CDS-II 2025 (English) Official Paper (Held On: 14 Sept, 2025) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is: bipartisan.

Key Points

• The word "bilateral" means involving two sides, parties, or groups, typically to come to an agreement or position. (द्विपक्षीय)
• Example: A bilateral trade agreement was signed between the two countries to strengthen economic ties.
• "Bipartisan" refers to cooperation or agreement between two political parties, especially those that usually oppose each other. (दो दलों के बीच सहयोग)
• Example: The bipartisan bill was passed to address urgent healthcare reforms.
• Hence, the word "bipartisan" is more appropriate in the context of political parties taking a position in the national interest.

Therefore, the correct answer is: bipartisan.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Impartial (निष्पक्ष): Neutral and unbiased, treating all sides equally.
• Example: The judge remained impartial and delivered a fair verdict.
• Intermittent (रुक-रुक कर होने वाला): Occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.
• Example: The weather forecast predicts intermittent rain throughout the day.
• Perilous (खतरनाक): Full of danger or risk.
• Example: The hikers embarked on a perilous journey through the mountains.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (indifferent).

Key Points

• The word "indefinite" means something that is not clearly defined, vague, or uncertain. (अनिश्चित)
• Example: The meeting was postponed for an indefinite period of time.
• The correct word "indifferent" refers to a lack of interest, concern, or enthusiasm about something. (उदासीन)
• Example: She was indifferent to the outcome of the game, as it did not affect her in any way.
• In the given sentence, the context is about the lack of interest shown by the subject towards the culinary fare. Thus, "indifferent" is the most appropriate replacement for "indefinite."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (indifferent).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Imperious (अहंकारी): Having or showing an arrogant and domineering attitude.
• Example: His imperious manner made him unpopular among his colleagues.
• Imperilled (संकट में डाला हुआ): Put at risk or in danger.
• Example: The reckless driving imperilled the lives of everyone on the road.
• Disinvested (निवेश से वंचित): To withdraw or reduce investments in a particular area or sector.
• Example: The company disinvested its shares in the failing subsidiary to cut its losses.

The correct answer is: Animus.

Key Points

• The word "antipathy" means a deep-seated feeling of dislike or aversion. (घृणा या अरुचि)
• Example: She expressed her antipathy toward the unethical practices of the company.
• "Animus" refers to hostility or ill will, often in an intense or deep-rooted manner. (द्वेष या शत्रुता)
• Example: The animus between the two political factions was evident during the debate.
• Hence, we can infer that the correct word to describe the whalers' hostility is 'animus'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Animus.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Sympathy (सहानुभूति): Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.
• Example: He offered his sympathy to the family affected by the tragedy.
• Empathy (सहानुभूति या समानुभूति): The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
• Example: Her empathy allowed her to connect with people on a deeper level.
• Indifference (उदासीनता): Lack of interest, concern, or sympathy.
• Example: His indifference to the suffering around him was shocking.

The correct answer is: Indigent.

Key Points

• The word "Diligent" means showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties. (परिश्रमी)
• Example: She was a diligent student and always completed her assignments on time.
• The word "Indigent" refers to someone who is poor or needy, lacking basic resources such as money or food. (गरीब)
• Example: After losing his job, he became indigent and struggled to meet his daily needs.
• In the sentence, the word "diligent" is incorrectly used to describe the family’s condition due to the crash in the share market. The correct word to convey their financial hardship is "indigent."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Indigent.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Intransigent (अडिग): Refusing to change one's views or agree about something.
• Example: The intransigent leader refused to compromise on his demands.
• Indignant (आक्रोशित): Feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment.
• Example: She was indignant when her colleague took credit for her work.
• Apathetic (उदासीन): Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
• Example: Despite the urgent situation, he remained apathetic and did not take any action.

The correct answer is: dispassionate.

Key Points

• The word "impassioned" means filled with or showing great emotion. (भावुक)
• Example: The politician gave an impassioned speech about the need for reform.
• The word "dispassionate" refers to being calm, unbiased, and unemotional, especially when making decisions or dealing with difficult situations. (निष्पक्ष)
• Example: A judge must remain dispassionate when delivering a verdict.
• In the context of the sentence, "dispassionate" is the appropriate word to describe someone who is calm and composed in their dealings with life's challenges.

Therefore, the correct answer is: dispassionate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Perfunctory (सतही): Done without care or interest, often performed as a routine duty.
• Example: He gave a perfunctory nod and walked away.
• Devolved (सौंपा हुआ): To delegate or transfer duties or responsibilities to another person or group.
• Example: The central government devolved more power to local authorities.
• Disambiguated (स्पष्ट किया हुआ): To clarify or remove ambiguity.
• Example: The teacher disambiguated the confusing instructions for the students.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (palimpsest).

Key Points

• The word "palimpsest" refers to a manuscript or document that has been written over, where traces of the original writing are still visible. (प्राचीन पांडुलिपि, जिसे दूसरी बार लिखा गया हो)
• Example: The ancient manuscript turned out to be a palimpsest, with layers of writing from different time periods.
• The word "postscript" refers to an additional remark or note added at the end of a letter or document, often abbreviated as P.S. (परिशिष्ट या पत्र का अंतिम नोट)
• Example: She added a postscript to her letter, explaining when she would arrive.
• In the given sentence, the word "postscript" is incorrect because the context suggests that the document was overwritten with a new one, which aligns with the definition of "palimpsest".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (palimpsest).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Parchment (पार्चमेंट): A material made from animal skin used for writing, especially in ancient times.
• Example: The old document was written on a piece of parchment.
• Pastiche (नकल या मिश्रण): A work of art or literature that imitates the style of another or combines various influences.
• Example: The movie is a pastiche of several genres, blending comedy and drama seamlessly.
• Montage (मोंटाज): A sequence of images or scenes edited together to convey a particular idea or story.
• Example: The film's opening montage beautifully captured the protagonist's childhood.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Plagiarism).

Key Points

• The word "Simulism" does not exist in the English vocabulary and appears to be a placeholder or incorrect usage. (यह एक गलत या असत्य शब्द है।)
• The correct word is "Plagiarism", which means the act of using someone else's ideas, work, or words without proper acknowledgment, presenting them as your own. (साहित्यिक चोरी)
• Example: The student was expelled for plagiarism after submitting a copied essay.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Plagiarism).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Sensationalism (सनसनीखेजता): The use of exciting or shocking stories at the expense of accuracy, to provoke public interest.
• Example: The news channel was accused of sensationalism for exaggerating the story.
• Institutionalism (संस्थागत): A focus on institutions and their role in society or adherence to institutional norms and practices.
• Example: The school follows strict institutionalism in its policies.
• Spoonerism (स्पूनरवाद): A verbal error in which the initial sounds of two words are swapped.
• Example: Saying "you have hissed all my mystery lectures" instead of "you have missed all my history lectures" is a spoonerism.

The correct answer is: Paternalistic.

Key Points

• The word "Paternal" refers to characteristics or behaviors associated with a fatherly figure. It often implies care, protection, or guidance but can sometimes also suggest control or dominance. (पैतृक/पिता जैसा)
• Example: His paternal instincts kicked in when he saw the child crying alone on the street.
• "Paternalistic" refers to a controlling attitude, where someone limits another person's freedom or decision-making while justifying it as being for their own good. (पिता के समान नियंत्रणकारी)
• Example: The manager’s paternalistic behavior hindered the employees from taking independent decisions.
• Hence, the correct word to describe the domineering manager’s behavior in this context is paternalistic, as it specifically highlights the controlling aspect of his actions.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Paternalistic.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Prim (शालीन): Stiffly formal and proper in behavior or appearance.
• Example: She was always prim and careful about her manners at social gatherings.
• Petulant (चिड़चिड़ा): Irritable or easily annoyed, often over trivial matters.
• Example: The petulant child threw a tantrum when he didn’t get his favorite toy.
• Presumptuous (अति आत्मविश्वासपूर्ण): Overconfident or failing to observe appropriate limits, often to the point of arrogance.
• Example: It was presumptuous of him to assume he would be promoted without consulting his supervisor.

The correct answer is: Perfunctory.

Key Points

• The word "reflective" refers to something that involves deep thought or reflection, often showing a serious consideration of a matter. (चिंतनशील)
• Example: He gave a reflective speech that made everyone think about their goals.
• "Perfunctory" means done as a duty or routine, often without genuine interest or effort; it implies a lack of care or enthusiasm. (औपचारिक, बिना रुचि के)
• Example: The teacher gave a perfunctory review of the students' assignments, barely reading them.
• In the context of the sentence, the team leader’s glance at the draft plan was superficial and lacking in genuine attention, which aligns with the meaning of "perfunctory".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Perfunctory.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Precise (सटीक): Clearly expressed and exact in detail.
• Example: She gave precise instructions on how to assemble the furniture.
• Engaging (मनोहारी): Attractive or charming, capable of holding attention.
• Example: The speaker’s engaging manner kept the audience captivated.
• Egregious (अत्यंत खराब): Outstandingly bad or shocking.
• Example: His egregious error during the presentation cost the company a major client.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (Gratuitous).

