DSSSB LDC (Jr. Assistant/Steno/LDC): (13 Oct 2025) Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Kerala. 

Key Points

• Thiruvathira Festival, also known as Thiruvathirai, is primarily celebrated in the southern Indian state of Kerala.
• It's a Hindu festival dedicated to Lord Shiva, and it holds special significance for women.
• On this day, married women fast and pray for the well-being of their husbands, while unmarried women pray to get good husbands.

​

Additional Information

• Odisha:
• The state is known for its unique festivals like Raja Parba (celebrating womanhood and the onset of monsoons), Kalinga Mahotsav (a martial dance festival), and the famous Rath Yatra (chariot festival dedicated to Lord Jagannath).
• Assam:
• This state is renowned for its Bihu festival, celebrated in three parts throughout the year - Rongali or Bohag Bihu in April (marking the Assamese New Year at the beginning of spring), Kongali or Kati Bihu in October (the time of harvest), and Bhogali or Magh Bihu in January (marking the end of the harvesting season).
• Punjab:
• The state is famous for Baisakhi, which marks the Sikh New Year and commemorates the formation of Khalsa Panth (the community of the initiated) under Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.
• It is also a spring harvest festival for the Punjabi farmers.
• Other notable festivals include Lohri (celebrating the end of winter and arrival of longer days) and Karva Chauth (fasting and praying for the well-being of husbands by married women).

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Karnataka is the largest coffee-producing state in India.
• After Karnataka, the next state which accounts for the highest share of coffee production in India is Kerala.
• Kerala produces around 21% of India’s coffee.
• Both Karnataka and Kerala together account for around 90% of the total coffee produced in India.
• The third highest coffee-producing state in India is Tamil Nadu which accounts for 5% of the total coffee produced in India.
• Coffee is also grown in Northeastern India, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
• The most well-known species of coffee grown in India are Robusta and Arabica.
• Arabica coffee species was introduced in the Baba Budan Giri hill ranges of Karnataka in the 17th century.
• Coffee from India is exported to other countries such as Germany, France, Russia, Spain, Slovenia, Belgium, Netherlands, Greece, the USA, and the United Kingdom.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Canadian model.

Key Points

• The Indian Constitution established a federal structure for the Indian government, though it also has a unitary tilt.
• It incorporated a centralizing feature, i.e., more power to the Union (center) than the states.
• This type of federalism, where the center is stronger than the states, is a characteristic of Canadian federalism, not the British, Japanese, or USA models.
• Canadian Model:
• In Canada, the federal government has more power relative to the provinces, and it can override decisions made at the provincial level.
• This system was chosen in India to maintain unity and integrity in a culturally, linguistically, and ethnically diverse country.
• This model helps in handling any internal conflicts and maintaining overall control in policy-making and national matters.

Additional Information

• Britain Model:
• Britain is a unitary state where all power is vested in the central government.
• It is not a federation, so states or provinces do not have constitutionally protected sovereignty.
• Japan Model:
• Japan also follows a unitary system of government where the central government has the power to control local governments.
• USA Model:
• The United States follows a model of federalism where the states and the center have distinct powers and responsibilities.
• The U.S. model is more of a 'co-equal' model where the Federal and State Governments have their own jurisdiction, and the Federal Government cannot override state decisions within that jurisdiction.

The correct answer is 395.

Key Points:

• Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.
• There were 395 articles 8 schedules originally in the Constitution of India.
• Prem Behari Narain Raizada wrote the Indian Constitution by hand.
• Dr. BR Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information:

• The Indian Constitution was prepared in 2 years 11 months 18 days.
• It was decided to declare 26 November as Constitution Day.
• The National Flag of India was adopted on 22 July 1947.
• The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2 : 3.
• The National Flag has 24 spokes.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• The option "4) Higher Education" is not an essential qualification for the candidature of the President of India.
• The President of India need not have a higher education degree.
• The Constitution of India does not list educational qualifications as a requirement.
• The essential qualifications, as per the Constitution of India, are:
• The candidate must be a citizen of India.
• They must be at least 35 years of age.
• They must be qualified for election as a member of the House of the People.
• They must not hold an office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments.

​

Additional Information

• The President of India, as the head of state, has been bestowed with several powers by the Constitution of India. These powers can be broadly classified into the following categories:
• Executive Powers: The President has the authority to appoint the Prime Minister of India, other ministers, the Chief Justice and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the Governors of states, the Attorney General, the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners, the Chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission, and Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries, among others.
• Legislative Powers: The President summons and prorogues the two Houses of Parliament. They can dissolve the Lok Sabha and call for new elections.
• Financial Powers: The President causes the Annual Budget (the Union Budget) to be laid before the Parliament.
• Judicial Powers: The President has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment, or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense.
• Military Powers: The President is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.
• Emergency Powers: The President has the power to declare three types of emergencies: national, state and financial. During the period of any emergency, the powers of the President are greatly extended.
• Diplomatic Powers: The President represents India in international forums and affairs and sends and receives diplomats.
• Veto Powers: The President has veto power over all bills passed by the Parliament, meaning they can withhold their assent, send the bill back for reconsideration, or decide to take no action on the bill.

The Correct Answer is Triveni.

In News

• The Tri-Services All-Women Sailing Expedition returned via the indigenously-built Indian Armed Services Vessel called "Triveni", a 56-foot sailing yacht.

Key Points

• Event: Return of Tri-Services All-Women Sailing Expedition
• Date of Return: June 04, 2025
• Voyage: 1,800-nautical-mile international sailing to Seychelles
• Launched on: April 07, 2025
• Duration: Nearly 2 months
• Team: 11 women officers from Army, Navy, Air Force
• Vessel: Indigenously built ‘Triveni’, a 56-foot sailing yacht
• Significance: First-ever international open-sea mission by an all-women Indian Armed Forces team

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Kelucharan Mohapatra, the renowned Odissi dancer and choreographer, was indeed awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2000.
• Kelucharan Mohapatra's contributions to the field of Odissi dance.

Additional Information

• Pandit Birju Maharaj:
• Pandit Birju Maharaj is a highly respected Kathak dancer and choreographer from India.
• He comes from a renowned lineage of Kathak exponents and is considered a living legend in the field of Indian classical dance.
• Amala Akkineni:
• Amala Akkineni is an Indian film actress, dancer, and animal welfare activist.
• She predominantly worked in the South Indian film industry, primarily in Telugu and Tamil cinema.
• Jatin Goswami:
• Jatin Goswami is a prominent Assamese theater personality and actor.
• He has made significant contributions to Assamese theater and has been actively involved in promoting the arts and culture of Assam.

The correct answer is Mangalyaan.

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India is introducing new design banknotes in the denomination of ₹2000 as part of Mahatma Gandhi(New) Series. The new denomination has motif of the Mangalyaan on the reverse, depicting the country's first venture in interplanetary space.
• The base colour of the note is magenta. The note has other designs, geometric patterns aligning with the overall colour scheme, both on the obverse and the reverse.
• The size of the new note is 66mm x 166mm.

Additional Information

• The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan, is a space probe launched by the Indian Space Research Organization on November 5, 2013.
• Mangalyaan was India's first interplanetary mission.
• The indigenously-built space probe has reached the Martian orbit on 24 September 2014.
• The mission made India the first Asian country, and the fourth in the world after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency, to get to the planet.
• ISRO spent $75 million to launch the mission, making it the least-expensive Mars mission to date.

The Correct Answer is two.

In News

• Govt to conduct Population Census- 2027 in two phases with caste enumeration.

Key Points

• Population Census 2027 will be conducted in two phases.
• Phase 1: From 1st October 2026, covering hilly/snow-hit regions – Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Ladakh.
• Phase 2: From 1st March 2027, covering rest of India.
• Caste enumeration will be included in this census.
• The last census was held in 2011 (House Listing + Population Enumeration).
• India’s census is one of the largest administrative and statistical exercises globally.
• It forms the foundation for other surveys and captures demographic, economic, social, and cultural data.

The correct answer is Article 17.

Key Points

• Article 17:-
• Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
• Indian Parliament passed an Untouchability (offenses) Act in 1955.
• Article 17 was adopted by the constituent assembly with slogans of “Mahatma Gandhi ki Jai”
• The term ‘untouchability’ is not defined in the Constitution or in the Act.

Additional Information

• Important Articles of Indian constitution

The correct answer is CH 3 COOH.

 Key Points

• Ethanoic acid belongs to the group of carboxylic acids and it is a type of weak acid.
• Ethanoic acid (CH 3 COOH) belongs to the group of carboxylic acids and is commonly called acetic acid.
• It is slightly heavier than water with a density of 1.05 g/cm 3.
• ​Uses of ethanoic acid
• Ethanoic acid is widely used in many industries.
• Commercially it is used in the manufacturing of esters, vinegar, and many polymeric materials.
• Vinegar has been shown to reduce high concentrations of blood sugar.
• It is used as an anti-fungal agent.

The correct answer is Puducherry.

