AFCAT 24 Feb 2013 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. The speaker is a patriot urging the defence of his motherland

Key Points

• In the given paragraph, From the very first line, we can conclude that the speaker is a patriot for his motherland and wants to protect his motherland. hence the correct answer is option 4.

• 'Subjugated' means to bring under control and governance as a subject: Conquer.

• Given below are the points, we should keep in mind while solving questions of reading passage-

• Identify the purpose of the passage.

• Anticipate what may lie ahead.

• Try to go through the question first then the passage so that you can just focus on the things you need to look in the passage.

• Read the passage quickly to get a general idea of meaning or to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.

• Look out for specific information in the passage.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. He expects help from other quarters.

Explanation

• From the phrase of the last sentence of the passage, "our empire beyond the seas would carry on the struggle until the New world steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the Old" we can say that "the speaker wants to go on fighting because he expects help from the other quarters."

• 'Rescue' means to free from confinement, danger, or evil: Save, Deliver.

• Hence, the correct answer is "He expects help from other quarters."
  

• Given below are the points, we should keep in mind while solving questions of reading passage-

• Identify the purpose of the passage.

• Anticipate what may lie ahead.

• Try to go through the question first then the passage so that you can just focus on the things you need to look in the passage.

• Read the passage quickly to get a general idea of meaning or to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.

• Look out for specific information in the passage.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. "Go on to the end", "shall never surrender".

Explanation

• From the phrase, "our empire beyond the seas would carry on the struggle until the New world steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the Old" it is clear that the passage is all about to carry out the struggle to save the island until any help from the other quarters.

• Hence, the correct answer is "Go on to the end", "shall never surrender."
  

• Given below are the points, we should keep in mind while solving questions of reading passage-

• Identify the purpose of the passage.

• Anticipate what may lie ahead.

• Try to go through the question first then the passage so that you can just focus on the things you need to look in the passage.

• Read the passage quickly to get a general idea of meaning or to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.

• Look out for specific information in the passage.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Reinforces the speaker's basic intention.

Explanation

• From the repetitive use of the syntax "we shall", we can say that the intention of the speaker is clear as he is "trying to say something certainly will or must happen, or determined that something will happen and we should face it, fight it to defend our island."

• Hence, the correct answer is "Reinforces the speaker's basic intention."
  

• Given below are the points, we should keep in mind while solving questions of reading passage-

• Identify the purpose of the passage.

• Anticipate what may lie ahead.

• Try to go through the question first then the passage so that you can just focus on the things you need to look in the passage.

• Read the passage quickly to get a general idea of meaning or to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.

• Look out for specific information in the passage.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Inspiring and encouraging.

Explanation

• From the different phrases "we shall go on to the end", "we shall fight", "we shall defend", "we shall never surrender" of the passage, we can say that "the tone of the speaker is inspiring and encouraging."

• Hence, the correct answer is "Inspiring and encouraging."
  

• Given below are the points, we should keep in mind while solving questions of reading passage-

• Identify the purpose of the passage.

• Anticipate what may lie ahead.

• Try to go through the question first then the passage so that you can just focus on the things you need to look in the passage.

• Read the passage quickly to get a general idea of meaning or to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.

• Look out for specific information in the passage.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. Interfere.

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Explanation   

• The word 'Meddle' means to interest oneself in what is not one's concern or interfere without right or propriety.
• From the meaning of 'Raucous', it is very clear that the option 'Interfere' is the correct answer.
• The synonyms of the given word 'Meddle' are "interfere, interlope, intrude, mess, nose, obtrude, poke, snoop".
• Hence, from the given options 'Interfere' is the correct answer.
• Examples of 'Meddle' in a sentence:
• "We don't want a situation where politicians will be able to meddle with this system."
• "Don't meddle too much more than needed or it could further dismantle your friendship*."*

   

• The word 'Meddle' is derived from Middle English 'medlen', from Anglo-Norman 'medler'.
• First known use of the word 'Meddle' was in the 14th century.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. Renounce.

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Explanation   

• The word 'Abjure' means to renounce upon oath or to reject solemnly.
• From the meaning of 'Abjure', it is very clear that the option 'Renounce' is the correct answer.
• The synonyms of the given word 'Abjure' are "abnegate, recant, renege, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, take back, unsay, withdraw".
• The antonym of the given word 'Abjure' is "adhere (to)".
• Hence, from the given options 'Renounce' is the correct answer.
• Examples of 'Abjure' in a sentence:
• "It chose to abjure war and to recreate itself as a wealthy country."
• "These dissolve memory, abjure difficulty and undo our capacity for self-determination*."*

   

• 'Abjure' is derived from Middle English 'abjuren', borrowed from Anglo-French & Medieval Latin; Anglo-French 'abjurer', borrowed from Medieval Latin 'abjurare', "to repudiate, renounce (a right or claim), swear to stay away from," going back to Latin, "to deny knowledge of falsely under oath, repudiate".

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. Alienate.

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Explanation   

• The word 'Estrange' means to "arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in (someone) where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness: Alienate​."
• From the meaning of 'Estrange', it is very clear that the option 'Alienate' is the correct answer.
• The synonyms of the given word 'Estrange' are "alien, alienate, disaffect, disgruntle, sour."
• The antonym of the given word 'Estrange' is 'reconcile'.
• Hence, from the given options 'Alienate' is the correct answer.
• Examples of 'Estrange' in a sentence:
• "The first job of a revival show would be to estrange him."
• "I'm about to do something that may permanently estrange me from my family."

