AFCAT 23 Feb 2014 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

Explanation

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. reformer.

• The passage speaks of the contribution of Gandhi.

• Firstly, 'reformer' refers to someone who makes changes to something in order to improve it.

• Based on this passage, it would mean that Gandhi awakened the masses in showing their disapproval towards those who oppressed them and condemning their acts towards the less privileged.

• An example of it is: "...like a beam of light that pierced the darkness and removed the scales from our eyes."

• Additionally, phrases like 'beam of light' and 'whirlwind' have been used to describe him; this helps identify his importance.

• The above sentence is a clear indicator of how Gandhi helped make the people aware about their plight or exploitation and helped them rise through it. This makes him a reformer.

• The other options would not be wrong to describe his contribution, however, option 2 is more comprehensive in doing that as well as more accurate based on the passage.

Therefore option 2 is the correct statement.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. oppressor.

• The passage speaks of the contribution of Gandhi.
• Based on this passage, Gandhi awakened the masses in showing their disapproval towards those who oppressed them.
• An example of it is: "*...*all of you who live by their exploitation; get rid of the system that produces this poverty and misery."
• This sentence helps provide the context for understanding, that the exploitation is being carried out by 'an oppressor.'

​

• The other options would not be wrong to describe his contribution, however, option 2 is more comprehensive in doing that as well as more accurate, as other options are characteristics or ways in which oppression was carried out; for instance, 'unjust systems.'
  

Therefore option 2 is the correct statement.

Explanation 

The correct answer is option 3 i.e.made the condemnation of the exploiter final.

• The passage speaks of the contribution of Gandhi.
• Firstly, 'condemnation' means expression of a strong disapproval.
• Based on this passage, it would mean that Gandhi awakened the masses in showing their disapproval towards those who oppressed them and condemning their acts towards the less privileged.
• An example of it is: "*...*all of you who live by their exploitation; get rid of the system that produces this poverty and misery."
• Additionally, phrases like 'beam of light' and 'whirlwind' have been used to describe him; this helps identify his importance.
• The above sentence is a clear indicator of how Gandhi helped make the people aware about their plight or exploitation and helped them rise through it.

​

• The other options would not be wrong to describe his contribution, however, option 3 is more comprehensive in doing that as well as more accurate. 
  

Therefore option 3 is the correct statement.

Explanation 

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. awakened us to the plight of the masses in the grip of oppressors.

• The passage speaks of the greatness and contribution of Gandhi.
• There are a lot of statements that point to his work in uplifting the oppressed.
• An example of it is: "*...*all of you who live by their exploitation; get rid of the system that produces this poverty and misery."
• The above sentence is a clear indicator of how Gandhi helped make the people aware about their plight or exploitation and helped them rise through it.

​

• The other options would not be wrong to describe his contribution, however, option 1 is more comprehensive in doing that as well as more accurate. Option 3 would be less correct as there is no mention of 'attacking' one's oppressors.
  

Therefore option 1 is the correct statement.

Explanation 

The correct option is 4 i.e. nothing.

'Nothing' refers to something of no importance or concern.

• The passage mainly speaks of hardships of the slum dwellers. Phrases like 'vagaries and hardships, 'drama,' 'tough,' etc. refer to the state of living for these people.
• The last sentence refers to the people's worries. However, the entire sentence describes them not having any illness because they have nothing to worry about.
• Nothing is a better word to use, since these slum dwellers are so poor and vulnerable to life's challenges that they do not fear the uncertainty anymore. This makes them hardy and also makes them worry about 'nothing.'

​

• In this case, options 1 and 2 would only be partially useful, since the beginning of the sentence speaks of 'no' illness which is naturally indicative of 'no' worries. Therefore, using everything or something would be wrong to use contextually. 
  

Therefore, the correct statement would read: "...there is, after all (6) nothing to worry about.**"

Explanation

The correct option is 4 i.e. have.

'Have' is a verb. It refers to possess, own, or hold.

• The passage mainly speaks of hardships of the slum dwellers. Phrases like 'vagaries and hardships, 'drama,' 'tough,' etc. refer to the state of living for these people.
• The sentence refers to illnesses like hypertension and heart diseases. Ailments are generally spoken about as 'having' them.

Lets look at what the other words would mean:

• Know means to have knowledge or information. This is not a suitable option as one does not 'know hypertension,' instead they 'experience or have it.'
• Provide refers to make available for use. Similar, to the previous option, one cannot 'provide hypertension..'
• Think means to have a particular belief or idea.
• From all above options, 'having hypertension' is the most suitable option.

Therefore, the correct statement would read: "They don’t (5) have hypertension and heart attacks..."

Explanation 

The correct option is 3 i.e. goes.

'Goes' is a verb. It refers to move from one place to another.

• The passage mainly speaks of hardships of the slum dwellers. Phrases like 'vagaries and hardships, 'drama,' 'tough,' etc. refer to the state of living for these people.
• The word 'drama' here is metaphorical in describing the life of these people. In a drama, the curtains on the stage are lifted before the show and come down at the end of the show.
• Similarly, here, the curtains 'go' up and come down to showcase the lives of these people.

​

Lets look at what the other words would mean:

• Hangs means suspend or be suspended from above with the lower part dangling free.
• Although, a curtain is usually described as 'hanging,' however, in this case it makes little sense to use this word.
• Hand is used in reference to the power to direct something. Again, this option makes little sense and therefore, need not be used.
• Shines means to glow or be bright with reflected light.​ Here, the curtain is followed by the blank space, which means the word following must describe it.
• It is unlikely that a 'curtain' shines and therefore, cannot be the correct option to use.
  

