SSC CGL 2022 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On : 12 Dec 2022 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Statements:

Some spices are medicines.

All medicines are chemicals.

No chemical is cheap.

 

Conclusions:

I. Some medicines are cheap → Does not follow → As all medicines are chemicals and no chemical is cheap. So some medicines are cheap is not definitely followed.

II. Some chemicals are spices → Follow → As some spices are medicines and all medicines are chemicals. So some chemicals are spices is definitely followed.

III. No medicine is cheap → Follow → As all medicines are chemicals and no chemical is cheap. So no medicine is cheap is definitely followed.

So, Only conclusions II and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed here is:

We have to replace the mathematical signs to sequentially replace the * signs to balance the given equation.

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) +, ÷, ×, =

Given: 50 * 25 * 10 * 2 * 175

After putting the mathematical sign we get the;

⇒ 50 + 25 ÷ 10 × 2 = 175

⇒ 50 + 2.5 × 2 = 175

⇒ 50 + 5 = 175

⇒ 55 ≠ 175

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) −, ×, ÷, =

Given: 50 * 25 * 10 * 2 * 175

After putting the mathematical sign we get the;

⇒ 50 - 25 × 10 ÷ 2 = 175

⇒ 50 - 25 × 5 = 175

⇒ 50 - 125 = 175

⇒ - 75 ≠ 175

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) −, ×, +, =

Given: 50 * 25 * 10 * 2 * 175

After putting the mathematical sign we get the;

⇒ 50 - 25 × 10 + 2 = 175

⇒ 50 - 250 + 2 = 175

⇒ 52 - 250 = 175

⇒ - 198 ≠ 175

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) +, ×, ÷, =

Given: 50 * 25 * 10 * 2 * 175

After putting the mathematical sign we get the;

⇒ 50 + 25 × 10 ÷ 2 = 175

⇒ 50 + 25 × 5 = 175

⇒ 50 + 125 = 175

⇒ 175 = 175

⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

R ÷ S means that R is the mother of S.

R × S means that R is the father of S.

R - S means that R is the sister of S.

Given relation code:

Find: Which expression shows that P is the Father of R?

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) P × Q ÷ R

P is the father of Q, and Q is the mother of R.

Here, P is the maternal grandfather of R. (Incorrect)

Option 2) Q × P - R

Q is the father of P, and P is the sister of R.

Here, P is the sister of R. (Incorrect)

Option 3) R × Q - P

R is the father of Q, and Q is the sister of P.

Here, the gender of P is not clear. So we can't find How P is related to R. (Incorrect)

Option 4) P × Q - R

P is the father of Q, and Q is the sister of R.

Here, P is the father of R. (Correct)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is:

We have to interchange the signs and two numbers in the following equations to make it correct.

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) 10 and 19, - and +

Given: 10 × 11 + 19 - 323 ÷ 3 = 50

After interchanging the sign and two numbers we get the;

⇒ 19 × 11 - 10 + 323 ÷ 3 = 50

⇒ 19 × 11 - 10 + 107.66 = 50

⇒ 209 - 10 + 107.66 = 50

⇒ 316.6 - 10 = 50

⇒ 306.6 ≠ 50 

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) 3 and 19, - and ×

Given: 10 × 11 + 19 - 323 ÷ 3 = 50

After interchanging the sign and two numbers we get the;

⇒ 10 - 11 + 3 × 323 ÷ 19 = 50

⇒ 10 - 11 + 3 × 17 = 50

⇒ 10 - 11 + 51 = 50

⇒ 61 - 11 = 50

⇒ 50 = 50

⇒ LHS = RHS

Option 3) 10 and 11, - and ÷

Given: 10 × 11 + 19 - 323 ÷ 3 = 50

After interchanging the sign and two numbers we get the;

⇒ 11 × 10 + 19 ÷ 323 - 3 = 50

⇒ 11 × 10 + 0.0588 - 3 = 50

⇒ 110 + 0.0588 - 3 = 50

⇒ 110.0588 - 3 = 50

⇒107.0588 ≠ 50

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) 10 and 323, + and ÷

Given: 10 × 11 + 19 - 323 ÷ 3 = 50

After interchanging the sign and two numbers we get the;

⇒ 323 × 11 ÷ 19 - 10 + 3 = 50

⇒ 323 × 0.578 - 10 + 3 = 50

⇒ 187 - 10 + 3 = 50

⇒ 190 - 10 = 50

⇒ 180 ≠ 50

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The position of the English alphabet series is given below:

'CAKES’ is written as 'FXNBV'

And,

'ABUSE' is written as 'DYXPH'

Similarly,

'BARKS' be written as '?'

Hence, the correct answer is "EXUHV".

The pattern followed here is:

The number of odd days:

Simple year: 365 ÷ 7 = 52 weeks and 1 odd day.

Leap year: 366 ÷ 7 = 52 weeks and 2 odd days.

Calculating the number of odd days in 1994 = 1600 + 300 + 94 years

1600 years have 0 odd days.

300 years have 1 odd day.

93 years has 23 leap years and 70 normal years which is 23 × 2 + 70 × 1 = 116 Odd days or simply 4 odd days.

in 1994, the number of days up to 26th November.

⇒ Jan (31) + Feb (28) + March (31) + April (30) + May (31) + June (30) + July (31) + Aug (31) + Sep (30) + October (31) + Nov (26) = 330 days

⇒ 330 ÷ 7 = 1 Odd day.

Total odd days is = 1 + 4 + 1 = 6 Odd days

Code for weekdays.

Cleary, 6 is the code for Saturday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Saturday".

The position of the English alphabet series is given below:

Given: COMB, GIUR, KCCH, OWKX, ?

Hence, the correct answer is "SQSN".

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: (First number)² + (Third number)² = Second number.

1. (12, 313, 13)

⇒ (12)² + (13)²

⇒ 144 + 169 = 313

2. (11, 185, 8)

⇒ (11)2 + (8)2

⇒ 121 + 64 = 185

Let's check each option one by one:

Option 1) (12, 158, 12)

⇒ (12)2 + (12)2

⇒ 144 + 144 = 288 ≠ 158. (Incorrect)

Option 2) (4, 125, 11)

⇒ (4)2 + (11)2

⇒ 16 + 121 = 137 ≠ 125. (Incorrect)

Option 3) (9, 90, 3)

⇒ (9)2 + (3)2

⇒ 81 + 9 = 90. (Correct)

Option 4) (15, 150, 10)

⇒ (15)2 + (10)2

⇒ 225 + 100 = 325 ≠ 150. (Incorrect)

Hence, the correct answer is "(9, 90, 3)".

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: (First number × Second number) × 4 = Third number.

1. (6, 17, 408)

⇒ (6 × 17) × 4

⇒ 102 × 4 = 408

2. (13, 27, 1404)

⇒ (13 × 27) × 4

⇒ 351 × 4 = 1404

Let's check each option one by one:

Option 1) (9, 27, 245)

⇒ (9 × 27) × 4

⇒ 243 × 4 = 972 ≠ 245. (Incorrect)

Option 2) (17, 28, 952)

⇒ (17 × 28) × 4

⇒ 476 × 4 = 1904 ≠ 952. (Incorrect)

Option 3) (5, 82, 1200)

⇒ (5 × 82) × 4

⇒ 410 × 4 = 1640 ≠ 1200. (Incorrect)

Option 4) (4, 26, 416)

⇒ (4 × 26) × 4

⇒ 104 × 4 = 416 = 416 (Correct)

Hence, the correct answer is "(4, 26, 416)".

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: No two opposite faces are adjacent to each other.

Let's find which number is faced opposite to face having '2'.

We are taking both dice figures (1) & (2) together.

Here, 6 and 3 are common in both dice and 5 is opposite to 2.

Now, we are taking dice figures (2) & (3) together.

Here, 2 is common in both the dice and the rotated clockwise direction.