Key Points

• The word "salutary" refers to something that is beneficial, especially with reference to something unwelcome or unpleasant that produces good effects. (हितकारी, लाभदायक)
• Example: The accident was a salutary reminder of the dangers of driving while tired.
• The word "gratuitous" means something that is unnecessary or uncalled for; often done without any good reason or cause. (अनावश्यक, बिना कारण का)
• Example: The film was criticized for its gratuitous violence.
• In the given sentence, the word "gratuitous" fits appropriately as it describes actions done without good reason or cause.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (Gratuitous).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Ingratiated (खुशामद करना): To bring oneself into favor with someone by flattering or trying to please them.
• Example: She ingratiated herself with the new manager by praising his leadership skills.
• Grating (कर्कश): Something that is harsh or unpleasant to the senses, especially to the ears.
• Example: The grating sound of the alarm clock woke everyone up.
• Gargantuan (विशालकाय): Extremely large or enormous in size or amount.
• Example: The team faced a gargantuan task of rebuilding the city after the earthquake.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The error lies in the phrase "an unique excuse" in part B of the sentence.
• The article "an" is used before words beginning with a vowel sound, while "a" is used before words starting with a consonant sound.
• The word "unique" starts with a "yoo" sound, which is a consonant sound, so the correct article should be "a" instead of "an."
• Thus, the error is located in part B of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "In his well-recognised stentorian yet amused voice, the principal demanded a unique excuse from the student hauled up for alleged minor misdemeanour."

Additional Information

• A: "In his well-recognised stentorian yet amused voice," – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• C: "from the student hauled up for alleged minor misdemeanour." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the omission of the article before the noun "trip.
• Singular countable nouns like "trip" normally require an article ("a" or "the") when used in this way.
• The phrase should be "during the trip to the famous lake city," to make the sentence grammatically correct and complete.
• Thus, the error is located in part (c) of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Correct Sentence: "The visiting school children went around the lake during the trip to the famous lake city."

Additional Information

• 1: "The visiting school children" – This part is grammatically correct and clearly introduces the subject of the sentence.
• 2: "went around the lake" – This segment is grammatically correct and properly expresses the action done by the subject.
• 3: "during trip to the famous lake city" – This part is incorrect due to the missing article before "trip"; it should be "during the trip to the famous lake city.
• 4: "No error" – This option would be correct only if all parts were error-free, but there is an error in part (3).

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The error lies in the third part of the sentence where "familyowned" is written as a single word without a hyphen or space.
• When two words are combined to form a compound adjective that modifies a noun (in this case, "firm"), they should typically be hyphenated to ensure clarity and grammatical correctness.
• The correct form is "family-owned" or "family owned".
• Thus, the error is located in part 3 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Correct Sentence: "The unfair distribution of assets among the family members angered the more hardworking members of the family-owned firm."

Additional Information

• 1: "The unfair distribution" – This part is grammatically correct. The article and noun phrase are properly constructed.
• 2: "of assets among the family members" – This part is correct. The preposition "among" is correctly used for a group of more than two people.
• 4: "No error" – Since there is a punctuation error in part 3, this option is incorrect.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The error lies in the phrase "bad blood among the two of them." The word "among" is used when referring to more than two entities, while "between" is used for two entities.
• Since the sentence refers to "the two of them," the correct word should be "between" instead of "among."
• Thus, the error is located in part C of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Sentence: "Given the nature of the problem, it was not unnatural for there to be bad blood between the two of them."

Additional Information

• A: "Given the nature of the problem," – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• B: "it was not unnatural for there to be" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• C: "bad blood among the two of them." – This is where the error lies due to the incorrect use of "among" instead of "between."
• D: No error – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part C.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The sentence "He emphasised the need for strict discipline and compliance among the newly-appointed staff" is grammatically correct in all its parts.
• "Emphasised the need for" is a standard and correct expression to indicate stressing the importance of something.
• "Strict discipline and compliance" correctly joins two abstract nouns with "and" to show two related requirements.
• "Among the newly-appointed staff" is an appropriate prepositional phrase showing the group to whom the requirement applies, and the use of "staff" as a collective noun here is correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4 (No error).

Correct Sentence: "He emphasised the need for strict discipline and compliance among the newly-appointed staff."

Additional Information

• 1: "He emphasised the need for" – This part is correct; it clearly states what he stressed or highlighted.
• 2: "strict discipline and compliance" – Both nouns are properly used and logically linked, indicating what is needed.
• 3: "among the newly-appointed staff" – This segment correctly shows the group concerned, and "staff" is correctly treated as a collective noun.
• 4: "No error" – This is the appropriate option because all three segments (1), (2) and (3) are grammatically sound.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The issue in the sentence lies in the phrase "less than twenty people" used in part (3).
• The word "less" is generally used with uncountable nouns, whereas "fewer" is used with countable nouns like "people."
• Since "people" is a countable noun, the correct expression should be "fewer than twenty people" instead of "less than twenty people."
• Thus, the grammatical error is in part (3) of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Correct Sentence: "The officer marvelled at the low attendance, remarking on the presence of fewer than twenty people at work."

Additional Information

• 1: "The officer marvelled" – This part is grammatically correct and clearly introduces the subject and verb.
• 2: "at the low attendance" – This segment is correct and logically completes the verb phrase "marvelled at."
• 3: "remarking on the presence of less than twenty people at work" – This contains the error; "less" should be replaced with "fewer" because "people" are countable.
• 4: "No error" – This option is incorrect because there is a clear error in part (3).

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The phrase "centred around" is incorrect. The correct phrase should be "centred on."
• The term "centred on" is more appropriate and widely accepted in formal English usage.
• Thus, the error is located in part B of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Correct Sentence: "The entire attention of the visiting dignitaries centred on the craftwork on display."

Additional Information

• A: "The entire attention of the visiting," – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• C: "the craftwork on display," – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• D: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part B.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The subject of the sentence is “A group of wayfaring tourists.”
• The main noun (head noun) is “group”, which is singular.
• The verb used is “has finally arrived”, which is singular and correctly agrees with the subject.
• The phrase “of wayfaring tourists” is a prepositional phrase and does not affect subject-verb agreement.
• Since there is no grammatical mistake in any part, the correct response is No error.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4 (No error).

Correct Sentence: “A group of wayfaring tourists who had trudged for hundreds of kilometres has finally arrived at the destination.”

Additional Information

• Part (A): “A group of wayfaring tourists” – Grammatically correct; “group” is the singular subject.
• Part (B): “who had trudged for hundreds of kilometres” – Correct use of past perfect tense.
• Part (C): “has finally arrived at the destination” – Correct singular verb agreeing with “group.”
• Part (D): No error – This is the correct choice because the sentence is grammatically accurate.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of "most favourite" in part (c).
• "Favourite" already indicates a superlative degree, so the use of "most" is redundant and incorrect.
• The correct phrase should be "favourite superstar".
• Thus, the error is located in part C of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Sentence: "The tumult among the gathered spectators rose to a crescendo upon the arrival of their favourite superstar."

Additional Information

• A: "The tumult among the gathered spectators" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• B: "rose to a crescendo" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• D: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part C.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the phrase "after meticulous care" in part (b).
• The correct preposition should be "with" rather than "after".
• The correct phrase to ensure grammatical correctness should be "with meticulous care".
• Thus, the error is located in part B of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Correct Sentence: "The listings on the menu that had been proffered by him were selected with meticulous care and discernment with regard to taste and preference."

Additional Information

• A: "The listings on the menu that had been proffered by him" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• C: "and discernment with regard to taste and preference." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• D: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part B.

The correct answer is 'every'.

Key Points

• The determiner "every" is the most appropriate choice for expressing a universal statement with negation.
• The sentence uses "not" to negate a universal claim, and "every" is the standard determiner used in this construction.
• Options 1, 3, and 4 are either grammatically awkward or change the intended meaning of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "Not every metal is necessarily solid in its natural state."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "each" is grammatically awkward in this context; "not each" is not a standard English construction.
• Option 3: "all" requires the construction "not all of the" or "not all the" in standard English, making it less natural here.
• Option 4: "any" changes the meaning entirely; "not any metal" would mean "no metal is solid," which is too absolute and factually incorrect.

The correct answer is 'several'.

Key Points

• The word "several" is a determiner used to indicate an indefinite number that is more than two but not many.
• In the context of office or administrative communication, "several occasions" is a standard phrase used to show that a reminder has been sent multiple times.
• "Several" correctly modifies the plural countable noun "occasions."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "The reminder has gone out on several occasions, requiring personnel to complete their personal files."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "further" usually refers to additional quantity or distance (e.g., further instructions), but "on further occasions" is less idiomatic here than "several."
• Option 3: "untold" refers to an amount too large to be counted or expressed; it is too hyperbolic for a formal office reminder.
• Option 4: "most" would require a definite article ("on most occasions") or would imply the majority of all possible occasions, which doesn't fit the context of a specific reminder being sent out.