Therefore, the correct statement would read: "It is like a drama where the curtain (4) goes up in the morning and comes down in the evening.**"

Explanation 

The correct option is 4 i.e. brings.

'Brings is a verb. It refers to causing (something).  Also, 'brings' is indicative and indicates the coming of the day for the people and that fact is important.

• The passage mainly speaks of hardships of the slum dwellers. Phrases like 'vagaries and hardships, 'drama,' 'tough,' etc. refer to the state of living for these people.
• The word 'brings' in this case, would mean that the 'rising sun' brings the 'day'; it causes the day to begin and bring with it it's elements.
• The sentence also ends with speaking of the 'setting sun' as 'closing' the day.

​

Lets look at what the other words would mean:

• Ends means the termination of a state or situation. In this case, the rising sun would not mean the end of the day.
• Herald means a sign that (something) is about to happen.
• This is a plausible alternative. However, the second half of the sentence - 'closing' would indicate the 'beginning' as well. In this case, 'brings' would be a better word to use.
• Continued means ongoing action. Here again, the rising sun is the beginning of an action or day, and could not possibly mean continuation of the day. It would make less sense in the sentence.
  

​

Therefore, the correct statement would read: "The rising sun (3) brings the day and the setting sun closes the day for them.**"

Explanation 

The correct option is 3 i.e. exposed.

'Exposed' is an adjective. It refers to being in a vulnerable position or situation.

• The passage mainly speaks of hardships of the slum dwellers. Phrases like 'vagaries and hardships, 'drama,' 'tough,' etc. refer to the state of living for these people. Exposed clearly refers to their vulnerability to the various problems that they may face.

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Lets look at what the other words would mean:

• Independent means free from outside control, which is not the case for these people.
• Dependent means requiring someone or something for financial or other support. This could be a plausible option, however, the use of this in the context would be incorrect.
• This is because, they are 'not dependent on hardships'. They are just dependent in general, for financial support.
• Tried means to make an attempt or effort to do something. Here again, the slum dwellers are no 'trying to have hardships' and therefore, it would not be a correct fit for the sentence.
  

​

Therefore, the correct statement would read: "*...*they are totally (2) exposed to the vagaries and hardships of life."

Explanation 

The correct option is 3 i.e. hardy.

• 'Hardy' is an adjective. It refers to being capable of enduring difficult conditions.
• The passage mainly speaks of hardships of the slum dwellers. Phrases like 'vagaries and hardships, 'drama,' 'tough,' etc. refer to the state of living for these people.
• The use of the word is 'hardy' is more appropriate in this context, as the above phrases point to the difficult conditions they have to endure, which is similar in meaning to 'hardy.'

​

• It is quite possible to use the other options, however, (1) is conjoined with the word 'tough.' This means that the word prior to 'and' would be similar in meaning to 'tough.' Based on that, option 3 seems to be the perfect fit.
  

Therefore, the correct statement would read: "Those living in the slums are(1) hardy and tough..."

The correct answer is law-breaker.

Key Points

• Transgressors refer to those who are in an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct. (जो किसी कानून, नियम या आचार संहिता के खिलाफ जाने वाले कार्य में हैं)
• In other terms it would refer to someone who breaks the law or disobeys the law.
  
• Let us take a look at what the options mean:

1. Passenger: a traveller on a public or private conveyance other than the driver, pilot, or crew. (चालक, पायलट या चालक दल के अलावा सार्वजनिक या निजी वाहन पर एक यात्री।)
2. Law-breaker: a person who breaks the law. (एक व्यक्ति जो कानून तोड़ता है।)
3. Protector: a person or thing that protects someone or something. (वह व्यक्ति या वस्तु जो किसी की या किसी वस्तु की रक्षा करती हो)
4. Comrade: a colleague or a fellow member of an organization. (एक सहकर्मी या किसी संगठन का साथी सदस्य)

• ​From the above words, 'law breaker' seems like the nearest word, as it speaks of someone who breaks the law and has little regard for rules, similar to 'transgressors.'
  

Therefore option 2 is the nearest to the given word.

The correct answer is atrocious.

Key Points

• Egregious refers to being outstandingly bad. (बहुत बुरा होना)
• In other terms, it would refer to something shocking or horrifying.
  

Let us take a look at what the options mean:

• Common: occurring, found, or done often. (सामान्य)
• Social: relating to society or its organization. (समाज से संबंधित)
• Plain: simple or basic in character. (चरित्र में सरल ।)
• Atrocious: extremely bad or unpleasant. (अत्यंत बुरा या अप्रिय)

Additional Information

• ​From the above words, 'atrocious' seems like the nearest word, as it speaks of extremely bad, horrifying, or unpleasant quality, similar to 'egregious.'
• Let's see an example: 
• All are thought to exemplify egregious examples of where free speech can harm.

The correct answer is Option 3.

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word and the marked option-
• Predilection: a preference or special liking for something. In other terms, it would refer to a bias in favor of something.
  

Example: a predilection for spicy food.

• Aversion means a strong dislike or disinclination
• Example: expressed an aversion to parties
• Hence, from the above meanings, we find that both words are opposite in meaning.
  
• Now let's look at the meaning of other given options-
• Oblivion: the state of being unaware or unconscious of what is happening around one.
• Objectivity: not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.
• Defeat: If you defeat someone, you win a victory over them in a battle, game, or contest.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. harmonious.

