SSC CGL Tier 2 English Previous Year Paper (Held On: 19 Feb 2018)

The error is in part 3 of the sentence.

It should be ‘nourishes’ instead of ‘nourish’.

The word nourish means provide with the food or other substances necessary for growth ad nourishes is the 3^rd person present verb of nourish.

Since the entire sentence is framed in 3^rd person present tense, the word nourish should also be used in the same tense.

Hence, option 3 is correct.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. The word ‘off’ at the end of the sentence is wrong.

It should be ‘in’ rather than ‘off’. The context of the sentence is that acquired immunity is a result of our interaction with our environment and proper digestion of everything that we eat or goes inside us.

While ‘off’ is adverb that means to removed or separated from something therefore it is wrong in this context.

The error is in part 1 of the sentence. It should be ‘nourish’ instead of ‘nourishes’ .The sentence is framed in simple present tense and ‘nourishes’ is the 3^rd person present of nourish. Therefore it is incorrect in this context.

The error is in part 1 of the sentence. It should be ‘ponder over’ rather than ‘ponder on’, over makes more sense in this context.

Ponder means think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion. Ponder is usually followed by over and upon in English grammar.

We think over something carefully but we cannot think ‘on’ something that is grammatically incorrect.

The error is in part 1 of the sentence.

Key Points

Reading the sentence we find that:

• It should be blessed instead of 'blessing'
• In the given sentence the word blessing is used after to be.
• As a rule, when 'to be' form is preceded by a model (Should) the verb used should be past participle.
• The past participle of 'bless' is blessed.
• Therefore blessing is replaced with blessed.

Thus we find that the error lies in part 1 of the sentence. 

The correct sentence will be: 'Our sole prayer should be to be blessed with a spiritual awakening that is the real source of peace, bliss and contentment.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It should be ‘across’ instead of ‘cross’.  Across is the right word in the context of the sentence. Across means expressing position or orientation.

Cross means pass in an opposite or different direction; intersect. Therefore across is the right answer.

The error is in part 2 of the sentence. It should be ‘does not’ instead of ‘do not’. Since the sentence is frames in 3^rd person present tense the word ‘do’ does not fit the context. ‘Do’ means to perform an action and does is the 3^rd person singular present of the verb ‘do’. So ‘does’ is grammatically correct.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It should be ‘happens’ instead of ‘happened’. The sentence is framed in present tense.

The word ‘happened’ is the past participle of happen which means to occur and ‘happens’ is the present participle of happen. Therefore the correct word in this context is ‘happens’.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. The verb ‘help’ is used with infinitive: ‘to move’ or just ‘move’ rather than ‘moving’. The correct sentence would be ‘helps us to move forward in life’.

Infinitive is as if the verb phrase puts on the costume of a noun, adjective or adverb and plays the role of a part of speech other than itself.

Any verb that is preceded by the word 'to' is an infinitive.

Therefore ‘to move’ makes grammatical sense here.

Hence, option 3 is correct.

The error is in part 2.

Key Points

• It should be ‘fundamentally’ instead of ‘fundamental’.
• In the given sentence before the verb identified we should use an adverb.
• The word fundamental is an adjective that means forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.
• While fundamentally is an adverb that means in central or primary respects, it is used to make an emphatic statement about the basic truth of something.
• Therefore the word fundamentally makes more sense in this context and is grammatically correct.
• Thus the correct answer is part 2 as it has an error.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It should be ‘effect’ instead of ‘affect’. The word ‘affect’ means to have an effect on; make a difference to. While the word ‘effect’ means a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause. Therefore the word effect makes more sense in the context of the sentence.

The sentence has an error in the first part of the sentence.

'In the blink of eye' means quickly, in a short amount of time.

Example sentence: In the blink of an eye, he was gone. 

The sentence suggests that we are here for a short while ie. we will be gone from the world in a short amount of time, so the sentence should be:

We will be gone in the blink of an eye but the way we live our lives will stay with the universe forever.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It should be ‘adds’ instead of ‘add’. The verb ‘add’ does not appear to agree with the singular subject ‘a purpose’. So if we change the verb form for the subject-verb agreement then the sentence becomes grammatically correct.

The error is in part 2 of the sentence.

Key Points

• The use of the article 'a' creates the error in this part.
• When no determiner is used with the noun, we use articles with it.
• Every is a determiner. So there is no need of using an article before it.

The correct sentence - For a man to change radically, fundamentally, there must be a mutation in every brain cell of his mind.

The error is in part 1 of the sentence. It should be ‘building’ instead of ‘build’. The word building makes more grammatical sense here than build. ‘Building’ is a noun that means the creation or development of something over a period of time. While ‘build’ means make or become stronger or more intense.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It appears that the preposition ‘to’ is incorrect in this context. It should rather be ‘in’ or ‘for’.

The correct phrase should be ‘all important processes in developing good moral character’.

Prepositions are function words that indicate how a noun or noun phrase relates to the rest of the sentence. 

Prepositions should be used carefully because sometimes changing a preposition can change the entire meaning or context of the sentence or phrase.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It should be ‘seeking’ rather than ‘seek’.