The correct answer is 'with'.

Key Points

• The preposition "with" is used to indicate working alongside or in cooperation with someone.
• The sentence emphasizes teamwork and collaboration in the office, making "with" the most appropriate choice.
• Options 1, 2, and 4 do not fit the context of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Complete Sentence: "It is important for people to work with their co-workers in the office to ensure maximum productivity."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "for" is incorrect because it indicates benefit or purpose, which does not fit the context here.
• Option 2: "into" is incorrect because it indicates movement or transformation, which is not applicable.
• Option 4: "over" is incorrect because it implies superiority or position above, which does not align with the sentence.

The correct answer is 'whichever'.

Key Points

• The determiner "whichever" is used when a choice is being made from a limited or defined set of options.
• The phrase "from the collection available in the shop" indicates a specific, restricted group of shirts, making "whichever" the most precise choice.
• It functions here as a relative determiner, modifying the noun "shirt."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Complete Sentence: "You can choose whichever shirt you like from the collection available in the shop."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "whatever" is generally used for an unlimited range of choices. While common in casual speech, it is less formal than "whichever" when a specific collection is mentioned.
• Option 2: "whatsoever" is used for emphasis and usually appears in negative statements (e.g., "There is no choice whatsoever").
• Option 4: "which" is typically used to ask a question or would require a different structure, such as "which of the shirts."

The correct answer is 'both'.

Key Points

• The phrase "either or both" is a standard English idiom used to indicate a choice between one of two options or the two options together.
• In this context, "either" refers to one course, and "both" refers to taking the pair of courses together.
• Options 1, 2, and 3 do not grammatically complement "either or" in this specific sentence structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Complete Sentence: "Depending on your preference, you can choose to complete either or both courses being offered by the university."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "some" is incorrect because "either" specifically implies a choice between a limited set (usually two), making "some" illogical here.
• Option 2: "many" is incorrect because "either" cannot be paired with a plural quantifier like "many" in this correlative structure.
• Option 3: "any" is incorrect; while "any" refers to choice, the structure "either or any" is not a standard grammatical pairing for this context.

Solution:

The correct answer is 'Option (2)', i.e., 'Sentence 2 only'.

Key Points

• Dairy: A place where milk products are produced or sold (डेयरी).
• Example: They bought milk from the local dairy.
• Diary: A personal notebook used for recording events or thoughts (डायरी).
• Example: She wrote her thoughts in her diary.
• Dreary: Something dull, boring, or depressing (उदासीन).
• Example: The weather was dreary and cold.

The sentences provided:

1. She quietly stored all her sacred memories in her private dairy.
2. The proceedings of the meeting went on and on and were quite dreary.
3. They always bought their milk products from the local diary.

Analysis of sentences:

• Sentence 1: The word 'dairy' is incorrectly used instead of 'diary'.
• Sentence 2: The word 'dreary' is correctly used to describe the dull nature of the proceedings.
• Sentence 3: The word 'diary' is incorrectly used instead of 'dairy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is 'Option (3)' i.e. '2 and 3 only'.

Key points

• Braid: To weave strands together (like hair or rope); not used to mean reshaping or consolidating a river.
• Example: She braided her hair into a single plait.
• Usage check (Sentence 1): Incorrect — “braid the river” is a misuse. Engineers may dam, channelize, or divert a river, but not “braid” it.
• Beard: Facial hair on the chin and cheeks; “sport a beard” is a standard collocation.
• Example: Many philosophers are depicted with a thick beard.
• Usage check (Sentence 2): Correct — “Wise men… often sport a beard.”
• Brood: For birds, to sit on eggs to incubate them; also used for some species where males incubate.
• Example: The penguin will brood the egg through the winter.
• Usage check (Sentence 3): Correct — “males are known to brood the eggs” fits avian behavior in certain species.

Therefore, the correct answer is — 'Option (3)' (2 and 3 only).

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. '1 and 2 only'.

Key Points

• Lesion: A wound or abnormal change in body tissue (घाव या असामान्य परिवर्तन)
• Example: The scan of the affected area indicated the presence of a life-threatening lesion.
• Legion: A large number or group (बड़ी संख्या या समूह)
• Example: He had a legion of followers who hung on to his every word.
• Lesson: To reduce (कम करना)
• Example: It is important to lessen the burden of others as we venture through life. (The word 'lesson' is incorrectly used here, correct usage would be 'lessen')

The correct answer is 'Option (4)' i.e. 'Under extreme circumstances, the government can deport someone from a country.'

Key Points

• Depose: To remove someone from a position of power or authority (गद्दी से हटाना)
• Example: The king was deposed during the revolution.
• Deplore: To express strong disapproval of something (खेद प्रकट करना)
• Example: He deplored the lack of action taken by the authorities.
• Deport: To expel someone from a country, typically for legal reasons (देश से निर्वासित करना)
• Example: The authorities decided to deport the illegal immigrants.

In the given statements:

1. The word 'Depose' has been used incorrectly in Sentence 1. The appropriate usage would involve removing someone from a position of power.
2. The word 'Deplore' has been used incorrectly in Sentence 2. It doesn't fit the context of "enthusiastically declaring." This is contradictory to the meaning of deplore.
3. The word 'Deport' has been used correctly in Sentence 3, as it is about expelling someone from a country.

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Option 4'.

The correct answer is 'Option (1)' i.e. '1, 2 and 3'.

Key Points

• Bate: To hold back or restrain (दबाकर रखना)
• Example: Those who had gathered for the unveiling were asked to bate their curiosity.
• Bait: Something offered to tempt or attract (प्रलोभन)
• Example: They set the bait to capture the leopard for tagging.
• Bade: Past tense of bid; to say goodbye or command (विदा कहना या आदेश देना)
• Example: He reluctantly bade goodbye to his belongings.

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. 'Someone desperate to eavesdrop on a conversation'.

Key Points

• The idiom "Someone's ears are flapping" means trying very hard to listen to a conversation that is happening nearby, especially one that doesn't involve them. (किसी की बातें छिपकर सुनने के लिए उत्सुक होना)
• Example: I had to whisper when talking about the surprise party because I could see my little brother's ears flapping from the hallway.
• "Someone desperate to eavesdrop on a conversation" refers to a person who is extremely eager and trying hard to secretly listen to what others are saying. (किसी की बातचीत छिपकर सुनने के लिए बेताब व्यक्ति)
• Example: He stood silently behind the door, like someone desperate to eavesdrop on a conversation between his parents.
• Hence, we can infer that the meaning of the idiom 'Someone's ears are flapping' is 'Someone desperate to eavesdrop on a conversation'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Someone desperate to eavesdrop on a conversation.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Someone in a state of intense agitation (अत्यधिक उग्र अवस्था में कोई): A person who is extremely disturbed, nervous, or upset.
• Example: After hearing the bad news, he was pacing the room like someone in a state of intense agitation.
• Someone in a state of heightened excitement (अत्यधिक उत्तेजना की स्थिति में कोई): A person who is feeling very enthusiastic and eager.
• Example: The children waiting for the roller coaster ride looked like someone in a state of heightened excitement.
• Someone embarrassed at being caught in the act of lying (झूठ बोलते पकड़े जाने पर शर्मिंदा व्यक्ति): A person feeling ashamed because their falsehood was discovered.
• Example: His red face and stammering made him look exactly like someone embarrassed at being caught in the act of lying.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The idiom "Twist of the knife" is used to describe actions or words that make someone feel worse when they are already in a bad situation. (किसी की मुश्किल स्थिति को और बदतर बनाना)
• Example: After losing the match, his rival taunted him about his poor performance, which was truly a twist of the knife.
• In this context, the idiom signifies intentionally adding to someone's distress or misery.
• Hence, the correct meaning is: To make someone who is already feeling bad, feel worse with one's words or actions. (किसी को और अधिक दुखी करना जो पहले से ही परेशान है।)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Slicing through the difficulties that one faces in life (जीवन की कठिनाइयों को काटना)
• Example: She approached her challenges with determination, slicing through the difficulties effortlessly.
• Option 2: To accept defeat in the face of an enemy (दुश्मन के सामने हार स्वीकार करना)
• Example: The soldiers refused to accept defeat in the face of their enemy.
• Option 3: The last thrust of a difficult operation (कठिन ऑपरेशन का आखिरी प्रयास)
• Example: After hours of deliberation, the team made the last thrust to complete the project successfully.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The idiom "Blow your own trumpet" means to boast excessively about one’s own achievements or abilities. (अपनी उपलब्धियों का अत्यधिक बखान करना)
• Example: He never misses a chance to blow his own trumpet about his success in the business world.
• Boastful, which aligns with the meaning of the idiom, refers to speaking with pride about one’s accomplishments or qualities, often excessively. (डींग मारना)
• Example: She kept boasting about how she managed the project single-handedly.
• Hence, the most appropriate meaning of "Blow your own trumpet" is "Excessively boastful of one's own achievements".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Be very loud in company (किसी समूह में बहुत तेज आवाज में बोलना): Refers to someone speaking or behaving in a loud and noticeable manner in a group setting.
• Example: He was so loud in company that others felt uncomfortable.
• All sound and fury, signifying nothing (सब दिखावा और शोर, लेकिन वास्तव में कुछ नहीं): Refers to loud and passionate actions or words that ultimately have no value or meaning.
• Example: His speech was all sound and fury, signifying nothing.
• Be scathing in one's criticism of others (दूसरों की आलोचना में कठोर होना): Refers to being severely critical or harsh when judging others.
• Example: The critic was scathing in his review of the new movie.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. "To annoy or irritate someone intensely".