 

• 'Estrange' is primarily used to mean “cut off relations”, particularly in a family setting, while 'alienate' is rather used to refer to driving off or to offend a group.
• 'Estrange' is derived from Old French 'estranger' (“to treat as a stranger”), from Latin 'extraneus' (“foreigner, stranger”) from which also strange, stranger.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. Praising.

Explanation   

• The word 'Derogatory' means to show a critical or disrespectful attitude.
• The synonyms of the word are "belittling, contemptuous, decrying, degrading, demeaning, depreciative, depreciatory, derisory, derogative, disparaging, uncomplimentary"
• The antonym of the word is "commendatory, complimentary, laudative, laudatory​."
• From the given options, the synonym of the word 'praising' is 'complimenting'
• Hence, we can say that 'Praising' is nearly opposite in meaning to the given word.
• Examples of 'Derogatory' in a sentence:
• "It makes people embarrassed or is used as a derogatory term."
• "It is lethal in the writing world to use derogatory language and hate messages."
  

   

• The word 'derogatory' comes from the verb derogate, which can be traced to the Latin word 'derogare' (“to detract” or “to annul -a law”).
• When derogatory first began to be used in English it had the meaning “detracting from the character or standing of something."

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. Swell.

Explanation   

• The word 'Wane' means to decrease in size, extent, or degree.
• The synonyms of the word are "abate, de-escalate, decline, decrease, diminish, fall away, lessen, lower, moderate, recede, relent, remit, shrink, subside, taper, taper off."
• The antonym of the word is " swell, accumulate, balloon, build, enlarge, escalate, expand, grow, increase, intensify, mount, mushroom, pick up, rise, snowball, soar."
• From the antonym of the given word 'Wane', we can say that 'Swell' is its opposite meaning.
• Hence, we can say that 'Swell' is nearly opposite in meaning to the given word.
• Examples of 'Wane' in a sentence:
• "But its attractions don't wane after dark."
• "No horses or gear had yet arrived, and the light was beginning to wane."
  

   

• 'Wane' as a noun is derived from Old English 'wana' (defect, shortage).
• 'Wane' as a verb from Old English 'wanian' via Middle English 'wanien'.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. (a).

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the subject 'police' is a collective noun.
• The verb 'has' is following the noun 'police'.
• Police is a noun that describes a collection of police officers.
• This means it has no singular form and always uses a plural verb.
• Thus the verb should be in plural form.
• Hence, the plural form of the verb 'has' i.e. 'have' should be used.
• The correct sentence: "The police have arrested the thief who broke into my house last night."

Additional Information 

• A collective noun is a collection of things taken as a whole.
• Most collective nouns in everyday speech are not specific to one kind of thing, such as the word "group", which can be applied to people ("a group of people") or dogs ("a group of dogs") or other things.
• If the collective noun refers to the group as a unit, then it takes a singular verb.
• For example, "Our family enjoys the get-together."
• If the collective noun refers to the individuals in the group or the parts that make up the group, then the verb should be plural.
• For example, "Families enjoy the get-together."

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. (a).

Explanation 

• In the given sentence, change 'who' into 'whom' because we need a relative pronoun for an object.
• When we replace 'who' by 'whom', then 'whom' refers to the man and is the object of 'thought' in the subordinate clause.
• The relative pronoun (who/which/that) is used as a subject in the subordinate clause.
• The relative pronoun (whom/which/that) is used as an object in the subordinate clause.
• Hence, the relative pronoun 'whom' is correct grammatically.

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The correct sentence: "The man whom they thought to be a gentleman turned out to be a rouge."

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• Who as a Subjective Pronoun:
• 'Who' is used to provide more information about a person or people mentioned previously in a sentence. It is also a subjective pronoun. A subjective pronoun is a pronoun (I, me, he, she, etc.) that is used as the subject of the sentence. Who replaces the subject of the sentence.
• For example, "I met Anand, who was returning from college."
• Whom as an Objective Pronoun
• 'Whom' is an objective pronoun that is used for formal English. It is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Whom should replace the object of the sentence. Consider who is having something done to them when finding the object of the sentence. The object is the person, place, or thing that something is being done to.
• For example, "I have a daughter whom I love very much."
  

 

• When in doubt, try this simple trick:
• Use the “he/him” or “she/her” rule.
• If it is either “he” or “she” then it should be 'who'.
• If it is “him” or “her” then 'whom' should be used.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. (a).

Explanation

• On should be replaced by to.
• Tell someone to his face is an idiom meaning to say something directly and unambiguously to one, especially when it is something critical, derogatory, inflammatory, or otherwise negative. Examples:
• "Tom's been telling people around the office that you've been slacking lately." "If that's the way he feels, why doesn't he come tell me to my face?"
• I know she spreads a lot of nasty stuff about me behind my back, but she's too cowardly to ever tell me to my face.

The correct sentence: "I told him to his face that he should not hope to pass the stringent Medical examination of the Services Selection Board."

• Auxiliary verb is a verb used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs.
• The primary auxiliary verbs in English are "be, do, and have".
• The modal auxiliary verbs are "can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would."

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. (b).

Explanation 

• In the given sentence, 'has' should be replaced by 'have'.
• 'Who' acts as the subject for the verb 'has', and 'who' in this sentence refers to 'boys' (plural noun) and thus plural verb 'have' should be used.
• The rule is that "one of + plural noun or pronoun", requires the ensuing verb to be in the plural.
• In the sentence 'boys' is the plural noun used with 'one of' therefore the ensuing verb i.e. 'has' should have its plural form.
• Hence, 'have' should replace 'has'.

