RRC Group D Previous Year Paper 22 (Held On: 18 Sept 2018 Shift 2)

Shortcut Trick

Calculate the effective interest percentage for both scenarios.

Interest 1 = 12% × 2.5 years = 30%

Interest 2 = 10% × 3.5 years = 35%

Difference in interest percentage = 35% − 30% = 5%

Since 5% corresponds to ₹50, then 100% (Sum) = (50 ÷ 5) × 100 = ₹1000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1000.

Alternate Method

Given: Rate₁ = 12%, Time₁ = 5/2 = 2.5 years; Rate₂ = 10%, Time₂ = 7/2 = 3.5 years; Difference = ₹50.

Formula Used: Simple Interest (SI) = (Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 100

⇒ Let the Sum (Principal) be P.

⇒ SI₁ = (P × 12 × 2.5) ÷ 100 = 30P ÷ 100 = 0.30P

⇒ SI₂ = (P × 10 × 3.5) ÷ 100 = 35P ÷ 100 = 0.35P

⇒ According to the question: SI₂ − SI₁ = 50

⇒ 0.35P − 0.30P = 50

⇒ 0.05P = 50

⇒ P = 50 ÷ 0.05

⇒ P = 5000 ÷ 5 = 1000

∴ The correct answer is ₹1000.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Concept

Simple Interest is calculated only on the Principal amount. The interest remains constant for every year if the rate and principal are unchanged.

Relationship with Rate and Time

Interest is directly proportional to both Rate and Time. If the Rate increases by R% or Time increases by T years, the interest increases linearly.

Amount Formula

Total Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI). In terms of percentage, Amount % = 100% + (R × T)%.

• The Indian Ocean is one of the world's main oceanic divisions with around 20 percent of the water on the earth.
• This ocean has most active spreading ridges of the mid-ocean ridge network worldwide.
• The Ninety East Ridge is a common Indian Ocean hotspot.
• The Ninety East Ridge is a single-dimensional structure situated on Indian Ocean floor.
• This ridge extends from the Bay of Bengal to the Southeast Indian Ridge, 5000 km long and 200 m high.
• This landform is named the 'Ninety East Ridge' because it is located near the spot where the Eastern Hemisphere main parallel crosses along the 90th meridian.
• This is one of the Indian Ocean's significant relief features, as it separates the Indian Ocean into the West and East Indian Oceans.
• This was created about 43.2 million years ago by the northward movement of the Indo-Australian Plate.
• Indian ocean is the 3rd largest ocean in the world.
• Java trench, also known as Sunda trench is located in the northeastern Indian ocean.
• Pacific Ocean’s shape is roughly triangular with its apex in the north at the Bering Strait.

• Among the given elements, Mg is most electropositive. Metals are electropositive. Mg is followed by Aluminium.
• Caesium (Cs) is the most electropositive of the stable elements having atomic no 55.
• Atoms which tend to donate electrons are called Electropositive atoms, and the atom converts into a positive ion (M+) upon donating electrons.
• The general valency of electropositive elements is 1, 2, 3.
• The atoms which have 1, 2, 3 electrons in their valence shell will lose their electrons to attain a stable electronic configuration.
• Some examples of electropositive elements are Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, these 3 elements will lose electrons to attain the configuration of Noble gas Neon.
• The electronegativity of Aluminium is 1.61 in the Pauling scale and electronegativity of Magnesium is 1.31, also in the Pauling scale. Hence If electronegativity is large, then electro positivity is less . Hence Magnesium has higher electropositivity.

• An object is released from a certain height above the ground. Just at the time it touches the ground, it will possess kinetic energy.
• When the body falls from height potential energy decreases but kinetic energy increases but overall energy remains constant.
• Energy:
• An object having the capability to do work is said to possess energy. The object which does the work loses energy and the object on which the work is done gains energy.
• Its unit is Joule.

○      Energy = Kinetic energy+Potential energy

○      According to the law of conservation of energy, energy always remains constant.

• Kinetic energy:
• The energy of an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy.
• The kinetic energy of a moving body is given by the formula:
• $K.E. = \frac{1}{2}M{V^2}$. Hence, kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of velocity.
• Potential energy:
• The energy of an object due to its position is the potential energy.
• P.E =  mgh
• So when height is increasing, P.E will increase (on moving a body against gravitational force) and when height is decreasing, P.E will decrease (on free fall of an object).

Shortcut Trick

For a right-angled triangle, the circumradius (R) is always half of the hypotenuse.

Given sides: 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm. Hypotenuse = 10 cm.

R = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 cm.

Area = πR² = π × 5² = 25π cm².

∴ The correct answer is 25π cm².

Alternate Method

Given: Sides of triangle = 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm.

Formula Used: Circumradius (R) of a right triangle = Hypotenuse ÷ 2; Area of circle = πr²

⇒ First, verify the triangle is right-angled: 6² + 8² = 36 + 64 = 100 = 10².

⇒ In a right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the diameter of the circumcircle.

⇒ Diameter = 10 cm

⇒ Radius (R) = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 cm

⇒ Area of circumcircle = π × (5)²

⇒ Area = 25π cm²

∴ The correct answer is 25π cm².

Additional Information

Circumradius of Right Triangle

The circumcenter of a right triangle lies at the midpoint of the hypotenuse, hence R = Hypotenuse ÷ 2.

Inradius of Right Triangle

The inradius (r) of a right triangle is calculated as r = (Base + Perpendicular − Hypotenuse) ÷ 2.

Area of Triangle

For a right triangle, Area = 1/2 × Base × Height. Also, Area = r × s, where s is the semi-perimeter.

• A milkman adds a small amount of baking soda to fresh milk to prevent acidification of milk.
• By adding a small amount of baking soda, the milkman shifts the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline so that he can keep it for a longer time as the milk in alkaline condition, does not set curd easily.
• This milk becomes slightly basic because of the addition of baking soda, since acids formed in this milk are neutralized due to bacterial behavior.
• Therefore, it takes longer time for this milk to set as curd.
• Sodium Bicarbonate is the chemical name of Baking Soda.
• The other name for Sodium Bicarbonate is Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate.
• It is popularly called cooking soda.
• The chemical formula of Baking Soda is $NaHC{O_3}$.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Cost Price (CP) of the jute bag be 100%.

Selling Price (SP₁) at a 20% loss = 100% − 20% = 80%.

Target Selling Price (SP₂) for a 20% profit = 100% + 20% = 120%.

Given that the value of 80% = Rs. 48.

Therefore, the value of 120% = (48 ÷ 80) × 120 = Rs. 72.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 72.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price (SP₁) at a loss = Rs. 48

Loss Percentage = 20%

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = [SP × 100] ÷ (100 − Loss %)

Selling Price (SP) = [CP × (100 + Profit %)] ÷ 100

Calculations:

First, find the Cost Price (CP):

⇒ CP = (48 × 100) ÷ (100 − 20)

⇒ CP = (48 × 100) ÷ 80

⇒ CP = Rs. 60

Now, calculate the new Selling Price (SP₂) for a 20% profit:

⇒ SP₂ = [60 × (100 + 20)] ÷ 100

⇒ SP₂ = (60 × 120) ÷ 100

⇒ SP₂ = Rs. 72

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 72.