Key Points

• The idiom "Get under someone's skin" means to annoy or irritate someone intensely, often by being overly persistent or intrusive. (किसी को परेशान करना)
• Example: Her constant nagging really got under my skin.
• This idiom can also imply causing someone to feel strong emotions, but its primary meaning revolves around irritation or annoyance. (परेशानी महसूस कराना)
• Example: His smug attitude gets under my skin every time we talk.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: To fall intensely in love with someone (किसी के साथ गहराई से प्यार करना): This refers to developing strong romantic feelings for someone.
• Example: He fell under her spell and got intensely in love with her.
• Option 2: To cause intense liking in someone (किसी में गहरी पसंद उत्पन्न करना): This means making someone like you a lot.
• Example: His sense of humor caused intense liking among his peers.
• Option 3: To understand someone completely (किसी को पूरी तरह समझना): This means to grasp someone's thoughts, feelings, or motivations fully.
• Example: Only his best friend truly got under his skin and understood him completely.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The idiom "Many hands make light work" means that when multiple people contribute to a task, it becomes easier and faster to complete. (जब कई लोग एक काम में योगदान देते हैं, तो वह काम आसान और जल्दी पूरा हो जाता है।)
• Example: Cleaning up after the party became much faster because everyone pitched in. Truly, many hands make light work.
• The correct explanation of this idiom is that teamwork or collective effort can significantly ease the burden of any task. (सामूहिक प्रयास किसी भी काम का बोझ कम कर सकता है।)
• Example: Organizing the event seemed impossible for one person, but with everyone helping, it was done in no time.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: "Many people working together can light a new path" (कई लोग मिलकर एक नया रास्ता दिखा सकते हैं।)
• Example: This option implies innovation or creating something new, which is not the meaning of the idiom.
• Option 3: "Many people working together can make work non-serious" (कई लोग मिलकर काम को गंभीर नहीं बना सकते।)
• Example: This option incorrectly suggests that teamwork makes tasks less serious, which is unrelated to the idiom's meaning.
• Option 4: "Workers light up the work they undertake" (कार्यकर्ता अपने कार्य को प्रकाशित करते हैं।)
• Example: This option conveys a metaphorical meaning of inspiration, which is not the essence of the idiom.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The proverb "A bird in hand is worth two in the bush" means that what we currently have is more valuable than what we might gain in the future, as the latter is uncertain. (जो हमारे पास है, वह अधिक मूल्यवान है क्योंकि भविष्य में मिलने वाली चीज़ अनिश्चित है।)
• Example: He decided not to leave his steady job for the risky new opportunity, as he believed that a bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
• In this context, the correct interpretation aligns with Option 2: "What we have is always more valuable than what we have a chance of getting." (जो हमारे पास है, वह अधिक मूल्यवान है, बजाय इसके कि हमें कुछ पाने का मौका मिले।)
• Example: Instead of gambling his savings for a big win, he chose to keep the money safe, realizing that a bird in hand is worth two in the bush.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: What's hidden is always a matter of speculation (जो छिपा हुआ है वह हमेशा अटकलों का विषय होता है।)
• Example: The mystery behind his absence remained unsolved, as what's hidden is always a matter of speculation.
• Option 3: A gift is always better kept close to oneself (उपहार को हमेशा अपने पास रखना बेहतर होता है।)
• Example: She believed that a gift is always better kept close to oneself, so she decided to treasure her grandmother's ring forever.
• Option 4: What can happen is always better than what has happened (जो हो सकता है, वह हमेशा बेहतर होता है कि जो हो चुका है।)
• Example: He is optimistic and believes that what can happen is always better than what has already happened.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The idiom "Make heavy weather" means to unnecessarily create difficulty in dealing with a task or situation; it refers to exaggerating the effort required for something simple. (एक सरल कार्य को अनावश्यक रूप से कठिन बनाना)
• Example: He made heavy weather of assembling the furniture, even though the instructions were clear.
• The correct meaning of the idiom is "Unnecessarily create difficulty in dealing with a task". (काम को अनावश्यक रूप से कठिन बनाना)
• Example: The team made heavy weather of the project, which could have been completed in half the time.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Cloud seeding (क्लाउड सीडिंग): The process of artificially modifying weather conditions to induce rainfall.
• Example: Scientists are studying the effects of cloud seeding to combat drought.
• Option 2: To pollute the air (हवा को प्रदूषित करना): Refers to contaminating the air with harmful substances.
• Example: Factories that do not use proper filters often pollute the air in surrounding areas.
• Option 3: To complain about wet and rainy conditions (गीले और बारिश के मौसम के बारे में शिकायत करना): Refers to expressing dissatisfaction with rainy or damp weather.
• Example: He always complains about wet and rainy conditions during the monsoon season.

The correct answer is: Option (3) Keep a problem under wraps in the hope that it will be forgotten.

Key Points

• The idiom "Sweep under the carpet" means to conceal or ignore a problem instead of dealing with it, hoping it will be forgotten. (समस्या को छिपाना या अनदेखा करना)
• Example: The company tried to sweep the financial irregularities under the carpet instead of addressing them.
• Correct meaning: Keep a problem under wraps in the hope that it will be forgotten. (समस्या को छिपाकर रखना ताकि लोग उसे भूल जाएं)
• Example: Instead of fixing the leaking roof, the landlord swept the issue under the carpet, hoping tenants wouldn’t notice.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option (3).

