BPSC AE Paper 3 (General Studies) 2012 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is the Western Ghats

Key Points

Cardamom Hills are situated in the Western Ghats.

Western Ghats

• They are also known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, Anaimalai hills (Highest Peak-2695 m), and Cardamom hills in Kerala.
• They are an elevated and continuous range of mountains.
• The average elevation is about 1500 m.

Additional Information

Eastern Ghats

• They are a discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast.
• Rivers like Krishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi, Godavari erode the Eastern Ghats.
• It covers the regions of - Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Telangana.
• Some of the peaks of Eastern Ghats are- Jindaghara peak (Highest Peak - 1690 m), Arma Konda, Javadi Hills, Palconda Range, Nallamala Hills, Mahendragiri hills.

Himalayan Range

• They are made up of a chain of very high mountains from northern, northeastern, and western parts of India.
• They are divided into 3 ranges- The Himachal range, The Shiwaliks, and the Himadri range.

Central Ghats

• These regions are known to be one of the oldest landmasses of India.
• These a called Peninsular Plateau.
• Important hills are - Satpura Hills, and Vindhya Hills.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e New Delhi

Indira Gandhi International Airport is in New Delhi

Airport Authority of India (AAI)

• It is a statutory authority.
• It was founded on 1st April 1965.
• It works under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India.
• It is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining, and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India.
• Headquarters - New Delhi
• Chairman - Arvind Singh

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Sadbhavana Divas

Some of the Important days with themes are listed below:

The correct answer is option 1 i.e 5th April

• National Maritime Day is celebrated on 5th April.
• On this day in 1919, navigation history was created when SS Loyalty, the first ship of the Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd. journeyed to the United Kingdom.

Some of the Important days with themes are listed below: 

The correct answer is option 1 i.e World No-Smoking Day

Some of the Important days with themes are listed below:

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Silica.

• Silica is the basic ingredient of glass.

Glass

• It is a noncrystalline (amorphous), often transparent solid.
• It shows the characteristics of the structure of a supercooled liquid.
• It is mainly composed of Silica or Silicon dioxide SiO₂.

Important Points

Explanation:

The correct answer is option i.e 98.6 °F

The normal body temperature of the human body is 37 °C which equals to 98.6 °F.

The formula for the conversion is,

$F = ({{9} \over 5}\times C ) + 32$

Where F is degree Fahrenheit, C is degree Celsius

Body Temperature of some of the animals are listed below:

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Redwood

Important points to remember:

Redwood

• Also known as Sequoiodeae.
• Subfamily of coniferous trees.
• Commonly grown in Northern California.
• The redwood species contains the largest and tallest trees in the world.
• Redwood tree can grow over 100 m.

Teakwood

• Tropical hardwood tree.
• It is the largest deciduous tree.
• Used for boat building, exterior construction, furniture, etc.
• Can grow up to 40 m.

Sandalwood

• It is a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum.
• They are dry deciduous forest grown in China, India, Indonesia, Australia and Philippines.
• Second most expensive wood after African blackwood.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Cape Horn

Cape Horn is the southernmost headline of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile (South America) and is located on the small Hornos Island.

Important Points to remember:

Cape Horn

• It was discovered by Dutchman Willem Schouten in 1616.
• It is located in Chile, South America.
• It is the southerly point of South America.
• It marks the point where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans meet.

Cape of Good Hope

• It is located in Cape Town, South Africa.
• It is the Southern tip of Africa.

Cape Comorin

• It is located in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.
• It is the southernmost town in mainland India.
• It is also called The Land's End

Cape Howe

• It is located in Australia.
• It was named Cape Howe by Captain Cook.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e The Moon

The Moon is made of Green Cheese was one of the most popular proverbs. 

Important points to remember about the given options.

The correct option is 1 i.e. Greenland.

• The largest island is Greenland.
• Greenland has an area of 2,166,086 square km.
• New Guinea is the second-largest island in the world.
• Madagascar is the largest island in Africa and the oldest geological island on Earth.
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are comprised of 572 islands.
• ‎Port Blair is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Port Blair is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail.
• Alexander Island is a large island in the Bellingshausen Sea.

The correct option is Jordan.

Key Points

• Jordanian Dinar is the currency of Jordan.
• Jordan is an Arab nation.
• Jordan lies on the east bank of the Jordan River.
• Amman is the capital of Jordan.
• Renminbi is the currency of China.
• Israeli Shekel is the currency of Isreal.
• Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Vilasrao Deshmukh.

• Mr. Vilasrao Deshmukh was the Minister of Science and Technology.
• Manmohan Singh was the then Prime Minister.
• Dr. Harsh Vardhan is the current (2020)  Minister of Science and Technology.
• Dr.Harsh Vardhan is also the Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Minister of Earth Sciences.
• Dr.Harsh Vardhan is also elected the chairman of the WHO Executive Board.

The correct option is 2 i.e. Bengaluru.

Key Points

• The headquarters of ISRO is situated in Bengaluru.
• The Secretariat of DOS and headquarters of ISRO are located at Antariksh Bhavan in Bangaluru.
• ISRO was formed on 15 August 1969.
• V. Narayanan is the current chairman of ISRO.
• PSLV-C25, twenty-fifth flight of PSLV launched Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft.
• It was launched from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Trekking.

• Trekking​ is not an indoor game.
• Chess, Roleplaying, Gambling are indoor games.
• Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a checkered board.
• Chess has 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid.
• Sergey Karjakin is the youngest chess grandmaster.
• Viswanathan Anand is an Indian chess grandmaster.
• Viswanathan Anand became the first grandmaster from India in 1988.
• Viswanathan Anand is a five-time world chess champion.

The correct option is 1 i.e., earthshine.

• The glow caused by sunlight reflected by the earth onto the moon is earthshine.
• Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
• Ultraviolet (UV) wavelength ranges from 10 nm to 400 nm.
• Infrared light is a type of radiant energy that's invisible to human eyes.
• Infrared radiation frequencies range from about 300 GHz up to about 400 terahertz.

The correct option is 1 i.e., James Naismith.

• The game of basketball was invented by James Naismith.
• Dr. James Naismith was a Canadian physical education instructor.
• He worked at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.

List of National Basketball Association awards:

• Victory Backdrop Trophy
• Ultra Action Trophy
• V-Series Trophy
• Triple Star Spin Trophy
• Broadcast Trophy
• Live-Action Trophy
• Little Buddy Trophy.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Levi Strauss.

• Levi Strauss invented and marketed blue jeans.
• Levi Strauss was an entrepreneur who invented and marketed blue jeans.
• Foucault Jean is best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum.
• George Eastman founded the Eastman Kodak Company.
• George Eastman brings the photographic use of roll film into the mainstream.
• Joel Houghton invented the first dishwasher.

The correct option is 1 i.e., Tim Berners-Lee.

• World Wide Web was first invented by the scientist Tim Berners-Lee.
• Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989.
• Christiaan Neethling Barnard performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant operation.
• Dean Kame is known for his invention of the Segway and iBOT.
• Dean Kamen also founded the non-profit organization FIRST with Woodie Flowers.
• Dean Kamen holds over 1,000 patents.

The correct option is 3 i.e., barometer.

The air around you has weight, and it presses against everything it touches. That pressure is called atmospheric pressure, or air pressure. It is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth.

• Atmospheric pressure is commonly measured with a barometer.
• In a barometer, a column of mercury in a glass tube rises or falls as the weight of the atmosphere changes.
• Meteorologists describe the atmospheric pressure by how high the mercury rises.

​

• Atmospheric pressure drops as altitude increases.
• As the pressure decreases, the amount of oxygen available to breathe also decreases.
• At very high altitudes, atmospheric pressure and available oxygen get so low that people can become sick and even die.
• Atmospheric pressure is an indicator of weather.
• When a low-pressure system moves into an area, it usually leads to cloudiness, wind, and precipitation.
• High-pressure systems usually lead to fair, calm weather.

​

• An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction.
• A thermometer is a device that measures temperature.
• A lactometer is used to check the purity of milk.
• A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy.
• A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of water vapor in air, in soil.
• A bolometer is a device for measuring the power of incident electromagnetic radiation.

CONCEPT:

• Sound in the air: In a gas like air, the particles are generally far apart so they travel further before they bump into one another. There is not much resistance to movement so it doesn’t take much to start a wave, but it won’t travel as fast.

• Sound in water: In water, the particles are much closer together, and they can quickly transmit vibrational energy from one particle to the next. This means that the sound wave travels over four times faster than it would in air, but it takes a lot of energy to start the vibration.

• Sound in solids: In a solid, the particles are even closer together and linked by chemical bonds so the wave travels even faster than it does in either liquid or air, but you need quite a lot of energy to start the wave at the beginning

EXPLANATION:

From the above explanation, we can see that, 

• The velocity of sound is highest in solids.
• The speed of sound depends on the density of the medium through which it is travelling.
• The higher the density of the medium, the faster is the propagation of sound.
• Since the density of solids is higher than others, so sound travels faster in solids.
• The molecules in the solid medium are closely packed together than in liquids or gases, so sound waves travel faster.
• And thus we can conclude that, velocity of sound is maximum in solid, minimum in air and since in absence of medium sound can't propagate in vacuum
• The correct option is 2.

The correct option is 4 i.e., Thermosphere.

• The thermosphere is known as the heat sphere.
• The thermosphere starts above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers high.
• The troposphere starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers.
• The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere.
• The stratosphere extends to 50 kilometers high.
• The mesosphere starts above the stratosphere.
• The mesosphere extends to 85 kilometers high.
• Meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
• The ionosphere is the layer of electrons and ionized atoms and molecules that stretches from about 48 kilometers.
• The ionosphere uses for radio communications.
• The exosphere is the upper layer of our atmosphere.

The correct option is  Guava.

Key Points

• Guava is the fourth most widely grown fruit crop in India.
• The area under guava is about 0.15 million hectares, producing 1.80 million tonnes of fruit.
• India was the largest producer of guavas, with 41% of the world's total.
• Uttar Pradesh is the leading state in guava production.
• Madhya Pradesh and Bihar are in the 2^nd and 3^rd positions respectively in terms of guava production.

The correct option is 3 i.e., Football

• Football takes literally a long time.
• The game of football is divided into two halves of 45 minutes each.
• There is a break between the two halves which is of 15 minutes
• The duration of the Kabaddi match is of two halves of 20 minutes with a half time break of 5 minutes
• A match of field hockey ordinarily consists of two periods of 35 minutes and a halftime interval of 5 minutes.
• An NBA official match is played for 48 minutes.

The correct option is Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

Key Points

• Sirimavo Bandaranaike was the first woman Prime Minister in the world.
• Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan stateswoman.
• Sirimavo Bandaranaike became Prime Minister of Sri Lanka in 1960.
• Sirimavo Bandaranaike served for three terms.
• Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India.
• Margaret Thatcher served as prime minister of the United Kingdom.
• Benazir Bhutto served as Prime Minister of Pakistan.

The correct option is 1 i.e., Abraham Lincoln.

Key Points

• Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in a cinema theatre.
• Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford's Theater.
• Abraham Lincoln was shot on April 14, 1865.
• John F. Kennedy served as the 35^th president of the United States.
• James A. Garfield was the 20^th president of the United States.
• William Mckinley was the 25^th president of the United States.

The correct option is 3 i.e., ​2008.

• In 2008 Shamshabad International Airport was commissioned.
• The domestic terminal at the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Shamshabad, now known as N T Rama Rao Domestic Terminal.

Important airports:

The correct option is 2 i.e., Dr. Zakir Hussain.

• Dr. Zakir Hussain was the 3^rd President of India.
• Rajendra Prasad was the 1^st President of India.
• Mohd. Hidayatullah served as acting President until the election of V V Giri as the President of India.
• Sri V. V. Giri was the 4^th President of India.
• B. D. Jatti was the vice President and acting President of India.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Cockroach

• The cockroach has white blood.
• Almost all Arthropods have white blood.
• The 'blood' of insects is called hemolymph.
• Hemolymph is a fluid, analogous to the blood in vertebrates.
• It is composed of a fluid plasma in which hemolymph cells called hemocytes are suspended.

The correct option is 21 i.e., Royal Challengers Bengaluru.

• Chennai Super Kings beat Royal Challengers Bengaluru in the final of IPL, 2011.
• Chennai Super Kings defeated Royal Challengers Bengaluru by 58 runs to win their second successive trophy.

Winners of IPL:

The correct option is 1 i.e., The phases of the moon.

• The phases of the moon are represented on calendars by circles and crescents.
• The moon orbits the Earth once every 27.32 days.

There are eight phases of the moon:

• New moon
• Waxing crescent
• First-quarter
• Waxing gibbous
• Full moon
• Waning gibbous
• Third-quarter
• Waning crescent.

The correct option is 1 i.e., Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.

Additional Information

• AAA in networking is Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
• AAA is a system for tracking user activities on an IP-based network.
• It also controls their access to network resources.
• AAA is implemented as a dedicated server.
• AAA is also referred to as the AAA Protocol.

The correct option is 3 i.e., ​Protection of the environment.

• 'Global 500 Awards' are given for outstanding achievement in  ​the Protection of environment.
• The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) established the Global 500 Roll of Honour.
• It was established in 1987.

Some prominent winners are:

• Anil Agarwal, an environmentalist from India.
• Jimmy Carter, former President of the United States.
• Severn Suzuki from Canada.
• Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway.

The correct option is 2 i.e., December 18, 1989.

• On December 18, 1989, Tendulkar made his ODI debut.
• Against Pakistan, Sachin Tendulkar made his test debut.
• Sachin Tendulkar became the first and only cricketer to score 100 international centuries.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his 100th century against Bangladesh.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his ODI debut in 1989.
• Sachin Tendulkar scored his first ODI century in his 79th ODI match.
• Sachin Tendulkar scored his first ODI century against Australia.

The correct option is 1 i.e., Sri Lanka.

• Against Sri Lanka Tendulkar made his 35th test century.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his 100th century against Bangladesh.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his ODI debut in 1989.
• Sachin Tendulkar scored his first ODI century in his 79th ODI match.
• Sachin Tendulkar scored his first ODI century against Australia.

The correct option is Bangladesh.

Key Points

• In Bangladesh, the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna merge on a giant floodplain.
• Meghna is the widest river in Bangladesh.
• The combined course of Padma and Kalini is known as Meghna.
• The Brahmaputra is known as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet.
• The Brahmaputra's source is the Chemayungdung Glacier.
• The Ganga river originates from the Gangotri Glacier.

​

Additional Information

• Brahmaputra:
• It originates under the name of Siang or Dihang, from the Chemayungdung glacier of the Kailash range near the Mansarovar lake.
• It enters India west of Sadiya town in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Tributaries: Dibang, Lohit, Siang, Burhi Dihing, Tista, and Dhansari.
• It is known as Tsangpo in Tibet and Yarlung Zangbo in China.
• The river crosses Assam below Dhubri and enters Bangladesh where the river is known as Jamuna and it flows for 337 km.
• It is a perennial river and has several peculiar characteristics due to its geography and prevailing climatic conditions.
• It is flooded twice annually.
• One flood is caused by the melting of the Himalayan snow in summer and the other due to the monsoon flows.
• Ganga River:
• The Ganga rises from the Gangotri glacier near Gomukh in the Uttarkashi district of the state of Uttarakhand.
• The total length of the Ganga is about 2,525 km.
• The river is bounded by the Himalayas on the north, by the Aravalli on the west, by the Vindhyas and Chhotanagpur plateau on the south, and by the Brahmaputra Ridge on the east.
• Left Tributaries: Karnali, Mahakali, Gandak, Kosi Ramganga, Ghagra etc.
• Right Tributaries:Yamuna, Son, Mahananda, Chambal.

Image of River:

The correct option is 3 i.e., Volcanic crater.

• Caldera is a volcanic crater.
• A caldera is a large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses.
• India's only active volcano is the Barren Island volcano.
• The Barren Island volcano is in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• The last recorded volcanic eruption on Barren Island was in February 2016.

The correct option is 3 i.e., Asia.

• Asia continent has the longest coastline.
• Asia's coastline is about 62,800 km in length.
• Asia has both the highest and the lowest points on the surface of Earth.
• The coastline of Africa is about 30,500 km in length.
• The coastline of Australia is about 59,736 km in length.

The correct option is 1 i.e., 250 km / sec.

• Speed of orbit of the sun and solar system around the centre is 250 km/sec.
• The speed of orbit of the earth around the sun is 30 km/sec.
• The Moon orbits Earth at a speed of 1.022 km/sec.
• Venus's average orbital speed is 35.02 km/s.
• Mars rotates on its axis approximately every 24.6 hours. This period is often referred to as the "sol," which is a Martian day. It's only a little more than an Earth day, which is about 24 hours.

The correct answer is 3.

• Observable or visible universe contains 2 trillion galaxies and 10²⁴ stars.
• Galaxy is a system of stars, interstellar gas, dust, dark matters and a gravitational bound system.
• Galaxy word is derived from the Greek word galaxias which literally means 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way.
• Galaxies are of three types, ellipticals, spirals and irregulars.
• Our solar system comes under the Milky Way galaxy.
• It is a barred spiral-shaped galaxy having an estimated diameter of 170,000 to 200,000 light-years.

The correct option is 2 i.e., 8 minutes.

• Light from the sun takes 8 minutes to reach the earth.
• The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation around the Sun.
• The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees
• The Moon orbits Earth one revolution in about 27.32 days.
• Venus makes a complete orbit around the Sun in 225 Earth days.
• Jupiter makes a complete orbit around the Sun in about 12 Earth years.

The correct option is 4 i.e., Water.

Key Points

• Hydrology is the study of science of Water.
• The study of caves is called speleology.
• Paleotempestology is the study of the past tropical cyclone.
• Thermodynamics is the study of energy.
• The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology.
• Pedology is the study of soils.
• Petrology is the study of rocks.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Rocks.

• Rocks are studied by the petrologists.
• Metallurgy is the study of metals.
• Limnology is the study of lakes.
• Pedology is the study of soils.
• The study of fossil fuels is called paleontology
• Forestry is the art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests.
• The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology.

The correct option is 3 i.e., Pakistan.

• Against Pakistan, Sachin Tendulkar made his test debut.
• Sachin Tendulkar became the first and only cricketer to score 100 international centuries.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his 100^th century against Bangladesh.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his ODI debut in 1989.
• Sachin Tendulkar scored his first ODI century in his 79th ODI match.
• Sachin Tendulkar scored his first ODI century against Australia.

The correct option is 1 i.e., Itanagar.

• Rajiv Gandhi Government Polytechnic is situated in Itanagar.
• Lovely Professional University is situated in Phagwara, Punjab.
• Anna University is situated in Chennai.
• Tata Institute of Social Sciences is situated in Mumbai.
• SRM Institute of Science and Technology is situated in Chennai.
• Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University is situated in Lucknow.
• Jawaharlal Nehru University is situated in New Delhi.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Gaya.

• Central University of South Bihar (CUSB) is one of the sixteen newly established Central Universities by the Government of India under the Central Universities Act, 2009 (Section 25 of 2009).[2] The university is located at Panchanpur, Gaya, India.
• Bihar is having four central universities other than IIT, Patna.

The correct option is 1 i.e., ​Application Control Block.

ACB in computers is ​Application Control Block.

Additional Information

• AAC stands for Advanced Audio Coding.
• ABI stands for Application Binary Interface.
• ALGOL stands for Algorithmic Language.
• AMD stands for  Advanced Micro Devices.
• ATA stands for Advanced Technology Attachment.
• API stands for Application Programming Interface.
• ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

The correct option is 2 i.e., ​Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability.

• ACID in computers is Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability.
• A transaction in a database system must maintain Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability in order to ensure accuracy, completeness, and data integrity.
• Atomicity states that a transaction must be treated as an atomic unit.
• Isolation states that all the transactions will be carried out and executed as if it is the only transaction in the system.
• No transaction will affect the existence of any other transaction.
• Consistency means that the database must remain in a consistent state after any transaction.
• Durability means that the database should be durable enough to hold all its latest updates even if the system fails or restarts.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. Automatic Data Format.

Additional Information

• ADF is an Automatic Data format, an open XML based standard.
• It is used for communicating consumer purchase requests in automotive dealerships.
• The standard is developed by thirteen automotive-related internet companies.
• Nowadays many vendors of customer retention management companies serving the support of ADF.

The correct option is 3 i.e., Sun.

• Sun is monitored by the satellite Solar Max.
• The Solar Maximum Mission satellite which is also known as Solar Max was launched on 14 February in 1980.
• It was an orbital observatory equipped with various instruments for studying the sun.
• The observatory operated for nine months successfully.
• The United State's Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon.
• Apollo 11 was landed on the Moon on 20 July 1969.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Estuary.

• Estuary is known as the tidal mouth of a large river.
• An estuary is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean.
• An estuary may also be called a bay, lagoon, sound, or slough.
• An emissary is a person sent on a mission, especially a diplomatic mission.
• An ancillary is a person whose work provides necessary support to the primary activities of an organization, or system.
• An actuary is a business profession that deals with the measurement and management of risk and uncertainty.

The correct option is 3 i.e., Baseball.

• Baseball is played on a diamond.
• Baseball composed of nine players.
• Short track speed skating is played on an oval pitch.
• Volleyball is played on the rectangular pitch.
• Basketball is played on the rectangular pitch.
• Tennis is played on the rectangular pitch.

The correct option is 4 i.e., gemstones.

• Gemology is the science of gemstones.
• One who works in the field of gemology is called a Gemologist.
• Metallurgy is the study of metals.
• Limnology is the study of lakes.
• Forestry is the art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests.
• The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology.

The correct option is 2 i.e., Landslide.

• Landslide is the name for an election victory where one side wins most of the votes.
• Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.
• Swing is a statistical measure of the movement of voter support for or against a party.
• Strike rate is the proportion or percentage of constituencies a political outfit wins.
• Winner’s Bump is the increase in the total number of seats won by the leading party, once the counting process is over and the leads have been converted into results.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Jet stream

Jet Streams are the strong winds that blows about 10 km above the Earth. 

Key Points

Important points to remember about Jet stream are:

• Jet Stream are the narrow belt of high altitude (about 9 - 12 km) westerly winds in the upper layer of troposphere.
• Jet streams are formed where large temperature differences exist in the atmosphere.
• The speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter.
• The meandering movement of Jet Stream is called 'Rossby Wave'.
• Types of Jet Streams:
• Sub Tropical Jet Streams: They are closer to the equator and takes shape at latitudes of 20º to 30º.
• Polar-Night Jet Stream: They flows through upper stratosphere over the poles. They are present in the convergence zone above the sub polar low pressure belt.
• Jet streams  which are located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude are known as subtropical westerly jet streams.
• Over India, these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer.
• The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow.
• In summer, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun.
• An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e outstanding contribution to science

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award

• It is a science award in India.
• It is given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
• It is given for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine, and Physics.
• The award was named after the founder-director of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.
• It was first awarded in 1958 to Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan for Physical Sciences.
• 12 scientists have been awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in 2019.

Some of the other Science awards are listed below:

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Important points to remember:

Bharat Ratna:

• Highest civilian award of Republic of India.
• It was instituted on 2nd January, 1954.
• Initially it was limited to the achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services but later government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011.
• The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year.
• The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion.
• No price money is awarded.

It was given to two foreigners:

• Abdul Ghaffar Khan in 1987
• Nelson Mandela in 1990

First awarded in 1954:

• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• C. Rajagopalachari
• C.V. Raman

Last awarded in 2019:

• Nanaji Deshmukh (Posthumously)
• Bhupen Hazarika (Posthumously)
• Pranab Mukherjee

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Ashok Kumar

Important points to remember:

• Ashok Kumar:
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1959.
• National Film Award for Best Actor in 1969.
• He was honoured with Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1988.
• He received Padma Bhushan in 1999 for his contributions to Indian cinema.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e South Africa

Important points to remember:

• Sachin Tendulkar made his 99th century against South Africa.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his 100th century against Bangladesh.
• Sachin Tendulkar made his first century against Pakistan in Karachi on 15th November 1989.
• He has played 463 ODI and 200 test matches.
• He received Arjuna Award in the year 1994.
• He received Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in the year 1997.
• He received Padma Shri in 1999 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008.
• He received Bharat Ratna in the year 2014.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e J.P. Narayan

Important points to remember:

Bharat Ratna:

• Highest civilian award of Republic of India.
• It was instituted on 2nd January, 1954.
• Initially it was limited to the achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services but later government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011.
• The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year.
• The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion.

In 1999 it was given to:

• J.P. Narayan (Posthumous)
• Amartya Sen
• Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous)
• Pandit Ravi Shankar

First awarded in 1954:

• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• C. Rajagopalachari
• C.V. Raman

Last awarded in 2019:

• Nanaji Deshmukh (Posthumously)
• Bhupen Hazarika (Posthumously)
• Pranab Mukherjee

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Dr. Manmohan Singh

Explanation:

World Conference on Human Rights

• It was held by United Nations in Vienna, Austria from 14th to 25th June, 1993.
• It was attended by representatives of 171 nations, 800 NGOs, with 7000 participants overall.
• It was organised by John Pace.
• Dr. Manmohan Singh lead the Indian Delegation to the First World Conference on Human Rights.

International Human Rights Day:

• It is observed every year on 10th December.
• It marks the day adoption of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1948.
• The theme for 2019 was "Youth Standing up for Human Rights".
• India has enacted the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 to ensure the protection of human rights.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Paris

Explanation:

UNESCO

• It stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
• It was formed on 4th November 1945.
• Its headquarters are in Paris, France.
• Currently, UNESCO has 193 members and 11 associates members.
• The US, Israel, and Liechtenstein are members of the UN, but not members UNESCO.
• Three countries, namely, Palestine, Niue, and the Cook Islands are members of UNESCO, but not of the UN.
• India was the founding member of UNESCO.
• India has 42 world heritage sites.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Canada, France, and Italy

Important points related to G-7:

• The Group of Seven is an international intergovernmental economic organization.
• It was formed in 1975 with six members - France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, The United Kingdom, The United States
• Currently, it consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The United Kingdom, The United States.
• G-7 Countries names-:
• GK Trick-: drink JUICE with GF(girlfriend)
  

   1) Japan

   2) USA

   3) Italy

   4) Canada 

   5) England

   6) Germany

   7) France

List of Summits with their host country:

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Hydrogen sulphide

Explanation:

Brass gets discoloured in air because of the presence of Hydrogen sulphide because the presence of mixture of hydrogen-sulphide and brass forms cupric sulphide which is black in colour where as zinc reacts with hydrogen and forms zinc hydroxide which is faint red in colour. Hence brass gets discoloured when it exposed to air.

• It is an alloy of Copper and Zinc.
• It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure.
• It is highly malleable than bronze and zinc.
• The melting point of brass is between 900 and 940ºC.
• It is used in locks, hinges, valves, electrical plugs, sockets etc

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Lyndon B Johnson

Important points to remember are:

Note: Donald Trump is the current president of United states and he is from Republican Party.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Brahmaputra

Important points to remember are listed in the table below:

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Narmada and Tapti

Important points to remember are listed in the table below:

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Arunachal Pradesh

Some of the Important points to remember are:

Languages:

• The Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution lists 22 languages.
• Article 343 of Indian Constitution stated that the official language of Union is Hindi in Devanagari script instead of the extant English.

Table below shows the details about different states:

The correct answer is option 1 i.e The Netherlands

Important points to remember are listed below:

The correct answer is option 4 i.e London

Explanation:

Olympic Games:

• First modern Olympic games held in Athens in the year 1896.
• They are the leading international sporting event, summer Olympic Games held in every four years while winter Olympic Games held in every two years.

International Olympic Committee (IOC):

• It came into existence in 1894.
• The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is an important non-governmental organisation that looks after the administration of the Olympic Games held all over the world.
• Its headquarters is in Lausanne, Switzerland.
• It is currently headed by Thomas Bach

Indian Olympic Association:

• It is the body responsible for selecting athletes to represent India at Olympic Games, Asian Games, and other international athletic meets.
• It was creates in 1924.
• Currently it is headed by Dr. Narinder Dhruv Batra

Summer Olympics games with their host countries are listed below: 

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Lok Satta Party.

• Election Commission of India is vested with the power to recognize political parties and allot them election symbols.
• Election Commission allots symbols for anyone contesting in polls as per the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Lok Jan Shakti Party.

• Election Commission of India is vested with the power to recognize political parties and allot them election symbols.
• Election Commission allots symbols for anyone contesting in polls as per the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Ram Naresh Yadav.

• Ram Naresh Yadav:
• He served as the governor of Madhya Pradesh from September 2011 to September 2016.
• He served as the CM of Madhya Pradesh from 1977-1979.
• K. Rosaiah:
• He served as the CM of Andhra Pradesh from 2009-2010.
• He served as the governor of Karnataka (2014) and also served as the governor of Tamil Nadu (2011-2016).
• Syed Ahmed:
• He served as the governor of Jharkhand (2011-2015) and also served as the governor of Manipur (2015).

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Special Assistant Programme.

• Special Assistant Programme (SAP):
• It was initiated in the year 1963 by the UGC (University Grant Commission) on the recommendations of the Education Commission.
• The main aim of this programme is to enhance the standards of teaching and research to match up with the international standards in specific fields.
• Under this programme financial assistance is provided to selected universities to encourage the pursuit of excellence in advanced teaching and research.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e 2010.

• South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC):
• SAARC comprises eight member states: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
• It was established in Dhaka on 8 December 1985.
• One of the main objectives of SAARC is to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality of life.
• The first summit was held in Dhaka in the year 1985.
• The Sixteenth SAARC Summit was held in Bhutan in the year 2010.
• The theme of the Sixteenth SAARC Summit was climate change.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Dalveer Bhandari.

• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court:
• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has been appointed by the President of India.
• He holds office until he attains the age of 65 years.
• Sharad Arvind Bobde is the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
• S. H. Kapadia is the 38th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and he is from Mumbai.
• P. Sathasivam is the 40th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and he is from Madras.
• R. M. Lodha is the 41st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and he is from Rajasthan.
• Dalveer Bhandari:
• He is a member of the International Court of Justice and he is a former Judge of the Supreme Court of India and also former Chief Justice of Bombay High Court.
• He is from Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e Mahanadi.

Key Points

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Weight lifting.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Jupiter.

• Earth:
• The Earth is 23 ½ degrees tilted on its axis and thus makes 66 ½ degrees angle.
• It is known as a watery planet or blue planet due to the presence of huge amounts of water in it.
• Earth is the only known planet that provides sustenance or life on it.
• The mass of the Earth is 6×1024 kg and the mass of the Moon is 7× 1022 kg.
• Jupiter:
• Jupiter is the planet, orange in color with white bands on it.
• Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System.
• It is also known as the winter planet as its average temperature is very low.
• Jupiter's atmosphere is mostly made up of hydrogen (H2) and helium (He).
• Gannymeda, satellite of Jupiter is the largest satellite in the solar system.
• Mars:
• Mars is reddish in color.
• Mars is also known as the Red Planet
• It is red in color due to the presence of iron oxides.
• Mars has two moons named Phobos and Deimos.
• Saturn:
• Saturn is known most for its rings.
• It is the second-largest planet in our solar system.
• Saturn's atmosphere is also mostly made up of hydrogen (H2) and helium (He).
• Titan is the largest satellite of Saturn

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 16.

• 16 MLAs of the then ruling congress were disqualified and expelled from Andhra Pradesh Assembly in March 2012 for violating whip by the then speaker Nadendla Manohar.
• All the MLAs were disqualified under the anti-defection law after they had defied the party whip and voted against the Kiran Kumar Reddy government on the no-confidence motion moved by the main opposition Telugu Desam Party.
• According to the tenth schedule of Anti Defection Law, a legislator can be disqualified by the presiding officer of the legislature for being a member of the House,
• If he voluntarily gives up his membership of such political party; or
• If he votes against any direction issued by his political party without obtaining prior permission of such party and such an act has not been condoned by the party within 15 days.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Cherrapunji.

• Cherrapunji**:**
• It is located in the East Khasi Hill of Meghalaya.
• Sohra is the original name for Cherrapunji.
• It is often called the wettest places on the earth as it receives rainfall throughout the year.
• It is on the windward side of the Khasi hills district of Meghalaya and is surrounded by hills on three sides.
• It receives rain from southwest monsoon winds (Bay of Bengal branch), as the winds cannot move further striking the hills and due to condensation receives heavy rainfall.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 1676 mm.

• The distance between the inner sides of two tracks on any railway line is called Railway Guage.
• There are 4 types of railway gauge used in India: Broad gauge, Metre Gauge, Narrow gauge and Standard gauge.
• Broad gauge:
• It is often called as a wide gauge.
• The distance between the two tracks in these railway gauges or the width of the broad gauge used in Indian railway track is 1676 mm.
• Standard gauge:
• The width of the standard gauge used in the Indian railway track is 1435 mm.
• Metre Gauge:
• The width of the Metre gauge used in the Indian railway track is 1000 mm.
• Narrow Gauge:
• It is often called a small gauge.
• The width of the narrow gauge used in the Indian railway track is 762 mm and 610 mm.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Bihar.

• Raxaul Airport:
• It is located at Raxaul in the state of Bihar.
• It is located in the East Champaran district of Bihar, close to the Nepal border.

Facts:​

• West Bengal:
• It shares borders with Jharkhand, Odisha  Bihar, Bangladesh, Assam, Sikkim and Bhutan, and Nepal.
• Mamata Banerjee is the CM of West Bengal.
• Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal.
• Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose is the current governor of West Bengal.
• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, Bagdogra Airport and Cooch Behar Airport are the few major airports in West Bengal.
• Uttar Pradesh:
• It shares a boundary with a maximum number of Indian states.
• It shares its border with Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar as well as Delhi.
• Yogi Adityanath is the CM of Uttar Pradesh.
• Anandiben Patel is the governor of Uttar Pradesh.
• Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport and Chakeri Airport are the few major airports in Uttar Pradesh.
• Bihar:
• Nitish Kumar is the present CM of Bihar.
• Phagu Chauhan is the present Governor of Bihar.
• Bihar is bordered by Nepal in the north, and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh in the west, Jharkhand in the south, and West Bengal in the east.
• Patna is the capital of Bihar.
• Darbhanga Airport, Jogbani Airport, Munger Airport, and Raxaul Airport are the few major airports in Bihar.
• Madhya Pradesh:
• Bhopal is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Madhya Pradesh shares its border with Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
• Shivraj Singh Chouhan is the CM of Madhya Pradesh.
• Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel is the Governor of Madhya Pradesh.
• Raja Bhoj International Airport, Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia Airport, Datia Airport, and Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport are the few major airports in Madhya Pradesh.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Lata Mangeshkar.

• Lata Mangeshkar:
• She is an Indian Play Back Singer, born in Madhya Pradesh
• She has the nickname as 'The Nightingale of Bollywood'.
• She received the Bharat Ratna in the year 2001 in the field of arts.
• She was also awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in the year 1989.
• M. S. Subbulakshmi:
• She was a Carnatic classical vocalist from Tamil Nadu.
• She became the first musician to receive the Bharat Ratna in the year 1998 in the field of arts.
• She is often called the 'Queen of songs'.
• Pandit Ravi Shankar:
• He received Bharat Ratna in the year 1999 in the field of arts.
• He was a Hindustani classical musician and is from Uttar Pradesh.
• He is often called “the godfather of world music”.
• Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi:
• He received Bharat Ratna in the year 2009 in the field of arts.
• He was a Hindustani classical vocalist from Karnataka.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Diamond.

• Ruby:
• It is a blood-red coloured gemstone.
• It has a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
• Diamond:
• It is the naturally occurring hardest material in the world.
• It has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
• It is a naturally occurring mineral composed of carbon.
• It has the highest thermal conductivity and is chemically resistant.
• it is useful as a cutting tool because of its hardness.
• Topaz:
• it is an aluminium and fluorine silicate mineral.
• It has the chemical formula of Al₂SiO₄(F, OH)₂.
• It is also one of the most popular gemstones due to its hardness and desirable colours.
• Silicon:
• The atomic numb er is 14.
• It is widely used as a semiconductor.
• It is the second most abundant element in the crust.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e The Sun.

• Phoebus Apollo is the Sun God of Greece and Rome religion.
• Huitzilopochtli is the Sun God of the Aztec religion.
• Artemis is the Greek goddess of the Moon.
• iNyanga is the moon goddess of the Zulu religion.
• Tsukuyomi is the moon god of the Japanese

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Blue.

• The natural gas flame color blue indicates the complete combustion, burns at a temperature of around 1960^oC.
• The natural gas flame occurs orange/yellow/red in color when there is incomplete combustion.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Infrared ray.

• X-rays (0.01 to 10 nm):
• X rays have much higher energy and much shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light that can pass through solid objects, including the body.
• Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered the X rays.
• ​Ultraviolet ray:
• Ultraviolet (UV) light falls in the range of the EM spectrum between visible light and X-rays.
• UV radiation is classified into three types based on their wavelength. They are ultraviolet A (UVA) (315–400 nm), ultraviolet B (UVB) (280–315 nm), and ultraviolet C (UVC) (180–280 nm).
• The shorter the wavelength, the more harmful the UV radiation.
• Infrared rays:
• It is a part of the EM spectrum and has wavelengths range from about 700 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter (mm).
• it has longer wavelengths than visible light.
• Infrared cameras and telescopes or night-vision goggles etc, use infrared waves to sense or measure the heat radiated by the object.
• Infrared energy radiated from the hot objects can be detected and then converted into an electronic signal to produce a visual image by cameras telescopes.
• Gamma rays:
• It is a part of electromagnetic radiation.
• Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths (10^-6nm - 0.001 nm).
• These are used in the treatment of cancer also.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 ie. Solar eclipse.

• An eclipse nothing but blocking of the light of one object by another either totally or partially.
• Solar eclipse:
• A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the earth i.e the obscuring of the sun by the moon.
• It occurs when the Sun, Moon, and earth all fall in the same line.
• ​Lunar eclipse:
• A lunar eclipse when the earth passes between the sun and the moon and obstruct the sun rays from lighting up the moon.
• It occurs only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Speleology.

• Speleology: It is the scientific study of caves and cave systems.
• The person who studies or explores caves is called a speleologist.
• Campanology: It is the study of bells.
• Teratology: It is the study of causes, mechanisms, and patterns of abnormal development.
• Oceanology: It is the study of all aspects of the Ocean.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Isobar.

• Isobar:
• Isobars are the lines of equal pressure.
• These are the lines on a meteorological map that connects the points of the same atmospheric pressure.
• Millibar:
• Bar is the metric unit of atmospheric pressure (SI unit is Pascal (Pa)).
• I millibar is equal to 0.001 bar.
• Milligram:
• It is the metric unit of mass (kilogram (kg)).
• 1 milligram is equal to 10^-6kg.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e New York.

• The equator passes through 13 countries, 3 continents, and 3 water bodies.
• The 13 countries are Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia, and Kiribati.
• South America: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil.
• Africa: Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia.
• Asia: Maldives, Indonesia, Kiribati.
• Water Bodies: Atlantic, Pacific, and the Indian Ocean.
• The highest point on the equator is located on the Volcán Cayambe’s in Ecuador, the only place on the equator where snow can be found.
• New-York:
• It is in the United States.
• It is located in the northern hemisphere and is 4,528.64 km north of the equator.
• It is the city that is closest to the equator among the given following options.
• Kiev:
• It is the capital city of Ukraine and is 5,610.54 km north of the equator and so is located in the northern hemisphere.
• Sofia:
• It is the capital of Bulgaria.
• Sofia is located in the northern hemisphere and is 4,749.25 km north of the equator.
• Marseilles:
• It is a city in France.
• It is located in the northern hemisphere and is 4,815.99 km north of the equator.