• Cacophonous refers to involving or producing a harsh, disturbing mixture of sounds..
• In other terms it would refer to a noise or disruption of sounds.
  
• Let us take a look at what the options mean:

1. Tamed: make less powerful and easier to control.
2. Harmonious: forming a pleasing or consistent whole or being tuneful.
3. Domestic: of or for use in the home rather than in an industrial or office environment.
4. Silent: not making or accompanied by any sound.
   

• ​From the above words, 'harmonious' seems like the most opposite word, as it speaks of being tuneful and a pleasant thing as compared to cacophonous which refers to being more discordant and harsh.
• Additionally, 'silent' could be a good alternative, however, the opposite to a harsh sound would be a pleasant sound rather than no sound at all.

Therefore option 2 is the nearly opposite to the word.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. eulogy.

• Calumny means the making of false and defamatory statements about someone in order to damage their reputation.
• In other terms it would refer to a form of insult or defamation.
  
• Let us take a look at what the options mean:

1. Apology: a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure.
2. Eulogy: a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, especially a tribute to someone who has just died.
3. Enjoyment: the state or process of taking pleasure in something.
4. Reservation: act of retaining for future use.
   

• ​From the above words, 'eulogy' seems like the most opposite word, as it speaks of a praise or tribute to someone as compared to 'calumny' which is more like an insult or slander.

Therefore option 2 is the nearly opposite to the word.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. ambidextrous.

Key Points

Ambidextrous refers to being able to use the right and left hands equally well.

Let us see what the other options mean:

1. Dexterous: showing or having skill, especially with the hands.
2. Skillful: having or showing skill.
3. Expert: a person who is very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area.
   

• Based on the options above, option 2 suits the phrase best.
• An example of a sentence is:  Jack is an ambidextrous hitter; he can bat right - handed or left - handed.
  

Therefore, option 2 best defines the given phrase.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. biography.

Key Points

Biography refers to an account of someone's life written by someone else.

Let us see what the other options mean:

1. Autobiography: an account of a person's life written by the person themselves.
2. Epigraph: a short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to suggest its theme.
3. Novel: a fictitious prose narrative of book length.
   

• Based on the options above, option 3 suits the phrase best.
• An example of a sentence is: He wrote a biography of Winston Churchill.
  

Therefore, option 3 best defines the given phrase.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. diagnosis.

Key Points

Diagnosis refers to the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.

Let us see what the other options mean:

1. Prescription: an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued with a medicine or treatment.
2. Prognosis: the likely course of a medical condition.
3. Biopsy: an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.
   

• Based on the options above, option 3 suits the phrase best.
• An example of a sentence is: She is an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.
  

Therefore, option 3 best defines the given phrase.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. insomnia.

Key Points

Insomnia refers to an inability to sleep or persistent problems falling and staying asleep.

• Let's look at the meaning of the other words:

1. ​Amnesia: a partial or total loss of memory.
2. Utopia: an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect.
3. Nausea: a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit.

• *An example of a sentence is: *When insomnia chases sleep away, counting sheep or tossing and turning all night seem to be the only alternatives.**
  

Therefore, option 4 best defines the given phrase.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. pedantic.

Pedantic means excessively concerned with minor details or rules.

• In this case it would mean that a writer's display of knowledge is very detailed and intricate.
• Let's take a look at what the other words mean:

1. Verbose: using or expressed in more words than are needed.
2. Ornate: elaborately or highly decorated.
3. Pompous: grand, solemn, or self-important.

​

• A pedant is a person who is excessively concerned with formalism, accuracy, and precision, or one who makes an ostentatious and arrogant show of learning.
• An example of a sentence is: Some people can be very pedantic about punctuation.
  

Therefore, option 2 best defines the given phrase.

Explanation

The correct spelling is option 3 i.e. reminiscent.

• Reminiscent refers to tending to remind one of something.
• In this case it would mean remembering memories shared with school alumni.
• An example is as follows: His smile was reminiscent of earlier years when he was more happy.

​

• Reminiscent is the adjective form of the word 'to reminisce.'
  

Therefore, the statement would read: The school alumni gathering put us in a reminiscent mood.

Explanation

The correct spelling is option 3 i.e. blasphemous.

• Blasphemous refers to the action or offense of speaking sinfully about God or sacred things.
• In this case it would mean making a statement like 'God is dead' would be offensive.
• An example is as follows: The book was declared blasphemous and all copies ordered to be burnt.

​

• Blasphemous is the adjective form of the word 'blasphemy.'
  

Therefore, the statement would read: 'God is dead is a blasphemous statement.'

Explanation

The correct spelling is option 1 i.e. trepidation.

• Trepidation refers to a feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen.
• In this case it would mean being fearful or anxious about the epidemic.
• An example is as follows: I begin to feel a little trepidation at the possibility of getting a job in the US.
  

Therefore, the statement would read: The threat of an epidemic caused great alarm and trepidation.

The correct spelling is option 2 i.e. resurrect.

Key Points 

• Resurrect means to revive or revitalize (something that is inactive, disused, or forgotten) or to restore (a dead person) to life. (पुनर्जीवित करने या पुनर्जीवित करने के लिए (कुछ ऐसा जो निष्क्रिय, अप्रयुक्त, या भुला दिया गया है) या जीवन के लिए (एक मृत व्यक्ति) को पुनर्स्थापित करने के लिए।)
• In this case, it would mean to wake/raise the dead.
• An example is as follows: He is trying to resurrect his acting career.

