SSC GD Constable (2022) Official Paper (Held On : 07 Feb 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Preparing the family tree diagram by using the following symbols:

As per the given information:

 

 

 

 

 

Given expression: 'P $Z+Q$ B'

P is the brother of Z, Z is the father of Q and Q is the brother of B.

Here, P is the paternal uncle of B.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Logic: Arranged in alphabetical order.

'STAY : ASTY' →

'BEAM : ABEM' →

Similarly, for 'RIDE : ?' →

Here, 'RIDE : DEIR' is the correct pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information:

1. A is at the extreme left and C is exactly in between A and D.
   

2. E is to the immediate right of D and the remaining B is at the extreme right.

Here, 'B' is the immediate right of E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

23, 50, 108, 228, ?, 964

The logic followed in the given series:

Here, the missing term is '472'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The logic followed in the given figure series is:

From Figure (1) to (3):

The figure rotates 180 degrees in the clockwise direction and the alphabet X changes into another alphabet M.

From Figure (2) to (4):

The figure rotates 180 degrees in the clockwise direction and the alphabet XT changes into another alphabet R.

From Figure (3) to Answer Figure (5):

The figure rotates 180 degrees in the clockwise direction and the alphabet M changes into another alphabet P not in R, because the alphabet R is already used.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

Monday : Thursday → Two days after Monday is Thursday.

Similarly, for 'Wednesday : ?' →

Wednesday : ? → Two days after Wednesday is Saturday.

Here, 'Wednesday : Saturday' is the correct pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The codes as per the given information:

Here, the code for 'and' is 'si'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Given:

KSCA, OXWG, ?, WHKS, AMEY

Logic: Addition of '4', '5' and '6' to the positional value of the first, second and fourth alphabet respectively and subtraction of '6' from the positional value of the third alphabet.

Here, the missing term is 'SCQM'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

⇒ 91 * 7 * 2 * 4 * 10 * 5

(1) +, -, =, ÷, ×

⇒ 91 * 7 * 2 * 4 * 10 * 5

After putting the sign:

⇒ 91 + 7 - 2 = 4 ÷ 10 × 5

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 98 - 2 = 0.4 × 5

⇒ 96 = 2

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(2) ×, ÷, +, -, =

⇒ 91 * 7 * 2 * 4 * 10 * 5

After putting the sign:

⇒ 91 × 7 ÷ 2 + 4 - 10 = 5

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 91 × 3.5 + 4 - 10 = 5

⇒ 318.5 + 4 - 10 = 5

⇒ 322.5 - 10 = 5

⇒ 312.5 = 5

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(3) ÷, =, ×, +, -

⇒ 91 * 7 * 2 * 4 * 10 * 5

After putting the sign:

⇒ 91 ÷ 7 = 2 × 4 + 10 - 5

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 13 = 2 × 4 + 10 - 5

⇒ 13 = 8 + 10 - 5

⇒ 13 = 18 - 5

⇒ 13 = 13

​⇒ LHS = RHS

Here, the equation is satisfied.

(4) ×, ÷, +, =, -

⇒ 91 * 7 * 2 * 4 * 10 * 5

After putting the sign:

⇒ 91 × 7 ÷ 2 + 4 = 10 - 5

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 91 × 3.5 + 4 = 5

⇒ 318.5 + 4 = 5

⇒ 322.5 = 5

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

1. Expensive
2. Experiment
3. Expert 
4. Expertise
5. Expiry

The correct order is '1, 2, 5, 3, 4'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Statements:

All apples are oranges.

Some oranges are bananas.

All bananas are kiwis.

The Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusions:

I. Some oranges are kiwis. → True (Because some oranges are bananas and all bananas are kiwis, which means some oranges are kiwis is definitely true)

II. Some oranges are apples. → True (Because all apples are oranges, which means some oranges are apples is definitely true)

III. Some apples are bananas. → False (There is no direct relation between apples and bananas, so it can be possible but not definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I and II follow".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Given:

DVH, FWM, JZR, LAW, PDB,?

Logic: Addition of '2', '1' & '5' and '4', '3' & '5' alternatively to the positional value of the first, second and third alphabet respectively.

Here, the missing term is 'REG'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information:

1. Y sits at one of the extreme ends of the line and only two people sit between Y and Z.

2. E sits third to the right of Z and only four people sit between E and D.
   

3. G sits at one of the positions to the right of E and N is not an immediate neighbour of Z.
   

4. H sits second to the right of M.
   

Here, two people (D and Y) sit to the left of M.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

⇒ 12 + 112 ÷ 16 - 8 × 64 = 140

(1) + and -

⇒ 12 + 112 ÷ 16 - 8 × 64 = 140

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 12 - 112 ÷ 16 + 8 × 64

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 12 - 7 + 8 × 64

⇒ 12 - 7 + 512

⇒ 524 - 7 = 517

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(2) ÷ and ×

⇒ 12 + 112 ÷ 16 - 8 × 64 = 140

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 12 + 112 × 16 - 8 ÷ 64

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 12 + 112 × 16 - 0.125

⇒ 12 + 1792 - 0.125

⇒ 1804 - 0.125 = 1803.875

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

(3) + and ×

⇒ 12 + 112 ÷ 16 - 8 × 64 = 140

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 12 × 112 ÷ 16 - 8 + 64

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 12 × 7 - 8 + 64

⇒ 84 - 8 + 64

⇒ 148 - 8 = 140

⇒ '12 × 112 ÷ 16 - 8 + 64 = 140'

Here, the equation is satisfied.

(4) + and ÷

⇒ 12 + 112 ÷ 16 - 8 × 64 = 140

After interchanging the signs:

⇒ 12 ÷ 112 + 16 - 8 × 64

Apply BODMAS rule:

⇒ 0.107 + 16 - 8 × 64

⇒ 0.107 + 16 - 512

⇒ 16.107 - 512 = (-495.89)

Here, the equation is not satisfied.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Given:

665, 670, 663, 674, 661, 678, ?, 682

The logic followed in the given series:

Here, the missing term is '659'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we unfold the paper sheet step by step:

Step 1:

Step 2:

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Logic: Z is written in the first place and alphabets are rearranged.

'GLAD' is written as 'ZLADG' →

'SCAR' is written as 'ZCARS' →

Similarly, 'LOST' will be written as:

Here, 'LOST' is written as 'ZOSTL'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Logic: First no. = [Second no. × 11]

Given:

407 ∶ 37 →

​⇒ [37 × 11] = 407​

253 ∶ 23 →

⇒ [23 × 11] = 253​

Similarly, for '? : 59' →

⇒ [59 × 11] = 649​

Here, '649 : 59' is the correct pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The correct answer is Kushan.

Key Points

• Kanishka belonged to the Kushan dynasty.
• The kushan dynasty was founded by Kujūla Kadphises.
• Kanishka ruled around the 1^st century CE and was the greatest king of the Kushan dynasty.
• At the time of Kanishka, kushan rule was spread over the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan, and possibly areas of Central Asia north of the Kashmir region.
• He is also remembered as a great patron of Buddhism.
• He studied Buddhism under the Buddhist poet Ashvaghosha.
• The Fourth Buddhist Council was also convened under his patronage in Kashmir.
• That council compiled The Great Commentary on Abhidharma.

Additional Information

• The Kushanas:
• The first Kushana dynasty was founded by Kujula Kadphises.
• Vima Kadphises issued gold coins in India.
• Kanishka founded the second Kushana dynasty.
• Their capitals were at Peshawar and Mathura.
• The most famous Kushana ruler was Kanishka, he was also known as ‘Second Ashoka’.
• He started an era in 78 AD which is now known as the Saka Era and is used by the Government of India.
• Kanishka was a great patron of Mahayana Buddhism.
• During his reign, the 4th Buddhist Council was held in Kundalavana, Kashmir where the doctrines of the Mahayana form of Buddhism were finalized.
• The last great Kushana ruler was Vasudeva I.
• The Kushanas were the first rulers in India to issue gold coins on a wide scale.

The correct answer is Governor.

