SSC GD Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 21st February 2019 Shift 1)

Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, H and G

1. A is opposite F and second to the right of E. G is between C and A. H is to the left of E**.**

2. H is to the left of E**.** Hence, H can not be to the right of E and left friends are B & D with us.

Hence, either B or D is the correct answer.

Among the given numbers, except 161, all are prime numbers.

161 = 7 × 23

Hence, ‘161’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is :

12 + 10 = 22

22 + 20 = 42

42 + 40 = 82

82 + 80 = 162

Hence, ‘162’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Multiples of 8 are added in the every next term as follows:

Hence, ‘80’ is the correct answer.

Provided equation:

18 + 3 × 27 − 9 ÷ 3 = 78

(A) + and ×

Left 18 × 3 + 27 − 9 ÷ 3

= 18 × 3 + 27 - 3

= 54 + 27 - 3

= 81 - 3

= 78 = Right

B) + and ÷

18 ÷ 3 × 27 - 9 + 3

= 6 × 27 - 9 + 3

= 162 - 9 + 3

= 153 + 3

= 156 ≠ 78

C) – and ÷

18 + 3 × 27 ÷ 9 − 3

= 18 + 3 × 3 - 3

= 18 + 9 - 3

= 27 - 3

= 24 ≠ 78

D) + and -

18 - 3 × 27 + 9 ÷ 3

= 18 - 3 × 27 + 3

= 18 - 54 + 3

= 21 - 54

= -33 ≠ 78

Hence, ‘+ and ×’ is the correct answer.

The number at the top is equal to the product of sum and difference of two numbers at the bottom as follows:

→ (6 + 3) × (6 − 3) = 9 × 3 = 27

→ (6 + 5) × (6 − 5) = 11 × 1 = 11

Similarly,

→ (x + 4) × (x − 4) = 20

→ x² − 16 = 20

→ x = √36 = 6

Hence, ‘6’ is the correct answer.

The first two words are synonyms of each other as follows:

Blend : Mix → Blend and mix both are synonyms having same meaning i.e. to mix.

Similarly,

Request : ? → Request and solicit both are synonyms having same meaning i.e. an act of asking for something

Hence, ‘solicit’ is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows,

Conclusion:

I. Some rooms are stores → True (Some stores are rooms)

II. Some posters are rooms → True (Some rooms are posters)

Hence, both conclusions I and II follow is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows,

I. Some medicines are customers → True (All customers are clients and all clients are medicines)

II. Some medicines are clients → True (All clients are medicines)

Hence, both conclusions follow.

1. P is sitting at one extreme end and U is sitting second to the left of P that means P is sitting at the extreme right end.

2. U is sitting second to the left of P and T is sitting between Q and U

3. R is sitting to the immediate right of S and immediate left of Q

Hence, O is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Antonyms words are paired as follows:

Initial : Final → Initial is the state of beginning while final is the state of completion.

Mourn : ? → Mourn is a feeling to show extreme sadness while rejoice is a feeling of extreme happiness.

Hence, ‘rejoice’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘TJP’ is the correct answer.

The diagram that best represents the relationship among animals, mammals and deer:

Deer are mammals, all mammals come under animals.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

In the question figure, the horizontal line divides the figure in two symmetrical figures, thus when we fold the lower half, it will exactly cover the upper half, and hence the figure in top half will appear as follows:

Hence, option no.1 is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Similarly,

Hence, ‘NTICSEMA’ is the correct answer.

Complete pattern can be identified as follows:

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

1. M will use it second before O.

2. S will use it second after R.

3. N will use it after O and before R.

4. P and Q will use the runway neither first nor last.

5. Q will use it just before S.

Hence, N is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Sum of the place values of all the letters in the group is as follows:

A) RGD → 18 + 7 + 4 = 29

B) HIL → 8 + 9 + 12 = 29

C) EKM → 5 + 11 + 13 = 29

D) QSC → 17 + 19 + 3 = 39

Thus, sum of the place value of letters of all words is 29, except QSC.

Hence, QSC is the correct answer.

The logic is:

x : x (x + 3)

12 : 180 → 12 × (12 + 3) = 180

Similarly,

14 : ? → 14 × (14 + 3) = 14 × 17 = 238

Hence, ‘238’ is the correct answer.

In mirror image questions the basic concept is that the right side of the object appears in the left side or vice versa, in case the mirror is placed vertically as shown below:

Hence, ‘option no.1’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

All are metals except 'Silicon' which is metalloid.

Option 1: Silicon

Silicon is a metalloid, also called a semi-metal, which means it has properties of both metals and nonmetals. It is also commonly recognized as a metalloid (i.e. a weak nonmetal) since it is a semiconductor and has intermediate ionization energy and an intermediate electronegativity value.

Option 2: Magnesium

Magnesium is a metal. As a solid, the element has a shiny, gray appearance, which is one of the characteristics of elements in the metal group on the periodic table.

Option 3: Tungsten 

Tungsten, also known as Wolfram is a metal. Tungsten metal sits in the middle of the periodic table with a group of metal elements called transition metals. 