Important Points 

• 'Resurrect' is the verb form. The noun form of the word is 'resurrection.'

Therefore, the statement would read: The din caused by the children howling is enough to resurrect the dead.

The correct answer is 'Manoeuvre'.

Key Points

• The correct spelling is option 3 i.e. manoeuvre.
• Manoeuvre is a movement or series of moves requiring skill and care. In this case it would mean making skilled movements to park the car.
• An example is as follows: With a quick manoeuver, she avoided an accident.
• The spelling 'manoeuvre' is preferred in Canada and Britain, while 'maneuver' prevails in the United States.

Therefore, the statement would read: *Can you manoeuvre the car into the parking spot?*​

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Lord Canning.

• Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India during the ‘Sepoy Mutiny’.
• Lord Canning was the first Viceroy and last Governor-General of India.
• The remarriage of Hindu widows was first legalised by Canning.
• He introduced income tax in India.
• Doctrine of lapse was officially withdrawn by Canning.
• Sepoy Mutiny is well known as India's first attempt to gain freedom from the British.
• The sepoy mutiny started at Meerut on 10^th May 1857.
• Mangal Pandey was the first martyr of 1857 revolt.
• The English called the revolt as 'Devil's wind'.
• The revolt was suppressed in 1858.

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e., Dadar & Nagar Haveli were under French colonial rule till 1954.

• Dadar & Nagar Haveli were under French colonial rule till 1961.
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli were completely under the Portuguese rule from 1783 to 1954.
• In 1954 India start capturing the areas and administered as the de-facto state.
• The 10^th Amendment of the Constitution of India was passed in 1961 and integrated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a union territory.
• Goa attained full statehood in 1987.
• The Portuguese invaded Goa in 1510.
• Indian Army invaded and annexed Goa in 1961.
• Goa is well known as India's smallest state by area.
• Diu is an island in the Gulf of Khambhat.
• Daman is the capital of the Daman and Diu.
• Daman & Diu were separated from Goa by the 56th Amendment of the Constitution of India.
• As per the latest updates, Parliament passed legislation to merge Daman and Diu with the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to create a new union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Potomac.

Key Points

• Washington DC situated on the Potomac River.
• Washington DC is the capital city of the United States of America.
• This capital city was named after George Washington, the first president of the United States.
• The headquarters of the International Monetary Fund is located at Washington DC.
• The Potomac River flows through the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
• It is the wildest river in the world that flows through a heavily populated area.

Additional Information

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Its speed may or may not change.

• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
• $Acceleration = {Velocity \over Time}$
• Whenever a body accelerated its velocity definitely changes.
• Acceleration occurs anytime an object's speed increases or decreases, or it changes direction.
• If the speed of the body is increasing, the body has positive acceleration.
• If the speed of the body is decreasing, the body has negative acceleration.
• Therefore when the body is accelerated Its speed may or may not change.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e None of the above.

• The United Nations (UN) is a world organisation that aims to maintain international peace and security.
• Formed on 24^th October 1945.
• Headquarters: New York City.
• Current Secretary‑General of UN: Antonio Guterres.
• The UN has six principal organs:

1. The General Assembly.
2. The Security Council.
3. The Economic and Social Council.
4. The Trusteeship Council.
5. The International Court of Justice.
6. The UN Secretariat.

• UN has some specialized agencies that carry out various functions on behalf of the UN, namely:
• International Labor Organization.
• International Maritime Organization.
• International Monetary Fund.
• Universal Postal Union.
• International Atomic Energy Agency.
• International Organization for Migration.
• World Bank Group.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Supersonic cruise missile.

Key Points

• The BRAHMOS is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile.
• It's developed as a joint venture between Russia and India.
• Developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Mashinostroyenia (NPOM) of Russia.
• BRAHMOS is the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.
• The name BrahMos is taken from two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.
• Agni-I, Agni-II are examples of Medium-range ballistic missiles.
• Prahaar is an example of an Indian tactical ballistic missile.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e., Watt 

• Watt is the SI unit of Power.
• The unit watt is named after scientist James Watt.
• $1\ Watt = 1 {Joule\over Second}$
• Joule is the SI unit of Energy.
• The unit Joule is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule.
• Kg⋅m²⋅s^-2 is the SI base unit of Joule.
• The electron volt is the unit of energy commonly used in atomic and nuclear physics.
• The calorie is a unit of energy commonly used in nutrition.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Samudragupta.

• Samudragupta was a ruler of the Gupta Empire who ruled during 335 CE-375 CE.
• He is also known as the ‘Napoleon of India'.
• Historian A V Smith complimented Samudragupta as the Indian Napoleon.
• Allahabad Pillar inscription and Eran stone inscription are the two inscriptions discovered from Samudragupta's reign.
• Samudragupta was succeeded by Gupta emperor Chandragupta II.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Dadabhai Naoroji.

• Dadabhai Naoroji Dordi also known as the "Grand Old Man of India".
• Co-founder of the Indian National Congress.
• Father of Indian Economics.
• The propounder of 'Drain theory in India'.
• The first person attempted to calculate National income in India.
• Notable works:
• Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.
• The European and Asiatic races.
• Condition of India.
• The European and Asiatic races.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Parliament.

