NDA General Ability Test 10 Sept 2017 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is "concluded"

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the word in the question:
• **Wound up-**Refers to something that is brought to an end
• Look at the meaning of the select option:
• Concluded: Refers to something that is brought to an end
• Look at the example:
• The seminar was concluded on a very light note.
• Thus, it is clear that 'wound up' and 'concluded' are similar words.
• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Postponed: Refers to the act of delaying something from its set time
• Cut short: Refers to something that is brought to an abrupt end
• Interrupted: Refers to someone being stopped from doing something in between

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "aware of"

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word in the question:
• Alive to: Refers to someone being aware of something
• Let's look at the meaning of the selected word:
• Aware of: Refers to someone who is familiar with something
• Look at the following example:
• The cub scouts were aware of the dangers of hiking*.*
• Thus, it is clear that 'alive to ' and 'aware is' are similar terms.
• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Concerned about: Refers to someone who is worried about something
• Worried about: Refers to someone who cares for and is anxious about something
• Indifferent about: Refers to someone who does not care about anything

Hence, the correct answer: aware of

The correct answer is 'frighten'.

Key Points

• The word 'Intimidate' means to frighten or threaten somebody. (किसी को डराना या धमकाना)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Inform' means to give somebody information about something. (किसी को किसी के विषय में सूचना देना)
• 'Reward' means to give something to somebody in recognition of service, effort, or achievement. (किसी को अच्‍छा काम करने, परिश्रम करने आदि के लिए पुरस्‍कार देना)
• 'Frighten' means to make someone afraid or shocked. (किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को भयभीत कर देना या सदमा पहुँचाना)
• 'Persuade' means to make somebody do something by giving good reasons. (समझा-बुझाकर किसी को काम के लिए राज़ी करना, मनाना)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Intimidate' are "frighten, horrify, scare".
• The antonyms of the word 'Intimidate' are "persuade, encourage, cheer".
• Example of 'Frighten' in a sentence:
• He tried to frighten me by showing me a knife.

The correct answer is 'severe'.

Key Points

• The word 'Drastic' means extreme, and having a sudden very strong effect. (अत्‍यधिक और भरपूर असरदार, उग्र, प्रचंड)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Simple' means not difficult or complicated. (कठिन या जटिल नहीं, सरल)
• 'Dramatic' means noticeable or sudden and often surprising. (ध्यान देने योग्य या अचानक और अक्सर आश्चर्यजनक)
• 'Realistic' means representing things in a way that is accurate and true to life. (चीजों का इस तरह से प्रतिनिधित्व करना जो जीवन के लिए सटीक और सत्य हो)
• 'Severe' means extremely bad or serious. (बहुत कठिन, कष्‍टप्रद या गंभीर)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Drastic' are "severe, radical, serious".
• The antonyms of the word 'Drastic' are "calm, easy, mild".
• Example of 'Severe' in a sentence:
• He developed a severe migraine headache.

The correct answer is 'careful'.

Key Points

• The word 'Meticulous' means giving or showing great attention to detail; very careful. (बहुत सतर्क, अति सावधान)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Simple' means easy to understand; not difficult or complicated. (समझने में आसान; सरल)
• 'Careful' means giving a lot of attention to details to be sure something is right. (ध्यानपूर्ण, सावधानी से किया गया)
• 'Fair' means appropriate and acceptable in a particular situation. (उचित, सही)
• 'Reasonable' means fair, practical, and sensible. (उचित व्‍यवहार और विवेकपूर्ण)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Meticulous' are "careful, cautious, attentive".
• The antonyms of the word 'Meticulous' are "careless, inattentive, incautious".
• Example of 'Careful' in a sentence:
• Health problems can be significantly reduced by careful diet.

The correct answer is 'infinitesimal'.

Key Points

• The word 'Minute' means very small. (अति सूक्ष्‍म, अत्यंत छोटा)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Quick' means doing something at speed or in a short time. (तेज़ी से या तुरंत कुछ करते हुए)
• 'Infinitesimal' means extremely small. (अत्यंत छोटा)
• 'Superficial' means not caring about serious or important things. (गंभीर या महत्वपूर्ण बातों की परवाह न करना)
• 'Prolonged' means continuing for a long time. (लंबी अवधि तक रहने वाला)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Minute' are "brief, compact, short".
• The antonyms of the word 'Minute' are "large​, huge, enormous".
• Example of 'Infinitesimal' in a sentence:
• Even an infinitesimal change in temperature will be recorded by the equipment.

The correct answer is 'cancel'.

Key Points

• The word 'Repeal' means to officially make law no longer valid. (किसी क़ानून को औपचारिक रूप से रद्द करना)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Suppress' means to stop something by using force. (बल के प्रयोग से किसी को शांत कर देना)
• 'Amend' means to change something slightly in order to make it better. (बेहतर बनाने के लिए ज़रा-सा सुधारना)
• 'Cancel' means to stop something that you asked for or agreed to. (पूर्व कृत आरक्षण, आदेश आदि को रद्द करना)
• 'Withhold' means to refuse to give something to somebody. (देने से इनकार कर देना)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Repeal' are "cancel, abandon, abort".
• The antonyms of the word 'Repeal' are "continue, keep, start".
• Example of 'Cancel' in a sentence:
• His secretary was instructed to cancel all his engagements.
  

The correct answer is 'first'.

Key Points

• The word 'Maiden' means being or involving the first attempt or act of its kind. (अपनी तरह का पहला प्रयास या कार्य होना या शामिल होना)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'First' means for the first time. (पहली बार)
• 'Last' means at the end; after all the others. (अंतिम; सबके बाद, अंत में)
• 'Girlish' means looking, sounding, or behaving like a girl. (लड़की जैसा दीखने, लगने या आचरणवाला)
• 'Shy' means nervous and uncomfortable about meeting and speaking to people. (संकोची, शरमीला)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Maiden' are "first, inaugural, earliest".
• The antonyms of the word 'Maiden' are "final, last, late".
• Example of 'First' in a sentence:
• He played his first match at Chelsea in front of the TV cameras.

The correct answer is 'tired'.

Key Points

• The word 'Exhausted' means very tired. (बहुत थका हुआ; चकनाचूर)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Weakened' means to become weaker in power or physical strength. (कमज़ोर हो जाना)
• 'Honoured' means regarded with great respect. (किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के प्रति विशेष सम्‍मान प्रदर्शित करना)
• 'Satisfied' means pleased because you have had or done what you wanted. (अभीष्‍ट काम को संपन्‍न करने या वस्‍तु को प्राप्‍त करने पर प्रसन्‍न; संतुष्‍ट)
• 'Tired' means feeling that you need to rest or sleep. (थका हुआ)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Exhausted' are "tired, drained, fatigued".
• The antonyms of the word 'Exhausted' are "relaxed, active, energetic".
• Example of 'Tired' in a sentence:
• My legs were tired after so much walking.

The correct answer is 'fake'.

Key Points

• The word 'Counterfeit' means not genuine, but copied so that it looks like the real thing. (जाली, नक़ली, प्रतिलिपि के रूप में)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Rare' means not done, seen, happening, etc. very often. (बहुत कम किया जाने, दिखने या होने वाला)
• 'Fake' means a thing that is not genuine. (जाली, नक़ली)
• 'Unmatured' means not yet fully grown or developed. (अभी तक पूरी तरह विकसित या परिपक्व नहीं होना)
• 'Inferior' means low or lower in social position, importance, quality, etc. (घटिया, निकृष्‍ट)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Counterfeit' are "fake, false, inauthentic".
• The antonyms of the word 'Counterfeit' are "authentic, genuine, real".
• Example of 'Fake' in a sentence:
• He was charged with possessing a fake passport.

The correct answer is 'energetic'.