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option (3) Keep a problem under wraps in the hope that it will be forgotten.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option (1) Maintain secrecy under any circumstance (किसी भी परिस्थिति में गोपनीयता बनाए रखना)
• Example: The spy maintained secrecy under any circumstance to protect national security.
• Option (2) Hide from general view (सामान्य दृष्टि से छिपाना)
• Example: He hid the old painting from general view in the attic.
• Option (4) Do a quick clean up job (जल्दी से सफाई करना)
• Example: Before the guests arrived, she did a quick clean up job of the living room.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The idiom "A purple patch" refers to a period of great success or good fortune. (एक शानदार सफलता या भाग्यशाली समय)
• Example: After struggling for years, the author finally hit a purple patch and wrote several bestsellers.
• Correct Explanation: A purple patch refers to a time when someone experiences a streak of success or good luck. (एक ऐसा समय जब किसी व्यक्ति को लगातार सफलता या भाग्य मिलता है।)
• Example: The cricket team is currently in a purple patch, winning all their recent matches with ease.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: A beautiful valley of flowers (फूलों की एक सुंदर घाटी): This refers to a scenic area filled with flowers, unrelated to the idiom.
• Example: The Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand is a beautiful valley of flowers.
• Option 2: The final bloom of the season (मौसम का अंतिम फूल): This means the last flowers that bloom before the season ends, which is incorrect here.
• Example: The gardener was sad to see the final bloom of the season.
• Option 4: A bodily discolouration related to heredity (वंशानुगत शरीर का रंग बदलना): This refers to a medical condition or hereditary discolouration, which is unrelated to the idiom.
• Example: The doctor mentioned that the purple patch on her skin was hereditary.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The idiom "Put out to pasture" means to retire someone from their job or render them redundant, often due to old age or the perception that they are no longer useful. (सेवानिवृत्त करना या अप्रासंगिक बनाना)
• Example: After 30 years of dedicated service, Mr. Sharma was put out to pasture by the company.
• In contrast, the phrase "To retire or render redundant" aligns perfectly with the meaning of the idiom, as it implies ending someone's active role due to circumstances like aging or perceived lack of productivity. (सेवानिवृत्त करना या अप्रासंगिक ठहराना)
• Example: The old equipment was put out to pasture as new, advanced machinery took its place in the factory.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: To feed someone (किसी को खाना खिलाना): It means to provide food to someone.
• Example: The mother bird feeds her chicks every morning.
• Option 3: To diminish importance (महत्व को कम करना): It refers to reducing the significance or value of something.
• Example: The new policy diminished the importance of small businesses in the economy.
• Option 4: To incubate (इन्क्यूबेट करना): It means to keep something in a controlled environment to develop, especially eggs or bacteria.
• Example: The scientist incubated the cells to study their growth patterns.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The term "contradicts" means to assert the opposite of a statement or to be in conflict with it. (विरोधाभास करना)
• Example: The evidence presented in court contradicts the defendant's earlier statement.
• Here, the second sentence suggests that successive failures are not necessarily successive stepping stones to success. This negates or opposes the idea conveyed in the first sentence, which says failure is a stepping stone to success.
• Hence, the second sentence contradicts the wisdom of the first sentence. (यह विरोधाभास करता है)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Contrasts (विपरीतता दिखाना): To compare two things in a way that highlights their differences, rather than opposing or negating them.
• Example: The vibrant colors of the flowers contrast beautifully with the dull gray walls.
• Option 3: Confirms (पुष्टि करना): To establish the truth or correctness of something.
• Example: The manager confirmed that the meeting would take place as scheduled.
• Option 4: Qualifies (सीमित करना या योग्य बनाना): To modify, limit, or add conditions to a statement or situation.
• Example: The statement was qualified with additional details to clarify its meaning.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "contradicts" means to assert the opposite of a statement or idea, or to deny its truth. It suggests disagreement or incompatibility. (विरोध करना)
• Example: Her statement contradicts the evidence provided by the witnesses.
• "Corroborates" refers to the act of confirming or supporting a statement or theory with additional evidence or facts. (समर्थन करना)
• Example: The fingerprints found at the scene corroborated the suspect's confession.
• Hence, we can infer that 'contradicts' is the correct word to describe the relationship between the two sentences, as S2 denies or challenges the truth of S1.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Corroborates (समर्थन करना): Suggests agreement or support for the first sentence.
• Example: The witness corroborates the defendant's alibi.
• Option 3: Correlates (संबंधित करना): Implies a mutual relationship or connection between the two sentences.
• Example: The increase in sales correlates with the rise in marketing efforts.
• Option 4: Coincides (समान होना): Indicates that the two sentences occur at the same time or agree completely.
• Example: The festival coincides with the harvest season.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The phrase "establishes limits" refers to defining boundaries or constraints regarding a particular assertion or concept. (सीमाओं को स्थापित करना)
• Example: The study establishes limits on what can be achieved with the current technology.
• In this context, the second sentence ("There can be no knowledge of what existed before the Big Bang") does not contradict or explain the first sentence but instead places a limitation on the claim made in the first sentence ("The origin of the universe has been traced to the Big Bang").
• Therefore, the second sentence qualifies the first by highlighting the boundaries of our understanding.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Contradicts the assertion made in the first (पहले दिए गए कथन का खंडन करना): This means that the second sentence directly opposes or refutes the first.
• Example: If the second sentence had stated, "The universe did not originate from the Big Bang," it would contradict the first sentence.
• Option 2: Explains the basis behind the first (पहले के पीछे का आधार समझाना): This means that the second sentence provides a reason or rationale for the assertion made in the first.
• Example: "The Big Bang is considered the origin of the universe because of the cosmic microwave background radiation" would explain the basis of the first sentence.
• Option 4: Confirms the assertion made in the first (पहले दिए गए कथन की पुष्टि करना): This means that the second sentence reinforces or supports the claim made in the first.
• Example: "Scientific evidence supports the theory of the Big Bang as the origin of the universe" would confirm the first statement.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "Reiterates" means to repeat something for emphasis or clarity. It refers to the act of saying or doing something again to reinforce a point. (दोहराना)
• Example: The teacher reiterated the importance of submitting assignments on time.
• "Annuls" refers to officially declaring something invalid or void, typically in legal or formal contexts. (निरस्त करना)
• Example: The court annulled the marriage due to lack of proper documentation.
• The first sentence (S1) states that the highest clouds are the most fascinating, while the second sentence (S2) supports this idea by explaining that we are most drawn to things beyond our reach. This reiterates the axiom in S1.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Annuls (निरस्त करना): This means to invalidate or cancel something formally.
• Example: The government annulled the outdated law to introduce a new one.
• Option 3: Contradicts (विरोध करना): This refers to stating the opposite of what is said or denying a statement.
• Example: His actions contradict his earlier statements about honesty.
• Option 4: Contrasts (विपरीत दिखाना): To compare two things to highlight their differences.
• Example: The bright colors of her dress contrast sharply with the dull background.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "correlates" means to have a mutual relationship or connection in which one thing affects or depends on another. (संबंधित होना)
• Example: A high level of education often correlates with better job opportunities.
• Here, S2 ("The two-stroke engine has been phased out to protect the environment") is related to S1 ("A four-stroke engine is more efficient than a two-stroke engine") because the environmental concerns associated with two-stroke engines support the point that four-stroke engines are more efficient and environmentally friendly. (दोनों वाक्य एक दूसरे से संबंधित हैं।)
• Hence, the second sentence correlates to the first sentence in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Contradicts (विरोधाभास करना): To assert the opposite of what is stated; to go against something.
• Example: His actions contradict his words as he promised to help but never showed up.
• Contrasts (विपरीत दिखाना): To compare in such a way as to emphasize differences.
• Example: The bright colors of the painting contrast sharply with the dark frame.
• Confirms (पुष्टि करना): To establish the truth or correctness of something.
• Example: The scientist’s findings confirm the earlier hypothesis.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. "provides additional information to what is contained in the first."

Key Points

• The statement "provides additional information" means that the second sentence gives more relevant details that complement or enhance the first sentence without contradicting it. (अतिरिक्त जानकारी प्रदान करता है)
• Example: S1: Lions are known as the king of the jungle. S2: Tigers, another big cat, are also apex predators.
• In this question, S2 adds information about another bird, i.e., the Great Indian Bustard, which is the state bird of Rajasthan, enhancing the context of national and state birds.
• Example: S1: The peacock is India’s national bird. S2: The Great Indian Bustard is the state bird of Rajasthan.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Provides contradictory information (विरोधाभासी जानकारी प्रदान करता है): This means the second sentence conflicts with or opposes the information in the first sentence.
• Example: S1: The peacock is India’s national bird. S2: The peacock is not India’s national bird.
• Option 3: Provides less information (कम जानकारी प्रदान करता है): This means the second sentence gives less detail or is incomplete compared to the first sentence.
• Example: S1: The peacock is India’s national bird. S2: The peacock is a bird.
• Option 4: Provides escalatory information (उत्तरोत्तर जानकारी प्रदान करता है): This means the second sentence intensifies or builds on the first sentence with more specific or advanced details.
• Example: S1: The peacock is India’s national bird. S2: It is worshipped in India and holds cultural significance.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "contradicts" means to assert the opposite of a statement made by someone or something; it involves expressing or implying the denial of something. (विरोध करना)
• Example: The witness contradicted the defendant's story, stating that they were not present at the scene of the incident.
• In the context of the question, the second sentence directly opposes the first statement. While the first sentence suggests that field games are generally more popular than individual sports, the second sentence mentions that an individual sport (tennis) is more popular than a field game (hockey).
• Example: "Field games are generally more popular than individual sports" is contradicted by "Across the world, tennis is more popular than hockey."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Reiterates (पुनः पुष्टि करना): To say something again, often for emphasis or clarity.
• Example: The teacher reiterated the instructions to ensure everyone understood them.
• Contrasts with (विरोधाभास): To compare in a way that highlights differences.
• Example: The bright colors of the flowers contrasted with the dull, gray sky.
• Reinforces (मजबूत बनाना): To strengthen or support an idea, feeling, or situation.
• Example: The statistics reinforce the claim that education is key to economic growth.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "correlates" means to have a mutual relationship or connection, where one thing directly corresponds or is linked to another. (आपस में संबंधित होना)
• Example: In studies, researchers often find that exercise correlates with improved mental health.
• "Contrasts" refers to showing differences between two things, often highlighting opposite qualities. (विरोधाभास)
• Example: The lush greenery of the forest contrasts sharply with the barren urban landscape.
• Hence, the second sentence in the question is connected to the first sentence in terms of its mutual relationship between ecological recovery and environmental degradation caused by urbanization.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Disputes (विवाद करना): Disputing implies arguing against or challenging the truth or validity of something.
• Example: The witness disputed the claims made by the defendant in court.
• Option 3: Contrasts (विरोधाभास): Contrasts highlight differences between two subjects.
• Example: The dark clouds contrasted with the bright sunlight streaming through gaps.
• Option 4: Contradicts (विरोध करना): Contradicting means asserting the opposite or denying the truth of a statement.
• Example: His actions contradict his earlier promises to protect the environment.

The correct answer is: Option 1, i.e., "corroborates the first".