Key Points

• Parliament has the power to regulate the right of citizenship in India.
• Only the parliament can make provisions relating to citizenship.
• This unique power of parliament is mentioned in Article 11 of the Indian constitution.
• Parliament enacted the citizenship act in 1955.
• It was recently amended by the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019.
• It added that any person belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian community from Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan, who
• Entered into India on or before the 31st day of December, 2014 and who has been exempted by the Central Government by or under clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 3 of the Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920 or from the application of the provisions of the Foreigners Act, 1946 or any rule or order made thereunder, shall not be treated as illegal migrant for the purposes of this Act.
• Asper the citizenship act 1955, a person can acquire citizenship in 5 ways:

1. By Birth.
2. By Descend.
3. By Registration.
4. By Naturalisation.
5. By Incorporation of territory.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Chenab 

• Baglihar Hydroelectric power project or Baglihar Dam is a gravity dam.
• Located at the Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Dam was dedicated to the nation by former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2008.
• The Chenab is the largest tributary of the Indus river.
• Ancient name: ​Asikni.
• The Ratle hydroelectric power station being built on the Chenab River.
• The Dul Hasti power plant is situated in Chandra River.
• Short Memory Trick: China Bag (Chenab-Baglihar Dam).

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Vijay Amritraj.

• Vijay Amritraj is a former Indian tennis player.
• He appointed as United Nations ambassador for peace, ‘Messenger of Peace’ in 2001.
• He founded The 'Vijay Amritraj Foundation' in 2006
• Honoured with Padma Shri in 1983.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Second.

• Indian Women’s hockey team secured the second position in Asian Champions Trophy 2013.
• It was the third edition of the Women's Asian Champions Trophy.
• Host country: Japan.
• Japan won their first title after defeating India in the final.
• Malaysia secured the third position.
• The fifth edition of the Women's Asian Champions were Trophy conducted in 2018.
• Host country: South Korea.
• South Korea won the third title after defeating India in the final.
• India secured the second position.
• China secured the third position.
• Indian players Andana Katariya and Navneet Kaur became top scorers

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Femur.

• The femur is the longest bone in the human body.
• Femur is also called as thighbone.
• The femur is the only bone in the upper leg.
• The study of bones is called as Osteology.
• Calcium is the metal that is abundant in bones.
• Stapes is the smallest bone in the human body.
• Stapes is an ear bone.
• Fibula and Tibia are the Leg (Shank) bones.
• Radius and Ulna are the two large bones of the forearm.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Inside the brain.

• A US team of scientists has found that the mechanism responsible for the aging process is located in the hypothalamus inside the brain.
• The experiment was conducted using mice.
• Scientists proved that they could make fine adjustments to shorten or lengthen the lives of animals.
• The experiment shows that a chemical called NF-kB became more active in the hypothalamus of mice as they got older.
• The brain is the center of the nervous system in the human body.
• The average weight if the brain in adults is about 1400 grams.
• Meninges is the protective membrane that envelops the brain.
• Hypothalamus is a part of the brain that helps to maintain the normal constitution of the blood.
• Hypothalamus is the center for hunger, thirst, sleep, temperature, love, and hate.
• The hypothalamus helps for the secretion of pituitary hormones.
• Oxytocin and Vasopressin are the hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Corona.

Key Points

• Corona is the outermost layer of the Sun.
• It experiences a very high temperature, about one million degrees Celcius.
• It starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere.
• Corona isn't visible from the earth (except during solar eclipse).
• The corona does not have an upper limit.
• Photosphere, the Chromosphere, the Transition Region, and the Corona are the outer layers of the sun.
• Granules on the sun's photosphere are due to the convection currents of plasma within the Sun's convective zone.

Important Points

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Jamsedji Tata.

Key Points

• Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore was established in 1909.
• Founders: Jamsedji Tata and Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV.
• The first Indian Director Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore was Sir C.V. Raman.
• The current Director is Anurag Kumar.
• Awarded the Institute of Eminence status in 2018.

Important Points

The correct answer is option 2 i.e., Arjuna Award.

Key Points

• Arjuna Award is a sports award.
• Arjuna award is given to recognise outstanding achievements in sports.
• Instituted in 1961.
• Awarded by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• In 2019 there are 19 sportspersons honoured with the Arjuna Award.

Important Points

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Mediterranean Sea-Red Sea.

Key Points

• Suez Canal is a famous artificial sea-level waterway located in Egypt.
• It connects two water bodies namely the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.
• Suez canal considered defining the border between Africa and Asia.
• Construction of the canal begins in 1859 and completed within 10 years.
• Officially opened on 17 November 1869.
• Suez Canal was owned by the United Kingdom and France until 1956.
• The canal was restored to Egyptian sovereignty in 1956.
• The Canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of Egypt.
• The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Kashmir.

• Rajatarangini historical book written by historian Kalhana.
• Rajatarangini was written in the Sanskrit language.
• The meaning of the word Rajatarangini is The River of Kings.
• This deals with the history of the north-western Indian subcontinent, the kings of Kashmir.
• The Book contains 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves).

The correct answer is option 1 i.e This day was being celebrated as the Independence Day since 1929.

• The date of 26 January was chosen to commemorate the declaration of independence by the Indian National Congress on 26 January 1930.
• The Indian National Congress passed the historic 'Purna Swaraj' resolution on 19 December 1929 at the Lahore session.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the INC President during the Lahore session.
• Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the Indian flag on 31 December 1929 on the banks of the Ravi river as a part of the Purna Swaraj declaration.
• The Purna Swaraj resolution proclaimed on 26 January 1930.
• The final draft of the Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949
• The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.

