SSC CHSL Tier-1 2022: Official Paper (Held On: 20 March, 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. All hulk are flash → Follow (As all hulk are thor and all thor are flash. So, as whole hulk comes in thor which whole comes in flash therefore it is definitely true)

II. No thor is a hulk → Does not follow (As all hulk are thor. So, as no direct negative or cross relation is given between thor and hulk therefore it is definitely false)

∴ Here, Only I follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only I follows".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1) For 

 element : The '

' part of the element is shifting to the next alternate '

' part of the element and then immediate next ''

' in the clockwise direction.

​

Final series is :

Hence, ‘option - (2)’ is the correct answer.

Logic : Square if of 1^st number = 2^nd number

So,

• Option - (1) : 64 – 4032

$(64)^2$ = 4032

4096 ≠ 4032 (LHS  ≠ RHS)

• Option - (2) : 38 – 1444

$(38)^2$ = 1444

1444 = 1444 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (3) : 42 – 1764

$(42)^2$ = 1764

1764 = 1764 (LHS = RHS)

• Option - (4) : 52 – 2704

$(52)^2$ = 2704

2704 = 2704 (LHS = RHS)

Hence, "Option - (1)" is the incorrect answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The Second word is a device which is used to do the first word.

View: Binocular

→ Binocular is used to view the far distant objects.

Let's check each option as per the logic,

1) Spade: Dig

→ The order of words is incorrect. 

2) Pen: Write

→ The order of words is incorrect.

3) Shoot: Gun 

→ Gun is used to shoot → Follow the logic.

4) Feed: Spanner

→ Spanner is used to grip the things, not feed.

Here, we can see that only Option 3 follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Shoot: Gun".

The logic followed here is :-

• First and third letters → Interchanged their positions.
• Second and fourth letters → (1) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

​So,

• WIRE : RJWF

​

And,

• PICK : CJPL

​

Similarly,

• IMLI : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "LNIJ".

The number of triangles are shown below:

Thus, as marked above there are total 12 triangles in the give figure.

Hence, "12" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when mirror is placed at AB is as shown below:

Detailed Explanation:

• The line AB is the mirror
• The arrow element inside the box '

' is same as in the original figure '

' but should be '

' and should be positioned at the left up corner  ⇒ Option 1 is eliminated.

• The arrow element inside the box '

' is same as in the original figure '

' but should be '

' ⇒ Option 3 is eliminated..

• The arrow element inside the box '

' is positioned at right up corner but should be positioned at the left up corner ⇒ Option 4 is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (2)".

As per the given statements,

1) U is elder than only four other sisters.

→ _ > _ > U > _ > _ > _ > _

2) X is elder than one person only that is Z who is the youngest among all sisters.

→ _ > _ > U > _ > _ > X > Z

3) T is elder than Y.

4) U is elder than T.

→ _ > _ > U > T > Y > X > Z

5) V is elder than W.

→ V > W > U > T > Y > X > Z

Here, we can see that V is the eldest sister.

Hence, the correct answer is "V".

Logic : (1) is added and subtracted alternately. 

So,

• 38474 is coded as 47565

​

​Similarly, 

• 28464 is coded as

​Hence, "37555 " is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Second Number = (First Number) × 3

→ Third Number = (First Number)³

(7, 21, 343):

→ 21 = 7 × 3

→ 343 = (7)³

(8, 24, 512):

→ 24 = 8 × 3

→ 512 = (8)³

Let's check each option as per the logic,

1) (8, 50, 512):

→ 50 ≠ 8 × 3 

2) (5, 10, 225):

→ 10 ≠ 5 × 3  

3) (11, 66, 1331):

→ 66 ≠ 11 × 3  

4) (9, 27, 729):

→ 27 = 9 × 3

→ 729 = (9)³ → Follow the logic.

Here, we can see that only Option 4 follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "(9, 27, 729)".

Based on the table, we can draw the family tree,

As per the given information,

Here, we can see that Suman is the daughter-in-law of Rajesh.

Hence, the correct answer is "Rajesh".

Logic : (1^st number ÷ 2) = (Square root of 2^nd number)

So,

• 12 : 36

(12 ÷ 2) = ${ \sqrt{36} }$

6 = 6 (LHS = RHS)

And,

• 18 : 81

(18 ÷ 2) = $\sqrt{81}$

9 = 9 (LHS = RHS)

• 56 : ?

(56 ÷ 2) = $\sqrt{?}$

$(28)^2$ = ?

784 = ?

