SSC CGL 2021 Tier-I (Held On : 21 April 2022 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some equipment are phones → Follow (As all chargers are equipment, some chargers are phones. So, it is definitely true)

II. All wires are phones → Does not follow (As all wires are chargers, some chargers are phones. So, all wires are phones is possible but not definitely true)

∴ Here, Conclusion I follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follow".

The pattern followed here is :-

Second number = (First number + 2)/2

Here,

• 18 ∶ 10

⇒ (18 + 2) = 20 Then, 20 ÷ 2 = 10

Similarly,

• 24 : ?

⇒ (24 + 2) = 26 Then, 26 ÷ 2 = 13​

Hence, "13" is correct answer.

Given : Eight friends, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W, are sitting in the same order anticlockwise around a circular table at equal distance between them, with all facing centre of the table.

• Q is sitting in the south-east

​

⇒ As per the final arrangement 'W' is sitting in the south-west direction.

Hence, "South-west" is the correct answer.

Logic : Each letter's opposite is written according to the English alphabetic series.

So,

• BACHELOR is coded as :

​

Similarly,

• EDUCATION is coded as :

​

Hence, "VWFXZGRLM" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Logic is followed horizontally.

Third number = (First number of the row × second number) -  (second number)/2 

So,

• First row :

⇒ (13 x 6) = 78 = 78 - (6/2) = 78 - 3 = 75

• Third row :

⇒ (18 x 4) =72 Then 72 - (4/2) = 72 - 2 = 70

Similarly,

• Second row :

⇒ (15 x 8) = 120. Then,120 - (8/2) = 120 - 4 = 116

Hence, "116" is the correct answer.

The faces opposite to each other are shown below:

⇒ As the alternate positions becomes opposite to each other and the remaining two faces becomes opposite to each other.

So, opposite pairs are:

• 1 → 4
• 2 → 6
• 3 → 5

Therefore,

• Option(1) → 4 and 6 ⇒ Not opposite (As 4 is opposite to 1 and 6 is opposite to 2)
• Option(2) → 1 and 5 ⇒ Not opposite (As 1 is opposite to 4 and 5 is opposite to 3)
• Option(3) → 3 and 5 ⇒ Opposite
• Option (4) → 2 and 4 ⇒ Not opposite (As 2 is opposite to 6 and 4 is opposite to 1)

Hence, "3 and 5" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :

Hence, "105" is the correct answer.

Given: 52 + 69 - 46 ÷ 23 × 26 = 20

Interchanging the numbers and using BODMAS rule:

• Option - (1) → 46 and 23

⇒ 52 + 69 - 23 ÷ 46 × 26 = 20

⇒ 52 + 69 - 0.5 × 26 = 20

⇒ 52 + 69 -13 = 20

⇒ 121 -13 = 20

⇒ 108 ≠ 20 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) → 69 and 46

⇒ 52 + 46 - 69 ÷ 23 × 26 = 20

⇒ 52 + 46 - 3 × 26 = 20

⇒ 52 + 46 - 78 = 20

⇒ 98 - 78 = 20

⇒ 20 = 20 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) → 52 and 26

⇒ 26 + 69 - 46 ÷ 23 × 52 = 20

⇒ 26 + 69 - 2 × 52 = 20

⇒ 26 + 69 - 104= 20

⇒ 95 - 104= 20

⇒ -9 ≠ 20 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4) → 52 and 69

⇒ 69 + 52 - 46 ÷ 23 × 26 = 20

⇒ 69 + 52 - 2 × 26 = 20

⇒ 69 + 52 -52= 20

⇒ 121 - 52= 20

⇒ 69 ≠ 20 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "69 and 46" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-

1. HJM

2. GIM

3. LNR

4. MOS

∴ Here, 'HJM' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "HJM".

So,

• Pointing towards the photograph of a lady, Varun said, "She is my father-in-law's son's only sister's mother-in-law" means Varun said 'She is my father-in-law's only daughter's mother-in-law' i.e. Varun said 'She is my wife's mother-in-law' i.e. Varun said 'She is my mother'.

​

As, it is clear from the family tree that the lady is the mother of Varun, thus Varun is the son of the lady.

Hence, "Son" is the correct answer.

Given : 54 * 36 * 12 * 18 * 24 * 24

So according to BODMAS rule :

• Option - (1):  +, ×, -, ÷, =

​⇒ 54 + 36 × 12 - 18 ÷ 24 = 24

⇒ 54 + 36 × 12 - 0.75 = 24

⇒ 54 + 432 - 0.75 = 24

⇒ 486 - 0.75 = 24

⇒ 485.25 ≠ 24 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2): ÷, +, ×, -, =

⇒ 54 ÷ 36 + 12 × 18 - 24 = 24

⇒ 1.5 + 12 × 18 - 24 = 24

⇒ 1.5 + 216 - 24 = 24

⇒ 217.5 - 24 = 24

⇒ 193.5 ≠ 24 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (3):  ÷, ×, +, -, =​

⇒ 54 ÷ 36 × 12 + 18 - 24 = 24

⇒ 1.5 × 12 + 18 - 24 = 24

⇒ 18 +18 - 24 =24

⇒ 36 - 24 = 24

⇒ 12 ≠ 24 (LHS ≠ RHS)

• Option - (4):  ÷, ×, -, +, =

⇒ 54 ÷ 36 × 12 - 18 + 24 = 24

⇒ 1.5 × 12 - 18 + 24 = 24

⇒ 18 - 18 +24 = 24

⇒ 24 = 24 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "÷, ×, -, +, =" is the correct answer.

Logic : Added all the position values of each letter and then multiplied by 3.

So,

• RAHUL is coded as :

⇒ According to alphabetic series position values of "RAHUL" is → 18 + 1 + 8 + 21 + 12 = 60 

⇒ 60 x 3 = 180

• POOJA is coded as :

⇒ According to alphabetic series position values of "POOJA" is → 16 + 15 + 15 + 10 + 1 = 57

⇒ 57 x 3 = 171

Similarly,

• RAJIV is coded as :

⇒ According to alphabetic series position values of "RAJIV" is → 18 + 1 + 10 + 9 + 22 = 60 

⇒ 60 x 3 = 180

Hence, "180" is the correct answer.

Refer to tha diagram as shown below:

Here, the shaded area represents male chartered accountants who are neither tax-payers nor full-time employee.

Hence, 'option(3) - 22' is the correct answer.

Given : P_ _ N _ _ S R _ Q P _ R _ _ _ S _ N Q

By checking options :

1. S, R, Q, P, N, S, N, Q, P, R → P S R N Q P S R N Q P S R N Q P S R N Q → (It follows the pattern of : PSRNQ - PSRNQ - PSRNQ - PSRNQ)
2. S, R, Q, R, N, Q, N, S, P, R → P S R N Q R S R N Q P Q R N S P S R N Q → (It doesn't Follows the pattern)
3. R, S, Q, P, R, S, R, Q, P, N → P R S N Q P S R R Q P S R R Q P S N N Q → (It doesn't Follows the pattern)
4. Q, R, S, P, N, S, N, Q, P, R → P Q R N S P S R N Q P S R N Q P S R N Q → (It doesn't Follows the pattern)

⇒Option - (1) gives the pattern of " P S R N Q - P S R N Q - P S R N Q P - S R N Q "

Hence, "S, R, Q, P, N, S, N, Q, P, R" is the correct answer.