Option 4: Aurum

Aurum, the Latin word for gold and the source of its chemical symbol, "Au". Gold is very ductile and is the most malleable metal.

Hence, 'Silicon' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

The figure is moving in an anticlockwise direction by 45° in each step.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Alternate MethodThe logic is:

If we consider that line below the circle and above one of the sides of the triangles, it changes it’s direction +45 degree in the every next image in the anti-clockwise direction.

→ That base line is at 180°

→ That base line is at 180° + 45° = 225° moving in anti- clocwise

→ That base line is at 225° + 45° = 270° moving in anti- clocwise

→ That base line is at 270° + 45° = 315° moving in anti- clocwise

→ That base line is at 315° + 45° = 360° moving in anti- clocwise

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Addition of the place values of the letters in the word as follows:

OPTIMIST = 15 + 16 + 20 + 9 + 13 + 9 + 19 + 20 = 121

Similarly,

PESSIMIST = 16 + 5 + 19 + 19 + 9 + 13 + 9 + 19 + 20 = 129

Hence, ‘129’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

The positional value of each letter is multiplied by 3 to get the other letter pair.

AC : CI

Similarly,

GH : ?

So, UX is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.

Hence, ‘UX’ is the correct answer.

The question figure is embedded/hidden in the answer image as follows:

Hence, ‘option D’ is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• The Prime Minister of India had launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October 2014.
• It was launched to accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put the focus on sanitation.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is 2.1 billion.

• Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017, a new report by WHO and UNICEF stated that-
• Some 3 in 10 people worldwide, or 2.1 billion, lack access to safe, readily available water at home, and 6 in 10, or 4.5 billion, lack safely managed sanitation.

Additional Information

WHO

• World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations’ specialized agency for health was founded in 1948.
• It is an inter-governmental organization that works in collaboration with its member states usually through the Ministries of Health.
• The headquarter is situated in Geneva, Switzerland.
• There are 194 Member States, 150 country offices, six regional offices.

The Correct Answer is Shifting farming.

• Shifting farming also called as Slash and burn’ type of farming.

Key Points

Shifting farming

• Farmers clear a patch of land and produce crops to sustain their families.
• When soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and start cultivating in the same way on a fresh patch of land.
• This allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil.
• Productivity in this type of farming is low as fertilizers or modern inputs are not used.

Important Points

Intensive subsistence farming

• This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
• It is done where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

Commercial farming

• The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs e.g., high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides in order to obtain productivity.
• The degree of commercialization varies from region to region.

The Correct Answer is Rowlatt Act.

Key Points

• This Rowlatt act was passed on the recommendations of the Sedition Committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt.
• This act had been hurriedly passed in the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
• It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
• Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April 1919.
• Gandhiji called for a countrywide Satyagraha campaign against the Rowlatt Act.

Additional Information

Partition of Bengal

• The decision to split Bengal came in July 1905.
• The decision had come after Lord Curzon claimed that Bengal was too large to be governed effectively.
• The partition separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas.

Salt Tax

• Britain's Salt Act of 1882 prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in their diet.
• Indian citizens were forced to buy the vital mineral from their British rulers, who, in addition to exercising a monopoly over the manufacture and sale of salt, also charged a heavy salt tax.

The Correct Answer is ​Conifers, Cycads and Ginkgo are examples of angiosperms.

• ​Conifers, Cycads, and Ginkgo are examples of gymnosperms.

Key Points

Angiosperms

• Angiosperms are vascular plants.
• They have stems, roots, and leaves.
• Angiosperms are also known as “flowering plants” because flowers are a characteristic part of their reproductive structure.
• Angiosperm's seeds are found in a flower.
• Angiosperm eggs are fertilized and develop into a seed in an ovary that is usually in a flower.
• The flowers of angiosperms have male or female reproductive organs.

Additional Information

• The gymnosperms, also known as Acrogymnospermae, are a group of seed-producing plants.
• It includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophyte.

The Correct Answer is Minimum Support Price. 

Key Points

Minimum Support Price

• Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices.
• The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops.
• The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by Prime Minister approves the Minimum Support Price (MSP) based on recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

Additional Information

• As of now, CACP recommends MSPs of 23 commodities, which comprise-
• 7 cereals (paddy, wheat, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, barley and ragi)
• 5 pulses (gram, tur, moong, urad, lentil)
• 7 oilseeds (groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, soyabean, seasmum, sunflower, safflower, nigerseed)
• 4 commercial crops (copra, sugarcane, cotton and raw jute)
• CACP submits its recommendations to the government in the form of Price Policy Reports every year, separately for five groups of commodities namely Kharif crops, Rabi crops, Sugarcane, Raw Jute and Copra.

The correct answer is Carbon Dioxide.

• Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide.

Important Points

• Uses of Dry Ice:
• It is used primarily as a cooling agent but is also used in fog machines at theatres for dramatic effects.
• It does not leave any residue other than incidental frost from moisture in the atmosphere.
• It is useful for preserving frozen foods where mechanical cooling is unavailable.