Hence, "784" is the correct answer.

Refer to the diagram as shown below:

Here, the shaded area represents houses which are only bikes i.e 11.

Hence, '11' is the correct answer.

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (2)".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: All three words in a set are different professions.

Let's check each option as per the logic,

1) (Knife, Needle, Plumbline):

→ These three are different types of tools, they are not professions.

2) (Surgeon, Warrior, Chef):

→ All three are professions.

3) (Farmer, Mason, Doctor):

→ All three are professions.

4) (Labourer, Tailor, Sculptor):

→ All three are professions.

Here, we can see that Option 1 doesn't follow the logic and is different from the others.

Hence, the correct answer is "(Knife, Needle, Plumbline)".

The correct order as per the dictionary is:

2) Perilad

3) Perimeter

4) Periodic

5) Perish

1) Periwing

Here, we can see that the word at the third position is Periodic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Periodic".

The correct mirror image of the given figure is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Logic :

• First and second letters ⇒ Interchanged their positions.
• Third and fourth letters ⇒ Interchanged their positions.

So,

• GATE is written as AGET

Similarly,

• BOOK is coded as :

Hence, "OBKO" is the correct answer.

Given:

• The image must not to be rotated

Hence, the correct answer is "Option - (3)".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The first word is an instrument which is used to measure the second word.

Hygrometer: Humidity

→ Hygrometer is used to measure Humidity.

Let's check each option,

1) Thermometer: Blood Pressure

→ Thermometer is used to measure temperature, not Blood Pressure.

2) Anemometer: Current

→ Anemometer is used to measure wind speed and direction, not Current.

3) Screw Gauge: Heat 

→ Screw Gauge is used to measure the dimensions of very small objects, not Heat.

4) Ammeter: Electric Current

→ Ammeter is used to measure Electric Current. ⇒ Follow the logic.

Here, we can see that only Option 4 follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ammeter: Electric Current".

Logic : 

Hence, "105" is the correct answer.

After interchanging 13 and 11, the equation we get:

→ 48 ÷ 6 + 9 – 13 × 13 + 11 =?

→ 8 + 9 – 13 × 13 + 11 =?

→ 8 + 9 – 169 + 11 =?

→ 28 – 169 =?

→ – 141 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "– 141".

Let's check each option,

Here, we can see that Option 2 follows a repetitive pattern. The base term of the series is "abcee". Then moving forward in the series, the base term gets repeated with an addition of "a" in the starting.

Hence, the correct answer is "caeb".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 7 has been added in the first letter's positional value to get the second letter of the cluster.

Let's check each option as per the logic,

1) WC

→ W + 7 ≠ C ⇒ Doesn't follow the logic.

2) PW

→ P + 7 = W 

3) FM

→ F + 7 = M

4) QX

→ Q + 7 = X

Here, we can see that only Option 1 doesn't follow the logic and is different from the others.

Hence, the correct answer is "WC".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Second Number = (First Number) × 3

Let's check each option as per the logic,

1) 726 – 2278

→ 2278 ≠ 726 × 3 ⇒ Doesn't follow the logic.

2) 1248 – 3744

→ 3744 = 1248 × 3

3) 1024 – 3072

→ 3072 = 1024 × 3

4) 336 – 1008

→ 1008 = 336 × 3

Here, we can see that only Option 1 doesn't follow the logic and is the odd one.

Hence, the correct answer is "726 – 2278".

Correct Answer Puri, Odisha

Key Points Origins and Significance:

• Ratha Jatra, also known as the Chariot Festival, is a significant event in Hinduism.
• It is dedicated to Lord Jagannatha, a form of Lord Vishnu, and his siblings, Lord Balabhadra and Goddess Subhadra.
• The festival symbolizes Lord Jagannatha's annual visit to his birthplace, the Gundicha Temple.

Location and Time:

• The festival takes place in Puri, a city in the Indian state of Odisha.
• It is usually held in the month of Ashadha, which falls in June or July according to the Gregorian calendar.

Chariot Construction and Procession:

• Three chariots are constructed for the festival, each representing one of the deities - Lord Jagannatha, Lord Balabhadra, and Goddess Subhadra.
• These chariots are pulled by devotees in a grand procession from the main Jagannatha temple to the Gundicha Temple.

Rituals and Celebrations:

• The festival lasts for nine days.
• The deities are bathed and adorned with new clothes and jewelry.
• They are then placed on the chariots for the procession.
• Upon reaching the Gundicha Temple, they stay there for seven days and then return to the main temple, marking the end of the festival.

Global Recognition:

• While the festival has its roots in Puri, it is now celebrated globally by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and other Hindu communities around the world.
• The festival is known for its display of devotion and the vibrant cultural heritage of Odisha.

Correct Answer Both I and II

Key PointsProduction Possibility Frontier (PPF):

Statement 1:

• The PPF does indeed illustrate the combinations of two goods or services that can be produced when the resources of the economy are fully and efficiently utilized.
• It shows the trade-off between the production of one good and the production of another, assuming all resources are used to their fullest potential.

Statement 2:

• The PPF also illustrates the production possibilities of the economy.
• It shows the maximum possible output combinations of two goods or services an economy can achieve when all resources are fully and efficiently employed.
• The PPF is typically depicted as a downward-sloping curve, with one good on each axis.
• Points along the curve represent efficient production levels, while points below the curve indicate inefficiency and points above the curve are unattainable with current resources and technology.

The correct answer is ​Nisha

Key Points:

• India has three cropping seasons — Rabi, Kharif and Zaid.
• Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
• Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.
• Though these crops are grown in large parts of India, states from the north and north-western parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of wheat and other rabi crops.
• Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these crops.
• However, the success of the green revolution in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan has also been an important factor in the growth of the abovementioned rabi crops.
• Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October.
• Important crops grown during this season are Paddy, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Tur(Arhar), Moong, Urad, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut and Soybean. Hence, Groundnut is the correct answer.
• Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• Recently, paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana.
• In states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.
• In between the rabi and the Kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season.
• Some of the crops produced during ‘Zaid’ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.

The correct answer is Yamuna is a right bank tributary meets the Ganga at Allahabad.

**Key Points:**River Ganga

• It originates in the Himalaya Mountains at Gomukh, the terminus of the Gongotri Glacier. Here, it is known as the Bhagirathi.
• It cuts through the Central and the Lesser Himalayas in narrow gorges.
• At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda; hereafter, it is known as the Ganga.
• The river has a length of 2,525 km. (Option 3 Incorrect)
• It is shared by Uttarakhand (110 km) and Uttar Pradesh (1,450 km), Bihar (445 km) and West Bengal (520 km).
• The river finally discharges itself into the Bay of Bengal near Sagar Island.
• Left tributaries: Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Koshi, Mahananda, Ramganga, Garra.
• Right tributaries: Yamuna, Sone, Punpun, Damodar.

Additional InformationYamuna:

• ​Originates from Yamunotri Glacier.
• Passes from states- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi.
• Merge in Ganga at Praygraj(Allahabad). (Option 2 correct)
• The Yamuna is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganga and the longest tributary.
• Left tributaries of Yamuna are Tons, Hindon, Hanuman Ganga, Sasur, Khaderi.
• Right tributaries of Yamuna are Giri, Baghain, Chambal, Betwa, Sindh, Ken.
• Length of river 1,376 km.

River Ghaghara :

• Ghaghara River is also called the Gogra, Ghaghara or Ghagra, Nepali Kauriala or Manchu or the Karnali.
• However, the literal meaning of the river is ' holy water from the sacred mountain',
• The term Karnali also means "Turquoise River" and is a transboundary perennial river that originates on the Tibetan plateau. (Option 1 Incorrect)
• The Karnali is called K'ung-ch'iao Ho in Chinese.
• This river near Manasarovar cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal on its way to the convergence with the Sarda River at Brahmaghat in India where it forms the Ghaghara River.
• The Ghaghara River is a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges.
• It is the longest and largest river in Nepal with a length of around 507 km and one of the largest affluent of the Ganges.

River Betwa:

• It originates from the Vindhyachal Ranges of Raisen district in Madhya Pradesh.
• Betwa is an important tributary of the river Yamuna. (Option 4 Incorrect)
• The length of the river Betwa is around 590 Km.
• Important cities on the bank of the river Betwa are Vidisha, Sanchi, and Orcchaa.
• Raj Ghat Dam is situated on the river Betwa.
• Ken-Betwa river interlinking project is the proposed project to transfer the surplus water from River Ken to Betwa in order to meet the water needs of the drought-prone Bundelkhand Region of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Correct Answer Article 89

Key Points

• The Vice-President is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• The Vice-President as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the unchallenged guardian of the eminence and dignity of the House.
• Article 64: The Vice-President shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States and shall not hold any other office of profit.
• Article 89: of the Constitution provides provision for the Chairman (Vice-President of India) and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• Power and Functions:
• The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is empowered to adjourn the House or to suspend its sitting in the event of the absence of a quorum.
• The 10^th Schedule of the Constitution empowers the Chairman to determine the question as to disqualification of a member of the Rajya Sabha on the ground of defection;
• The Chairman's consent is needed to raise a question of breach of privilege in the House.
• Parliamentary Committees, regardless of whether set up by the Chairman or by the House, work under the direction of the Chairman.
• He nominates members to different Standing Committees and Department-related Parliamentary Committees.
• He is the Chairman of the Business Advisory Committee, the Rules Committee, and the General Purposes Committee.
• It is the duty of the Chairman to interpret the Constitution and rules so far as matters in or relating to the House are concerned, and no one can enter into any argument or controversy with the Chairman over such interpretation.
• He can only be removed as the chairman of Rajya Sabha when he is removed from the office of Vice-President of India.
• While the resolution is in effect for the removal of Vice-President, he cannot preside over the house as chairman, although he can be part of the house.

Additional InformationArticle 14:

• The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India, on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Article 377: 

• States about the Provision as to comptroller and auditor general of India.

Article 370:

• Article 370 of the Indian constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir which has been the subject of a dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947.
• Article 370 was drafted in Part XXI of the Indian constitution titled "Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions".
• Clause 3 of Article 370 empowers the president to declare the article as inoperative.
• Instead of scrapping Article 370, the government used the power given by the same Article to the President to make the provision ineffective.
• Scrapping of Article 370 would, otherwise, require a constitutional amendment under Article 368.
• But by invoking Article 370(3), the government has cleverly bypassed the amendment route.

The correct answer is Dot Matrix

Key Points 

Print resolution is measured as the number of Dots Per Inch (dpi).

• ​It can be said that Resolution (in terms of print)  is a measure of the number of dots that a device can put in one square inch of page space.
• The higher the dot density, the higher the resolution of the print or scan.
• A printer with 600 DPI is a printer that prints 600 x 600 per square inch or 360,000 dots per inch.
• Increasing the DPI will make the size of the printed image smaller while decreasing the DPI will make the size of the printed image larger.
• Characters-per-second (cps) is a unit of measure used to describe the speed of dot-matrix and daisy-wheel printers.
• Lines-Per-Minute (LPM) is the number of lines of text a printer is capable of producing in one minute. It is affected by factors such as text size, resolution, and colour.
• Pages per minute (PPM) is a printer speed measurement standard. It is the measurement standard for how fast a printer can print a standardized page.

Correct Answer APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha

Key Points

• A successful training launch of an Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, Agni-4, was carried out at approximately 1930 hours on June 06, 2022, from APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.
• The successful test was part of routine user training launches carried out under the aegis of the Strategic Forces Command.
• The launch validated all operational parameters as also the reliability of the system.
• The successful test reaffirms India's policy of having a 'Credible Minimum Deterrence' Capability.

The correct answer is Election to the Panchayats

Key Points:

• Under Article 243 K the State Election Commission Operates the election of urban bodies.
• The State Election Commission conducts free, fair, and impartial elections to the local bodies in the state.
• The 73^rd Amendment of 1992 added a new Part IX to the constitution titled “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Articles 243 to 243(O).
• Following are the articles related to Panchayat 
• Article 243 – Definitions.
• Article 243A – Gram Sabha.
• Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayats.
• Article 243C – Composition of Panchayats.
• Article 243D – Reservation of seats.
• Article 243E – Duration of Panchayats, etc.
• Article 243F – Disqualifications for membership.
• Article 243G – Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
• Article 243H – Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
• Article 243I – Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
• Article 243J – Audit of accounts of Panchayats.
• Article 243K – Elections to the Panchayats.
• Article 243L – Application to Union territories.
• Article 243M – Part not to apply to certain areas.
• Article 243N – Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
• Article 243O – Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

The correct answer is Malaysia.

Key Points:

• A contingent of the Indian Air Force (IAF) left for Malaysia on 12 August 2022 to participate in a bilateral exercise named 'Udarashakti'.
• This is the first bilateral exercise being conducted between Indian Air Force and Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF).
• IAF is participating in the exercise with Su-30 MKI and C-17 aircraft while the RMAF will be flying Su 30 MKM aircraft.

Additional Information:

• Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.
• It's known for its beaches, rainforests and mix of Malay, Chinese, Indian and European cultural influences.
• Malaysia:
• Prime Minster: Ismail Sabri Yaakob
• Capital: Kuala Lumpur (Executive capital), Putrajaya (Administrative capital)
• Currency: Malaysian ringgit

The correct answer is Campos.