Key Points

• The word 'Run-down' means very tired and not healthy. (बहुत थका हुआ और बीमार-सा)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Morbid' means showing interest in unpleasant things. (अप्रिय वस्‍तुओं में रुचि रखने वाला)
• 'Energetic' means full of or needing energy and enthusiasm. (शक्ति व उमंग संपन्‍न, ऊर्जायुक्त, कर्मठ)
• 'Exhausted' means very tired. (बहुत थका हुआ; चकनाचूर)
• 'Emotional' means causing strong feelings. (भावुक)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Run-down' are "energetic, healthy, strong".
• The synonyms of the word 'Run-down' are "exhausted, weak, sick".
• Example of 'Energetic' in a sentence:
• He is an energetic boy; he enjoys sports.

The correct answer is 'sobriety'.

Key Points

• The word 'Violence' means behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something. (किसी को या किसी चीज़ को चोट पहुँचाने, क्षति पहुँचाने या मारने के इरादे से शारीरिक बल से जुड़ा व्यवहार)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Reason' means a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event. (किसी क्रिया या घटना का कारण, स्पष्टीकरण या औचित्य)
• 'Instigation' means the action or process of instigating an action or event. (किसी घटना को भड़काने की क्रिया या प्रक्रिया)
• 'Restraint' means a limit or control on something. (किसी पर प्रतिबंध या नियंत्रण)
• 'Sobriety' means the quality of being serious and sensible. (गंभीर एवं समझदार)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Violence' are "sobriety, nonviolence, pacificism".
• The synonyms of the word 'Violence' are "rage, riot, rampage".
• Example of 'Sobriety' in a sentence:
• She was a model of sobriety and honesty.

The correct answer is 'niggardly.'

Key Points

• The given word 'generous' means happy to give more money, help, etc. than is usual or expected. (असामान्‍य या अप्रत्‍याशित रूप से धन, सहायता आदि देने में प्रसन्‍नता अनुभव करने वाला)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Niggardly' means ungenerous with money, time, etc.; mean. (पैसे, समय, आदि के साथ अनैतिक; लालची)
• 'Selfish' means thinking only about your own needs or wishes and not about other people’s. (स्‍वार्थी, ख़ुदग़रज़)
• 'Spendthrift' means a person who spends a lot of money carelessly or wastes money. (लापरवाही से पैसे ख़र्च करनेवाला; फ़िज़ूलख़र्च)
• 'Indecent' means not appropriate or fitting. (अशोभनीय, अश्‍लील)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'generous' are "niggardly, selfish, cheap".
• The synonyms of the word 'generous' are "extravagant, lavish, kind".
• Example of 'generous​' in a sentence:
• They made a generous donation to charity.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Industrious

Let's look at the meaning of the given options-

Idle: Refers to someone who is inactive or has nothing to do

Industrious: Refers to someone who is very hard working

Thus, it is clear that 'Idle' and 'Industrious' express the opposite meaning

Let's look at the meaning of other words:

• Employed: Refers to someone who has a job
• Indolent: wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy
• Happy: Refers to someone who feels joy

Thus, the correct answer is option 3

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. correct.

Unjust: Refers to something that is unfair or biased

Correct: Refers to something that is fair and impartial

For e.g. The decision to punish the culprits with jail time was correct.

Thus, it is clear that 'unjust' and 'correct' are opposite words.

Let's look at the meaning of other words:

• Serious: Refers to something that is characterized by careful consideration
• Lenient: Refers to someone who is more merciful than expected
• Imbecile: Refers to someone who is stupid

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is ''disgust"

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word:
• Delight**:** refers to something that greatly pleases someone or causes great pleasure
• Let's look at the meaning of the selected word:
• Disgust: refers to something that causes strong disapproval or revulsion in someone
• Look at the example:
• The condition of the poor in India disgusts most tourists.
• Thus, it is clear that 'delight' and 'disgust' are opposite words.
• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Revolt: Refers to taking violent action against something
• Dissatisfaction: Refers to a lack of satisfaction
• Enjoyment: Refers to the act of taking pleasure in something

Hence, the correct answer is disgust

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. indifferent.

Concerned: Refers to someone who cares and is worried about something

Indifferent: Refers to someone who does not care and is not affected by something

For e.g. The children were quite indifferent to the bugs in the tent.

Thus, it is clear that 'concerned' and 'indifferent' are opposite words.

Let's look at the meaning of other words:

• Unrelated: Refers to things that are not linked to each other
• Dispassionate: Refers to someone who is not influenced by strong emotion
• Carefree: Refers to someone who is free from responsibility

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'diffident'.

Key Points

• The word 'Confident' means feeling or showing certainty about something. (आत्‍मविश्‍वासी; स्‍वयं की योग्‍यताओं, विचारों पर विश्‍वस्‍त)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Imprudent' means not showing care for the consequences of an action. (किसी कार्रवाई के परिणामों की परवाह नहीं करना)
• 'Impatient' means having or showing a tendency to be quickly irritated or provoked. (जल्दी चिढ़ने या उत्तेजित होने की प्रवृत्ति होना या दिखाना)
• 'Diffident' means not having confidence in your own strengths or abilities. (अपनी शक्ति या योग्‍यता में विश्‍वास न रखने वाला; आत्‍मविश्‍वासहीन)
• 'Reluctant' means unwilling and hesitant. (अनिच्छुक और हिचकिचाहट)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Confident' are "diffident, insecure, self-doubting".
• The synonyms of the word 'Confident' are "assured, secure, hopeful".
• Example of 'Diffident' in a sentence:
• He is diffident about expressing his opinions in the public.

The correct answer is 'called off'.

Key Points

• The word 'Carried on' means continued activity or task. (निरंतर गतिविधि या कार्य)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Delayed' means to make somebody or something slow or late. (किसी को देर करवा देना)
• 'Reconsidered' means to think again about something. (पुनःविचार करना)
• 'Broke up' means to end or finish. (समाप्‍त होना)
• 'Called off' means to cancel an event or agreement. (किसी घटना या समझौते को रद्द करना)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Carried on' are "called off, gave up, quit".
• The synonyms of the word 'Carried on' are "persevered, persisted, kept up".
• Example of 'Called off' in a sentence:
• The search was called off for the sailors who disappeared in the storm.

The correct answer is 'foreign'.

Key Points

• The word 'Indigenous' means belonging to a particular place by birth or origin; native. (स्‍वदेशी, स्‍थानीय)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Indian' means a person from the Republic of India. (भारत का व्‍यक्ति; भारतीय)
• 'Foreign' means belonging to or connected with a country that is not your own. (स्‍वदेश से भिन्‍न देश का या उससे संबंधित; विदेशी)
• 'Unnatural' means different from what is normal or expected. (अस्‍वाभाविक या अप्रत्‍याशित)
• 'Genuine' means real; true. (वास्‍तविक; असली)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Indigenous' are "foreign, immigrant, alien".
• The synonyms of the word 'Indigenous' are "local, regional, native".
• Example of 'Foreign' in a sentence:
• Spain was the first foreign country she had visited.

The correct answer is "barely".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words.
• Hardly: scarcely or almost not.
• Barely: by the smallest amount or just.
• Merely: used to emphasize that you mean exactly what you are saying and nothing more.
• Rarely: on very few occasions; almost never.
• As per the meaning of the given words, "barely" is the appropriate word choice for the blank.
• The meaning of the given sentence is that the speaker had just taken off his clothes.
• So the adverb "barely" fits the given blank.
• As per the meaning of the given adverbs hardly, merely, and rarely don't go with the sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

 Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "off".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given phrasal verbs.
• Take off: remove clothing from one's or another's body.
• Take away: a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting.
• Take out: relieve frustration or anger by attacking or mistreating a person or thing not responsible for such feelings.
• Take on: be willing or ready to meet an adversary or opponent.
• ​As per the meaning of the given words, the phrasal verb "take off" is the appropriate word choice for the blank.
• The meaning of the given sentence is that the speaker had just removed his clothes. So we need to use the preposition "off" in the blank with the verb "take" to make the phrasal verb "take off".

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. near.

Key Points

• The statement mentions the verb 'standing' and one cannot be standing 'by'.
• According to the next sentence - a newborn baby, one cannot stand 'with' a newborn baby.
• As a newborn baby can not stand by itself - and one cannot stand 'at' a newborn baby - one can stand at a location, not a person.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. jumping.

Key Points

• The idiom goes 'to jump with joy', which means to have so much happiness that it is uncontrollable.
• One cannot 'burst' - this is usually associated with a negative feeling.
• Or 'sing' - one sings for joy, not with joy.
• Or 'dance'  - one dances for joy, not with joy.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. could not have.

Key Points

• The sentence is in the present tense as the entire passage is in the present tense.
• Thus, 'would not have' is not an option since it is in the past tense.
• 'Should not have' represents a condition that is not applicable to the sentence.
• 'Ought not have' is not grammatically correct and thus cannot be the answer.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. felt.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to 'joy', joy is a feeling that cannot be 'experimented', it cannot be 'heard'.
• Thus, these two options are not applicable.
• While 'joy' can be 'shown', the sentence refers to the 'feeling' of joy.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. on.

Key Points

• One cannot get joy 'at' something.
• One cannot get 'in' joy and one cannot get 'into' joy.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is "glow".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words.
• ​light: the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible.
• glow: (of a person's face) appear pink or red as a result of warmth, health, embarrassment, etc.
• sense: a keen intuitive awareness of or sensitivity to the presence or importance of something.
• hope: a feeling of expectation and desire for a particular thing to happen.
• As per the meaning of the given words, "glow" is the appropriate word choice for the blank.
• The meaning of the given sentence is that the person's face had a warm and healthy look as that of a starving man who had a full meal.
• The noun "glow" is suitable to describe the warm and healthy look on the person's face.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. appears.

Key Points

• The 'glow' on a person's face cannot 'come' - it is not in a separate location where it can come from.
• It cannot 'rise' - a glow is not at a prefixed position where it can rise from - and it cannot 'show' - it 'appears' and thus the correct answer is 'appears'.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is "starving".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words:
• starve: suffer or die or cause to suffer or die from hunger.
• starving: suffering or dying from hunger.
• hunger: a feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by a lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat.
• satisfaction: fulfillment of one's wishes, expectations, needs, or the pleasure derived from this.
• ​As per the meaning of the given words, "starving" is the appropriate word choice for the blank.
• The meaning of the sentence is that the person's face had a glow which resembles someone who has experienced hunger for some time and then eats a full meal.
• The adjective "starving" is appropriate to describe the face of a person who has experienced hunger.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2. 

The complete passage is: After this incident I went to Nainital, and returned after nearly a month. I had (1)barely taken (2)off my clothes when I saw Gangu standing (3).near a new baby. He was (4). jumping with joy. Even Nanda (5). could not have (6).felt such joy (7).on getting Krishna. His face had the same (8)glow that (9).appears on the face of a (10)starving man after a full meal.

The correct answer is "PRQS".

Key Points

• Let's look at the correct sequence of the sentence.
• The passage begins with an introduction to the topic at hand - the human spirit.
• Statement P is the first part of the sentence after the opening sentence which talks about how the human spirit has slowly and painfully surmounted.
• Statement R is the second part of the sentence which continues the previous statement and states "all the obstacles that have come his way".
• Statement Q is the third part of the sentence which talks about how the growing intelligence of man has faced all kinds of dangers.
• Statement S is the last part of the sentence that talks about the result of all that happened in the passage above - man's intelligence has now faced all kinds of danger.

The complete sentence is: The spirit of man has slowly and painfully surmounted all the obstacles that have come in his way and his growing intelligence has faced all kinds of dangers

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. RPQS.

Key Points

• The passage begins with an introduction to the topic - the boys of a school winning a well-contested hockey match.
• This is followed by what comes after the win in statement R - the schoolboys came to school in very high spirits, in order to - according to statement P - communicate the news of their win to their headmaster, who according to statement Q, is a keen sportsman.
• Then comes the final statement - S - which talks about how the headmaster takes a keen interest in school games.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct sentence is: They came to school in high spirits so that they might communicate the news of their victory to the headmaster who is a keen sportsman and takes a very lively interest in school games.

The correct answer is "SRPQ".

Key Points

• Let's look at the correct sequence of the sentence:
• The passage begins with a statement that introduces the topic at hand - the game of cricket.
• Sentence S is the first part of the sentence after the opening sentence which talks about how a leisurely game like cricket can cause much ill will. The given sentence is a general opinion about the game. Opening sentences begin with a general opinion about a topic.
• Sentence R is the second part of the sentence which talks about a specific example - the controversy over body-line bowling.
• Sentence Q  is the third part of the sentence which talks about the specific incident of the rough tactics of the Australian team that visited England in 1921
• Sentence P is the final part of the sentence as it draws the conclusion from the two previous instances that the game of cricket demands grace rather than strength. We can also see a progression of thought from general to specific to a conclusion.

The correct sentence is: Even a leisurely game like cricket can cause much ill will as we saw in the controversy over body-line bowling and over the rough tactics of the Australian team that visited England in 1921 demanding grace rather than strength.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "QRPS".

Key Points

• Let's look at the correct sequence of the sentence.
• The passage begins with an introduction to the passage - something that scientists found out.
• Sentence Q is the first part of the sentence after the opening sentence which talks about what has been found - the aftermath.
• Sentence R is the second part of the sentence as it talks about the aftermath has reached its peak.
• Sentence P is the third part of the sentence where it is made clear that we are discussing the sunspot activity.
• Statement S  is the final statement that refers to the sunspot activity having reached its eleven-year cycle.

The correct sentence is: Scientists point out that it is an aftermath that has now reached its peak of sunspot activity of the eleven-year cycle.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "S P R Q"

Key Points

• Let's look at the correct sequence of the sentence.
• The passage begins with an introduction to the topic at hand, a ship that is streaming from San Diego.
• Sentence S is the first part of the sentence after the opening sentence which talks about those who are on board the ship and have had a powerful demonstration of the power of the ocean movements.
• Sentence P is the second part of the sentence after the opening sentence describes the ocean movements in detail - walls of gray water from a storm in the North Pacific. This sentence is a cause of the ocean movement..
• Sentence R is the third part of the sentence which talks about how the ocean movements of walls of gray water from a storm in the North Pacific rocked and tossed the ship The given sentence shows the effect of the previous sentence. As walls of gray water from a distant storm in the North Pacific rock and toss the ship.
• Sentence Q  is the final sentence that talks about the consequences of the rocking of the ship that made the people aboard become seasick.

The complete sentence is: As the ship streams from San Diego S. those of us aboard have a personal demonstration of powerful ocean movement P. as walls of gray water from a distant storm in the North Pacific R. rock and toss the ship Q. making the greener among us miserable with seasickness.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. c.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to an 'electric circuit' which is traversed by an 'electric current'.
• A noun needs to have an article before it.
• Thus, the article 'an' needs to be added before 'electric current' in the sentence as 'electric' starts with a vowel sound.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3. 

The correct sentence is: An electrical circuit is the complete path traversed by an electric current.

Additional Information

• A or an is called the Indefinite article.
• Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, an is used.
• Before a word beginning with a consonant sound, a is used.
• The is called the Definite article.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. d.

Key Points

• There are no errors in the sentence.
• 'Waved' verb in part (a) shows that the sentence is in past tense. i.e. the action has already occurred.
• Part (b) and (c) also has the verb in V3 format. i.e. 'boarded' and 'disappeared' respectively.
• The usage of article 'a' in part (a) and proposition 'into' in part (c) is also correct.
• The sentence is grammatically correct.
• Thus correct answer is option 4.

The correct sentence is: He waved us a bye-bye as he boarded the train which disappeared into the tunnel

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. a.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to a 'great deal'.
• Since the great deal is a noun, there needs to be an article before it.
• Also, as there is no vowel sound, the article cannot be 'an'.
• Since this 'great deal' is not the only 'great deal' in the world, the article can't be 'the'.
• Thus, the correct answer is that an article 'a' needs to be added before 'great deal'.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1. 

The correct sentence becomes: There was a great deal that had to be scrapped, that must be scrapped but surely India could not have been what she undoubtedly was and could not have continued a cultured existence for thousands of years.

Additional Information

• A or an is called the Indefinite article.
• Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, an is used.
• Before a word beginning with a consonant sound, a is used.
• The is called the Definite article.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. b.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to a singular entity, the attention that is given to the over aspect of using space and thus, the verbs in the sentence need to follow this pattern.
• Hence, the verb 'give' needs to be replaced with 'gives'.

Thus, the correct sentence is: With regard to interior decoration, it is the attention given to the less overt aspect of using space that gives it life, an identity, a quality that makes it exciting and unusual.

Additional Information

• In subject-verb agreement, singular nouns follow singular verb.
• Plural noun takes plural verb.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. d.

Key Points

• There is no error in the given sentence.
• The subject here is 'a small parcel of something' which is singular in nature. So, the use of 'is' is correct.
• Thus since the given sentence is grammatically correct and error free, option 4 is correct

The correct answer is 'No error'.

The correct sentence is:  A small parcel of novels is better than none.

The correct answer is 'were'

Key Points

• The phrase "as if" is used to introduce a comparison or a hypothetical situation. It suggests that something is not actually true or real but is being portrayed or imagined in a certain way.
• In the given sentence, "He looks as if he ______ weary," the phrase "as if" indicates that the speaker is describing a hypothetical or imagined state of being weary. The verb that follows "as if" should be in the subjunctive mood, which is typically formed using the base form of the verb.
• In English, the subjunctive mood is often indicated by using the past tense form of the verb, even when referring to the present or future. This usage is especially common after certain conjunctions like "as if," "as though," "if," and "wish."
• For example:
• "He looks as if he were weary."
• "It seems as though she were upset."
• "If I were you, I would apologize."
• "I wish I were taller."
• In these sentences, the verb "were" is used instead of "was" because the subjunctive mood is employed. The subjunctive mood expresses something contrary to fact, hypothetical, or unreal.
• Therefore, in the sentence "He looks as if he ______ weary," the correct choice for the blank space would be "were."

The correct answer is 'against'.

Key Points

• To be insured against something means one has got security against something - an event or a calamity.
• It means to do something in order to prevent something unpleasant from happening or from affecting you.
• Example: The house is insured for two million dollars.
• Thus, one cannot be insured 'in' something, one cannot be insured 'towards something' or one cannot be insured 'for' something.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in the given blank is 'against', because it indicates that the house has got security and is protected from theft and fire.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete sentence: My house is insured against theft and fire.

Additional Information

• Let's explore the other given options: 
• 'For' means intended to be given to.
• 'In' means inside a container, place, or area, or surrounded or closed off by something.
• 'Towards' means in the direction of, or closer to someone or something.

Hinglish

• किसी चीज के against insure होने का मतलब है कि किसी चीज के खिलाफ सुरक्षा मिल गई है - एक घटना या आपदा।
• इसका अर्थ है कुछ ऐसा करना जिससे किसी अप्रिय घटना को होने या आपको प्रभावित करने से रोका जा सके।
• उदाहरण: The house is insured for two million dollars.
• इसलिए, दिए गए रिक्त स्थान में भरने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प 'against' है, क्योंकि यह इंगित करता है कि घर को सुरक्षा मिल गई है और यह चोरी और आग से सुरक्षित है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• आइए अन्य दिए गए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• 'For' का अर्थ है देने का इरादा।
• 'In' का अर्थ है किसी कंटेनर, स्थान या क्षेत्र के अंदर, या किसी चीज से घिरा या बंद।
• 'Towards' का अर्थ है किसी या किसी चीज़ की दिशा में, या उसके करीब।

पुरा वाक्य: My house is insured against theft and fire.

The correct answer is 'disappointing'.

Key Points

• The sentence describes the result of something. So, the blank needs an adjective.
• We use the -ing and -ed forms of regular and irregular verbs as adjectives.
• Example: My brother is five and he’s so annoying.
• Example: Not everyone likes smoked salmon.
• Adjectives with -ing and -ed endings have different meanings.
• -ing adjectives describe the effect.
• Example: The meeting was very boring.
• -ed adjectives describe how a person feels.
• Example: I felt bored at the meeting.
• Therefore, from the above explanation, it is clear that 'disappointing is the most appropriate option to be filled in the given blank.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete sentence: The result of the prolonged discussion was disappointing.

Additional Information

• Some adjectives are made from nouns and verbs by adding suffixes.
• Example: noun-adjective: hero-heroic, wind-windy, child-childish.
• Example: verb-adjective: read-readable, talk-talkative, use-useful.

Hinglish

• वाक्य किसी चीज के परिणाम का वर्णन करता है। तो, रिक्त स्थान को adjective की आवश्यकता होती है।
• हम adjective के रूप में regular और irregular verbs के -ing और -ed रूपों का उपयोग करते हैं।
• उदाहरण: My brother is five and he’s so annoying.
• उदाहरण: Not everyone likes smoked salmon.
• -ing और -ed अंत वाले adjectives के अलग-अलग अर्थ होते हैं।
• -ing adjectives प्रभाव का वर्णन करते हैं।
• उदाहरण: The meeting was very boring.
• -ed विशेषण बताते हैं कि कोई व्यक्ति कैसा महसूस करता है।
• उदाहरण:  I felt bored at the meeting.
• अतः उपरोक्त व्याख्या से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि 'disappointing' ही रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• कुछ विशेषण noun और verb से suffix जोड़कर बनते हैं।
• उदाहरण: noun-adjective: hero-heroic, wind-windy, child-childish.
• उदाहरण: verb-adjective: read-readable, talk-talkative, use-useful.

पुरा वाक्य: The result of the prolonged discussion was disappointing.

The correct answer is 'to have been born'.

Key Points

• The person being referred to in the sentence is still alive.
• You need to use the passive with born (to be born).
• Example: He had already been born when I reached the Hospital.
• The past participle born is one of the two different past participles from the word 'to bear'.
• However, when referring to birth, born is used and can only be used in the passive form. Therefore you can only find it in combination with the verb 'have' as an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses.
• Example: He has been born. ​
• One is not lucky 'for' or 'by' something.
• Thus, option 1 and option 3 are incorrect.
• Option 4 cannot be the answer as, 'to have born' is not a grammatically correct phrase.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete sentence: You are lucky to have been born in the 20^th century.

Additional Information

Hinglish

• जिस व्यक्ति को वाक्य में संदर्भित किया जा रहा है वह अभी भी जीवित है।
• आपको born के साथ passive (to be born) का उपयोग करने की आवश्यकता है।
• उदाहरण: He had already been born when I reached the Hospital.
• Past participle का born 'to bear' शब्द से दो अलग-अलग past participle में से एक है।
• हालांकि, जन्म का जिक्र करते समय, born का उपयोग किया जाता है और इसका उपयोग केवल passive form में किया जा सकता है। इसलिए आप इसे केवल पूर्ण काल में auxiliary verb के रूप में 'have' verb के संयोजन में पा सकते हैं।
• उदाहरण: He has been born.
• कोई किसी चीज़ के लिए 'for' या 'by' भाग्यशाली नहीं है।
• इस प्रकार, विकल्प 1 और विकल्प 3 गलत हैं।
• विकल्प 4 इसका उत्तर नहीं हो सकता क्योंकि 'to have born' व्याकरण की दृष्टि से सही वाक्यांश नहीं है।
• अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।
• | Tense | Simple tense | Continuous tense | Perfect tense | Perfect continuous | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Present | v1+s/es | is/am/are+v1+ing | has/have+v3 | has/have been+v1+ing | | Past | v2 | was/were+v1+ing | had+v3 | had been+v1+ing | | Future | will/shall+v1 | will be+v1+ing | will have+v3 | will+have been+v1+ing |

पुरा वाक्य: You are lucky to have been born in the 20th century.

The correct answer is 'her words'.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to 'Sita', who is a female.
• Thus, the answer should refer to this.
• There needs to be a possessive pronoun to show what Sita is true to 'something'.
• Sita cannot just be true to any 'words', they have to mean something to her, something she has said.
• Option1 is incorrect because the possessive pronoun 'her' is missing.
• Option 3 is incorrect as there is no possessive pronoun.
• Option 4 is incorrect because the possessive pronoun 'her' is missing.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to be filled in the given blank is 'her words'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Complete sentence: Sita is true to her words.

Additional Information

• Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone.
• The possessive pronouns are my, our, your, his, her, its, and their.

Hinglish​

• वाक्य 'Sita' को संदर्भित करता है, जो एक महिला है।
• इस प्रकार, उत्तर को इसका उल्लेख करना चाहिए।
• एक अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम (possessive pronoun) 'her' का उपयोग यह दिखाने के लिए किया जाना चाहिए कि सीता किसके शब्दों के साथ सच्ची है।
• Sita किसी भी 'word' के प्रति सच्ची नहीं हो सकतीं, उन्हें उनके लिए कुछ मतलब होना चाहिए, जो उन्होंने कहा है।
• विकल्प 1 गलत है क्योंकि अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम (possessive pronoun) 'her' गायब है।
• विकल्प 3 गलत है क्योंकि अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम (possessive pronoun) 'her' गायब है।
• विकल्प 4 गलत है क्योंकि अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम (possessive pronoun) 'her' गायब है।
• अतः दिए गए रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प 'her words' हैं।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• Possessive pronoun बताते हैं कि कुछ किसी का है।
• Possessive pronoun my, our, yours, his, her, और their हैं।

पूर्ण वाक्य: Sita is true to her words.

The correct answer is Have passed.

Key Points:- 

• The sentence is in the present perfect tense.
• The present perfect tense is used to express those actions which have finished recently.
• Structure - Subject + has/have + V₃ + Object.
• Thus, the phrase in the blank also has to follow the same pattern.
• Hence, option 2 'had passed' and option 3 'had been passing' cannot be the answers because they exhibit past perfect and past perfect continuous tense respectively.
• The verb 'saw' means that the act is complete.
• Thus, the verb 'been' cannot be used in the continuous tense.
• Therefore, option 1 is the correct answer.

Complete sentence: Years have passed since I saw her last.

Additional Information

Hinglish

• वाक्य Present perfect tense में है।
• Presnt perfect tense का उपयोग उन क्रियाओं को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है जो हाल ही में समाप्त हुई हैं।
• संर​चना - Subject + has/have + V3 + Object.
• इस प्रकार, रिक्त स्थान के वाक्यांश को भी उसी पैटर्न का पालन करना है।
• इसलिए, विकल्प 2 'had passed' और विकल्प 3 'had been passing' उत्तर नहीं हो सकते क्योंकि वे क्रमशः past perfect और past perfect continuous tense को प्रदर्शित करते हैं।
• क्रिया 'saw' का अर्थ है कि कार्य पूरा हो गया है।
• इस प्रकार, क्रिया 'been' का प्रयोग सतत काल में नहीं किया जा सकता है।​
• | Tense | Simple tense | Continuous tense | Perfect tense | Perfect continuous | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Present | v1+s/es | is/am/are+v1+ing | has/have+v3 | has/have been+v1+ing | | Past | v2 | was/were+v1+ing | had+v3 | had been+v1+ing | | Future | will/shall+v1 | will be+v1+ing | will have+v3 | will+have been+v1+ing |

अतः सही वाक्य है - Years have passed since I saw her last.

The correct answer is 'going'.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to something that is happening.
• 'Going on' means to proceed or persist.
• Example: Well, the party must go on, whether we have caterers or not!
• The use of the preposition 'on' cannot be used with the verbs 'happening' and 'being' as it will be grammatically incorrect.
• Therefore option 1 and 2 is incorrect.
• One can 'get' on, but it refers to the act of 'performing'.
• Thus, it does not fit with the context of the sentence.
• Hence, option 3 is incorrect.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete sentence: When he heard the terrible noise he asked me what was going on.

Additional Information

• 'Get off' means to leave a place, usually in order to start a journey.
• Example: If we can get off by seven o'clock, the roads will be clearer.
• 'Get over' means to accept an unpleasant fact or situation after dealing with it for a while.
• Example: They’re upset that you didn’t call, but they’ll get over it.

Hinglish

• वाक्य किसी ऐसी चीज को संदर्भित करता है जो हो रही है।
• 'Going on' का अर्थ है आगे बढ़ना या बने रहना।
• उदाहरण: Well, the party must go on, whether we have caterers or not!
• Preposition 'on' का प्रयोग 'happening' और 'being' verbs के साथ नहीं किया जा सकता क्योंकि यह व्याकरणिक रूप से गलत होगा।
• इसलिए विकल्प 1 और 2 गलत है।
• कोई 'get on' कर सकता है, लेकिन यह 'performing' के कार्य को संदर्भित करता है।
• इस प्रकार, यह वाक्य के संदर्भ के साथ फिट नहीं है।
• अत: विकल्प 3 गलत है।
• अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 है।
• 'Get off' का अर्थ है एक जगह छोड़ना, आमतौर पर यात्रा शुरू करने के लिए।
• उदाहरण: If we can get off by seven o'clock, the roads will be clearer.
• 'Get over' का अर्थ है किसी अप्रिय तथ्य या स्थिति से कुछ समय तक निपटने के बाद उसे स्वीकार करना।
• उदाहरण: They're upset that you didn't call, but they'll get over it.

पुरा वाक्य: When he heard the terrible noise he asked me what was going on.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. short.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to someone having something to do with money. When it comes to money, one cannot be 'down' of money.
• As for 'low', one can be 'low' on money. But the use of the preposition 'of' after the blank indicates that 'low' is not an option.
• One cannot be 'scarce' of money. Thus, option 4 cannot be the answer.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct sentence is: Could you lend me some money? I am very short of cash at the moment.

Additional Information

• Let's understand what a preposition is
• ​A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation a person or thing stands in regard to something else.
• ​Example: of, in, over etc.

The correct answer is 'by'.

Key Points

• 'By' means near.
• Example: A small child stood sullenly by her side.
• One can stand by something which means that the person is standing near to that thing.
• 'At' is used to show an exact position or particular place.
• Example: We'll meet you at the entrance.
• One cannot stand 'at' something - one can stand at a location, not something.
• 'In' means experiencing a situation or condition, or feeling an emotion.
• Example: We watched in horror as they pulled the bodies from the wreckage.
• Therefore, one cannot stand 'in' something - unless it is meant to stand in like an amusement ride.
• 'Beyond' means further away in the distance (than something).
• Example: In the distance, beyond the river, was a small town.
• One cannot stand 'beyond' something.
• One can stand after something, not beyond.
• Therefore the most appropriate option is 'by'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Complete sentence: I saw her when she was standing by the side of the old statue.

Hinglish

• 'By' का अर्थ है निकट।
• उदाहरण: A small child stood sullenly by her side.
• जब कोई खड़ा होता है, तो वह किसी चीज के बगल में खड़ा होता है।
• 'At' का प्रयोग सटीक स्थिति या विशेष स्थान दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: We'll meet you at the entrance.
• कोई किसी चीज़ पर खड़े नहीं हो सकता - कोई एक स्थान पर खड़ा हो सकता है।
• 'In' का अर्थ है किसी स्थिति या स्थिति का अनुभव करना, या किसी भावना को महसूस करना।
• उदाहरण: We watched in horror as they pulled the bodies from the wreckage.
• 'Beyond' का अर्थ है दूरी में और दूर (किसी चीज से)।
• उदाहरण: In the distance, beyond the river, was a small town.
• कोई किसी चीज के 'beyond' खड़ा नहीं हो सकता।
• इसलिए सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प 'by' है।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।

पुरा वाक्य: I saw her when she was standing by the side of the old statue.

The correct answer is "desert".

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words.
• Abuse: treat with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly.
• Criticize: indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way.
• Befool: refers to the act of making a fool out of someone.
• Desert: abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous.
• As per the meaning of the given words, "desert" is the appropriate word choice for the blank.
• Example: The community leader said, "Only cowards desert the battlefield in the face of atrocity but we shall fight till the last breath".
• The meaning of the given sentence is that true friends never abandon their loved ones in adversity.
• So as per the implied meaning of the sentence and the example sentence, "desert" is the appropriate word for the blank.

The correct sentence is: True friends never desert their loved ones in adversity.

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Option 3, i.e 8 per cent.

• Planning Commission placed the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) before the National Development Council (NDC).
• The theme of the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Five Year Plan was “faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth”.
• The Approach Paper has proposed a target of 8 per cent growth for the Twelfth Plan.
• Health, education and skill development, environment and natural resources, and infrastructure development were the focus areas of the Twelfth Plan.
• Note - Currently, the Planning Commission doesn’t exist. Instead, Niti Aayog works on target based growth and planning for development.

Mistake Points

• 8% was the actual GDP target, but the Approach Paper to the Twelfth Plan, approved by the National Development Council (NDC) in 2011, had set a target of 9 per cent average growth of GDP over the Plan period.
• For more details refer to the official 12th Five-year plan at: https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/plans/planrel/fiveyr/12th/pdf/12fyp_vol1.pdf

The correct answer is i.e Higher Education.

• Higher education is not a subject that has been devolved to the Panchyati Raj Institutions by the 11th Schedule of the Constitution of India.

Key Points

The 11^th Schedule contains the following 29 functional items placed within the purview of panchayats:

1. Agriculture, including agricultural extension
2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation
3. Minor irrigation, water management, and watershed development
4. Animal husbandry, dairying, and poultry
5. Fisheries
6. Social forestry and farm forestry
7. Minor forest produce
8. Small-scale industries, including food processing industries
9. Khadi, village and cottage industries
10. Rural housing
11. Drinking water
12. Fuel and fodder
13. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication
14. Rural electrification, including distribution of electricity
15. Non-conventional energy sources
16. Poverty alleviation program
17. Education, including primary and secondary schools
18. Technical training and vocational education
19. Adult and non-formal education
20. Libraries
21. Cultural activities
22. Markets and fairs
23. Health and sanitation including hospitals, primary health centres, and dispensaries
24. Family welfare
25. Women and child development
26. Social welfare, including the welfare of the handicapped and mentally
27. The welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular, of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes
28. Public distribution system
29. Maintenance of community assets.

Additional Information

• Panchayati Raj:
• Article 40 of DPSP notifies about the Organisation of village panchayats.
• 73rd Amendment Act of 1992:
• The Act gives constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
• The Act has added new parts IX and 11th schedules to the constitution.
• 11th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the Power, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats, 29 subjects over which the Panchayats have jurisdiction.
• It is entitled “The Panchayats” and consists of provisions from Articles 243 to 243 (O).
• It contains 29 functional items of the Panchayats and deals with Article 243 (G).
• The main objective behind the establishment of Panchayati Raj Institutions is Social Justice, Economic Empowerment.

The correct answer is i.e Arnold Toynbee.

• The term Industrial Revolution was first popularized by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83).

Key Points

• Arnold Toynbee:

• He was an English historian.

• He used the term Industrial revolution for the first time in English to describe the changes that occurred in the British industrial development between 1760 and 1820.

• Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin.

• ​​Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.

• In the period 1760 to 1830, the Industrial Revolution was largely confined to Britain.

• The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were technological, socioeconomic, and cultural.

• The Industrial Revolution led to an improvement in Britain’s road network, which was sub-standard before the advent of industrialisation.

Additional Information 

• Karl Marx is famous for his Communist Manifesto where he discussed the Labour Theory of Value along with Friedrich Engels.
• Eric Hobsbawm was a life-long Marxist whose ideology influenced his works on socio-political development.
• Jules Michelet was a French nationalist historian best known for his monumental Histoire de France (1833–67).

The correct answer is i.e Subhas Chandra Bose.

• Subhash Chandra Bose is the author of the book ‘The Indian struggle 1920-1934’.

Key Points

• The Indian Struggle, 1920–1934 is authored by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
• He joined the Indian National Congress in 1921 and started the newspaper Swaraj.
• He formed the All India Forward Bloc within Congress in 1939, amidst the differences in ideology with a faction in Congress.

Additional Information

• Jayaprakash Narayan was a Socialist Political Leader who joined the Congress in 1929 and played a pivotal role in his “Total Revolution” in 1974.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first education minister of Independent India.
• Manabendra Nath Roy was the first person to pitch the idea of a Constituent Assembly in 1934.

The correct answer is It opposed the levy of tariffs on imports.

Key Points

• In fact, what happened was the exact opposite.
• The Swadeshi Campaigners wanted to put high tariffs on imports in order to protect the indigenous industries.
• Indian leaders used the boycott activities which was previously adopted by the Chinese against American goods.
• The centre of this struggle was in Maharashtra.
• Students participated in good numbers, boycotting colleges, and vouching to attend Nationalistic educational institutions.
• The burning of foreign clothes was an effective method used by the Indian nationalists.

Additional Information

• Swadeshi Movement (1905-1911):
• This was a comprehensive movement that lasted 6 years.
• The Swadeshi movement was the result of the partition of Bengal.
• After the partition of the Bengal Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was adopted as a means of integration.
• It was aimed at self Reliance, self-determination, and self-help.
• Tilak called it Bahiskar Yoga.

The correct answer is The East India Association.

• Dadabhai Naroji was also known as the “Grand Old Man of India.”
• He established the East India Association in London in 1866.
• It was a successor to the London Indian Society established in 1865 by 4 Indian students in London - Pherozeshah Mehta, W. C. Banerjee, Badruddin Tyabji, and Manmohan Ghose.
• The Association was one of the predecessor organizations to the later Indian National Congress.
• The major objective of the association was to voice the grievances of the Indian public among the British.
• Bengal British India Society was founded in 1843 in Kolkata.
• British Indian Association was an amalgamation of the “Landholders Society” and “British India Society” established in 1851. It was the first political organization that brought the Indians together.
• Madras Native Association (MNA) was founded with the initiative of Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty and others on 26 February 1852.

The correct answer is the Western Pacific Ocean.

• Mariana Trench is located on the ocean floor of the Western Pacific Ocean.

Key Points

• Mariana Trench, also called Marianas Trench is a deep-sea trench on the floor of the western North Pacific Ocean.
• It is the deepest such trench known on Earth.
• It is located mostly in the east as well as south of the Mariana Islands.
• The first attempt at finding the depth was made in 1875 during the Challenger Expedition (1872–76).
• It was formed due to the convergence of Oceanic-Oceanic plates.

Additional Information

• The South Sandwich Trench is located in the South Atlantic ocean.
• The Kermadec Trench is located in the South Pacific ocean.
• The Atacama Trench and submarine trench in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

The correct answer is Central Asia.

• Taklamakan Desert is situated in Central Asia.

Key Points

• The Taklamakan is one of the sandiest deserts located in Central Asia.
• It occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China.
• The Taklamakan is flanked by the Tien Shan to the north, the Kunlun Mountains to the south, and the Pamirs to the west.

Additional Information 

• The Zagros Mountains in Iran and the borders of Iraq can be said to be a part of Western Asia.
• Andes mountain range is found in South America.
• The Ennedi Massif is a vast sandstone massif on the southern fringes of the Sahara Desert in eastern Chad. It is one of six major mountain blocks in the Sahara

The correct answer is 2, i.e Mandakini.

Key Points

• Rudraprayag is situated at the confluence of rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini.
• Mandakini is also known as the Kali Ganga.
• The Sarda/Saryu/Mandakini/Kali Ganga river rises in the Milam glacier in the Nepal Himalayas where it is known as the Goriganga.
• Along the Indo-Nepal border, it is called Kali or Chauk, where it joins the Ghaghara.
• The Ghaghara after collecting the waters of its tributaries cuts a deep gorge at Shishapani, where river Sarda (Kali or Kali Ganga) joins it in the plain.

Ganga System

• The Alaknanda has its source in the Satopanth glacier above Badrinath.
• The Alaknanda meets Dhauliganga and the Vishnu Ganga which meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag.
• Alaknanda’s tributary Pindar joins it at KarnaPrayag.
• Alaknanda river meets Nandakini river at Nandprayag.
• At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda; hereafter, it is known as the Ganga.

The correct answer is i.e 2-3-1-4

Key Points

• Jodhpur is in Rajasthan so it is clearly the westernmost among the given options.
• Bhopal is located in the heart of India, which is Madhya Pradesh. If you remember the political map correctly, then Madhya Pradesh comes before Chhattisgarh (Bilaspur is in Chattisgarh) when we move from west to east.
• So, we can easily say that Bhopal comes before Bilaspur and hence the answer can be easily done by eliminating the options.
• After Chattisgarh would come to Jharkhand, and Ranchi is the capital of Jharkhand.
• So the correct pattern is Jodhpur-Bhopal-Bilaspur-Ranchi.

The correct answer is option 2, ie Western Disturbances.

• The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.
• They usually influence the weather of the north and north-western regions of India.
• The disturbances are responsible for the rains in the winter months.
• The additional amount of rainfall during the winters in the Kashmir Region is as a result of these Western Disturbances.
• Air moves from the high-pressure area over the southern Indian Ocean, in a south-easterly direction, crosses the equator, and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the Indian subcontinent. These are known as the Southwest Monsoon winds responsible for widespread rainfall in mainland India.
• The season of retreating monsoon (October and November) is a period of transition between the warm rainy monsoon and the dry cool winter.
• Temperate Cyclones are associated with Western Disturbances in the winter months. The rainfall is slow and continues for many days, sometimes even weeks in such cyclonic conditions.

The correct answer is Himalayan Mountain Region.

• Himalayan mountain region has the Kalatkot tertiary coalfield.

Key Points

• India has only a 2% share of Tertiary/Anthracite coal in all of its coal resources.
• They occur in Makum, Nazira, Lakhuni (Assam), Namchick-Namrup (Arunachal Pradesh), Darrangiri field (Meghalaya), Nagaland, and Kalakot (Jammu and Kashmir) - South of Pir Panjal.
• Brown Coal/Lignite can be found in the Tamil Nadu region, and they are of the lowest quality.
• Bituminous coal can be found in the Gondwana Coalfield - present in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra.

The correct answer is Collagen.

• **Tendons through which muscles are connected to bones are tightly compacted bundles of Collagen.**​

Key Points

• Collagen is the most abundant protein found in Bones and tendons, which helps in providing strength and structure to it.
• Tendons connect muscles to bones.
• Cartilage connects bones with bones.
• Collagen is present in the extra cellular matrix, in cartilage and in tendons.
• Because it undergoing polymerization along with platelets, it forms a hemostatic plug/clog over the site that is wounded.
• Tendons are tightly compacted bundles of collagen.

Additional Information 

• Fibrin is a non-globular, long fibrous protein involved in the clotting of blood.
• Elastin is a key protein that helps in resuming the shape of the skin after stretching.
• Cellulose is the main component of the plant cell wall, helping it remain stiff and upright.

The correct answer is  Wucchereria Bancrofti.

• The scientific name of the causal organism of elephantiasis is Wucchereria Bancrofti.

Key Points

• Elephantiasis is also known as Lymphatic filariasis.
• It is a very rare condition that spreads through mosquitoes which are the carriers of the Wuchereria bancrofti.
• The larvae of the worm keep on accumulating in the organ of the body upon entering the body and multiply.
• This results in the chronic inflammation of that organ.
• Symptoms include swelling of the legs, arms, genitals, breasts.

Additional Information

• Ascaris lumbricoides are large roundworms that cause Ascaris.
• Culex pipiens are the common house mosquito.
• Fasciola hepatica, which is also known as “the common liver fluke” or “the sheep liver fluke”, causes Fascioliasis.

The correct answer is Ultraviolet radiation.

Key Points

• Melanin helps in protecting the skin cell DNA from Ultraviolet radiation.
• UV Rays can damage the melanocytes, skin cells that are responsible for the skin pigment called melanin.
• Melanin thus acts as a protective skin pigment, which blocks the UV Radiation from inflicting damage on the DNA and thus causing skin cancer.
• In humans, melanin production is initiated by exposure to UV radiation.

The correct answer is Nucleic Acids.

Key Points

• Gout is a type of arthritis that causes inflammation in one joint.
• It is caused due to the elevated serum uric acid level in the joint.
• Meat which is generally consumed by humans, including seafood and organ meats, has high levels of nucleic acids.
• The liver has the highest amount of nucleic acid.
• So, a patient with Gouty arthritis shouldn’t consume beef, pork, and lamb.

Additional Information

• Fiber:
• 'Fiber' is a type of 'Carbohydrate' that keeps our body's digestive system strong.
• This is especially important for 'Obesity and Diabetes' patients who should consume a diet of fibre every day.
• 'Fibre' is mainly found in sufficient quantities in foods including Bran, Wheat Flour, Green leafy vegetables, Seasonal Fruits.
• Fibre is responsible for the "Digestion of the Body".
• We do not get nutrition from it, but it is an essential carbohydrate for the body.
• Lipids:
• ​These organic compounds are nonpolar molecules, which are soluble only in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule.
• In the human body, these molecules can be synthesized in the liver and are found in oil, butter, whole milk, cheese, fried foods, and also in some red meats.
• Carbohydrates:
• They are the main source of energy and are also called saccharides.
• On the basis of the numbers of saccharides in hydrolysis, Carbohydrates are classified as Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
• Monosaccharides:
• The monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates.
• Made up of one saccharide.
• Oligosaccharides:
• These saccharides are hydrolysis yields of 2 to 10 monosaccharide units.
• Polysaccharides:
• Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides.

The correct answer is No antibiotic has been obtained from any microbe.

Key Points

• Streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin are some of the commonly known antibiotics which are made from fungi and bacteria.
• There are three types of bacteria used to treat wastewater entering the treatment plant:
• Aerobic
• Anaerobic
• Facultative.
• Yeast is a microbe used for the fermentation process.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e Vitamin A.

• Golden rice is a rice variety that is produced using genetic engineering.
• This involves biosynthesis of beta-carotene in edible rice parts.
• Beta-carotene is a precursor of Vitamin A.
• This results in a food fortification, a process which involves increasing the micronutrient content of vitamins.
• Currently, there is a shortage of Vitamin A - a dietary fibre, which has resulted in the death of half a million children in the past 5 years.

CONCEPT:

Circular motion:

• The type of motion in which particle moves on a circle is called as circular motion.

Centripetal acceleration:

• The acceleration due to which the particle changes its direction on the circular path and moves on it is called as centripetal acceleration.
• It is denoted as a_c.

$a_c= \frac{{{v^2}}}{R}$

Where v is speed of the particle and R is the radius of the circular path

EXPLANATION:

• Since speed v is constant for the particle. So centripetal acceleration will change by changing the radius of the curve.

• As the centripetal acceleration is given by: ${a_C} = \frac{{{v^2}}}{R}$ , so centripetal acceleration will decrease by increasing the radius of the circle.

• On a gentle path which is having large radius will have smaller centripetal acceleration than the sharp curve having smaller radius. So option 1 is correct and options 2 and 3 are wrong.

• Centripetal acceleration doesn’t change the speed of the particle so object will not slow down. It just changes the direction of the particle on the curve. So option 4 is wrong.

• The acceleration of the particle along in the direction of tangent to the curve is called as tangential acceleration of the particle.

• The tangential acceleration of the particle changes the speed of the particle moving on a circular path.

CONCEPT:

• Force: The interaction which changes or tries to change the position of anybody is called force.
• SI unit of force is Newton (N).
• Mathematically force can be written as
• F = ma

Where m = mass and a = acceleration of the object**.**

• Potential energy :The energy due to the position of the particle is called the potential energy of the particle**.**
• The SI unit of potential energy is Joule (J).
• The relation between force and potential energy is given by:
• ${\rm{Force;}}\left( {\rm{F}} \right) = - \frac{{dU}}{{dx}}$

Where U is potential energy and x is the position.

EXPLANATION:

Given- Force = F(x) = AX²- Bx

${\rm{F}} = - \frac{{{\rm{dU}}}}{{{\rm{dx}}}} = {\rm{A}}{{\rm{X}}^2} - {\rm{Bx}}$

dU = - (AX²- Bx) dx

Integrate on both sides of the above equation

$\smallint dU = - \smallint ({\rm{A}}{{\rm{X}}^2} - {\rm{;Bx}}){\rm{dx}}$

${\rm{Potential;energy;}}\left( {\rm{U}} \right){\rm{;}} = {\rm{;}} - \frac{{A{x^3}}}{3} + \frac{{B{x^2}}}{2} = - \frac{{{x^2}}}{6}\left( {2Ax - 3B} \right)$

CONCEPT:

Inductance:

• The tendency of any conductor which opposes the change in the electric current flowing through it is called as inductance of that conductor.
• The SI unit of inductance is Henry.

EXPLANATION:

• As the SI unit of inductance is henry which is denoted by H. So option 3 is correct.
• Hertz is the SI unit of frequency. So option 4 is wrong.
• Holm and Halogen are not any name of the units for anything. So options 1 and 2 are wrong**.**

CONCEPT:

Acceleration due to gravity (g):

• The acceleration achieved by any object due to the gravitational force of attraction by the earth is called acceleration due to gravity of earth.
• It always acts in a downward direction.
• It is same for all the particles or objects.

The equation of motion is given by:

$S = ut + ;\frac{1}{2}a{t^2}$

Where S =the distance travelled, a is acceleration, u is initial velocity and t is the time taken.

EXPLANATION:

• As all three particles are in the vacuum so there is no air resistance or air friction experienced by the objects.
• All are dropped simultaneously so all will have the same initial velocity (u).
• Since for all three objects, the acceleration due to gravity is the same so the acceleration of each particle will be the same.

a₁ = a₂ = a₃ = g = acceleration due gravity

$S = u{t_1} + ;\frac{1}{2}g{t_1}^2;$= distance travelled by five-rupee coin

$S = u{t_2} + ;\frac{1}{2}g{t_2}^2;$ = distance travelled by feather of sparrow bird

$S = u{t_3} + ;\frac{1}{2}g{t_3}^2$ = distance travelled by mango

So t₁= t₂ =t₃

• As all three are dropped from same height so distance for all is same. Hence time taken by each object will be same. So option 4 is correct.

• Acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass of the object. All the object will have same acceleration due to gravity.

CONCEPT:

• The bundle of light ray is called as photon.
• When photons fall on a metal surface then free electrons get ejected from the metal surface. This phenomenon is called as photoelectric emission.
• When a high field is applied across a metal surface then ejection of electron is called as High field emission.
• When ejection of electrons takes place due to heat is called as thermionic emission.
• When ejection of electrons takes place due to its own energy is called as auto electronic emission.

EXPLANATION:

• Here the emission of electrons takes place due to photons or light so the emission is called as photoelectric emission. Hence option 2 is correct.

• There is a certain minimum energy required to remove an electron from a metal surface. This energy is called as work function of that metal.

CONCEPT:

• The rate of change of distance is called as speed i.e
• ${\rm{Speed}} = \frac{{{\rm{Distance}}}}{{{\rm{Time;taken}}}}$
• Distance = speed × time taken
• Speed of light is 3 × 10⁸ m/s.
• The distance between earth and the sun is about 15 × 10⁷ km.

EXPLANATION:

Speed of light (V) = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

Distance between earth and sun (S) = 15 × 10⁷ km =15 × 10¹⁰ m

Time taken by the light to reach the earth (t) is equal to

${\rm{Time;taken;}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = \frac{{{\rm{Distance}}}}{{{\rm{Speed}}}}$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{Time;taken;}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = \frac{{15{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}{{10}^{10}}{\rm{;m}}}}{{3{\rm{;}} \times {\rm{;}}{{10}^8}{\rm{;m}}/{\rm{s}}}} = {\rm{;}}500{\rm{;sec;}}$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{Time;taken;}}\left( {\rm{t}} \right) = \frac{{500}}{{60}} = 8.2;{\rm{min}} \approx 8{\rm{;min}}$

CONCEPT:

• The instrument which is used to measure the radioactivity is called as GM Counter.
• The instrument which is used to measure angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light is called as Polarimeter.
• The instrument which is used to measure the absorbance of particular wavelengths of light is called as Colorimeter.
• The instrument which is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions is called as Calorimeter.

EXPLANATION:

• As the radioactivity is measured by GM Counter. So option 1 is correct.

CONCEPT:

• The optical instrument which reflects the light falling on it and makes images of anybody is called a mirror.
• The mirror which has a spherical reflecting surface is called a spherical mirror.
• A mirror whose reflecting surface is flat is called a plane mirror
• The mirror whose reflecting surface is a part of a cylindrical surface is called a cylindrical mirror.

There are two types of spherical mirror:

Convex mirror:

• The spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is in upside is called a convex mirror.
• It always from a virtual image of any object.

Concave mirror:

• The mirror whose reflecting surface is inward is called a concave mirror.
• It can form both real as well as virtual images of any object.

EXPLANATION:

• The convex mirror forms a virtual image of any object which is erect.
• It also from a full size diminished image of the objects placed at far away distance with a wide range of field of view.
• Due to a wide range of fields of view we can see the image of the maximum object behind the vehicles.
• Hence we use a convex mirror in the rearview. So option 2 is correct.

CONCEPT:

• The wave which is generated due to vibration between electric field and magnetic field and it does not need any medium to travel is called an electromagnetic wave.
• It can travel through a vacuum.
• The wave having shorter wavelengths than visible light is called Ultraviolet waves.
• The wave has a wavelength greater than visible light is called Infrared waves.
• The wave has a wavelength greater than infrared is called a Radio wave.
• The wave having a shorter wavelength than that of radio waves but longer than that of infrared are called microwaves.

EXPLANATION:

• The original currency notes have some strip embedded into it.
• The forged currency doesn’t have these strips.
• The Ultraviolet waves detect these strips and we can catch the forged currency. Hence option 1 is correct.

CONCEPT:

• The material which is not a good conductor or a good insulator is called as semiconductor.
• For example: Silicon
• The charge carriers which are present in more quantity in a semiconductor compared to other particles are called majority charge carrier.

There are two types of semiconductors:

P-type semiconductor:

• The semiconductor having holes as majority charge carriers is called as P-type semiconductor.

N-type semiconductor:

• The semiconductor having free electrons as majority charge carriers is called as N-type semiconductor.

EXPLANATION:

• As the majority charge carrier in p-type is holes. So option 4 is correct**.**