Additional Information

• Methane
• Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH₄.
• It is a colourless, odourless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities.
• Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas.
• Methane is flammable and is used as fuel worldwide.
• Oxygen
• Oxygen is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas essential for living organisms.
• Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics, and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steel and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight, and diving.
• Ozone
• Ozone is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.
• Ozone (O₃) is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms.
• It is both a natural and a man-made product that occurs in the Earth's upper atmosphere.
• Most ozone (about 90%) is found in the stratosphere.

The Correct Answer is 1980.

Key Points

• India's hockey team is the most successful team ever in the Olympics, having won eight gold medals. India emerged as champions at the games in 1928, 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1980.
• On July 29, 1980, in Moscow, the Indian hockey team beat Spain 4-3 in an end-to-end final to ensure its eighth and last Olympic gold medal.

Additional Information

• The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.
• The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, alternating between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years in the four-year period.

Important Points

• At the Paris Olympics 2024, the Indian hockey team secured the fourth bronze medal for the country by defeating Spain in the bronze medal match on August 8, 2024.
• This marks India's back-to-back medal win in men's hockey at the Olympics, following their bronze in Tokyo 2020.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Kuchipudi is one of the classical styles of Indian dance.
• It emerged out of a long rich tradition of dance-drama of the same name.
• Kuchipudi is the name of a village in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh.
• Yakshagana named after the place of its origin.

Additional Information

8 classical dance forms of India:

The Correct Answer is Kakatiya Dynasty.

Key Points

• Golconda Fort is located in Hyderabad, Telangana,
• The fort was built by the Kakatiya dynasty in the 13th century.
• Golconda fort owes much of its present grandeur to Mohammad Quli Qutub Shah.
• Golconda flourished as a trade center of large diamonds, known as the Golconda Diamonds.

Additional Information

The Kakatiya dynasty

• The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled between the 12th and 14th centuries.
• Their area included most of the eastern Deccan region comprising present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and parts of eastern Karnataka and southern Odisha
• Their capital was Orugallu, now known as Warangal.

The Chola Empire

• The Chola Empire was founded by Vijayalaya.
• He took over the Tanjore kingdom in the 8th century and led to the rise of the mighty Cholas by defeating the Pallavas.
• The Brihadisvara temple, the Gangaikondacholisvaram, and the Airavatesvara temples were built during their reign.

The Chalukya dynasty

• The Chalukya dynasty ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.
• The Chalukyas who ruled from Badami were the Western Chalukyas.
• The ones who ruled from Kalyani are referred to as Later Western Chalukyas and the Chalukyas of Vengi are known to historians as the Eastern Chalukya.

The Correct Answer is Animal meat was the staple food.

Key Points

• The Harappan villages, mostly situated near the flood plains and produced sufficient foodgrains.
• Peas, sesame seeds, dates, cotton, etc, were grown during that time.
• Their main staples were wheat and barley, which were presumably made into bread and perhaps also cooked with water as a gruel or porridge. Hence Option 2 is Not true.

Important Points

• The Indus Civilisation and the contemporary cultures covered nearly 1.5 million sq. km area in India and Pakistan.
• It flourished around 2500 BC. Hence Option 3 is Correct.
• Fortification, well-planned streets and lanes, and drainages are noticed in the Harappan town and people lived in well-planned towns, Hence Option 1 is Correct.
• Harappa and Mohenjodaro each had their own citadel or acropolis, which was possibly occupied by members of the ruling class.
• Below the citadel in each city lay a lower town containing brick houses, which were inhabited by the common people. Hence Option 4 is also Correct.

The Correct Answer is It also applies to violence at workplace.

• The ‘Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005’ does not apply to violence at work Place.

Key Points

• The act covers all women who may be mother, sister, wife, widow or partners living in a shared household.
• The relationship may be in the nature of marriage or adoption.
• In addition relationships with family members living together as a joint family is also included.
• However, no female relative of the husband or the male partner can file a complaint against the wife or the female partner.

The Correct Answer is 1 day.

Key Points

• The Economic Survey is presented in both the houses of Parliament, a day before the announcement of the Union Budget.
• The Economic Survey is prepared under the guidance of the Chief Economic Advisor.

​ 

Important Points

• The Economic Survey contains detailed information about the Indian economy over the past year.
• Although the Constitution does not bind the government to present the Economic Survey. But over the years, it has become common practice for every government to present the Economic Survey before the Union Budget.

Additional Information

• The first Economic Survey was presented in the year 1950-51.
• Until 1964, it was presented along with the Union Budget, but later it was disjointed from the Union Budget to give a better understanding of the budget proposals.

The Correct Answer is International Monetary Fund.

• Gita Gopinath has been appointed chief economist of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2019.
• She became the first woman to hold the position.

Important Points

• Gita Gopinath is an American economist who has been the Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund since 2019.
• In that role, she is the Director of the IMF's Research Department and the Economic Counsellor of the Fund.

Additional Information

WTO

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
• The WTO has 164 members (including European Union) and 23 observer governments (like Iran, Iraq, Bhutan, Libya etc).

UNESCO

• The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is a specialised agency of the United Nations aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, sciences, and culture.
• The Organization has 193 Members and 11 Associate Members.
• The United States and Israel left on 31 December 2018 asserting that the organization had an anti-Israel bias.