The correct answer is North Korea - Seoul.

Key Points

• Seoul is the capital of South Korea.
• The capital of North Korea is Pyongyang.

Additional Information

• North Korea is a country in East Asia.
• Capital: Pyongyang.
• Supreme Leader: Kim Jong-un.
• Currency: North Korean won.
• Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia.
• Capital: Jakarta.
• President: Joko Widodo.
• Currency: Indonesian rupiah.
• The Maldives is an island nation in South Asia.
• Capital: Male.
• President: Mohamed Muizzu.
• Currency: Maldivian rufiyaa.
• Zimbabwe is a country in southern Africa.
• Capital: Harare
• President: Emmerson Mnangagwa.
• Currency: Zimbabwean Dollar. (Note: Zimbabwe has introduced a new gold-backed currency called ZiG - the name stands for "Zimbabwe Gold".)
• South Korea is a country in East Asia.
• Capital: Seoul
• Currency: South Korean Won
• President: Yoon Suk-Yeol

Given:

Cost of article = Rs. 50

Rate of inflation = 300%

Formula:

If a number increase by x%, then increased number = Actual number × (100 + x)/100

Calculation:

Cost of article after two years = 50 × (400/100) × (400/100) = Rs. 800

Let the cost of the article after two years be Rs. 'x' 

and x = P(1 + r/100)²; where P = initial cost of article, r = inflation rate

⇒ x = 50(1 + 300/100)²

⇒ x = 50 × 16

⇒ x = Rs. 800

Shortcut Trick

For a dishonest dealer selling at cost price, the gain is calculated directly on the false weight given:

Gain % = [Error ÷ False Weight] × 100

⇒ Error = 1000 g − 900 g = 100 g

⇒ Gain % = (100 ÷ 900) × 100

⇒ Gain % = 100/9%

∴ The correct answer is 100/9%.

Alternate Method

Given:

True weight claimed = 1 kg = 1000 grams

False weight used by shopkeeper = 900 grams

Billed Weight (Selling Price) = 1000 g Actual Weight (Cost Price) = 900 g 100g Profit

Calculations:

Let the Cost Price (CP) of 1 gram of groceries be &rupee;1.

⇒ Total CP of the actual goods given (900 grams) = 900 × 1 = &rupee;900

The shopkeeper professes to sell at the CP of 1 kg (1000 grams), so he charges the customer for 1000 grams.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) charged for the 900 grams = 1000 × 1 = &rupee;1000

⇒ Gain = SP − CP = 1000 − 900 = &rupee;100

⇒ Gain % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Gain % = (100 ÷ 900) × 100

⇒ Gain % = 100/9%

∴ The correct answer is 100/9%.

Additional Information

Dishonest Dealer Concept

When a dealer sells goods at Cost Price but uses a false weight, the profit is made entirely on the weight stolen. The profit percentage must always be calculated on the actual weight delivered to the customer (False Weight). Profit % = [Error ÷ (True Weight − Error)] × 100.

Successive Changes

If a shopkeeper cheats by x% while buying and y% while selling, his overall estimated profit percentage can be calculated using the successive formula: (x + y + x×y ÷ 100)%.

Markup and Discount Relation

If an item is artificially marked up by M% above the Cost Price and a discount of D% is later offered, the net Profit or Loss percentage is: (M − D − M×D ÷ 100)%.

Given:

Cost price of a bullock and a cart = Rs. 1800

Formula:

Mixture and Allegation method:

a            b

      c

p     :     q

Where, a > c > b

(a – c)/(c – b) = q/p

Calculation:

Using mixture allegation method:

30%            20%

      (155/6%)

Multiply by 6 in each percentage, then

180%            120%

          155%

35         :          25

Cost ratio of cart to bullock = 35 : 25 or 7x : 5x

⇒ 7x + 5x = 1800

⇒ 12x = 1800

⇒ x = 1800/12

⇒ x = 150

∴ Cost of bullock = 5 × 150 = Rs. 750

Given:

Total number of students in the hostel were = 35

Formula:

Average = Sum of all observations/Total number of all observation

Calculation:

Let the average expenditure be Rs. x

According to the question

35x + 42 = 42 (x – 1)

⇒ 35x + 42 = 42x – 42

⇒ 42x – 35x = 42 + 42

⇒ 7x = 84

⇒ x = 84/7

⇒ x = 12

∴ Initial expenditure was = 12 × 35 = Rs. 420

Given:

Total number of students in the class = 24

Formula:

Average = Total sum of all observations/Total number of all observations

Calculation:

Let the average age of 24 men be x

⇒ Sum of age of 24 men = 24x

If a man replaced, then average age of 24 men = (x – 1/12)

⇒ If a man replaced, then sum of age of 24 men = 24 (x – 1/12) = 24x – 2

Let weight of new man be y

According to the question

24x – 18 + y = 24x – 2

⇒ y = 24x – 2 – 24x + 18

⇒ y = 16

∴ Age of new comer is 16 years.

Given:

Sum of two numbers = 85

LCM of two numbers = 102

Formula:

The least number which is exactly divisible by each of the given numbers is called the least common multiple of those numbers.

Calculation:

With the help of options

Let’s check option 4.

The two numbers are 51 and 34.

⇒ Sum of 51 + 34 = 85 (satisfied)

51 = 3 × 17

34 = 2 × 17

⇒ LCM of 51 and 34 = 2 × 3 × 17 = 102 (satisfied)

∴ We can say the two numbers are 51 and 34.