Key Points

• Puducherry has the highest sex ratio of 1037 females to every 1000 males.
• As per the 2011 census, India has 943 females per 1000 males.
• Puducherry:
• Puducherry, a French colonial settlement in India until 1954, is now a Union Territory town bounded by the southeastern Tamil Nadu state.
• Pondicherry is synonymous with the Aurobindo Ashram, founded by Sri Aurobindo and Mirra Alfassa in 1926.​

Additional Information

• The top five states/Union territories which have the highest sex ratio are-
• Kerela (1,084)
• Puducherry (1,038),
• Tamil Nadu (995),
• Andhra Pradesh (992) and
• Chhattisgarh (991).
• The five Union territories which have the lowest sex ratio are:
• Daman & Diu (618),
• Dadra & Nagar Haveli (775),
• Chandigarh (818),
• NCT of Delhi (866) and
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands (878).

The Correct Answer is Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency, and Development.

In News

• Union Minister Kiren Rijiju launches UMEED Central Portal to modernize Waqf Property Management.

Key Points

• Union Minister Kiren Rijiju launched the UMEED Central Portal in New Delhi to modernize the management of Waqf properties across India.
• The portal is named after the Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency, and Development Act, 1995.
• It is a centralized digital platform allowing real-time uploading, verification, and monitoring of Waqf properties.
• The portal aims to increase transparency, accountability, and public participation in Waqf asset administration.
• Features include a digital inventory with geo-tagging, an online grievance redressal system, and real-time monitoring of leasing and usage.
• It integrates with GIS mapping and e-Governance tools to improve management and offers public access to verified records to build trust and engagement.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Nauchandi Fair is held in Meerut Uttar Pradesh after a few days of the Holi festival.
• It is an annual Fair held at Nauchandi ground of Meerut.
• During this Fair Hindu devotees worship ‘Nauchandi Devi’ and pay tribute to the great saint ‘Syed Salar’.
• It is organized by the Municipal Corporation of Meerut.
• The Nauchandi Express train is named after this Fair. It runs between Meerut and Lucknow.

Additional Information

The correct answer is ​2007.

Key Points

• In 2007, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The Red Fort, which is also known as the Lal Qila, was constructed by one of the most famous Mughal emperors, Shah Jahan.
• Built on the banks of the river Yamuna, the fortress-palace was designed by architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
• The fort served as the royal residence of the Mughal emperors from 1648 to 1857

Additional Information 

• The Red Fort comprises many heritage components of the Mughal Era.
• The first Prime Minister of free India, Jawahar Lal Nehru, hoisted the national flag of India at the Red Fort on 15th August 1947.

Important Points

• As of 2025, there are 43 World Heritage Sites located in India.
• Out of these, 35 are cultural, 7 are natural, and one, the Kanchenjunga National Park, is of mixed type.
• India has the sixth-largest number of sites in the world.
• The most recent addition to the UNESCO World Heritage List from India is Moidams: The Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty from Assam, inscribed in July 2024.

The correct answer is Krishi Nivesh Portal.

In News

• The government of India is integrating agricultural schemes under the unified Krishi Nivesh portal to streamline investments in the agriculture sector.

Key Points

• Purpose: The Krishi Nivesh portal aims to streamline agri-investments by integrating multiple schemes from various ministries and state governments.
• Investment Opportunities: The portal categorizes investment opportunities based on geographical spread to unlock sectoral investment potential.
• Schemes Covered: The portal currently covers 17 flagship agri-sector schemes, such as Agriculture Infrastructure Fund and PM-KUSUM.
• Departments Involved: 14 central ministries and 9 state departments are involved in implementing agriculture schemes under this platform.

Additional Information

• Scheme Integration: The platform is designed to solve challenges such as fragmented information and slow loan disbursement in the agriculture sector.
• Private Investment: The government aims to boost private sector investment in agriculture to increase productivity and infrastructure.
• Financial Allocation: The government has allocated Rs 1.31 lakh crore for agriculture schemes in FY25.
• Launch Details: Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the portal, aiming to facilitate better coordination and promote agri-investments.

The correct answer is Ayush Suraksha Portal.

In News

• The Ministry of Ayush launched the Ayush Suraksha Portal to combat misleading advertisements and adverse drug reactions in the Ayush sector.

Key Points

• Ayush Suraksha Portal is a digital platform enhancing pharmacovigilance and regulatory oversight in traditional medicine.
• The portal enables citizens, healthcare professionals, and regulatory authorities to report and monitor such issues in real time.
• It integrates data from State Licensing Authorities, national pharmacovigilance centers, and multiple regulatory bodies for coordinated action.
• The portal was developed as per a Supreme Court directive to create a centralized system for monitoring misleading ads and drug safety.

Additional Information

• Pharmacovigilance refers to the monitoring and evaluation of drug safety and adverse effects.
• Misleading advertisements can harm consumers and undermine trust in traditional medicine.
• Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS) supported the technical development of the portal.
• Supreme Court directive mandated a centralized dashboard to monitor complaints on misleading ads and drug reactions.
• Ayush sector encompasses traditional systems like Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy in India.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• Plastids are membrane-bound organelles found only in plant cells and some algae.
• They are involved in various cellular functions and are responsible for several important processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, storage of pigments, and synthesis of essential compounds.
• Mitochondria, nucleus, and Golgi apparatus are present in both plant and animal cells.
• Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for energy production.
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material.
• The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transportation within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

Additional Information

• A plant cell is a eukaryotic cell found in plants.
• It has a rigid cell wall made of cellulose and contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
• Plant cells have a large central vacuole for storage and maintaining cell rigidity.
• They also have a nucleus, various organelles, and plasmodesmata for cell communication.
• Plant cells are specialized for photosynthesis and have unique structures to carry out this process.

The correct answer is Thang Ta.

Key Points

• Thang Ta is an exclusive martial dance from Manipur that includes the unique display of skill, creativity, and agility in which dance performers enact a mock fight sequence.
• Thang Ta is an ancient Manipuri Martial Art developed from the war environment of Manipur & created by the Meitei.
• It is also known as the art of sword and spear, this Manipuri traditional dance features a wide range of martial arts weaponry in its performance.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Churning poor.

Key Points

• The term "churning poor" is  used to describe individuals or households who move in and out of poverty.
• It refers to people whose income fluctuates around the poverty line, sometimes being above, and at other times falling below it.
• These fluctuations can be due to a variety of factors, including seasonal income variations, sudden expenses, or unexpected economic events.
• The "churning poor" are a group for whom poverty is a persistent but not always constant problem.
• This precarity can make planning for the future and breaking the cycle of poverty very challenging.

The correct answer is Sagarmala Pariyojana.

Key Points

• Sagarmala Seaplane Services also having airline operators will be implemented by the Sagarmala Development Company Limited.
• 6 new port locations have been included in the Sagarmala Project.
• These are Vadhavan (Maharashtra,Enayam (Tamil Nadu), Tajpur (West Bengal), Paradip Outer Harbour (Odisha), Sirkazhi (Tamil Nadu), Belekeri (Karnataka).
• The Sagarmala project is one of the pioneer initiatives launched by the government of India with the objective to enhance connectivity at the Ports of India.
• Sagarmala is an ambitious national initiative aimed at bringing about a step change in India’s logistics sector performance, by unlocking the full potential of India’s coastline and waterways.
• The vision of Sagarmala is to reduce logistics costs for both domestic and EXIM cargo with optimized infrastructure investment.

Additional Information

• The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector.
• The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.
• The Sagarmala Programme​:
• Country: India
• Launched by: Narendra Modi
• Ministry: Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
• Established: 31 July 2015;

The correct answer is Khalji.

Key Points

• Khalji 
• Khalji Dynasty- was the second ruling family of the Delhi sultanate, a Muslim kingdom in north India.
• The Khalji dynasty ruled from 1290 to 1320.
• It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji and came to power in a revolution that signified the transfer of authority from Turkic nobility to Afghans.
• Alauddin Khalji made serious efforts to re-assess the land revenue and unify the taxes not only in rural areas but also in urban areas.
• He established a centralized administrative system of revenue collection.
• Muqtis were appointed for revenue collection.
• Alauddin made sure that their offices were not hereditary.
• He kept proper control over them.

Additional Information

• Tughlaq dynasty 
• This was the Muslim dynasty of Indo-Turkic origin, ruled in India from 1320 AD - 1414 AD.
• The Tughlaq dynasty was founded by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq.
• He ascended to the throne by killing Mubarak Khilji, the last ruler of the Khilji dynasty.
• Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Tughlaq was the last ruler of this dynasty.
• Lodi dynasty
• It was the fifth and last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The Lodi dynasty ruled from 1451 AD - 1526 AD.
• The founder of the Lodi dynasty was Bahlul Lodhi.
• This was an Afghan dynasty and was also known as the Pashtun dynasty.
• Ibrahim Lodhi was the last ruler of this dynasty and was killed by the Babur's troops in the battle of Panipat.
• Sayyid dynasty
• The Sayyid dynasty ruled over India after the invasion of Timur.
• Taimur invaded India during the reign of Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughlaq of the Tughlaq dynasty in 1398 AD.
• The Sayyid dynasty was founded by Khizir Khan, who was the governor of Multan and Timur's deputy in India.
• Ala-ud-din Shah was the last ruler of this dynasty.

The correct answer is Silver.