World Bank

• The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

International Monetary Fund

• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 190 countries.
• It works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

The Correct Answer is Hassan District.

• Shravanabelagola is a Jain pilgrimage center located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in Karnataka.
• It is about 144 km from the state capital Bengaluru.

Important Points

• The statue Gommateshwara is dedicated to the Jain God Bahubali.
• It was built around 983 A.D. and is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world.
• The Mahamastakabhisheka festival is held once in 12 years, when the Gommateshwara statue is anointed with milk, saffron, ghee, etc.

The Correct Answer is ​Neutralize.

Key Points

• The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralization reaction.
• That is:  Acid + Base → Salt + Water
• The examples of neutralization reactions are as follows :
• Sodium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid to form sodium sulfate and water :
• 2NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

Important Points

• Crystallization is defined as a process by which a chemical is converted from a liquid solution into a solid crystalline state.

The Correct Answer is Leo Tolstoy.

Key Points

• War and Peace is a novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy.
• It is regarded as one of Tolstoy's finest literary achievements and remains a classic of world literature.

Additional Information

Important Books

The Correct Answer is ​Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq.

Key Points

• Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty.
• It was during the reign of him Timur invaded India in 1398 A.D.
• He crossed Indus and captured Multan, and just walked over to Delhi without much resistance.

Important Points

Akbar

• Akbar was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.
• Akbar was crowned at the age of fourteen.
• Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.

Alauddin Khilji

• Ala-ud-din Khalji ruled from 1296–1316.
• Alauddin was a nephew and a son-in-law of his predecessor Jalaluddin.
• Ala-ud-din was the first Sultan to pay his soldiers in cash rather than give them a share of the booty.

Feroz Shah Tughlaq

• Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388.
• He established Sharia across his realm.

The Correct Answer is Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone.

Key Points

• The Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is the region that circles the Earth, near the equator.
• Here the trade winds of the Northern and Southern hemispheres come together.
• The intense sun and warm water of the equator heats the air in the ITCZ, raising its humidity and making it buoyant.
• With the help of convergence of the trade winds, the buoyant air rises.
• As the air rises it expands and cools, releasing the accumulated moisture in an almost perpetual series of thunderstorms.

The Correct Answer is Sprinting.

Key Points

• Dutee Chand was born in the Jajpur district of Odisha.
• Dutee Chand is an Indian professional sprinter and current national champion in the women's 100 metres event.
• She is the third Indian woman to ever qualify for the Women's 100 meters event at the Summer Olympic Games.

The Correct Answer is Article 368.

Key Points

• Article 368 regulates the procedure for amending the Constitution.
• It states that the ratification of the state legislatures to a constitutional amendment is required in the following cases.
• If there is a change in the provisions regarding elections to the post of the President of India.
• If there is a change in the extent of the executive power of the center or the state governments.
• If there is any change in the provisions regarding the Union judiciary or the High Courts.
• If the distribution of legislative powers between the center and the states is affected.
• If any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule is affected.
• If the representation of the states in the Rajya Sabha is changed.
• Lastly, if Article 368 itself is amended.

Additional Information

Article 1

• Article 1 in the Constitution states that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
• The territory of India shall consist of:
• The territories of the states,
• The Union territories and any territory that may be acquired in future.

Article 256

• Article 256 of the Constitution states that the executive power of every State shall be so exercised as to ensure compliance with the laws made by Parliament.

Article 55

• It deals with the manner of election of the President of India.

The Correct Answer is Government of India Act, 1935.

• After coming into effect, the Constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.
• It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers, and duties, of the government, and spells out the fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens.
• It was passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it came into effect on 26 January 1950.

Additional Information

Government of India Act, 1858

• The Act is known as the Act for the Good Governance of India.
• This act transferred the powers of government, territories, and revenues to the British Crown.

Government of India Act, 1935

• This act abolished the system of provincial dyarchy and suggested the establishment of dyarchy at the center and a ‘Federation of India’ consisting of the provinces of British India and most of the princely states.
• This act established the office of the Governor.

Indian Councils Act, 1892

• This act marks the beginning of a representative form of Government in India.

Regulating Act, 1773

• Via this act, the British Parliament for the first time interfered with the affairs of India.
• Three presidencies were established at Bombay, Madras, and Kolkata under a president called Governor-General and his Council or Governor in-council.

The Correct Answer is Qatar.

Key Points

• The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to be the 22nd edition of the FIFA World Cup.
• It is scheduled to take place in Qatar from 21 November to 18 December 2022.
• This will be the first World Cup ever to be held in the Arab world and the first in a Muslim-majority country.

Important Points

FIFA

• Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is the international governing body of football association.
• FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.
• FIFA is headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland.
• Its membership now comprises 211 national associations.

The Correct Answer is Weathering.

Key Points

• Weathering is part of a process of breakdown of rock and transport of the resulting materials.
• This overall process is often referred to as erosion.
• Weathering is related to the formation of soil and not erosion.

Additional Information

Intercropping 

• Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.
• The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources or ecological processes that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop.

Mulching

• Mulch is simply a protective layer of a material that is spread on top of the soil.
• Mulches can either be organic such as grass clippings, straw, bark chips, and similar materials, or inorganics such as stones, brick chips, and plastic.

 Contour ploughing

• Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines.

The Correct Answer is 5 lakhs.

• As per the 2018 Budget, 
• The monthly salary of the President has been revised to Rs 5 lakh.
• The monthly salary of the Vice president has been revised to Rs 4 lakh.
• The monthly salary of the Governors has been revised to Rs 3.5 lakh.

Important Points

President of India

• The President of India is the head of state of the Republic of India.
• Part V of the Constitution lists out the qualification, election, and impeachment of the President of India.
• The President is the formal head of the executive, legislature, and judiciary of India and is also the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

Given:

The average age of 24 students in a class is 15.5 years. The age of their teacher is 28 years more than the average of all twenty-five.

Formula Used:

average = sum of observation/number of observation

Calculation:

Average age of 24 students in the class = 15.5 years

⇒ Total age of 24 students = 24 × 15.5 = 372 years

Let age of teacher = x years and average age of all 25 = $\frac{372 + x}{25}$

⇒ x = 28 + $\frac{372 + x}{25}$

⇒ 25x - x = 700 + 372

⇒ x = $\frac{1072}{24} = \frac{134}{3}$

Thus, age of teacher = $44\frac{2}{3}$ years

Formula:

Mean proportion of x and y = √xy

Calculation:

12, x, 8 and 14 are in proportion,

⇒ (12/x) = (8/14)

⇒ 8x = 14 × 12

⇒ x = 7 × 3 = 21

The mean proportional between (x - 12) and (x + 4) = √(21 - 12) × (21 + 4)

⇒ √9 × 25

⇒ 15

∴ The mean proportional is 15.

Given:

A circus tent is cylindrical to a height of 3 meters and conical above it and the radius of the base is 50 m and the slant height of the cone is 52 m

Formula Used:

Total area = Curved surface area of cylinder + Curved surface area of the cone.

Total area = 2πrh + πrl = πr(2h + l)

Diameter = 2 × radius

Calculation:

⇒ 50π × [(2 × 3) + 52]

⇒ 50π × 58

⇒ 2900π m²

∴ The Correct Answer is 2900π m²

Given:

The ratios of efficiencies of A and B for doing a certain work is 5 : 8. Working together they can complete the work in 20 days

Calculation:

Let total work to be done be L.C.M. (13, 20) = 260 units

Let work done by A in 1 day = 5x units and by B = 8x units

⇒ Total work done in 1 day by A and B (5x + 8x) = 13x units

According to ques, ⇒ 13x × 20 = 260

⇒ x = $\frac{260}{260} = 1$

∴ A alone will complete 25% of work in = $(\frac{25}{100} × 260) \div 5$

⇒ $\frac{65}{5} = 13$ days

∴ A alone will complete 25% of that work in 13 days.

Total work = Efficiency × Day

⇒ 20 × (5 + 8)

⇒ 260 unit

A alone will complete 25% of that work 

⇒ (260 × 25%)/5

⇒ 13 days

∴ A alone will complete 25% of that work in 13 days.

Given:

A sector is cut from a circle of diameter 42 cm and the angle of the sector is 150∘ 

Formula:

Area of sector = $\frac{\theta}{360^\circ} \times \pi r^2$

Radius = diameter/2

Calculation: 

Radius = 42/2 = 21 cm

Area of sector

⇒ 150^∘/360^∘ × 22/7 × (21)²

⇒ 5/12 × 22 × 63 = 577.5 cm²

∴ The area of a sector is 577.5 cm².

Calculation:

Let present age of A = 15x years ad B = 8x years

According to ques,

$\Rightarrow \frac{15x + 8}{8x + 8} = \frac{17}{10}$

$\Rightarrow 150x + 80 = 136x + 136$

$\Rightarrow 14x = 136 - 80 = 56$

$\Rightarrow x = \frac{56}{14} = 4$

∴ The ratio of the ages of A and B after 10 years from now = $\frac{15 \times 4 + 10}{8 \times 4 + 10}$

$= \frac{70}{42} = 5 : 3$

∴ Required  ratio = 5 : 3

Expression :

Follow the BODMAS rule as given in the below table

 $5\frac{5}{6} \div 3\frac{1}{2} \times 2\frac{1}{10} + \frac{3}{5}$ of ​​$7\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{3} \div \frac{8}{15} \times 1\frac{1}{5}$

$= (\frac{35}{6} \div \frac{7}{2} \times \frac{21}{10}) + (\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{15}{2} \div \frac{2}{3}) - (\frac{2}{3} \div \frac{8}{15} \times {\frac{6}{5}})$

$= (\frac{35}{6} \times \frac{2}{7} \times \frac{21}{10}) + (\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{15}{2} \times \frac{3}{2}) - (\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{15}{8} \times {\frac{6}{5}})$

$= \frac{7}{2} + \frac{27}{4} - \frac{3}{2}$

$= \frac{14 + 27 - 6}{4} = \frac{35}{4} = 8\frac{3}{4}$

Given:

The average of 10 numbers is 41. The average of first 3 numbers is 39.4 and the average of last 4 numbers is 43.5. 4th number is 2 more than 5th number and 0.2 more than 6th number.

Formula Used:

average = sum of observation/number of observation

Calculation:

⇒ Sum of 10 numbers = 41 × 10 = 410

Similarly, sum of first 3 numbers = 39.4 × 3 = 118.2

Sum of last 4 numbers = 43.5 × 4 = 174

Let 4^th, 5^th and 6^th numbers be x, y, z respectively.

⇒ x + y + z = 410 - 118.2 - 174 = 117.8       ----(i)

Also, x = y + 2 = z + 0.2 = k (say)       ----(ii)

Solving above equations, we get : k + (k - 2) + (k - 0.2) = 117.8

⇒ 3k = 117.8 + 2.2 = 120

⇒ k = $\frac{120}{3} = 40$

Thus, x = 40, y = 38, z = 39.8

∴ Average of the 4^th and 6^th numbers = $\frac{40 + 39.8}{2} = 39.9$

Given:

A shopkeepers made a profit of 16% on his goods.

Formula Used:

profit = selling price - cost price 

Calculation:

Let his cost price = Rs. 100x

⇒ Selling price to get 16% profit = $\frac{116}{100}$ × 100x = Rs. 116x

⇒ Now, new cost price = $\frac{80}{100} × 100x = Rs. 80x$

⇒ New selling price = $\frac{77}{100} × 116x = Rs. 89.32x$

∴ New Profit % = $\frac{89.32x - 80x}{80x}$ × 100

⇒ $\frac{9.32}{4} \times 5 = 11.6\%$

∴ required profit = 11.6 %

Given:

Discount = 8%

Profit percentage = 38%

Concept used:

Discount is calculated on MP whereas profit is calculated on CP.

Calculation: 

Let cost price = Rs. 100x

⇒ Profit % = 38%

⇒ Selling price = $\frac{138}{100} \times 100x =$ Rs. 138x

After discount of 8%, marked price = $\frac{138x}{92} \times 100 =$ Rs. 150x

∴ Markup % = $\frac{(150x - 100x)}{100x}$ = 50%

Calculation:

⇒ number of units sold in 2014 = 315

⇒ number of units sold in 2015 = 280

⇒ total units of the product sold in 2014 and 2015 = (315 + 280) = 595

⇒ number of product manufactured in 2017 = 420

∴ Required ratio = 595 : 420 = 17 : 12

Shortcut Trick

For an even number of terms (n = 10), Median = Average of 5^th and 6^th terms.

Median = [(2x − 8) + (2x + 10)] ÷ 2 = 2x + 1.

Given 2x + 1 = 25 ⇒ 2x = 24 ⇒ x = 12.

Sum of numbers = 6 + 8 + 11 + 12 + 16 + 34 + 35 + 41 + 42 + 50 = 255.

Mean = Total Sum ÷ n = 255 ÷ 10 = 25.5.

∴ The correct answer is 25.5.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers in ascending order = 6, 8, 11, 12, 2x − 8, 2x + 10, 35, 41, 42, 50

Total terms (n) = 10 (Even)

Formula Used: Median = [(n/2)^th term + (n/2 + 1)^th term] ÷ 2 | Mean = (Σx_i) ÷ n

⇒ Median = [(2x − 8) + (2x + 10)] ÷ 2

⇒ 25 = (4x + 2) ÷ 2

⇒ 25 = 2x + 1

⇒ 2x = 24 ⇒ x = 12

⇒ 5^th term = 2(12) − 8 = 16

⇒ 6^th term = 2(12) + 10 = 34

⇒ Sum = 6 + 8 + 11 + 12 + 16 + 34 + 35 + 41 + 42 + 50

⇒ Sum = 255

⇒ Mean = 255 ÷ 10 = 25.5

∴ The correct answer is 25.5.

Additional Information

Median for Odd Observations

If n is odd, Median is the ((n + 1) ÷ 2)^th term after arranging data in ascending or descending order.

Arithmetic Mean

Mean = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Number of observations). It is the mathematical average of the dataset.

Relation between Mean, Median, and Mode

The empirical relationship is given by: Mode = 3 × Median − 2 × Mean.

Concept Used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

 1.6 ÷ 1.6 of 1.6 + 0.6 of 1.4 ÷ 0.5 - 0.001 × 1.5 ÷ 0.075

$= (\frac{1.6}{1.6\times 1.6} ) + (0.6 \times \frac{1.4}{0.5}) - (0.001 \times \frac{1.5}{0.075})$

$= (\frac{1}{1.6}) + (\frac{8.4}{5}) - (\frac{1.5}{75})$

= 0.625 + 1.68 - 0.02 = 2.285

Calculation:

Let sum received by C = Rs. 100x

⇒ B received = $\frac{80}{100} × 100x =$ Rs. 80x

⇒ A received = $\frac{120}{100} × 80x$ = Rs. 96x

⇒ 96x + 80x + 100x = 1518

⇒ x = 1518/276 = 5.5

∴ Sum received by C = 100 × 5.5 = Rs. 550

Calculation:

⇒ number of product manufactured in 2013 = 350

⇒ number of product manufactured in 2015 = 300

⇒ total units of the product manufactured in 2013 and 2015 = (350 + 300) = 650

⇒ total units unsold during the five years = (350 - 320) + (375 - 315) + (300 - 280) + (450 - 423) + (420 - 360) = 197

∴ required percent = 197/650 × 100 = 30.3%

Calculation:

Let rate of interest = time period = r

Let sum = Rs. 9x, ⇒ Simple interest = Rs. $\frac{1}{9} \times 9x$ = x

Simple interest = $\frac{P \times r \times t}{100}$

⇒ $\frac{9x \times r \times r}{100}$ = x

⇒ r² = $\frac{100}{9}$

⇒ r = $\sqrt{\frac{100}{9}} = \frac{10}{3}$%

∴ Simple interest on a sum of Rs. 12600 at the same rate for $2\frac{4}{5}$ years

⇒ $\frac{12600}{100} \times \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{14}{5}$

⇒ 42 x 28 = Rs. 1176

Given:

20% more would be gained by selling an article for ₹ 93 than selling it for ₹ 85,

Formula Used:

profit = selling price - Cost price

Calculation:

⇒ Difference between the selling price = 93 - 85 = Rs. 8

⇒ Difference in % = 20% = 8

⇒ Cost price = 100% ≡ $\frac{8}{20}$ × 100

⇒ 8 × 5 = Rs. 40

Calculation:

⇒ average number of units manufactured per year = (350 + 375 + 300 + 450 + 420)/5 = 1895/5 = 379,000

⇒ number of units of the product sold = 379,000 - 19,000 = 360,000

∴ Clearly In 2017, number of units of the product sold = 360,000

Given:

Principal sum P = Rs. 24,500 

Rate of interest = r = 10% and time period = t = $2\frac{2}{5}$ years

Formula used:

Amount = Principal(1 + rate/100)time

Calculation:

Amount when compounded annually (time in fraction) = $P × (1 + \frac{r}{100})^t × ( 1 + \frac{\frac{2}{5}r}{100})$ {∴ time in mixed fraction is $\frac{2}{5}$)

$= 24,500 \times (1 + \frac{10}{100})^2 \times (1 + \frac{2 \times 10}{500})$

$= 24,500 \times (\frac{121}{100}) \times (\frac{26}{25})$

$= 49 \times 121 \times \frac{26}{5} = 30830.80$

Compound interest = ₹ (30.830.8 - 24500) = ₹ 6330.80

∴ The compound interest is ₹ 6330.80.

Given:

The largest sphere is carved out of a cube of side 7 cm.

Formula Used:

Volume of sphere = $\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Calculation:

⇒ Diameter of largest sphere = side of cube = 7 cm

$= \frac{4}{3} \times \frac{22}{7} \times (\frac{7}{2})^3$

$= \frac{11}{3} \times 49 = \frac{539}{3}$

$= 179\frac{2}{3} cm^3$

Given:

A can complete $\frac{2}{3}$ of a work in 8 days. B can complete $\frac{3}{5}$ of the same work in 12 days and C can complete $\frac{4}{9}$ of the same work in 8 days. A and B worked together for 5 days.

Calculation:

Let total work to be done be L.C.M.(3, 5, 9) = 45 units

Thus, A complete $\frac{2}{3}$of the work in 8 days, => 30 units in 8 days

⇒ A's efficiency = $\frac{30}{8} = 3.75$ units/day 

Similarly, B's efficiency = $\frac{27}{12} = 2.25$ units/day

and C's efficiency = $\frac{20}{8} = 2.5$ units/day

Now, work done by A and B in 5 days = (3.75 + 2.25) × 5 = 30 units

∴ Remaining work done by C in = $\frac{(45-30)}{2.5} = 6$ days

Given:

x be the least multiple of 29 which when divided by 20, 21, 22, 24 and 28 then the remainders are 13, 14, 15, 17 and 21 respectively. 

Calculation:

⇒ Since, the difference between the all the numbers are : (20 - 13), (21 - 14) = 7

Thus, L.C.M. (20, 21, 22, 24, 28) = 9240

Hence, required number will be in the form of = 9240k - 7 = multiple of 29

By hit and trial, we see that k = 2 satisfy above equation, thus required number = 9240 × 2 - 7 = 18473

⇒ Sum of digits = 1 + 8 + 4 + 7 + 3 = 23

Given:

A takes 6 hours more than B to cover a distance of 60 km. But if A doubles his speed, he takes 3 hours less than B to cover the same distance. 

Formula Used:

Time = distance/Speed

Calculation:

Let speed of A = x km/hr and speed of B = y km/hr

A takes 6 hours more than B to cover a distance of 60 km.

⇒ 60/x – 60/y = 6

⇒ 1/x – 1/y = 6/60

⇒ 1/x – 1/y = 1/10      ----(1)

A doubles his speed, he takes 3 hours less than B to cover the same distance.

⇒ 60/2x – 60/y = - 3

⇒ 1/2x – 1/y = - 3/60

⇒ 1/2x – 1/y = - 1/20      ----(2)

Subtracting equation 2 from equation 1

⇒ 1/x – 1/2x = 1/10 – (- 1/20)

⇒ 1/2x = 3/20

⇒ x = 10/3

∴ Speed of A = $3\frac{1}{3}$ km/hr

Given:

Two vessels A and B contain solution of acid and water. In A and B the ratio of acid and water are 7 ∶ 3 and 4 ∶ 1, respectively. They are mixed in the ratio 1 ∶ 2. 

Calculation:

In 1 unit of vessel A, quantity of acid = $\frac{7}{10} × 1 = \frac{7}{10}$

Quantity of water = $\frac{3}{10} × 1 = \frac{3}{10}$

Similarly, in 2 units of vessel B, quantity of acid = $\frac{4}{5} × 2 = \frac{8}{5}$

Quantity of water = $\frac{1}{5} × 2 = \frac{2}{5}$

The ratio of acid and water in the resulting solution = $[(\frac{7}{10} + \frac{8}{5}) : (\frac{3}{10} + \frac{2}{5})]$

$= \frac{23}{10} : \frac{7}{10}$

⇒ 23 ∶ 7

∴ The ratio of acid and water in the resulting solution is 23 ∶ 7.

Alternate Method        Acid : Water

A ⇒  7    :     3        [Total Quantity = (7 + 3) = 10]

B ⇒ 4     :     1        [Total Quantity = (4 + 1) = 5]

Now, 

Quantity of A = 10 units and B = 5 units

They were mix in the ratio of 1 : 2, that means

If A = 10 units, then B will have to be 20 units

Multiplying Elements of B by 4, we get

       Acid : Water

A ⇒  7    :     3        [Total Quantity = (7 + 3) = 10]

B ⇒ 4 × 4    :     1 × 4        [Total Quantity = (16 + 4) = 20]

     (7 + 16) : (3 + 4) = 23 : 7

Given:

A 280 m long train is running at 108 km/hr.

Formula Used:

speed = distance/time

Calculation:

⇒ Speed of train = 108 × $\frac{5}{18} m/s = 30 m/s$

Distance covered = 280 + 170 = 450

∴ Time taken = $\frac{450}{30} = 15$ seconds

The correct answer is 'more wiser'. 

Key Points

The sentence is asking whether it is necessary that an older person is always more wise than a younger person. 

• The part of the sentence that we are looking at here is 'comparative adjectives'.
• This is because the sentence is comparing the wisdom of an older person to that of a younger person, and since 'wise' is an adjective. It becomes a comparative adjective.
• When using the comparative term 'wiser', there is no need for the determine 'more' as that is already implied by the use of the comparative term.

Correct Sentence- Is the older person always wiser than the younger one?

Additional Information

• There are basically 2 types of adjectives when it comes to intensity.
• | Adjectives | Formation | Examples | | --- | --- | --- | | Comparative | This compares only 2 nouns with each other | Wiser, Angrier, Calmer, etc. | | Superlative | This implies that the current noun is superior to all unit of that category. | Wisest, Angriest, Calmest, etc. |

The correct answer is would you mind helping 

Key Points

The sentence talks about the narrator asking someone if they would help the narrator with some questions. 

• The sentence is in the present continuous tense. This means that the action in the sentence is currently happening and is ongoing, it isn't over yet.
• This means that the verb in the sentence should be in its 'ing' form.
• This rules out option no. 4 as the verb isn't in its 'ing' form.
• Option 2 is incorrect as the preposition 'for' implies a purpose, in this case, it would be used after the person - if they choose to - helps the narrator. 
• "Thank you for helping me."
• Option 3 is incorrect as there is a need for improvement in the sentence since the original verb in the sentence isn't in the present continuous tense.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is accurately right

Key Points

• Hit the nail on the head: This means to identify something exactly; to come to the accurate and correct conclusion. Derives from the fact that a nail that is hit perfectly on the head with a hammer would go in correctly.
• Accurately right: To be perfectly correct and right about something.
• E.g. Aditi was accurately right about the questions that would appear in the examination.
• Thus, it is clear that 'hit the nail on the head' and 'accurately right' are similar phrases.

Additional Information

• Option 2 is a literal rendition of the idiom given in the question and thus cannot be the meaning.
• Option 3 is a loose version of another idiom - 'fight tooth and nail' - which means to fight with all of one's might.
• Option 4 is again in the literal sense of the idiom and is also very generic, it does not mention 'nails' or a hammer.

Hint

• Knowing what an idiom means (a common saying or phrase that does not necessarily literally mean what the words refer to) would be very helpful in understanding which of the options is synonymous with the question.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is peak

Key Points

• Zenith: The highest point; the point at which something is at its highest and most powerful.
• Peak: The highest point of something - usually a mountain.
• E.g. The mountaineers were about to reach the peak of the mountain when they were hit with an avalanche.
• Thus, it is clear that zenith and peak are similar terms

Additional Information

Let's look at the meanings of the given words:

• Border:  The edge of something; the place where something ends and maybe a new thing begins.
• Brink: The extreme edge of something
• Edge: The outside limit of an object; the part where the object ends.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.