Short Trick:

Choose two numbers which are factors of 102, only 51 and 34 are two numbers which are factors of 102.

Given:

Food is sufficient for 200 soldiers for = 31 days

Formula:

Total work = Efficiency × Time

M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂

Calculation:

Total food = 200 × 31

Food consumed in 27 days = 200 × 27

⇒ Remaining food = 200 × 31 – 200 × 27 = 200 × 4

If 120 soldiers left the army, then number of remaining soldiers = 200 – 120 = 80

Let food sufficient for 80 solders for x days

According to the question

80 × x = 200 × 4

⇒ x = (200 × 4)/80

∴ x = 10 days

Concept:

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below:

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket,

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Calculation:

Let the number be x, then

According to the question

[(x + 10) × 7]/5 – 5 = 88 × 1/2

⇒ [(x + 10) × 7]/5 – 5 = 44

⇒ [(x + 10) × 7]/5 = 44 + 5

⇒ (x + 10) × 7 = 49 × 5

⇒ (x + 10) = (49 × 5)/7

⇒ x + 10 = 35

⇒ x = 35 – 10

⇒ x = 25

∴ The number is 25.

Formula:

Average = sum of all observations/total number of all observations

Calculation:

Let the average expenditure of 19 people be x, then

According to the question

19x = 13 × 79 + 6 × (x + 4)

⇒ 19x = 13 × 79 + 6x + 24

⇒ x = 80.84

∴ Total money spent = 80.84 × 19 = Rs. 1536.07

Given:

If both typist work together, then they complete the work in = 6 min

Formula:

Total work = Efficiency × Time

Calculation:

Let efficiency of first and second typist be x and y respectively, then

⇒ Total work = (x + y) × 6     ----(1)

If 1/5 of work left, then done work = 1 – 1/5 = 4/5

According second condition

Total work × 4/5 = (4x + 6y)

⇒ Total work = (4x + 6y) × 5/4      ----(2)

From equation (1) and equation (2)

(x + y) × 6 = (4x + 6y) × 5/4

⇒ 24x + 24y = 20x + 30y

⇒ 24x – 20x = 30y – 24y

⇒ 4x = 6y

⇒ x/y = 6/4

⇒ x : y = 3 : 2

Total work = (3 + 2) × 6 = 30 unit

∴ Slower typist can complete the work in = 30/2 = 15 minutes

Given:

Total number of coins = 220

Total value of coins = Rs. 160

Calculation:

Let number of 25 paise coins be x, then

⇒ Number of 1 rupee coins = 3x

⇒ Number of 50 paise coins = 220 – 4x

According to the question

(220 – 4x)/2 + x/4 + 3x = 160

⇒ 110 – 2x + x/4 + 3x = 160

⇒ x + x/4 = 160 – 110

⇒ 5x/4 = 50

⇒ x = 50 × 4/5

⇒ x = 40

∴ Number of 50 paise coins = 220 – 4 × 40 = 220 – 160 = 60

Given:

Sum of two numbers is equal to thrice their difference.

Calculation:

Let larger number be x

According to the question

(x + 10) = 3 (x – 10)

⇒ x + 10 = 3x – 30

⇒ 3x – x = 30 + 10

⇒ 2x = 40

⇒ x = 40/2

⇒ x = 20

Given:

Amount paid = Rs. 22500

Time = 10 years

Rate = 10 years

Formula:

SI = Prt/100

Calculation:

Let Principal be Rs. x, then

SI = 22500 – x

According to the question

(22500 – x) = (x × 10 × 10)/100

⇒ 22500 – x = x

⇒ 2x = 22500

⇒ x = 22500/2

⇒ x = 11250

∴ The sum is Rs. 11250.

Smart Method

Total interest for 10 years = 10 × 10 = 100%

It means principal has become double after 10 years.

∴ Principal = Amount/2 = 22500/2 = 11250.

Given:

The sum of money invested at simple interest triples itself in = 8 years

Formula:

SI = Prt/100

Calculation:

Let the sum be Rs. x, then

Amount will be after 8 years = 3x

⇒ SI = 3x – x = 2x

According to the question

2x = (x × 8 × r)/100                 (r = rate of interest)

⇒ r = 200/8

⇒ r = 25%

Again,

SI = (x × 20 × 25)/100

⇒ SI = 5x

Amount = 5x + x = 6x

∴ Amount becomes = 6x/x = 6 times

Formula:

(a³ – b³) = (a – b) (a² + ab + b²)

Calculation:

$\frac{{69{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}69{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}69{\rm{;}}-{\rm{;}}65{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}65{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}65}}{{69; \times ;69; + ;69; \times ;65; + ;65; \times ;65}}$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{;}}\frac{{{{69}^3}{\rm{;}} - {\rm{;}}{{65}^3}}}{{69{;^2}; + ;69; \times ;65; + ;{{65}^2}}}$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{;}}\frac{{\left( {69 - 65} \right)(69{;^2}; + ;69; \times ;65; + ;{{65}^2})}}{{(69{;^2}; + ;69; \times ;65; + ;{{65}^2})}}$

⇒ 4

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “K” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “N, C” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “R” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

A + 2 = C; B + 2 = D; C + 2 = E and so on.

Similarly,

Thus, STUDENT is coded as ‘UVWFGPV’.

Hence, “UVWFGPV” is the correct answer.

The position of letter according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern followed is,

Logic: The letters are coded with the letter opposite to it.