Key Points

• The metal with the highest electrical conductivity among the options given is Silver.
• Here are a few points explaining this:
• Conductivity:
• ​Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all elements.
• It's used in many industrial applications because of this property.
• Resistance to Corrosion:
• ​Despite being highly conductive, silver isn't always the first choice for an electrical conductor in practical applications because it tarnishes and corrodes more easily than some other metals.
• Cost:
• ​Silver is more expensive than many other materials.
• Copper, while not as conductive, is used more frequently because it's less expensive.
• Heat Sensitivity:
• ​Silver's conductivity decreases as it gets hotter, so it's not ideal for high-temperature applications.
• Malleability and Ductility:
• ​Silver is malleable and ductile, making it easier to draw into wires for electrical applications.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 7th   

Key Points

• The 7th Schedule of the Constitution of India deals with the division of powers between the Union government and the States.
• It contains the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
• Union List:
• This includes subjects on which only the Union government can make laws.
• These subjects pertain to national matters such as defense, atomic energy, foreign affairs, war and peace, banking, railways, etc.
• There are currently 100 items on this list (originally 97).
• State List:
• This includes subjects on which only the state government can make laws.
• These subjects are of local or regional interest, such as police, agriculture, prisons, public health, etc.
• There are currently 61 items on this list (originally 66).
• Concurrent List:
• This includes subjects on which both the Union and State governments can make laws.
• These subjects might require uniformity across the country but also local flexibility, like bankruptcy and insolvency, marriage and divorce, bankruptcy and insolvency, education, etc.
• There are currently 52 items on this list (originally 47).

Additional Information

• 11th Schedule:
• This schedule deals with the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats, the rural local self-government system in India.
• It was added by the 73rd Amendment in 1992.
• 9th Schedule:
• This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment in 1951.
• It includes acts and regulations of the state legislature dealing with land reforms and the abolition of the zamindari system.
• 5th Schedule:
• This schedule deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

The correct answer is population.

Key Points

• Per capita income is the average income earned per person in a country.
• It is calculated by dividing national income by the total population of a country.

          (\text{Per Capita Income} = {National Income \over \text{Population of a country}})                 

Additional Information

• Per capita income is an important measure of the real economic growth of a country.
• It is an indicator of the social welfare of an economy.
• It includes all individuals of the country not just adults but children and infants also.
• Hence it is unable to account for inflation, poverty, inequality, savings, and wealth.

​ 

Important Points

National income is the sum of the factor income earned by the normal residents of a country within a financial year.

• It is equal to the value of produced goods and services by the normal residents of a country within a financial year.
• National income is calculated by the value-added method, income method and expenditure method. 
• In the value-added method, the gross value added is calculated throughout the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy
• In the income method, the factor income is calculated throughout the economy
• In expenditure method, the sum of expenditure by all sectors of the economy is calculated.

Per Capita Income=NationalIncomePopulation of a \

The correct answer is Kolkata.

Key Points

• Established on 15th August 1889, Mohun Bagan Athletic Club is one of the oldest clubs in India & Asia.
• It is situated in Kolkata.
• It created history in 1911 by becoming the first Indian team to win IFA Shield, an event that has been closely linked with Indian nationalism.
• Mohun Bagan football team has won National League/I-League five times and Federation Cup a record fourteen times.
• The club also has a rich history in other sports like cricket and hockey.

Additional Information

• Football:
• Team members - 11 per side
• Highest governing body - FIFA
• Nicknames
• ​World Game
• The Beautiful Game

The correct answer is 1855.

Key Points

• Santhal Rebellion: 
• The Santhal Revolt started in 1855-56.
• Due to the introduction of the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793 the British people snatched lands that the Santhals had been cultivating for centuries from them.
• The zamindars, moneylenders, Europeans and therefore the British government officials raised the property tax and exploited farmers.
• On 30th June 1855, two Santhal brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu organised 10,000 Santhals and proclaimed a rebellion against the British.
• About 15000 Santhal villagers including the Murmu brothers were killed and their villages destroyed.
• Martial law was declared on 10th November 1855 and it lasted till 3rd January 1856.
• The British Official passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act in 1876 which offered some protection for the tribals against exploitation.

The correct answer is non-redeemable

Key Points:

• There is a constitutional requirement in India (Article 112) to present before the Parliament a statement of estimated receipts and expenditures of the government in respect of every financial year which runs from 1 April to 31 March.
• This ‘Annual Financial Statement’ constitutes the main budget document.
• Therefore, the budget comprises of the-Revenue Budget and the Capital Budget.
• The Revenue Budget shows the current receipts of the government and the expenditure that can be met from these receipts.
• Revenue receipts are receipts of the government which are non-redeemable, that is, they cannot be reclaimed from the government.
• They are divided into tax and non-tax revenues.
• They can not be claimed by the government under special circumstances.

The correct answer is 1539.

Key Points

• The Battle of Chausa is one of the most important battles fought in Indian history.
• This war was fought on June 26, 1539, between the forces of Sher Khan (Sher Shah) and Humayun, the son of Mughal emperor Babar, at a place called 'Chausa' on the northern bank of the river Ganges.
• After being successful in the battle of Chausa, Sher Khan equipped himself with the title of 'Sher Shah', as well as ordered his name to be engraved and coins to be minted.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Carlos Alcaraz.

In News

• Carlos Alcaraz defends his crown, beats Jannik Sinner to win longest French Open men's singles final in history.

Key Points

• Carlos Alcaraz won the 2025 French Open Men’s Singles title, defending his crown.
• He defeated world number 1 Jannik Sinner in a five-set thriller:
  

4-6, 6-7, 6-4, 7-6, 7-6.

• It was the longest French Open men’s final ever, lasting 5 hours and 29 minutes.
• The previous longest final was in 1982 (4 hrs 42 mins – Wilander vs Vilas).
• This was Sinner’s first Grand Slam final loss.
• Alcaraz is now 5-0 in Grand Slam finals, maintaining a perfect record.
• At 22 years old, he became the third-youngest man to win 5 Grand Slam titles, after Bjorn Borg and Rafael Nadal.
• The win also ended Sinner’s 20-match winning streak in Grand Slam matches.

The correct answer is Option 4: A covert drone strike operation executed by Ukraine targeting Russia’s long-range aviation assets.

• Statement 4 is correct because "Operation Spider’s Web" refers to a covert drone strike operation executed by Ukraine’s Security Service (SBU) on June 1, 2025. The operation targeted Russia’s long-range aviation assets deep inside Russian territory and was the largest and most sophisticated drone attack of the war to date.

In News

• Operation Spider’s Web, a covert drone strike operation by Ukraine, targeted Russia’s long-range aviation assets, causing significant damage to its strategic bomber fleet.

Key Points

• Operation Scale: The operation involved 117 drones launched from trucks near five Russian airbases, reaching targets as far as 4,300 km from Ukraine.
• Targets: The drones targeted Russia’s strategic bomber fleet, including Tu-95, Tu-160, and Tu-22M3 bombers, and an A-50 airborne early warning jet.
• Technology: The drones were pre-programmed using AI and open-source autopilot software, allowing for autonomous navigation.

Additional Information

• Psychological Impact: The operation showcased Ukraine’s ability to carry out sophisticated, asymmetric attacks deep within Russian territory, challenging traditional military strategies.
• Global Lessons: It highlights the evolving risks posed by inexpensive, commercially available drones and the need for modern defensive strategies against such threats.

The correct answer is Articles 23-24.

Key Points 

• Articles 23-24 of the Indian Constitution cover the fundamental right against exploitation.
• Articles 23 prohibits in human beings and other similar forms of forced labour.
• Nothing in article 23 shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purpose, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.
• Articles 24 prohibits the employment of the children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or other hazardous activities.

The Correct Answer is Guldar.

In News

• India’s First Underwater Museum and Artificial Coral Reef to Be Developed Around INS Guldar in Maharashtra.

Key Points

• India’s first underwater museum and artificial coral reef will be created around INS Guldar.
• Location: Nivati Rocks, Vengurla, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra.
• The warship INS Guldar was decommissioned in January 2024.
• The Union Tourism Ministry has approved ₹46.91 crore for the project.
• Aim: Promote marine conservation, scuba diving tourism, and submarine tours in future.
• The ship weighs 1,120 tons and is now handed over to Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• The University of Mumbai, formerly known as the University of Bombay, was established in 1857.
• It is one of the oldest and premier universities in India.
• The university was established under the British Raj and was initially focused on providing higher education in the western region of India.
• It played a significant role in the spread of higher education and learning during the colonial era.

​

Additional Information

• The University of Bundelkhand, also known as Bundelkhand University, is a public state university located in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• It was established on August 26, 1975.
• The University of Punjab, commonly known as Punjab University (PU), is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
• It was established in 1882 as the University of the Punjab, making it one of the oldest and most prestigious educational institutions in Pakistan.
• The University of Allahabad is a prestigious central university located in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Established in 1887, it is one of the oldest universities in India.
• Initially known as the Muir Central College, it was later renamed as the University of Allahabad in 2005.

The correct answer is To provide opportunities for education to one’s child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years.

Key Points

• The 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India:
• The 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India was enacted in the year 1976.
• It is officially known as the Constitution Act, of 1976.
• It was enacted during the Emergency by the Indian National Congress Head Indira Gandhi.
• It is considered the most controversial Constitutional Amendment in Indian history.
• Added three new Directive Principles viz., equal justice and free legal aid, the participation of workers in the management of industries, and protection of the environment, forests, and wildlife.
• Provided for the creation of the All-India Judicial Service.
  

Shortened the procedure for disciplinary action by taking away the right of a civil servant to make representation at the second stage after the inquiry (i.e., on the penalty proposed).

• It is often called a "mini-Constitution" or the "Constitution of Indira".

Additional Information

• There are three ways in which the Constitution can be amended:-
• Amendment by a simple majority of the Parliament
• Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament
• Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of at least half of the state legislatures.
• Amendment by a simple majority-
• Admission or establishment of new states, Formation of new states, Rules of procedure in Parliament, Salaries and Allowances, etc are covered under this.
• Amendment by the special majority-
• The special majority- a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting supported by more than 50% of the total strength of the house.
• The provisions which can be amended by this way include (i) Fundamental Rights; (ii) Directive Principles of State Policy; and (iii) All other provisions which are not covered by the first and third categories.
• Amendment by a special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of at least half of the state legislatures-
• Those provisions of the Constitution which are related to the federal structure of the polity can be amended by this.
• For instance, the election of the president, distribution of legislative powers between union and states, any of the lists in the seventh schedule, etc.

The logic followed here is :-

'BHAKTI' is coded as 'GSIZFA'. 

Similarly,

'BIKCER' will be coded as :

Hence, the correct answer is "PDAJGA".

Given:

Statements:

1. Some schools are hotels.

2. All hotels are plots.

3. No plot is a bike.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

1. No hotel is a bike → True (Because all hotels are plots and no plot is a bike)

2. All schools are bikes it is possible → False (Because some schools are plots and no plots are bike so at least some schools are not bike)

3. Some schools are plots → True (Because some schools are hotels and all hotels are plots so definitely some schools are plots)

Hence, “Conclusion 1 and 3 both follow”.

According to the options, 

1. 52 → 5 + 2 = 7

2. 205 → 2 + 0 + 5 = 7

3. 115 → 1 + 1 + 5 = 7

4. 36 → 3 + 6 = 9.

Hence, '35' is odd one.

The pattern/logic followed here is:

L + 2 = N; N + 3 = Q; Q + 4 = U; U + 5 = Z

B + 3 = E; E + 4 = I; I + 5 = N; N + 6 = T

X + 4 = B; B + 5 = G; G + 6 = M; M + 7 = T

Hence, ZTT will complete the incomplete series.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Number of letters in the given word × 12 = Code for the word

'WASTE' is coded as '60' 

• 5 × 12 = 60

'BRANDED' is coded as '84'

• 7 × 12 = 84

Similarly,

'CEILINGFANS' 

• 11 × 12 = 132

Hence, '132' is the correct answer.

When the folded paper is opened, the cuts will appear as follow:

Hence, the correct answer is the figure in option (1).

The pattern/logic followed here is:

A + 1 = B; B + 2 = D; D + 3 = G; G + 4 = K; K + 5 = P; P + 6 = V

L + 1 = M; M + 2 = O; O + 3 = R; R + 4 = V; V + 5 = A; A + 6 = G

T + 1 = U; U + 2 = W; W + 3 = Z; Z + 4 = D; D + 5 = I; I + 6 = O

O + 1 = P; P + 2 = R; R + 3 = U; U + 4 = Y; Y + 5 = D; D + 6 = J

Hence, VGOJ will complete the incomplete series.

The pattern followed here is:

1) Movement of bottom and middle figure → Bottom middle figures are shifted towards one step upside, and the middle figure and left side middle figure is also shifted towards one step upside.

2) Appear disappear figure → Bottom figures disappear and appear new figures in the next figures. The right-side middle figure disappears and the uppermost middle figure is shifted toward the right middle side.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given series: B3H, F9N, J27T, N81Z, ?

The pattern followed here is,

⇒ B + 4 = F; F + 4 = J; J + 4 = N; N + 4 = R

⇒ 3; 3² = 9; 3³ = 27; 3⁴ = 81; 3⁵ = 243

⇒ H + 6 = N; N + 6 = T; T + 6 = Z; Z + 6 = F

Hence, R243F will be the next term.

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, PTVZ is the odd-one.

The original cube is cut into 64 cubes as :

There are 4 horizontal layers one above the other having 16 cubes each .

1st Layer : It has all the cubes painted. So, no. of two faces painted cubes = 8 (2 cubes on each edge)

2nd Layer : Cubes that are part of faces of big cube are painted. So, no. of two faces painted cubes = 4 (Cubes in 4 corners)

3rd Layer : Cubes that are part of faces of big cube are painted. So, no. of two faces painted cubes = 4 (Cubes in 4 corners)

4th Layer : It has all the cubes painted. So, no. of two faces painted cubes = 8 (2 cubes on each edge)

Total no. of cubes which have two painted faces = 8 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 24

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

For a cube of side n × n × n painted on all sides which is uniformly cut into smaller cubes of dimension 1 × 1 × 1,

Number of cubes with 0 side painted = (n-2)3

Number of cubes with 1 side painted = 6(n - 2)2

Number of cubes with 2 sides painted = 12(n-2)

Number of cubes with 3 sides painted = 8(always)

Total no. of cubes which have two painted faces = 12 (4 - 2) = 24

Given entities: Corona, Virus, Micro-organism, Ant.

CONCEPT:

We know that corona is a virus and belongs to the category of micro-organisms.

Ant is not a micro organism, hence can't be grouped with them.

Then the relation between them can be represented as below:

Hence this is the correct representation of the above entities.

The logic followed here is

11 × 12 = 132

12 × 13 = 156

13 × 14 = 182

14 × 15 = 210

15 × 16 = 240

16 × 17 = 272

Therefore, the next term will be,

17 × 18 = 306

Hence, the correct answer is 306.

The pattern followed here is:

9 × 2 = 18

18 × 3 = 54

54 × 4 = 216 not 182

216 × 5 = 1080

1080 × 6 = 6480

Hence, 182 is the wrong term in the series.

Out of a total number of employees, 40% of employees are males.

Let the total number of employees be 100%, then

The remaining females = 100% - 40% = 60%

According to the question,

Total number of females = 2400

60% = 2400

⇒ 1% = 40

Number of male employes = 40%

⇒ 40% = 40 × 40

⇒ 1600

Hence, the correct answer is "1600".

Given: (Left) & X Y # F K & 3 T & * 8 W ¥ % ^ D U G $ϵ ϕ$ 5 S @ J (Right)

Numbers immediately preceded by a symbol and immediately followed by a consonant:

The pattern should be:- Symbol - Number - Consonant

Now,

(Left) & X Y # F K & 3 T & *** 8 W** ¥ % ^ D U G $ ϵ ϕ $ 5 S @ J (Right)

Thus there are 3 such numbers that are immediately preceded by a symbol and immediately followed by a consonant.

The pairs are: & 3 T,  * 8 W,  $ 5 S

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

According to the given information,

Thus, according to the given codes 'Mn' is the code for the word 'niece'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mn".

Given:

P ≤ T < N; J < R ≥ P > C = K

On Combining:

J < R ≥ P ≤ T < N

Conclusions:

1. J ≥ T → False (as J < R ≥ P ≤ T; thus, a clear relation between J and T cannot be established)
2. P > N → False (as P ≤ T < N; thus, P < N)
3. N ≤ R → False (as R ≥ P ≤ T < N; thus, a clear relation between N and R cannot be established)

4. R > C → True (as R ≥ P > C)

Hence, “R > C” is definitely true among the given options.

1. B faces the person who seat second to the right of R. 2. P is adjacent to R. 3. P does not sit any extreme end.

4. C is second to the right of D.
5. S does not seat at any of the corner. R faces A.

Hence, Case-1 is eliminated.

Hence, S its second to the right of R.

The code for each word is shown below:

Clearly, 'come' is written as 'fi' in the given language.

Hence, 'fi' is the correct answer.

In MKQO : LNPR

M - 1 = L : K + 3 = N : Q - 1 = P : O + 3 = R

Similarly:

Y – 1 = X : S + 3 = V : U – 1 = T : W + 3 = Z

Hence, MKQO : LNPR :: YSUW: XVTZ

Arranging them according to the given information,

Romanian captain sits third to the left of the Tunisian captain.

The Iran captain sits third to the left of the Romanian captain.

Only two people sit between the Iran captain and Brazil captain.

Neither the Iran captain nor Brazil captain is an immediate neighbour of the Romanian captain.

The captain of Cuba sits second to the right of the China captain.

China captain is not an immediate neighbour of the Romanian captain.

Captains of Serbia and Germany are not immediate neighbours.

Serbia captain sits third to the left of the China captain.

There are three persons sitting between the captain of China and Romania in clockwise direction.

Hence, “three” is the correct answer.

Statements:

1. All cars are equipment.

2. Some bikes are cars.

3. Some cars are begs.

4. All begs are books.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

1. Some bikes are begs → False (It is possible but not definite)

2. Some books are bikes → False (It is possible but not definite)

3. All begs are equipment → False (It is possible but not definite)

4. Some books are equipment → True (because some cars are begs and all begs are books so some books are also equipment)

Hence, “Only conclusions 4 follows”.

Logic :

1. First and last letters → Position value according to the English alphabetic series is written diagonally.
2. Second and third letters → (1) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series diagonally.

So,

• 'UKSH' is written as '8TL21'

​

​Similarly,

• 'GAIN' will be written as :

​  

​Hence, "ONSLBK" is the correct answer.

Let's solve the given series using BODMAS rule in each option;

By using BODMAS Rule:

Checking options one by one:-

(1) ÷, =, +, +, − →

(279 ÷ 9) = 46 + 24 + (13 - 3)

31 = 46 + 24 + 10

31 ≠  80

LHS is not equal to RHS.

Replacing * sign with

(2) −, ×, =, −, ÷ →

(279 - 9) × 46 = 24 - (13 ÷ 3)

31 × 46 = 24 - 4.33

1426 ≠ 19.67

LHS is not equal to RHS.

Replacing * sign with

(3) ÷, =, +, −, × →

(279 ÷ 9) = 46 + 24 - (13 × 3)

31 = 46 + 24 - 39

31 = 70 - 39

31 = 31

LHS is equal to RHS.

Replacing * sign with

(4) ×, =, −, ÷, − →

(279 × 9) = 46 - 24 ÷ (13 - 3)

2511 = 46 - 24 ÷ 10

2511 = 46 - 2.4

2511 ≠  44.4

LHS is not equal to RHS.

Hence, the correct answer is " ÷, =, +, −, × ".

At 1 O'clock the hour hand is at 1 and the minute hand is at 12.

Thus, they are 5 min spaces apart.

To be together, the minute hand must gain 5 min over the hour hand.

55 min is gained by the minute hand in 60 min.

5 min will be gained by it in = (60/55 x 5) = 60/11 = (5\frac{5}{{11}})

The time when the hands of the clock will meet together between 1 and 2 O'clock is (1:5\frac{5}{{11}})

Hence, (1:5\frac{5}{{11}}) is the correct answer.

 While using the formula: (30H - {11M\over 2})

Here, H = 1 & M = ? (We have to find the value of M).

30 x 1 - ({11M\over 2})

= 30 - ({11M\over 2})

= ({11\over 2} M = 30 )

= 11M = 60

= M = (60\over 11)

= M = (5\frac{5}{{11}})

The time when the hands of the clock will meet between 1 and 2 O'clock is (1:5\frac{5}{{11}})

The logic followed here is:

Position of Rakesh from the right = 17th

Position of Ankit from the left = 15th

After interchanging, Position of Ankit from the left = 19th

So,

Total number of students = Position of Rakesh from the right + Position of Ankit from the left after interchange - 1

= 17 + 19 - 1

= 36 - 1 = 35.

Hence, the total number of students in the line are 35.

5. leadworts
6. leafleted
7. leafworms
8. Leaguered
9. leapfrogs

Therefore, 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 is correct order.

Angle: There are two types of angles that are made by the hands of a clock.

1) Internal Angle:- Angle between two needles (Hour and Minute hands of a clock) is less than 180º

2) External Angle:- Angle between two needles (Hour and Minute hands of a clock) is more than 180º

To find the angle between the hands of the clock,

Angle =  | Hour × 30 - 11 ÷ 2 × Minute |

Given,

Hour = 12

Minute = 30

Substitute the value of Hour and minute in the above formula.

Angle = | 12 × 30 - 11 ÷ 2 × 30 |

Angle = | 360 - 11 × 15 |

Angle = | 360 - 165 |

Angle = | 195  |

Angle =  195º (More than 180º) 

Angle = 360º - 195º

Angle = 165º (Less than 180º)            

Hence, 165º is the correct answer.

Here, in each pair Vitamin or mineral is followed by the disease caused due to deficiency of the given Vitamin .

Vitamin D – Rickets

Vitamin C – Scurvy

Vitamin A – Night blindness

Iodine – Goiter  

Vitamin B1 – Beriberi   

Hence, Vitamin D – Beriberi is the odd word.

Birds: Flock → a group of birds is called flock (collective noun)

Similarly,

Locusts: Swarm → a group of locusts is called swarm (collective noun)

Hence, ‘Locusts: Swarm’ share the same relation as above.

Below table represents symbols used to draw a family tree,

Based on given data, we can draw family tree-

Here right side person is husband of Puja and left side person is mother-in-law of Puja.

Hence, Puja’s left and right side person are mother and son of each other.

According to the question, the diagram will be as follows:

Applying Pythagoras theorem,

AC² = AB² + BC²

AC² = 4² + 3² 

AC = √16 + 9

AC = √25

AC = 5 km

Hence, the shortest distance between her final position and his friend's house is 5 km.

Here the logic is:

Positional value of each letter is multiplied and if the positional value of any letter is two digit number then its sum of the digit is multiplied.

TEN → (2 + 0) × 5 × (1 + 4)

= 2 × 5 × 5

= 50 

Similarly, 

CUP → 3 × (2 + 1) × (1 + 6)

= 3 × 3 × 7

= 63

Hence, 63 is the correct answer.

According to the English alphabet series and its positional value:

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the next term is 256T20.

Shortcut Trick

Runs scored in 30 overs = 30 × 5 = 150 runs.

Runs required in remaining 20 overs = 20 × 10 = 200 runs.

Target for the chasing team = 150 + 200 = 350 runs.

First team score = Target − 1 = 350 − 1 = 349 runs.

∴ The correct answer is 349.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total overs = 50

Current progress = 30 overs at 5 runs/over

Remaining requirement = 20 overs at 10 runs/over

Calculations:

⇒ Current Score = 30 × 5 = 150 runs

⇒ Remaining Runs Needed = (50 − 30) × 10 = 20 × 10 = 200 runs

⇒ Total Target = 150 + 200 = 350 runs

⇒ Since the Target is always 1 run more than the First Team Score:

⇒ First Team Score = 350 − 1 = 349 runs

∴ The correct answer is 349.

Additional Information

Run Rate Calculation

Run Rate = Total Runs ÷ Total Overs. It represents the average runs scored per over.

Required Run Rate

Required Run Rate = Remaining Runs Needed ÷ Remaining Overs. This is the pace needed to reach the target.

Target vs Score

In limited-overs cricket, the Target for the team batting second is always (First Team Score + 1).

Shortcut Trick

The winning candidate got 64% of the total votes.

The losing candidate got (100% − 64%) = 36% of the total votes.

Difference in vote percentage = 64% − 36% = 28%

Given, 28% of total votes = 434

Total votes = 434 × (100 ÷ 28) = 1550

∴ The correct answer is 1550.

Alternate Method

Given:

Votes polled by the winning candidate = 64%

Winning margin = 434 votes

Total votes percentage = 100%

Total Votes = 100%

Winner (64%)

Loser (36%)

Difference = 64% − 36% = 28%

28% → 434 votes

Calculations:

⇒ Votes polled by the losing candidate = 100% − 64% = 36%

⇒ Difference in percentage = 64% − 36% = 28%

Since the winning margin is 434 votes:

⇒ 28% of Total Votes = 434

⇒ 1% of Total Votes = 434 ÷ 28 = 15.5

⇒ Total Votes (100%) = 15.5 × 100 = 1550

∴ The correct answer is 1550.

Additional Information

Valid and Invalid Votes

When certain votes are declared invalid, the percentage calculations are usually based on valid votes. Total Valid Votes = Total Votes Polled − Invalid Votes.

Percentage Change and Base

In election problems, percentages are calculated with respect to the total voter base unless stated otherwise. The winning margin is always the difference in percentages between the winner and the loser.

Successive Percentage Shift

When counting the active voting population: Final Valid Votes = Total Registered Voters × (1 − Non-voters%) × (1 − Invalid%).

Given:

The sum of two numbers is 680.

The bigger number is decreased by 15% and the smaller number is increased by 15%.

Calculation:

Let the bigger number be Q.

Smaller number = (680 - Q)

​According to the question,

Q(1 - 15%) = (680 - Q)(1 + 15%)

⇒ Q/(680 - Q) = 23/17

⇒ 17Q = 23 × 680  - 23Q

⇒ 40Q = 23 × 680

⇒ Q = 23 × 17

⇒ Q = 391

So, the smaller number = 680 - 391 = 289

∴ The smaller number is 289.

Shortcut Trick

Total cost of 12 tables = 12 × 50 = ₹600.

Remaining budget for chairs = 5000 − 600 = ₹4400.

Number of chairs purchased = 4400 ÷ 40 = 110.

Required ratio (Chairs : Tables) = 110 : 12 = 55 : 6.

∴ The correct answer is 55 : 6.

Alternate Method

Given: Total expenditure = ₹5000, Number of tables = 12, Price of one table = ₹50, Price of one chair = ₹40.

⇒ Total amount spent on tables = 12 × 50 = ₹600.

⇒ Total amount spent on chairs = 5000 − 600 = ₹4400.

⇒ Number of chairs = 4400 ÷ 40 = 110.

⇒ Ratio of chairs to tables = 110 : 12.

⇒ Dividing both by the common factor 2: Ratio = 55 : 6.

∴ The correct answer is 55 : 6.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. If a and b are two quantities of the same kind, the ratio is a : b or a/b.

Expenditure Formula

Total Expenditure = (Price₁ × Quantity₁) + (Price₂ × Quantity₂) + ...

Simplifying Ratios

To simplify a ratio, divide both terms by their Highest Common Factor (HCF). For example, 110 and 12 have an HCF of 2, so 110/2 : 12/2 = 55 : 6.

Given:

Present age of A is 11 years more than the Present age of B

After 5 years, The age of A will be 4 times of what B was 2 years ago

Calculation:

Present age A = B + 11

After 5 years, 

A + 5 = 4 × (B - 2)

∵ A = B + 11 ,

B + 11 + 5 = 4 × (B - 2)

⇒ B + 16 = (4 × B) - 8 

⇒ 3 × B = 24

∴ B = 8

⇒ A's present age = B + 11 = 8 + 11 = 19 years

GIVEN:

Population of a village increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in 5 years.

FORMULA USED:

Average  = sum of terms/number of terms

SOLUTION:

Increased Population = 262500 - 175000

Increased Population = 87500

Increased % = 87500 / 175000 × 100

Increased % = 50%

Average percentage increase in the population per year = 50%/5 = 10%.

Hence option 3 is the correct answer.

According to the given information,

Ratio of 1 Re, 50p and 10p coins = 6 : 3 : 2

Let’s assume number of 1 Re. coins to be ‘6x’

Then, number of 50p coins = 3x andnumber of 10p coins = 2x

Total sum of money in bag = Rs. 30.80

⇒ 1(6x) + 0.5(3x) + 0.1(2x) = 30.8

⇒ 6x + 1.5x + 0.2x = 30.8

⇒ 7.7x = 30.8

⇒ x = 30.8/7.7 = 4

∴ Number of 50p coins = 3x = 3 × 4 = 12

Let the monthly income of A and B be 3x and 4x

And the monthly expenditures be 2y and 3y

Saving = income – expenditure

4000 = 4x – 3y     ...1)

Similarly,

4000 = 3x – 2y      ...2)

From 2 × (1) – 3 × (2)

8000 – 12000 = 8x – 9x

x = 4000

The income of B = 4x = 16000

∴ The income of B is 16000.

Short method,

Given:

Sonu is driving a car at a speed of 20 m/s = 20 × 18/5 = 72 km/h;

Distance = 936 km

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation:

Using the above formulae, we have

⇒ Time = 936/72 = 13 hr

∴ Sonu will cover 936 km in 13 hours.

Given:

A can do a piece of work in 12 days while B alone can do it in 8 days

Formula used:

The efficiency of a person is the inverse of the time taken

Calculation:

Let the total time taken together by both of them = t

Then, time taken by 

( \dfrac{1}{t} = \dfrac{1}{12} + \dfrac{1}{8})

⇒ 1/t = 5/24

⇒ t = 24/5 

Then time taken for 5 times of the work = ( \dfrac{24}{5} \times 5)

∴ Together they can finish 5 times of work in 24 days

According to question

0.32x + y = 1.24y

⇒ 0.32x = 0.24y

⇒ x = 0.75y

now, The value of (\frac{2x + y}{3x - y})  = (\frac{2(0.75y) + y}{3(0.75y) - y}) = (\frac{2.5y}{1.25y}) = 2

Concept:

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Calculations:

⇒ (5115 ÷ 15) + (4864 ÷ 19) – (5110 ÷ 14)

(= \frac{{5115}}{{15}} + \frac{{4864}}{{19}} - \frac{{5110}}{{14}})

= 341 + 256 - 365

= 232

∴ ? = 232

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below:

Now,

Calculations:

Considering the given equation

(\sqrt {22 + \sqrt {5 + \sqrt {\left( {20 \div 4 + 12 - 1} \right)} } } = ?)

( \Rightarrow \sqrt {22 + \sqrt {5 + \sqrt {\left( {5 + 12 - 1} \right)} } } = ?)

( \Rightarrow \sqrt {22 + \sqrt {5 + \sqrt {16} } } = ?)

( \Rightarrow \sqrt {22 + \sqrt {5 + 4} } = ?)

( \Rightarrow \sqrt {22 + \sqrt 9 } = ?)

({ \Rightarrow \sqrt {22 + 3} = ?})

({ \Rightarrow \sqrt {25} = ?})

({ \Rightarrow\ ? = 5})

Shortcut Trick

Total capacity (LCM of 40, 50) = 200 units.

Efficiency of Tap A = 5 units/hr; Efficiency of Tap B = 4 units/hr.

Since the tank is filled in 25 hr, Tap B worked for the entire 25 hr.

Work done by Tap B = 4 × 25 = 100 units.

Remaining work done by Tap A = 200 − 100 = 100 units.

Time for which Tap A was open = 100 ÷ 5 = 20 hr.

∴ The correct answer is 20 hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by Tap A = 40 hr

Time taken by Tap B = 50 hr

Total time to fill the tank = 25 hr

Formula:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Total Work (LCM of 40 and 50) = 200 units

⇒ Efficiency of Tap A = 200 ÷ 40 = 5 units/hr

⇒ Efficiency of Tap B = 200 ÷ 50 = 4 units/hr

⇒ Let Tap A be closed after 'x' hours.

⇒ Work by A in x hr + Work by B in 25 hr = Total Work

⇒ (5 × x) + (4 × 25) = 200

⇒ 5x + 100 = 200

⇒ 5x = 100

⇒ x = 100 ÷ 5 = 20 hr

∴ The correct answer is 20 hr.

Additional Information

LCM Method for Efficiency

Efficiency is the amount of work done in unit time. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken. Total work is usually taken as the LCM of individual times.

Combined Work Principle

If multiple taps work for different durations, the sum of their individual work (Efficiency × Duration) must equal the total capacity of the tank.

Inlet and Outlet Taps

Inlet taps perform positive work (filling), while outlet taps (leaks) perform negative work (emptying) in the calculation of total efficiency.

Concept Used:

Calculation:

40 - 2(12 + 13 ÷ 5 × 3 - 5 × 2) + 19

⇒ 40 - 2(12 + 39/5 - 5 × 2) + 19

⇒ 40 - 2(12 + 7.8 - 10) + 19

⇒ 40 - 2(19.8 - 10) + 19

⇒ 40 - 2 × 9.8 + 19

⇒ 40 - 19.6 + 19

⇒ 59 - 19.6

⇒ 39.4

Shortcut Trick

Time taken to cover Bridge length only = Total time − Time to cross board

Time for 204 m = 52 s − 18 s = 34 s

Speed of train = 204 ÷ 34 = 6 m/s

Length of train = Speed × Time taken to cross board

Length = 6 × 18 = 108 m

∴ The correct answer is 108 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of bridge = 204 m

Time to cross bridge (t₁) = 52 s

Time to cross board (t₂) = 18 s

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Train (L)

Board (Point) Case 1: Crossing Board (18 s)

Train (L) Bridge (204 m) Case 2: Crossing Bridge (52 s)

Let the length of the train be L meters and speed be v m/s.

⇒ When crossing a board (point object): Speed (v) = L ÷ 18

⇒ When crossing a bridge: Speed (v) = (L + 204) ÷ 52

⇒ Since speed is constant: L ÷ 18 = (L + 204) ÷ 52

⇒ 52 × L = 18 × (L + 204)

⇒ 52L = 18L + 3672

⇒ 52L − 18L = 3672

⇒ 34L = 3672

⇒ L = 3672 ÷ 34

⇒ L = 108 m

∴ The correct answer is 108 m.

Additional Information

Crossing Point Objects

When a train crosses a pole, person, or board, the distance covered equals the length of the train (L).

Crossing Stationary Objects with Length

When a train crosses a bridge, platform, or tunnel, the total distance covered = length of train (L) + length of object (B).

Unit Conversion

To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/hr, multiply by 18/5.

Shortcut Trick

Total work (LCM of 55, 66, and 12) = 660 units.

Combined efficiency of A, B, and C = 660 ÷ 12 = 55 units/day.

Individual efficiencies: A = 660 ÷ 55 = 12 units/day; B = 660 ÷ 66 = 10 units/day.

Efficiency of C = 55 − (12 + 10) = 33 units/day.

Time taken by C alone = 660 ÷ 33 = 20 days.

∴ The correct answer is 20 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 55 days

Time taken by B = 66 days

Time taken by (A + B + C) = 12 days

Formula Used: Total Work = Efficiency × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of A = 660 ÷ 55 = 12

⇒ Efficiency of B = 660 ÷ 66 = 10

⇒ Efficiency of (A + B + C) = 660 ÷ 12 = 55

⇒ Efficiency of C = Eff(A+B+C) − Eff(A) − Eff(B)

⇒ Efficiency of C = 55 − 12 − 10 = 33

⇒ Time taken by C = Total Work ÷ Efficiency of C

⇒ Time = 660 ÷ 33 = 20 days

∴ The correct answer is 20 days.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete the work. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time.

Combined Work Formula

If three people A, B, and C can complete a work in a, b, and c days respectively, their combined efficiency is 1/a + 1/b + 1/c.

Pipes and Cisterns

This concept is identical to Time and Work, where an inlet pipe has positive efficiency and an outlet pipe (leak) has negative efficiency.

Given:

(1/4)th of a journey travel with speed = 16 km/h

(3/4)th of a journey travel with speed = 8 km/h

Total time taken to cover the journey = 14 hours

Formula used:

Time = Distance/Speed

Calculation:

Let the total distance is x km

⇒ [(x/4)]/16] + [(3x/4)/8] = 14

⇒ (x/64) + (3x/32) = 14

⇒ (x + 6x)/64 = 14

⇒ 7x/64 = 14

⇒ x = (14 × 64)/7

⇒ x = 128 km

Total distance travel by train is 128 km

Shortcut Trick

To find the H.C.F of fractions, calculate the H.C.F of numerators divided by the L.C.M of denominators.

Numerators (3, 4, 7): Since these numbers have no common factor other than 1, H.C.F = 1.

Denominators (4, 5, 60): Since 60 is exactly divisible by 4 and 5, L.C.M = 60.

Result = H.C.F of Numerators ÷ L.C.M of Denominators = 1 / 60.

∴ The correct answer is 1 / 60.

Alternate Method

Given: Fractions are 3/4, 4/5, and 7/60.

Formula Used: H.C.F of Fractions = [H.C.F of Numerators] / [L.C.M of Denominators]

⇒ Numerators are 3, 4, and 7.

⇒ Factors of 3 = 1, 3

⇒ Factors of 4 = 1, 2, 4

⇒ Factors of 7 = 1, 7

⇒ H.C.F of Numerators = 1

⇒ Denominators are 4, 5, and 60.

⇒ Multiples of 4 include 60 (4 × 15 = 60).

⇒ Multiples of 5 include 60 (5 × 12 = 60).

⇒ L.C.M of Denominators = 60

⇒ Required H.C.F = 1 / 60.

∴ The correct answer is 1 / 60.

Additional Information

L.C.M of Fractions

To find the Least Common Multiple of fractions: L.C.M of Fractions = [L.C.M of Numerators] ÷ [H.C.F of Denominators].

H.C.F and L.C.M Relationship

For any two numbers 'a' and 'b', the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their H.C.F and L.C.M: a × b = H.C.F(a, b) × L.C.M(a, b).

Co-prime Numbers

If two or more numbers have only 1 as their common factor (H.C.F = 1), they are called co-prime numbers.

Shortcut Trick

Each pair of terms (1 − 2), (3 − 4), (5 − 6) results in −1.

Total number of terms = 100.

Total number of pairs = 100 ÷ 2 = 50 pairs.

Value of expression = 50 × (−1) = −50.

∴ The correct answer is -50.

Alternate Method

Given: 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + 5 − 6 ..... to 100 terms.

Formula Used: Sum of Arithmetic Progression (AP) = (n÷2)[2a + (n−1)d]

Calculations:

Separate the positive and negative terms into two series:

⇒ Sum = (1 + 3 + 5 + ... to 50 terms) − (2 + 4 + 6 + ... to 50 terms)

⇒ Positive series: n = 50, a = 1, d = 2

⇒ Sum_pos = (50÷2)[2(1) + (50−1)2] = 25[2 + 98] = 25 × 100 = 2500

⇒ Negative series: n = 50, a = 2, d = 2

⇒ Sum_neg = (50÷2)[2(2) + (50−1)2] = 25[4 + 98] = 25 × 102 = 2550

⇒ Total Sum = 2500 − 2550 = −50

∴ The correct answer is -50.

Additional Information

Sum of First n Odd Numbers

The sum of the first n odd natural numbers is always given by the formula n².

Sum of First n Even Numbers

The sum of the first n even natural numbers is given by the formula n(n + 1).

Alternating Sum of first n terms

For an alternating series 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 ..., if n is even, the sum is −n/2. If n is odd, the sum is (n+1)/2.

Average marks of division A = 75

New average marks of division A = 75 - 5 = 70

∴ % decrement = 5/75 × 100 = 100/15 = 6.67%

∴ Marks of division F were lesser than that of Division C by = (80 - 45)/80 × 100 = 43.75%

45 is the lowest marks scored by F

So 50 is the 2^nd lowest marks that is scored by G.

Ratio of average marks = Marks scored by Div. D : Marks scored by Div. A

∴ Ratio of average marks = 60 : 75 = 4 : 5

Shortcut Trick

For semi-annual compounding, rate r = 10% ÷ 2 = 5% and periods n = 2 × 2 = 4.

Use the Ratio Method for 4 periods → 4 : 6 : 4 : 1

1st part: 5% of 1,60,000 = 8,000 | 2nd: 5% of 8,000 = 400 | 3rd: 5% of 400 = 20 | 4th: 5% of 20 = 1

CI = (8,000 × 4) + (400 × 6) + (20 × 4) + (1 × 1) = 32,000 + 2,400 + 80 + 1 = ₹34,481.

∴ The correct answer is ₹34,481.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹1,60,000, Rate (R) = 10% p.a., Time (T) = 2 years.

For semi-annual compounding, the rate is halved and time is doubled:

⇒ Effective Rate (r) = 10% ÷ 2 = 5% per half-year.

⇒ Number of periods (n) = 2 × 2 = 4 half-years.

Formula: Amount (A) = P × (1 + r/100)ⁿ

⇒ A = 1,60,000 × (1 + 5/100)⁴

⇒ A = 1,60,000 × (21/20)⁴

⇒ A = 1,60,000 × (194481 ÷ 160000)

⇒ A = ₹1,94,481

⇒ Compound Interest (CI) = A − P

⇒ CI = 1,94,481 − 1,60,000 = ₹34,481

∴ The correct answer is ₹34,481.

Additional Information

Compounding Periods

If interest is compounded quarterly, the rate becomes R/4 and time becomes 4T. For monthly, it is R/12 and 12T.

Effective Rate of Interest

When compounded semi-annually, the effective annual rate is (1 + r/200)² − 1. Here, 5% twice gives 10.25% annually.

CI vs SI for 2 Years

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years is given by the formula: Difference = P × (R/100)².

Shortcut Trick

Initial profit = 20% of CP = 20% of ₹560 = ₹112.

If no discount is given, the selling price equals the marked price.

New profit = Initial profit + Discount given = 112 + 28 = ₹140.

New Gain % = (New Profit ÷ CP) × 100% = (140 ÷ 560) × 100% = 25%.

∴ The correct answer is 25%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹560

Discount = ₹28

Gain % after discount = 20%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 + Gain%) ÷ 100

Marked Price (MP) = SP + Discount

Gain % = [(New SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100

CP: ₹560 SP: ₹672 MP: ₹700

Profit = ₹112 (20%) Discount = ₹28 New Profit = ₹140 (25%)

Calculation:

⇒ SP = 560 × (100 + 20) ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 560 × 1.2 = ₹672

⇒ MP = 672 + 28 = ₹700

If the article is sold at the marked price, the new selling price is ₹700.

⇒ New Gain = 700 − 560 = ₹140

⇒ New Gain % = (140 ÷ 560) × 100 = 25%

∴ The correct answer is 25%.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

It is the price printed on an article. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price, not on the Cost Price.

Successive Discounts

If multiple discounts d₁% and d₂% are given, the equivalent single discount % = d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂) ÷ 100.

Relation between CP and MP

CP × (100 + Profit%) = MP × (100 − Discount%). This is useful for directly finding CP or MP without calculating the Selling Price.

Formula used:

Area of circle = π r²

Circumference of circle = 2 π r

The perimeter of the square = 4 × Side

Calculation:

Side of square = 22 cm

Perimeter of square = 4 × Side = 4 × 22 = 88cm

Circumference of circle = 2πr

2πr = 88

r = 14 cm

Area of circle = πr² = 616 cm²

We know that

(\frac{{MP}}{{CP}} = \frac{{100; + ;Profit}}{{100; - ;discount}})

(\Rightarrow ;\frac{{MP}}{{CP}} = \frac{{140}}{{80}}{\rm{}} = \frac{{140x}}{{80x}})

Case 2

If article sold at 10% discount then

SP = 140x – 10% of 140x = 126x

Profit = SP – CP = 126x – 80x = 46x

∴ Profit % = ((\frac{{46x}}{{80x}})) × 100 = 57.50%

Given:

Rate = 25%

Time = 6

Formula used:

SI =(PRT)/100

Here,

P = Sum

R = rate

T = time

Calculation:

Let the amount lent be Rs. y

According to the question,

360 + y = (y × 6 × 25)/100

⇒ 360 + y = 1.5y

⇒ 360 = 1.5y - y

⇒ 360 = 0.5y

⇒ y = 720

∴ The sum lent is Rs. 720.

Given:

C.P = Rs. 5400

C.P = Cost Price

Calculation:

According to the question,

(5400 × (\dfrac{2}{3}) × 8%) + (1800 × x%) = (5400 × 18%) 

⇒ (3600 × 8%) + (1800 × x%) = (5400 × 18%)

⇒ 288 + 18x = 54 × 18

⇒ 288 + 18x = 972

⇒ 18x = 972 - 288

⇒ x = 684/18

⇒ x = 38

∴ The correct answer is 38%.

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = (Investment_A × Time_A) : (Investment_B × Time_B)

5 : 9 = (I_A × 8) : (36,000 × 12)

I_A = (5 ÷ 9) × (36,000 × 12 ÷ 8)

I_A = 5 × 4,000 × 1.5 = 30,000

∴ The correct answer is 30,000.

Alternate Method

Given: Investment of B = Rs. 36,000 | Time for A = 8 months | Time for B = 12 months | Profit Ratio A : B = 5 : 9

Formula Used: Profit = Investment × Time

⇒ Profit_A ÷ Profit_B = (Inv_A × Time_A) ÷ (Inv_B × Time_B)

⇒ 5 ÷ 9 = (I_A × 8) ÷ (36,000 × 12)

⇒ 5 ÷ 9 = (8 × I_A) ÷ 432,000

⇒ 8 × I_A × 9 = 5 × 432,000

⇒ 72 × I_A = 2,160,000

⇒ I_A = 2,160,000 ÷ 72

⇒ I_A = 30,000

∴ The correct answer is 30,000.

Additional Information

Profit Distribution Rule

In any partnership, the ratio of profits is directly proportional to the product of capital invested and the time duration: P₁ : P₂ = C₁T₁ : C₂T₂.

Capital Calculation

If profits and time periods are known, the ratio of investments is: C₁ : C₂ = (P₁/T₁) : (P₂/T₂).

Working vs Sleeping Partner

A working partner manages the business and may receive a salary or fixed percentage of profit before the remaining profit is divided based on the investment ratio.

Given:

Volume of cube = 4913 cm³

Formula used:

Total Surface area of cuboid = 2LB +2LH + 2HB

Total surface area of cube = 6side²

Calculation:

Volume of cube = 4913 cm³

Side of cube = 17 cm

After joining new measurement of cuboid,

⇒ L = 34, B = 17, H = 17

Surface area of cuboid = 2 × 34 × 17 + 2 × 34 × 17 + 2 × 17 × 17

⇒ 2890

Total surface are of two cube = 2×6side²

⇒ 2 × 6 × 17 × 17

⇒ 3468

Difference = 3468 – 2890

⇒ 578

Concept:/Formula:

Calculation:

LCM of 12, 14, 21 and 28

⇒ 12 = 2 × 2 × 3

⇒ 14 = 2 × 7

⇒ 21 = 3 × 7

⇒ 28 = 2 × 2 × 7

LCM of 12, 14, 21 and 28 is = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 84

If remainder in each case is 7, then the required number = 84 + 7 = 91

Given:

(2.\overline{13}÷ 3.\overline{12})

Calculation:

Let x = (2.\overline{13})

Multiplying both sides by 100,

⇒ 100x = 213.13

Subtracting the first part from this, we get

⇒ 100x – x = 213.13 – 2.13

⇒ 99x = 211

⇒ x = (\frac{211}{99})

Let y = (3.\overline{12})

Multiplying both sides by 100,

⇒ 100y = 312.12

Subtracting the first part from this, we get

⇒ 100y – y = 312.12 – 3.12

⇒ 99y = 309

⇒ y = (\frac{309}{99})

⇒ Now, x ÷ y = (\frac{\frac{211}{99}}{\frac{309}{99}})= (\frac{211\times 99}{99\times 309})

⇒ x ÷ y = (\frac{211}{309})

∴ The required value of (2.\overline{13}÷ 3.\overline{12}) is (\frac{211}{309}).

Shortcut TrickIn numerator, subtract the non-recurring digit from the whole number.

In the denominator, no. of recurring digits = no. of 9's

⇒ (2.\overline{13}) = (213-2)/99 and (3.\overline{12}) = (312 - 3)/99

⇒  (2.\overline{13}÷ 3.\overline{12}) = {211/99} ÷ {309/99}

⇒ 211/309

Given:

The LCM of two numbers is 4225, 

The HCF is 13,

one number is 169

Concept used:

Product of  two numbers = (HCF × LCM) 

Calculation:

Let, another number be x

Then, (x) × 169 = 4225 × 13

⇒ x = (4225 × 13) / 169

⇒ x = 325

∴The other number is 325

'अढ़ाई दिन की हुकूमत' मुहावरे के उचित अर्थ है - कुछ दिनों की शानोशौकत

• अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points 

Important Points कुछ महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरा, अर्थ और उनके वाक्य प्रयोग:- 

Additional Information 

'जिसकी उत्पत्ति स्वयं हो' वाक्यांश के लिए सार्थक शब्द होगा- स्वयंभू

Key Points

• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

Important Pointsकुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

''अरे'' शब्‍द संबोधन कारक का चिह्न है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - अल्प

Key Points

• 'प्रचुर' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'अल्प' होगा।
• 'प्रचुर' का अर्थ- ​विपुल, बहुत अधिक।
• 'अल्प' का अर्थ- ​कम, थोड़ा, न्यून।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information    कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

अधिकरण कारक युक्त वाक्य है - हिमाचल में बहुत शांति है। 

Additional Information 

• कारक- संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के जिस रूप से वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों के साथ उनका (संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का) सम्बन्ध सूचित हो,
• उसे (उस रूप को) 'कारक' कहते हैं।

कारकों की पहचान के चिह्न व लक्षण- 

दिये गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर हमें हर परिस्थिति में आशा बनाए रखनी चाहिए। है।

Key Points

• 'आशा' एक स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा है।
• स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा के साथ क्रिया का रूप भी उसी के अनुरूप होना चाहिए। 'बनाए रखनी' सही रूप है क्योंकि यह स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा 'आशा' के साथ उपयुक्त है।
• 'परिस्थिति' भी स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा है, और इसका सही प्रयोग 'हर परिस्थिति में' है, न कि 'हर परिस्थितियों में'।

अन्य विकल्प:

• हमें हर परिस्थिति में आशा बनाया रखनी चाहिए' - यहाँ 'बनाया रखनी' गलत है, क्योंकि 'आशा' (स्त्रीलिंग) के साथ 'बनाए रखनी' सही होता है।
• 'हमें हर परिस्थितियों में आशा बनाए रखने चाहिए' - यहाँ 'परिस्थितियों' और 'बनाए रखने' गलत है। 'परिस्थिति' एकवचन में सही है, और 'बनाए रखने' स्त्रीलिंग संज्ञा के साथ असंगत है।
• 'हमें हर परिस्थिति में आशा बनाए रखना चाहिए' - यहाँ 'बनाए रखना' गलत है, क्योंकि 'आशा' (स्त्रीलिंग) के साथ 'बनाए रखनी' सही होता है।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - अनुपम

Key Points

• 'जिसकी उपमा नहीं दी जा सके' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा - अनुपम
• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के लिए सही वर्तनी होगा - लिखित

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - अध्यापक को यह पाठ लिखत में चाहिए।
• दिए गये वाक्य में वर्तनी प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'लिखत' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'लिखित' होना चाहिए। ('इ' की मात्रा सम्बन्धित त्रुटि है।)
• शुद्ध वाक्य - अध्यापक को यह पाठ लिखत में चाहिए।
• वर्तनी - भाषा के किसी शब्द को को लिखने में प्रयुक्त वर्णों के सही क्रम को वर्तनी कहते हैं।

Additional Information कुछ अशुद्ध शब्द और शुद्ध शब्द -

'निरपेक्ष' का विलोम शब्द है : सापेक्ष

Key Points

• 'निरपेक्ष' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'सापेक्ष' होगा।
• 'निरपेक्ष' का अर्थ- जिसे किसी बात की अपेक्षा या चाह न हो।
• 'सापेक्ष' का अर्थ- किसी की अपेक्षा करनेवाला।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information  कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

'छक्के छुड़ाना' मुहवारें का सही अर्थ "हरा देना" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरें- 

अगस्त्य का समुद्र पान मुहावरे का अर्थ "असंभव कार्य करना" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

Important Pointsअन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरें- 

कोष्ठक में दिए गए शब्द के तत्सम रूप का सही विकल्प है - तृण

Key Points

• वाक्य - पता नहीं कहाँ से एक (तिनका) तृण आकर आँख में चला गया जो अब दर्द दे रहा है।
• 'तृण' एक तत्सम शब्द है, जबकि इसका तद्भव शब्द 'तिनका' होगा।
• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम्र, इक्षु, गृह, उष्ट्र आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम, ईंख, घर, ऊँट आदि।​

अन्य विकल्प-​ 

Additional Information कुछ अन्य तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

'अन्‍वेषण' शब्‍द की वर्तनी शुध्‍द है। 

Key Points

• वर्तनी की दृष्टि से शुध्‍द शब्‍द 'अन्‍वेषण' है।
• अन्वेषण का अर्थ- खोजना और ढूँढ़ना।
• अन्‍वेषण शब्‍द के पर्यायवाची- अनुसंधान, खोज, जाँच, शोध, छानबीन, तहकीकात, तलाश आदि।
• अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍पों की वर्तनी अशुध्‍द हैं।

Important Points 

Additional Information 

'के लिए' संप्रदान कारक का चिह्न है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

Important Pointsअन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Additional Information