The word ‘seek’ is grammatically incorrect in this context. Seek means an attempt to find something. While seeking is the present participle of seek. Present participle is a participle that ends with ‘ing’, used in continuous tense.

Since the sentence is framed in continuous tense the word seek should also follow the same tense.

The error is in part 1 of the sentence. The singular verb ‘has’ does not appear to agree with the plural subject ‘developments’.

We should change the verb form of the sentence for subject-verb agreement. It should rather be ‘have’.

A plural subject of the sentence requires a plural verb.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence.

Key Points

• It should rather be ‘maintain enough hope’ rather than ‘maintain hope enough.’ The latter phrase is grammatically incorrect.
• Enough can be used both as an adjective and as an adverb.
• When 'enough' is used as an adjective it is placed before the noun it is qualifying.
• Example: They had enough cash for a one-way ticket.
• 'hope' is a noun and 'enough' is qualifying it.
• When 'enough' is used as an adverb, it is placed after the verb it is qualifying.
• Example: I was old enough to work and earn money.

​

Additional Information

• Enough can also be used as a pronoun:
  

Example: Although the U.K. says efforts are being made, they are not doing enough.

​Thus, the correct sentence is: True positive thinking starts by embracing reality in its myriad shapes and forms; it involves the ability to feel negative emotions when you have to, and still maintain enough hope to keep ongoing.

The error is in part 3 of the sentence. It should be ‘than indifferent’ instead of ‘to indifferent’. It appears that the preposition ‘to’ is incorrect in this context.

Prepositions are function words that indicate how a noun or noun phrase relates to the rest of the sentence.   The correct preposition in this case is ‘than’.

Prepositions should be used carefully because sometimes changing a preposition can change the entire meaning or context of the sentence or phrase.

The correct answer is Exhorted.

Key Points

• The blank in the sentence requires a verb that means to strongly urge or encourage someone to do something.
• "Exhorted" fits perfectly, as it means to strongly encourage or urge someone to do something. (प्रेरित किया)
• Vivekananda's role was not about flattering or casually praising, but about inspiring and urging young people towards a higher purpose.
• The context of the quote is motivational and action-oriented, which matches the meaning of "exhort".

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: Vivekananda exhorted the young to “arise” and “awake”, to reject all doctrines and dogmas that were based on superstition and prejudice.

Additional Information

• Flattered: (चापलूसी की) This means to praise someone, often in a way that is not sincere, in order to get a favorable reaction. It does not fit the context of urging action.
• Lauded: (प्रशंसा की) This means to praise, but the context of Vivekananda's statement is more aligned with motivation rather than mere praise.
• Commended: (प्रशंसा की) Similar to lauded, this means to praise formally or officially. It lacks the urgency and action-orientated nuance that "exhorted" conveys.

The correct answer is "Concern".

Key Points

• Concern as a verb means relate to, be about and as noun means a matter of interest or importance to someone.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 2".

Additional Information

• Disinterest refers to the state of not being influenced by personal involvement in something.
• Distraction means a thing that prevents someone from concentrating on something else.
• Association means a connection or cooperative link between people or organizations.

Neglected refers to not receiving proper attention or disregarded.

Ignored means refuse to take notice of or acknowledge something.

Focused refers to pat full attention to something.

Superficial means existing or occurring at or on the surface. Therefore the correct answer is focused as it makes more sense in this context.

The correct option is 'Frustrating'.

1. Frustrating is the prevent participle means to prevent from progressing, succeeding, or being fulfilled or a cause to feel upset.
2. Celebration is the action of celebrating an important day or event.
3. Argument means an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one.
4. Connector means a thing which links two or more things together.

Out of all the alternatives frustrating makes the most sense in the context.

Substantial means of considerable importance, size, or worth.

Small means a size that is less than the normal or usual or insignificant.

Insignificant means too small or unimportant to be worth consideration.

Ethereal means extremely delicate and light in a way that seems not to be of this world.

Out of all the alternatives substantial best fits the context.

Profligate refers to recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources or licentious; dissolute.

Modest means unassuming in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements.

Extravagant means lacking restraint in spending money or using resources

Upright means  (of a person) sitting or standing with the back straight.

Virtuous  having or showing high moral standards.

Out of all the alternatives Extravagant best expresses the meaning of profligate.

Oracular means (of an utterance, advice, etc.) hard to interpret; enigmatic.

Lucid means expressed clearly; easy to understand.

Distinct means recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type.

Cryptic means having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure or (of a crossword) having difficult clues which indicate the solutions indirectly.

Unambiguous means not open to more than one interpretation.

Out of all the alternatives cryptic is the word with similar meaning to oracular.

Nauseous means disgusting or offensive or affected with nausea; feeling inclined to vomit.

Loathsome means causing hatred or disgust; repulsive.

Benevolent refers to well meaning and kindly.

Worthy means  having or showing the qualities that deserve the specified action or regard.

Considerable means notably large in size, amount, or extent.

Out of all the alternatives loathsome is word with a similar meaning to nauseous (disgusting or offensive).