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The correct sentence: "Mohan is one of those boys who have expressed willingness for joining the educational tour."

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• 'Have' is the root verb and is generally used alongside the pronouns (I / You / We / Ye and They) and plural nouns.
• Generally, have is a present tense word.
• 'Has' is used alongside the pronouns (He / She / It and Who) and singular nouns.

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• Common mistake found among non-native speakers while using "one of the" is that they consider a single item/unit as a group of whatever they are talking about.
• For example:
  

Incorrect: She is one of my friend.

Correct: She is one of my friends.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. (b).

Explanation 

• In the given sentence, the noun 'summer vacation' is an uncountable noun so we have to use 'vacation' instead of 'vacations'.
• Uncountable nouns cannot be counted. They have a singular form and do not have a plural form.
• 'This' is a singular determiner used in the sentence which is always used only with an uncountable noun.
• Hence, the singular uncountable noun 'summer vacation' is correct grammatically.
• For example:
  

Incorrect: Try to repeat this exercises.

Correct: Try to repeat this exercise.

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The correct sentence: "I may spend this summer vacation with one of my friends in the backwaters of Kerala."

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• Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers.
• They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.).
• Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb.

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. Forecast.

Explanation    

• Let us explore the options:
• 'Announcement' means a public notification or declaration.
• 'Indication' means something that is indicated as advisable or necessary.
• 'Prediction' means something that is predicted.
• 'Forecast' means to calculate or predict (some future event or condition) usually as a result of study and analysis of available pertinent data, especially: to predict (weather conditions) on the basis of correlated meteorological observations.
• Hence, from the explanation of the given options, we can easily say that 'forecast' is the correct answer.
  

The correct sentence: "According to the weather forecast it is going to be cloudy today."

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• Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.
• Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property.
• Examples of 'forecast' in a sentence:
• "The weather forecast is predicting more rain."
• "The weather forecast is good; there will be no delays."

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. Avenged.

Explanation

• From the given sentence, it is clear that "the villagers burnt the police van to take revenge for the murder of their leader."
• Let us explore the options:
• 'Protested' means a solemn declaration of opinion and usually of dissent.
• 'Avenged' means to take vengeance or revenge for or on behalf of.
• 'Mourned' means to feel or express grief or sorrow.
• 'Consoled' means to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of.
• Hence, from the explanation of the given options, we can easily say that 'avenged' is the correct answer.

The correct sentence: "The villagers avenged the murder of their leader by burning the police van."

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Important Points

• Synonyms of 'avenged': "redress, requite, retaliate, revenge".
• Examples of 'avenged' in a sentence:
• "It was Ali's first loss as a professional, but a defeat he avenged."
• "Arsenal's win avenged their 2012 semi-final defeat by Chelsea."

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. Burst.

Explanation    

• Let us explore the options:
• 'Fired' means a destructive burning.
• 'Burst' means a sudden outbreak, explosion, eruption, to break open, apart, or into pieces usually from impact or from pressure from within.
• 'Caught' means to capture or seize especially after a pursuit.
• 'Engulfed' means to flow over and enclose.
• Hence, from the explanation of the given options, we can easily say that 'burst' is the correct answer.
  

The correct sentence: "While on a routine flight, the aircraft was hit by a missile and burst into flames."

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• Synonyms of 'burst': "blow, blow up, crump, detonate, explode, flare, flare-up, flash, flicker, flurry, flutter, outbreak, outburst."
• Examples of 'burst' in a sentence:
• "The burst strength and the fatigue life of the damaged GRP pipes were decreased as the impact energy increased."
• "Changes in the tubes' burst pressures were recorded and the resulting damages on the tubes were studied."

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. Discounted.

Explanation    

• Let us explore the options:
• 'Reduced' means to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number.
• 'Discounted' means a reduction made from the gross amount or value of something.
• 'Fixed' means supplied with something (such as money) needed.
• 'Nominal' means of a rate of interest.
• Hence, from the explanation of the given options, we can easily say that 'discounted' is the correct answer.
  

The correct sentence: "Hair got the company car for a discounted price as he was the senior-most employee in the company."

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• Synonyms of 'discounted': "abatement, deduction, reduction."
• Antonyms of 'discounted': "accession, addition."
• Examples of 'discounted' in a sentence:
• "Economic evaluation criteria were discounted profit and annual genetic gain."
• "This valuation framework deals with the uncertainties at the source instead of risk-adjusting the discounted cash flows."

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. Incensed.

Explanation    

• Let us explore the options:
• 'Clashed' means to come into conflict.
• 'Aggrieved' means troubled or distressed in spirit.
• 'Incensed' means to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of​.
• 'Impeached' means to charge with a crime.
• Hence, from the explanation of the given options, we can easily say that 'incensed' is the correct answer.
  

The correct sentence: "The unruly behaviour of the soldiers incensed their commander."

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• Synonyms of 'incensed': "anger, enrage, inflame, infuriate, mad, madden, outrage, rankle, rile, roil, steam up, tick off."
• Antonyms of 'incensed': "delight, gratify, please."
• Examples of 'incensed' in a sentence:
• "But it has now emerged that air force chiefs were incensed by the criticism and protested that the mix-up was not their fault.."
• "The House bill is likely to be stripped of three provisions that have incensed some conservatives*."*

The correct answer is Rabindranath Tagore.

• Rabindranath Tagore accorded the title "Mahatma" to M K Gandhi.
• Rabindranath Tagore is a famous writer and music composer from the Indian subcontinent.
• Pen Name: Bhanu Singha Thakur.
• He is well known as 'Gurudev'.
• He composed the national anthems of India and Bangladesh.
• Tagore is the first non-European to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1920.

Key Points

• The Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement is the first mass political movement under Gandhiji.
• The Non-Cooperation movement was approved by the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress in 1920.
• The main Incidents that leads to Non-Cooperation movements are:
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• Rowlatt Act.
• Khilafat Agitation.
• The attainment of 'Swaraj' by peaceful means was the main goal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off Gandhiji due to the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e Brahmans.

• During the Middle Ages education was confined only to Brahmans.
• The Vedic period was the beginning of the social division of people by the use of varna.
• Vedic society mainly divides into four varnas namely Brahmans, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.

1. Brahmins refer to priests, scholars, and teachers.
2. Kshatriyas refer to warriors and administrators.
3. Vaishyas refer to agriculturalists and merchants.
4. Shudras refer to Laborers and service providers.

• Communities that do not belong to any varna were called Avarna.
• The first mention of Varna is found in the ancient Sanskrit Rig Veda verse Purusha Suktam.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e Ashoka.

Key Points

• Ashoka was an emperor of the Maurya Dynasty.
• He assumed the title Devanampiya Piyadasi.
• The Kalinga war in 261 BC transformed Ashoka to a peaceful life and he converted to Buddhism.
• Ashoka was responsible for the spread of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
• He sends Buddhist monks to Sri Lanka and Central Asia for the spreading of Buddhism all over the world.
• The Third Buddhist council was held during the reign of Ashoka.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e Reducing agents.

• The elements which have a low value of ionization potential are strong Reducing agents.
• The ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound outermost electron of an isolated gaseous atom or molecule.
• Ionization energy is an endothermic process.
• Alkali metals have a low value of ionization energy.
• The ionization energy increases over the period from left to right and decreases down the group.
• Caesium is the element with the lowest ionization energy.
• Noble Gases has the highest value of ionization energy.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e England.

• Wayne Rooney is a former professional football player in England.
• He also played for Manchester United club.
• He is the all-time top scorer of the England national team with 53 goals.
• He holds the record of all-time top scorer for Manchester United with 253 goals.
• Rooney retired from international football on 23 August 2017.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e Shakira.

• The official song of the 2010 World Cup "Waka Waka", was performed by the popular singer Shakira.
• Shakira is a famous Colombian singer.
• The 2010 FIFA World Cup took place in South Africa.
• Spain won their first World Cup title in the 2010 World cup by defeating the Netherlands.
• Golden Boot: Thomas Müller(Germany).
• Golden Ball: Diego Forlan(Uruguay).
• Golden Glove: Iker Casillas(Spain).
• Madonna is an American singer, well known as "Queen of Pop".
• Destiny's Child was an American girl music group.
• Rihanna is a Barbadian singer.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.

• Saina Nehwal is an Indian professional badminton player.
• She is the only female player from India who attained the World no.1 ranking in badminton.
• She participated in 2008, 2012, 2016 Olympics games.
• Honoured with Arjuna Award in 2009.
• Honoured with Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2010.
• Autobiography: Playing to Win: My Life On and Off Court.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e The circle of contact of the earth and the cone of visual rays passing through the point of observation.

• The Visible horizon is a small circle of the earth.
• The horizon is the visible line that separates the earth from the sky.
• The distance to the visible horizon is more than that of the distance based on a simple geometric calculation due to atmospheric refraction.
• The word horizon derives from a Greek word.
• An observer with eye-level above sea level by 1.70 metres, the horizon is at a distance of about 5 kilometres, in standard atmospheric conditions.
• The horizon is only 2.43 km away from the moon.

The correct answer is National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Key Points

• National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is an Indian labour act and social security measure that aims to guarantee the right to work and provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year.
• The act was passed in 2005.
• Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan is an instrumental organisation in the passage of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
• This act was first proposed by former Prime Minister of India P.V. Narasimha Rao in 1991.
• This act was passed by former Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh in 2005.
• NREGA is now renamed as the “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)".
• The World Bank termed the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act a "stellar example of rural development".

The correct answer is option 3, i.e Rakshastal Lake.

• River Sutlej originates from Rakshastal Lake.
• Rakshastal Lake is located near Lake Manasarovar and Mount Kailash.
• Sutlej River is also known as Shatadru (Ancient name).
• River Sutlej is one of the major tributaries of Indus.
• Only tributary of Indus which originates from Tibet.
• Sutlej River enters India through Shipki La pass.
• The Bhakra-Nangal Dam is constructed across the Sutlej river.
• The Indira Gandhi canal is situated on the Sutlej river.
• The West flowing peninsular river Narmada originates from Amarkantak plateau.
• The Himalayan river Indus originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar.
• The river Jhelum rises from Verinag Spring at the foot of the Pir Panjal.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e Iron.

Key Points

• Limonite ore is one of the principal iron ore.
• Limonite ore is also called lemon rock or yellow iron ore.
• Limonite is used as a pigment.
• Important ores of Iron are:Limonite, Hematite, and Magnetite.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e Self-dependence in petroleum/ crude oil.

• The Black revolution relates to Self-dependence in petroleum/ crude oil.
• The Black revolution aims to increase petroleum production by accelerating the production of biodiesel by increasing ethanol production.
• There are different kinds of revolutions that have occurred in India for the beginning of a completely new era in the agricultural field.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e Iran.

Key Points

• Karrar is the unmanned bomber aircraft of Iran.
• Produced in 2010.
• Manufactured by Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company.
• Karrar is developed based on the American Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker target drone.
• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was the Iran President during the development process of Karrar.
• TAI Aksungur and Bayraktar Akınci are the examples of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) by Turkey.
• GIDS Shahpar and Burraq are the examples of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) by Pakistan.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e Somnath Chatterjee.

• Somnath Chatterjee was an Indian politician.
• He was associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
• He served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 2004 to 2009.
• The Communist Party of India (Marxist) expelled him in 2008 for his refusal to step down as Speaker.
• Honoured with the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 1996.
• Chatterjee died on 13 August 2018.
• Notable works: Keeping The Faith: Memoirs Of A Parliamentarian, The Collected Speeches of Somnath Chatterjee.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e Calcitonin.

• Calcitonin is a thyroid hormone that controls the balance of calcium in the body.
• The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body.
• Thyroxine and Calcitonin are the hormones secreted by the Thyroid gland.
• Calcitonin lowers the concentration of calcium in blood whenever it rises above the normal value.
• The normal level of calcium in the blood is 8-10 mg/dL.
• Thyroxine helps to increase the rate of almost all chemical reactions in our body cells.
• Thyroxine contains a rich quantity of Iodine.
• Over secretion of thyroxine causes Hyperthyroidism.
• Under secretion of thyroxine causes Hypothyroidism.
• Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein that senses calcium levels and relays signals to various calcium-sensitive enzymes and proteins.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e Plasmodesmata.

• Plasmodesma is a channel through the cell wall that allows the movement of substances as needed.
• It is considered as an important route for communication between plant cells.
• A typical plant cell may consist of 10³ to 10⁵ plasmodesmata connecting it with adjacent cells.
• Found only in plant and algal cells.
• The term 'plasmodesmata' was first coined by Strasburger in 1901.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e Kapil Dev.

Key Points

• Kapil Dev is the first Indian cricketer who was bestowed with an honorary commission in the Territorial Army.
• Kapil Dev is a former Indian cricket player.
• He captained the Indian national cricket team that won the 1983 Cricket World Cup.
• He joined the Indian Territorial Army in 2008.
• Honoured with the CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement award in 2013.
• Honoured with Arjuna Award in 1980.
• Notable works: By God's Decree, Cricket My Style, Straight from the Heart, and The Sikhs.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e equilibrium, irreversible.

• Transport Phenomena is the study that deals with the movement of various physical quantities such as mass, energy, momentum through a medium between observed and studied systems.
• Momentum transport (Fluid dynamics) is the transport of momentum in fluids.
• Energy transport (heat transfer) is the transport of various forms of energy in a system.
• Transport phenomena are considered to be fundamental building blocks which developed the universe.
• The transport phenomenon occurs only in the equilibrium state of a gas and is irreversible.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e All of these.

• The reaction between amines and nitrous acid was used to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
• Primary, secondary and tertiary amines will form nitrites with nitrous acid.
• Nitrous acid is a weak acid.
• Molecular Formula: HNO₂.
• The diazonium salts from amines usually made using Nitrous acid.
• Nitrous acid can be produced by dissolving dinitrogen trioxide in water.

Given:

The square of a number is equal to the difference of the square of 37 and 23

Formula Used:

a² - b² = (a + b) (a - b)

Calculation:

Let the number be x

According to the question

x² = 37² - 23²

⇒ x² = (37 + 23) (37 – 23)

⇒ x² = 60 × 14

⇒ x = √840 = 28.98

∴ The required value of the number is 28.98.

Given:

When a man of age 30 is replaced, then the average age of 8 men increased by = 4 years

Formula:

Average = sum of all observation/total number of all observation

Calculation:

Let the average age of 8 men be x

⇒ Sum of the age of 8 men = 8x

Let the average age of new man be y

According to the question

8x + y – 30 = 8 (x + 4)

⇒ 8x + y – 30 = 8x + 32

⇒ y = 8x + 32 + 30 – 8x

⇒ y = 62 years

∴ Age of the new man is 62 years.

Short Trick:

Age of new man = 30 + 4 × 8 = 30 + 32 = 62 years

Given:

Total quantity of water = 24 kg

When the vessel is 1/4 full, it weights = 9 kg

Calculation:

Let weight of vessel be x kg and weight of water when vessel is full be w kg

According to the question,

x + w = 24      ----(1)

x + w/4 = 9      ----(2)

from (1) and (2), we get

3w/4 = 15

⇒ w = 20 kg

∴ x = 24 – 20 = 4 kg

Given:

a – b = 4

ab = 45

Formula:

(a – b)³ = a³ – b³ – 3ab (a – b)

Calculation:

Short trick:

a – b = 4 and ab = 45

Suppose, a = 9 and b = 5, then all condition satisfied

9³ - 5³

⇒ 729 – 125

⇒ 604

Detailed method:

(a – b)³ = a³ – b³ – 3ab (a – b)

⇒ 4³ = a³ – b³ – 3 × 45 × 4

⇒ 64 = a³ – b³ – 540

⇒ a³ – b³ = 540 + 64

⇒ a³ – b³ = 604

Given:

a/(a + b) = 15/21

Formula:

If a/b = c/d

Using dividendo and componendo

(a + b)/(a – b) = (c + d)/(c – d)

Calculation:

a/(a + b) = 15/21

⇒ 21a = 15 (a + b)

⇒ 21a = 15a + 15b

⇒ 21a – 15a = 15b

⇒ 6a = 15b

⇒ a/b = 15/6

Using dividendo and componendo

(a + b) / (a – b) = (15 + 6) / (15 – 6)

∴ (a + b)/(a – b) = 21/9

Formula:

(a + b)² – (a – b)² = 4ab

Calculation:

$\Rightarrow \frac{{{{\left( {798; + ;579} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {798 - 579} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {798; \times ;579} \right)}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{{4{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}798{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}579}}{{\left( {798; \times ;579} \right)}}$

⇒ 4

Short Trick:

When you see the pattern in this type of question as [(a + b)² – (a – b)²]/ab, then answer always 4.

Given:

Average expenditure for the first four-month = Rs. 231.25

Average expenditure for next five month = 231.25 + 22.75 = Rs. 254

Expenditure for last three months = Rs. 605

Annual income of the person = Rs. 3500

Formula:

Average = Sum of all observation/total number of all observations

Calculation:

Sum of expenditure for first four month = 231.25 × 4 = Rs. 925

Sum of expenditure for next five month = 254 × 5 = Rs. 1270

Sum of expenditure for last three month = Rs. 605

⇒ Total annual expenditure = 925 + 1270 + 605 = Rs. 2800

Total annual income = Rs. 3500

⇒ His annual savings = Rs. 3500 – Rs. 2800 = Rs. 700

∴ Required percent = (700/3500) × 100 = 20%

Given:

Average age of students of a class = 15.8 years

Average age of boys in the class = 16.4 years

Average age of girls in the class = 15.4 years

Formula:

Mixture and Allegation method:

a           b

      c

p     :     q

Where, a > c > b

(a – c)/(c – b) = q/p

Calculation:

Using allegation method

16.4          15.4

        15.8

0.4      :       0.6

∴ Ratio of boys to girls in the class = 0.4 : 0.6 = 2 : 3

Alternate solution

Let number of boys be x and of girls be y.

Hence,

16.4x + 15.4y = 15.8(x + y)

⇒ 16.4x = 15.4y = 15.8x + 15.8y

⇒ 0.6x = 0.4y

⇒ x/y = 0.4/0.6 = 2/3

⇒ x : y = 2 : 3

Given:

Number of buckets of water to fill the tank = 18

Capacity of each bucket = 8 litters

Calculation:

Let number of buckets of capacity 12 litres water to fill the tank be x

According to the question

x × 12 = 18 × 8

⇒ x = 144/12

⇒ x = 12

∴ Number of buckets to fill the tank is 12.

Given:

Interest of first sum = 8%

Interest of second sum = 12%

At the end of the year, the interest earned = Rs. 1500

Formula:

SI = Prt/100

Calculation:

Let the sum be Rs. x

According to the question

(x × 8 × 1)/100 + (x × 12 × 1)/100 = 1500

⇒ 8x/100 + 12x/100 = 1500

⇒ 20x/100 = 1500

⇒ x/5 = 1500

⇒ x = 1500 × 5

⇒ x = 7500

∴ The sum invested in each is Rs. 7500.

Short trick:

Let the principal be 100%

Total interest percentage = 8% + 12% = 20%

20% = 1500

100% = 1500 × 100/5 = Rs. 7500

∴ The sum invested in each is Rs. 7500

Given:

Time = 4 years

Simple interest = 1/5 of the principal

Formula:

SI = Prt/100

Calculation:

Let the principal be Rs. 5

SI = 5 × 1/5 = Rs. 1

According to the question

1 = (5 × r × 4)/100

⇒ r = 100/20

⇒ r = 5%

 Shortcut Trick

As we know, 1/5 = 20%

Interest rate for four years = 20%

Interest rate for 1 year = 20/4 = 5%

Given:

Total sum = Rs. 2600

Total annual income = Rs. 206

First rate of interest = 9%

Second rate of interest = 7%

Formula:

SI = Prt/100

Calculation:

Let the sum given at 7% annum be Rs, x

⇒ Sum given at 9% annum = (2600 – x)

According to the question

(x × 7 × 1)/100 + [(2600 – x) × 9 × 1]/100 = 206

⇒ 7x + 23400 – 9x = 20600

⇒ 9x – 7x = 23400 – 20600

⇒ 2x = 2800

⇒ x = 2800/2

⇒ x = 1400

∴ The sum given at 7% rate of interest is Rs. 1400

Short Trick:

Average interest rate = 206/2600 × 100 = (103/13)%

Using allegation method

9%                       7%

        (103/13) %

Multiply by 13 in each unit

117%                  91%

             103%

12             :          14%

⇒ Ratio of sum given at 9% and 7% = 12 : 14 = 6x : 7x

6x + 7x = 2600

⇒ 13x = 2600

⇒ x = 200

⇒ 7x = 1400

∴ The sum given at 7% rate of interest is Rs. 1400

Given:

Percentage of people who cast their vote = 70%

Percentage of invalid vote = 2%

Formula:

P % of any number = Actual number × (P/100)

Calculation:

Let the total number of votes be N

According to the question

$N \times \frac{70}{100} \times \frac{98}{100}\times \frac{60}{100} = 7203$

⇒ $N \times \frac{7}{10} \times \frac{98}{100}\times \frac{6}{10} = 7203$

⇒ $N = \frac{7203 \times 10 \times 100 \times 10}{7 \times 98 \times 6}$

⇒ x = 17500

∴ The total number of voters is 17500.

Given:

Price of kerosene raised by = 11%

Formula:

If the price of a commodity increase by x%, then the decrease in

consumption, so as not to increase the expenditure

= [x/(100 + x)] × 100

Calculation:

Given that, x = 11%

Decrease in consumption = [11/(100 + 11)] × 100

∴ Decrease in consumption is 9.9 %

Given:

Total number of pupils in first school = 75

Percentage of pass students first school = 80%

Formula:

x% of any value = Actual value × (x/100)

Calculation:

Total number of pupils in first school = 75

⇒ Number of pass students in first school = 75 × (80/100) = 60

Total number of pupils in another school = 75 + 10 = 85

Number of pass pupils in another school = 60 – 5 = 55

∴ Percentage of pass pupils in another school = (55/85) × 100 = 64.7%

Given:

Total sum = Rs. 80

The sum divided into = 3 : 6 : 7

Formula:

If N is divided into a : b, then

First part = N × a/(a + b)

Second part = N × b/(a + b)

Calculation:

First part = 3/16 × 80 = Rs. 15

Second part = 6/16 × 80 = Rs. 30

Third part = 7/16 × 80 = Rs. 35

∴ The shares are Rs. 15, Rs. 30 and Rs. 35.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 1875

Time = 2 years

Rate = 4%

Formula:

A = P (1 + r/100)^t

Calculation:

Let amount be A

According to the question

A = 1875 (1 + 4/100)²

⇒ A = 1875 × (26/25)²

⇒ A = 1875 × 26/25 × 26/25

∴ A = Rs. 2028

Given:

If x = 8, then y = 15

Formula:

If x is directly proportional to y, then x ∝ y

Calculation:

x ∝ y

⇒ x = k y                              (k = constant)

If x = 8 and y = 15

8 = k × 15

⇒ k = 8/15

If y = 10

⇒ x = 8/15 × 10

⇒ x = 16/3

Given:

The total quantity of mixture = 60 litres

The ratio of milk to water = 2 : 1

Formula:

If N is divided into a : b

First part = N × a/(a + b)

Second part = N × b/(a + b)

Calculation:

Quantity of milk in the mixture = 60 × (2/3) = 40 litres

⇒ Quantity of water in the mixture = 60 – 40 = 20 litres

Let added quantity of water be x

According to the question

40/(x + 20) = 1/2

⇒ 40 × 2 = (x + 20)

⇒ 80 = x + 20

⇒ x = 80 – 20

⇒ x = 60

∴ Added quantity of water is 60 litres

Given:

Total sum = Rs. 10000

Partly sum lent at rate of interest = 6%

Remaining sum lent at rate of interest = 10%

Average rate of interest = 9.2%

Formula:

Mixture and Allegation method:

a            b

       c

p      :     q

Where, a > c > b

(a – c) / (c – b) = q/p

Calculation:

6%                10%

         9.2%

0.8       :        3.2

⇒ Ratio of sum given at 6% and 10% = 0.8x : 3.2x = x : 4x

x + 4x = 10000

⇒ 5x = 10000

⇒ x = 10000/5

⇒ x = 2000

⇒ 4x = 2000 × 4

⇒ 4x = 8000

∴ The sum given at 10% rate of interest is Rs. 8000.

The state of Meghalaya comprises Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills.

Kangra is the most populous district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

So, ‘Kangra’ is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is "Kangra".

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

• Virgo, Pisces, and Cancer are the name of  astrological signs (zodiac signs).

​Whereas

• "Orion" is one of the brightest and best known constellations in the night sky.

Hence, the correct answer is "Orion".

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

All options except ‘Foot' are name of the different parts of a human hand.

 

Hence**,** the correct answer is "Foot".

All options except ‘igloo’ are different types of boat, while igloo is a type of shelter built of snow.

So, ‘igloo’ is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is "Igloo".

All options except ‘club’ provide accommodation facilities.

So, ‘Club’ is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is "Club".

The logic followed here is:

Liquor : Drink → Liquor is an alcoholic drink.

Similarly,

Tea : Beverage → Tea is an aromatic beverage.

Hence, the correct answer is "Tea : Beverage".

Logic: First Cause the second

Evaporation : Cloud → Clouds are created when water evaporates, an invisible gas, turns into liquid water droplets.So, cloud is formed because of evaporation.

Similarly,

Tension : Breakdown → Breakdown is caused due to different reasons including tension.

Hence, ‘Tension : Breakdown’ is the correct answer.

Logic: Second is the smaller form of first

Barrel - a cylindrical container bulging out in the middle, traditionally made of wooden staves with metal hoops round them.

Vial - a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for holding liquid medicines.

So, both barrel and vial are type of containers, where second one is smaller as compared to the first one.

Similarly,

Book – a written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers

Pamphlet – a small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments about a single subject.

Pamphlet is smaller form of book.

Hence, the correct answer is "Book : Pamphlet".

Logic:  First is the type of second.

Cream : Cosmetics → Cream is a type of cosmetic product.

Similarly,

Teak : Wood → Teak is a type of wood.

Hence, the correct answer is "Teak : Wood".

Logic:  Both are opposite to each other in some way.

Carnivore : Herbivore → Carnivore are flesh eating animals and herbivore are animals who eat plant, leaves and fruits. These two words are antonyms of each other.

Similarly,

Flesh and plant are antonyms of each other. As Flesh are dead and plants are live.

Hence, ‘Flesh : Plant’ is the correct answer.

The Common relation between Hamlet : Macbeth : Faustus is as shown below:

So, clearly they are characters from various dramas.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The logic followed here is:

 

So, clearly, these are sites of volcanoes.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

All are the units of Measurement.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :

All the cities are famous for Oil Fields.

Additional Information

Hence, the correct answer is "They are famous for oil fields".

The logic followed here is:

Similarity between all three letters is:

All are piece in the game of chess.

So,

We can say that "These are chessmen".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Additional Information

The logic follow here is:

All these personalities are belong to Bengal.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Voodoo → a black religious cult practised in the Caribbean and the southern US, combining elements of Roman Catholic ritual with traditional African magical and religious rites, and characterized by sorcery and spirit possession.

Sorcery → the use of magic, especially black magic

Necromancy → the supposed practice of communicating with the dead, especially in order to predict the future.

Clearly, they are terms connected with black magic.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

They are steel plants

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

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Clearly, these are leafy vegetables.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

They were famous poets.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed here is:

1. The arrow symbol in the first image is facing opposite direction as compared to the arrow in third image, arrow in second image is facing opposite direction as compared to arrow in fourth image, so definitely, the next image in the series will have arrow facing in opposite direction as compared to the arrow in fourth image.

2. If we observe the symbols other than arrow, they are showing clockwise movement one and two place alternatively.

So, the symbol in the figure that will continue the series must be at the north-east corner of the figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern followed here is:

1. If we observe the movement of arrow the inside the circle, we see that it is showing movement in anti-clockwise direction. So, the next image that will continue the series must have the arrow line facing north as shown in option 3 and 4.

In option 3, the small arrow is not attached with the circle, while in the entire series small arrow is attached with the circle.

So, it cannot be the correct answer figure.

Therefore, the next figure in the series will be option 4, as shown below.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is:

For Outer hexagon: One line is added in 2) step and hexagon moves one place clockwise. It is remain same in 3). One line is added in 4) step and hexagon moves one place clockwise. It is remain same in 5). One line is added in comming step and hexagon moves one place clockwise.

For innermost hexagon: In each alternative step one line is added and in other step it moves one step anticlockwise.

So, definitely, the next figure there must be 5 lines, as shown in option 4.

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

1. In figures (1), (3) and (5), the pattern of arrangement of rectangular box and the small shaded dot is same, the small change is that number of lines in the figure increases with each step.

2. In figures (2) and (4), the pattern of arrangement of rectangular box and the small shaded dot is same, so, the figure that will continue the series must have same arrangement of rectangular box and the small shaded dot, as shown in option 2 and 4.

But in option (4), the figure has two lines extra as compared to figure (5). So, it cannot be the correct answer as there should be an increase of one line only.

So, definitely, option (2) will continue the figure series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

1. In figures (1), (3) and (5), we see that the ‘dot’ in the figures moves in clockwise direction.

2. Again in figures (2) and (4), the ‘dot’ in the figures moves in clockwise direction. So, the next figure that will continue the series must have dots in the pattern as in options (1) and (3).

3. Again, the lines outside the square will continue in the pattern similar to figure (5).

So, option 3 will continue the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

In figure (X),

1. The dot lies in the region common to the rectangle and circle only.

On observing the given options carefully, we get:

Option (1) 

Here, dot doesn't lies in the region common to the rectangle and circle only.

Option (2)

Here, dot doesn't lies in the region common to the rectangle and circle only.

Option (3)

Here, dot doesn't lies in the region common to the rectangle and circle only.

Option (4) All required conditions are fulfilled.

Here, dot lies in the region common to the rectangle and circle only.

Only figure (4) consists of the same type of region.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

In figure (X), one dot lies in the region common to circle and triangle only

And the other dot lies in the region of circle only.

Only ‘option 3’ consists of both the type of regions.

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct one.

In figure (X), one dot lies in the region common to circle and triangle only, one dot lies in the region of circle only and one dot lies in the region of circle and square only. 

(1): 

One dot lies in the region of circle only and one dot lies in the region of circle and square only.

(2): 

One dot lies in the region common to circle and triangle only, one dot lies in the region of circle only.

(3): 

Only this option consists of all the three type of regions.

(4):   

One dot lies in the region common to circle and triangle only and one dot lies in the region of circle and square only.

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct one.

In figure (X), one dot lies in the region common to circle, square and rectangle only, one dot lies in the region common to triangle, rectangle and circle only and one dot lies in the region common to all the given shapes given. Only ‘option 2’ consists of all the three type of regions.

(1): 

One dot lies in the region common to circle, square and rectangle only and one dot lies in the region common to all the given shapes given.

(2): 

Only this figure consists all types of regions.

(3): 

None of dots lies in this figure.

(4): 

One dot lies in the region common to circle, square and rectangle only and one dot lies in the region common to triangle, rectangle and circle only.

As only option (2) consists all types of regions.

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct one.

In figure (X), one dot lies in the region common to circle and square only, one dot lies in the region common to triangle and rectangle only and one dot lies in the region common to circle and rectangle only. 

(1):  

One dot lies in the region common to triangle and rectangle only and one dot lies in the region common to circle and rectangle only.

(2):   

One dot lies in the region common to circle and square only and one dot lies in the region common to circle and rectangle only.

(3):    

One dot lies in the region common to circle and square only and one dot lies in the region common to circle and rectangle only.

(4):    

Only ‘option 4’ consists of all the three type of regions.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct one.

The option figure in which the given figure is embedded is shown below:

Hence, ‘the correct answer is "option (4)".