Key Points

• The word "corroborate" means to confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding. (पुष्टि करना)
• Example: The witness's statement corroborated the evidence presented in court.
• The word "dispute" refers to disagreement or questioning the truth of something. (विवाद करना)
• Example: The two parties disputed the ownership of the property.
• Hence, we can infer that the second sentence "The Indian diaspora is a model of success across the world" supports and strengthens the first sentence by providing evidence of Indian emigration leading to successful outcomes.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Disputes the first (पहले को विवादित करता है): Indicates disagreement or contradiction with the first sentence.
• Example: If S2 stated "The Indian diaspora has faced numerous challenges with little success," it would dispute S1.
• Option 3: Is a logical consequence of the first (पहले का तार्किक परिणाम है): Indicates that S2 follows logically from S1.
• Example: S2 could be: "This emigration has led to cultural exchange and increased global influence of India."
• Option 4: Has no logical dependence on the first (पहले पर कोई तार्किक निर्भरता नहीं है): Indicates no connection between the two sentences.
• Example: If S2 stated "The Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world," it would have no logical dependence on S1.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'contrasts with the first'.

Key Points

• S1: "Bottled water is safer than tap water." This sentence makes an assertion that tap water is less safe or potentially harmful compared to bottled alternatives.
• S2: "In many countries tap water is fed to babies." This sentence presents a factual practice. Since babies are the most vulnerable demographic regarding health and hygiene, feeding them tap water implies the water is of high safety standards.
• The second sentence (S2) contrasts with the first (S1) because it provides an example of tap water being trusted for the most sensitive use-case, which contradicts the idea that it is "less safe" than bottled water.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'contrasts with the first'.

Additional Information

• Option 1. asserts the first: This would mean the second sentence reinforces the claim that bottled water is safer, which it does not.
• Option 2. confirms the first: Similar to assertion, this would require S2 to prove S1 is true.
• Option 4. is an extension of the first: An extension would add more details about why bottled water is safer, rather than shifting the focus to the safety of tap water for babies.

The correct answer is Option (1) i.e. QPRS

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "the suggestions received from the field," which is correctly indicated by part (Q).
• Following the subject, "and the outcome in cases selected in prior years" (P) continues the logical sequence, providing additional context.
• The next part, "formations are reviewed by a cross-functional committee" is indicated by (R), explaining the process.
• Ending with "to refine the scenarios and parameters" (S) completes the sentence with the purpose of the review.

Therefore, the correct answer is QPRS.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (PQRS): This option starts with "and the outcome in cases selected in prior years the suggestions received from the field," which makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.
• Option 3 (SQPR): This option starts with "to refine the scenarios and parameters and the suggestions received from the field," which disrupts the logical flow of the sentence.
• Option 4 (RSQP): This option starts with "formations are reviewed by a cross-functional committee to refine the scenarios and parameters the suggestions received," which creates a fragmented sentence structure.

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. RPQS

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "The various categories of water," which is correctly indicated by part (R).
• Following the subject, "pollution control equipment broadly include" (RP) continues the logical sequence, making it clear what is being included.
• The next part, "wastewater treatment plants," starts specifying the equipment involved, indicated by (P).
• Ending with "drinking water treatment plants and effluent treatment plants" (QS) completes the sentence by listing the remaining equipment.

Therefore, the correct answer is RPQS.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (PQRS): This option starts with "pollution control equipment broadly include wastewater treatment plants, drinking water treatment plants and effluent treatment plants." This sequence does not logically introduce the subject first.
• Option 2 (QSRP): This option starts with "include wastewater treatment plants drinking water treatment plants and the various categories of water pollution control equipment broadly." This sequence is confusing and lacks clarity.
• Option 4 (SRQP): This option starts with "drinking water treatment plants and effluent treatment plants the various categories of water include wastewater treatment plants pollution control equipment broadly." This sequence creates a fragmented sentence.

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. SQRP

Key Points

• The sentence begins with "some new composite criteria of classification" (S), establishing the subject clearly.
• Next, "were notified in 2020" (Q) provides the key timing and action, forming a complete main clause (SQ).
• Following this, "with guidelines to" (R) introduces the purpose logically.
• Ending with "facilitate the present and prospective entrepreneurs for manufacturing and service units" (P) completes the sentence by specifying the objective.

Therefore, the correct answer is SQRP.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (RPQS): Starts with "facilitate the present... were notified," creating an illogical action-before-event sequence.
• Option 2 (SQPR): Ends abruptly with "entrepreneurs," missing "for manufacturing and service units" connection.
• Option 4 (QSPR): Begins with "for manufacturing... criteria," resulting in fragmented grammar.

The correct answer is Option (4) i.e. SQRP

Key Points

• The sentence begins with "the policy seeks to educate and" (S), establishing the main subject and intent of the policy.
• Next, "equip potential entrepreneurs, both within and" (Q) logically continues the policy's goal of equipping entrepreneurs from diverse backgrounds.
• Then, "outside the formal education system" (R) specifies the scope, including those beyond formal education.
• Finally, "in the entrepreneurship domain" (P) completes the thought by focusing on the specific area of entrepreneurship.

Therefore, the correct answer is SQRP.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (PQRS): Starts with "outside the formal education system the policy seeks," which disrupts the subject-verb flow and lacks context.
• Option 2 (SRPQ): Begins "in the entrepreneurship domain the policy seeks," creating an illogical start without proper subject introduction.
• Option 3 (RSQP): Leads with "outside the formal education system equip," forming a fragmented phrase without a clear subject.

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. RPQS

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject: "National Skill Development Corporation under the aegis of MSDE has been," which is correctly indicated by part (R).
• Following the subject, "organizing Rozgar Melas across the nation for," (RP) continues the logical sequence, explaining the action being undertaken.
• The next part, "providing suitable job opportunities in the private sector to the youth," indicated by (Q), adds further clarity to the purpose of Rozgar Melas.
• Ending with, "to give impetus to the employment initiatives in the country," (S) completes the sentence by stating the ultimate objective of the initiative.

Therefore, the correct answer is RPQS.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (SRQP): This option starts with "to give impetus to the employment initiatives in the country," which creates a sentence that is incomplete and grammatically incorrect.
• Option 2 (PQSR): This option starts with "providing suitable job opportunities in the private sector to the youth," which disrupts the logical flow and misses the subject.
• Option 4 (QSPR): This option starts with "providing suitable job opportunities in the private sector to the youth to give impetus," which creates a fragmented sentence structure.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. QPSR.

Key Points

• The sentence starts with Part Q, "India is moving from women's development," which sets the subject and the initial premise of the transition. (भारत महिला विकास से आगे बढ़ रहा है)
• Example: The nation is moving from traditional methods to digital solutions.
• The phrase "moving from... to..." requires Part P to follow, "to women-led development and the dream of New India," completing the directional shift. (महिला नेतृत्व वाले विकास और न्यू इंडिया के सपने की ओर)
• Example: We are transitioning from a passive role to an active leadership position.
• Part S, "is where women are empowered, strong," acts as a descriptive clause defining the 'New India' mentioned in the previous part. (जहाँ महिलाएँ सशक्त और मजबूत हैं)
• Example: A successful society is where every citizen has equal rights.
• Finally, Part R, "and an equal partner in the country's overall development," concludes the sentence by adding a final attribute to the role of women. (और देश के समग्र विकास में एक समान भागीदार हैं)
• Example: Education makes a person a wise thinker and a responsible citizen.
• Therefore, the correct answer is- QPSR.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings:

• Option 1 (QPRS): Incorrect because Part R cannot logically follow Part P without the qualifying description found in Part S. (तार्किक क्रम का अभाव)
• Option 3 (SQPR): Incorrect because the sentence cannot start with "is where" without a preceding subject or context. (अधूरा वाक्य विन्यास)
• Option 4 (PSRQ): Incorrect as it starts with a prepositional phrase "to women-led..." which lacks a proper introductory main clause. (मुख्य उपवाक्य की कमी)

The correct answer is Option (4) i.e. QPSR

Key Points

• Start with (Q): "Ujjwala 2.0 was launched in 2021" sets the subject and timeframe clearly.
• Follow with (P): "to provide additional one crore LPG" begins the purpose clause right after the main clause.
• Then (S): "connections to adult women of poor" completes the object, linking LPG with its beneficiaries.
• End with (R): "households under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana" finalizes the noun phrase and specifies the scheme.

Therefore, the correct sequence is QPSR, forming: “Ujjwala 2.0 was launched in 2021 to provide additional one crore LPG connections to adult women of poor households under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.”

Additional Information

• Option 1 (QSRP): Places "connections to adult women of poor" before completing the purpose, causing a disjointed structure and delaying the scheme specification.
• Option 2 (SRPQ): Starts with a fragmentary object ("connections…") without a main clause, making the sentence ungrammatical until later.
• Option 3 (PSQR): Begins with the infinitive clause "to provide…" but lacks an introductory subject, resulting in a dangling purpose clause.

The correct answer is Option (2) i.e. QRSP

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "environmental impact assessment", correctly indicated by part (Q).
• Following the subject, "is a planning tool to integrate environmental" (R) provides the main verb and predicate, establishing the function of EIA.
• Next comes "concerns into the developmental" indicated by (S), which logically continues the object of integration.
• Ending with "process from the initial stage of planning" (P) completes the prepositional phrase, specifying the scope and timing.