According to the sequence in the dictionary:

2. Photocopier
3. Photocopy
4. Photographer
5. Photographic
6. Photography

Hence, the correct option is "2, 5, 4, 1, 3".

Check "Option (3)"

• Figure when rotated 135° clockwise. Then we rotated 45° anticlockwise. So, we rotate 135° - 45° = 90° clockwise.​​

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

Mistake Points

It is mentioned in given question option figure should be rotated. Question is, 'Which of the option figure when rotated 135° clockwise and then 45° anticlockwise will result in the given question figure?'

You have to rotate the option figure, not the question figure.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, "130" is the correct answer.

Given :

Mistake Points

• The central line in the question figure is not available in option 2, so option 2 is incorrect.
• The image must not be rotated.

​

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

⇒ Every symbol follows the clockwise rotation pattern.

1. For oval figure :

2. For rectangle figure :

3. For arrow figure :

4. For shaded arrow figure :

So, the final series is :-

Hence, "Option - (4)" is the correct answer.

Logic : Each letter according to their position within the word is rearranged by next letter, when counting from left to right.

So,

• CANOPY : DCQSUE

Similarly,

• TONSIL : ?

​

Hence, "UQQWNR" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at PQ is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line PQ is the mirror
• The word "Rfg5aP" the third letter is "g". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 2 is eliminated.

• The word "Rfg5aP" the second letter is "f". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..

• The word "Rfg5aP" the fourth digit is "5". So, the mirror image should be "

" ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - 1".

According to given figure:

The figure will appear when it is opened as follows:

Hence, "Option - (3)" is the correct answer.

Logic : Digits represent the number of letter in a single word in the serial order of the sentence.

So,

• 692425 means 'School education is free in India'

⇒ School → 6 letters word

⇒ education → 9 letters word

⇒ is → 2 letters word

⇒ free → 4 letters word

⇒ in → 2 letters word

⇒ India → 5 letters word

• 7926 means 'College education is costly'

⇒ College → 7 letters word

⇒ education → 9 letters word

⇒ is → 2 letters word

⇒ costly → 6 letters word

Similarly, 

• 'I want to become graduate'​

⇒ I → 1 letter word

⇒ want → 4 letters word

⇒ to → 2 letters word

⇒ become → 6 letters word

⇒ graduate → 8 letters word

Hence, "14268" is the correct answer.

Given : In a group of 110 students, 23 students did not participate in any of the two games: Badminton and Chess,  45 students participated in Badminton and 61 students participated in Chess.

So,

Total students = 110

Students did not participate in any of the two games = 23

Therefore, students who participated (a +b + c) = 110 - 23 ⇒ 87

Students participated in badminton (a + b) = 45

Students participated in chess (c + b) = 61

Students who participated in both games (b) = (Students participated in badminton + Students participated in chess) - (total Students who participated)

(b) ⇒ [(a + b) + (c + b)] - (a + b + c)

(b) ⇒ (45 + 61) - 87

(b) ⇒ 106 - 87 = 19

Students who participated in badminton only (a)  = (Students participated in badminton) - (Students who participated in both games)

(a) ⇒ (a + b) - (b)

(a) ⇒ 45 - 19 = 26

Hence, "26" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

• Last letter is shifted to first position , then again last letter is shifted to second position and so on.

​So,

 

Hence, "SNAORG" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Both (b) and (c).

Key Points

• Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes the ambient water temperature.
• Hot water can be a pollutant if it comes from  A power plant, An industry.
• Heat is classified as a water pollutant when it is caused by heated industrial effluents or from anthropogenic (human) alterations of stream bank vegetation that increase the water system temperatures.
• A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.
• When the water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the sudden change in temperature decreases the oxygen supply and affects the ecosystem.
• Fish and other organisms adapted to a particular temperature range can be killed by an abrupt change in water temperature (either a rapid increase or decrease in the temperature of the water known as thermal shock).

The correct answer is 7.

• The Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly has consisted of 7 members.
• The Drafting Committee had seven members: Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, N. Gopalaswami; B.R. Ambedkar, K.M Munshi, Mohammad Saadulla, B.L. Mitter and D.P. Khaitan.
• Later, B. L. Mitter was replaced by N. Madhava Rau, and D. P. Khaitan was replaced by T. T. Krishnamachari.
• At its first meeting on 30th August 1947, the Drafting Committee elected B.R Ambedkar as its Chairman.
• On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.
• While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved, discussed and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 tabled.
• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and the hon'ble members appended their signatures to it on 24 January 1950.

The correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• There are 12 Schedules in the Constitution of India as of April 2021.
• One of the first mentions of  Schedules was made in the Government of India Act, 1935 which it included 10 Schedules.
• Later, when the Indian Constitution was adopted in 1949, it consisted of 8 Schedules.
• Today, with the amendments in the Indian Constitution, there are a total of 12 Schedules.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Five.

Key Points

• Bee has five eyes
• Eyes-Incredible as it may seem, the honey bee has FIVE eyes, two large compound eyes and three smaller ocelli eyes in the centre of its head.
• Bees need eyes not only to pick up colours and UV markings in flowers, as well as shapes but also to navigate.  Thus the two sets of eyes are adapted to perform different tasks simultaneously.
• The two large eyes at the side of the head (known as 'compound eyes') are used for picking up shapes and colours in the immediate environment, whilst the three small eyes on the top of the head (known as the 'ocelli') are important for navigation and orientation.

Additional Information

• Legs – The honey bee has three pairs of legs, six legs in total.
• However, the rear pair is specially designed with stiff hairs to store pollen when flying from flower to flower.
• This is why a heavily laden worker bee is seen to have two golden pouches in a full season.
• The front pair of legs have special slots to enable the bee to clean its antenna.
• Wings – The honey bee has four wings in total.
• The front and rear wings hook together to form one big pair of wings and unhook for easy folding when not flying.

The correct answer is It is rich in phosphoric content.

Key Points

Properties of Black Soil

• It is found along the Deccan trap.
• It has a good capacity to hold moisture.
• It develops deep cracks during hot weather.
• It has rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime but poor in nitrogen and phosphorous.
• It has a clayey texture and are highly fertile the structure of these soils is cloddish or occasionally friable.
• Ti is highly retentive of moisture, extremely compact and tenacious when wet contractible and develops deep wide cracks on drying.
• It has calcareous and neutral to mild alkaline in reaction, high in carbon exchange capacity and low in organic matter.
• It has property of self-ploughing and comparatively less fertile on the uplands than on the lowlands.

The correct answer is Kaushal Konwar.

Key Points

• Kaushal Konwar was the only martyr of the Quit India phase of the freedom movement who was hanged.
• Kushal Konwar was a ‘Satyagrahi’ and Gandhian, a descendant of the Ahom dynasty.
• He pledged to remain a vegetarian and accepted the ShrimadBhagawad Gita as his only companion.
• On 12 March 1930, Gandhiji began walking from his ashram at Sabarmati towards the ocean.
• On 10th October 1942, hidden in the thick fog of early morning, some people removed a few sleepers from the railway line near Sarupathar in Golaghat district.
• A Military train passing by derailed and many British and American soldiers lost their lives.
• Accusing Kushal Konwar of being the chief conspirator of the train sabotage, the British police arrested him.
• At dawn on 15th June 1943 at 4:30 am, KushalKonwar was hanged at Jorhat Jail.

The correct answer is implicit price deflator.