Additional Information

Cost Price & Selling Price

Cost Price (CP) is the base value at which goods are bought. Selling Price (SP) is the final amount received after a sale. Profit occurs when SP is greater than CP, and Loss happens when SP is less than CP.

Marked Price & Discount

Marked Price (MP) is the list price attached to the article. A discount is always provided on the Marked Price. Formula: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Successive Percentage Change

When two successive changes of x% and y% are applied on a base value, the net percentage change is given directly by the effective formula: Net Change = x + y + (x × y) ÷ 100.

• The molecular mass of atmospheric oxygen is 32 units.
• Atmospheric oxygen is present in the form of molecule with chemical formula

.

• As there are two atoms of oxygen we double the mass of a single oxygen atom 16 x 2 = 32 units.
• Molecular Mass:
• Molecular mass is the sum of atomic masses of the elements present in a molecule.
• It is obtained by multiplying the atomic mass of each element by the number of its atoms and adding them together.

• On 13th April 2017, Sadhguru was conferred the “Padma Vibhushan” by the Government of India, the highest amongst the annual civilian awards, accorded for exceptional and distinguished service in Spirituality.
• Jaggi Vasudev founded Isha Foundation in Coimbatore in 1994.
• The Foundation’s focus ever since has been ‘yoga for all’, delivering yoga programmes to not just India but the United States, United Kingdom, Malaysia, China, Lebanon and other countries.
• The United Nations has recognised the Foundation by granting it special consultative status with the intergovernmental organisation’s Economic and Social Council.
• Seven people were conferred with Padma Vibhushan in 2017.
  

Shortcut Trick

Let initial Expenditure be 100.

New Price factor = 125 (due to 25% increase).

New Expenditure factor = 115 (due to 15% increase).

Percentage decrease in Quantity = [(125 − 115) ÷ 125] × 100 = (10 ÷ 125) × 100 = 8%.

∴ The correct answer is 8%.

Alternate Method

Given: Increase in Price = 25%, Increase in Expenditure = 15%.

Formula Used: Expenditure = Price × Quantity

⇒ Let Initial Price = 100 and Initial Quantity = 100.

⇒ Initial Expenditure = 100 × 100 = 10,000.

⇒ New Price = 100 + 25% of 100 = 125.

⇒ New Expenditure = 10,000 + 15% of 10,000 = 11,500.

⇒ New Quantity = 11,500 ÷ 125 = 92.

⇒ Decrease in Quantity = 100 − 92 = 8.

⇒ Percentage Decrease = (8 ÷ 100) × 100 = 8%.

∴ The correct answer is 8%.

Additional Information

Price and Consumption Relationship

If Expenditure remains constant, Price is inversely proportional to Consumption. If Price increases by r%, Consumption must decrease by [r/(100+r)] × 100%.

Successive Percentage Change

Net Change = a + b + (a × b)/100, where 'a' and 'b' are percentage changes in factors. Here, Price change % + Quantity change % + (P% × Q%)/100 = Expenditure change %.

Base Change Concept

When calculating percentage decrease, the denominator is always the New Increased Value (the higher base) to find how much to reduce to reach the target.

All options except ‘hamster’ belongs to the class insecta, while ‘hamster’ belongs to the class mammalia.

Hence, ‘hamster’ is the odd one out.

• Vijay Shekhar Sharma is an Indian business billionaire.
• He is the founder of mobile payment service Paytm.
• In 2017, Sharma was listed by Forbes as the youngest billionaire in India with a net worth of $2.1 billion.
• In 2017, he was on the list of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People.
• Paytm is India's largest leading payment gateway that offers comprehensive payment services for customers and merchants.
• Paytm had launched its payments bank in India in May 2017.

{8 + (2⁴ + 3)} ÷ 9

⇒ {8 + (16 + 3)} ÷ 9

⇒ (8 + 19) ÷ 9

⇒ 27 ÷ 9

⇒ 3

The right-angled triangles in the figure are shown below:

Hence, the figures has a total of 16 right-angled triangles.

(Implicit - suggested though not directly expressed)

Global warming, species extinction and deforestation are some of the factors behind environment degradation. The statement says that these are posing a threat to the environment.

Since humans are a part of the environment, it is safe to assume that these factors put human life at risk.

Thus, assumption I is implicit.

The statement says that species extinction is a threat to the environment. Thus, it implies that this affects every living being in a harmful sense.

Therefore, we can assume that living beings are interdependent on each other for their survival.

Hence, both assumptions I and II are implicit.

Shortcut Trick

When distance is constant, Speed is inversely proportional to Time.

Speed ratio = 5 : 4 → Time ratio = 4 : 5

Difference in time ratio = 5 − 4 = 1 unit

1 unit = 6 minutes (Given late time)

Usual time = 4 units = 4 × 6 = 24 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 24 min.

Alternate Method

Given:

New speed = 4/5 of Usual speed

Late time = 6 minutes

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Let usual speed be s and usual time be t.

⇒ New speed = 4s/5

⇒ New time = t + 6

⇒ Since Distance = Speed × Time is constant:

⇒ s × t = (4s/5) × (t + 6)

⇒ t = 4/5(t + 6)

⇒ 5t = 4t + 24

⇒ t = 24

∴ The correct answer is 24 min.

Additional Information

Inverse Proportionality Rule

If speed changes by factor a/b, time changes by factor b/a, provided distance remains constant.

Average Speed

For a journey with two equal distances covered at speeds x and y, Average Speed = 2xy/(x+y).

Relative Speed

Same direction: Relative Speed = S₁ − S₂ | Opposite direction: Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂.

Every 4^th year (which is a multiple of 4) is a leap year except for century years.

A century year is a leap year only if it is divisible by 400.

Therefore, 1700, 1900 etc. are not leap years.

Thus, 1696 is a leap year. But the next leap year would be 1704.

Thus, the minimum gap between two successive leap years is 4 and the maximum gap is 8.

Hence, ‘8’ is the correct answer.

Note: A century year is a year that is divisible by 100.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Weight.

• An object is stationary then the force is still acting on it is Weight.
• Weight is just another word for the force of gravity Fg.
• Weight is a force that acts at all times on all objects near Earth.
• Momentum: It is defined as the quantity of motion of the body.
• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

• The cotyledons act as a food store in plant seeds.
• Ovules after fertilisation, develop into seeds.
• A seed is made up of a seed coat and an embryo.
• The embryo is made up of a radicle, an embryonal axis and one (as in wheat, maize) or two cotyledons (as in gram and pea).
• Cotyledons are often fleshy and full of reserve food materials.
• Cotyledons are the first leaves that appear from a germinating seed and are often referred to as seed leaves.
• They serve as the food storage structure within the seed, providing essential nutrients and energy for the young plant during the early stages of germination and growth until it can produce its own food through photosynthesis.
• The other options- plumule, ovule, and radicle have different roles in plant development:
• the plumule develops into the shoot system,
• the ovule becomes a seed post-fertilization
• the radicle develops into the root.
• At the two ends of the embryonal axis are present the radicle and the plumule.
• In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of double fertilisation, is a food storing tissue.
• In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called non-endospermous.

√(882/1922)

⇒ √[(2 × 441)/(2 × 961)]

⇒ √[(21)²/(31)²]

The square root of 882/1922 $= √ {\frac{{{{21}^2}}}{{{{31}^2}}}} = 21/31$

• Indian shot putter Manpreet Kaur bagged the gold medal in the first leg of the Asian Grand Prix Athletics Meet, in Jinhua, China.
• Kaur broke her own 2015 national record.
• Her best throw was of 18.86m in the season-opening international event for the Indians, which was nearly one metre more than her earlier national record of 17.96m, which she had set in the year 2015.
• The shot, a metal ball (7.26kg/16lb for men, 4kg/8.8lb for women), is put – not thrown – with one hand. The aim is to put it as far as possible from a seven-foot diameter (2.135m) circle that has a curved 10-centimetre high toe-board at the front.
• In order for the put to be measured, the shot must not drop below the line of the athlete’s shoulders at any stage of the put and must land inside a designated 35-degree sector.
• The athlete must not touch the top of the toe-board during their put or leave the circle before the ball has landed, and then only from the rear half of the circle.
• Athletes will commonly throw four or six times per competition. In the event of a tie, the winner will be the athlete with the next-best effort.
• The men’s shot put has been part of every modern Olympics since 1896, but women putters had to wait until 1948 before they could compete at the Games.

Shortcut Trick

Height difference between tower and platform = 47 − 7 = 40 m.

In a 30°−60°−90° triangle, the side opposite to 30° is h and the side opposite to 60° is h√3.

Here, the vertical height h is 40 m, so the horizontal distance is 40√3 m.

∴ The correct answer is 40√3 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Height of platform (h_p) = 7 m

Height of tower (h_t) = 47 m

Angle of elevation (θ) = 30°

Formula Used:

tan θ = Perpendicular ÷ Base

Calculations:

⇒ Let the distance between the platform and the tower be d.

⇒ The height of the tower above the platform level = 47 − 7 = 40 m.

⇒ tan 30° = 40 ÷ d

⇒ 1 ÷ √3 = 40 ÷ d

⇒ d = 40 × √3

⇒ d = 40√3 m

∴ The correct answer is 40√3 m.

Additional Information

Angle of Elevation and Depression

The angle of elevation is the angle between the horizontal line and the line of sight when looking up. The angle of depression is the angle when looking down.

Standard Trigonometric Ratios

For height and distance, tan 30° = 1/√3, tan 45° = 1, and tan 60° = √3 are the most frequently used values.

Right-Angled Triangle Property

In a triangle with angles 30°, 60°, 90°, the sides are in the ratio 1 : √3 : 2 respectively.

The mirror image for the following figure when the mirror is kept at the MN is shown below:

Hence, figure ‘B’ is the correct answer.

• The use of the term "these days" indicates that waste management has become a major problem recently.
• The use of the term "one of our" indicates that there could be other major concerns in our country too.

Hence, both conclusions I and II follow

Note: The official question had a discrepancy. So, we have rephrased the question.

The logic is:

First, let us split the letters and numbers.

B, ?, F, H

As we move one step ahead in the series, we see that each letter is moving two steps forward.

25, ?, 9, 4

The numbers form a series of squares of the numbers 2 to 5 in the descending order.

Hence, ‘D-16’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Letters are coded by their reverse letter.

Similarly,

Hence, ‘GSIVZW’ is the correct answer.

• Kilowatt-hour (kWh) and joules (J) are units of energy.
• 1 Kilowatt Hour = 3.6 x 10⁶ Joules.
• 1 Joule is equal to 1 watt per 1 second
• Hence 1 kWh is equal to 1 x 1000 x 60 x 60 ⇒ 3600000 J
• It can also be written as 3.6 x 106 Joules.
• Hence 1kWH is equal to 3.6 x 106 Joules.

Shortcut Trick

Total Distance = 161.5 + 758.5 = 920 m

Speed (m/s) = 920 ÷ 46 = 20 m/s

Speed (km/h) = 20 × (18/5) = 72 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 72 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of Train (L₁) = 161.5 m

Length of Bridge (L₂) = 758.5 m

Time taken (T) = 46 seconds

Formula Used:

Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = L₁ + L₂

⇒ Total Distance = 161.5 + 758.5 = 920 m

⇒ Speed in m/s = 920 ÷ 46 = 20 m/s

⇒ Speed in km/h = 20 × (18/5)

⇒ Speed in km/h = 4 × 18 = 72 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 72 km/h.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion

1 m/s = 18/5 km/h and 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s. This is derived from (1000m / 3600s).

Relative Speed (Same Direction)

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂.

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction)

When two objects move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

The correct answer is 552.

• Note: This is the official paper answer key of RRC Group D Previous Paper 22 (Held On: 18 Sept 2018 Shift 2).
• But now it has been changed after the 104 amendments.

Key Points

• The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution is now 552.
• Article 81 of the Constitution of India 1949 has specified the maximum strength of Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha to be 552.
• Out of the maximum permitted strength, not more than 530 members are to be chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the Indian states,
• Not more than 20 members are to represent the union territories, chosen in such manner as Parliament of India may by law provide.
• Lok Sabha is the lower house, while Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament.
• Article 80 of the Indian Constitution lays down the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha as 250, out of which 12 members are nominated by the President and 238 are representatives of the States and of the two Union Territories.
• The Vice President of India will act as Ex-Officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Important Points

• 104th Amendment Act, 2020 -
• Extended the deadline for the cessation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Seventy years to Eighty.
• Removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.
• The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution is now 550.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Lignin.

 Key Points

• Sclerenchyma is the tissue which makes the plant hard and stiff.
• The husk of a coconut - It is made of sclerenchymatous tissue.
• The cells of this tissue are dead.
• They are long and narrow as the walls are thickened due to lignin.
• Often these walls are so thick that there is no internal space inside the cell.
• This tissue is present in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves and in the hard covering of seeds and nuts.
• It provides strength to the plant parts.
• Cells specializing in one function are often grouped together in the body.
• This means that a particular function is carried out by a cluster of cells at a definite place in the body.
• This cluster of cells, called a tissue, is arranged and designed so as to give the highest possible efficiency of function.
• Blood, phloem and muscle are all examples of tissues.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Nirbhay

• Nirbhay is the indigenously designed and developed long-range subsonic cruise missile of India.

• Anti Tank guided missile: It is a medium or long-range missile whose primary purpose is to destroy tanks and other armoured vehicles.
• NOTE:-
  

​

• BrahMos, the world’s fastest cruise missile is developed jointly by India & Russia and named after two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.

⇒ √108 + √243 = 25.98

⇒ √(36 × 3) + √(81 × 3) = 25.98

⇒ 6√3 + 9√3 = 25.98

⇒ 15√3 = 25.98

⇒ 7√3 + 8√3 = 25.98

⇒ √(49 × 3) + √(64 × 3) = 25.98

⇒ √147 + √192 = 25.98

Shortcut Trick

Total alloy weight = 1 kg = 1000 g

Copper percentage = 32%

Quantity of Copper = 32% of 1000 g = 32 × 10 = 320 g

∴ The correct answer is 320 g.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total weight of alloy = 1 kg

Percentage of Copper = 32%

Percentage of Zinc = 40%

Percentage of Nickel = 100% − (32% + 40%) = 28%

Formula Used:

Quantity = (Percentage / 100) × Total Value

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight in grams = 1 × 1000 = 1000 g

⇒ Quantity of Copper = (32 / 100) × 1000

⇒ Quantity of Copper = 32 × 10

⇒ Quantity of Copper = 320 g

∴ The correct answer is 320 g.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion

Always convert units to the desired final form; here 1 kg = 1000 g.

Percentage to Fraction

To simplify calculations, remember common fractions like 32% = 32/100 = 8/25.

Base Change in Percentage

The value of a percentage depends directly on the base value it is applied to (Quantity = Base × %).

Shortcut Trick

Net filling time = (a × b) ÷ (b − a)

Given filling time (a) = 25 minutes and emptying time (b) = 50 minutes.

Required time = (25 × 50) ÷ (50 − 25) = 1250 ÷ 25 = 50 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 50 min.

Alternate Method

Given: Filling time = 25 min, Emptying time = 50 min.

Formula: Total Time = Total Capacity ÷ Combined Efficiency

⇒ Total Capacity = LCM of 25 and 50 = 50 units.

⇒ Efficiency of Filling Tap = 50 ÷ 25 = +2 units/min.

⇒ Efficiency of Emptying Tap = 50 ÷ 50 = −1 units/min.

⇒ Combined Efficiency = 2 − 1 = 1 unit/min.

⇒ Time taken to fill the tank = 50 ÷ 1 = 50 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 50 min.

Additional Information

Negative Work Concept

In Pipes and Cisterns, an emptying pipe (outlet) performs negative work. Its efficiency is subtracted from the efficiency of the filling pipe.

Combined Rate Formula

If pipe A fills in 'x' hours and pipe B empties in 'y' hours (where y > x), the net rate of filling is (1/x − 1/y) per hour.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e.

• Here CaO is not forming covalent bonds because Calcium is donating its two valence electrons permanently while Oxygen is receiving the two electrons from the Calcium atom, this type of bonding is known as ionic bond.
• Ionic bond, also called the electrovalent bond, is a type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.
• Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
• The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion (cation), while the one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).

Additional Information

• Covalent Bond:
• When two atoms share one electron pair they are said to be joined by a single covalent bond.
• In many compounds, we have multiple bonds between atoms. The formation of multiple bonds envisages the sharing of more than one electron pair between two atoms.
• If two atoms share two pairs of electrons, the covalent bond between them is called a double bond.
• For example, in the carbon dioxide molecule, we have two double bonds between the carbon and oxygen atoms. Similarly in the ethene molecule, the two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond.
• When combining atoms share three electron pairs as in the case of two nitrogen atoms in the N₂ molecule and the two carbon atoms in the ethyne molecule, a triple bond is formed.

Given:

Sum of two fractions = 7/4

1st fraction = 5/3

Formula:

Sum = 1st fraction + 2nd fraction

Calculation:

The other fraction = 7/4 - 5/3 = (7 × 3 - 5 × 4)/12 = (21 - 20)/12 = 1/12

The Z shaped figure flips horizontally in alternate steps.

Therefore, options 3 and 4 are eliminated.

The arrows are rotating in the clockwise direction in each step.

There is no change in the direction of arrows in B. Therefore, option 2 is eliminated.

Hence, figure C is the correct answer.

Today is Monday.

Every day repeats after 7 days, hence Monday will repeat after every 7 days.

∴ To find the day after 61 days

∴ 61 days ÷ 7 = 8 weeks 5 odd days.

So, the 5^th day after Monday is Saturday.

Hence, ‘Saturday’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. C Rajagopalachari

• C. Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) was a freedom fighter, politician, an associate of Gandhi and the final governor general of India.
• Rajagopalachari parted ways with the Congress in 1957 after being disillusioned by the path it was taking.
• He founded the Swatantra Party in 1959, which favoured classical liberal principles and free enterprise.
• In this speech made in April 1973, he highlighted the purpose and the need of the party at the time.
• The Swatantra Party stands for the protection of the individual citizen against the increasing trespasses of the State.
• The Swatantra Party is founded on the claim that individual citizens should be free to hold their property and carry on their professions freely and through binding mutual agreements among themselves and that the State should assist and encourage in every possible way the individual in this freedom, but not seek to replace him.
• The Swatantra party believes that going over to the enemy is not defence, but surrender.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905.
• Its objective was to unite and train Indians of different religions and ethnicities in welfare work.
• K. Kamaraj was born humble and poor in a backward area of Tamil Nadu on July 15, 1903.
• He became Chief Minister of Madras in 1954.
• Indian Government gave Bharat Ratna to K. Kamaraj for Public Affairs in the year of 1976 after his death.
• Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was born in Nadiad, Gujarat.
• When India attained Independence he became the Deputy Prime Minister and was responsible for the Home, States and the Information and Broadcasting portfolios.

The given figure is a pentagon with 4 small circles inside it.

Answer figure ‘C’ has the same shape of pentagon as in question figure and has four small circles inside it.

Hence, figure ‘C’ is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Prime factorization of 1296 = 2⁴ × 3⁴.

For a factor to be a perfect square, the powers of prime factors must be even.

Available even powers for 2: {2⁰, 2², 2⁴} → 3 options.

Available even powers for 3: {3⁰, 3², 3⁴} → 3 options.

Total perfect square factors = 3 × 3 = 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given: Number = 1296

Formula Used: If N = a^p × b^q, number of perfect square factors = (1 + floor(p/2)) × (1 + floor(q/2))

⇒ Prime factorization of 1296:

⇒ 1296 = 2 × 648 = 2² × 324 = 2³ × 162 = 2⁴ × 81

⇒ 1296 = 2⁴ × 3⁴

⇒ Number of even powers of 2 (0, 2, 4) = 3

⇒ Number of even powers of 3 (0, 2, 4) = 3

⇒ Total perfect square factors = 3 × 3 = 9

⇒ The factors are: 1, 4, 16, 9, 36, 144, 81, 324, 1296

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

Total Number of Factors

If N = a^p × b^q, total factors = (p + 1)(q + 1).

Perfect Cube Factors

For perfect cubes, powers must be multiples of 3. Number of factors = (1 + floor(p/3)) × (1 + floor(q/3)).

Sum of Factors

Sum = [(a^p+1 − 1)/(a − 1)] × [(b^q+1 − 1)/(b − 1)].

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. ISKCON

• Expanded over 100 acres of area, Govardhan Ecovillage is a project of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) . The project is owned and managed by ISKCON Wada.
• Govardhan Ecovillage is a place that houses several eco-friendly initiatives. Govardhan Ecovillage is implementing several rural development initiatives in many villages nearby with the help of Sri Chaitanya Seva Trust.
• The United Nations awards Govardhan Ecovillage for sustainable development and World Tourism.

Shortcut Trick

For divisibility by (x + 2), substitute x = −2 in the polynomial: (−2)² + 5k(−2) + k² + 5 = 0.

⇒ 4 − 10k + k² + 5 = 0 ⇒ k² − 10k + 9 = 0 ⇒ (k − 1)(k − 9) = 0 ⇒ k = 1 or 9.

Check x = −3: If k = 1, (−3)² + 5(1)(−3) + 1² + 5 = 9 − 15 + 1 + 5 = 0 (Divisible, so k = 1 is excluded).

If k = 9, (−3)² + 5(9)(−3) + 9² + 5 = 9 − 135 + 81 + 5 = −40 ≠ 0 (Not divisible, so k = 9 is correct).

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given: f(x) = x² + 5kx + k² + 5 is divisible by (x + 2) but not (x + 3).

Formula Used: Remainder Theorem states if f(x) is divisible by (x − a), then f(a) = 0.

⇒ Step 1: f(−2) = (−2)² + 5k(−2) + k² + 5 = 0

⇒ 4 − 10k + k² + 5 = 0

⇒ k² − 10k + 9 = 0

⇒ (k − 9)(k − 1) = 0 ⇒ k = 9 or k = 1

⇒ Step 2: Condition f(−3) ≠ 0

⇒ f(−3) = (−3)² + 5k(−3) + k² + 5 = 9 − 15k + k² + 5 = k² − 15k + 14

⇒ For k = 1: (1)² − 15(1) + 14 = 1 − 15 + 14 = 0 (Fails condition)

⇒ For k = 9: (9)² − 15(9) + 14 = 81 − 135 + 14 = −40 ≠ 0 (Satisfies condition)

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

Factor Theorem

A polynomial f(x) has a factor (x − a) if and only if f(a) = 0.

Quadratic Roots

For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, the sum of roots is −b/a and product of roots is c/a.

Divisibility Rule

If f(x) is exactly divisible by g(x), the remainder obtained upon division must be zero.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. B, C, D

• We know that elements are grouped into a period depending on the valence shell that is being filled.

• So, for A, the first shell is being filled so it belongs to the first period.
• For B,C,D,  the second shell is being filled, so they belong to the second period.
• For E, the fourth shell is being filled, so it belongs to the fourth period.
• So, the elements B,C,D belong to the same period.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Kilowatt hour

• The Commercial unit of Energy is Kilowatt-hour also called "UNIT".
• As the Power consumption in commercial cases is very high hence we can not measure Energy in joules.
• For commercial purposes, we measure Energy in Kilowatt-hour.
• 1 Kilowatt-hour is defined as the energy consumed by a device of power 1 KW in 1 hour.
• 1 Kilowatt-hour = 3600000 J.
• Unit of work is Joule.
• Unit of Power is Watt.

Similarly,

Hence, ‘PCBSAC’ is the correct answer.

The correct option is 4, i.e. But

• The prefix added to the name of the hydrocarbon with 4 carbon atoms is But.
  

• The suffix or ending of the name of a hydrocarbon depends on the nature of the chemical bonds between the carbon atoms.
• Hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
• Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are the types of hydrocarbons.
• The name of the hydrocarbon and their characteristic is given below:
• The suffix or ending of the name of a hydrocarbon depends on the nature of the chemical bonds between the carbon atoms.
  

The least possible Venn diagram is:

1. All containers are mud. → False (It is possible but not definite)
2. Some vessels are mud. → True (All mud are vessels)

Hence, only conclusion 2 follows.

Number of books in - 

Section 7 = In between 100 and 150

Section 9 = 200

Section 8 = In between 100 and 150

Section 5 = 400

But, In section 8, the number of books is near to 150 which is not the case in section 7.

Hence, Section 7 has the least number of books

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. Harry Kane

• England's Harry Kane finished as the leading goalscorer at the 2018 FIFA World Cup  to win the Adidas Golden Boot Award.
• Harry Kane scored England's first goal of the World Cup.
• Kane was awarded the Golden Boot for scoring six goals in the tournament.
• He became the second English player to ever win the World Cup Golden Boot, after Gary Lineker in 1986.
• The Adidas Golden Boot accolade is coveted by every top striker on the planet, but only the highest scorers at the FIFA World Cup finals are awarded it.
• Belgium's Thibaut Courtois was awarded the Golden Glove award for being the best goalkeeper of the tournament.
• Spain were awarded the 'Fair Play' award.
• France won the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Given: 

Let us observe the pattern of 1^st and 2^nd figure.

In 2^nd figure, the circle shifts in such a way that it intersects with both the straight line and rectangle.

Similarly,

In comparison to 3rd figure, the 4th figure will have triangle intersecting with both the straight line and rectangle.

Figure ‘C’ fulfills the above condition.

Hence, figure ‘C’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. Short-circuit

• Short-circuit is prevented by coating the conducting wire with pvc.
• PVC is an insulating substance. It does not allow electric current to pass through it.
• Polyvinyl chloride, also known as poly, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene.
• PVC comes in two basic forms: rigid and flexible.
• PVC is an example of thermoplastics.
• Thermosetting plastic is a type of plastic that melts on heating and solidifies on cooling.
• Sometimes, the live and neutral wires come in direct contact due to defective or damaged wiring.
• When this happens, the resistance of the circuit becomes almost zero and a very large current flows through it. This is known as Short Circuit.
• A short circuit means negligible resistance connection between two conductors supplying electric current.
• Fuse is used to prevent the circuit whenever there is an unusual increase in the current.
• The fuse wire breaks due to excess heat generated due to excess current that protects home appliances from short circuiting or overloading.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel contributed to the theories of inheritance of traits in living things.

• The most obvious outcome of the reproductive process still remains the generation of individuals of similar design.
• The rules of heredity determine the process by which traits and characteristics are reliably inherited.
• The rules for inheritance of such traits in human beings are related to the fact that both the father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child.
• This means that each trait can be influenced by both paternal and maternal DNA.
• Thus, for each trait, there will be two versions in each child.
• Gregor Mendel was the first to explain the way in which traits are passed from one generation to the next-and sometimes skip generations.
• Mandel did his experiment with pea plant breeding and he developed three principles of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits before anyone knew genes existed.

Additional Information

Three principles are: Laws of Dependence, Laws of Segregation and Laws of Independent Assortment.

• Afterwards, his experiment greatly expanded the understanding of genetic inheritance and led to the development of new experimental methods.
• In sexually reproducing organisms inheritance is easily experimented and described as was the case of Mendel's experiments on the inheritance of characters.
• Since in asexual reproduction gamete formation and their fusion does not occur, the laws of inheritance here doesn't hold good here as they are in the case of sexually reproducing organisms only.
• Gregor Mendel is also known as the “Father of Genetics”.

Shortcut Trick

Product / Difference method for Keerthi alone:

Days = (Keerthi + Malathi) × Malathi ÷ (Malathi − Keerthi + Malathi)

Days = (12 × 30) ÷ (30 − 12) = 360 ÷ 18 = 20 days.

∴ The correct answer is 20 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by Keerthi and Malathi together = 12 days. Time taken by Malathi alone = 30 days.

Formula Used: Total Work = LCM of individual days; Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time.

⇒ Efficiency of Keerthi = (Efficiency of Keerthi + Malathi) − (Efficiency of Malathi)

⇒ Efficiency of Keerthi = 5 − 2 = 3 units/day

⇒ Time taken by Keerthi alone = Total Work ÷ Efficiency of Keerthi

⇒ Time taken = 60 ÷ 3 = 20 days.

∴ The correct answer is 20 days.

Additional Information

One Day Work Concept

If a person completes a task in 'n' days, then their one day work is 1/n. Total work is usually considered as 1 unit.

Combined Work Formula

If A and B work together, their combined time is (A × B) ÷ (A + B). To find one person's time from the total, use (Total × Known) ÷ (Known − Total).

Work and Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of the Efficiency of the workers (or work done) and not the ratio of days taken.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Anil Kumble

• Anil Kumble had resigned from the post of Head Coach of Indian team in 2017 after a successful one-year term**.**
• Kumble had been appointed coach in June 2016 for a one-year term by the Cricket Advisory Committee (CAC) and was instantly successful.
• Under him, India won Test series against West Indies, New Zealand, England, Bangladesh and Australia.
• India registered 12 Test wins out of 17 matches during Kumble's tenure.
• Kumble was replaced by Ravi Shastri as India coach.
• Ravi Shastri is the current Head Coach of Indian team. (April 2020)

Let the age of Soham be ‘a’ years.

So, age of Paratha will be ‘a + 10’ years.

According to question:

3 (a – 8) = 2 [(a +10) – 8] + 4

=> 3a – 24 = 2 (a + 2) + 4

=> 3a – 24 = 2a + 4 + 4

=> 3a – 2a = 8 + 24

=> a = 32

So, Soham’s present age is 32 years.

Hence, ‘32’ is the correct answer.

The most Suitable Venn diagram for the words Garlic, Ginger and Chilly is shown below:

All these words belong to three different groups and have no common relation in between them.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

All options except ‘Hydrogen’ are metals, while Hydrogen is an intermediate element it shows the properties of both metals and non-metal.

Hence, ‘Hydrogen’ is the odd one out.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Ascaris

• Ascaris does not belong to the class Annelida.
• Ascaris are the cylindrical shape worm that belongs to the Phylum Aschelminthes.
• Phlyum Aschelminthes comprises of Round worm that are unisexual and lack circulatory and respiratory systems.
• Annelida are bilaterally symmetrical with an organ-system level of body organisation.
• Phylum Annelida is the category of worms and includes any and every worm like earthworm, ragworm, leeches, Nereis etc.
• These worms are invertebrates and have different segments in one body.
• Kingdom Animalia is divided into sub-groups which is known as Phylum. There are 11 phyla in the kingdom Animalia.
• Phylum Arthropoda is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom.
• This phylum includes spiders, lobsters, termites, millipedes, insects, and crabs, etc.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. 8 m

• Potential energy: It is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position.
• P.E of object = mgh
• Given, m = 6 kg,  P.E. = 480 J,  g = 10 m/s
• $480;J; = 6;kg; \times ;10;m/s; \times h;$
• $h; = ;\frac{{480}}{{6; \times ;10}} = \frac{{480}}{{60}}$
• h = 8 m

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. 3.1

• The focal length is the distance between the centre of the lens or mirror and the focal point (where parallel rays of light meet or appear to meet) of the lens or mirror.
• The distance between the centre of the lens or mirror to the vertex which is located on the local optical axis is called the Radius of Curvature.
• The focal length is half of the radius of curvature.
• $Focal;Length;\left( f \right); = ;\frac{R}{2}$, Where R = radius of curvature
• $f; = ;\frac{{6.2}}{2}$ = 3.1
• $f; = ;3.1$
• Therefore, the focal length of the concave mirror is 3.1 cm.

So, the big pole is to the South-East of B.

Hence, ‘South-East’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Cinnabar.

Key Points

• Cinnabar is an ore of Mercury (Hg).
• Cinnabar is an ore of Mercury (Hg) with chemical formula HgS.
• Cinnabar is a source of brilliant red pigment, called Vermilion.
• It consists of mercury sulphide and is bright scarlet to brick red in color.
• It occurs as a vein-filling mineral in alkaline hot springs and volcanic activities.
• It resembles quartz in its symmetry.
• Mercury is the only metal which is liquid at room temperature.
• Atomic number of mercury is 80.
• Minamata disease due to mercury poisoning.
• Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminum.
• Arsenic (As) is the metalloid.
• Stibnite is an ore of Antimony with chemical formula $S{b_2}{S_3}$.

The option figure that bears the closest resemblance to the question figure is shown below:

The answer figure D is like mirror image of the question. Also, it is the only figure among the answer figures that have triangles in it, similar to that of question figure.

Hence, figure D is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Salman Khan

• Salman Khan was the host of the Hindi version of “Bigg Boss-11” for the eighth time.
• Born on December 27, 1965 Salman Khan is the son of the legendary writer Salim Khan.
• In 2007, he launched Being Human - Salman Khan Foundation. This charitable organization aids the underprivileged in areas such as education and health-care.
• Bigg Boss 11 is the eleventh season of Indian reality TV series Bigg Boss, which aired on Colors TV.
• The grand finale of the show took place on 14 January 2018 and Shilpa Shinde was announced as the winner while Hina Khan as Runner-up.

(Implicit - suggested though not directly expressed)

As ‘stories are the best way to make children remember concepts’, and only when someone likes something, it can be used in a good way.

Therefore, assumption I is implicit.

According to the statement, stories are used such that children remember concepts in the early years of their life - a stage when we need to improve children’s imagination and visualisation skills.

Therefore, assumption II is implicit.

Hence, both I and II are implicit.

The least possible Venn diagram is:

I. All cars are vehicles. → True (as visible in the figure)

II. Some vehicles are four-wheelers. → True (All four-wheelers are vehicles)

So, both the conclusion follows.

Hence, all the conclusions follow.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. I Do What I Do

• The former RBI governor Raghuram Rajan authored the book I Do What I Do.
• “I Do What I Do" is a collection of former RBI Governor, Raghuraman Rajan's speeches and articles.
• Raghuram G. Rajan is the Katherine Dusak Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago.
• He was Governor of the Reserve Bank of India between 2013 and 2016, and is the bestselling author of I Do What I Do and Fault Lines, and the co-author of Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Assam

• Pagladia Dam is located in Assam.
• It is a multipurpose project constructed over Pagladiya River, a tributary of Brahmaputra, in Nalbari District of Assam.
• The Pagladiya River has been responsible for recurrent floods in the north bank of the Brahmaputra.
• Benefits from Pagladiya dam include flood moderation in 40,000 ha area, irrigation benefits to 54,000 ha, and incidental power generation by a plant of 3 MW capacity.
• The project cost has been estimated at Rs. 541 crore.
• Important Dam of Assam: 
• Subansiri Lower Dam(Subansiri River)
• Karbi Langpi Dam(Borpani River)

●      Know about Assam:

○      Capital: Dispur

○      No. of districts: 33

○      Formed on: 26 January 1950

○      Chief Minister**: Sarbananda Sonowal** (21 Feb 2020)

○      Governor of Assam: Jagdish Mukhi (21 Feb 2020)

○      State Animal: One-horned rhinoceros

○      State Bird: White-winged wood duck

○      State Flower: Kopou phul (Foxtail Orchid)

○      State Tree: Hollong

○      Languages: Assamese, Bodo, Bengali

√0.00069169

√(69169 × 10⁸)

As we know,

√69169 = 263

√(263 × 263 × 10⁴ × 104) 

⇒ √(0.0263)²

⇒ 0.0263

Shortcut Trick

Since AP = 3/7 AB, the point P divides the line segment AB internally in the ratio 3 : 4.

Using the section formula for x-coordinate: x = (3 × 2 + 4 × (−2)) ÷ (3 + 4) = −2/7.

Using the section formula for y-coordinate: y = (3 × (−4) + 4 × (−2)) ÷ (3 + 4) = −20/7.

Thus, the coordinates of P are (−2/7, −20/7).

∴ The correct answer is (−2/7, −20/7).

Alternate Method

Given:

Coordinates of A = (−2, −2)

Coordinates of B = (2, −4)

AP = 3/7 AB

Formula Used:

Section Formula: If a point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x₁, y₁) and B(x₂, y₂) internally in the ratio m : n, then:

P(x, y) = ((m × x₂ + n × x₁) ÷ (m + n), (m × y₂ + n × y₁) ÷ (m + n))

Calculations:

Since P lies on the line segment AB:

⇒ AP + PB = AB

⇒ PB = AB − AP

⇒ PB = AB − 3/7 AB

⇒ PB = 4/7 AB

⇒ AP : PB = (3/7 AB) : (4/7 AB) = 3 : 4

Therefore, the ratio m : n = 3 : 4

Here, x₁ = −2, y₁ = −2 and x₂ = 2, y₂ = −4

For x-coordinate of P:

⇒ x = (3 × 2 + 4 × (−2)) ÷ (3 + 4)

⇒ x = (6 − 8) ÷ 7

⇒ x = −2/7

For y-coordinate of P:

⇒ y = (3 × (−4) + 4 × (−2)) ÷ (3 + 4)

⇒ y = (−12 − 8) ÷ 7

⇒ y = −20/7

Therefore, the coordinates of P(x, y) are (−2/7, −20/7).

Option Analysis:

⇒ Option 1: −2/7, 20/7 is incorrect because the y-coordinate must be negative (−20/7) as both y-coordinates of A and B are negative.

⇒ Option 2: 2/7, −20/7 is incorrect because the x-coordinate must be negative (−2/7).

⇒ Option 4: 2/7, 20/7 is incorrect because both coordinates must be negative.

∴ The correct answer is (−2/7, −20/7).

Additional Information

Section Formula (External Division)

If a point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x₁, y₁) and B(x₂, y₂) externally in the ratio m : n, then P(x, y) = ((m × x₂ − n × x₁) ÷ (m − n), (m × y₂ − n × y₁) ÷ (m − n)).

Midpoint Formula

When a point P divides the line segment AB in the ratio 1 : 1 (i.e., P is the midpoint), the coordinates are given by P(x, y) = ((x₁ + x₂) ÷ 2, (y₁ + y₂) ÷ 2).

Centroid of a Triangle

The centroid G of a triangle with vertices (x₁, y₁), (x₂, y₂), and (x₃, y₃) is given by G(x, y) = ((x₁ + x₂ + x₃) ÷ 3, (y₁ + y₂ + y₃) ÷ 3).

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. 2, 4.

Key Points

• Only carbon will show catenation property.
• The capability of atoms forming a long chain by bonding with each other is called catenation.
• It is the linkage of atoms of the same element to form long chains.
• The catenation process predominantly in carbon and it forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms to form larger chains and structures.
• Carbon shows allotropy due to catenation, which is linking atoms of the same element with one another to form long chains.
• There are various allotropes of carbon that exist in nature including diamond, graphene, fullerenes, C60, C70, amorphous carbon, Q carbon, lonsdaleite, and carbon nanotubes.
• The property of an element that exists in more than one physical form is called allotropy and the forms are termed as allotropes.
• The electronic configuration of carbon= (2, 4). Therefore, the Valency of carbon is 4.
• A carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost valence shell.
• So, it needs four more electrons to complete the octet configuration.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. centripetal force

• The gravitational force of attraction between a satellite and the earth gives rise to centripetal force.
• Earth satellites are objects which revolve around the earth.
• Their motion is very similar to the motion of planets around the Sun and hence Kepler’s laws of planetary motion are equally applicable to them.
• In particular, their orbits around the earth are circular or elliptic.
• The artificial satellites orbiting the Earth remain in their orbits and do not fall down due to the attraction of the Earth (gravity) which provides the necessary centripetal acceleration.
• We will consider a satellite in a circular orbit of a distance (R + h) from the centre of the earth, where R = radius of the earth.
• If m is the mass of the satellite and V its speed, the centripetal force required for this orbit is:
• $F\left( {centripetal;force} \right); = ;\frac{{m{V^2}}}{{R; + ;h}}$, directed towards the centre.
• This centripetal force is provided by the gravitational force, which is:
• $F\left( {gravitational;force} \right); = ;\frac{{GmM}}{{R; + ;h}}$, where M is the mass of the earth.
• Centripetal force:
• A force that acts on a body moving in a circular path and is directed towards the centre around which the body is moving.
• This force is applied to the object from outside and for this reason, the centripetal force is an external force.
• It always acts towards the centre(so we do not assume that it is an internal force) but it is an external force.

Shortcut Trick

Statement 1: Sriram = Shyam + 32 (Two unknowns, one equation → Insufficient).

Statement 2: Shyam = 2 years (No information about Sriram → Insufficient).

Combining 1 & 2: Sriram = 2 + 32 = 34 years.

Since a unique value is obtained only by using both statements, they are together sufficient.

∴ The correct answer is Both 1 and 2 are sufficient.

Alternate Method

Given:

From Statement 1: Sriram is 32 years elder to Shyam.

From Statement 2: Shyam is currently 2 years old.

Calculations:

⇒ Let the age of Shyam be S_y and Sriram be S_r.

⇒ From Statement 1: S_r = S_y + 32

⇒ From Statement 2: S_y = 2

⇒ Substituting the value of S_y in the first equation:

⇒ S_r = 2 + 32

⇒ S_r = 34 years

⇒ To find the specific age of Sriram, data from both statements is required.

∴ The correct answer is Both 1 and 2 are sufficient.

Additional Information

Data Sufficiency Principles

A question is solvable if the number of independent equations equals the number of variables. Here, Sriram and Shyam are 2 variables requiring 2 distinct pieces of information.

Relative Age Constant

The difference between the ages of two persons always remains constant regardless of the number of years passed or future time.

Sufficiency Cases

1. Only 1: S1 alone gives a unique answer. 2. Either: Both S1 and S2 give answers independently. 3. Both: Only the combination works.

The correct answer is Pinki is walking on a inclinded road with a book on her head

• Work:
• Work done on an object is defined as the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved by the object in the direction of the applied force.
• The unit of work is the joule (1 Joule = 1 Newton-meter).
• Work done on an object by a force would be zero if the displacement of the object is zero.
• It is the dot product of force and displacement.
• It is a Scalar quantity.
• W = F.s cosθ.
• Distance:
• The length of the actual path covered by a moving object in a given time.
• It is a scalar quantity.
• It is always positive.
• The unit of distance is a meter (m).
• Displacement:
• It is the shortest distance covered by a body in a definite direction.
• It is a vector quantity.
• It can be positive, Negative, or Zero.
• The unit of displacement is a meter(m).
• In this question, we can see that work done would be zero in all the above options except option 3.
• In this case, when Pinki is carrying a book on his head, the gravitational force acts on his head and presses her head to make some displacement.

Shortcut Trick

Profit % = 90% → Profit Value = ₹ 90,000

Investment (100%) = (90,000 ÷ 90) × 100

Investment = 1,000 × 100 = ₹ 1,00,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 1,00,000.

Alternate Method

Given: Profit percentage = 90%, Profit amount = ₹ 90,000.

Formula: Profit = (Profit % ÷ 100) × Investment

⇒ Let the initial investment be X.

⇒ 90% of X = 90,000

⇒ (90 ÷ 100) × X = 90,000

⇒ X = (90,000 × 100) ÷ 90

⇒ X = 1,000 × 100

⇒ X = 1,00,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 1,00,000.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit is the difference between Selling Price and Cost Price (Investment). Profit % = (Profit ÷ Investment) × 100.

Total Revenue

Total Revenue = Investment + Profit. In this case, Vella's total return would be ₹ 1,00,000 + ₹ 90,000 = ₹ 1,90,000.

Percentage Change

To find the original value when a percentage of it is known: Original Value = (Given Value ÷ Percentage) × 100.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘48G0T’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e.  Ishwar Sharma

• An eight-year-old Indian-origin schoolboy who is the under-11 UK national yoga champion has been named the ‘British Indian of the Year’ for his achievements in the field.
• Ishwar Sharma has won a string of titles in both individual and artistic yoga, most recently a gold medal representing Great Britain at the World Student Games 2018 in Winnipeg, Canada, in June 2018.
• He was named British Indian of the Year in the Young Achiever category at the sixth annual awards ceremony held in Birmingham.
• The family is originally from Mysore, home to world-renowned yoga gurus, and travels to the region annually.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Pullela Gopichand

• Former All-England champion and celebrated badminton coach Pullela Gopichand initiated the country's largest 'train the trainers' programme, inducting 1500 Physical Education (PE) teachers from across Gujarat for advanced training.
• The programme aimed to develop the skills of PE teachers so that they can impart the right techniques to children aspiring to make it big at sports.
• This was the largest skill development programme at the grassroots level.
• It will impact over 45,000 children every year and change the Physical Literacy and Sports knowledge in schools in Gujarat.
• Pullela Gopichand, (born November 16, 1973, Nagandla, India), Indian badminton player who in 2001 became the second Indian to win the prestigious All England men’s singles badminton championship.
• In 2008 he opened a badminton academy in Hyderabad.

Shortcut Trick

Mode is the value that appears most frequently in the data set.

Frequency of 2 → 3 times

Frequency of 3 → 4 times (Highest)

Frequency of others → 1 time each (0, 1, 4, 5, 6)

∴ The correct answer is 3.

Alternate Method

Given: Wickets taken = 2, 6, 4, 3, 5, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3

Formula Used: Mode = Value with the maximum frequency.

⇒ Arrange in ascending order: 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6

⇒ Count of 0 = 1

⇒ Count of 1 = 1

⇒ Count of 2 = 3

⇒ Count of 3 = 4

⇒ Count of 4 = 1

⇒ Count of 5 = 1

⇒ Count of 6 = 1

⇒ Since 3 repeats the most (4 times), it is the mode.

∴ The correct answer is 3.

Additional Information

Empirical Formula

The relationship between Mean, Median, and Mode is: Mode = 3 × Median − 2 × Mean.

Types of Mode

A data set can be Unimodal (one mode), Bimodal (two modes), or Multimodal (more than two modes).

Median Calculation

For even number of terms (n), Median = [(n/2)^th term + (n/2 + 1)^th term] ÷ 2 after sorting.

Company DEF produces the least number of mobile phones.

Number of mobile phones produced by DEF = 1240000 × 5/100 = 62000

The correct answer is option 1 i.e.  the muscular bladder is under nervous control

• We can control the urge to urinate as the muscular bladder is under nervous control.
• Urine formed by the nephrons is ultimately carried to the urinary bladder where it is stored till a voluntary signal is given by the central nervous system (CNS).
• This signal is initiated by the stretching of the urinary bladder as it gets filled with urine. In response, the stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS.
• The CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine.
• The process of release of urine is called micturition and the neural mechanisms causing it is called the micturition reflex.
• An adult human excretes, on an average, 1 to 1.5 litres of urine per day.
• The urine formed is a light yellow coloured watery fluid which is slightly acidic (pH-6.0) and has a characteristic odour.
• On an average, 25-30 gm of urea is excreted out per day.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Assam

• Union Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned Rs 98.35 crore for a Heritage Circuit in Assam under the Swadesh Darshan scheme.
• This amount has been sanctioned for development of the Tezpur, Majuli and Sivasagar circuit under the Swadesh Darshan scheme.
• The first instalment of Rs 19.67 crore against the sanctioned amount was released by the Centre on March 31, 2017.
• The scheme also includes development of a composite tourist infrastructure in Majuli comprising a centre near Kamalabari ghat, log huts, watch towers, cafeteria, elevated walkway, solar illumination, landscaping, etc.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Repco Micro Finance

• Repco Micro Finance Ltd, a non-banking finance company promoted by Repco Bank, received Nabard 2018 award for its service to self-help group (SHG) linkage in Tamil Nadu for the fiscal year 2017-18.
• Since its inception, the NBFC has disbursed loans amounting to ₹2,500 crore to over 10 lakh beneficiaries through 50,000 SHGs.
• Headquarters: Chennai
• Managing Director: Mrs. R.S. Isabella

The logic is:

Hence, ‘HS’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. RUCO.

Key Points

• The country’s apex food regulator, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in association with the Biodiesel Association of India (BDAI) has launched the ‘RUCO’ project, short for repurpose used cooking oil.
• RUCO is a project that plans to convert vegetable oils, animal fats or restaurant grease that has already been used in cooking into biodiesel for running diesel vehicles, or indeed any equipment that uses diesel.
• Recycling is increasingly being carried out to produce vegetable oil-based fuel in countries such as the UK and the US. India, too, is keen to join this club.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e M, TM, HM.

• Million Period consists of places: Million, Hundred Millions, Thousand Millions.
• The ones period consists of the digits in the hundreds, tens, and ones places.

Sarang is facing West.

He turns 135⁰ clockwise and then 45⁰ anticlockwise.

As he moves 135⁰ clockwise and then 45⁰ anticlockwise, net angular movement done by him = (135⁰ – 45⁰) = 90⁰ clockwise.

So, 90⁰ clockwise movement from west direction is shown below:

So, now he is facing north.

Hence, Sarang is facing North.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. 144 W

CONCEPT:

• Power (P):
• The rate of doing work is called power and it is also known as the rate of consumption of energy.
• The SI unit of power is "watt".
• 1 Watt = 1 Joule/second.

Electric Power: The rate at which electrical energy is dissipated into other forms of energy is called electrical power i.e.,

• $P = \frac{W}{t} = VI = {I^2}R = \frac{{{V^2}}}{R}$

Where V = Potential difference, R = Resistance and I = current.

• Electric Current(I):
• It is defined as the net amount of electric charge(q) flowing through a cross-section of a conductor in an electric circuit per unit of time(t).
• S.I unit of electric current is Ampere(A).
• Voltage:
• An electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.
• Its unit is Volt, denoted as "V".

Calculation:

Given - Potential difference (V) = 240 V and current (I) = 0.6 A

• Electric power can be written as,

​⇒ P = V I

⇒ P = 240 × 0.6 = 144 W

The Venn diagrams that correctly represents the relationship between:

A) Mobile

B) Laptop

C) Electronics

Is shown below:

All mobile and laptop are electronic devices.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.