Therefore, the correct answer is QRSP, forming: "Environmental impact assessment is a planning tool to integrate environmental concerns into the developmental process from the initial stage of planning."

Additional Information

• Option 1 (QSRP): Places the noun "environmental impact assessment" first but follows with a fragment ("concerns into the developmental") before introducing the verb, resulting in an ungrammatical start.
• Option 3 (SPQR): Begins with a prepositional fragment ("concerns into the developmental"), lacking a subject-verb foundation and leading to incoherence.
• Option 4 (QPSR): Interrupts the predicate with a long prepositional phrase before completing the object, breaking natural flow and readability.

The correct answer is Option (1) i.e. QPRS

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the part Q, "hours of content are shown in a way," which introduces the subject of the sentence.
• Following this, P, "that may push the viewers," logically connects to Q, explaining the impact of the content shown.
• The next part, R, "think that they are watching a," continues the logical sequence by describing the viewers' perception.
• Finally, S, "programme rather than an advertisement," completes the sentence by clarifying what the viewers might think.

Therefore, the correct answer is QPRS.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (SQPR): This option starts with "programme rather than an advertisement hours of content are shown," which makes the sentence grammatically incorrect and illogical.
• Option 3 (SQRP): This option starts with "programme rather than an advertisement think that they are watching a," which creates a fragmented sentence lacking flow.
• Option 4 (RSQP): This option starts with "think that they are watching a programme rather than an advertisement hours of content are shown," which disrupts the logical sequence.

The correct answer is Option (1) i.e. RSPQ

Key Points

• The sentence begins with "The Ministry extends financial support to individuals," which is correctly indicated by part (R).
• Following the subject, "group of individuals and cultural organisations" (S) continues the idea, explaining whom the Ministry supports.
• The next part, "engaged in performing visual and literary arts" (P) describes the type of individuals or organisations the Ministry supports.
• Ending with "in the field of intangible heritage" (Q) completes the sentence by specifying the area of focus for the Ministry's support.

Therefore, the correct answer is RSPQ.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (QPSR): This option starts with "in the field of intangible heritage engaged in performing visual and literary arts," which creates an incomplete and disconnected sentence.
• Option 3 (RQPS): This option starts with "The Ministry extends financial support to individuals in the field of intangible heritage," but it disrupts the logical flow of describing whom the Ministry supports.
• Option 4 (PSQR): This option starts with "engaged in performing visual and literary arts in the field of intangible heritage," which eliminates the subject and leads to a confusing sentence structure.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Sentence R comes first because it directly refers to “the united stream,” which logically follows S1 where the union of the two streams is mentioned.
• "The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts."
• Sentence S follows as it provides additional physical details about the headstreams of the river.
• "The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky."
• Sentence P is placed next because it describes the nature and flow of the river.
• "The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains."
• Sentence Q comes last as it provides historical information about how the river was dammed, which naturally leads to S6 about its historic significance.
• "The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city."
• The correct sequence is RSPQ.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"The Tungabhadra is the chief tributary of the Krishna formed by the union, near Kudali, of the two streams Tunga and Bhadra. The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts. The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky. The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains. The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city. The Tungabhadra has served as a historic natural frontier right through the centuries."

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The paragraph discusses the political shift in 1917 Russia and the Bolsheviks' reaction.
• Sentence P comes first as it directly provides the immediate reaction to the replacement of Prince Lvov mentioned in S1: "However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks."
• Sentence R follows to introduce the Bolshevik leader, Lenin, explaining his status during the revolution: "When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland."
• Sentence S is next because the pronoun 'He' refers to 'Lenin' introduced in sentence R, establishing chronological and grammatical flow: "He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky."
• Sentence Q comes last as it defines the specific political goals of the revolutionaries (Soviet system) which links directly into the historical context of Soviets mentioned in S6.
• The correct sequence is PRSQ.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"In July 1917, Prince Lvov was replaced by a socialist revolutionary Alexander Kerensky as the head of the provisional government. However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks. When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland. He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky. The revolutionaries did not want a parliamentary republic nor a bourgeois democracy but rather they wanted a soviet of workers, soldiers, and labourers. In Russia the Soviets have been in existence since 1905, and the Soviet system played a especially important role under the Provisional Government."

The correct answer is 'PRSQ'.

Key Points

• S1 introduces the topic: the history of India's struggle for freedom as an "enthralling" story.
• P follows S1 immediately because it uses the pronoun "It" to refer back to the "history/struggle" and explains why it is enthralling (it has drama and excitement of an epic tale).
• R connects directly to P by using the phrase "As in epics," expanding on the nature of this struggle by mentioning heroism and sacrifice.
• S provides further details of the content of these historical accounts (loyalty, allegiance, and high ideals).
• Q introduces a contrast using "And yet," shifting from the exciting nature of the story to the dry way it is presented in textbooks. This leads perfectly into S6, which suggests a "more vibrant retelling" is needed.

Therefore, the correct sequence is Option 4 (PRSQ).

Complete Sentence: "The history of India's struggle for freedom is an enthralling one. It has all the drama and excitement of an epic tale. As in epics, heroism was often accompanied by extreme sacrifice. Accounts of this period are loaded with tales of loyalty, allegiance, high ideals and peaceful protests. And yet, in most history textbooks, what students encounter are facts, figures, names and numbers. A more vibrant retelling is perhaps required of this tumultuous period of our history."

Additional Information

• To solve jumbled sentences (Sentence Rearrangement), look for pronoun antecedents (like "It" in P referring to "history" in S1).
• Identify keyword repetitions (the word "epic" connects P and R).
• Look for transition words (like "And yet" in Q) which indicate a shift in thought or a conclusion that ties into the final sentence (S6).

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. RSQP.

Key Points

• The passage is about Louis XVI’s accession and the financial crisis in France leading up to his reign and policies.
• Sentence R comes first after S1 because it directly follows the marriage information with the fact that Louis XVI ascended the throne in 1774, maintaining clear chronological order:
• “In 1774, Louis XVI ascended the throne of France at the age of 20.”
• Sentence S follows as it introduces the general financial condition of France, giving background to the economic situation Louis XVI inherited:
• “Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France.”
• Sentence Q comes next because it specifies the immediate war before his ascension and quantifies the debt, logically elaborating on the financial strain mentioned in S:
• “The ascension was preceded by a war that added more than a billion livre to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livre.”
• Sentence P is the fourth as it describes the consequence of this heavy debt in terms of lenders increasing interest rates, completing the picture of the financial crisis:
• “Furthermore, lenders, who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 per cent interest on loans.”
• The correct sequence is therefore RSQP, which fits smoothly between S1 and S6 and maintains both logical and chronological coherence.

Coherent passage after rearrangement:

“S1: Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of Kings married the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette in 1770. In 1774, Louis XVI ascended the throne of France at the age of 20. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. The ascension was preceded by a war that added more than a billion livre to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livre. Furthermore, lenders, who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 per cent interest on loans. S6: Remarkably nevertheless, under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from Britain.”

The correct answer is 'QPRS'.

Key Points

• S1 introduces Montesquieu as a great philosopher.
• Q follows S1 by introducing his famous work, The Spirit of the Laws, and his core theory of the separation of powers into three branches (Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary).
• P explains his vision for social power distribution, specifically how that power should be shared between the king, the nobles, and the Third Estate.
• R builds on the idea of power-sharing by introducing the mechanism of "checks and balances" to prevent any single class from becoming too dominant.
• S provides the logical result of this system: the prevention of tyranny and the safeguarding of individual liberty. The phrase "If this was done" in S refers back to the implementation of the constitution mentioned in R.
• S6 concludes by noting his preference for a constitutional monarchy modelled after the English system.

Therefore, the correct sequence is Option 3 (QPRS).

Complete Sentence: "Montesquieu was a great philosopher of his time. In his book The Spirit of the Laws, he propagated the theory of separating powers into three branches of government the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary. He wanted power to be shared between the king, the nobles, and the Third Estate. To prevent any one of the three classes from becoming too powerful, Montesquieu suggested the making of a new constitution based on checks and balances. If this was done, he argued, there would be no tyranny and the liberty of the individual could be safeguarded. He supported constitutional monarchy in France like the English one."

Additional Information

• Logical Progression: Always look for a flow from a general theory (Q: Separation of Powers) to specific implementation (R: Checks and Balances).
• Pronoun/Demonstrative Links: In sentence S, the phrase "If this was done" is a crucial link that must follow the proposal of a specific action (making a new constitution in R).
• Chronological/Work Intro: It is standard in biographical passages to introduce a person's major work (The Spirit of the Laws) early in the sequence.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. RPQS

Key Points

• R comes first as it signals a shift from the general statement in S1 to specific documented instances in England, aligning the reader’s expectations.
• P follows by defining the nature of the glaciation effect (disruption of drainage), establishing the thematic lens for the examples.
• Q is next because it describes the pre-glaciation drainage of the Midlands (Coventry/Warwick area) by the River Soar, setting the baseline.
• S concludes the example with the glaciation phase, where northern ice occupied the Soar and Trent valleys, preparing for S6’s outcome (the proglacial lake).