The correct answer is 'Curtail'.

Key Points

• Protract is a verb that means prolong i.e. to prolong in time or space (बढ़ाना).
• Example: He had certainly taken his time, even protracting the process.
• Curtail means "reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on."
• Hence as per the meaning of both words, it is clear that 'curtail' will be the antonym of 'Protract'.
  

Let's look at the meaning of other options-

• Unwise means (of a person or action) not wise or sensible; foolish.
• Sharp means (of an object) having an edge or point that is able to cut or pierce something.
• Elongate means to make (something) longer, especially unusually so in relation to its width.

Remnant means a part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or destroyed.

Whole means all of; entire.

Slice refers to cut from a larger portion.

Fraction means a small or tiny part, amount, or proportion of something.

Part means an amount or section of something.

Out of all the alternatives the word whole is opposite in meaning to remnant.

Sneer means a contemptuous or mocking smile, remark, or tone.

Praise means to express warm approval or admiration of.

Scorn means a feeling and expression of contempt or disdain for someone or something.

Mock means to tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner.

Despise means feel contempt or a deep repugnance for.

The word which is opposite in meaning to the given word is 'praise'.

Aphorism is the correct spelling. Aphorism means a pithy observation which contains a general truth.

Out of all the alternatives, option 2 is the incorrectly spelt word.

Out of the alternatives 1 is the incorrectly spelt word. Contemptuous is the correct spelling which means showing contempt; scornful.

Meaning of other words are:

Commemorate: To commemorate an important event or person means to remember them by means of a special action, ceremony, or specially-created object.

Complaisant: If you are complaisant, you are willing to accept what other people are doing without complaining.

Conciliatory: When you are conciliatory in your actions or behaviour, you show that you are willing to end a disagreement with someone.

The incorrectly spelt word is option 1. Delineate means describe or portray (something) precisely or indicate the exact position of (a border or boundary).

The literal meaning of the phrase hornet’s nest is a troublesome or hazardous situation. Therefore out of the 4 alternatives 1 is the correct answer.

The phrase ‘In the teeth of’ means in spite of (opposition or difficulty).

For example: In the teeth of the longest recession since the 1930s, the company continues to perform well.

Out of the alternatives provided, option 2 is therefore the correct answer.

The literal meaning of the phrase ‘In a flutter’ is in a state of nervous excitement. Therefore out of the 4 alternatives, option 3 is the correct answer.

The literal meaning of the phrase ‘All Greek to me’ is that something is not understandable. Therefore the correct alternative is option 2 i.e. incomprehensible which also means not understandable.

The phrase ‘mealy mouthed’ means being unwilling to speak in a simple or open way because they want to avoid talking directly about something unpleasant.

Therefore out of the alternatives option 3 is the correct answer.

If there is ‘no love lost’ between two people, they have a strong hatred, hostility, or enmity for the other person, and make no attempt to conceal it. Therefore out of the alternatives given 4 is the correct answer.

The phrase ‘out of sorts’ means slightly unwell. Out of the alternatives correct answer is therefore option 2 i.e. to be unwell.

The literal meaning of the phrase ‘pay lip service’ is to express respect, loyalty or support for something insincerely.

Therefore the correct answer is ‘pretend to regard ’.

The phrase ‘rip up old sores’ means to revive a quarrel which was almost forgotten. Therefore the correct answer is option 3. 

The phrase ‘rule to roost’ means to be in charge or dominate a situation or person or thing. Therefore the correct answer is option 2.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject of the sentence, to the readers. Sentence Q provides an insight to the readers about the subject that happens to be causes of global warming. No other sentence provides an introduction rather they elaborate and continue the point raised in Q.

Sentence 2- The second sentence is P in the sequence as it is the continuation of sentence Q. When sentence Q began by stating that there are many causes of global warming, sentence P continues the discussion by naming one such cause.

Sentence 3- Sentence S is an explanation to how humans are a major cause of global warming, a point that was raised in sentence P. Therefore it serves as a continuation to sentence P and is next in the sequence.

Sentence 4- Sentence R explains another human activity that is responsible for global warming and is a continuation to sentence S.

Hence, the correct order is QPSR and the correct answer is option 1.

Sentence 1- Sentence R provides an insight to the subject of discussion in this paragraph. Therefore it is the first sentence in the sequence. It introduces the subject of health and fitness to the readers of the paragraph quite clearly.

Sentence 2- Sentence P continues the point raised in sentence R and is therefore second in the sequence. It further elaborates that we need to be more physically healthy and fit to win the current environmental challenges, which were mentioned in sentence R.

Sentence 3- Sentence Q begins with ‘it’ which shows the subject from the previous sentence is the subject here as well. The previous sentence talked about the need of physical health and fitness and sentence Q explains the benefit of the same.

Sentence 4- The sentence should always conclude the paragraph and sentence S fulfils this purpose. Sentence S begins with ‘it’ which shows the subject from the previous sentence is the subject here as well. Therefore it is a continuation of sentence Q.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject of the paragraph. Sentence Q quite clearly gives an introduction to the subject of importance of girl’s education.

Sentence 2- sentence S further elaborates the pint raised in sentence Q. It talks about why is girl’s education important in all aspects and how educated women lead a healthier life.

Sentence 3- Sentence S focused more on how educated women take right decisions in all aspects and sentence R further continues the discussion. Sentence R states that educated women not only take right decisions about also provide better facilities to their children.

Sentence 4- Sentence P concludes the discussion of the paragraph. It is a continuation of sentence R.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject of the paragraph and that is what sentence Q does here. Sentence Q clearly introduces the subject of forests by explaining its formation in brief.

Sentence 2- Sentence R is a continuation of sentence Q by talking about how forests are home to various wildlife animals.

Sentence 3- Sentence S is a continuation of sentence R and therefore next in sequence. Like the previous sentence this sentence also explains the features or beauty of forests.

Sentence 4- Sentence P concludes the discussion. It talks about how we not only limited, to enjoy the beauty of flora and fauna of that place but also experience peace in nature.

Sentence 1- Sentence P introduces the subject of the paragraph i.e. honesty and its importance in life.

Sentence 2- Sentence Q further talks about how our words and deeds reflect honesty.

Sentence 3 – Sentence R is a continuation to sentence Q which explained that are words and deeds reflect honesty. Sentence R further explains how this happens.

Sentence 4- Sentence S concludes the paragraph. It is a continuation of the previous sentence which said that when we speak the truth we state the facts as they are. This sentence further continues by saying that we may sometimes find it convenient to avoid telling the truth, but if we are honest we should say the truth whatever may be the repercussions.

Sentence 1- Sentence Q introduces the subject of the paragraph which is kindness a quality.

Sentence 2- Sentence P further states that we can be kind to people who need our help. Thereby continuing the discussion that began in sentence Q.

Sentence 3- Sentence S is next in continuation to the previous sentence by providing more examples of people who we can be kind with.

Sentence 4- Sentence R takes the discussion further, expanding the life forms with whom we can be kind, like dogs, cats and other pets and domesticated animals, and to wildlife like birds and animals.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject of the paragraph. Sentence S provides an insight to the reader that the subject is time. All other sentences explain the same subject but don’t introduce it.

Sentence 2- Sentence P is a continuation of the previous sentence and an elaborate explanation of what the writer wants to convey on the subject ‘time’. The context of the sentence is time management if done efficiently will lead to successful completion of our goals and tasks.

Sentence 3- Sentence R explains what happens when we waste time, in contrast to the previous sentence which was about time management. These two contrasting sentence are together in the sequence, as sentence R serves as a repercussion if don’t manage our time (from the previous sentence).

Sentence 4- The last sentence should always conclude the paragraph. Sentence Q concludes the paragraph by a message or lesson for the readers. It states that if we wish to succeed in achieving our short term and long term goals we need to manage our time effectively.

Sentence 1- Sentence S provides an insight about the subject of the paragraph that has been talked about in the other sentence as well but only introduced in this sentence in specific.

Sentence 2- Sentence R is a continuation of sentence S which stated that no government likes negative reports. This sentence continues that point and states that every government is quick to accept reports that give it a pat on the back.

Sentence 3- Sentence P starts with ‘But’ which explains that the subject of the previous sentence must be subject here as well. This sentence further continues the discussion.

Sentence 4- Sentence Q is a continuation of the previous sentence as it begins with ‘this’ which means that the subject of the previous sentence must be subject here as well.

The previous sentence was about how negative reports rubbishes the governments and this sentence says that this type of behavior is not right.

Sentence 1- The sentence Q, provides an introduction to the subject that happens to the time period between the 2 world wars.

Sentence 2- Sentence P talks about the major issue between this period(from previous sentence) i.e. the great depression.

Sentence 3- Sentence R further explains how Hitler responded to this economic depression and therefore this sentence is next in sequence.

Sentence 4- Sentence S is a continuation of the previous sentence. This sentence further explains the impact of great depression in Germany and Hitler’s response to the same.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduced the subject of the paragraph. Sentence R provides an insight on the subject matter of the paragraph that is reading. The sentence tells us that reading is an essential skill building activity.

Sentence 2- The next sentence in this sequence is sentence P. It further explains how someone’s language fluency is also determined by the quality of reading.

Sentence 3- Sentence S is next in sequence as it explains the other things such as vocabulary enrichment, ideas collection, familiarization with different types of writing formats, speaking fluency that are also dependent on reading apart from language fluency. This is evident from the word ‘besides’, the sentence begins with besides showing how the discussion is continued.

Sentence 4- The last sentence should always conclude the paragraph. Sentence Q talks about how reading has lost its importance in modern times.

Hence, the correct order is RPSQ and the correct answer is option 4.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject matter of the paragraph. Sentence R introduces the subject of social media and technology serving as major distractions for students.

Sentence 2- Sentence P is a continuation of the previous subject. It explains how the young generation is addicted to these social media sites (explained in sentence R).

Sentence 3- Sentence S begins with ‘these’ which means the subject of the previous sentence is also the subject here. The context of this sentence is also similar to sentence P that is why this sentence is next in sequence.

Sentence 4- Sentence Q provides a conclusion to the discussion, by giving a measure to control the problem of excessive use of social media by the younger generation.

Sentence 1- Sentence P introduces the subject of Recycling and provides a detailed explanation of the same. It explains the process of recycling.

Sentence 2- Sentence R is a continuation of sentence P therefore is next in sequence. It talks about a recycled product whose formation was explained in the previous sentence.

Sentence 3- Sentence S explains the need of recycling. It states that the natural resources on our planet earth are limited so we must make the most to conserve, recycle.

Sentence 4- Sentence Q is a continuation of the point raised in sentence S. It states that not only are the resource limited (a point raised in S) but recycling also helps reducing waste in general.

Hence, the correct order is PRSQ and the correct answer is option 1.

The word significance means the quality of being worthy of attention; importance.

Meaninglessness means without meaning, significance, purpose, or value; purposeless.

Triviality means lack of seriousness or importance; insignificance

Denotation means the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

Therefore out of all the alternatives the word ‘significance’ makes more sense in the context of the sentence.

Hide means put or keep out of sight.

Herald means a person or thing viewed as a sign that something is about to happen.

Withhold means refuse to give something.

Finish means the end of a process or complete.

Out of the four alternatives, the word herald best fits the context of the sentence and makes sense.

Out of the four alternatives, the word ‘awakened’ best fits the context. Awakened refers to rouse from sleep; cause to stop sleeping. Hypnotise means capture the whole attention of (someone); fascinate.

Deaden means make (a noise or sensation) less strong or intense. Disowned means refuse to acknowledge or maintain any connection with.

The context of the sentence is that just like the natural sunrise brings a new morning that awakens everyone in the everyday life, there is one sunrise happening within us as well, that brings a new morning, a beginning within us.

Out of the four alternatives ‘receptive’ is the word that fits the context and makes sense.

Receptive means willing to consider or accept new suggestions and ideas.

Abditive means capable of hiding or concealing; tending to conceal.

Additive means to characterize by, relating to, or produced by addition and Imitative means copying or following a model or example.

Radiate means to emit (energy, light or energy) in the form of rays or waves.

Subjugate means bring under domination or control, especially by conquest.

Accentuate means make more noticeable or prominent.

Abdicate means fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty).

Out of all the alternatives, radiate best fits the context of the sentence and makes sense.

Innate refers to natal or inborn.

 Extrinsic means not part of the essential nature of someone or something; coming or operating from outside.

Learned refers to showing, requiring, or characterized by learning; scholarly.

Atypical means not representative of a type, group, or class.

Out of all the alternatives innate makes sense in the sentence and fits the context.

The word access makes more sense and fits the context best, out of the alternatives. Access refers to the means or opportunity to approach or enter a place. The context of sentence is that with concentration the mind can approach towards its inner most secrets just like the darkest places reveal their secrets to those few rays of light. Therefore the word access is right in this context.

The word receive means be given, presented with, or paid (something).

Connive means secretly allow (something immoral, illegal, or harmful) to occur.

Perceive refers to interpret or regard (someone or something) in a particular way; come to realize or understand.

Costive means slow or reluctant in speech or action; unforthcoming.

Therefore the word perceives fits right in this context and makes sense.

Trinity means the state of being three.

Amenity means a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.

Dignity refers the state or quality of being worthy of honour or respect.

Eternity means infinite, forever or timelessness.

Out of all the alternatives, eternity is the word the fits the context of the sentence. The context of the sentence is that whether life exists for five seconds or forever.

Evolution refers to the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Ambition refers to a strong desire to do or achieve something.

Bijection refers to a mapping that is both one-to-one (an injection) and onto (a surjection) in mathematical terms.

Cessation the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.

Looking at the meaning of all the words it is quite clear that the word cessation best fits the sentence.

Potent refers to having great power, influence, or effect.

Fragile refers to not strong or sturdy; delicate and vulnerable.

Ineffective means not producing any significant or desired effect.

Disabled means (of a person) having a physical or mental condition that limits their movements, senses, or activities

Out of all the alternatives, the word potent best fits the sentence, keeping in mind its meaning.

Sponsor a person or organization that pays for or contributes to the costs involved in staging a sporting or artistic event in return for advertising.

Precursor is a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner.

Sensor is a device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it.

Spoiler is a person or thing that spoils something.

Therefore looking at the meanings it is clear that the word that best fits the context is precursor.

Fiction means something that is invented or untrue.

Affection means a gentle feeling of fondness or liking.

Invocation refers to an incantation used to invoke a deity or the supernatural.A form of words introducing a prayer, sermon, etc.

Construction the action of building something.

Looking at the meanings it is clear that the word invocation fits the sentence better.

Getting off refers to escape a punishment; be acquitted.

Concluding refers to the process of ending.

Embarking refers to beginning a course of action.

Therefore looking at the meanings, it is clear that the word embarking fits the blank.

Released refers allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free.

Harnessed means control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy.

Indulgence refers the action or fact of indulging.

Liberated means free from social conventions or traditional ideas, especially with regard to sexual roles.

Out of all the alternatives the word harnessed best fits the blank, keeping in mind its meaning.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject of the paragraph. Sentence R provides the reader with an insight to the subject i.e. electrical waste.

Sentence 2- Sentence P is a continuation of sentence R and explains the E-waste is a valuable source of raw material.

Sentence 3-Sentence Q begins with ‘but’ this means that it is a continuation of the previous sentence. Sentence P highlighted the benefit of E-waste and Q highlights its disadvantage.

Sentence 4- The last line should conclude the paragraph. Sentence S states that due to the rapidly changing technology, the quantity of E-waste has increased over the time.

Sentence 1-Sentence Q provides an insight to the subject of the sentence, i.e. human relationships. All other sentence talk about the same topic, but none of them clearly introduces the subject except Q.

Sentence 2- Sentence P begins with ‘this’ which means it is a continuation of the previous sentence. This here refers to the fact that, ‘relationships are easy until there is emotional turmoil’.

Sentence 3- Sentence R talks about how on changing the interpretation in our mind of what we think, we can change our emotions and change the emotions in our relationship and improve them.

Sentence 4- Sentence S is a continuation of the pervious sentence, which explained us how to change the emotional quality of our relationships. This sentence tells us that on doing so we can open new possibilities in life.

Sentence 1- Sentence P introduces the subject of the paragraph that is low self-esteem. The first line of every paragraph should introduce the subject and this is what sentence P does here.

Sentence 2- Sentence R is next in sequence as it is a continuation of the previous sentence. This evident from the words ‘if you feel like this’, sentence P was about how low esteem makes us feel about ourselves, and sentence R refers to the exact same feeling.

Sentence 3- Sentence S is next in sequence as it elaborates the effects of low esteem, just like sentence R did.

Sentence 4- The last sentence should always round off the paragraph and that is why sentence Q is last in the sequence. It rounds off whatever has been said in the previous sentences.

Hence, the correct order is PRSQ and the correct answer is option 1.

Sentence 1- Sentence Q clearly introduces the subject of the paragraph that is the policy of Privatisation in Air India. All the other sentences explain the same subject but not introduce it as clearly as Q.

Sentence 2- Sentence P begins with ‘this’ which means it is a continuation of the previous sentence. This here refers to the policy of privatisation in Air India. So sentence P is next in sequence.

Sentence 3- Sentence R is next in sequence as it talks about the fact that the parliamentary committee is yet to react on the policy that was explained in the previous lines.

Sentence 4- Sentence S concludes the paragraph by providing another side of the discussion that there could not be a more opportune time to push ahead with disinvestment; this, ironically, happened after the airlines had improved its operational performance.

Sentence 1- Sentence P introduces the subject of the paragraph and that is why the first sentence in sequence. The subject here is the effects of the excessive use of chemicals during Green Revolution.

Sentence 2-Sentence Q is next in sequence as it elaborates the point of depletion of soil nutrients, raised in sentence P.

Sentence 3-Sentence R begins with ‘besides’ which means it is a continuation of the previous sentence. It provides another fact in the matter.

Sentence 4- Sentence S is last in sequence as it provides a conclusion to the paragraph.

Sentence 1- The first sentence should always introduce the subject of the paragraph.

Sentence 2- Sentence Q begins with ‘but’ which means it is a continuation of the previous sentence. Sentence Q is continuation of sentence R and therefore next in sequence.

Sentence 3-Sentence S a continuation of sentence Q. Both sentences have the same subjects i.e. the recent episodes of insider trading.

Sentence 4- The last sentence in the sequence is sentence P as it concludes the paragraph.

Sentence 1- Sentence P introduces the subject of the paragraph i.e. pragmatism

Sentence 2- Sentence R is next in sequence as it is the continuation of the point raised in sentence P.

Sentence 3- Sentence Q talks about how it is not possible for the mind to relate to anything other than ideas. A similar point to the one stated in R i.e. the mind only deals with ideas.

Sentence 4- Sentence S is a conclusion to the paragraph, as it states that since the mind relates only to ideas (something discussed in the previous lines) therefore, it is not correct to think that the mind actually can ponder reality.

Hence, the correct order is PRQS and the correct answer is option 3.

Sentence 1- The first line should always introduce the subject of the paragraph, and that is what sentence Q does here. The subject here is PSBs need systemic reform to overhaul their current decision-making structure and culture.

Sentence 2- Sentence P is a continuation of the previous sentence as this sentence elaborates on the basic reform that PSBs need to work on. A point raised in Q.

Sentence 3-Sentence R provides another solution or suggestion in this case on the matter of PSBs.

Sentence 4-  Sentence S is a conclusion to the paragraph, as it provides another seperate fact in the matter being discussed.

Amateur a person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on an unpaid basis.

Chauffeur is a person employed to drive a private hired car.

Connoisseur is an expert judge in matters of taste.

Provocateur is an undercover agent who incites suspected persons to partake in or commit criminal acts.

Therefore the correct answer is 2.

The correct answer is Option 3) i.e. Gratis

Key Points

• The meaning of the words given in the option are:
• Fortis means strongly articulated, especially more so than another consonant articulated in the same place.
• Glottis means the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the slit-like opening between them. It affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction.
• Gratis refers given or done for nothing; free.
• Abatis means a defence made of felled trees placed lengthwise over each other with the boughs pointing outwards
• Therefore the meaning that is similar to the phrase ‘costing nothing’ is gratis.

Additional Information

• Gratis comes from the Latin word for "favor;" so in English a party favor is a small item given gratis to everyone attending a party.
• Gratis is used as both an adjective ("The drinks were gratis") and an adverb ("Drinks were served gratis"). But however it's used, it means "free".

Neophyte means a person who is new to a subject or activity.

Holophytic means being able to synthesize complex organic compounds by photosynthesis.

Mesophyte is a plant needing only a moderate amount of water.

Epiphyte is a plant that grows on another plant, especially one that is not parasitic, such as the numerous ferns, bromeliads, air plants, and orchids growing on tree trunks in tropical rainforests.

Therefore the correct answer here is 1.

Bemuse means puzzle, confuse, or bewilder.

Recluse refers to a person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people or lives alone.

Applause means approval or praise expressed by clapping.

Abstruse means difficult to understand; obscure.

Therefore the correct answer here is option 2

Envious means feeling or showing envy.

Impervious refers to not allowing fluid to pass through.

Concious means aware of and responding to one's surroundings.

Nauseous means affected with nausea; feeling inclined to vomit. Therefore the correct answer is option 2.

Reservoir means a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

Abattoir means a slaughterhouse.

Memoir refers to a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge.

Peignoir is a woman's light dressing gown or negligee.

Therefore the correct answer is option 2.

Plaintive means sounding sad and mournful.

Fugitive is a person who has escaped from captivity or is in hiding.

Accretive is the process of accretion, which is growth or increase by gradual addition, in finance and general nomenclature.

Adventives is a species that is not native and usually not yet well established, as exotic plants or animals.

Therefore the correct answer is 2.

The given answer is Venial.

Key Points

• Venial means (of a fault or offence) slight and pardonable.
• Bovial is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to cattle.
• Aerial means existing, happening, or operating in the air.
• Xenial means relating to, or constituting hospitality or relations between host and guest and especially among the ancient Greeks between persons of different cities.
  

Therefore, the correct answer here is option 1 Venial.

The epineurium is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve.

Elysium is the place at the ends of the earth to which certain favoured heroes were conveyed by the gods after death and as a noun an Elysium is a place or state of perfect happiness.

Encomium is a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.

Eulogium a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, especially a tribute to someone who has just died.

Therefore the correct answer here is Elysium.

Armoury is a place where weapons are kept.

Allegory is a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, through symbols.

Amatory is relating to or induced by sexual love or desire.

Aleatory = depending on the throw of a dice or on chance; random.

Therefore the correct answer here is option 2.

Polygonum is a plant of a genus that includes knotgrass and knotweed, some of which are weeds and some are garden ornamentals.

Magnum is a wine bottle of twice the standard size, normally 1 1/2 litres. In US, it can also mean a gun designed to fire cartridges that are more powerful than its calibre would suggest.

Interregnum is a period when the normal government is suspended, especially between successive reigns or regimes. Or more simply, an interval or pause between two periods of office or other things.

Presternum is the anterior segment of the sternum of a mammal.

Therefore the correct answer here is 3.

Anthracite is coal of a hard variety that contains relatively pure carbon and burns with little flame and smoke.

Chalcocite is a black or gray lustrous metallic mineral that consists of a sulfide of copper and is an important copper ore.

Plebiscite the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution.

Reincite refers to incite again.

Therefore the correct answer here is option 3.

From all the alternatives ‘order’ and ‘has ordered to’ does not fit the context grammatically, and do not fit the sentence. Therefore the correct answer is ‘has ordered’.

Out of the options given, 2 is the correct answer. ‘Prefers reading rather going’ and ‘preferred reading to go’ are grammatically incorrect in the context of the sentence. Therefore the correct answer is ‘prefers reading to going’.

From the given alternatives, Vain refers to producing no result; useless.

Wain is a wagon or cart. Wane refers to have a progressively smaller part of its visible surface illuminated so that it appears to decrease in size and vein is the name of a human nerve.

Therefore, none of the words fit the context better than Vain, therefore there is no need for improvement.

From the given alternatives, ‘is the only’ is the correct answer.

‘Is a only’ is grammatically incorrect keeping in mind the rules of vowels and grammar.

‘Is an only’ does not fit in the sentence grammatically since here we are referring to a specific doctor, Dr Gupta that is why ‘an’ cannot be used.

The correct answer is from the beginning to the end

Key Points

• In the given sentence it is clear that they are talking about a particular documentary.
• And they are referring to the beginning and the end of that specific documentary.
• While mentioning things that are specific, and things which the speaker knows about we use the definite article.
• The definite article is used to talk about things that are used in particular.
• In the given sentence the specific documentary and it's beginning and end.
• Thus we should use from the beginning to the end as we are talking about something in particular.
• Therefore the correct answer here is ‘from the beginning to the end’.

From the given alternatives, ‘on get’ is incorrect because the sentence is framed in past continuous tense and ‘on get’ is present tense. ‘In getting’ is grammatically incorrect with respect to the context of the sentence, ‘into’ is already present in the sentence.

Therefore the correct answer is ‘by getting’, and option 3 is correct.

From the given alternatives ‘with’ is the correct answer. The word alacrity means brisk and cheerful readiness, so the words ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘from’ are grammatically incorrect.

From the given alternatives ‘caused often’ and ‘causing often’ are grammatically incorrect with respect to the context of the sentence.

Often is an adverb and it should precede the verb 'causes' in this context.

The correct answer here would be ‘often causes’.

From the given alternatives, ‘personnel’s’ means people employed in an organization therefore it does not fit the context of the statement. ‘Person’ is grammatically in correct here. So the correct answer is ‘person’s’.

The correct answer is No improvement. 

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in the active voice of the future tense and the verb be is the main verb here.
• The word fair is an adjective and hence it is correctly placed here which means appropriate and acceptable in a particular situation (उचित, सही).
• Example: That’s a fair price for that house.
• All the other given alternatives are grammatically incorrect concerning the context of the sentence and the correct answer would be ‘will be fair’.
• Therefore, there is no need for improvement.
  

The correct choice is option 4.

From the given alternatives ‘makes’ and ‘will makes’ does not fit the tense of the sentence.

‘Makes’ is present tense and ‘will make’ is future tense, while the sentence is framed in past tense.

Therefore the correct answer here is ‘had to make’.

From the given alternatives, ‘leaning’ does not fit the tense of the sentence; ‘learning’ is continuous present tense, while the sentence is framed in past tense. ‘Had learn’ is grammatically incorrect. Therefore the correct answer here is ‘learnt’

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'Chose'

• As the sentence is in the simple past tense, hence, the second form of the verb will be in use here.
• Also, because, both the states of actions are in the same tense, hence, the form of the verbs will be in the same tense (V2)
• Keeping the same thing in mind, the sentence, after correction, is supposed to be:
• ​The student who chose to represent the school was the epitome of dedication and excellence.

The correct answer is option 3.

Here, the superlative form of the adjective(in this specific case, a determiner) 'many' has been used to signify that life in almost all thriving towns is intimately connected with the local trades and industries.

Much' is an adjective of the positive degree generally used to qualify uncountable nouns, which clearly is not the case here. A 'town' is a countable noun. 

Note: Many>More>Most (increase in degree as we move from left to right)

The word endowed means provided/blessed with a quality, ability, or asset. The context of the sentence is that Keshav is provided/blessed with rare talents.

From the given alternatives, keeping in mind the meaning of the word the correct answer is ‘endowed with’ because ‘endowed of’, ‘endowed on’ are grammatically incorrect and  ‘endowed upon’ does not fit the context of the sentence.

From the given alternatives the correct answer is ‘passed’.

‘Passes’ and ‘passing’ are incorrect as they don’t match the tense of the sentence. On the other hand ‘has passed’ is grammatically in correct in this context.

The correct answer is Describe.

Key Points

Reading the above sentence we find that:

• Affirmations are positive statements is a plural subject.
• Therefore the verb should agree with it. Thus describes is wrong and we should use the plural verb 'describe'.
• ‘Describing’ and ‘is describing’ are grammatically incorrect in the context of the sentence and the tenses do not match the tense of the sentence.

Thus the correct answer is Option 2 i.e Describe.

From the given alternatives, the correct answer is ‘increase’.

‘Have increased’ and ‘increased’ are grammatically incorrect in the context of the sentence.

From the given alternatives, ‘to maintain’ is the correct answer.

‘Maintaining’ and ‘maintained’ are grammatically incorrect in the context of the sentence and do not match with the tense of the sentence.

The correct answer is "No Improvement". 

Key Points

• The phrase in question, "fill us," is appropriately used in the context of the sentence, indicating what the landscape will do to "us" (the viewers or experiencers of the landscape).
• The tense and subject of the phrase correctly align with the rest of the sentence, which is presented in the future tense and focuses on the effect on "us."
• Option 1 ("Will fill us") adds an unnecessary future tense marker given that "will not just attract" already sets the sentence in the future tense, making it redundant.
• Option 2 ("Filled us") incorrectly shifts the verb tense to the past, disrupting the future-oriented context of the sentence.
• Option 3 ("Fill them") changes the pronoun, which alters the intended subject from "us" to "them," potentially misdirecting the context of who is being satisfied by the landscape.
• Maintaining "fill us" preserves the sentence's original meaning and grammatical integrity.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "No improvement".

Note: Official answer is "Option 1".

From the given alternatives, the correct answer is ‘to unify’.

‘Unity’ is the wrong word in the context of the sentence, and just ‘unify’ would be grammatically incorrect.

Hence, option 3 is correct.