Key Points

• The GDP deflator, also called implicit price deflator, is a measure of inflation.
• It is the ratio of the value of goods and services an economy produces in a particular year at current prices to that of prices that prevailed during the base year.
• This ratio helps show the extent to which the increase in the gross domestic product has happened on account of higher prices rather than an increase in output.
• Since the deflator covers the entire range of goods and services produced in the economy — as against the limited commodity baskets for the wholesale or consumer price indices — it is seen as a more comprehensive measure of inflation.
• Real vs nominal GDP -GDP price deflator measures the difference between real GDP and nominal GDP.
• Nominal GDP differs from real GDP as the former doesn’t include inflation, while the latter does.
• As a result, nominal GDP will most often be higher than real GDP in an expanding economy.
• The formula to find the GDP price deflator: GDP price deflator = (nominal GDP ÷ real GDP) x 100.

The correct answer is (a), (b) and (c).

Key Points

• Vote on account-  Vote on Account deals only with the expenditure side of the government budget.
• So voting on the account is just interim permission to spend money as against a full Budget which is an elaborate financial statement of expenditure and receipts including changes in taxes and government policies.
• According to Article 266 of the Constitution**,** drawing money from the Consolidated Fund of India requires Parliamentary permission.
• Furthermore, Article 114 (3) of the Constitution states that no money can be taken from the Consolidated Fund until a law is passed (i.e. Appropriation bill).
• The passage of an appropriation bill is a lengthy process that normally lasts until the end of April.
• However, the government would require funds to continue its routine operations after March 31st (the end of the financial year).
• To address this practical issue, Article 116 of the Constitution allows the Lok Sabha to make any grant in advance for expected spending for a portion of the fiscal year, awaiting the conclusion of the vote on grant demands and the adoption of the appropriation bill.
• This is known as the 'vote on account' clause.
• A 'Vote on Account' is not the same as an interim budget**.**
• An Interim Budget is a comprehensive set of accounts, covering both expenditure and receipts, as opposed to a 'Vote on Account,' which solely deals with the expenditure side of the government's budget.
• An Interim Budget gives a complete financial statement, similar to a full budget**.**

The correct answer is 50%.

Key Points

• The Constitution (112th Amendment) Bill 2009 provides for 50% reservation for women in Urban Local Bodies was introduced in Lok Sabha on 24th November 2009.
• Through this Bill, the Government of India seeks to increase the representation of women in Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) from the present level of one-third to 50 per cent which would also include enhancement of reservations for women up to 50 per cent in seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and 50 per cent reservations for women in the posts of Chairpersons.
• This would result in an increased representation of women in ULBs and is likely to yield significant benefits in terms of higher priority to women’s issues in critical areas of urban Governance and service delivery such as water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, education and health, etc.
• Presently the bill is under the consideration of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Urban Development.

The correct answer is  Tripura.

In News

• TIPRA stands for The Tiprasa Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance (TIPRA) is a regional alliance by the abbreviated name TIPRA that come into the limelight in March-April 2021.
• TIPRA's main objective is the creation of a new state 'Greater Tipraland' under Articles 2 & 3 of the Constitution of India.
• The Motha emphasizes Tipra (Tripuri) nationalism which is evident with the slogan "Puila Jati, Ulobo Jati" and "Puila Jati, Ulo Party" (Community first party later).
• It aims to first empower and emancipate the Tiprasa people before anything else.
• The TIPRA is led by Pradyot Bikram Manikya.

The correct answer is ₹2,23,846 crore.

Key Points

• Union Budget 2021-22 allocated a total amount of  ₹2,23,846 crore towards health and wellbeing.
• 6 pillars of the Union Budget 2021-22:
• Health and Wellbeing
• Physical & Financial Capital, and Infrastructure
• Inclusive Development for Aspirational
• India Reinvigorating Human Capital
• Innovation and R&d
• Minimum Government and Maximum Governance
• Health and Wellbeing
• Rs. 2,23,846 crore outlay for Health and Wellbeing in BE 2021-22 as against Rs. 94,452 crores in BE 2020-21 – an increase of 137% Focus on strengthening three areas: Preventive, Curative, and Wellbeing Steps being taken for improving health and wellbeing.

The correct answer is Sustainable Sanitation and Climate Change.

Key Points

• The resolution declaring World Toilet Day titled, ‘Sanitation for All’ was adopted on 24 July 2013.
• The resolution urges the UN Member States and relevant stakeholders to encourage behavioural change and the implementation of policies to increase access to sanitation among the poor, along with a call to end the practice of open-air defecation, which it deemed “extremely harmful” to public health.
• World Toilet Day seeks to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis and help achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which promises sanitation for all by 2030.
• In 2020, activities to mark the day will focus on the theme, 'Sustainable sanitation and climate change.
• World Toilet Day is celebrated on 19th November every year.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• 'Povadas' is a popular folk dance from the state of Maharashtra.
• Povadas are presented in the Marathi ballad form.
• This dance form describes the events in the life of the great Maratha ruler, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
• The other popular dance in Maharashtra is -Dhangari Gaja, Folk Dances, Koli Dance, Lavani Dance, and Tamasha.

The correct answer is Carrying capacity.

Key Points

• The maximum sustainable size of a resident population in a given ecosystem is called as Carrying capacity.
• Carrying capacity is the maximum number, density, or biomass of a population that a specific area can support sustainably.
• This likely varies over time and depends on environmental factors, resources, and the presence of predators, disease agents, and competitors over time.
• The concept of carrying capacity has been explicitly recognized for more than 175 years, and its use has waxed and waned during this time.
• Currently, the use of carrying capacity to describe any particular population requires caution, although the concept remains intuitive and invokes questions that challenge our fundamental understanding of factors that regulate populations over time and space.

Additional InformationCensus

• An official, usually periodic enumeration of a population, often including the collection of related demographic information.
• Demography Economic Activity Literacy and Education Housing & Household Amenities Urbanization, Fertility, and Mortality Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Language are some of the information that we can get from census data.

Crude rate

• A crude rate is defined as the total number of events, or count, divided by the mid-year total population of the selected geography and multiplied by a constant, which is a multiple of 10.
• Typical constants used for public health rates include 100, 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000.
• Crude Rate = (Number of Events or Count ÷ Mid-year Population) x Constant.
• Crude rates are the only types of rates available in the Birth MICA, Pregnancy MICA, Fertility and Pregnancy Rate MICA, and the five WIC MICAs.
• Crude rates are reported in the Community Data Profiles for birth, pregnancy, and WIC indicators.
• Rates for specific age groups, such as infants under the age of 1 or adults ages 20-24, are also crude rates unless otherwise specified.  (Age groups that cover a large range of ages, such as adults ages 18-64, maybe age-adjusted.)

The correct answer is 1974.

Key Points

• Realising the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of the water bodies, the Government of India passed the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, to safeguard our water resources.
• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for the maintaining or restoring of the wholesomeness of water in the country.
• The Act was amended in 1988. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977, to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons operating and carrying on certain types of industrial activities.
• This cess is collected with a view to augment the resources of the Central Board and the State Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
• The Act was last amended in 2003.

The correct answer is Russia. 

Key Points

• India and Russia were declared joint winners of the 2020 Online FIDE Chess Olympiad after the final was marred by internet disconnection.
• Russia were initially declared winners after two Indian players, Nihal Sarin and Divya Deshmukh, lost out on time in the final after suffering a disconnection with the server.
• India had appealed against the controversial decision.
• However, the international chess federation Fide's president Arkady Dvorkovich decided to award the gold medal to both teams.
• This was the first time Fide was holding the Olympiad in an online format.
• India had reached the finals of the FIDE Chess Olympiad for the first time.

The correct answer is Amitav Ghosh.

Key Points

• Sea of Poppies is written by Amitav Ghosh.
• At the heart of this vibrant saga is a vast ship, the Ibis.
• Her destiny is a tumultuous voyage across the Indian Ocean shortly before the outbreak of the Opium Wars in China.
• In a time of colonial upheaval, fate has thrown together a diverse cast of Indians and Westerners on board, from a bankrupt raja to a widowed tribeswoman, from a mulatto American freedman to a free-spirited French orphan.
• As their old family ties are washed away, they, like their historical counterparts, come to view themselves as jahaj-bhais, or ship-brothers.
• The vast sweep of this historical adventure spans the lush poppy fields of the Ganges, the rolling high seas, and the exotic backstreets of Canton.

The correct answer is A Bunch of Old Letters.

Key Points

• A Bunch of Old Letters was written by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The Letters In This Volume, Written By Some Of The Leading Figures Of Our Times**, Cover The Three Eventful Decades Leading Up To India S Independence In 1947.**
• Many Of The Letters Are From Those Most Closely Involved In The Freedom Struggle Among Them, Mahatma Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Rabindranath Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, Maulana Azad, Vallabhbhai Patel And Jayaprakash Narayan.
• Of Particular Interest Is The Long Correspondence Between Subhas Chandra Bose And Nehru, Which Covers The Crisis During The Tripuri Congress In 1939, And Reflects The Two Leaders Sharply Differing Views On The Mobilization Of National Resistance To British Rule.
• Equally Fascinating Are The Letters From Mahatma Gandhi, Which Reveal His Acute Political Instincts As Well As His Deep Humanity And His Genuine Respect For Dissent.
• The Letters Also Bear Testimony To Jawaharlal Nehru S Extraordinary Gift For Friendship, And The Respect And Admiration He Evoked, Both Personally And For The Cause Of Indian Independence, From World Figures As Diverse As George Bernard Shaw, Romain Rolland, Clare Boothe Luce, Edward Thompson, Chiang Kai-Shek And Bertrand Russell, Among Others. A Bunch Of Old Letters Is Essential Reading For An Understanding Of The History Of National Movement.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ardhendu Destidar.

Key Points

• Ardhendu Destidar belonged to the second group, In his early teens, he left the roof of his father due to a difference of opinion on political matters with him.
• He became an active member of the revolutionary party of Chittagong under the table, the leadership of Master-da (Surya Sen).
• Just a few weeks before the storming of the Armoury, he got severely burnt due to an accident in manu­facturing picric acid powder meant for high explosive bombs.
• He had not fully recovered from his injuries when he joined the party that carried out the raid on the Police Line on the 18th, With the main body of the raiders, he retired to Jalalabad Hill.
• He happened to be the sixth man to be wounded in the exchange of bullets with the British soldiers.
• He received a deadly wound in his abdomen from the enemy's bullet which rendered him unconscious and he was left on the field as dead.

Additional Information Chittagong Armoury Raid

• The Chittagong armoury raid, also known as the Chittagong uprising, was an attempt by armed Indian independence fighters led by Surya Sen on 18 April 1930 to raid the Chittagong armoury of police and auxiliary forces in the Bengal Presidency of British India (now Bangladesh).
• The raiders were members of the revolutionary Indian Republican Army, which advocated for armed uprisings to free India from British colonial rule.
• They were inspired by the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland.
• Sen devised a plan to cut Chittagong off from Calcutta by capturing the two main armouries, destroying the telegraph and telephone office, and kidnapping members of the European Club as hostages.
• Imperial banks in Chittagong were to be looted in order to raise funds for future uprisings, and various imprisoned revolutionaries were to be released.
• A group of revolutionaries led by Ganesh Ghosh captured the police armoury in Dampara's Police Line, while another group of ten men led by Lokenath Bal took the Auxiliary Forces armoury (now the old Circuit House).
• A total of 65 people were involved in the raid, which was carried out in the name of the Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch.
• They were unsuccessful in their search for ammunition, but they were successful in cutting telephone and telegraph wires and disrupting train movements.

The correct answer is Atlantic.

Key Points

• The Black Sea is in the Atlantic Ocean.
• Black Sea, Russian and Bulgarian Chernoye More, Ukrainian Chorne More, Turkish Karadenız, Romanian Marea Neagră, large inland sea situated at the southeastern extremity of Europe.
• It is bordered by Ukraine to the north, Russia to the northeast, Georgia to the east**, Turkey** to the south, and Bulgaria and Romania to the west.
• The roughly oval-shaped Black Sea occupies a large basin strategically situated at the southeastern extremity of Europe but connected to the distant waters of the Atlantic Ocean by the Bosporus (which emerges from the sea’s southwestern corner), the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles, the Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.
• Danube, Dnieper and Don via the Sea of AzovRioni, Kodori and Inguri Chorokh, Kyzyl-Irmak, Eshil-Irmak, Sakarya, Southern Bug and Dnister are the rivers that flow in the Black sea.

The correct answer is Delhi.

Key Points

• As per the Swiss organisation IQAir's 'World Air Quality Report, 2020', Delhi is the most polluted capital city in the world.
• The 2021 World Air Quality Report for the fourth consecutive year finds New Delhi as the most polluted capital city (and fourth most polluted city) in the World followed by Dhaka in Bangladesh, N’Djamena in Chad, Dushanbe in Tajikistan and Muscat in Oman.
• New Delhi saw a 14.6% increase in PM2.5 concentrations in 2021 with levels rising to 96.4 μg/m3 from 84 μg/m3 in 2020.
• India also continues to feature prominently among the most polluted cities – with 35 of the top 50 most polluted cities being in India.
• While India’s annual average PM2.5 levels reached 58.1 μg/m3 in 2021, ending a three-year trend of improving air quality. India’s annual PM2.5 averages have now returned to pre-quarantine concentrations as measured in 2019.
• Alarmingly, in 2021, NONE of the Indian cities met the prescribed World Health Organization (WHO) standards of  5 μg/m3. 48% of India’s cities exceeded 50 μg/m3 or more than 10 times the WHO guidelines.

The correct answer is Gol Gumbaz.

Key Points

• Gol Gumbaz is the largest dome in India as of April 2021**.**
• Gol Gumbaz is the most famous monument in Vijayapura.
• It is the tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah (ruled 1627–1657). It is the second largest dome ever built, next in size only to St Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
• A particular attraction in this monument is the central chamber, where every sound is echoed seven times.
• Another attraction at the Gol Gumbaz is the Whispering Gallery, where even minute sounds can be heard clearly 37 metres away.
• Gol Gumbaz complex includes a mosque, a Naqqar Khana (a hall for the trumpeters) (now it is used as a museum) and the ruins of guest houses.
• Its vast dome is said to be the Second Largest Dome, unsupported by pillars, in the world, after St. Peter’s in the Vatican City of Rome.
• It is constructed in such a way that even a pin drop can be heard distinctly from across a space of 38 m, in the Whispering Gallery.
• The acoustics here are such that any sound made is said to be repeated 10 times over.
• In the surrounding ornamental gardens is an archaeological museum.

The correct answer is Nandas.

Key Points

• Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the power of the Nandas at Magadha with the aid of Kautilya and founded a glorious **Mauryan empire in 322 BC.**e
• The Maurya Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and rapidly expanded his power westward across central and western India in order to take advantage of the disruptions of local powers in the wake of the withdrawal by Alexander the Great’s armies.
• According to legend, Chanakya, insulted by Nanda ruler Dhana Nanda, guided Chandragupta Maurya to overthrow him, ending the Nanda dynasty and establishing the Maurya Empire.
• Chandragupta Maurya expanded the Maurya Empire north and west as he conquered the Macedonian Satrapies and won the Seleucid-Mauryan war.
• In its time, the Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires in the world.

Additional Information

 Maurya Empire 

• The Mauryan Empire, which formed around 321 B.C.E, and ended in 185 B.C.E, was the first pan-Indian empire, an empire that covered most of the Indian region.
• It spanned across central and northern India as well as over parts of modern-day Iran.
• Bindusara, Chandragupta’s son, assumed the throne around 300 B.C.E.
• He kept the empire running smoothly while maintaining its lands.
• Bindusara’s son, Ashoka, was the third leader of the Mauryan Empire. A
• Ashoka left his mark on history by erecting large stone pillars inscribed with edicts that he issued.
• After leading a bloody campaign against Kalinga (a region on the central-eastern coast of India), Ashoka reevaluated his commitment to expanding the empire and instead turned to Buddhism and its tenet of nonviolence.
• After Ashoka’s death, his family continued to reign, but the empire began to break apart.
• The last of the Mauryas, Brihadratha, was assassinated by his commander in chief—a man named Pushyamrita who went on to found the Shunga Dynasty—in 185 B.C.E.

The correct answer is Fungi.

• In the context of the spread of germs by faecal matter, Fungi do not figure in the F-Diagram.
• The F-diagram shows faecal-oral disease transmission routes.
• Faeces which are not disposed or stored safely represent a health risk for humans, since pathogens in faeces can be transmitted through many different routes to humans – i.e. flies, contaminated foods, fingers (unwashed hands), through fields (crops) and fluids (water).
• The F-diagram depicts those relationships in a simple manner so that everyone can understand them.

The correct answer is Tadej Pogacar.

Key Point

• Tour de France is an annual men’s cycling event held for 21-day long stages over a period of 23 days.
• It has  21 stages and the longest stage stretches for a distance of 218km.
• It is known for as the world’s most prestigious but also the most challenging cycle race.
• Tadej Pogacar won the 2020 Tour de France.
• Tadej Pogacar (UAE Team Emirates) sailed in to claim the overall victory in the 2020 Tour de France on the final stage to Paris.
• Primoz Roglic (Jumbo-Visma), who led the race until the stage 20 time trial, and Richie Porte (Trek-Segafredo) rounded out the podium.

Given:

Height of the tent = 22.5 m

the diameters of the upper and the lower circular ends of the frustum are 21 m and 39 m, respectively

Formula used:

Slant height of a frustum (l) = √[H² + (R - r)²]

Curved surface area of a frustum = πl(R + r)

Curved surface area of a hemisphere = 2πr²

Here,

H = Height of the frustum

R = Lower radius

r = upper radius and the radius of the hemisphere

Calculation:

In the given figure,

Height of the frustum = 12 m and height of the hemisphere = 10.5 m

Upper radius = 21/2

Lower radius = 39/2

Now,

Slant height (l) of the frustum = √[12² + {(39/2) - (21/2)}²]

⇒ √[122 + {(39 - 21)/2}2]

⇒ √(122 + 92)

⇒ √(144 + 81)

⇒ √225

⇒ 15

Surface area of the tent = Curved surface area of the frustum + curved surface area of the hemisphere

So,

Surface area of the tent = 15π(39/2 + 21/2) + 2π × (21/2)²

⇒ π[15 × (60/2) + 2 × 441/4]

⇒ π[15 × 30 + 441/2]

⇒ 22/7 × [450 + 441/2]

⇒ 22/7 × [(900 + 441)/2]

⇒ 11/7 × 1341

⇒ 14751/7

⇒ 2107$\frac{{2}}{7}$

So, the required area of the cloth = 2107$\frac{{2}}{7}$ m²

∴ The area of the cloth (in m2) used to make the tent is 2107$\frac{{2}}{7}$.

Given:

The perimeters of two similar ΔABC and ΔPQR are 48.4 cm and 12.1 cm

Concept used:

Area ΔABC/ Area ΔPQR = (Perimeter of ΔABC/Perimeter of ΔPQR)2

Calculation:

Area ΔABC/ Area ΔPQR = [(48.4)/(12.1)]²

⇒ Area ΔABC/ Area ΔPQR = (4/1)²

⇒ Area ΔABC/ Area ΔPQR = 16/1

∴ The required ratio is 16 : 1.

Calculation:

Total students who have secured less than 60% = 10 + 30

⇒ 40

Total students who have secured 80 or more than 80% = 40 + 25

⇒ 65

Difference = 65 - 40

⇒ 25

Required % = (25/65) × 100

⇒ 38.46 ≈ 38.5%

∴ Required answer is 38.5%.

Given:

4x - 3y = 12 and xy = 5

Concept used:

(a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab

Calculation:

4x - 3y = 12

⇒ (4x - 3y)² = 12²

⇒ 16x2 + 9y2 - 24xy = 144

⇒ 16x2 + 9y2 - 24 × 5 = 144

⇒ 16x2 + 9y2 - 120 = 144

⇒ 16x2 + 9y2 = 264

Now,

$\frac{{16{x^2} + 9{y^2}}}{8}$ = $\frac{{264}}{8}$

⇒ 33

∴ The required answer is 33.

Given:

A vegetable vendor sold 1 kg of potatoes for ₹25 and earned 25% profit.

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price × (100 + profit)%

Calculation:

Cost price of 1 kg potatoes = 25 × (100/125)

⇒ 20

Now,

Selling price at 10% = 20 × (100 + 10)%

⇒ 20 × 110%

⇒ 22

∴ He sold the potatoes at 22 (in ₹) per kg in the evening.

Concept used:

If the sum of digits of the number is divisible by 9, then the number itself is divisible by 9.

If the last three digits of a number are divisible by 8, then the number is completely divisible by 8.

Calculation:

72 = 8 × 9

So, the number should be divisible by 8 and 9 both

78y should be divisible by 8

Now,

9y6 is divisible by 8 and y is the least possible value

So, the least possible value of y = 3

Now,

5 + 4 + 7 + 2 + 6 + x + 7 + 9 + 3 + 6 = 49 + x is divisible by 9

So, x = 5

Now,

5x - 3y = (5 × 5 - 3 × 3)

⇒ 25 - 9

⇒ 16

∴ The value of 5x - 3y is 16.

Shortcut Trick

(a + 1/a + 3) = ±√16 = ±4

For real 'a', the absolute value of (a + 1/a) must be ≥ 2.

If a + 1/a + 3 = 4 → a + 1/a = 1 (Impossible for real 'a')

If a + 1/a + 3 = −4 → a + 1/a = −7

a² + 1/a² = (a + 1/a)² − 2 = (−7)² − 2 = 47

∴ The correct answer is 47.

Alternate Method

Given: (a + 1/a + 3)² = 16

Formula used: (x + 1/x)² = x² + 1/x² + 2

⇒ (a + 1/a + 3)² = 16

⇒ a + 1/a + 3 = ±4

⇒ Case 1: a + 1/a + 3 = 4 ⇒ a + 1/a = 1

⇒ For real number 'a', the discriminant of a² − a + 1 = 0 is (−1)² − 4(1)(1) = −3, so 'a' is not real.

⇒ Case 2: a + 1/a + 3 = −4 ⇒ a + 1/a = −7

⇒ Squaring both sides: (a + 1/a)² = (−7)²

⇒ a² + 1/a² + 2 = 49

⇒ a² + 1/a² = 49 − 2 = 47

∴ The correct answer is 47.

Additional Information

Range of x + 1/x

For any non-zero real number 'x', the value of (x + 1/x) always satisfies |x + 1/x| ≥ 2.

Algebraic Identity

If x + 1/x = k, then x² + 1/x² = k² − 2 and x³ + 1/x³ = k³ − 3k.

Nature of Roots

For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, roots are real only if the discriminant D = b² − 4ac ≥ 0.

Given:

AP = 4 cm

PB = 6 cm

AQ = 5 cm

CQ = 7.5 cm.

PQ = 6 cm

Concept Used:

If the ratio of corresponding sides of any two triangles is equal then they are similar.

Calculation:

In ΔABC and ΔAPQ,

AP/AB = 4/10 or 2/5

AQ/AC = 5/12.5 or 2/5

So, AB/AP = AC/AQ

So, ΔABC ∼ ΔAPQ

So, PQ/BC = 2/5

⇒ 6/BC = 2/5

⇒ BC = 6 × (5/2)

⇒ BC = 15

∴ BC is 15 cm.

Given:

X, Y and Z started their business by investing ₹40,000, ₹38,000 and ₹30,000

Concept Used:

Profit = Amount of Investment × Time of Invest

Calculation:

Investment at the end of the year of X = 40000 × 6 + 60000 × 6 = 240000 + 360000

⇒ 600000

Investment at the end of the year of Y = 38000 × 6 + 30000 × 6 = 228000 + 180000

⇒ 408000

Investment at the end of the year of Z = 30000 × 6 + 45000 × 6 = 180000 + 270000

⇒ 450000

Ratio of profit share ratio = 600000 : 408000 : 450000

⇒ 100 : 68 : 75

Share of Y = 38880 × (68/243)

⇒ 10880

∴ The share of Y (in ₹) in the total profit of ₹38,880 made at the end of the year is 10880.

Given:

A reduction of 15% in the price of wheat enables a housewife to buy 6 kg more for ₹2,720.

Calculation:

Let the C.P of wheat per kg be x

Total quantity of wheat in ₹ 2720 = 2720/x

New price = x – x × (15/100)

⇒ (100 - 15)x/100

⇒ 85x/100 or 17x/20

New quantity of wheat in ₹ 2720 = 2720/(17x/20)

⇒ 2720 × (20/17x)

⇒ 3200/x

Now,

(3200/x) – 2720/x = 6

⇒ (480)/x = 6 

⇒ x = 80

New price of wheat per kg = 80 × (17/20)

⇒ 68

∴ The reduced price of wheat per kg (in ₹) is 68.

Given:

tan A = $\frac{{2.4}}{{0.7}}$

Concept used:

tan A = $\frac{{P}}{{B}}$

cot A = 1/tan A

cos A = $\frac{{B}}{{H}}$

According to the Pythagoras theorem

P² + B² = H²

Calculation:

tan A = $\frac{{2.4}}{{0.7}}$

⇒ $\frac{{P}}{{B}}$ = $\frac{{2.4}}{{0.7}}$

So,

H² = 2.4² + 0.7²

⇒ H2 = 5.76 + 0.49

⇒ H2 = 6.25

⇒ H = 2.5

Now,

(50 cos A + 24 cot A) = [50 × (0.7/2.5) + 24 × (0.7/2.4)]

⇒ [20 × 0.7 + 10 × 0.7]

⇒ 14 + 7

⇒ 21

∴ Required answer is 21.

Given:

The length of the shadow of a vertical tower on level ground increase by 8.4 m

The angle of elevation of the sun change from 45° to 30°.

Concept used:

Calculation:

Let the height of tower be H meter And P be the shadow of tower

In ΔABC

tan45° = H/P

⇒ 1 = H/P

⇒ P = H      ----(i)

In ΔABD

tan30° = H/(8.4 + P)

Putting the value of P from equation (i) we get.

1/√3 = H/(8.4 + H)

⇒ 8.4 + H = √3H

⇒ 8.4 = √3H - H

⇒ H(√3 – 1) = 8.4

⇒ H = 8.4/(√3 – 1)

On rationalization

H = 8.4(√3 + 1)/{(√3 – 1)(√3 + 1)}

⇒ H = 8.4(√3 + 1)/2

⇒ H = 4.2(√3 + 1)

∴ The height of the tower is 4.2(√3 + 1).

Given:

35 men can finish a work in 6 days

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency of the workers × total time taken by them

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of each worker be x

So, total efficiency = 35x

Now,

Total work = 35x × 6

⇒ 210x

Half of the work = 210x/2

⇒ 105x units

Now,

Required time = 105x/7x

⇒ 15 days

∴ Required days to the half of the work is 15.

Calculation:

Total students who took Commerce and Computer in 2019 = 2000 × (25 + 14)%

⇒ 2000 × 39%

⇒ 780

Total students who took Engineering and Medical in 2020 = 2400 × (12+ 10)%

⇒ 2400 × 22%

⇒ 528

Now,

Ratio = 780 : 528

⇒ 65 : 44

∴ Required answer is 65 : 44.

Calculation:

Total export of cars of type A in 2014 to 2018 = 200 + 150 + 275 + 175 + 300

⇒ 1100

Total export of cars of type B in 2015 to 2017 = 250 + 200 + 275

⇒ 725

Difference = 1100 - 725

⇒ 375

Required % = (375/725) × 100

⇒ 51.72 ≈ 51.7%

∴ The required answer is 51.7%.

Given:

Ras Bihari, a plumber, earned on an average ₹925 per day in the month of January.

He earned on average ₹881 per day during the first 20 days and ₹915 per day during the last 20 days.

Concept used:

Average = Sum of elements/Number of elements

Calculation:

Total earnings in the month of January = 925 × 31

⇒ 28675

Total earning of 1st 20 days = 881 × 20

⇒ 17620

Total earning of last 20 days = 915 × 20

⇒ 18300

Earning of 12th January to 20th January = (17620 + 18300) - 28675

⇒ 7245

Average of earning of 12th January to 20th January = 7245/9

⇒ 805

∴ His average income (in ₹) per day from 12th January to 20th January is 805.

Given:

LCM and HCF of two numbers are 90 and 15, respectively.

The sum of the two numbers is 75

Concept used:

Product of two numbers = LCM × HCF

(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

(a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab

Calculation:

Let the two numbers be a and b

So,

a + b = 75       ----(i)

⇒ (a + b)² = 5625

⇒ a² + b2 + 2ab = 5625

⇒ a2 + b2 + 2 × 90 × 15 = 5625

⇒ a2 + b2 + 2700 = 5625

⇒ a2 + b2 = 5625 - 2700

⇒ a2 + b2 = 2925

Now,

a2 + b2 - 2ab = (a - b)²

⇒ 2925 - 2700 = (a - b)2

⇒ 225 = (a - b)2

⇒ 15² = (a - b)2

⇒ 15 = (a - b)      ----(ii)

Now,

From eq (i) and (ii) we can say

a = 45 and b = 30

∴ The greater number is 45.

Shortcut Trick LCM × HCF = Product of two numbers

 Let one number be x

Other number = (75 - x)

 Then,

 ⇒ 90 × 15 = x(75 - x)

 ⇒ 1350 = 75x - x2

 ⇒ x2 - 75x + 1350=0

 ⇒ x2- 45x - 30x + 1350=0

 ⇒ x = 45, 30

 ∴ Greater number = 45

Given:

∠ABO = 50°

Concept used:

The sum of a pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180° (supplementary).

The angle subtended by an arc at the center is twice the angle subtended at the circumference

Calculation:

OA = OB = radius of the circle

So, ∠ABO = ∠BAO = 50°

So, ∠AOB = 180° - (50° + 50°)

⇒ ∠AOB = 180° - 100°

⇒ ∠AOB = 80°

Let A and B meet at point D in the major sector

Now,

∠ADB = 80°/2 = 40°

ACBD is a cyclic quadrilateral 

So, ∠ACB = 180° - 40°

⇒ ∠ACB = 140°

∴ The measure of ∠ACB is 140°.

Given:

Ankita's weight is 20% less than that of her grandmother.

Her grandmother weighs 26 kg less than her grandmother's husband, whose weight is 81 kg.

Ankita's brother is 8 kg heavier than Ankita

Calculation:

Weight of her grandmother = 81 - 26

⇒ 55 kg

So, the weight of Ankita = 55 × 80%

⇒ 44 kg

Now,

Weight of her brother = 44 + 8

⇒ 52 kg

∴ The weight (in kg) of Ankita's brother is 52.

Given:

• 5 + 5 + 625 ÷ 5 × 5

Concept used:

Calculation:

• 5 + 5 + 625 ÷ 5 × 5

⇒ - 5 + 5 + 125 × 5

⇒ - 5 + 5 + 625

⇒ 625

∴ Required answer is 625.

Given:

sec2 α + 4 cos2 α = 4

Concept used:

(a - b)² = a² + b² - 2ab

Calculation:

sec2α + 4cos2α = 4

⇒ sec2α + 4/sec2α = 4

⇒ sec4α + 4 = 4sec2α 

⇒ sec4α + 4 - 4sec2α = 0

⇒ sec4α + 4 - 2.2sec2α = 0

⇒ (sec2α - 2)² = 0

So, sec2α - 2 = 0

⇒ sec2α = 2

⇒ sec2α = sec²45°

So, α = 45°

∴ The value of α is 45°.

Shortcut Trick

For any triangle OPR inscribed in a circle with center O and chords PQ and QR forming an angle θ:

Measure of ∠OPR = |∠PQR − 90°|

⇒ ∠OPR = |118° − 90°|

⇒ ∠OPR = 28°

∴ The correct answer is 28°.

Alternate Method

Given: ∠PQR = 118° in a circle with centre O.

Formula Used: Angle at the center is twice the angle at the circumference. In a cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles sum to 180°.

⇒ Let S be a point on the major arc PR. Then PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.

⇒ ∠PSR + ∠PQR = 180°

⇒ ∠PSR + 118° = 180°

⇒ ∠PSR = 62°

⇒ Central angle subtended by arc PR is ∠POR = 2 × ∠PSR

⇒ ∠POR = 2 × 62° = 124°

⇒ In ▵OPR, OP = OR (radii of the same circle).

⇒ ▵OPR is an isosceles triangle, so ∠OPR = ∠ORP.

⇒ ∠OPR + ∠ORP + ∠POR = 180°

⇒ 2 × ∠OPR + 124° = 180°

⇒ 2 × ∠OPR = 56°

⇒ ∠OPR = 28°

∴ The correct answer is 28°.

Additional Information

Angle at Center Theorem

The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circumference.

Cyclic Quadrilateral Property

The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is always 180° (∠A + ∠C = 180°).

Isosceles Triangle in Circles

Any triangle formed by two radii and a chord is an isosceles triangle because radii of the same circle are equal in length.

Calculation:

Monthly expenses on Rent = 108000 × (60°/360°)

⇒ 18000

∴ Required expense on rent is Rs. 18000.

Given:

A 240-m long train crosses a 360-m long tunnel in 30 seconds.

Concept used:

Time = Distance/speed

When a train crosses a tunnel or platform then it will cover its own length and the length of that tunnel or platform

Km\h × 5/18 = m/sec

Calculation:

Let the speed of the train be x m/sec

Now,

(240 + 360)/x = 30

⇒ 600/x = 30

⇒ x = 20

So, speed of the train is 20 m/sec

So, speed in km/h = 20 × (18/5)

⇒ 72 km/h

∴ The speed of the train (in km/h) is 72.

Shortcut Trick

Net gain rate = Lending rate − Borrowing rate = 7% − 5% = 2% per year.

Total gain percentage over 4 years = 2% × 4 = 8%.

Total Gain = 8% of ₹90,000 = (8 ÷ 100) × 90,000 = ₹7,200.

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,200.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹90,000

Rate of borrowing (R₁) = 5% per annum

Rate of lending (R₂) = 7% per annum

Time (T) = 4 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Gain = Interest Received − Interest Paid

Calculations:

⇒ Interest paid by A to the lender = (90,000 × 5 × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ Interest paid by A = 900 × 20 = ₹18,000

⇒ Interest received by A from B = (90,000 × 7 × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ Interest received by A = 900 × 28 = ₹25,200

⇒ Total Gain = Interest Received − Interest Paid

⇒ Total Gain = 25,200 − 18,000 = ₹7,200

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,200.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Formula

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest per annum, and T is the time in years.

Difference in Simple Interest

When the principal and the time period are the same, the difference in Simple Interest is directly proportional to the difference in their rates: ΔSI = [P × T × (R₁ − R₂)] ÷ 100.

Simple vs Compound Interest

For the first year, both Simple Interest and Compound Interest (compounded annually) are exactly identical. From the second year onwards, Compound Interest grows faster as it calculates interest on the accumulated interest as well.

The correct answer is 'Daring'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'Audacity' is 'Daring'.
• Audacity: behaviour that risks being shocking. (स्‍तब्‍ध कर देने वाला आचरण या व्‍यवहार)
• Example: He had the audacity to tell me I was rude!
• Daring: involving or taking risks; brave. (साहसी; बहादुर, निर्भी)
• Example: The climb required skill and daring.
  

Correct Answer: Daring.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Kindness: the quality of being kind; a kind act. (दयालुता; दयामय कार्य)
• Caution: great care, because of possible danger. (विशेष सावधानी, सतर्कता, चौकसी)
• Meekness: the fact or condition of being meek; submissiveness. (दब्‍बूपन)

The correct answer is 'QSRP'.

Key Points

• The given question is an example of a  Para Jumble.
• We know that the first statement of a para jumbled question is usually an independent general statement, a noun, a universal fact, starting of an incident, or it starts with 'most' or 'once'.
• Sentence Q will be the starting line as it contains the pronoun ‘he’ which is being used for ‘Ram Mohan’ discussed in sentence S1.
• However, Sentence S states that David also had a strong bond with India. So, S will follow Q.
• Further, Sentence R states that David also thought that this subject was very interesting and sentence P states that David said that it would be a good plan to have an English school and college. So, P will follow R.
• Thus, the correct sequence is:
• Q: He was talking with David about uplifting the mind of Indians.
• S: David also had a strong bond with India.
• R: So, he also thought that this subject was very interesting.
• P: David said that it would be a good plan to have an English school and college.
  