Coherent sequence within the passage:

S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition. R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England. P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared. Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham. S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e. SQRP.

Key Points

• S logically follows S1 by providing concrete examples of how different types of deposits (coal, sandstone, morainic materials) reflect varied climatic conditions, reinforcing the idea that rocks and deposits are key evidence.
• Q introduces a necessary caution: due to continental drift, climatic interpretations based on latitude must be made carefully. This adds nuance to the evidence mentioned in S and P.
• R begins with “Nevertheless,” signaling a contrast or conclusion. It emphasizes a key finding: the poles were ice-free for most of Earth’s history, despite the complexities mentioned in Q.
• P then zooms in on polar sediments and fossils, reinforcing the insight from R and smoothly transitioning into S6, which summarizes the broader implication about warm climatic conditions.

Therefore, the correct sequence is SQRP.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves. We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes. Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet. Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down. In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The correct sequence of the sentences is RSPQ. This order creates a logical and coherent flow about how dominant life forms shift across geological periods.
• Sentence R comes first, explaining that within each period, natural selection leads to adaptive experiments and occasional breakthroughs to new systems.
• Sentence S follows, highlighting that each breakthrough depends on previous developments, making evolution a progressive process.
• Sentence P then details the conditions necessary for such shifts—opportunity, access, and adaptation.
• Sentence Q completes the sequence by describing the characteristic rapidity of these shifts and their aftermath, giving the example of life emerging on land.
• This sequence (RSPQ) fits naturally between the given S1 and S6, maintaining the passage’s logical progression.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

Every geological period has been dominated by one particular form of life; as conditions changed to those of a new period, different types of organisms emerged into dominance. Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period. Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive. Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation. Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone -for example, with the emergence of life on land. The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph begins by introducing the primary source of energy for Earth's processes, the sun, and explains how this energy is transmitted and absorbed.
• Sentence P is the first in the sequence as it describes the transmission of the sun's rays in various wavelengths.
• Sentence S follows because it defines the term "insolation," which refers to the radiant energy received from the sun.
• Sentence Q is the third sentence as it explains the effect of solar spectrum components when they reach the Earth.
• Sentence R concludes the sequence by highlighting the negligible energy contribution from other celestial bodies.
• The correct sequence is PSQR.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"The sun is the primary transmitter of energy for the processes of change on the Earth's surface and in the atmosphere. Its rays are transmitted in various wavelengths of the solar spectrum, mainly in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands. Radiant energy from the sun that strikes the Earth is called insolation. When components of the solar spectrum reach the Earth, the insolation is partially absorbed and converted to thermal energy. The amount of energy the Earth receives from other celestial bodies is negligible by comparison. Only a small part of insolation is absorbed and converted into thermal energy."

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The sequence of the sentences aims to logically arrange the middle part of the passage to maintain coherence and flow.
• Sentence P comes first after S1 as it further defines temperature as an index of sensible heat:
• "Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy."
• Sentence R follows as it provides a practical example of temperature differences and heat flow:
• "If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature."
• Sentence S comes next as it introduces the concept of an arbitrary scale to measure temperature:
• "To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed."
• Sentence Q concludes the sequence as it describes specific values on 'this scale' mentioned in S:
• "Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure."
• The correct sequence is PRSQ.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Temperature indicates the relative degree of molecular activity, or heat, of a substance. Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy. If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature. To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed. Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure. The boiling point of water under standard conditions is at 100 degrees Centigrade."

The correct answer is 'A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4'.

Key Points

• From the given options, only the combination of matches 'A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4' is correct.
• Let’s analyze the matching:
• A-Noun (Qualification): 'Qualification' is a noun as it represents a thing or a concept.
• B-Verb (Qualify): 'Qualify' is a verb as it denotes an action or a state.
• C-Adverb (Conditionally): 'Conditionally' is an adverb because it modifies a verb or an adjective by showing the condition.
• D-Adjective (Qualifying): 'Qualifying' is an adjective as it describes or modifies a noun.

The correct answer is 'A-1,B-3,C-2,D-4'.

Key Points

• From the given question and parts of speech:
• Let’s match each word with its corresponding part of speech:
• A. Noun - 1 (Error): A noun is a naming word, and "error" represents a thing or concept.
• B. Verb - 3 (Err): A verb indicates action or state, and "err" is the action of making a mistake.
• C. Adverb - 2 (Erroneously): An adverb modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and "erroneously" describes the manner of an action.
• D. Adjective - 4 (Erroneous): An adjective modifies a noun, and "erroneous" describes the quality of being incorrect or wrong.
• Thus, the correct code is A-1,B-3,C-2,D-4.

The correct answer is 'A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4'.

Key Points

• The match for each part of speech with its corresponding word is as follows:
• A. Noun (2. Care): A noun is a naming word, and "care" in this context functions as a noun (e.g., "I take care of my belongings.").
• B. Verb (1. Think): A verb is an action word, and "think" is an action (e.g., "I think about the problem.").
• C. Adverb (3. Carefully): An adverb describes how an action is performed, and "carefully" is an adverb (e.g., "She reads carefully.").
• D. Adjective (4. Careful): An adjective describes a noun, and "careful" is an adjective (e.g., "He is a careful driver.").
• The correct combination is A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• List I (Parts of Speech) and List II (Word) are matched correctly based on their definitions:
• A-Noun (Duplication): A noun refers to a name, place, or thing, and "duplication" is a noun representing the act of duplicating.
• B-Verb (Duplicate): A verb refers to an action, and "duplicate" can act as a verb meaning to copy or replicate.
• C-Adverb (Dually): An adverb modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and "dually" means in a dual manner.
• D-Adjective (Duple): An adjective describes a noun, and "duple" refers to something having two parts.
• Code Explanation: The correct matching is as follows:
• A-2: Duplication is a noun.
• B-3: Duplicate is a verb.
• C-1: Dually is an adverb.
• D-4: Duple is an adjective.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• From the given options, the correct mapping of List I and List II is:
• Let’s break down the options:
• A (Noun) → 2 (Exodus): Exodus is a noun that refers to a mass departure of people.
• B (Verb) → 4 (Exit): Exit as a verb means to go out or leave a place.
• C (Adverb) → 3 (Outward): Outward is an adverb that refers to movement or direction toward the outside.
• D (Adjective) → 1 (Emanant): Emanant is an adjective that means issuing or flowing out from a source.

The correct answer is 'A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2'.

Key Points

• The question matches parts of speech (List I) with their corresponding words (List II).
• The correct match is:
• A - Noun (Spectator): A noun represents a person, place, thing, or idea. 'Spectator' is a person who watches an event.
• B - Verb (Spectate): A verb represents an action or state. 'Spectate' means to watch something.
• C - Adverb (Extremely): An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. 'Extremely' is an adverb that intensifies meaning.
• D - Adjective (Spectatorial): An adjective describes or modifies a noun. 'Spectatorial' relates to spectators.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The given question asks us to match List I (Parts of Speech) with List II (Words) correctly.
• Let us analyze the correct matches:
• A. Noun - Hearing (4): "Hearing" is a noun referring to the sense of perceiving sound.
• B. Verb - Hear (2): "Hear" is a verb that refers to the action of perceiving sound.
• C. Interjection - Hark (3): "Hark" is an interjection used to call attention, often to listen carefully.
• D. Adjective - Auditory (1): "Auditory" is an adjective that describes something related to hearing.
• Based on these matches, the correct code is: A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1.

The correct answer is 'A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1'.

Key Points

• List I (Parts of Speech):
• A. Noun: The word "Knowledge" refers to a concept or idea, making it a noun.
• B. Verb: The word "Know" represents an action, which categorizes it as a verb.
• C. Adverb: The word "Knowingly" modifies a verb, describing how an action is performed, making it an adverb.
• D. Adjective: The word "Knowing" describes or qualifies a noun, categorizing it as an adjective.
• Based on the above explanation, the correct matches are:
• A-4: "Knowledge" is a noun.
• B-2: "Know" is a verb.
• C-3: "Knowingly" is an adverb.
• D-1: "Knowing" is an adjective.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Let us match the items in List I (Parts of Speech) with List II (Words) based on their grammatical function:
• A. Noun - The correct match is 1. Cogitation, as "cogitation" is a noun meaning "the act of thinking deeply about something."
• B. Verb - The correct match is 3. Cogitate, as "cogitate" is a verb meaning "to think deeply about something."
• C. Adverb - The correct match is 2. Pensively, as "pensively" is an adverb describing a manner of being thoughtful or reflective.
• D. Adjective - The correct match is 4. Cogitative, as "cogitative" is an adjective meaning "pertaining to or capable of deep thought."
• Based on the above matches, the correct code is:
• A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

Solution: