SSC CHSL 2020 Official Paper 3 (Held On: 12 April 2021 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'Creativety'.

Key Points

• The correct spelling is 'Creativity'.
• 'Creativity' means the use of imagination or original ideas, especially in the production of artistic work. (रचनात्मकता)
• Example: Creativity, ingenuity, and flair are the songwriter's real talents.
• Some synonyms of the word 'creativity' are 'talent', 'imagination', 'cleverness'.
• Therefore, 'creativety' is incorrectly spelled in the given question.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Cloistered' means kept away from the outside world; sheltered. (एकांत)
• Example: These academics lead such a cloistered life.
• 'Maligned' means causing or intending to cause harm or evil. (नुक़सानदेह)
• Example: Foreign domination had a malign influence on local politics.
• 'Donations' means something that is given to a charity, especially a sum of money. (दान)
• Example: I'd like to make a small donation in my mother's name.

The correct answer is 'The sports coach asked the class prefect where the children had left their record books'.

Key Points

• The following changes occur when an interrogative sentence in the direct speech is changed to the indirect speech:
• Inverted commas ('' '') and question mark (?) will be removed.
• The simple past tense of the sentence (Subject+v2+object) will change into past perfect tense (Subject+had+v3+object).
• Example: She said, “Gautam arrived on Sunday. (Direct)

                           She said that Gautam had arrived on Sunday. (Indirect)

• No conjunction is used, if a sentence in direct speech begins with a question (what/where/when) as the “question-word” itself acts as a joining clause.
• Reporting verbs such as ‘said/ said to’ changes to enquired, asked, or demanded.
• While changing direct speech to indirect speech, the modals used in the sentences change like: can become could, may become might, etc.
• The first person in direct speech changes as per the subject of the speech.
• The second person of direct speech changes as per the object of reporting speech.
• The third person of direct speech doesn’t change.
• In the given sentence 'their' is the third person therefore no changes will be made.
• Hence, keeping all the rules in mind it can be concluded that option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: The sports coach asked the class prefect where the children had left their record books.

Additional Information 

Hinglish

• निम्नलिखित परिवर्तन तब होते हैं जब direct speech में एक प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य को indirect speech में बदल दिया जाता है:
• Inverted commas ('' '') और question mark (?) हटा दिए जाएंगे।
• वाक्य का Simple past tense (subject+v2+object) past perfect में बदल जाएगा (Subject+had+v3+object)।
• उदाहरण: She said, “Gautam arrived on Sunday. (Direct)

                         She said that Gautam had arrived on Sunday.  (Indirect)

• किसी भी Conjuction का उपयोग नहीं किया जाता है, यदि direct speech में एक वाक्य एक प्रश्न (what/where/when) से शुरू होता है क्योंकि "प्रश्न-शब्द" स्वयं एक joining clause के रूप में कार्य करता है।
• Reporting verb जैसे 'said/said to', enquired, asked, demanded में परिवर्तन।
• Direct speech को indirect speech में बदलते समय, वाक्यों में उपयोग किए जाने वाले modals बदल जाते हैं जैसे: can become could, may become might etc.
• Direct speech में first person speech के subject के अनुसार बदलता है।
• Direct speech का second person reporting speech के object के अनुसार बदलता है।
• Direct speech का third person नहीं बदलता है।
• दिए गए वाक्य में 'their' third person है इसलिए कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया जाएगा।
• अतः सभी नियमों को ध्यान में रखते हुए यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।

सही वाक्य: The sports coach asked the class prefect where the children had left their record books.

The correct answer is 'BADC'.

Key Points

• While carefully reading all the statements carefully we can conclude that sentence B is the introductory statement.
• Sentence B will come first because it is introducing us to the fact that Palampur village has around 450 families belonging to different castes and creeds.
• Sentence A will come second because it is talking about the main activity of the people of Palampur which is farming.
• Sentence D is in continuation with sentence A because the use of 'other activities' in sentence D is indicating that apart from farming (mentioned in sentence A) they are also involved in dairy, transport, small-scale industries, etc.
• Sentence C will come last because it is talking about the road connectivity of the village.
• Therefore, the correct order is 'BADC'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct arrangement: Palampur village has around 450 families which belong to different castes and creeds. The main activity of Palampur is farming and 80 families of the upper caste own the majority of land in Palampur. There are other activities in Palampur like dairy, transport, small-scale manufacturing, etc. which also help run the economy in the village. The neighboring towns of the village are well connected and all-weather roads are also well connected.

Additional Information

• 'Majority' means the greater number.
• Example: In the majority of cases all will go smoothly.
• 'Creed' means faith. 
• Example: People of many creeds and cultures.

Hinglish

• सभी कथनों को ध्यान से पढ़कर हम यह निष्कर्ष निकाल सकते हैं कि वाक्य B introductory कथन है।
• वाक्य B पहले आएगा क्योंकि यह हमें इस तथ्य से परिचित करा रहा है कि पालमपुर गाँव में विभिन्न जातियों और पंथों के लगभग 450 परिवार हैं।
• वाक्य A दूसरे स्थान पर आएगा क्योंकि यह पालमपुर के लोगों की मुख्य गतिविधियां के बारे में बात कर रहा है जो खेती है।
• वाक्य D वाक्य A के क्रम में है क्योंकि वाक्य D में 'other activities' का प्रयोग यह दर्शात�� है कि खेती के अलावा (वाक्य A में उल्लिखित) वे डेयरी, परिवहन, लघु उद्योग आदि में भी शामिल हैं।
• वाक्य C सबसे अंत में आएगा क्योंकि यह गांव की सड़क संपर्क के बारे में बात कर रहा है।
• अतः सही व्यवस्था 'BADC' है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• 'Majority' का अर्थ है 'बहुमत'।
• उदाहरण: In the majority of cases all will go smoothly.
• 'Creed' का अर्थ है धार्मिक पंथ।
• उदाहरण: People of many creeds and cultures.

सही क्रम: Palampur village has around 450 families which belong to different castes and creeds. The main activity of Palampur is farming and 80 families of the upper caste own the majority of land in Palampur. There are other activities in Palampur like dairy, transport, small-scale manufacturing, etc. which also help run the economy in the village. The neighboring towns of the village are well connected and all-weather roads are also well connected.

The correct answer is 'Destractsion'.

Key Points

• The correct spelling is 'Distraction'.
• 'Distraction' means a thing that prevents someone from giving full attention to something else. (वह चीज जो किसी को किसी और चीज पर पूरा ध्यान देने से रोकती है)
• Example: I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction.
• Some synonyms of the word 'distraction' are 'disturbance, 'confusion', 'disorder'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'distraction' are 'peace', 'calm', 'order'.
• Therefore, 'destractsion' is incorrectly spelled in the given question.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Provoke' means to stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone. (उकसाना)
• Example: The decision provoked a storm of protest from civil rights organizations.
• 'Kindle' means light or set on fire. (प्रज्वलित करना)
• Example: We set up our tents and kindled a fire.
• 'Procure' means obtain (something), especially with care or effort. (खरीद)
• Example: I managed to procure two tickets for the match.

The correct answer is 'Fumbling'.

Key Points

• 'Fumbling' means doing or handling something clumsily. (लड़खड़ाना)
• Example: She bolted the door with fumbling fingers.
• Some synonyms of the word 'fumbling' are 'mishandling', 'mismanage'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'fumbling' are 'better', 'improve', 'enhance'.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word for the given sentence is 'Fumbling'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

 Additional InformationLet's learn about the other given options:

• 'Faltering' means losing strength or momentum. (हीनता)
• Example: This legislation is designed to stimulate the faltering economy.
• 'Hastening' means be quick to do something. (जल्दबाजी)
• Example: He hastened to refute the assertion.
• 'Stumbling' means tripping or losing one's balance while walking; moving with difficulty. (चलते समय संतुलन खोना)
• Example: They began their stumbling walk home.

The correct answer is 'Fairness'.

Key Points

• 'Bias' means prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. (पक्षपात)
• Example: There was evidence of bias against foreign applicants.
• 'Fairness' means impartial and just treatment or behavior without favoritism or discrimination. (निष्पक्षता)
• Example: Part of my role is to ensure fairness to all parties.
• Some synonyms of the word 'bias' are 'prejudice', 'partiality', 'favoritism'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'bias' are 'justice', impartial'
• Therefore, 'Fairness' is the most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Bias'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Stage' means a point, period, or step in a process or development. (अवस्था)
• Example: There is no need at this stage to give explicit details.
• 'Prejudice' means an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge. (पूर्वधारणा)
• Example: Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced.
• 'Prestige' means widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality. (प्रतिष्ठा)
• Example: He experienced a tremendous increase in prestige following his victory.

The correct answer is 'has prepare well'.

Key Points

• The sentence can be divided into two parts.
• The first part of the sentence is in the simple future tense.
• The structure of the sentence in the simple future tense: Subject+will/shall+V1+object
• Therefore the first part of the sentence is error-free.
• The error lies in the second part of the sentence.
• The second part of the sentence is in the present perfect tense.
• The present perfect tense is used to describe actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present.
• The structure of the sentence in the present perfect tense: subject+has/have+V3+object.
• Example: David has arrive. (Incorrect)

                           David has arrived. (Correct)

• In the given sentence the main verb 'prepare' is in its base form(v1) which needs to be converted into past participle form i.e, v3 form.
• Therefore, in the given sentence 'prepare' should be changed into 'prepared'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: We will definitely win the match this time because our team has prepared well.

Additional Information

Hinglish

• वाक्य को दो भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है।
• वाक्य का पहला भाग simple future tense में है।
• Simple future tense में वाक्य की संरचना: Subject+will/shall+V1+object
• अतः वाक्य का प्रथम भाग त्रुटिरहित है।
• त्रुटि वाक्य के दूसरे भाग में है।
• वाक्य present perfect tense में है।
• Present perfect tense का उपयोग उन क्रियाओं का वर्णन करने के लिए किया जाता है जो अतीत में हुई थीं लेकिन अभी भी वर्तमान के लिए प्रासंगिक हैं।
• Present perfect tense में वाक्य की संरचना: subject+has/have+V3+object.
• उदाहरण: David has arrive. (Incorrect)

                                   David has arrived. (Correct)

• दिए गए वाक्य में main verb 'prepare' अपने मूल रूप (v1) में है जिसे past participle रूप यानी v3 रूप में परिवर्तित करने की आवश्यकता है।
• अतः दिए गए वाक्य में 'prepare' को 'prepared' में बदल देना चाहिए।
• अत: विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।

सही वाक्य: We will definitely win the match this time because our team has prepared well.

The correct answer is 'Sufficient'.

Key Points

• 'Sufficient' means enough; adequate. (पर्याप्त)
• Example: They had sufficient resources to survive.
• The given sentence is enquiring whether there is enough information about the location.
• Some synonyms of the word 'sufficient' are 'enough', 'adequate', 'plenty', 'ample', 'abundant'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'sufficient' are 'insufficient, 'deficiency', 'lacking', 'inadequate'.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in the given blank is 'Sufficient'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The complete sentence: Have you checked if we have sufficient information about the location?

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Insufficient' means not enough; inadequate. (अपर्याप्त)
• Example: There was insufficient evidence to convict him.
• 'Profuse' means produced or given in large amounts. (अत्यधिक)
• Example: The company accepted blame and sent us profuse apologies.
• 'Inadequate' means lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose. (अपर्याप्त)
• Example: This work is woefully inadequate - you'll have to do it again.

The correct answer is 'Eight villages in the state were visited by the central team to assess the damage to the crops'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in simple past active voice.
• Following rules should be kept in mind while changing the sentence in simple past active voice into passive voice:
• Identify the (S+V+O) i.e, Subject, Verb, and object in the active sentence to convert to passive voice.
• In the given sentence 'central team' is the subject, 'visited' is the verb, and 'eight villages' is the object.
• Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. object of the active sentence become the subject of the passive sentence.
• Change the main verb in the active sentence into the past participle ie. the third form verb in a passive sentence. Base verbs are never used in passive voice sentences.
• The word 'by' is used before the subject in sentences in the passive voice.
• Use the suitable helping or auxiliary verb (is/am/are/was, etc.) according to the tense of the sentence.
• The given sentence is in simple past tense therefore, 'were' will be used as an auxiliary verb.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: Eight villages in the state were visited by the central team to assess the damage to the crops.

Additional Information

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य simple past active voice में है।
• Simple past active voice में वाक्य को passive voice में बदलते समय निम्नलिखित नियमों को ध्यान में रखा जाना चाहिए:
• Passive voice में बदलने के लिए active voice में (s+ v+ o) यानी subject, verb और object की पहचान करें।
• दिए गए वाक्य में 'Central team' subject है, 'visited' verb है, और 'eight villages' object है।
• Object और subject को आपस में बदल दें, यानी active sentence की object passive voice का subject बन जाती है।
• Active sentence में main verb को past participle में बदलें। Passive voice वाक्यों में base verb का कभी भी उपयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
• Passive voice में वाक्यों में subject से पहले 'by' शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
• वाक्य के tense के अनुसार auxiliary verb (is/am/are/was, आदि) का प्रयोग करें।
• दिया गया वाक्य simple past tense में है इसलिए, 'were' का प्रयोग auxiliary verb के रूप में किया जाएगा।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।

सही वाक्य: Eight villages in the state were visited by the central team to assess the damage to the crops.

The correct answer is 'Caught in the act of doing something illegal'.

Key Points

• The idiom 'caught red-handed' means to catch someone while they are doing something illegal or wrong.
• Example: He was caught red-handed taking money from the till.
• Therefore, the most appropriate meaning of the given idiomatic expression is 'Caught in the act of doing something illegal'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about some more idioms:

• 'Red Letter Day’ means a day that is special, happy, pleasant, etc.; a day that is remembered fondly; a pleasurable or significant special occasion. 
• Example: The last day of school before summer vacation is a red-letter day for the students.
• 'Paint the Town Red' means to go out and have a lively good time.
• Example: Now that summer is here and school is out, it’s time to paint the town red.

Hinglish

• 'Caught red-handed' मुहावरे का अर्थ है किसी को अवैध या गलत करते हुए पकड़ना।
• उदाहरण : He was caught red-handed taking money from the till.
• अतः दी गई मुहावरेदार अभिव्यक्ति का सबसे उपयुक्त अर्थ 'caught in the act of doing something illegal' है।
• अत: विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।
• 'Red letter day' का अर्थ है एक ऐसा दिन जो विशेष, खुश, सुखद, आदि है; एक दिन जिसे प्यार से याद किया जाता है; एक सुखद या महत्वपूर्ण विशेष अवसर।
• उदाहरण:The last day of school before summer vacation is a red-letter day for the students.
• 'Paint the town red' का अर्थ है बाहर जाना और अच्छा समय बिताना।
• उदाहरण:  Now that summer is here and school is out, it’s time to paint the town red.

The correct answer 'what you'.

Key Points

• A noun clause functions as a noun in a sentence.
• It follows a linking or copular verb to describe or modify the subject of a sentence.
• Unlike Noun phrases, noun clauses contain both a subject and a verb.
• For example: Do you know what time it is?
• In the example given above the bolded noun clauses are dependent clauses.
• In the given sentence 'that you are trying to say' is a noun clause.
• In this sentence, the most appropriate pronoun will be 'what' instead of 'that' because 'understand' does not take a 'that-clause.'
• We can use 'what' as a pronoun to mean 'the thing that'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: I cannot understand what you are trying to say.

Additional Information

• A noun clause can be used as the subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, subject complement, or appositive.
• Example:
• Subject: What I had forgotten was that I had a test today.
• Direct Object: You must choose which flavor of ice cream you want.

Hinglish

• Noun clause वाक्य में संज्ञा के रूप में कार्य करता है।
• यह एक वाक्य के विषय का वर्णन करने या संशोधित करने के लिए एक linking or copular verb का अनुसरण करता है।
• Noun phrases के विपरीत, noun clauses में एक subject और एक verb दोनों होते हैं।
• उदाहरण: Do you know what time it is?
• ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरण में bold हिस्सा noun clause dependent clause हैं।
• दिए गए वाक्य में 'that you are trying to say' एक noun clause है।
• इस वाक्य में सबसे उपयुक्त pronoun 'what' होगा क्योंकि 'understanding' शब्द 'that-clause' नहीं लेता है।
• हम 'what' का उपयोग pronoun के रूप में 'the thing that' कहने के लिए कर सकते हैं।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• एक noun clause का उपयोग subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, subject complement, or appositive के रूप में किया जा सकता है।
• उदाहरण:  
• Subject: What I had forgotten was that I had a test today.
• Direct Object: You must choose which flavor of ice cream you want.

सही वाक्य: I cannot understand what you are trying to say.

The correct answer is 'Arbitrary'.

Key Points

• 'Random' means made, done, happening, or chosen without method or conscious decision. (बिना सोचे समझे)
• Example: A random sample of 100 households.
• 'Arbitrary' means based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system. (विवेकाधीन)
• Example: Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?
• Some synonyms of the word 'random' are 'arbitrary', 'unconsidered', 'casual', 'unplanned'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'random' are 'planned', 'definite', 'specific', 'systematic'.
• Therefore, the most appropriate synonym of the given word is 'Arbitrary'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Definite' means clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful. (निश्चित)
• Example: We had no definite plans.
• 'Reasonable' means (of a person) having sound judgment; fair and sensible. (उचित)
• Example: He went free because the jury decided there was a reasonable doubt about his guilt.
• 'Planned' means a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something. (योजना)
• Example: What are your plans for this weekend?

The correct answer is 'No substitution required'.

Key Points

• Inversion happens when we reverse (invert) the normal word order of a structure, most commonly the subject-verb word order.
• When we use an adverb with a negative meaning (e.g. never, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly) in the front position for emphasis, we invert the subject and auxiliary/modal verb.
• Example: Seldom does one hear a politician say ‘sorry’.
• Therefore, the given sentence is correct, and 'no substitution' is required.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: Seldom do we find so many birds nesting during this season.

Additional Information

• We also invert the subject and verb after not + a prepositional phrase or a clause in the initial position.
• Example: Not for a moment did I think I would be offered the job, so I was amazed when I got it.
• Inversion can happen after 'here', and after 'there' when they are used as adverbs of place.
• Example: Here comes the bus!

Hinglish

• Inversion तब होता है जब हम किसी संरचना के सामान्य शब्द क्रम को उल्टा करते हैं, आमतौर पर subject-verb शब्द क्रम।
• जब हम नकारात्मक अर्थ वाले adverbs का उपयोग करते हैं (उदाहरण के लिए, never, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly) जोर देने के लिए front position में, हम subject और auxiliary/modal verb को उलट देते हैं।
• उदाहरण:  Seldom does one hear a politician say ‘sorry’.
• इसलिए, दिया गया वाक्य सही है, और 'कोई substitution' की आवश्यकता नहीं है।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।
• हम subject और verb को not + a prepositional phrase or a clause के बाद भी इनवर्ट करते हैं।
• उदाहरण: Not for a moment did I think I would be offered the job, so I was amazed when I got it.
• Inversion 'here' के, और 'there' के बाद हो सकता है, जब यह adverb of place के रूप में होता हैं।
• उदाहरण: Here comes the bus!

सही वाक्य: Seldom do we find so many birds nesting during this season.

The correct answer is 'Hoard'.

Key Points

• 'Fritter' means waste time, money, or energy on trifling matters. (व्यर्थ नष्ट करना)
• Example: I wish we hadn't frittered the money away so easily.
• 'Hoard' means a stock or store of money or valued objects, typically one that is secret or carefully guarded. (इकट्ठा करना)
• Example: He came back to rescue his little hoard of gold.
• Some synonyms of the word 'Fritter' are 'squander', 'misspend', 'overspend', 'dissipate'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'Fritter' are 'Save', 'hoard', 'hold', 'store'.
• Therefore, the most appropriate antonym of the given word is 'Hoard'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other options:

• 'Spoil' means diminish or destroy the value or quality of. (खराब करना)
• Example: I wouldn't want to spoil your fun.
• 'Spread' means open out (something) so as to extend its surface area, width, or length. (फैला हुआ)
• Example: I spread a towel on the sand and sat down.
• 'Waste' means to use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose. (गंवाना)
• Example: We can't afford to waste electricity.

The correct answer is 'Participants'.

Key Points

• 'Participants' means a person who takes part in something. (भाग लेने वाला)
• Example: Eager students would become firsthand participants in archaeological exploration.
• In the given sentence it is clear that a training programme will be conducted.
• So, all the students who will take part in this training programme will learn different methods of communication.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in the given blank is 'Participants'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The complete sentence: This training programme for students will help the participants understand the different methods of communication.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Critic' means a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something. (आलोचक) 
• Example: Critics say many schools are not prepared to handle the influx of foreign students.
• 'Organizer' means a person who organizes. (व्यवस्था करनेवाला)
• Example: He worked as a union organizer all around the state of New Jersey.
• 'Trainer' means a person who trains people or animals. (प्रशिक्षक) 
• Example: A racehorse owner and trainer.

The correct answer is 'can't be able to'.

Key Points

• The error lies in 'can't be able to'.
• Could, would, and should are all used to talk about possible events or situations, but each one tells us something different.
• Could is used to say that an action or event is possible.
• Example: Adam could visit us on Monday. (This tells us that it is possible Adam will visit on Monday, maybe he can visit us, but maybe he has other options, too. Visiting us is one possibility.)
• Would is used to talk about a possible or imagined situation and is often used when that possible situation is not going to happen. It is used to refer to future time from the point of view of the past.
• Example: Adam would visit us on Monday. (This tells us that we can imagine a situation in which Adam wants to visit us on Monday, but maybe it is not actually possible. Adam is willing to visit us, under the right conditions or if he can).
• 'Would not' is the negative form of 'would'.
• In the given sentence, 'wouldn't' will be used in place of 'can't' because it tells us that the speaker is willing to complete the project by Monday but he will not be able to complete it because it is tough.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: The project is tough and I wouldn't be able to complete it by Monday.

Additional Information

• Should is used to say that something is the proper or best thing to do or to say that someone ought to do something or must do something.
• Example: Adam should visit us on Monday. (This tells us that Adam visiting on Monday is a good idea, or that it is something Adam is obligated to do).

Hinglish

• त्रुटि 'can't be able to' में है।
• संभावित घटनाओं या स्थितियों के बारे में बात करने के लिए could, would, and should उपयोग किया जा सकता है।
• Could का उपयोग यह कहने के लिए किया जाता है कि कोई क्रिया या घटना संभव है।
• उदाहरण: Adam could visit us on Monday. (यह हमें बताता है कि यह संभव है कि Adam सोमवार को आएगा, शायद वह हमसे मिल सकता है, लेकिन हो सकता है कि उसके पास अन्य विकल्प भी हों। हमारे पास आना एक संभावना है।)
• Would  का उपयोग संभावित या कल्पित स्थिति के बारे में बात करने के लिए किया जाता है और अक्सर इसका उपयोग तब किया जाता है जब वह संभावित स्थिति नहीं होने वाली होती है। इसका प्रयोग भूतकाल की दृष्टि से भविष्य के समय को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: Adam would visit us on Monday. (यह हमें बताता है कि हम ऐसी स्थिति की कल्पना कर सकते हैं जिसमें Adam सोमवार को हमसे मिलने आना चाहता है, लेकिन शायद यह वास्तव में संभव नहीं है। Adam सही परिस्थितियों में या यदि वह कर सकता है तो हमसे मिलने के लिए तैयार है)।
• 'Wouldn't' 'would' का नकारात्मक रूप है।
• दिए गए वाक्य में, 'can't' के स्थान पर 'would' का प्रयोग किया जाएगा क्योंकि यह हमें बताता है कि speaker सोमवार तक प्रोजेक्ट को पूरा करने के लिए तैयार है लेकिन वह इसे पूरा नहीं कर पाएगा क्योंकि यह कठिन है।
• अत: विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।
• Should का उपयोग यह कहने के लिए किया जाता है कि कुछ करना उचित है या सबसे अच्छी बात है, या यह कहना कि किसी को कुछ करना चाहिए।
• उदाहरण: Adam should visit us on Monday. (यह हमें बताता है कि सोमवार को Adam का दौरा करना एक अच्छा विचार है, या यह कुछ ऐसा है जिसे करने के लिए Adam बाध्य है)।

सही वाक्य: The project is tough and I wouldn't be able to complete it by Monday.

The correct answer is 'BADC'.

Key Points

• While reading all the statements carefully it can be concluded that sentence B is the introductory statement.
• Sentence B will come first because it is introducing us to the idea of 'Comprehension'.
• It is telling us that comprehension is the ability to understand something that is spoken or written.
• Sentence A is in continuation with sentence B because it is telling us about how the understanding comes from the written texts.
• It is telling us that we comprehend the printed texts by establishing the relation between the printed words and our prior knowledge of the world.
• Sentence D will come in the third place because it is telling us that active reading is also helpful in understanding.
• We make connections and inferences while reading.
• Sentence C will come in the last because it is telling us that apart from reading and writing, listening comprehension also enables us to understand and make sense of the spoken language.
• Therefore, the correct order is 'BADC'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct arrangement: Comprehension is the ability or process of understanding something that is spoken or written. Understanding a printed text comes from the interaction between printed words and one’s prior knowledge of the world. In active reading, readers think about their reading and make connections and inferences. Listening comprehension, however, involves multiple processes in understanding and making sense of spoken language.

Additional Information

• 'Prior' means existing or coming before in time, order, or importance. 
• Example: He has a prior engagement this evening.
• 'Inferences' means a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
• Example: Researchers are entrusted with drawing inferences from the data.

Hinglish

• सभी कथनों को ध्यान से पढ़ने पर यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि वाक्य B introductory कथन है।
• वाक्य B पहले आएगा क्योंकि यह हमें 'comprehension' के विचार से परिचित करा रहा है।
• यह हमें बता रहा है कि comprehension किसी ऐसी चीज को समझने की क्षमता है जो बोली या लिखी जाती है।
• वाक्य A वाक्य B के साथ निरंतरता में है क्योंकि यह हमें बता रहा है कि लिखित ग्रंथों से समझ कैसे आती है।
• यह हमें बता रहा है कि हम printed शब्दों और दुनिया के हमारे पूर्व ज्ञान के बीच संबंध स्थापित करके printed ग्रंथों को समझते हैं।
• तीसरे स्थान पर वाक्य D आएगा क्योंकि यह हमें बता रहा है कि active reading भी समझने में सहायक होता है।
• पढ़ते समय हम संबंध और निष्कर्ष निकालते हैं।
• वाक्य C सबसे अंत में आएगा क्योंकि यह हमें बता रहा है कि पढ़ने और लिखने के अलावा, सुनने की समझ भी हमें बोली जाने वाली भाषा को समझने में सक्षम बनाती है।
• इसलिए, सही क्रम 'BADC' है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• 'Prior' का अर्थ है पूर्व।
• उदाहरण: He has a prior engagement this evening.
• 'Inference' का अर्थ साक्ष्य और तर्क के आधार पर किसी निष्कर्ष पर पहुंचा है।
• उदाहरण: Researchers are entrusted with drawing inferences from the data.

उचित क्रम: Comprehension is the ability or process of understanding something that is spoken or written. Understanding a printed text comes from the interaction between printed words and one’s prior knowledge of the world. In active reading, readers think about their reading and make connections and inferences. Listening comprehension, however, involves multiple processes in understanding and making sense of spoken language.

The correct answer is 'Psephologist'.

Key Points

• 'Psephologist' is a person who studies elections and voting statistics. (चुनाव विश्लेषक)
• Example: As a psephologist, she memorizes every constituency, candidate, and outcome obsessively.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option for the given sentence is 'Psephologist'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Analyst' is a person who conducts analysis. (विश्लेषक)
• Example: Rising consumer confidence and falling oil prices are the keys to any upturn, many analysts believe.
• 'Psychologist' is an expert or specialist in psychology. (मनोवैज्ञानिक)
• Example: An educational psychologist.
• 'Mathematician' is an expert in or student of mathematics. (गणितज्ञ)
• Example: The risks can be so complex that banks hire mathematicians to puzzle them out.

The correct answer is 'Strengthen'.

Key Points

• 'Bolster' means to support or improve something or make it stronger. (किसी चीज का समर्थन या सुधार करना या उसे मजबूत बनाना)
• Example: She tried to bolster my confidence by telling me that I had a special talent.
• Some synonyms of the word 'bolster' are 'strengthen', 'support', 'reinforce', 'uphold', 'boost'.
• Some antonyms of the word 'bolster' are 'obstruct', 'weaken', 'discourage'.
• Therefore, the most appropriate synonym of the given word is 'Strengthen'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Embolden' means to make someone brave. (साहसी बनाना)
• Example: Emboldened by her earlier success, Lynn’s recent work has been even more imaginative.
• 'Weaken' means to make or become weaker in power, resolve, or physical strength. (कमज़ोर करना)
• Example: Fault lines had weakened and shattered the rocks.
• 'Discourage' means cause (someone) to lose confidence or enthusiasm. (हतोत्साहित करना)
• Example: Her criticism had discouraged him.

The correct answer is 'To be ready and eager to listen'.

Key Points

• The idiom 'To be all ears' means to be ready and eager to hear what one has to say.
• Example: Tell me about your first day at the new job, I'm all ears!
• Therefore, the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom is 'to be ready and eager to listen'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationLet's learn about some more idioms:

• 'Be all eyes' means to watch something intently.
• Example: The children were all eyes when the magician started performing.
• 'Be all fingers and thumbs' means to be clumsy or awkward in your actions.
• Example: Tom could never be a surgeon, he's all fingers and thumbs.
• 'Be all heart' means to be very considerate and generous.
• Example: Of course Jenna gave you her last dollar, she's all heart.

Hinglish

• मुहावरा 'To be all ears' का अर्थ है सुनने के लिए उत्सुक होना कि किसी को क्या कहना है।
• उदाहरण: Tell me about your first day at the new job, I'm all ears!
• अतः दिए गए मुहावरे का सबसे उपयुक्त अर्थ 'To be ready and eager to listen' है।
• अत: विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।
• 'Be all eyes' का अर्थ है किसी चीज को गौर से देखना।
• उदाहरण: The children were all eyes when the magician started performing.
• 'Be all fingers and thumbs' का अर्थ है अपने कार्यों में अनाड़ी या अजीब होना।
• उदाहरण: Tom could never be a surgeon, he's all fingers and thumbs.
• 'Be all heart' का अर्थ है बहुत विचारशील और उदार होना।
• उदाहरण: Of course Jenna gave you her last dollar, she's all heart.

The correct answer is 'Countryside'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to this line from the passage, ''As a result, millions of people left the (1) _______ and went to work in big factories in cities.''
• 'Countryside' means the land and scenery of a rural area.
• Example: Every summer thousands of people flock to the countryside.
• From the passage, it is clear that there was an industrial revolution.
• So, people saw this as an opportunity and left their villages.
• They went to big cities to work in factories.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in blank 1 is 'countryside'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The complete passage is- In the 19th century, there was an industrial revolution in Europe. As a result, millions of people left the (1) countryside and went to work in big factories in cities. Today, it is the reverse. In several major cities, people have started moving out. Why? They want a cleaner, (2) greener environment. There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) Instead, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery. Besides, modern transport and communications have made it easier for people to (4) commute to work or even work from home. The result of this revolution in the 21st century will be ‘spread cities’ - cities are growing fast, but (5) outwards, away from city centres and people are choosing to live 40, 50 or 60 kilometres away.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Countries' means a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory.
• Example: The country's increasingly precarious economic position.
• 'Factories' means a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine.
• Example: A clothing factory.
• 'Cities' means a large town.
• Example: One of Italy's most beautiful cities.

Hinglish

• आइए इस पंक्ति को passage से देखें, ''As a result, millions of people left the (1) _______ and went to work in big factories in cities.''
• 'Countryside' का अर्थ है ग्रामीण क्षेत्र की भूमि और दृश्य। 
• उदाहरण: Every summer thousands of people flock to the countryside.
• Passage से यह स्पष्ट है कि एक औद्योगिक क्रांति थी।
• इसलिए, लोगों ने इसे एक अवसर के रूप में देखा और अपने गांवों को छोड़ दिया।
• वे कारखानों में काम करने के लिए बड़े शहरों में गए।
• अतः रिक्त 1 की पूर्ति के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प 'countryside' है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• 'Countries' का अर्थ देश है।
• उदाहरण: The country's increasingly precarious economic position.
• 'Factories' का अर्थ है कारखाना।
• उदाहरण: A clothing factory.
• 'City' का अर्थ है एक बड़ा शहर।
• उदाहरण: One of Italy's most beautiful cities.

पुरा वाक्य: As a result, millions of people left the countryside and went to work in big factories in cities.

The correct answer is 'greener'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to this line from the passage, ''Why? They want a cleaner, (2) _______ environment.''
• 'Clean and green' environment implies an absence of pollution and a better quality of life.
• Example: Hybrid cars emit fewer harmful emissions into the air thereby contributing to a cleaner and greener planet.
• A green environment means an abundance of trees and greenery.
• From the given passage it is clear that nowadays people are moving back to villages.
• This is because cities are polluted and cause health problems.
• In villages, the pollution is less and they can lead a better quality of life.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in blank 2 is 'greener'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The complete passage is- In the 19th century, there was an industrial revolution in Europe. As a result, millions of people left the (1) countryside and went to work in big factories in cities. Today, it is the reverse. In several major cities, people have started moving out. Why? They want a cleaner, (2) greener environment. There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) Instead, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery. Besides, modern transport and communications have made it easier for people to (4) commute to work or even work from home. The result of this revolution in the 21st century will be ‘spread cities’ - cities are growing fast, but (5) outwards, away from city centres and people are choosing to live 40, 50 or 60 kilometres away.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Brighter' means giving out or reflecting a lot of light; shining.
• Example: Her bright, dark eyes.
• 'Darker' means with little or no light.
• Example: What time does it get dark in the summer?
• 'Worse' means of poorer quality or lower standard; less good or desirable.
• Example: The accommodations were awful, and the food was worse.

Hinglish

• आइए इस पंक्ति को passage से देखें, ''Why? They want a cleaner, (2) _______ environment.''
• 'Clean and green' पर्यावरण का तात्पर्य प्रदूषण की अनुपस्थिति और जीवन की बेहतर गुणवत्ता से है।
• उदाहरण: Hybrid cars emit fewer harmful emissions into the air thereby contributing to a cleaner and greener planet.
• Green पर्यावरण का अर्थ है वृक्षों की प्रचुरता और हरियाली।
• दिए गए passage से यह स्पष्ट है कि आजकल लोग गाँवों की ओर वापस जा रहे हैं।
• ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि शहर प्रदूषित हैं और स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं का कारण बनते हैं।
• गांवों में प्रदूषण कम होता है और वे जीवन की बेहतर गुणवत्ता जी सकते हैं।
• अतः रिक्त 2 की पूर्ति के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प 'greener' है।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।
• 'Brighter' का अर्थ है बहुत अधिक प्रकाश देना या प्रतिबिंबित करना; तड़क भड़क।
• उदाहरण: Her bright, dark eyes.
• 'Darker' का अर्थ है कम या कोई प्रकाश नहीं।
• उदाहरण: What time does it get dark in the summer?
• 'Worse' का अर्थ है खराब गुणवत्ता या निम्न स्तर का; कम अच्छा या वांछनीय।
• उदाहरण:  The accommodations were awful, and the food was worse.

पुरा वाक्य: Why? They want a cleaner, greener environment.

The correct answer is 'Instead'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to this line from the passage, ''There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) _______, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery''.
• Instead is an adverb. It means ‘as an alternative’.
• Example: He didn’t buy a large loaf. Instead, he bought two small loaves.
• An adverb 'instead' goes at the beginning or at the end of a clause.
• In the given passage, it is clear that jobs are few in heavy industries while there are more jobs in service industries.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in blank 3 is 'instead'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The complete passage is- In the 19th century, there was an industrial revolution in Europe. As a result, millions of people left the (1) countryside and went to work in big factories in cities. Today, it is the reverse. In several major cities, people have started moving out. Why? They want a cleaner, (2) greener environment. There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) Instead, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery. Besides, modern transport and communications have made it easier for people to (4) commute to work or even work from home. The result of this revolution in the 21st century will be ‘spread cities’ - cities are growing fast, but (5) outwards, away from city centres and people are choosing to live 40, 50 or 60 kilometres away.

Additional InformationLet's learn the usage of other given options:

• We say 'of course' to suggest that something is normal, obvious, or well-known, and should therefore not surprise the person you are talking to.
• Example: Of course there were lots of other interesting things at the exhibition.
• We use 'nevertheless' when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.
• Example: His father, though ill-equipped for the project, had nevertheless tried his best.
• 'Clearly' means in a clear manner.
• Example: You should try to speak more clearly.

Hinglish

• आइए इस लाइन को passage से देखें, ''There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) _______, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery''.
• 'Instead' एक adverb है। इसका अर्थ है 'विकल्प के रूप में'।
• उदाहरण: He didn’t buy a large loaf. Instead, he bought two small loaves.
• एक adverb के रूप में instead शुरुआत में या किसी clause के अंत में जाता है।
• दिए गए passage में, यह स्पष्ट है कि heavy industries में नौकरियां कम हैं जबकि सेवा उद्योगों में अधिक नौकरियां हैं।
• अतः रिक्त 3 की पूर्ति के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प 'instead' है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• 'of course' का अर्थ है 'बेशक'।
• उदाहरण:  Of course there were lots of other interesting things at the exhibition.
• 'Nevertheless' का अर्थ है 'फिर भी'।
• उदाहरण: His father, though ill-equipped for the project, had nevertheless tried his best.
• 'Clearly' का अर्थ 'स्पष्ट तरीके से' है।
• उदाहरण: You should try to speak more clearly.

पुरा वाक्य: There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. Instead, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery.

The correct answer is 'Commute'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to this line from the passage, ''Besides, modern transport and communications have made it easier for people to (4) _______ to work or even work from home.''
• 'Commute' means travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis. (अपने घर और कार्यस्थल के बीच नियमित रूप से कुछ दूरी की यात्रा करना)
• Example: It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day.
• From the given passage it is clear that modern transport and communication have made it easier for people to travel to work or to home.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in blank 4 is 'Commute'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The complete passage is- In the 19th century, there was an industrial revolution in Europe. As a result, millions of people left the (1) countryside and went to work in big factories in cities. Today, it is the reverse. In several major cities, people have started moving out. Why? They want a cleaner, (2) greener environment. There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) Instead, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery. Besides, modern transport and communications have made it easier for people to (4) commute to work or even work from home. The result of this revolution in the 21st century will be ‘spread cities’ - cities are growing fast, but (5) outwards, away from city centres and people are choosing to live 40, 50 or 60 kilometres away.

Additional InformationLet's learn about other given options:

• 'Communication' means the imparting or exchanging of information or news. (संचार)
• Example: At the moment I am in communication with London.
• 'Calculate' means determine (the amount or number of something) mathematically. (गणना करना)
• Example: Japanese land value was calculated at 2.5 times that of the U.S.
• 'Compute' means calculate or reckon (a figure or amount). (गणना करना)
• Example: We can compute the exact increase.

The correct answer is 'Outwards'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to this line from the passage, ''The result of this revolution in the 21st century will be ‘spread cities’ - cities are growing fast, but (5) _______, away from city centers and people are choosing to live 40, 50 or 60 kilometers away.''
• 'Outwards' means away from the center or a particular point; towards the outside. (बाहर की ओर)
• Example: A window that opens outwards.
• From the given passage it is clear that cities are growing and spreading fast away from the city centers.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in blank 5 is 'outwards'.
• Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The complete passage is- In the 19th century, there was an industrial revolution in Europe. As a result, millions of people left the (1) countryside and went to work in big factories in cities. Today, it is the reverse. In several major cities, people have started moving out. Why? They want a cleaner, (2) greener environment. There are fewer jobs in ‘heavy’ industries like steel and power generation. (3) Instead, there are more jobs in service industries like banking, tourism, and food delivery. Besides, modern transport and communications have made it easier for people to (4) commute to work or even work from home. The result of this revolution in the 21st century will be ‘spread cities’ - cities are growing fast, but (5) outwards, away from city centres and people are choosing to live 40, 50 or 60 kilometres away.

Additional InformationLet's learn about the other given options:

• 'Inwards' means towards the inside. (अंदर की ओर)
• Example: The door began to swing inwards.
• 'Downwards' means towards a lower place, point, or level. (नीचे की ओर)
• Example: He was lying facing downward.
• 'Upwards' means towards a higher place, point, or level. (ऊपर की ओर)
• Example: She peered upward at the sky.

Three friends Aman, Ishan and Aneesh have 12, 16, and 3 apples, respectively.

If Aman gives twice the number of apples that Aneesh has to Ishan.

Aneesh has 3 apples and 2 × 3 = 6.

So, Aman gives 6 apples to Ishan.

Therefore, Aman has 6 apples with him now and Ishan has 22 apples with him now.

And Aman gives 4 apples to Aneesh

Again, number of apples left with Aman = 6 – 4 = 2

And, number of apples Aneesh has = 3 + 4 = 7

Therefore, Aman is left with 2 apples.

Hence, ‘2’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Googley ∶ Cricket → In the game of cricket, a googly refers to a type of delivery bowled by a right-arm leg spin bowler.

Similarly,

Gambit ∶ ? → In Chess, gambit is an opening move in which a player makes a sacrifice, typically of a pawn, for the sake of a compensating advantage.

Hence, ‘Chess’ is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is:          

Conclusions:

I. Some cats are frogs. → True (As, all frogs are cats → some cats are frogs)

II. Some frogs are animals. → True (As, some animals are frogs → some frogs are animals)

III. Some animals are insects. → True (As, some insects are animals → some animals are insects)

Hence, all conclusions follow.

Given series: _ S _ E _ S Z _ F S _ E

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1. Z F S E Z → Z S F E - S S Z E - F S Z E
2. F S E Z F → F S S E - E S Z Z - F S F E
3. F E S Z E → F S E E - S S Z Z - F S E E

4. F Z F E Z → F S Z E - F S Z E - F S Z E.

   ►  Option (4) gives a pattern of F S Z E - F S Z E - F S Z E.

Hence, ‘F Z F E Z’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Sum of the positional values of the letters + 4

NAMELY → N (14) + A (1) + M (13) + E (5) + L (12) + Y (25) + 4 = 14 + 1 + 13 + 5 + 12 + 25 + 4 = 74 

MANAGE → M (13) + A (1) + N (14) + A (1) + G (7) + E (5) + 4 = 13 + 1 + 14 + 1 + 7 + 5 + 4 = 45 

Similarly,

MUSHER → M (13) + U (21) + S (19) + H (8) + E (5) + R (18) + 4 = 13 + 21 + 19 + 8 + 5 + 18 + 4 =  88

Hence, ‘88’ is the correct answer.

The logic is as follows:

1948 - This is not a perfect square.

2116 - 2116 is the perfect square of 46.

1936 - 1936 is the perfect square of 44.

2704 - 2704 is the perfect square of 52.

Hence, 1948 is the odd one out.

In 2nd and 3rd dice, '2' and '5' are the common face on both the dice, so the remaining faces is opposite to each other, i.e., 4 is opposite to 1.

So, '4' will be the number that will be on the face opposite to the face having the number 1.

Hence, ‘4’ is the correct answer.

The figure from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

1. 20 and 40

Given equation: 25 × 7 + 20 - 40 ÷ 4 = 210

After interchanging the numbers according to the given option, we get:

L.H.S = 25 × 7 + 40 - 20 ÷ 4

= 175 + 40 – 5

= 215 – 5

= 210 = R.H.S

2. 40 and 25

Given equation: 25 × 7 + 20 - 40 ÷ 4 = 210

After interchanging the numbers according to the given option, we get:

L.H.S = 40 × 7 + 20 - 25 ÷ 4

= 280 + 20 – 6.25

= 300 – 6.25

= 293.75 ≠ R.H.S

3. 20 and 7

Given equation: 25 × 7 + 20 - 40 ÷ 4 = 210

After interchanging the numbers according to the given option, we get:

L.H.S = 25 × 20 + 7 - 40 ÷ 4

= 500 + 7 – 10

= 507 – 10

= 497 ≠ R.H.S

4. 25 and 20

Given equation: 25 × 7 + 20 - 40 ÷ 4 = 210

After interchanging the numbers according to the given option, we get:

L.H.S = 20 × 7 + 25 - 40 ÷ 4

= 140 + 25 – 10

= 165 – 10

= 155 ≠ R.H.S

Hence, ‘20 and 40’ is the correct answer.

The description is as follows:

Clearly, all options except 'Mycology' deals with the study of treatment of Human Beings, while 'Mycology' is the study of fungi.

Hence, ‘Mycology’ is the odd one out.

The logic is:

(4, 25, 105) → (25 - 4) × 5 = 21 × 5 = 105

Similarly,

(14, 50, 180) → (50 - 14) × 5 = 36 × 5 = 180

Hence, ‘(14, 50, 180)’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

93 ∶ 87 → 93 - |9 - 3| = 93 - 6 = 87

Similarly,

58 ∶ 55 → 58 - |5 - 8| = 58 - 3 = 55

Hence, ‘58 ∶ 55’ is the correct answer.

The option that is embedded in the given figure when rotation is NOT allowed is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

1. FKOR → F + 5 = K; K + 4 = O; O + 3 = R 2. RWAD → R + 5 = W; W + 4 = A; A + 3 = D 3. LQUX → L + 5 = Q; Q + 4 = U; U + 3 = X

4. JNRV → J + 4 = N; N + 4 = R; R + 4 = V

Hence, ‘JNRV’ is the odd one out.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘EKCXT’ is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at MN is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The correct option that indicates the arrangement of the given words in a logical and meaningful order is:

5. Turban
6. Ascot
7. Armlet
8. Belt
9. Socks

Order of wearables from head to toe. Turban is worn on the head, Ascot is worn around the neck, armlet is worn on the hand, a belt is tied around waist, and socks are worn in toe.

Hence, ‘5 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 4’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Letters are arranged in the order they appear in the English alphabetical series.

Similarly,

Hence, ‘BDINSTU’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

• 173 ∶ 125 ∶ 85 = 13² + 4 : 11² + 4 : 9² + 4

Similarly,

• 365 ∶ 293 ∶ 229 = 19² + 4: 17² + 4: 15² + 4

Hence, ‘365 ∶ 293 ∶ 229’ is the correct answer.

The Venn diagram that best represents the relationship between Flowers, White, and Clothes is shown below:

Some flowers are white in color and some clothes are white in color.

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, Hruday is cousin of Kashyap.

Hence, ‘cousin’ is the correct answer.

The number of rectangles in the given figure is shown below:

Hence, ‘30’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Papaya ∶ Vitamin C → Papaya is a rich source of Vitamin C.

Similarly,

Gooseberry ∶ Vitamin C → Gooseberry is a rich source of Vitamin C.

Hence, ‘Gooseberry ∶ Vitamin C’ is the correct answer.

Additional Information 

 Papaya is also a rich source of Vitamin A and vitamin E.

Given: 56, 56, 54, 162, 158, ?

Logic: 

Hence, 790 is the correct answer.

The paper when unfolded, will appear as shown below:

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

Given:

Production of company P in 2015 = 80 lakh tonnes

Production of company P in 2019 = 120 lakh tonnes

Calculation:

∴ The required percentage increase in 2019 = (120 - 80)/80 × 100

⇒ 40/80 × 100 = 50%

Calculation:

2 cos θ + sec θ - 2√2 = 0

⇒ 2 cos θ + 1/ cos θ - 2√2 = 0

⇒ 2 cos² θ + 1 - 2√2 cos θ = 0

⇒ 2 cos2 θ - 2√2 cos θ + 1 = 0

⇒ 2 cos2 θ - √2 cos θ - √2 cos θ + 1 = 0

⇒ √2 cos θ (√2 cos θ - 1) - 1(√2 cos θ - 1) = 0

⇒ (√2 cos θ - 1)² = 0

⇒ √2 cos θ - 1 = 0

⇒ √2 cos θ = 1 

⇒ cos θ = 1/√2 

∴ cos 45° = 1/√2 

⇒ θ = 45°

Alternate Method By value putting:

θ = 45° 

2 cos θ + sec θ - 2√2 = 0 

⇒ 2 × 1/√2  + √2  - 2√2 = 0 

⇒ 2√2 - 2√2 = 0

At values θ = 30° , 60° and 15°, the above condition is not fulfilled. Hence, 45° is the correct value of θ.