Opposite pairs:

⇒ 5 ⇔ 2

⇒ 6 ⇔ 1

⇒ 3 ⇔ 4

Clearly, 5 is the opposite of 2.

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

The pattern followed here is:

The least possible Venn diagram is shown below according to the given statements.

Statements:

I. All W are L.

II. All L are M.

Conclusions:

I. No L is W → Does not follow → As all W are L and all L are M. So No L is W is not definitely followed.

II. No M is L → Does not follow → As all W are L and all L are M. So No M is L is not definitely followed.

III. No M is W → Does not follow → As all W are L and all L are M. So No M is W is not definitely followed.

So, Neither conclusion follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is:

1)   Elements of 1st column and 3rd column are moving clockwise direction. Elements of 2nd column and 4th column are moving in anti-clockwise direction. 

2)  1st, 2nd and 3rd rows follows different pattern.

​

3)  Elements of 1st column and 3rd column are moving clockwise direction. Elements of 2nd column and 4th column are moving in anti-clockwise direction. 

4)  1st, 2nd and 3rd rows follows different pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The position of the English alphabet letters is given below:

Let's check each option one by one:

Option 1) LJI

Option 2) GDA

Option 3) NLK

Option 4) TRQ

Hence, the correct answer is "GDA".

The position of the English alphabet letters is given below:

Given: RD, JF, DJ, ZP, ?

 

Hence, the correct answer is "XX".

The logic is followed here is:

1) Vowels are shifted at first 

2) Consonants are shifted  -2 and arranged after vowel.

STABLE : AEQRZJ ⇒

And,

TARGET : AERPER ⇒

Similarly,

VISUAL : ? ⇒

Hence the correct answer is "IUATQJ".

The pattern followed here is:

Given: × and +, 7 and 4

I. 7 × 8 + 4 – 6 ÷ 3 = 57

Given: × and +, 7 and 4

⇒ 4 + 8 × 7 – 6 ÷ 3 = 57

⇒ 4 + 8 × 7 - 2 = 57

⇒ 4 + 56 - 2 = 57

⇒ 60 - 2 = 57

⇒ 58 ≠ 57 (Not Correct)

II. 4 × 8 – 9 ÷ 3 + 7 = 3

Given: × and +, 7 and 4

⇒ 7 + 8 – 9 ÷ 3 × 4 = 3

⇒ 7 + 8 - 3 × 4 = 3

⇒ 7 + 8 - 12 = 3

⇒ 15 - 12 = 3

⇒ 3 = 3 (Correct)

So, Only I is not correct.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed here is:

1. Middle figure is rotated in a 90º anti-clockwise direction.

2. Addition of + 1 and shifted right-hand side and same letter shifted toward the left-hand side.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The position of the English alphabet is given below:

'ENGINE' is written as ‘ENIGNE’

​

And,

'TRAIN’ is written as 'NIART

Similarly,

'LEVEL' be written as '?'

Hence, the correct answer is "LEVEL".

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: (First number ÷ 5) = Second number & (Second number ÷ 5) = Third number.

Let's check each option one by one:

Option 1) (600 - 120 - 24)

⇒ (600 ÷ 5) = 120

⇒ (120 ÷ 5) = 24 (Correct)

Option 2) (400 - 80 - 14)

⇒ (400 ÷ 5) = 80

⇒ (80 ÷ 5) = 16 ≠ 14 (Incorrect)

Option 3) (300 - 60 - 12)

⇒ (300 ÷ 5) = 60

⇒ (60 ÷ 5) = 12. (Correct)

Option 4) (500 - 100 - 20)

⇒ (500 ÷ 5) = 100

⇒ (100 ÷ 5) = 20. (Correct)

Hence, the correct answer is "(400 - 80 - 14)".

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: [(First number × (First number ÷ 2)] × 3 = Second number.

1. 8 : 96

⇒ [(8 × (8 ÷ 2)] × 3 

⇒ [(8 × 4)] × 3

⇒ 32 × 3 = 96

And,

2. 12 : 216

⇒ [(12 × (12 ÷ 2)] × 3 

⇒ [(12 × 6)] × 3

⇒ 72 × 3 = 216

Similarly,

3. ? : 54

By option 6 is using.

⇒ [(6 × (6 ÷ 2)] × 3 

⇒ [(6 × 3)] × 3

⇒ 18 × 3 = 54

Hence, the correct answer is "6".

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Given: 

A & B means ‘A is the son of B’

A # B means ‘A is the sister of B’

A @ B means ‘A is the brother of B’

A % B means ‘A is the father of B’

A - B means ‘A is the daughter of B’

A * B means ‘A is the wife of B’

Given: C # D @ E % Z & L # M - N * P

 

Clearly, L is the daughter of P.

Hence, the correct answer is "Daughter".

The pattern followed here is:

Panel : Jurors → A panel is a whole group of Jurors. The meaning of these words is a group of people who have chosen to listen to the facts in a court action and decide whether a person is guilty or not.

Similarly,

Portfolio : Securities → A portfolio is the entire group of securities a person holds for the investment.

Hence, the correct answer is "Securities".

Additional Information 

The pattern followed here is:

Given: 1, 4, 13, 40, ?, 364

 

Hence, the correct answer is "121".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is held on the PQ side.

Detailed Explanation:

• The correct mirror image of the given figure is "

" the seventh letter of the given image is 'I' and the correct mirror image is "I" but it is wrongly given in options 1 & 4 so option 1 & 4 is eliminated.

• The correct mirror image of the given figure is "

" the fifth letter of the given image is 'O' and the correct mirror image is "O" but it is wrongly given in option 3 so option 3 is eliminated.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Additional Information 

1. In the mirror image left side and right side changed vice-versa where the top and bottom remain the same.

2. In a real given mirror image the farthest number or alphabet appears closest in the mirror image.

Correct answer Neither I nor II

Key Points:

• India is the 7th largest country in the world in terms of land area and also the largest country in terms of population.
• India has a total of 8 Union Territories and 28 states.
• As per the Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh ranks fourth in terms of area but ranks first in terms of population,
• Uttar Pradesh ranks first with a total population of 199,812,341.
• The total area of Uttar Pradesh is 240,928 km2.

Area-wise states-

Population-wise states-

Rajasthan is the largest state of India in terms of area.

• It covers an area of 342,239 sq. km and has a population of 6.85 crores as per the 2011 census.
• It accounts for 10.41% of the total country's area.

Here are the largest Indian states by area, from largest to smallest:

1. ​Rajasthan: 342,239 square kilometers
2. Madhya Pradesh: 308,252 square kilometers
3. Maharashtra: 307,713 square kilometers
4. Uttar Pradesh: 240,928 square kilometers
5. Gujarat: 196,024 square kilometers
6. Karnataka: 191,791 square kilometers
7. Andhra Pradesh: 162,975 square kilometers
8. Odisha: 155,707 square kilometers
9. Chhattisgarh: 135,192 square kilometers
10. Tamil Nadu: 130,058 square kilometers

• Some of the smallest states of India by area are: 

1. Goa: 3,702 square kilometers
2. Sikkim: 7,096 square kilometers
3. Tripura: 10,486 square kilometers
4. Nagaland: 16,579 square kilometers

The correct answer is Padmaja Reddy.

Key Points Padmaja Reddy:

• Kuchipudi dancer, Padmaja Reddy received the Padma Shri Award in 2022.
• Padmaja Reddy is from Hyderabad
• She has received Sangeeta Nataka Akademi Award, the highest award given by the Indian government to practicing artists.
• she was the first person from Telangana to ever receive this honor.
• She also runs a dance academy called Pranav Institute of Kuchipudi Dance.
• She was invited to give a performance at the official residence of India’s Prime Minister:

Additional Information:

Correct Answer Resul Pookutty

Key Points

• 'India's Daughter' is a documentary film directed by Leslee Udwin about the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder of a 23-year-old woman.
• The film's sound designer and re-recording mixer, Resul Pookutty, became the first Asian to win the award for best sound for the documentary at the Motion Picture Sound Editors’ 63rd annual Golden Reel Awards.
• Resul Pookutty-Resul Pookutty is an Indian film sound designer, sound editor, and audio mixer.
• He won the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing, along with Richard Pryke and Ian Tapp, for Slumdog Millionaire.

Correct Answer CaSO₄⋅1/2H₂O

Key Points Explanation:

• Plaster of Paris (POP) is a quick-setting gypsum plaster consisting of a fine white powder (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), which hardens when moistened and allowed to dry.
• It is also known as the Plaster of Paris because for the preparation of POP, the abundant gypsum was first found near the capital city of France i.e. Paris.
• The chemical formula of the Plaster of Paris is CaSO4.$\frac{1}{2}$ H2O =
• Application of Plaster of Paris is as follows

1. It is used as a building material as a protective coating on walls and ceilings.
2. It is used as a moulding and vesting agent for decorative elements.
3. It is also used for aesthetic touch to the construction elements.
4. It is also used as plaster in orthopaedics and as a filling material by dentists, etc.

Confusion Points:

• Gypsum is an ore of Calcium (Ca). The chemical formula of Gypsum is CaSO4. 2H2O.
• Gypsum is mainly used as a fertilizer, as the main constituent in plaster, chalk, etc.
• The plaster of Paris on mixing with water produces gypsum.
• Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2 H2O) on hydration leads to the crystallization of gypsum calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O).

The correct answer is Bhopal.

Key Points:

• The Indian Institute of Soil Science is an autonomous institute for higher learning for advanced research in the field of soil sciences.
• It was established under the umbrella of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
• The Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS) was established in 1988 in Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) with an aim to promote scientific research on soil sciences.

Mistake Points:

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) 

• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organization under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
• It was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture.
• The ICAR has its headquarters in New Delhi.
• The Council is the apex body for co-ordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries, and animal sciences in the entire country.

The correct answer is Bombay Presidency

**Key Points:**Satyashodhak Samaj:

• Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj in Pune, Maharashtra, on 24th September 1873.
• It was a reformational society that promoted education and increased social rights, justice, and political access in the deprived sections.
• Moreover, its primary focus was on uplifting and supporting Dalits, Shudras, and women in Maharashtra.
• Jyotiba Phule’s wife, Savitribai, used to administer the social activities for the women’s section.
• Jyotirao established it to stand against the unfair caste system and orthodox, illogical Brahminical status in this society.
• He challenged the Brahmins who claimed themselves to be God’s messenger and a connecting medium to the almighty.
• The Samaj rejected the approach of Vedic culture, Upanishad, and the predominance of Aryan society. Instead, according to him, Aryan society tries to suppress and deprive the non-Aryans, which he protested.
• Shahu Maharaj, a Maratha ruler of the princely state Kolhapur, continued the movement after the death of Phule.
• Later, Bhaurao Patil and other Maratha leaders like Nana Patil, Keshavrao Jedhe, Madhavrao Bagal, and Khanderao Bagal kept this movement alive.
• However, the Samaj gradually dissolved during the 1930s as these leaders started to join the Indian National Congress.

Correct Answer recurring deposits

Key Points:

• A Recurring Deposit or RD as it is commonly called is a unique term deposit offered by banks. It is an investment tool that permits those with the ability to make regular deposits to earn decent returns on their investment.
• Consisting of regular deposits and an interest component, Recurring Deposits provide flexibility and ease of use to individuals.
• The account holders can choose to invest a particular amount each month, ensuring that they have sufficient income for an emergency, with the RD earning decent interest on the amount.
• The minimum period of a recurring deposit is 6 months and the maximum is 10 years.

Additional InformationTypes of Bank accounts are following

• Savings Account
• Recurring Deposit Account
• Current Account
• Fixed Deposit Account
• DEMAT Account
• NRI Account

The savings bank account

• It is mostly eligible for pensioners, students, and working professionals.
• The bank pays interest on the deposits.

Current Account

• This type of bank account is mostly opened by businessmen and is useful when frequent transactions are needed on daily basis.
• An overdraft facility is available.
• No interest is paid on the deposits.

The NRI accounts are divided into 3 types are following

• NRO ( Non-Resident Ordinary Rupees) Account
• NRE ( Non-Resident External Rupees) Account
• FCNR ( Foreign Currency Non-Resident ) Account

Fixed Deposit Account

• It is a type of time deposit and a one-time takeaway account.

Demat Account

• ​This account is opened for shares and securities holding electronically.

Correct Answer magnesium oxide

Key PointsConcept: 

• This is a redox type of reaction.
• Redox is a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.
• Reduction is a reaction in which the addition of hydrogen takes place.
• The reduction can also be defined in terms of the gain of electrons.
• The reaction in which the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen takes place is known as an oxidation reaction.
• Oxidation can also be defined in terms of loss of electrons.
• Magnesium is designated as Mg.
• Magnesium oxide is MgO.

Explanation:

• Magnesium belongs to group 2 and is also a part of s block elements.
• Atomic no. of Mg is 12
• It has 2 valence electrons as seen from its electronic configuration, Mg =12 = 2,8,2.
• Thus oxidation of Mg occurs by losing 2 electrons, and Mg forms Mg+2 ions.
• These 2 electrons are gained by oxygen atoms forming O-2  ions thereby undergoing Reduction.
• When Mg ribbon is burnt in presence of oxygen it reacts with the elemental oxygen forming Magnesium oxide.
• Magnesium oxide thus form is a white colour, odourless powder.

Reaction:

2Mg  → 2Mg+2  +  4e-  ----------oxidation half reaction.

O2  + 4e-   → 2O-2   -------------Reduction half-reaction

​​ 2Mg   + O2     →    2MgO

Additional Information:

• Magnesium oxide also may be used as a laxative for short-term, rapid emptying of the bowel (before surgery) however should not be used repeatedly.
• When magnesium oxide is mixed with water, it is called magnesium hydroxide—this mixture helps in neutralizing stomach acid ( Acidity ).
• MgO is a solid that is physically and chemically stable at high temperatures.

The correct answer is Sedimentary rocks.

Key Points: Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of fragments of rocks by exogenous processes.

• It is formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms.
• It is formed from sediments.
• Sedimentary rocks are rocks that contain fossils.
• The word ‘sedimentary’ is derived from the Latin word sedimentum, which means settling.
• Sandstone, shale, and Chalk are some examples of Sedimentary Rocks.
• Based on the mode of formation, sedimentary rocks are categorized into three groups:

1. Mechanically formed.
2. Chemically formed.
3. Organically formed.

Additional InformationRock cycle:​​

• Rocks do not remain in their original form for a long period.
• They undergo a transformation.
• This cycle is an uninterrupted process through which old rocks are converted into new ones.
• Igneous rocks are primary rocks.
• These rocks can be changed into metamorphic rocks.
• Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed from these primary rocks.
• The fragments evolved out of metamorphic rocks and igneous again form into sedimentary rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks themselves can develop into fragments.
• The crustal rocks -igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary-once formed may be carried down into the interior of the Earth through subduction.
• In this process, parts or entire crustal plates subduct under another plate and the same melt at high temperatures in the interior.
• This results in the formation of molten magma, the unique source for igneous rocks.
• The process of transformation follows the steps,  'Igneous rocks - sediment - sedimentary rocks - metamorphic rocks - magma'​
• The image below clearly explains the rock cycle.

Thus, the rock cycle consists of igneous rocks, sediments, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and magma.

1. Weathering: it is a process of disintegration and breakdown of rocks due to the active functioning of weathering agent
2. Decomposition: It is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars, and mineral salts.
3. Compaction: In this process, the layers are squeezed together and any water mixed in with the sediments is forced out.

The correct answer is Patiala

**Key Points:**Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan

• Indian Hindustani classical vocalist, from the Patiala Gharana.
• Patiala Gharana was founded in the mid to late 19th century by his great-grandfather Mian Kallu.
• His pen name: Sabrang
• He was awarded by
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1962)
• Sangeet Natak Akademi fellow (1967)
• Padma Bhushan Award (1962)

Additional Information: Rampur Sahaswan:

• Ustad Rashid Khan is an Indian classical musician in the Hindustani music tradition.
• He belongs to the Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana.
• Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan was an Indian classical musician in the Hindustani classical music tradition, belonging to the Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana.
• Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan (1849–1919) was an Indian classical vocalist and the founder of Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana.

The Bhendi Bazaar Gharana was founded around 1890 by brothers Chhajju Khan, Nazir Khan, and Khadim Hussain Khan in the Bhendi bazaar area of Mumbai

Correct answer waste management

Key Points:

• The Secretary, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Manoj Joshi launched the 8th edition of Swachh Survekshan (SS) – SS 2023 under Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0, on 24 May 2022.
• Swachh Survekshan was introduced by MoHUA in 2016.
• PM Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0 on 1 October 2021, with a vision of garbage-free cities.
• The theme of SS 2023 is ‘Waste to Wealth".

Important Points:

• The survey would give priority to the principle of the 3Rs – Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse.
• Over the years, Swachh Survekshan has emerged as the largest Urban sanitation survey in the world.
• The seventh edition of Swachh Survekshan - ‘Azadi @ 75 Swachh Survekshan 2022’ was a landmark Survekshan as it coincided with the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.
• The SS 2022 survey covered 4,355 cities, 85,860 wards, 2.12 lakhs locations visited, 5.5 lakhs documents assessed, 1.14 Crores citizen feedback recorded, 4.77 lakhs citizen validation undertaken, 23.38 lakhs photos and videos collected as evidence and 17.24 lakhs data points collected.

Correct answer Leg bye

Key Points:

• The Silly Point in cricket is the position where the fielder stands in close vicinity of the batsman and is in danger of being hit.

Cricket:

• The first official cricket test match was played in the year 1877 between Australia and England in Melbourne.
• When some other countries started playing cricket, Imperial Cricket Conference was formed in 1909, which gave birth to International Cricket Conference in 1956.
• The First One Day International cricket match was played in the year 1971 between England and Australia in Melbourne.
• The first World Cup of one-day matches was played in 1975 in London.
• The apex institution of world cricket is the ‘International Cricket Council’ (ICC) and its headquarters are in Dubai.
• The ICC was founded in 1909.
• The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was formed in 1928.
• Terms used in Cricket are Maiden Over, Follow-on, Rubber, Ashes, Catch, Bowled, Stump Out, Run Out, L.B.W. Hit Wicket, Not out, No ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, Overthrow, Bye, Leg bye, Cover drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Spot, Pull, Sixer, Followthrough, Turn, Googley, Spin, Yorker, Bouncer, Hat trick, Round the wicket, Over the wicket, Seamer, Boundry line, Slip, Square leg, Runner. Cover, Gully, Long on, Silly point, Midwicket, Mid on, Forward short leg, Deep/mid-wicket, etc.

Trophies associated with cricket:

• Moinuddaula Gold Cup
• C.K. Naidu Trophy
• Deodhar Trophy
• Duleep Trophy
• Rani Jhansi Trophy
• Ranjit Trophy
• Bowled: This dismissal occurs when the bowler's delivery knocks down the batsman's wicket (the three stumps with two bails on top).
• Leg Before Wicket (LBW): This is when the umpire judges the ball would have hit the wicket if the batsman hadn't obstructed it with their body or pad.
• Stumped: This dismissal happens when the batsman is out of their crease (the ground behind the wicket) and the wicket-keeper removes the bails with the ball in their hand while the batsman's foot is not grounded.

The correct answer is two.

Key Points

• Ziyauddin Barani wrote the first version of his chronicle in the year 1356.
• He then rewrote the work two years later.
• The second version was found in the 1960s.
• Ziauddin Barani was a political thinker during the period of Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The two most well-known works of Barani are Tarikh-i-Firozshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari.
• The Tarikh-i-Firozshahi was an interpretation of the history of the Delhi Sultanate up to the present Firuz-Shah-Tughlaq.
• The Fatwa-i-Jahandari is a work containing the political ideals to be pursued by a Muslim ruler.

Additional Information

• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq wants to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad keeping in view the security from the Mongol attack.
• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the son of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
• His real name was Ulugh Khan or Fakhruddin Jauna.
• He ruled over the Delhi Sultanate from 1325 to 1351.
• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq introduced the copper currency system in India.
• Ibn Battuta was a famous Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveller who came to India during his regime.

Important Points

• Tughlaq Dynasty
• The Tughluq dynasty began during the period of medieval India and was of Turk-Indian Origin.
• The dynasty majorly governed the Sultanate of Delhi.
• The Tugluq dynasty began in 1320 and ended in 1413 and was ruled by many rulers like Ghazi Malik, Muhammad-bin-Tughluq, etc.
• India witnessed significant changes in domestic and foreign policies during the reign of the Tughluq dynasty.
• Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq or Ghazi Malik was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty.

The correct answer is Six months

Key Points:

• If a Panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within six months from the date of dissolution.
• The term Panchayati Raj in India signifies the system of rural local self-government.
• It had been established after the advice of the Balwant Rai Mehta committee, which is established by the Govt. of India in 1957.
• This committee has three-tier panchayat governance such as Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, and Zila Parishad.
• As a result of this scheme the first Panchayat system was introduced in Rajasthan in 1959.
• This system observed a lack of people participation.
• To overcome this failure a new committee named Ashok Mehta Committee gives a two-tier governance plan in 1977.
• The two-tier plan was Zila Parishad and Mandal Panchayat.
• This Panchayati Raj faced a major constitutional amendment in 1992 that brings back the three-tier system again.
• This amendment added a new part to the Constitution, namely, added Part IX titled The Panchayats.
• This amendment adds a Three-tier system of panchayats at the village, intermediate Mandal, and district levels except in States with a population is below 20 lakhs (Article 243B)
• The Panchayat is constituted under Article 243 to 243 (O)

**Additional Information:**Duration of Panchayati Raj

• The Act provides for a five-year term of office to all the levels of the panchayat.
• However, the panchayat can be dissolved before the completion of its term.
• But fresh elections to constitute the new panchayat should be completed before the expiry of its five-year duration.
• In case of dissolution, the election should be within a period of six months from the date of its dissolution.

The correct answer is Distinguished service in the field of art.

In News

• Five personalities from Madhya Pradesh were awarded the Padma Shri Dr. N P Mishra (posthumous), veteran Baiga artist Arjun Singh Dhurve, Rai dancer Ram Sahay Panday, Gond painter Durgabai Vyam and Bundeli poet Awadh Kishore Jadia.
• Dr. Narendra Prasad Misra (Posthumous) was a renowned physician.
• He was the dean of Gandhi Medical College at the time of the Bhopal Gas Disaster and his handling of the catastrophic situation is the stuff of legend.
• The medical fraternity referred to him as 'Bhishma Pitamah' owing to his brilliant diagnosis and treatment.
• Arjun Singh Dhurve and Durgabai Vyam are from Dindori.

**Key Points:**Padma Shri Awardee from Madhya Pradesh:

Additional Information: Padma Awards 2022:

• Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and distinguished service) - 4 {Ms. Prabha Atre (Art), Shri Radheyshyam Khemka (Literature and Education), General Bipin Rawat (Civil Service) and Shri Kalyan Singh (Public Affairs)},
• Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of higher order) - 17 and
• Padma Shri (distinguished service) - 107

The correct answer is Article 15.

Key Points

• Article 15 (1) prohibits discrimination by the state against any citizen on grounds 'only' of caste, religion, sex, race, and place of birth.
• Fundamental rights are provided to every citizen of the country without any discrimination.
• The word "discrimination" refers to making adverse distinctions with regard to or to distinguish unfavorable from others.
• The term 'only' means that discrimination can be done on the basis of other grounds.

**Additional Information:**There are six fundamental rights of the Indian Constitution along with the constitutional articles:

1. Rights to equality (Article 14-18)
2. Rights to freedom (Article 19-22)
3. Right against exploitation (Article 23-24)
4. Right to freedom of religion (Article 25-28)
5. Cultural and educational rights (Article 29-30)
6. Rights to constitutional remedies (Article 32).

Article 59:

• Article 59 of the Constitution of India deals with of the conditions of the president’s office.
• Article 52 to 78 in Part V of the Constitution deals with the Union Executive.
• The union executive consists of the president, the vice president, the prime minister, the council of ministers, and the Attorney General of India.

Article 25:

• Article 25 guarantees all citizens the freedom of conscience, as well as the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate religion.
• Article 25 (1) - Subject to public order, morality, and health, as well as the other provisions of this Part, all persons have an equal right to conscience and the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate religion.
• Article 25 (2) - Nothing in this article shall interfere with the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from enacting new legislation.
• This regulates and limits any financial, economic, political, or other secular activity associated with any religious practice.
• This provides for social welfare as well as the reform or opening up of Hindu religious institutions of a public nature to all sections and classes of Hindus.
• This provision defines Hindus as people who practice the Sikh, Jain, or Buddhist religions, and Hindu institutions are also defined accordingly.
• People of the Sikh faith who wear and carry the kirpan are considered to be practicing the Sikh religion.

Article 40:

• Article 40 of the Indian constitution deals with the organization of the village panchayat.
• It states that
• The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats.
• It also endows them with such powers and authority that will enable them to function as units of self-government.

The correct answer is 1840.

**Key Points:**Paramhans Mandali -

• It was a highly influential and important Hindu socio-religious organization.
• This organization was founded by 'Dadoba Pandrung'.
• Paramhans Mandali was established to work for the abolition of caste in **1840(1849).**​

Confusion Points

• We have to choose the decade in which it is formed which is 1840(1849)​
  

Additional Information:

• In the beginning, it functioned as a secret social-radical society.
• The basic philosophy of the Samaj was that only God should be worshipped, true religion is based on love and ethical conduct.
• This congregation urged all its members to give up caste restrictions.
• The congregation met at fixed times in the homes of various members and sympathizers.
• The members used to sing devotional hymns from the Marathi collection, Ratnamala, at the opening and conclusion of these meetings.
• Members also recited prayers written by Dadoba as part of the worship service.

Correct Answer -ols

Key PointsExplanation:

• The presence of the -OH group in an inorganic compound may lead to the formation of a BASE.
• Say, for example, sodium, which is an inorganic element. When the hydroxy group is combined with sodium, it forms sodium hydroxide which is basic in nature.
• The confirmation is obtained through the Arrhenius concept, which states that the compounds that contain hydroxyl (OH-)ions and emit OH- ions by ionization is called a base and on dissociation, NaOH releases a significant amount of OH- ions. As a result, it is called a base.
• Other examples are Calcium and zinc.
• Both are inorganic compounds and when a hydroxy group, that is, -OH is attached with them, they form a base.

Hence the correct answer is that the presence of the -OH group in an inorganic compound leads to the formation of a base.

Additional InformationConcept:

IUPAC nomenclature:

• A systematic method of naming organic compounds.
• Naming is based on their structures.
• It is devised by the International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry.
• Many rules are followed while naming the compounds and it is different for different functional groups.
• The rules are known as IUPAC rules.

Explanation:

• The priority of the functional groups is decided first.
• The sequence is given as follows:

Correct Answer 40 minutes

Key Points

• In a cricket Test match, the duration of the lunch interval is usually 40 minutes.
• The lunch break is taken after the first session of play, which typically lasts for two hours.
• During the lunch interval, the players leave the field and have a break to eat and rest before returning to continue the game.
• The duration of the lunch interval can be extended by the umpires in case of rain or other interruptions to play.

Additional InformationCricket:

• The first official cricket test match was played in the year 1877 between Australia and England in Melbourne.
• When some other countries started playing cricket, Imperial Cricket Conference was formed in 1909, which gave birth to International Cricket Conference in 1956.
• The First One Day International cricket match was played in the year 1971 between England and Australia in Melbourne.
• The first World Cup of one-day matches was played in 1975 in London.
• The apex institution of world cricket is the ‘International Cricket Council’ (ICC) and its headquarters are in Dubai.
• The ICC was founded in 1909.
• The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was formed in 1928.
• Terms used in Cricket are Maiden Over, Follow-on, Rubber, Ashes, Catch, Bowled, Stump Out, Run Out, L.B.W. Hit Wicket, Not out, No ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, Overthrow, Bye, Leg bye, Cover drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Spot, Pull, Sixer, Followthrough, Turn, Googley, Spin, Yorker, Bouncer, Hat trick, Round the wicket, Over the wicket, Seamer, Boundry line, Slip, Square leg, Runner. Cover, Gully, Long on, Silly point, Midwicket, Mid on, Forward short leg, Deep/mid-wicket, etc.

Trophies associated with cricket:

• Moinuddaula Gold Cup
• C.K. Naidu Trophy
• Deodhar Trophy
• Duleep Trophy
• Rani Jhansi Trophy
• Ranji Trophy

Correct Answer Blaise Pascal

Key Points

• In 1653 French scientist who observed the principle you described is Blaise Pascal.
• This principle is known as Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid pressure.
• States that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted uniformly in all directions throughout the fluid and to the walls of the container.
• This principle has many practical applications, such as in hydraulic systems and hydraulic lifts.
• Pascal's law is one of the foundations of modern fluid mechanics and has had a significant impact on the fields of engineering and physics.

Additional Information Daniel Bernoulli:

• One of Bernoulli's most important contributions to fluid dynamics was his principle of conservation of energy, which he formulated in 1738.
• This principle states that as a fluid flows through a pipe, its total energy, consisting of its potential energy (due to its position in a gravitational field) and its kinetic energy (due to its motion), remains constant.

Evangelista Torricelli:

• Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician who is best known for his invention of the barometer and his work on the vacuum

The correct answer is Sargassum.

Key Points:

The sea sargasso located within the Atlantic ocean is the only sea that does not have a land boundary is named after the sargassum algae which is a type of brown algae.

Blue-green algae are also called as cyanobacteria or cyanophytes.

• They obtain energy through photosynthesis.
• They originate in the freshwater or terrestrial environment.
• They produce toxins known as cyanotoxins which are dangerous to humans and animals.
• They are used as colours in food items, biotechnology for the production of bioethanol, human and animal food sources, dietary supplements, and raw materials.

Image of blue-green algae:

Red algae are also called Rhodophyta.

• It is one of the oldest and largest groups of eukaryotic algae.
• Agar-agar is obtained from red algae.
• They are mostly found in marine habitats and are rarely found in freshwater.
• Examples of Red algae are seaweeds, multicellular marine algae, etc.

Image of red algae:

Brown algae help in carbon fixation.

• The scientific name of brown algae is Phaeophyceae.
• They belong to the group Heterokontophyta.
• The closest relative of brown algae is yellow-green algae.
• Brown algae are used in lithium-ion batteries, battery anode, industrial thickening agent in food, and for other uses.

Image of brown algae:

Green algae have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll which gives them a bright green colour.

• The cell walls contain cellulose and they store carbohydrates in the form of starch.
• Green algae are also known as spirogyra.
• Its cell wall has lignin.

Image of green algae:

Additional Information:

• Ulothrix is a genus of green algae in the family Ulotrichaceae. Ulothrix is a genus of non-branching filamentous green algae, generally found in fresh and marine water.
• The cells are normally as broad as they are long, and they thrive in the low temperatures of spring and winter.
• Ulothrix has one chloroplast present which is girdle shaped.
• Pyrenoids are the protein-rich bodies that remain attached to the chloroplasts and are 1 - 4 in number
• Reproduction in Ulothrix takes place by means of vegetative, asexual, and sexual methods

Spirogyra is a kind of Algae.

• It is a large genus (about 400 species) of freshwater green algae found in shallow ponds, ditches, and amongst the vegetation of large lakes.
• It does not form any gametes and reproduction takes place entirely within the alga.
• It often grows in short-lived ponds that build up during wet weather and dry up subsequently.

The correct answer is 50%

Key Points:

• Previous Himachal Pradesh CM Jai Ram Thakur on 30 June 2022 launched the 'Naari Ko Naman' scheme in Dharamshala.
• Under this scheme, the Himachal Road Transport Corporation (HRTC) will charge women travelers only half**(50%)** the fare for their travel within the state.
• Seema Thakur, the first woman bus driver in the state, drove the CM in a state transport bus to the event venue.

Additional Information:

• ​Himachal Pradesh is a northern Indian state in the Himalayas.
• It's home to scenic mountain towns and resorts such as Dalhousie.
• The region is also well known for its trekking, climbing and skiing areas.
• Himachal Pradesh:
• Chief Minister (Current) : Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
• Capitals: Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter)
• Governor: Shiv Pratap Shukla
• State bird: Western tragopan
• National Park: Great Himalayan National Park, Pin Valley National Park
• State Animal: Snow Leopard
• State Tree: Deodar Cadar

Correct answer 1978 to 1980

Key Points:

• Rolling Plan in India was started in 1978.
• The rolling plan concept was coined by Gunnar Myrdal.
• This plan was rejected again by the Indian National Congress government when it came to power in 1980 and a new sixth plan was made.
• The main advantage of the rolling plans is that they are flexible.
• The Rolling Plan is a plan in which every year the performance of the plan is assessed and a new plan is made next year based on this assessment.
• Thus, both the allocation and targets are revised during this plan.
• In India, the Janta Government terminated the fifth five-year plan in 1977-78 and launched its own sixth five-year plan for the period 1978-83 and called it a Rolling Plan.

Additional Information:

​A brief summary of the 5-year plans are: 

The correct answer is Vasudeva.

Key Points:

• The Kanva dynasty had a Brahmanic origin.
• The dynasty was named after the gotra of the ruler Kanva.
• Vasudeva Kanva founded the Kanva dynasty.
• It is believed that Vasudeva Kanva killed the Shunga ruler Devabhuti and established his own empire in 72 BCE.
• He ruled for a short period and was succeeded by Bhumimitra.
• The empire was extended into parts of eastern India and central India.
• The Kanva dynasty had claimed Vidisa as their capital.

 The major rulers during that phase were:

• Vasudeva Kanva
• Bhumimitra
• Narayana
• Susarman
• Bhumimitra ruled for a period of 14 years and his son Narayana ruled for 12 years.
• The Satvahana dynasty defeated the Kanva dynasty and established their empire.
• The last Kanva king Susarman was killed by the Satavahana (Andhra) king.

Additional Information: Bimbisara

• Bimbisara, (born c. 543—died 491 BCE), was one of the early kings of the Indian kingdom of Magadha.
• His expansion of the kingdom, especially his annexation of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Mauryan empire.
• He is also known for his cultural achievements and was a great friend and protector of the Buddha.
• Bimbisara built the city of Rajagriha, famous in Buddhist writings.
• He was succeeded on the throne by his son Ajatashatru, who murdered his father to obtain power.

Kalashoka

• Kalashoka or Kakavarna was the son and successor of Shishunaga.
• He divided his kingdom between his ten sons and crowned his ninth son, Nandivardhana as the king of Magadha.
• Shishunaga had transferred the capital of Magadha to Vaishali.
• Kalashoka succeeded his father Shishunaga.
• Kalashoka again transferred the capital to Pataliputra.
• According to Buddhist literature, the Second Buddhist Council was held 100 years after the Maha Parinirvana of Lord Buddha, in Vaishali, was patronized by King Kalashoka.

Ajatashatru 

• Ajatasattu in the Buddhist tradition, or Kunika (Kū���ika) and Kuniya (Kūṇiya) in the Jain histories, (c. 492 to 460 BCE or early 5th century BCE) was one of the most important kings of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha in East India.
• He was the son of King Bimbisara and was a contemporary of both Mahavira and Gautama Buddha.
• He forcefully took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father and imprisoned him.
• He fought a war against the Vajjika League, led by the Licchavis, and conquered the republic of Vaishali.

The correct answer is Manik Saha.

Key Points

• Manik Saha took oath as Tripura's new Chief Minister on 15th May 2022.
• Saha has replaced Biplab Kumar Deb, who resigned as chief minister on 14th May.
• Dr. Saha, a professor of Dental Surgery, joined the BJP in 2016.
• Rajya Sabha MP and BJP State President Manik Saha is all set to take charge as the new Chief Minister of Tripura.
• Manik Saha, BJP's state unit president, and the lone Rajya Sabha MP from Tripura were elected as the leader of the legislature party at a meeting held at the official residence of the chief minister.

Additional Information:

• ​Tripura is a hilly state in northeast India, bordered on 3 sides by Bangladesh, and home to a diverse mix of tribal cultures and religious groups.

​Tripura:

• Union territory: 1 November 1956
• Upgraded as a state: 21 January 1972
• Tripura Governor: Satyadev Narayan Arya
• Tripura capital: Agartala
• Legislature: Unicameral (60 seats)
• According to Article 164 of the Indian Constitution, the Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor.
• Art. 164 of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister to aid and advise the Governor.

Given:

The numbers are 98, 175, and 210.

Concept:

HCF: Product of the smallest power of each common prime factor in the numbers.

Calculation:

98 = 2 × 7²

175 = 52 × 7

210 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7

So, HCF = 7

∴ The required answer is 7.

Given:

Two circles of radii 18 cm and 8 cm touch externally

Concept used:

If two circles of radius R1 and R2 are touched externally then their direct common tangent = 2√(R1 and R2)

Calculation:

R1 = 18 cm

R2 = 8 cm

So, Direct common tangent = 2√(18 × 8)

⇒ 2√144

⇒ 2 × 12

⇒ 24 cm

∴ The length of the direct common tangent is 24 cm.

Calculation:

Number of tractor T5 sold by both companies = 110 + 150

⇒ 260

Number of tractor T2 sold by both companies = 40 + 50

⇒ 90

Difference = 260 - 90

⇒ 170

Required % = (170/90) × 100

⇒ 188.88%

∴ The required answer is 188.88%.

Shortcut Trick

Assume Cost Price (CP) = 100%, then Marked Price (MP) = 100% + 40% = 140%.

Profit % on CP = (75 ÷ 1500) × 100 = 5% ⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 105%.

Discount is given on MP, so Discount = MP − SP = 140% − 105% = 35%.

Discount % = (Discount ÷ MP) × 100 = (35 ÷ 140) × 100 = 25%.

∴ The correct answer is 25%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹1500

Markup = 40%

Profit = ₹75

Formula Used:

Marked Price (MP) = CP × (1 + Markup% ÷ 100)

Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit

Discount % = ((MP − SP) ÷ MP) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ MP = 1500 × (1 + 40 ÷ 100) = 1500 × 1.4 = ₹2100

⇒ SP = 1500 + 75 = ₹1575

⇒ Discount = MP − SP = 2100 − 1575 = ₹525

⇒ Discount % = (525 ÷ 2100) × 100 = 25%

∴ The correct answer is 25%.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP) & Discount

MP is the price printed or tagged on an article. Discounts are always calculated on the MP unless stated otherwise. The formula is: SP = MP − Discount.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of d₁% and d₂% are given on an article, the equivalent single discount given is (d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂) ÷ 100)%.

Direct CP to MP Ratio

The direct ratio between Cost Price and Marked Price can be quickly written as CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%).

Two triangles are said to be congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two angles and the included side of the other triangle.

In the above figure, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R, and the side between ∠B and ∠C is equal to the side between ∠Q and ∠R, i.e., BC = QR.

Therefore, ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR.

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

Given:

The seven-digit number 52A6B7C is divisible by 33

Concept used:

If the difference of the sum of alternative digits of a number is divisible by 11, then that number is divisible by 11 completely.

If the sum of digits of a number is a multiple of 3, the number will be completely divisible by 3.

Calculation:

5 + 2 + A + 6 + B + 7 + C = 20 + A + B + C

Possible values of (A + B + C) = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25

Again,

5 + A + B + C - 2 - 6 - 7 = 0 or Multiple of 11

⇒ 5 + A + B + C - 15 = 0 or Multiple of 11

From the above possible values, for (A + B + C) = 10 we get 0

So, A + B + C = 10

Now,

If A = 5, B = 3, C = 2

2A + 3B + C = 10 + 9 + 2

⇒ 21

If A = 3, B = 5, C = 2

2A + 3B + C = 6 + 15 + 2

⇒ 23

If A = 3, B = 2, C = 5

2A + 3B + C = 6 + 6 + 2

⇒ 17

If A = 2, B = 5, C = 3

2A + 3B + C = 4 + 15 + 3

⇒ 22

So, The maximum value of 2A + 3B + C is 23.

∴ The required answer is 23.

Given:

The diameters of the two circles are 12 cm and 20 cm

The distance between their centres is 16 cm

Calculation:

According to the diagram,

The two circles are touching each other externally

So, the number of common tangents will be 3

∴ The required answer is 3.

Given:

tan3θ⋅tan7θ = 1

Concept used:

Calculation:

tan3θ⋅tan7θ = 1

⇒  tan3θ = 1/tan7θ

⇒  tan3θ = cot7θ

⇒  tan3θ = tan(90° - 7θ)

⇒ 3θ = 90° - 7θ

⇒ 10θ = 90°

⇒ θ = 9°

So, cot15θ = cot135° = - tan45°

⇒ - 1

∴ The required answer is - 1.

Calculation:

Number of scissors sold by R = 45

Number of scissors sold by S = 25

Ratio = 45 : 25

⇒ 9 : 5

∴ The required answer is 9 : 5.

Given:

A watch is sold at a profit of 25%. Had it been sold for Rs. 120 less then, there would have been a loss of 15%.

Calculation:

Let the cost price be 100a

According to the question,

100a × 125% - 120 = 100a × 85%

⇒ 125a - 120 = 85a

⇒ 40a = 120

⇒ a = 3

So, cost price = 100 × 3 = Rs. 300

⇒ Rs. 300

∴ The cost price in rupees is 300.

Given:

Some students went on a field trip. At a speed of 6 km/h, they travelled by bikes for 2 hours; then at a speed of 2 km/h, they walked for another hour; then they took rest for an hour and had lunch for half an hour; then at a speed of 1 m/s, they walked for an hour to visit a garden; and finally at a speed 4 km/h, they returned home in 3 hours.

Concept used:

Average speed = Total distance/Total time

Calculation:

Total distance covered by them = 6 × 2 + 2 × 1 + 1 × (18/5) + 4 × 3

⇒ 12 + 2 + 3.6 + 12

⇒ 29.6

Total time = 2 + 1 + 1.5 + 1 + 3

⇒ 8.5

Average speed = 29.6/8.5

⇒ 3.48235 ≈ 3.48

∴ The average speed is 3.48 km/h.

Given:

The side of the equilateral triangle is 16 cm.

Concept used:

Area of equilateral triangle = √3/4 × a²

Here,

a = side of the triangle

Calculation:

√3/4 × 16² 

⇒ √3/4 × 256

⇒ 64√3 cm²

∴ The area of the equilateral triangle is 64√3 cm².

Shortcut Trick

The given terms are in proportion, meaning the ratio of the first two terms equals the ratio of the last two terms.

Ratio of 1^st to 2^nd term = 51 / 68 = 3 / 4

Therefore, the ratio of the 3^rd term to the 4^th term must also be 3 / 4.

3^rd term = 108 × 3 / 4 = 81

∴ The correct answer is 81.

Alternate Method

Given:

1^st term = 51

2^nd term = 68

4^th term = 108

Formula Used:

If a, b, c, d are in proportion, then a : b :: c : d ⇒ a × d = b × c (Product of extremes = Product of means)

Proportion: a : b :: c : d

51

:

68

::

x

:

108

Product of Means (68 × x)

Product of Extremes (51 × 108)

68 × x = 51 × 108

Calculations:

Let the 3^rd term be x.

⇒ 51 : 68 :: x : 108

⇒ 51 ÷ 68 = x ÷ 108

⇒ 68 × x = 51 × 108

⇒ x = (51 × 108) ÷ 68

⇒ x = (3 × 108) ÷ 4

⇒ x = 3 × 27

⇒ x = 81

∴ The correct answer is 81.

Additional Information

Proportion

When two ratios are strictly equal, they form a proportion. It is represented as a : b :: c : d, where the Product of Means (b × c) equals the Product of Extremes (a × d).

Fourth Proportional

If a : b :: c : d, then 'd' is known as the fourth proportional to a, b, and c. It is easily found using the formula d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Mean Proportional

If three specific quantities are in continued proportion (a : b :: b : c), then 'b' is the mean proportional between 'a' and 'c'. Its value is calculated as b = √(a × c).

Given:

secθ + tanθ = $\sqrt5$

Concept used:

sec2θ - tan2θ = 1

Calculation:

sec²θ - tan²θ = 1

⇒ (secθ + tanθ)(secθ - tanθ) = 1

⇒ $\sqrt5$.(secθ - tanθ) = 1

⇒ secθ - tanθ = $\frac{1}{\sqrt5}$

⇒ secθ - tanθ = $\frac{\sqrt5}{\sqrt5\times\sqrt5}$

⇒ secθ - tanθ = $\frac{\sqrt5}{5}$

∴ The required answer is $\frac{\sqrt5}{5}$.

Calculation:

Growth in F = 132 - 110

⇒ 22

% of growth = (22/110) × 100

⇒ 20%

Growth in E = 50 - 30

⇒ 20

% of growth = (20/30) × 100

⇒ 66.67%

Growth in D = 90 - 60

⇒ 30

% of growth = (30/60) × 100

⇒ 50%

Growth in B = 200 - 160

⇒ 40

% of growth = (40/160) × 100

⇒ 25%

∴ The required answer is E.

Given:

A person deposited ₹15,600 in a fixed deposit at 10% per annum simple interest.

Concept used:

S.I = (P × T × R)/100

Here,

P = Principal

T = Time

R = Rate 

Calculation:

Interest after 2 years = (15600 × 10 × 2)/100

⇒ 3120

New principal after 2 years = 15600 + 3120

⇒ 18720

Now,

Interest after next 2 years = (18720 × 10 × 2)/100

⇒ 3744

Now,

Total interest after 4 years = 3120 + 3744

⇒ 6864

∴ The required answer is 6864.

Given:

p = 8.15, q = 9.06 and r = -17.21

Concept used:

If a + b + c = 0

Then,

a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = 0

Calculation:

p + q + r = 8.15 + 9.06 - 17.21

⇒ 17.21 - 17.21

⇒ 0

So, p3 + q3 + r3 - 3pqr = 0

∴ The required answer is 0.

Given:

Out of an earning of Rs. 720, Pankaj spends 65%.

Calculation:

Savings of Pankaj = 720 × (100 - 65)%

⇒ 720 × 35%

⇒ 252

∴ He saves Rs. 252.

Given:

Ram starts from point A at 8 a.m. and reaches point B at 2 p.m. on the same day.

Raju starts from point B at 8 a.m. and reaches point A at 6 p.m.

Concept used:

Speed = Distance/Time

When two bodies move in the opposite direction then the Relative Speed = Sum of Speeds

Calculation:

Let the distance be D

So, speed of Ram = D/6 and speed of Raju = D/10

Now,

Relative speed = D/6 + D/10

⇒ (5D + 3D)/30

⇒ (8D)/30

Required time = $\rm \frac{D}{\frac{8D}{30}}$

⇒ $\rm \frac{30D}{8D}$

⇒ $\rm \frac{30}{8}$ hours or 225 minutes   [As 1 hour = 60 min]

So, they will meet at 8 + 225 min

⇒ 8 + 3 hours and 45 min

⇒ 11:45 a.m.

∴ The required answer is 11:45 a.m.

Given:

A is 40% more efficient than B

B can complete the task in 36 days.

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency of the worker × time taken by the worker

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of B be 10a

So, efficiency of A = 10a × 140%

⇒ 14a

So, total work = 10a × 36

⇒ 360a

Now,

If they both work then time = 360a/(14a + 10a)

⇒ 360a/24a

⇒ 360/24

⇒ 15

∴ The required answer is 15 days.

Shortcut Trick

A is 40% more efficient than B, then the efficiency of A : B = 140 : 100 = 7 : 5

B alone can finish in 36 days, then total work = (5 × 36) = 180 unit

If A & B both working together, time taken = 180/(7 + 5) = 180/12 = 15 days

Given:

$\frac{1.6\times1.6\times1.6-0.6\times0.6\times0.6}{1.6\times1.6+1.6\times0.6+0.6\times0.6}$

Concept used:

a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + b2 + ab)

Calculation:

$\frac{1.6\times1.6\times1.6-0.6\times0.6\times0.6}{1.6\times1.6+1.6\times0.6+0.6\times0.6}$

⇒ $\frac{1.6^3-0.6^3}{1.6^2+1.6\times0.6+0.6^2}$

⇒ $\frac{(1.6-0.6)(1.6^2+1.6\times0.6+0.6^2)}{1.6^2+1.6\times0.6+0.6^2}$

⇒ 1.6 - 0.6

⇒ 1

∴ The required answer is 1.

Shortcut Trick

Area of floor (a²) = 64 m²

⇒ Side (a) = √64 = 8 m

Longest rod in a cube = Body Diagonal = a√3

⇒ Longest rod = 8√3 m

∴ The correct answer is 8√3 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Area of the cubical floor = 64 m²

Formula Used:

1. Area of square floor = a²
2. Length of longest rod (Diagonal of cube) = √(l² + b² + h²) = a√3

Calculations:

⇒ Area of floor = a² = 64

⇒ a = √64

⇒ a = 8 m

⇒ Length of the longest rod = a√3

⇒ Length = 8 × √3

⇒ Length = 8√3 m

∴ The correct answer is 8√3 m.

Additional Information

Volume of Cube

The total space occupied by the cube is given by V = a³, where a is the side length.

Total Surface Area (TSA)

The sum of the areas of all six faces of the cube is TSA = 6a².

Lateral Surface Area (LSA)

The area of the four vertical walls of the room is LSA = 4a².

Face Diagonal

The diagonal of any single square face of the cube is given by d = a√2.

Given:

2 sinθ + 2 sin2θ = 2

Concept used:

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

Calculation:

2 sinθ + 2 sin2θ = 2

⇒ sinθ + sin2θ = 1

⇒ sin θ + 1 - cos2 θ = 1

⇒ sin θ = cos2 θ

⇒ cos4 θ = sin2 θ

So,

2 cos4θ + 2 cos2θ = 2 sin2 θ + 2 sin θ

⇒ 2

∴ The required answer is 2.

Given:

x4 + $\frac{16}{x^4}$ = 15617

Concept used:

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

Calculation:

x4 + $\frac{16}{x^4}$ = 15617

⇒ (x²)2 + $(\frac{4}{x^2})^2$ = 15617

⇒ (x2)2 + $(\frac{4}{x^2})^2$ + 2 × x2 × $(\frac{4}{x^2})$ = 15617 + 2 × x2 × $(\frac{4}{x^2})$

⇒ (x2)2 + $(\frac{4}{x^2})^2$ + 8 = 15617 + 8

⇒ (x2 + $\frac{4}{x^2}$)² = 15625

⇒ x2 + $\frac{4}{x^2}$ = 125

⇒ (x)2 + $(\frac{2}{x})^2$ + 2 × x × $(\frac{2}{x})$ = 125 + 2 × x × $(\frac{2}{x})$

⇒ (x)2 + $(\frac{2}{x})^2$ + 4 = 125 + 4

⇒ (x + $\frac{2}{x}$)² = 129

⇒ x + $\frac{2}{x}$ = $\sqrt{129}$

∴ The required answer is $\sqrt{129}$.

Calculation:

Marks obtained in Q = 700 × 13%

⇒ 91

Marks obtained in S = 700 × 11%

⇒ 77

Marks obtained in U = 700 × 20%

⇒ 140

Total marks obtained in Q, S and U = 91 + 77 + 140

⇒ 308

∴ The required answer is 308.

The correct answer is 'Harmony'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Feud' is 'Harmony'.
• Feud: झगड़ा - a prolonged and bitter quarrel or dispute between two parties.
• Example: The two families have been in a feud for generations over a piece of land.
• Harmony: समंजस - a pleasing combination or arrangement of different elements, leading to a peaceful and friendly relationship. 
• Example: The choir's performance was marked by a beautiful harmony of voices.
  

Correct Answer: Harmony.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Distrust: अविश्वास - a feeling of doubt or suspicion towards someone or something.
• Unfriendliness: असभ्यता - a lack of friendliness or warmth, often resulting in hostility or unpleasantness.
• Destruct: विनाश - the act or process of destroying something completely.

The correct answer is 'I don’t like people seeing me in tears.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Passive Voice. As per the given question, we have to change it to Active Voice.
• Here, Option 2 is the correct answer.
• In the given sentence, the subject 'I' is not performing the action of the verb directly. Instead, the action of the verb is being done to the subject. This is known as the passive voice.
• In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb directly. The sentence "people seeing me in tears" can be rephrased as "people see me in tears" to put it in the active voice.
• Let's see why other options are incorrect:
• Option 1 is not grammatically correct as it uses the past perfect tense ("had been seeing") which is not appropriate for the sentence.
• Option 3 is also grammatically correct and expresses the same meaning as option 2, but it is more verbose and less concise.
• Option 4 changes the meaning of the sentence slightly by making it more focused on the subject's own preference rather than the action of others.
  

Correct Answer: I don’t like people seeing me in tears.

The correct answer is 'To apologise humbly'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'Eat humble pie' is 'To apologise humbly'.
• The idiom "eat humble pie" means to admit one's fault, mistake, or inferiority in a humble and contrite manner.
• Example: After boasting about his abilities, he had to eat a humble pie when he failed to complete the task.
  

Correct Answer: To apologise humbly.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• The phrase "eat humble pie" is believed to have originated from the Medieval English dish "umble pie", which was a pie made from the offal (internal organs) of an animal, such as deer or boar.
• The word "umble" comes from the Latin word "umbilicus" meaning "entrails". This pie was considered a lowly and inferior food, and it was often served to lower-class people, such as servants, instead of the higher-quality meat pies that were reserved for the wealthy.
• Over time, the phrase "eat humble pie" evolved to mean admitting to one's lowly or inferior position or behavior in a humble and contrite way, much like the act of eating a humble pie.

The correct answer is 'consequenses'.

Key Points

• Among the given Options the incorrectly spelt word is 'Consequenses'.
• Its correct spelling is 'Consequences'.
• Consequences: परिणाम - the effect or outcome of an action or decision.
• Example: The consequences of his reckless driving were severe and resulted in multiple injuries.
  

Correct Answer: consequenses.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Deforestation: वनों की कटाई - the clearing or removal of forests or trees from a large area.
• Substantial: ठोस - of considerable importance, size, or worth.
• Regrettable: खेदजनक - causing or deserving regret or sorrow.