Key Points

Governor:

• The Governor’s appointment, his powers and everything related to the office of Governor has been discussed under Article 153 to Article 162 of the Indian Constitution.
• The role of the Governor is quite similar to that of the President of India.
• The Governor performs the same duties as of President, but for the State.
• Governor stands as the executive head of a State and the working remains the same as of the office of the President of India.
• All the executive action of a state government shall be exercised by order in the name of the Governor.
• Under the Constitution of India, the governing machinery is the same as that of the Central Government.
• It is stated that the Governor has a dual role.
• He is the constitutional head of the state, bound by the advice of his council of ministers.
• He functions as a vital link between the Union Government and the State Government.
• The term of the governor's office is normally 5 years.

Additional Information

• According to Article 164 in the Indian Constitution, Governor appoints Chief Minister.
• However, the Governor cannot appoint any random person as the Chief Minister but has to follow a provision.
• A leader of the party that has got the majority share of votes in the assembly elections, is appointed as the Chief Minister of the state.
• • Article 75:- The PM shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the PM.
• The total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the COM, shall not exceed 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha.
• A minister who is not a member of the Parliament (either house) for any period of six consecutive months shall cease to be a minister.
• Article 75 clearly states that the COM is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
• This means that all the ministers own joint responsibility to the Lok Sabha for all their acts of omission and commission.
• Article 75 also contains the principle of individual responsibility.
• It states that the ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President, which means that the President can remove a minister even at a time when the COM enjoys the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
• However, the President removes a minister only on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The council of Ministers comes into existence after the Ministers have taken the oath to their respective offices.

Structure of Indian Union Executive:

The correct answer is 1764.

Key Points

• The Battle of Buxar was fought on October 22, 1764 AD.
• It was fought between the joint forces of the Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal, Nawab Sujauddaula of Awadh and the Mughal ruler Shah Alam II and the British.
• The United Indian Army was defeated in the Battle of Buxar fought on October 22, 1764.
• In 1765, Suja-ud-daulah and Shah Alam signed a treaty with Company Governor Clive in Allahabad.
• Under this treaty, the company was given civil rights in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, which authorized the company to collect revenue from these areas.

Additional Information The reasons for battle were:

• Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta.
• These factors fuelled the English to overthrow him and war broke out between Mir Kasim and the Company in 1763.
• Participants of the Battle of Buxar were:
• Mir Qasim – (Administering Bengal in place of Mir Jafar – Nawab of Bengal)
• Shuja-Ud-Daulah – Nawab of Awadh (Oudh)
• Shah Alam II – Mughal Emperor

Result of the Battle of Buxar:

• Mir Jafar (Nawab of Bengal) handed over districts of Midnapore, Burdwan, and Chittagong to the English for the maintenance of their army.
• The English were also permitted duty-free trade in Bengal, except for a duty of two per cent on salt.
• Clive made political settlements with Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja-Ud-Daula of Awadh in the Treaty of Allahabad.

The correct answer is Vishu.

Key Points

• Vishu festival falls on the first day of the Malayali month of Medam, which occurs on either April 14 or 15 on the Gregorian calendar.​
• Vishu festival
• It is celebrated in Kerala as the harvest festival and the astrological New Year of the Malayalis.
• Vishu indicates the movement of the sun to Aries or the Mesha Rashi and marks the day from which the farmers begin the plowing of land and other agricultural activities.
• In Sanskrit, Vishu means equal, which implies the day with an equal number of hours of day and night or the equinox.
• The day of Mesha Sankranti or Mesha Sankramam, Vishu is a family festival.
• It is a period dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is celebrated by worshipping Lord Vishnu and Lord Krishna.
• Vishu Kani, Vishu Kaineettam, and Vishubhalam are the three most important aspects of the Vishu celebrations.
• As per the religious faith of the people on the previous night of the Vishu festival, a Vishu Kani in the prayer room or worship area of the house before the idol of Lord Vishnu and Lord Krishna by the eldest lady of the house.
• Vishu Kani is regarded as the symbol of good luck and prosperity by all Hindu Malayalis.
• It marks the beginning of the spring season.

Additional Information

• Festivals and their importance:

The correct answer is 31st March 1997.

Key Points

• Ad hoc Treasury Bill System of meeting budget deficit in India was abolished on 31st March 1997.
• Ad hoc Treasury Bill System:
• All treasury bills, ad hoc or ordinary, are sold by the RBI on behalf of the central government.
• Until July 12, 1965, they used to be sold by lenders at weekly auctions.
• From that date, they are made available ‘on tap’ throughout the week at a rate of discount fixed by the RBI.
• This change was made to make the ready supply of bills available to all investors at all times for investment of their temporary surpluses and also to mop up larger amounts of such surpluses for the government.
• The latter, of course, has been eager to borrow all the funds offered to it.

The correct answer is 110 m.

Key Points

• The touchline is also known as the sideline and is one of the boundaries of the football field.
• According to the Laws of the Game set by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), the touchline should measure between 100-110 meters (110-120 yards) in length.
• The exact length can vary depending on the stadium and the level of the competition being played.
• The field of play is rectangular and marked with lines called boundary lines. The two longer boundary lines are touchlines and the two shorter lines are goal lines. It is divided into two halves by a halfway line, which joins the midpoints of the two touch lines.
• The center mark is at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of 9.15m is marked around it.
• Marks are made off the field of play, 9.15m from the corner arc and at right angles to the goal lines and the touch lines, to ensure defending players retreat this distance when a corner kick is taken.
• The length of the touchline is greater than the length of the goal line. All lines are not more than 12cm wide.
• Length (touch line): Minimum 90m, maximum 120m.
• Width (goal line): Minimum 45m maximum 90m.

The correct answer is surplus.

Key Points

• A trade surplus means that a nation is exporting more goods and services than it is importing.
• This results in an inflow of foreign currency, which can be used to pay off debt or invested in the economy.
• Positive net exports also indicate that a nation is competitive in the global market and has a comparative advantage in certain industries. This can lead to increased employment and economic growth.
• On the other hand, a trade deficit means that a nation is importing more than it is exporting, resulting in an outflow of currency. This can lead to a decrease in foreign reserves and potentially weaken the national currency.
• A trade surplus is not always desirable, as it can lead to trade tensions with other nations and may cause the domestic industry to become too reliant on exports.A trade deficit may not always be a bad thing, as it can help a nation access goods and services that it cannot produce domestically and may stimulate economic growth through increased consumption

Additional Information Some additional points on trade surpluses and deficits:

• Balance of Payments: The terms trade surplus and deficit are part of a country's balance of payments, which includes not only trade in goods and services but also capital transfers and financial transactions. While a trade surplus adds to the balance of payments, a deficit subtracts from it.
• Economic Performance: A trade surplus is often seen as a sign of economic strength, and a deficit as a sign of weakness. However, this is an oversimplification. For example, a trade deficit can occur during periods of strong economic growth, when a country's businesses and consumers are buying more goods from overseas. Conversely, a trade surplus could occur during an economic downturn, when there is lower domestic demand for foreign goods.
• Currency Implications: Trade balances can affect the value of a country's currency in the foreign exchange markets. A sustained trade surplus can put upward pressure on a country's currency value, while a sustained trade deficit can put downward pressure on it.
• Impact on Domestic Industries: Constant trade deficits may harm domestic industries as they have to compete with cheaper or better foreign goods. On the other hand, continuous trade surpluses might lead to protectionist policies which can hinder competition and innovation in the long run.
• Debt Levels: Countries with large and persistent trade deficits often need to borrow from other countries to finance their deficits. This can increase the country's overall debt levels and make it more vulnerable to economic crises.
• Politics and Trade Policy: Trade surpluses and deficits can have significant impacts on politics and the development of trade policies. For instance, countries facing trade deficits may be more inclined to implement protectionist policies, such as tariffs and quotas, to protect domestic industries. On the other hand, those with trade surpluses might face pressure from other nations to open their markets more.

The correct answer is 150 million km.

Key Points

• The distance between the sun and the earth is 150.82 million km.
• The distance is referred to as one astronomical unit-the distance light travels in about eight and a half minutes.
• The distance between the Earth and the Sun varies slightly over the course of the year.
• The sun is the nearest star to earth.
• It is continuously emitting heat and light. It is the main source of heat and light energy for all planets in our solar system.
• In our solar system, the Earth is the only habitable planet.
• The existence of life on Earth is attributed to many ideal factors, including the presence of an atmosphere and water, as well as the appropriate distance from the sun.
• The earth appears bluish-green from outer space as light from the landmass and water bodies gets reflected.

Additional Information

• The Sun
• The sun is by far the largest object in our solar system. It contains 99.8 percent of the solar system’s mass and is a hot ball of glowing gases.
• The gravity of the Sun holds the Solar system together keeping everything in its orbit.
• Planets orbit the sun in oval-shaped paths called ellipses, with the sun slightly off-center of each ellipse. Without the Sun’s energy, there will be no life on earth.
• The Earth
• The earth is the 3rd nearest planet to the sun, it is the fifth-largest planet.
• It is slightly flattened at the poles. Hence, its shape is described as a Geoid.
• The Earth has only one moon.
• It is known as the Blue Planet.

The correct answer is  Nadaprabhu Kempegowda.

Key Points

• PM Modi on 11th Nov 2022 unveiled a 108-feet tall bronze statue of Sri Nadaprabhu Kempegowda in Bengaluru.
• The ‘Statue of Prosperity’ has been built to commemorate the contribution of Nadaprabhu Kempegowda, the founder of Bengaluru.
• It has been conceptualised & sculpted by Ram V Sutar, sculptor of Statue of Unity.
• 98 tonnes of bronze & 120 tonnes of steel have gone into making this statue.

Additional Information

• ​Important Current Affairs Related to PM Narendra Modi:​ 
• PM Modi on 17th Oct 2022 inaugurated the two-day PM Kisan Samman Sammelan 2022 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi.
• PM Modi on 9th Oct 2022 declared Modhera in Gujarat's Mehsana district as India's first 24x7 solar-powered village.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Akshaya Patra Foundation’s new midday meal kitchen in Varanasi on 7 July 2022.
• PM Narendra Modi on 7 July 2022 inaugurated 'Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Samagam' on implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) in Varanasi.
• PM Modi laid the foundation stone and inaugurated several projects worth 33000 crore rupees in Bengaluru on 20 June 2022.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated ‘Kranti Gatha’ on 14 June 2022.
• PM Modi on 10 June 2022 inaugurated the headquarters of the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) at Bopal in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

The famous dancer T Balasaraswati was an exponent of Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam is a classical dance style that originated in Tamil Nadu's South Indian state, making this dance style well known in various parts of India and many parts of the world.
• In 1957 she was awarded the Padma Bhushan and in 1977 the Padma Vibhushan.
• She received the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani Award from The Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai, in 1981.
• She was the only non-western dancer included in a Dance Heritage Coalition compilation, "The Irreplaceable Treasures of Dance in America: The First 100" (2000).
• Satyajit Ray, a Bengali film director, made a documentary film on Balasaraswati called Bala (1976).

The correct answer is telephone service.

Key Points

• Means of personal communication refers to methods of communication that allow individuals to directly interact with each other.
• Television is not a means of personal communication as it is a one-way broadcast medium and does not allow for direct interaction between individuals.
• Computers can be used for personal communication through various means such as email, instant messaging, and video conferencing.
• Radio is not a means of personal communication as it is a one-way broadcast medium and does not allow for direct interaction between individuals.
• Telephone service is a means of personal communication as it allows individuals to directly interact with each other through voice communication.
• Other means of personal communication include face-to-face conversations**, text messaging, and social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.**

Additional Information 

The correct answer is 300 A.

Key Points

• Right to Property which is removed from the list of Fundamental Rights through the 44th Amendment becomes a simple legal right under Article 300A.
• The 44th Amendment of 1978 removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights.
• A new provision, Article 300-A, was added to the constitution, which provided that "no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law".
• It has been held to be a human right and a constitutional right.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Jagdeep Dhankhar.

Key Points

• Former West Bengal governor & National Democratic Alliance (NDA) candidate Jagdeep Dhankhar was elected the 14th Vice President of India on 6 August 2022.
• Mr Dhankhar defeated the Opposition’s candidate, Ms Margaret Alva, by a margin of 346 votes.
• He will succeed M Venkaiah Naidu.
• Mr Dhankhar will take the oath of office on 11 August 2022.

Additional Information

• Bhagat Singh Koshyari is a politician and a former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand. He was appointed as the Governor of Maharashtra in September 2019.
• Arif Mohammed Khan is a politician and a former Member of Parliament. He was appointed as the Governor of Kerala in September 2019.
• Biswabhusan Harichandan is a politician and a former Minister in the Government of Odisha. He was appointed as the Governor of Andhra Pradesh in July 2019.

The correct answer is a canal.

Key Points

• A canal is a method of irrigation that involves the use of artificial waterways to supply water to crops. This method is widely used in agriculture to irrigate large areas of land.
• Double cropping is a practice of growing two crops in the same field in a single growing season. This method is used to maximize the use of land and increase crop yield.
• Ploughing is a process of turning over the soil to prepare it for planting. This method is used to loosen the soil and remove weeds, making it easier for crops to grow.
• Step cultivation is a method of farming that involves the creation of terraced fields on steep slopes. This method is used to prevent soil erosion and conserve water.
• It is important to choose the right method of irrigation depending on the type of crop, soil, and climate conditions.

Additional Information

• Double cropping: This practice is common in areas with a long growing season and mild winters, such as the southern United States.
• Ploughing: This method has been used for centuries and is still widely used today, although modern ploughs are more efficient and require less labor.
• Step cultivation: This method is commonly used in mountainous regions, such as Southeast Asia and the Andes Mountains in South America.
• Canal: Canals can be either natural or artificial and are used to transport water from one place to another. They are commonly used in irrigation systems to supply water to crops.

Important Points

• Furrow irrigation-
• Furrow irrigation is a method of laying out the water channels in such a way where gravity plays the role of providing just enough water for suitable plants to grow. It is usually made by the planned placement of ridges and furrows. It is a kind of surface irrigation system.
• Sprinkler irrigation-
• There is no requirement of using many areas of your field for setting up sprinkler irrigation. The interference with cultivation for setting up the sprinkler irrigation is very less.
• Frequent application of water can be supplied to the plants automatically. The water distribution will always be equal.
• Drip Irrigation-
• It drips water straight into the root zone and also minimizes evaporation. There are some networks that are used to distribute water equally among all the plants. These are valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters.
• Due to improper water supply, fertilizers and nutrients cannot reach the roots of every plant. Drip Irrigation system helps it to reach effectively.
• Contour farming –
• Contour cultivation (contour farming, contour plowing) is a sustainable way of farming where farmers plant crops across or perpendicular to slopes to follow the contours of a slope of a field. This arrangement of plants breaks up the flow of water and makes it harder for soil erosion to occur.
• Plowing and planting across slope contours create man-made water breaks that not only allow enough time for the water to enter the soil, but also to settles the topsoil without washing it down the slope.

The correct answer is Caesium.

 Key Points

• A semi-metal, also known as a metalloid, is an element that has properties of both metals and non-metals. It typically has a shiny appearance, but is brittle and can be a poor conductor of electricity.
• Cesium is a highly reactive alkali metal and is not a semi-metal. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali metal with a melting point of only 28.5, making it one of the few metals that are liquid at or near room temperature.
• The chemical elements known as semimetals or metalloids are those that share characteristics with both metals and nonmetals.
• Important semiconductors and metalloids are frequently utilized in computers and other electrical devices.
• Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium, and Tennessine are examples of semimetals.
• Metalloids are often solids that have a shiny appearance and are brittle. They function as insulators while they are at room temperature, but transform into conductors when they are heated or mixed with other elements.
• On the periodic table, metalloids are arranged in a zigzag pattern between boron and aluminum and continue down to polonium and astatine.

Additional Information 

• Germanium is a semi-metal, with properties similar to both silicon and metals. It is used in the production of semiconductor devices, infrared optics, and as a catalyst.
• Arsenic is also a semi-metal, with properties similar to both metals and non-metals. It is used in the production of pesticides, semiconductors, and as a doping agent in the production of transistors.
• Silicon is a semi-metal and is widely used in the production of semiconductors, solar cells, and other electronic devices.

The correct answer is Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of the world.

Key Points

• Freshwater:
• Freshwater is water that contains only minimal quantities of dissolved salts, thus distinguishing it from seawater or brackish water.
• All freshwater ultimately comes from precipitation of atmospheric water vapor, reaching inland lakes, rivers, and groundwater bodies directly, or after melting of snow or ice.
• Freshwater is vital to life and yet it is a finite resource.
• Of all the water on Earth, just 3% is fresh water.
• Although critical to natural and human communities, freshwater is threatened by a myriad of forces including overdevelopment, polluted runoff, and global warming.
• With this in mind, WWF partners with communities, businesses, and others to decrease pollution, increase water efficiency, and protect natural areas to ensure enough clean water exists to conserve wildlife and provide a healthy future for all.
• Water is an amazing element. It is unique because it can be naturally found as a solid, liquid, or gas.
• As lakes, oceans, rivers, and streams increase in temperature, some water will change from liquid to gas, collecting together into clouds of moisture.
• As these clouds float over cooler seas or land, some of the moisture falls as rain or snow.
• Rain and snow that falls on the land either seeps into low places feeding aquifers and groundwater tables or flows downhill, forming headwaters.
• These headwaters flow into streams, which in turn flow into rivers or lakes.
• Eventually, these waters flow to the sea, starting the cycle over again.

Additional Information

• The following table gives the percentage of each water reservoir:

The correct answer is Uma Thomas.

Key Points

• Uma Thomas became a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Thrikkakara constituency, Kerala in June 2022.
• She belongs to the Indian National Congress (INC) party and won the seat by defeating the incumbent MLA and Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidate P.T. Thomas.
• Pinarayi Vijayan is the current Chief Minister of Kerala and represents the Dharmadom constituency in the state assembly. He was not elected from Thrikkakara constituency in June 2022.
• Amit Shah is a national-level politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and currently serves as the Minister of Home Affairs in the Government of India. He has not contested any assembly elections in Kerala recently.
• Jagdeep Dhankhar is the Governor of West Bengal and has no connection to the Kerala assembly elections.

Additional Information

• A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative, elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of the State government in the Indian system of government.
• From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
• Each state is divided into a specific number of Assembly constituencies.
• In this case, the elected representative is called the Member of the Legislative Assembly or an MLA.
• Each Parliamentary constituency has several assembly constituencies.

The correct answer is retention.

Key Points

• Nutrient retention is the process of preserving the nutrient content of food during processing, handling, and cooking. It ensures that the food retains its nutritional value and quality.
• Consumers are becoming more health-conscious and are seeking foods that are rich in nutrients. Therefore, food manufacturers are focusing on nutrient retention to meet consumer demand.
• Contamination refers to the presence of harmful substances in food, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. It can cause foodborne illnesses and pose a risk to public health.
• Adulteration involves adding inferior or harmful substances to food to increase its quantity or improve its appearance. It is a fraudulent practice that can deceive consumers and compromise their health.
• Exclusion does not relate to the preservation of nutrients in food. It means the act of keeping something or someone out or preventing their participation.

The correct answer is 1.55 m.

 Key Points

• The height of Badminton posts is 1.55 meters.
• The Badminton posts are placed at a distance of 6.1 meters from each other.
• The posts are made of metal or wood and are cylindrical in shape.
• The posts are fixed firmly into the ground with the help of a base plate.
  

Additional Information

• The height of the Badminton net is 1.524 meters from the ground level.
• The diameter of the post should not exceed 10 cm and the length should not exceed 1.55 meters.
• The Badminton posts should be painted white and should have a smooth surface.
• The Badminton posts should be placed at a distance of 0.76 meters from the doubles sidelines.
• The Badminton posts are an essential part of the game as they hold the net in place and define the boundaries of the court.

The correct answer is Tanjore Balasaraswati.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam is a classical Indian dance form that originated in Tamil Nadu.
• Tanjore Balasaraswati was a renowned Bharatanatyam dancer who was known for her impeccable technique and emotive performances. She was born into a family of musicians and dancers and was trained by her mother, who was also a Bharatanatyam dancer.
• It is known for its graceful movements, intricate footwork, and expressive facial expressions.
• Bharatanatyam has been recognized as one of the eight classical dance forms of India by the Sangeet Natak Akademi.
• Bharatanatyam, presumably the oldest classical dance of India is regarded as the mother of many other Indian classical dance forms.
• It is indigenous to the Tamil Nadu region and prevalent in southern India.
• Its techniques and terminology have been traced back to ancient texts such as the Natya-shastra.
• Bharatanatyam was originally performed exclusively by female temple dancers and was not brought to the stage for public performance until about 1930.
• Alarippu, Jatiswaram, Shabdam, Padam, Varnam are some of the elements of Bharatanatyam.

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Additional Information

• Sitara Devi was a Kathak dancer, not a Bharatanatyam performer.
• Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma was a Mohiniyattam performer, not a Bharatanatyam performer.
• Satyanarayana Sarma is a well-known Kuchipudi dancer, not a Bharatanatyam performer.

Shortcut Trick

Total work = 40 × 15 = 600 man-days.

Remaining work after 5 days = 600 − (40 × 5) = 400 man-days.

Current workforce after 10 men join = 40 + 10 = 50 men.

Time required for the remaining work = 400 ÷ 50 = 8 days.

Total time to complete the work = 5 days + 8 days = 13 days.

∴ The correct answer is 13 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

40 men can complete the work in 15 days.

After 5 days of working, 10 more men joined.

Formula Used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Time taken by 40 men to finish the whole work = 15 days.

⇒ Since time is inversely proportional to the number of men, time taken by 10 men = 15 × (40 ÷ 10) = 60 days.

⇒ Let's use the LCM method to find the total work units and individual group efficiencies:

⇒ Total efficiency of 50 men (40 + 10) = 4 + 1 = 5 units/day.

⇒ Work completed by 40 men in the first 5 days = Efficiency × Days = 4 × 5 = 20 units.

⇒ Remaining work = Total Work − Completed Work = 60 − 20 = 40 units.

⇒ Time taken by 50 men to complete the remaining work = Remaining Work ÷ Total Efficiency = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 days.

⇒ Total time to complete the whole work = Initial 5 days + 8 days = 13 days.

∴ The correct answer is 13 days.

Additional Information

MDH Concept

For a group of men working, the relationship is given by (M₁ × D₁ × H₁) ÷ W₁ = (M₂ × D₂ × H₂) ÷ W₂, where M = Men, D = Days, H = Hours, and W = Work.

Total Work Concept

Total Work = Number of Workers × Number of Days. This remains constant if the required task is the same, meaning more workers will always take proportionally fewer days (Inverse Proportion).

Alternate Day Work

If two workers or groups work on alternate days, calculate the combined work done in a single 2-day cycle to find out how many full cycles are needed to reach the total work.

Given

Initial price = ₹2,500

Decrease in revenue = 15%

Increase in sale = 50%

Concept:

Revenue = Price x Quantity sold

Steps:

Initial ticket price (P1) = ₹2,500.

Ticket sales increased by 50%, so final sales (Q2) = 1.5 × initial sales (Q1).

Revenue decreased by 15%, so final revenue (R2) = 0.85 × initial revenue (R1).

R1 = P1 × Q1 and R2 = P2 × Q2.

But R2 = 0.85 × R1, so 0.85 × P1 × Q1 = P2 × 1.5 × Q1.

Solving for P2 gives P2 = 0.85 × P1/1.5.

Substituting P1 = ₹2,500 gives P2 = ₹1,416.67.

Hence, the reduced price of the ticket was approximately ₹1416.67.

Shortcut Trick

Initial parts of Milk = 18 and Water = 8. Total = 26 units.

To make the ratio equal, each component must be 26 ÷ 2 = 13 units.

Reduction needed in Milk = 18 − 13 = 5 units.

Fraction of mixture to be replaced = (Quantity of Milk to be removed) ÷ (Initial quantity of Milk).

Fraction = 5/18.

∴ The correct answer is 5/18.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial Milk = 18 parts, Initial Water = 8 parts.

Calculations:

⇒ Total initial mixture = 18 + 8 = 26 units.

⇒ Let the fraction of mixture removed and replaced by water be k.

⇒ Quantity of Milk in the remaining mixture = 18 − (18 × k).

⇒ For equal ratio, Milk must be half of the total volume.

⇒ Final Milk = 26 ÷ 2 = 13 units.

⇒ 18 − 18k = 13

⇒ 18k = 18 − 13

⇒ 18k = 5

⇒ k = 5/18

∴ The correct answer is 5/18.

Additional Information

Mixture Replacement Rule

When a part of a mixture is replaced by one of its ingredients, the total volume remains constant, but the concentration of the replaced ingredient increases.

Final Concentration Formula

Final amount of liquid = Initial amount × (1 − Quantity Replaced ÷ Total Quantity). This is used repeatedly for multiple replacements.

Ratio Balance Method

If Milk:Water = a:b is changed to 1:1 by replacing with water, the fraction removed is (a − b) ÷ (2a).

Given

Increase in height = 25%

Decrease in radius = 15%

Concept:

Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2πrh

Solution:

⇒ New height = 1.25h

⇒ New radius = 0.85r

⇒ New surface area = 2π(0.85r)(1.25h)

⇒ Percentage change = (New surface area - Old surface area)/Old surface area x 100 = ((2π(0.85r)(1.25h) - 2πrh)/2πrh) x 100 = 6.25%

Therefore, the curved surface area increases by 6.25%.

Given

Initial amount = ₹1,20,000

Interest rate = 12% per annum

Number of years = 2022 - 2019 = 3 years

Concept: Compound Interest formula, A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Solution:

⇒ Final amount = 1,20,000 (1 + 0.12)³

⇒ Final amount ≈ ₹1,68,591

Therefore, the approximate value in the year 2022 will be ₹₹1,68,591.

Given

A and B can finish the work in 16 days.

B can finish the work alone in 24 days.

Concept: Work = rate × time

Solution:

⇒ Work done by A and B in one day = 1/16

⇒ Work done by B in one day = 1/24

⇒ Work done by A in one day = 1/16 - 1/24 = 1/48

⇒ So, A alone can finish the work in 48 days.

Therefore, A alone can finish the project in 48 days.

Given

Distance between policeman and thief = 120 m

Policeman's speed = 26 m/min

Thief's speed = 20 m/min

Concept:

Relative speed and time = distance/speed

Solution:

⇒ Relative speed = 26 m/min - 20 m/min = 6 m/min

⇒ Time = 120 m / 6 m/min = 20 minutes

Therefore, the policeman will catch the thief in 20 minutes.

Given

Cost price of almirah = ₹15,500

Transportation cost = ₹260

Profit percent = 20%

Concept:

Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit

Solution:

⇒ Total cost price = ₹15,500 + ₹260 = ₹15,760

⇒ Profit = 20% of ₹15,760 = ₹3,152

⇒ Selling price = ₹15,760 + ₹3,152 = ₹18,912

Therefore, the almirah should be sold for ₹18,912 to gain 20% profit.

Given

Initial distance = 420 m

Policeman's speed = 25 km/h

Thief's speed = 20 km/h

Time = 3 min

Concept:

Relative speed and distance = speed × time

Solution:

⇒ Convert speeds from km/h to m/min: Policeman's speed = 25 × 1000/60 = 416.67 m/min, Thief's speed = 20 × 1000/60 = 333.33 m/min

⇒ Relative speed = 416.67 m/min - 333.33 m/min = 83.33 m/min

⇒ Distance covered in 3 min = 83.33 m/min × 3 min = 250 m

⇒ Remaining distance = 420 m - 250 m = 170 m

Therefore, the distance between them after three minutes is 170 m.

Given

9 ÷ $\frac{3}{5}$ + 25 $\left(\frac{4}{5}+\frac{3}{15}\right)$ - 9 of $\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)$ 

Solution:

⇒ Evaluate the expression = 9 ÷ $\frac{3}{5}$ + 25 $\left(\frac{4}{5}+\frac{3}{15}\right)$ - 9 of $\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)$ 

⇒ 15 + 25 × $\left(\frac{15}{15}\right)$ - 6

⇒ 15 + 25 - 6 = 34

Therefore, the value of the given expression is 34.

Shortcut Trick

The LCM of the first n natural numbers is the product of the highest prime powers ≤ n.

When extending the LCM from 110 to 115, we only look for new prime powers in the range 111 to 115.

The new numbers added are 111, 112, 113, 114, and 115.

113 is the only new prime number, and there are no higher powers of smaller primes (like 2⁷ or 3⁵).

Therefore, we just multiply the previous LCM (N) by 113.

∴ The correct answer is 113N.

Alternate Method

Given:

LCM(1, 2, ..., 110) = N

Calculations:

⇒ LCM(1, 2, ..., 115) = LCM(N, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115)

⇒ Let us write the prime factorization of the new terms:

⇒ 111 = 3¹ × 37¹

⇒ 112 = 2⁴ × 7¹

⇒ 113 = 113¹ (Prime)

⇒ 114 = 2¹ × 3¹ × 19¹

⇒ 115 = 5¹ × 23¹

⇒ N already contains the highest powers of all primes ≤ 110.

⇒ Max power of 3 in N is 3⁴ = 81 and 37 is 37¹ → 111 completely divides N.

⇒ Max power of 2 in N is 2⁶ = 64 and 7 is 7² = 49 → 112 completely divides N.

⇒ Max powers of 19 and 23 are 19¹ and 23¹ → 114 and 115 completely divide N.

⇒ 113 is a prime number strictly greater than 110, so it is not present as a factor in N.

⇒ Required LCM = N × 113 = 113N

∴ The correct answer is 113N.

Additional Information

LCM of Consecutive Numbers

The LCM of the first n natural numbers is formed by multiplying the highest power of every prime number that is less than or equal to n.

Extending LCM to Larger Ranges

To find the LCM of the first n+k numbers when the LCM of the first n numbers is known, simply multiply the old LCM by any prime numbers or new higher powers of primes that occur within the range (n, n+k].

Identifying New Prime Powers

If a composite number added to the range is made strictly of prime powers already smaller than n, it will not change the overall LCM. Only new prime numbers (like 113) or prime powers exceeding the previous maximums will affect it.

Given

Total weight of fruits = 12 kg

Total cost = 12 kg × ₹100/kg = ₹1200

Weight of apples = 8 kg, cost = 8 kg × ₹90/kg = ₹720

Weight of mangoes = 4 kg

Concept:

Average cost calculation

Solution:

⇒ Cost of mangoes = total cost - cost of apples = ₹1200 - ₹720 = ₹480

⇒ Cost per kg of mangoes = total cost of mangoes/weight of mangoes = ₹480/4 kg = ₹120/kg

Therefore, the cost of mangoes is ₹120 per kg.

Given

Total surface area of the sphere = 22176 cm²

Concept:

Surface area of a sphere = 4πr², and Diameter = 2r

Solution:

⇒ 4πr² = 22176 cm²

⇒ r² = 22176 / (4π)

⇒ r = sqrt(22176 / (4π))

⇒ r = 42 cm

⇒ Diameter = 2r ≈ 84 cm

Therefore, the diameter of the sphere is 84 cm.

Given

Compound interest for 3 years = Rs. 4900

Compound interest for 5 years = Rs. 6400

Concept:

The formula for compound interest A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), and that the difference in compound interest for two periods is the compound interest for the period in between.

Solution:

⇒ Compound interest for the period from the 3rd year to the 5th year = Rs. 6400 - Rs. 4900 = Rs. 1500

⇒ This amount is the interest for 2 years on the amount of Rs. 4900.

⇒ Using the compound interest formula, we have 4900(1 + r/100)² = 6400.

⇒ Solve for r to get r = 14$\frac{2}{7}$% per annum.

Therefore, the rate of interest per annum is 14$\frac{2}{7}$%.

Given

12 men build a 60-meter wall in 5 days.

Concept:

The work done is proportional to the number of men and the number of days.

Solution:

⇒ 12 men × 5 days = 60 meters.

⇒ 1 man × 1 day = 60 meters/(12 × 5)

⇒ 24 men × 2 days = 24 × 2 × (60 meters/(12 × 5)) = 48 meters.

Therefore, 24 men can build a 48-meter wall in 2 days.

Given data:

Marked price of the book = ₹800

Two successive discounts of 20% each or 30% and 10%.

Concept: Successive discount formula

Steps:

⇒ After two successive discounts of 20% each, the selling price = 800 × (1 - 0.2)² = ₹512

⇒ After two successive discounts of 30% and 10%, the selling price = 800 × (1-0.3) × (1 - 0.1) = ₹504

⇒ The difference = ₹512 - ₹504 = ₹8

Therefore, Ramesh would have saved ₹8 more if he chose the 30% and 10% discount scheme.

Shortcut Trick

When the profit percentage equals the loss percentage on an item, the Cost Price (CP) is the exact average of the two selling prices.

CP = (1920 + 1280) ÷ 2 = 3200 ÷ 2 = Rs.1,600

Required SP for 25% profit = CP × 1.25

SP = 1600 × (125 ÷ 100) = 1600 × (5 ÷ 4) = Rs.2,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs.2,000.

Alternate Method

SP (Loss) 1280

CP ?

SP (Profit) 1920

Loss % Profit %

Given:

Selling Price 1 (SP₁) = Rs.1,920

Selling Price 2 (SP₂) = Rs.1,280

Profit % on SP₁ = Loss % on SP₂

Formula Used:

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Since Profit % = Loss %, we have (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Profit = Loss

⇒ SP₁ − CP = CP − SP₂

⇒ 1920 − CP = CP − 1280

⇒ 2CP = 1920 + 1280

⇒ 2CP = 3200

⇒ CP = Rs.1,600

⇒ To make a 25% profit, New SP = CP + (25% of CP)

⇒ New SP = 1600 × (1 + 25 ÷ 100)

⇒ New SP = 1600 × (1 + 1 ÷ 4)

⇒ New SP = 1600 × 5 ÷ 4 = Rs.2,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs.2,000.

Additional Information

Cost Price vs Selling Price

Cost Price (CP) is the amount paid to purchase an item. Selling Price (SP) is the amount at which the item is sold. Profit or Loss is always calculated over the Cost Price unless specified otherwise.

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). Final SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Successive Discount

If two successive discounts of x% and y% are given, the equivalent single discount percentage is equal to [x + y − (x × y) ÷ 100]%.

Given:

Price increase = 12%

Sale reduction = 20%

Calculation:

Let the original price be 100x rupees

⇒ New price = 112x rupees

Let the old sales be 100y units

⇒ New sales = 80y units

Old revenue = 100x × 100y = 10000xy

New revenue = 112x × 80y = 8960xy

Thus, revenue decreased by (10000xy - 8960xy) = 1040xy

Impact on revenue = [(1040xy)/(10000xy)] × 100

⇒ Impact on revenue = 10.4%

∴ The revenue decreased by 10.4%.

Given data:

Price of mobile = ₹40,000

Price of laptop = ₹90,000

Price of mobile cover = ₹400

Concept: Total discount is the sum of the individual discounts.

Steps:

⇒ Discount on mobile = ₹40,000 x 10% = ₹4,000

⇒ Discount on laptop = ₹90,000 x 20% = ₹18,000

⇒ Discount on mobile cover = ₹400 x 3% = ₹12

⇒ Total discount = ₹4,000 + ₹18,000 + ₹12 = ₹22,012

Therefore, the total discount Ajay got is ₹22,012.

Shortcut Trick

Initial Milk : Water = 4 : 1

Final Milk : Water = 3 : 1

Since only water is added, make the milk ratio parts equal by multiplying initial ratio by 3 and final by 4.

Initial = 12 : 3 (Total = 15 parts = 90 litres → 1 part = 6 litres)

Final = 12 : 4 (Water added = 4 − 3 = 1 part)

∴ The correct answer is 6 litres.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total initial mixture = 90 litres

Initial ratio of milk to water = 4 : 1

Final ratio of milk to water = 3 : 1

Calculations:

⇒ Total initial parts = 4 + 1 = 5 parts

⇒ Initial quantity of milk = (4 / 5) × 90 = 72 litres

⇒ Initial quantity of water = (1 / 5) × 90 = 18 litres

⇒ Let x litres of water be added to the mixture.

⇒ New quantity of water = (18 + x) litres

⇒ Since no milk is added, the milk quantity remains strictly 72 litres.

⇒ The new ratio of milk to water is 3 : 1

⇒ 72 / (18 + x) = 3 / 1

⇒ 3 × (18 + x) = 72

⇒ 54 + 3x = 72

⇒ 3x = 72 − 54 = 18

⇒ x = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6 litres.

Additional Information

Constant Component Method

When a pure component (like water) is added to or removed from a mixture, the total quantity of the other component (like milk) remains completely constant. You can simply equalize the constant component parts in the before and after ratios to instantly find the change in the added component parts.

Alligation Method

This problem can also be solved using alligation on water concentration. Initial mixture has 20% (1/5) water, added pure water is 100%, and final mixture has 25% (1/4) water. The ratio of initial mixture to pure water will be (100 − 25) : (25 − 20) = 75 : 5 = 15 : 1.

Mixture Replacement Formula

If a part of the mixture is removed and identically replaced with water, the concentration of milk after n replacements is given by: Final Milk = Initial Milk × (1 − Replaced Quantity / Total Volume)ⁿ.

The correct answer is 'Experiences'.

Key Points

• Among the given options 'experiences' is a correctly spelt word which is option 4.
• Experiences: the things that you have done in your life; the knowledge or skill that you get from seeing or doing something. (जीवन में किए गए काम; किसी काम कों देखने अथवा करने से प्राप्त ज्ञान अथवा कौशल, अनुभव, तजुरबा)
• Example: We all learn by experience.
  

Correct Answer: Experiences.

The correct answer is 'intervantions'.

Key Points

• The misspelled word in the sentence is "intervantions." The correct spelling should be "interventions."
• In Hindi: "हस्तक्षेप" (Hastakshap)
• "Interventions" refers to actions or steps taken to improve a situation, solve a problem, or alter a course of events for the better. In an educational setting, interventions might include additional support, specialized teaching methods, or strategies implemented to help students succeed academically or behaviorally.
• Example: The teacher implemented various interventions to support struggling students in the classroom.
  

Correct Answer: Intervantions.

The correct answer is "Travelling on a."

Key Points

• The verb "travel" requires a preposition to indicate the mode of transportation, such as "by," "on," or "in."
• In this sentence, the phrase "on a hot dusty train" describes how the speaker is traveling.
• The correct preposition to use with "train" is "on."
• Therefore, the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment is "Travelling on a."
  

Correct Sentence: Travelling on a hot dusty train gives me no pleasure.

The correct answer is 'untrue'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the underlined word 'false' is 'untrue'.
• False: not true; not correct. (असत्‍य, ग़लत)
• Example: I think the information you have been given is false.
• Untrue: not true; not based on facts. (असत्‍य, झूठा; जो तथ्‍यों पर आधारित नहीं, निराधार, बेबुनियाद)
• Example: These accusations are totally untrue.
  

Correct Answer: Untrue.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• genuine: real; true. (वास्‍तविक; असली)
• correct: with no mistakes; right or true. (शुद्घ, त्रुटिहीन; सही या सत्‍य)
• right: correct; true. (शुद्घ, सही; सच)

The correct answer is 'to meeting'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• The segment that contains a grammatical error is: "to meeting."
• Here, 'to meet' should be used instead of 'to meeting'.
• The error lies in the incorrect use of the infinitive form of the verb "to meet." In this context, the correct infinitive form should be used ("to meet") instead of "to meeting," which is not grammatically accurate in this sentence structure.
  

Correct Sentence: I visit my school once a year to meet my former teachers.

The correct answer is 'perplexed'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'at sea' is 'perplexed'.
• At sea: not understanding or not knowing what to do. (उलझन में, परेशान; किंकर्तव्यविमूढ़)
• Example: With no data they could depend on, they were completely at sea.

The correct answer is 'Inactive'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'Slack' is 'Inactive'.
• Slack: loose; not tightly stretched. (शिथिल, ढीला; जो कसा हुआ न हो)
• Example: Leave the rope slack.
• Inactive: doing nothing; not active. (कुछ न करने वाला; निष्क्रिय)
• Example: The virus remains inactive in the body.
  

Correct Answer: Inactive.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Hyperactive: (used especially about children and their behaviour) not able to sit still and keep quiet for more than a short period of time and difficult to control; too active or easily excited. [(विशेषकर बच्चों और उनके व्यवहार के संदर्भ में) बहुत देर तक शांत बैठने में असमर्थ तथा नियंत्रित करने में कठिन; अतिसक्रिय या सहज उत्तेजित होनेवाला; अतिक्रियाशील]
• Provocation: doing or saying something deliberately to try to make somebody angry or upset; something that is said or done to cause this. (किसी को क्रोधित या परेशान करने के लिए जान-बूझकर की गई बात, हरकत आदि)
• Tight: fixed firmly in position and difficult to move or remove. [किसी स्‍थान पर कसकर बँधा हुआ (जिसका हिलना या जिसे हिलाना कठिन हो)]

The correct answer is 'one's work'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• "One must do one's work" is correct because it uses the singular form "one" consistently throughout the sentence.
• In this case, "one" is used as an indefinite pronoun, referring to an unspecified person in a general sense. When using "one" as a subject, it's typical to maintain the consistency by using "one's" as the possessive pronoun.
• Here is the sentence breakdown: 
• "One must" is the subject followed by the verb "must." This structure is commonly used to indicate a general obligation or requirement.
• "Do one's work": "Do" is the verb, and "one's work" is the object. "One's" is a possessive pronoun used to show that the work belongs to the indefinite person referenced as "one."
• This construction maintains consistency and clarity by using the same indefinite pronoun ("one") and its corresponding possessive form ("one's") within the sentence.
  

Correct Sentence: One must do one's work.

The correct answer is "go back to the drawing board."

Key Points 

• This idiom means to start something over again because it was not successful or satisfactory.
• "Go back to the drawing board" is often used in situations where a plan or idea did not work out as expected.
• The phrase comes from the idea of architects or engineers needing to return to their drawing boards to make changes or start over when a design is flawed.
  

Additional Information

• Option 1, "break new ground," means to do something that has never been done before or to make a significant innovation.
• Option 2, "get a pat on the back," means to receive praise or recognition for something well done.
• Option 4, "break the back of something," means to complete a difficult or challenging task.

The correct answer is 'cloudy'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word 'gloomy' is 'cloudy'.
• Gloomy: dark in way that makes you feel sad. (ऐसा गहरा कि उदास कर दे)
• Example: This dark paint makes the room very gloomy.
• Cloudy: (used about the sky, etc.) full of clouds. [(आकाश) मेघाच्‍छन्‍न; बादलों से ढका]
• Example: cloudy water...
  

Correct Answer: cloudy.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• bright: having a lot of light. (प्रकाश-भरा, प्रदीप्‍त, उज्ज्वल, चमकीला)
• jovial: (used about a person) happy and friendly. [(व्‍यक्ति) प्रसन्‍न और मित्रवत]
• shiny: causing a bright effect when in the sun or in light. [चमकदार (धूप या रोशनी में)]

The correct answer is 'guessed that it was an aeroplane'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence is: guessed that it was an aeroplane.
• The sentence is narrating an action that occurred in the past ("heard" and "guessed").
• The correct verb tense to indicate a past action is "guessed," and it should be followed by "that it was," indicating the past tense of "is."
• This construction aligns with the context of the sentence, which is describing an action that happened in the past.
  

Correct Sentence: She heard a loud humming noise and guessed that it was an aeroplane.

The correct answer is 'still'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate homonym to fill in the blank in the sentence is: still.
• In this context, "still" means 'to remain motionless or without any movement'.
• It indicates that the person had to stay steady or not move while their picture was being taken.
• The other options ("lid," "chum," "shrill") do not convey the intended meaning of being motionless, unlike "still." 
  

Correct Sentence: I had to keep very still when the photographer was taking my picture.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Lid: A lid is a cover for the opening of a container, like a jar or a box. It's used to close or seal the container.
• Chum: Chum can refer to a close friend or pal. It's a casual term used to describe a close companion or buddy.
• Shrill: Shrill describes a high-pitched and piercing sound or voice, often loud and sharp in a way that may be unpleasant or jarring.

The correct answer is 'goodwill'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'malice' is 'goodwill'.
• Malice: a wish to hurt other people. (दूसरों को मानसिक पीड़ा पहुँचाने की अभिलाषा, दुर्भावना)
• Example: I bear no malice towards him.
• Goodwill: friendly, helpful feelings towards other people. (दूसरों के प्रति सद्‌भाव)
• Example: The visit was designed to promote friendship and goodwill.
  

Correct Answer: Goodwill.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• rancour: bitterness or resentfulness, especially when long standing. (विद्वेष)
• disdain: the feeling that somebody/something is not good enough to be respected. (यह भावना कि कोई सम्मानीय नहीं है, तिरस्‍कार, अवज्ञा)
• disgust: a strong feeling of not liking or approving of something/somebody that you feel is unacceptable, or something/somebody that looks, smells, etc. unpleasant. (प्रबल अनिच्‍छा, जुगुप्‍सा)

The correct answer is 'abrupt'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the underlined word 'brusque' is 'abrupt'.
• Brusque: using very few words and sounding rude. [कम शब्‍दों का प्रयोग करते हुए अशिष्‍ट व रूखा (व्‍यवहार, कथन आदि)]
• Example: He gave a brusque ‘No comment!’ and walked off.
• Abrupt: sudden and unexpected. (आकस्मिक और अप्रत्‍याशित)
• Example: an abrupt change of plan...
  

Correct Answer: abrupt.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• vociferous: expressing your opinions or feelings in a loud and confident way. (अपनी भावनाओं या विचारों को ज़ोरदार और गंभीर ढंग से व्‍यक्त करते हुए)
• brave: ready to do things that are dangerous or difficult without showing fear. (बहादुर, साहसी, वीर)
• pursue: to follow somebody/something in order to catch him/her/it. [किसी का पीछा करना (उसे पकड़ने के लिए)]

The correct answer is 'restored'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word 'destroyed' is 'restored'.
• Destroyed: to damage something so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists. (किसी वस्‍तु को इस तरह हानि पहुँचाना कि वह इस्‍तेमाल न हो सके या समाप्‍त हो जाए, नष्‍ट करना)
• Example: The building was destroyed by fire.
• Restored: to put somebody/something back into his/her/its former condition or position. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को उसकी पूर्व दशा या स्थिति में लाना)
• Example: She restores old furniture as a hobby.
  

Correct Answer: restored.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• reversed: to put something in the opposite position to normal or to how it was before. (पहले किए का उलटा या विपरीत करना)
• started: to begin doing something. (कुछ करना आरंभ करना)
• abolished: to end a law or system officially. (किसी क़ानून या प्रथा को आधिकारिक रूप से समाप्‍त करना)

The correct answer is 'game'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to fill the first blank is 'game'.
• The sentence structure suggests that the missing word is related to the context of playing a sport or activity.
• Considering the context of the passage, the word "game" best fits as it reflects the overall activity of playing tennis or some related game/sport. 
  

Correct Passage: And you could hardly call it a game at all, because Uncle Bob held his (2)_______ as though he had hold of a shovel, and tried to scoop up every ball that came over the net, even those he should have left for Uncle Ted. And then he took off his (3)______ and played in just his trousers and stockinged feet, and with his face split nearly in two by his grin, he started (4)______ over the net, and playing on Arnold's side instead. And the ball would (5)_______ on the roof of the house, or land in the rambler roses and bring down a shower of petals, and getting it again Uncle Bob would shake down more petals all over himself, so they'd be in his hair.

The correct answer is "racket".

Key Points

• The context of the passage describes a situation involving playing a sport or a game, likely tennis.
• In this context, the word "racket" refers to a piece of equipment used in games like tennis, typically consisting of a handled frame strung with cords.
  
• The passage depicts Uncle Bob's actions related to playing with a tennis racket, trying to scoop up balls over the net.
• Therefore, "racket" is the most fitting term here, as it aligns with the theme of the passage describing activities associated with playing tennis or a similar sport involving a racket and a ball.
  

Correct Passage: And you could hardly call it a game at all, because Uncle Bob held his racket as though he had hold of a shovel, and tried to scoop up every ball that came over the net, even those he should have left for Uncle Ted. And then he took off his (3)______ and played in just his trousers and stockinged feet, and with his face split nearly in two by his grin, he started (4)______ over the net, and playing on Arnold's side instead. And the ball would (5)_______ on the roof of the house, or land in the rambler roses and bring down a shower of petals, and getting it again Uncle Bob would shake down more petals all over himself, so they'd be in his hair.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:
• Softball is a type of ball used in the sport of softball, which is similar to baseball but with a larger ball and smaller field.
• A ball is a round object used in various sports, such as football, basketball, and volleyball.
• Cork is a material made from the bark of a tree, often used for wine bottle stoppers or bulletin boards.

The correct answer is 'shirt'.

Key Points

• In the context provided, the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 3 is indeed a "shirt."
• The corrected sentence should read: "And then he took off his shirt and played in just his trousers and stockinged feet..."
• The word "shirt" refers to an upper garment that covers the upper body. In the passage, Uncle Bob removes his shirt, indicating a change in attire during the described activity, likely a game of tennis or a similar sport.
• This action of removing his shirt aligns with the context, describing Uncle Bob's attire while engaged in the activity.
  

Correct Passage: And you could hardly call it a game at all, because Uncle Bob held his racket as though he had hold of a shovel, and tried to scoop up every ball that came over the net, even those he should have left for Uncle Ted. And then he took off his shirt and played in just his trousers and stockinged feet, and with his face split nearly in two by his grin, he started (4)______ over the net, and playing on Arnold's side instead. And the ball would (5)_______ on the roof of the house, or land in the rambler roses and bring down a shower of petals, and getting it again Uncle Bob would shake down more petals all over himself, so they'd be in his hair.

The correct answer is 'jumping'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word for the fourth blank is 'jumping'.
• In the context of a sports activity like tennis or a similar game, "jumping" over the net might signify an action that's more abrupt or forceful. It could imply that Uncle Bob is energetically crossing the net onto Arnold's side to play, possibly indicating a sudden movement with more force involved.
• While "skipping" might suggest a more light-hearted or playful movement, "jumping" could denote a more purposeful and forceful action, aligning with the context of sports where a player might energetically cross the net to switch sides.
• Therefore, if "jumping" is the correct option provided based on the context, it would indicate a more forceful or purposeful movement over the net in the context of the sport being played. 
  

Correct Passage: And you could hardly call it a game at all, because Uncle Bob held his racket as though he had hold of a shovel, and tried to scoop up every ball that came over the net, even those he should have left for Uncle Ted. And then he took off his shirt and played in just his trousers and stockinged feet, and with his face split nearly in two by his grin, he started jumping over the net, and playing on Arnold's side instead. And the ball would (5)_______ on the roof of the house, or land in the rambler roses and bring down a shower of petals, and getting it again Uncle Bob would shake down more petals all over himself, so they'd be in his hair.

The correct answer is 'bounce'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 5 is bounce.
• The term "bounce" aligns well with the action of a ball landing on the roof of the house or landing in the rambler roses and causing a shower of petals. When a ball hits a surface and returns upwards, it is said to "bounce."
• In the context provided, the word "bounce" indicates the action of the ball rebounding or springing off the surface after it lands on the roof or the roses. This action would lead to a shower of petals, as described in the passage.
• The term "bounce" best fits the context of a ball's action after it lands on a surface, causing the described effect of petals falling down.
  

Correct Passage: And you could hardly call it a game at all, because Uncle Bob held his racket as though he had hold of a shovel, and tried to scoop up every ball that came over the net, even those he should have left for Uncle Ted. And then he took off his shirt and played in just his trousers and stockinged feet, and with his face split nearly in two by his grin, he started jumping over the net, and playing on Arnold's side instead. And the ball would bounce on the roof of the house, or land in the rambler roses and bring down a shower of petals, and getting it again Uncle Bob would shake down more petals all over himself, so they'd be in his hair.

Hinglish

• Bounce :The action where an object or person moves quickly away from a surface or area after hitting it, usually under the influence of some force. Also, it can mean having resilience, an ability to recover from setbacks.
• Example: The ball will bounce if you drop it on the floor.
• Hindi: उछाल
• उदाहरण: अगर आप गेंद को फर्श पर गिराते हैं, तो यह उछलेगी।
• Flake : A small, thin piece of something, typically one that has broken away or been peeled off from a larger piece.
• Example: A flake of snow fell on her nose.
• Hindi: टुकड़ा
• उदाहरण: एक बर्फ का टुकड़ा उसकी नाक पर गिरा।
• Jump : To push oneself off a surface and into the air by using the muscles in one's legs and feet.
• Example: She jumped over the puddle to keep her shoes dry.
• Hindi: कूदना
• उदाहरण: उसने अपने जूतों को सूखा रखने के लिए कीचड़ के ऊपर कूद लिया।
• Leap : To make a large jump or sudden movement, usually from one place to another.
• Example: He had to leap over the fence to escape the angry dog.
• Hindi: उछलना
• उदाहरण: उसे क्रोधित कुत्ते से बचने के लिए बाड़ के ऊपर उछलना पड़ा।

चक्की के दो पाटों में कोई सबुत नहीं बचता।' इस वाक्य में से "सबुत" शब्द में वर्तनी की अशुद्धि है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• वाक्य-  चक्की के दो पाटों में कोई सबुत नहीं बचता।
• इस वाक्य में सबुत शब्द में वर्तनी की अशुद्धि है।
• इस वाक्य में सबुत शब्द के स्थान पर साबुत शब्द का प्रयोग होगा।
• सही वाक्य-  चक्की के दो पाटों में कोई साबुत नहीं बचता।

Important Pointsअन्य महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण-  

युद्ध का समानार्थी शब्द "सहचर" नहीं है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• युद्ध शब्द सहचर का समानार्थी नहीं है।
• रण, समर, संग्राम युद्ध का समानार्थी शब्द है।
• युद्ध के अन्य समानार्थी शब्द - 
• संग्राम, जंग, द्वंद्व, लड़ाई, संघर्ष, वॉर।
• सहचर के समानार्थी शब्द-
• सखा, सहचर, स्नेही, स्वजन, सुहृदय, साथी, दोस्त , संगी।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण समानार्थी शब्द- 

समुद्र का पर्यायवाची "पयोनिधि" है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• समुद्र शब्द का पर्यायवाची पयोनिधि है।
• समुद्र के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द-
• सागर, पयोधि, उदधि, पारावार, नदीश, जलधि, वारिधि, नीरनिधि।

Important Pointsअन्य विकल्प- 

रिक्त स्थान के लिए उपयुक्त विकल्प "छिड़कना" होगा। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points  

Important Points

वाक्य "मोहन तुम आकर क्षमा माँगेगा।" में सर्वनाम सम्बन्धी अशुद्धि है। अन्य  विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• वाक्य- मोहन तुम आकर क्षमा माँगेगा।
• इस वाक्य में सर्वनाम संबंधी अशुद्धि है।
• यहाँ तुम के स्थान पर तुमसे होगा।
• शुद्ध वाक्य- मोहन तुमसे आकर क्षमा माँगेगा।

Important Points

वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान के लिए उपयुक्त विकल्प- 1 "से अभिप्राय पांच नदियों की धरती से है" होगा। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• पांच नदियों की धरती - पंजाब।

Important Pointsअन्य महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण- 

वाक्य- "वह व्यक्ति उनका अनुचर है।" में प्रयुक्त 'अनुचर' के स्थान पर उसके समानार्थी शब्द का प्रयोग "वह व्यक्ति उनका निर्जर है।" वाक्य में नहीं किया गया है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• वाक्य- वह व्यक्ति उनका निर्जर है।
• इस वाक्य में निर्जर, अनुचर का समानार्थी शब्द नहीं है।
• अन्य वाक्य में प्रयुक्त शब्द सेवक, चाकर, नौकर अनुचर का समानार्थी शब्द है।
• अनुचर के अन्य समानार्थी शब्द- 
• आश्रित, दास, परिचारक।
• निर्जर के समानार्थी शब्द-
• देवता, वसु, अदितिनंदन, सुर, अमर्त्य, अमर, त्रिदश, आदित्य, देव, गीर्वाण, अस्वप्न, आदितेय, दैवत।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण समानार्थी शब्द- 

शुद्ध वाक्य "मोहन बहुत मेधावी छात्र है" होगा। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• शुद्ध वाक्य- मोहन बहुत मेधावी छात्र है।

Important Points