconsolate Arjun makes his way back down the mountain.'

 

Additional Information

• Absconds means to leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or avoid arrest. (भाग जाना)
• Example: The thief absconds with the stolen jewels.
• Elopes means to run away secretly in order to get married, especially without parental consent. (भगकर शादी करना)
• Example: The young couple elopes due to their families' disapproval of their relationship.
• Deserts means to abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous. (त्याग देना)
• Example: He deserts his friends in their time of need.