Given:

$\rm x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}=6887$

Formula used:

If x² + 1/x² = a, then x - 1/x = $\sqrt{a - 2}$ 

Calculation:

$\rm x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}=6887$

By adding 2 on both sides. 

⇒ x⁴ + 1/x4 + 2 = 6887 + 2

⇒ (x² + 1/x²)² = 6889

⇒( x² + 1/x²) = $\sqrt{6889}$ = 83 = a 

Now, x - 1/x = $\sqrt{83 - 2}$ = 9 

∴ The required value = 9

Given:

Distance cover = 480 km

Formula used:

Speed =  Distance/Time

Calculation:

Let the speed be = x km/h

According to the question:

480 km/(x - 8) - 480 km/x = 2 hours

⇒ 1/(x - 8) - 1/x = 2/480 

⇒ x - x + 8/(x - 8)x = 1/240

⇒ 8 × 240 = x² - 8x 

⇒ x² - 8x - 1920 =0 

⇒ x² + 40x - 48x - 1920 = 0

⇒ x(x + 40) - 48(x + 40) = 0

⇒ x ≠ - 40, x = 48

∴ 50% of the original speed = 48 × 1/2 = 24 km/h

Alternate Method By hit and trial method:

Option 1: 480/(2× 24 - 8) - 480/2× 24 = 12 - 10 = 2 hours

Given:

The ratio of three numbers = $\frac{1}{4}$ ∶ $\frac{5}{9}$ ∶ $\frac{7}{12}$

Calculation:

Let the numbers be = A, B & C

By taking the LCM of the denominators of the fractions.

LCM (4, 9, 12) = 36

⇒ 9/36 : 5×4/36 : 7×3/36

⇒ A : B : C = 9 : 20 : 21

∵ C - A = 21 - 9 = 12 = 180 

∴ A + B + C = 9 + 20 + 21 = 50 = 180/12 × 50

⇒ 15 × 50 = 750

Given:

No of days taken by A, B & C = 3 hours 

No of days taken by A = 8 hours

No of days taken by B = 6 hours 

Formula used:

Time = Total work/Efficiency

Calculation:

Let the total work be the LCM of 3, 8, and 6 = 24 units 

No of hours                            Work                         Efficiency 

A + B + C = 3 hours                                                    8 

A              = 8 hours                24 units                        3

B              = 6 hours                                                    4 

⇒ C's efficiency = 8 - 3 - 4 = 1 unit per day 

∴ The required no of hours taken by C = 24/1 = 24 hours

Given:

Marker Price (MP) = Rs.1280

Profit % = 12

Discount % = 30

Formulas used:

Discount % = Discount/MP × 100

Profit % = Profit/Cost Price × 100

Selling Price = Marked Price - Discount

Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price

Cost Price = (Selling price × 100)/(100 + profit)

Calculation:

Discount % = Discount/1280 × 100 

⇒ 30 = Discount/1280 × 100

⇒ Discount = 128 × 3 = Rs.384

Selling Price = 1280 - 384 =  Rs.896

Cost Price = (Selling price × 100)/(100 + profit)

⇒ (896 × 100)/(100 + 12)

∴ CP = 89600/112 = Rs.800 

Alternate Method

Cost Price = MP × (100 - D)/100 × 100/(100 + P)

⇒ Rs.1280 × 70/100 × 100/112 = Rs.800

Shortcut Trick

Number must be divisible by 5, so y must be 0 or 5.

Since the number is also divisible by 8 (an even number), y must be 0.

For divisibility by 8, the last three digits 7x0 must be divisible by 8.

Checking values of x: 720 ÷ 8 = 90 and 760 ÷ 8 = 95. The greatest value is 6.

∴ The correct answer is 6 and 0.

Alternate Method

Given: Number = 1263487xy, divisible by 5 and 8.

Divisibility Rules:

⇒ For 5: Last digit y ∈ {0, 5}.

⇒ For 8: Last three digits 7xy must be divisible by 8.

Step 1: Determine y

⇒ If y = 5, the number 7x5 is odd. An odd number is never divisible by 8.

⇒ ∴ y = 0.

Step 2: Determine x

⇒ Last three digits are 7x0. Possible values for x are {0, 1, 2, ..., 9}.

⇒ 700 ÷ 8 = 87.5 (No)

⇒ 720 ÷ 8 = 90 (Yes, x = 2)

⇒ 760 ÷ 8 = 95 (Yes, x = 6)

⇒ Comparing 2 and 6, the greatest value is 6.

∴ The correct answer is 6 and 0.

Additional Information

Divisibility by 8

A number is divisible by 8 if its last three digits are divisible by 8 or are 000.

Divisibility by 5

A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is either 0 or 5.

Divisibility by 40

If a number is divisible by both 5 and 8 (co-prime factors), it is divisible by their product 40.

Given: 

AB = 21 cm, BC = 20 cm and angle B = 90º

Formula used:

By Pythagoras theorem

AC² = AB² + BC²

Calculation:

AC² = 21² + 20² = 841

⇒ AC = 29 cm 

sin A = Perpendicular/Hyptotenuse =$\frac{BC}{AC}$

⇒ sin A = 20/29  

cos A = Base/ Hypotenuse = $\frac{AB}{AC}$

⇒ cos A = 21/29

$\rm \frac{1 \space +\space sinA \space -\space cosA}{1 \space + \space sinA \space + \space cosA}$ = $\rm \frac{1 \space +\space \frac{20}{29}\space -\space \frac{21}{29}}{1 \space + \space \frac{20}{29} \space + \space \frac{21}{29}}$

⇒ $\rm \frac{\space \space \frac{29 + 20 -21}{29}}{ \space \space \space \frac{29 + 20 +21}{29}}$

⇒ $\frac{28}{70}$ = $\frac{2}{5}$

∴ The required result = $\frac{2}{5}$

Mistake PointsPlease note that, in the question, we have sin A & cos A, it means in Δ ABC, we take θ for ∠A, and then BC & AB will be perpendicular & base respectively.

Given:

$\rm secθ = \frac{65}{63}$ = Hypotenuse/Base

Formula used:

By Pythagoras theorem

H² = P² + B²

Calculation:

65² = P² + 63²

⇒ P = 16

8(cosecθ - cotθ) = 8(H/P - B/P)

⇒ 8(65/16 - 63/16) = 8 × 2/16 = 16/16

∴ The result = 1

Concept:

In an isosceles triangle, the median to the base is perpendicular to the base and bisect it into two equal parts. 

Given:

PQ = PR = 25 cm, PS = 7 cm

Formula used:

Pythagoras Theorem

Hypotenuse² = Base² + Perpendicular²

Calculation:

In triangle PSQ 

PQ² = PS² + QS²

⇒25² = 7² + QS²

⇒ QS = 24 cm 

∵ QS = 1/2 × QR

∴ QR = 2 × 24 = 48 cm

Formula used:

Percentage Increase = (Production of current year - Production of previous year)/ Production of Previous year × 100

Calculation:

Percentage increase in the production of medicines of the year 2011 = (60 - 40)/40 × 100 = 20/40 × 100 = 50%

Percentage increase in the production of medicines of the year 2015 = (80 - 60)/60 × 100 = 20/60 × 100 = 100/3%

∴ The required ratio = 50% : 100/3%

⇒ 1 : 2/3

⇒ 3 : 2

Given:

x - y - z = 0

Formula used:

(x + y)² = x² + y² + 2xy

Calculation:

x - y - z = 0

⇒ x - z = y

By squaring both sides

⇒ (x - z)² = y²

⇒ x² + z² - 2xz = y²

⇒ x² + z² = y² + 2xz

By adding y² to both sides.