Correct Sequence: He was talking with David about uplifting the mind of Indians. David also had a strong bond with India. So, he also thought that this subject was very interesting. David said that it would be a good plan to have an English school and college.

The erroneous spelling is 'Gingar'.

Key Points

• Among the given Options the incorrectly spelt word is 'Gingar'.
• Its correct spelling is 'Ginger'.
• It means 'a root that tastes hot and is used in cooking'. (अदरक)
• Example: ground ginger...
  

Correct Answer: Gingar.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Girdle: a belt or cord worn round the waist. (कमर के चारों ओर पहना जाने वाला एक बेल्ट या कॉर्ड)
• Giggle: to laugh in a silly way that you cannot control, because you are amused or nervous. (प्रसन्‍नता या अधीरता के कारण बेक़ाबू होकर हँसना, ही-ही करना, हें-हें करना)
• Giant: (in stories) an extremely large, strong person. [(कहानियों में) बृहदाकार शक्तिशाली व्‍यक्ति, दैत्‍य]

The correct answer is 'A person used as a tool by another'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'Cat's paw' is 'A person used as a tool by another'.
• Cat's paw: a person who is used by another to carry out an unpleasant or dangerous task. (एक व्यक्ति जो किसी अप्रिय या खतरनाक कार्य को करने के लिए दूसरे द्वारा उपयोग किया जाता है)
• Example: He was merely a cat's paw of older and cleverer men.
  

Correct Answer: A person used as a tool by another.

The erroneous part is 'but he bring'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'but he brought' should be used instead of 'but he bring'.
• The given sentence is in the simple past tense so the verb must be used in its simple past form(brought) and not in the present form(bring).
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct Sentence: My guide was blind but he brought me home safely.

The correct answer is 'No error'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically correct.
• The given sentence is talking about a past incident.
• Formula (Sub+ past form of Verb (V2) + Object.
• For example: He went to school very fast last day.
• Here, everything is correctly used.
• Hence, a simple past helping verb is used.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct Sentence: The team won very easily at the recent sports event.

The correct answer is 'going out'.

Key Points

• The underlined part in the given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• "I fancy" needs a noun/object complement
• Thus, participle will be used as the noun complement, which is also termed as 'gerund'.
• Here, 'going out' should be used instead of 'to go out'.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.
  

Correct Sentence: I don't fancy going out this evening.

The correct answer is 'Quadruped'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word for the given group of words is 'Quadruped'.
• It means 'any creature with four feet'. (चौपाया जानवर; चतुष्‍पाद)
• Example: Horses, lions and dogs are quadrupeds, but humans are bipeds.
  

Correct Answer: Quadruped.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Reptile: an animal that has cold blood and a skin covered in scales, and whose young come out of eggs, for example crocodiles and snakes. [सरीसृप; रेंगने वाला जीव, जैसे मगरमच्‍छ, साँप (इनका ख़ून ठंडा होता है एवं त्‍वचा छिलके वाली, और इनके बच्‍चों का जन्‍म अंडों से होता है)]
• Biped: any creature with two feet. (दो पैरों वाला कोई भी प्राणी; द्विपाद)
• Mammal: an animal of the type that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds its young on milk from its own body. [स्‍तनपायी प्राणी (जो, अंडे नहीं, जीवित बच्‍चे पैदा करते हैं और उन्‍हें अपना दूध पिलाते हैं)]

The correct answer is 'He was not fed by anybody when he was starving.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Active Voice. As per the given question, we have to change it into Passive Voice.
• The structure of the given sentence is as follows:
• Subject + V₂+ Object. (Active Voice)
• Subject (objective case)+ was/were + V3 + Object (subjective case). (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• Their cousin showed them some rare photographs. (Active Voice)
• They were shown some rare photographs by their cousin. (Passive Voice)
• The subject of the given sentence is 'Anybody (hidden)'.​​
• The object of the given sentence is 'him'.
• The subject will be put in place of the object and the object will be put in place of the subject.
• And 'fed' will be changed into 'was fed'. 
  

​

Correct Sentence: He was not fed by anybody when he was starving.

The erroneous part is 'I get myself tired'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'I get tired' should be used instead of 'I get myself tired'.
• The use of the reflexive pronoun ‘myself’ is irrelevant according to the grammatical context of the sentence so it will be removed.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct Answer: I find that I get tired very easily these days.

The correct answer is 'Indolent'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Industrious' is 'Indolent'.
• Industrious: always working hard. (कठोर परिश्रमी, अध्‍यवसायी, उद्यमी)
• Example: He said she was very industrious and happy.
• Indolent: not wanting to work; lazy. (काम न करनेवाला; आलसी; निष्क्रिय)
• Example: indolent students/managers...
  

Correct Answer: Indolent.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• President: the leader of a republic. (राष्‍ट्र का अध्यक्ष, राष्‍ट्रपति)
• Zealous: using great energy and enthusiasm. (ऊर्जावान या ऊर्जापूर्ण उत्‍साही, उत्‍साहपूर्ण)
• Diligent: showing care and effort in your work or duties. (परिश्रमी, सावधान और कर्मठ)

The erroneous part is 'point at'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'point to' should be used instead of 'point at'.
• The preposition 'to' is used to show a person or thing that receives something.
• Example: I am grateful to my parents.
• Similarly, in this context, the receiver of the action is the 'opponent'.
• The use of 'at' is grammatically incorrect.
• The preposition ‘at’ must be replaced with ‘to’.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.
  

Correct Sentence: He conceded a very crucial point to his opponent.

The correct answer is 'Left the party'.

Key Points

• The underlined part in the given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'Left the party' should be used instead of 'Leave the party'.
• The given sentence is in the simple past tense so the verb must be used in its simple past form(left) and not in the present form(leave).
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.
  

Correct Sentence: As it was getting late Lata left the party midway.

The correct answer is 'The centre of attraction'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'In the limelight' is 'The centre of attraction'.
• In the limelight: the focus of public attention. (जनता का ध्यान)
• Example: The shock win has thrust him into the limelight.
  

Correct Answer: The centre of attraction.

The correct answer is 'Clarify'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'Astound' is 'Clarify'.
• Astound: to surprise somebody very much. (भौंचक्‍का या आश्‍चर्यचकित कर देना)
• Example: We were astounded by how well he performed.
• Clarify: to make something become clear and easier to understand. (किसी प्रसंग को स्‍पष्‍ट और सुबोध बनाना; स्‍पष्‍टीकरण करना)
• Example: I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.
  

Correct Answer: Clarify.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Confuse: to make somebody unable to think clearly or to know what to do. (उलझन में डाल देना; गड़बड़ा या चकरा देना; सोच-विचार में दुविधा पैदा करना)
• Stun: to make a person or animal unconscious or confused, especially by hitting him/her/it on the head. (किसी व्‍यक्ति या पशु को बेहोश कर देना या चकरा देना (विशेषतः उसके सिर पर मारकर); अचेत कर देना)
• Shock: the feeling that you get when something unpleasant happens suddenly; the situation that causes this feeling. (एकाएक अप्रिय घटना घट जाने से उत्‍पन्‍न मनःस्थिति, झटका, आघात, सदमा, धक्‍का; इस मनःस्थिति को उत्‍पन्‍न करने वाली परिस्थिति)