From the table, we get the following opposite pairs with respect to the word “EDITOR”:

Thus, EDITOR is coded as ‘VWRGLI’.

Hence, the correct answer is "VWRGLI".

The logic followed here is:

Rustle is the sound of leaves.

Similarly,

Patter is the sound of Rain.

Additional Information

Hence, the correct answer is "Rain".

The logic followed here is:

• Indiscreet and Imprudent are synonyms.

Similarly,

• The synonym of Indisposed is reluctant.

Hence, the correct answer "reluctant".

Additional Information

the logic followed hare is:

• Lack of carefulness causes Accidents.

Similarly,

• Lack of sanitation causes diseases.

Hence,  the correct answer is "Sanitation".

Additional Information 

We can use Venn diagrams to understand the meaning of the options in the following manner:

Thus, we can conclude that trees fly in the air.

Thus, we can conclude that some boys are honest.

Thus, we can conclude that some artists like dance.

4. The statement “All liars are not thieves” implies that some liars are thieves and the rest are not.

Thus, the statement “all liars are criminals” is only a possibility and hence doubtful.

Hence, option 4 is the required answer.

We can use Venn diagrams to understand the meaning of the options in the following manner:

Thus, “boys are tall” is a possibility but not a definite case. Therefore, this conclusion is doubtful.

Those birds who can fly are animals. Therefore, the conclusion is correct.

Therefore, we can conclude that men float in water.

Therefore, we conclude that some mobiles are living things whereas some are non-living.

Hence, option 1 is the required answer.

We can use Venn diagrams to understand the meaning of the options in the following manner:

Thus, some clever can read. Therefore, the conclusion is correct.

We cannot establish a relation between those who fail and those who are criminals.

Therefore, the conclusion is doubtful.

Those liars who are thieves are criminals.

Therefore, the conclusion is correct.

All trees being green are black.

Thus, the conclusion is correct.

Hence, option 2 is the required answer.

According to the given information,

Assumption i: This is implicit because the mother refrains the child from eating things which are not good for her child’s teeth.

Assumption ii: This is implicit, because the mother mentioned that she would not let the child eat things which are not good for his health and she refrained him from eating sweets.

Assumption iii: This is implicit because the statement is her command. Therefore, it is implicit that she holds the authority to make the decisions for her child.

Hence, all assumptions are implicit.

According to the given information,

Assumption i: This is not implicit, since nothing is suggested about the hierarchy of the judicial system

Assumption ii: This is implicit, because it is mentioned that Supreme court is the last resort, which implies that the Supreme court is not as inactive as the executive.

Assumption iii: This is not implicit, nothing about powers of the Executive is mentioned in the statement.

Hence, “only (ii)” is implicit.

The logic followed here is:

• Hazaribagh, Kanha and Bandipur are National parks.

Whereas,

• Tsangpo is a river.

So, “Tsangpo” is least like the other words in the group.

Hence, the correct answer is "Tsangpo".

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

• Wheat, mustard and gram are Rabi crops.

Whereas,

• Rice is a kharif crop.

Here, “rice” is least like the other words in the group.

Hence, the correct answer is "Rice".

Additional InformationRavi Crop: Rabi crops are known as winter crops. They are grown in October or November. The crops are then harvested in spring. These crops require frequent irrigation because these are grown in dry areas. 

Kharif Crop: The Kharif cropping season starts with the onset of the Indian subcontinent’s monsoon. Kharif crops are typically sown at the beginning of the first monsoon rains (depends on region to region).

The logic followed here is:

• Creche is a place where infants are taken care of.

Similarly,

• School is a place where pupils are educated.

Hence,  the correct answer is "School: Pupils".

Additional Information

the logic followed here is:

• Pesticides are used for safety of plants.

Similarly,

• Vaccination is used for safety of the body.

Hence, the correct answer is "vaccination: body".

Additional InformationInjection is used in prevention of Disease.

Medicine is used to Cure of Disease.

Teachers are for teaching students.

The logic followed here is:

• Glance is to stare with high intensity.

Similarly,

• Gulp is to sip with high intensity.

Hence, the correct answer is “gulp: sip".

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

• Ecstasy and Pleasure are synonyms to each other.

Similarly,

• Rage and Anger are synonyms.

Hence,  the correct answer is "rage: anger".

Additional Information

Necromancy is an act that involves communicating with the ghosts.

Similarly,

Sorcery is an act that involves use of evil spirits.

Hence,the correct answer is “sorcery: spirit”.

Additional Information

Firm and Flabby are antonyms.

Similarly,

The antonym of Piquant is Bland.

Hence, the correct answer is "Bland".

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

• The concept of Vitamins was formulated by Casimir Funk.

Similarly,

• Marie Curie discovered radium.

Hence, the correct answer is "radium".

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

• Food can get contaminated if not taken care of properly.

Similarly,

• Body can get infected if not taken care of properly.

Hence, the correct answer is "body".

Additional Information

The figure which complete the pattern of question figure is given below:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

The figure which complete the pattern of question figure is given below:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (2)".

The figure which complete the pattern of question figure is given below:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (2)".

The answer figure which fits into the blank column in incomplete figure in order to complete it is,

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

The pattern followed is,

The codes for different figures are,

From JS and JQ, we get:

From RM and RS, we get:

From LM we get:

The code that matches the answer figure is ‘LQ’.

Hence, ‘”LQ” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

The diagrammatical representation of the given letters is,

The code for the answer figure is ‘SM’.

Hence, “SM” is the correct answer.