⇒ x2 + z2 + y2 =  2y2 + 2xz

⇒ (x2 + z2 + y2) ÷ (y2 + xz) = 2

∴ The required result = 2

Given: 

Average monthly expenditure for the first 3 months = Rs.18600

Average monthly expenditure for the next 4 months = Rs.21750

Average monthly expenditure for the last 5 months = Rs.22840

Total saving of the year = Rs.143020

Formula used:

Average = Sum of Observations/Total no of observations

Income = Savings + Expenditure

Calculation:

Total expenditure of 12 months = Rs.18600 × 3 + Rs.21750 × 4 + Rs.22840 × 5 

⇒ Rs.55800 + Rs.87000 + Rs.114200 = Rs.257000

Income for the year = Rs.143020 + Rs.257000 = Rs.400020

∴ The average monthly income = 400020/12 = Rs.33335

Given:

Simple interest for 3 years @ 12% p.a. = Rs.6750

Formulas used:

Simple Interest = Principal × time × rate/100

Amount = Principal × (1 + r/100)^t

Compound Interest = Amount - Principal

Calculation:

Rs.6750 = Principal × 3 × 12/100 

⇒ Principal = 6750 × 100/ 3 × 12 

⇒ Principal = Rs.18750

For CI compounded half-yearly:

Rate = 20%/2 = 10%

Time = 2 × 2 = 4 half years

Amount = 18750 × (1 + 10/100)⁴

⇒ 18750 × (110/100)⁴

⇒ 18750 × 11/10 × 11/10 × 11/10 × 11/10

⇒ Amount = Rs.27451.875 or 27452

Compound Interest = 27452 - 18750 = 8702

∴ The required compound interest = Rs.8702

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below.

Calculation:

$7\frac{4}{13}\div\frac{5}{26}$ of $\left(4\frac{3}{5}+7\frac{2}{5}\right) + \left(7\frac{1}{6}-2\frac{1}{3}\right)$ 

⇒ 95/13 ÷ 5/26 of (23/5 + 37/5) + (43/6 - 7/3)

⇒ 95/13 ÷ 5/26 of (60/5) + (29/6)

⇒ 95/13 ÷ 5/26 of 12 + 29/6 

⇒ 95/13 × 13/30 + 29/6 

⇒ 19/6 + 29/6 

⇒ 48/6 = 8 

∴ $7\frac{4}{13}\div\frac{5}{26}$ of $\left(4\frac{3}{5}+7\frac{2}{5}\right) + \left(7\frac{1}{6}-2\frac{1}{3}\right)$ = 8

Given:

Radius + Height = 12.5 cm 

Total surface area of cylinder = 275 cm2

Formula used:

Total surface area of a closed cylinder = 2πRH + 2πR² 

⇒ 2πR (H + R)

Calculation:

⇒ 275 = 2 × 22/7 × R × (12.5) 

⇒ R = (275 × 7 × 10)/ 2 × 22 × 125

⇒ R = 3.5 

∴ The radius of the cylinder is 3.5 cm.

Shortcut Trick

Income = Expenditure + Savings (Ratio 80 : 20 → 4 : 1)

Apply Alligation or Weighted Average: % Change in Income = (E% × E_ratio + S% × S_ratio) ÷ (Total Ratio)

12 = (17.5 × 4 + x × 1) ÷ 5

60 = 70 + x ⇒ x = −10%

Negative sign indicates a decrease.

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial Income = 100, Expenditure = 80, Savings = 20.

Formula Used: Income = Expenditure + Savings

⇒ New Income = 100 + (12% of 100) = 112

⇒ New Expenditure = 80 + (17.5% of 80) = 80 + 14 = 94

⇒ New Savings = New Income − New Expenditure = 112 − 94 = 18

⇒ Decrease in Savings = Old Savings − New Savings = 20 − 18 = 2

⇒ Percentage Decrease = (Decrease ÷ Old Savings) × 100

⇒ Percentage Decrease = (2 ÷ 20) × 100 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Additional Information

Income-Expenditure Relationship

Total Income is always the sum of Expenditure and Savings. Any change in one must be balanced by the others.

Percentage Change Formula

Percentage change = [(Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value] × 100.

Weighted Average in Income

% Change in Income = (% Change in Exp × Exp Ratio + % Change in Sav × Sav Ratio) ÷ (Total Ratio).

Calculation:

Average Export diamonds for 7 years = Total export / Total no of years

⇒ (7.2 + 8.5 + 9.8 + 10.9 + 11.8 + 11.5 + 12.4)/7 = 72.1/7 

⇒ 10.3 crores

In the given 4 years, the export is more than the average export:

⇒ 2011 = 10.9 crores

⇒ 2012 = 11.8 crores

⇒ 2013 = 11.5 crores 

⇒ 2014 = 12.4 crores

∴ The no of years where export is more than the average export is 4.

Given:

D₁ = 8 cm, R₁ = 4 cm 

D₂ = 4 cm, R₂ = 2 cm 

Calculation:

Distance between the centres = R₁ - R₂ 

⇒ 4 - 2

⇒ 2 cm 

∴ The required distance is 2 cm.

Concept:

The length of the third side of a triangle must always be between (but not equal to) the sum and the difference of the other two sides.

Let a, b and c are the sides of a triangle, where (a - b) < c < (a + b).

Given:

Product of two sides a and b = 24 

Calculation:

It is given that ab = 24, we can have different possible values of a and b such that:

⇒ 1 × 24 :- (24 - 1) < c < ( 24 + 1), c = 24

⇒ 2 × 12 :- (12 - 2) < c < ( 12 + 2), c = 11, 12, 13

⇒ 3 × 8 :- (8 - 3) < c < ( 8 + 3), c = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

⇒ 4 × 6 :- (6 - 4) < c < ( 6 + 4), c = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

By studying the given conditions, the third side, c can take 16 different values. 

∴ The number of triangles possible for ab = 24 is 16.

Concept:

The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

Here, OA is perpendicular to PA and OB is perpendicular to PB. 

The sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.

Given: 

Angle APB = 50° 

Calculation:

In quadrilateral OAPB, ∠ O + ∠ A + ∠ P + ∠ B = 360° 

⇒ ∠ O + 90° + 50° + 90° = 360° 

⇒ ∠ O = 360° - 230° = 130° 

In triangle OAB, OA = OB = radius

⇒ ∠ O + ∠ B + ∠ A = 180° ( Angle sum property)

⇒ 130° + ∠ B + ∠ A = 180° ( ∠ OAB = ∠ OBA )

⇒ ∠ A + ∠ B  = 180° - 130° = 50° 

∵  Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.

⇒ ∠ A + ∠ A = 50° 

⇒ ∠ A = 50°/2 = 25°

∴ ∠ OAB = 25°

Given:

x2 - 3x + 1 = 0

By dividing the above equation by x. 

⇒ x + 1/x = 3

Formula used: 

If x + 1/x = a,

then x² + 1/x² = a² - 2

Calculation:

x² + 1/x² 

⇒ 3² - 2 

⇒ 7 

x⁴ + 1/x⁴ 

⇒ 7² - 2

⇒ 47

x⁸ + 1/x⁸ 

⇒ (47)² - 2

⇒ 2207

$\rm 2(x^8+\frac{1}{x^8}) - 5(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2})$

⇒ 2 × 2207 - 5 × 7

⇒ 4379

∴ The required value is 4379.

Given:

No of the students who obtained marks between 200 and 300

⇒ 45 + 60 = 105 

No of students who obtained marks between 350 or more marks

⇒ 40 + 35 = 75

Calculation:

⇒ The required percent = (105 - 75)/75 × 100

⇒ 30/75 × 100 

⇒ 40%

∴ The answer is 40%.

Given:

SP₁ = Rs.8579 

SP₂ = Rs.6341

Formulas used:

Profit = Selling price - Cost price

Loss = Cost price - Selling price 

Profit percent = Profit/Cost price × 100

Calculation:

Let the profit be = Rs.x 

CP₁ = CP₂

⇒ Rs.8579 - x = x + Rs.6341 

⇒ 8579 - 6341 = 2x 

⇒ x = 2238/2