Key Points

• Tropical Grasslands:
• These are the grasslands that are located in the tropical zones and in the interior part of the continents.
• 'Campos' in Brazil and 'Llanos' in Venezuela are examples of tropical grasslands.
• Campas in Brazil is also called Savanna grasslands.
• These are rich in plant species and are more diverse than forest ecosystems.
• Savanna grasslands lie between 24°S and 35°S, which includes Uruguay and parts of Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina.
• In these regions, the climate is subtropical and humid and the rainfall is distributed regularly all over the year.
• Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that Compos in Brazil and Llanos in Venezuela are examples of Tropical grasslands.

Additional Information 

• Temperate Grasslands:
• These are the grasslands that are located in the temperate zone and in the interior part of the continent.
• 'Downs' in Australia, and 'Steppes' in Europe are examples of temperate grasslands.
• The temperate grasslands of North America are called Prairies.
• The Temperate grasslands in South America are known as Pampas.
• Tundra: Tundra is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
• Mediterranean regions occur between approximately 30° to 40° north and south latitudes on the west sides of continents.

The correct answer is APJ Abdul Kalam.

Key Points

• APJ Abdul Kalam was known as the Missile Man of India for his important role in the nation's civilian space programme and military missile development. Also, in 1998, he made significant contributions to India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests.
• Name: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam)
• Nick Name: Missile Man
• Nationality: Indian
• Occupation: Engineer, Scientist, Author, Professor, Politician
• Born: 15-Oct -1931
• Place of Birth: Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
• Died: 27 July 2015
• Died at the age of 83
• Place of Death: Shillong, Meghalaya, India
• Famous as: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam President from 2002 to 2007
• Preceded by: Kocheril Raman Narayanan (President from 1997-2002)
• Succeeded by: Pratibha Patil (President from 2007-2012)
• He was the 11^th president of India and elected against Lakshmi Sehgal in 2002.
• Before becoming the President of India, he worked with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as an aerospace engineer.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is 240.

Key Points

• A Terabyte (TB) is a measure of computer storage capacity that is approximately 2 to the 40^th power, or 10 to the 12^th power, which equals approximately a trillion bytes.
• A Terabyte is more precisely defined as 1,024 gigabytes (GB), while a petabyte consists of 1,024 TB.
• A tbyte, terabyte, or TB, is equal to 1,099,511,627,776 (240) bytes.
• However, the IEC defines a TB as equal to 1,000,000,000,000 (1012) bytes.
• 1024 TB = 1 petabyte.
• 1 TB = 1024 gigabytes.
• The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
• The prefix term was defined for the International System of Units in 1960.

The correct answer is Jungle Nama.

Key Points

• Amitav Ghosh is an esteemed Indian author, well-known for his works in English fiction.
• Jungle Nama is a book written by Amitav Ghosh and is his first attempt at a narrative in verse.
• The book is based on the legend of Bon Bibi, a traditional tale prevalent in the Sundarbans region of Bengal.
• Jungle Nama illustrates the complex relationship between humans and the natural environment, presenting it in the form of an allegory.
• The book was published in 2021.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Pushyamitra.

Key Points

Shunga Dynasty

• It was founded by Pushyamitra. There were ten Shunga rulers.
• Their capital was Patliputra.
• Pushyamitra was the commander of the last Mauryan emperor Vrihadratha.
• Pushyamitra killed the last emperor Vrihadrata and occupied the whole of Magadha.
• The name of the first ruler of the Mauryan dynasty of Magadha was  Chandra Gupta Maurya and the name of the last ruler was Vrihadratha.

Additional Information Bindusara 

• Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and father of the King Ashok.
• He ascended the throne in 298 BC after his father.

 Ashoka

• He was the greatest Mauryan ruler; Governor of Taxila and Ujjain previously. His rule extended to the whole of the sub-continent except the extreme south. It also included Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Kashmir, and the valleys of Nepal.
• According to Buddhist tradition, Ashoka usurped the throne after killing his 99 brothers and spared Tissa, the youngest one.
• Ashoka had himself formally crowned in 269 BC.
• Under Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire reached its climax. For the first time, the whole of the sub-continent, leaving out the extreme south, was under imperial control.
• Ashoka fought the Kalinga War in 261 BC in the 9^th year of his coronation. The king was moved by the massacre in this war and, therefore, abandoned the policy of physical occupation in favor of the policy of cultural conquest. In other words, Bherighosa was replaced by Dhammaghosa.
• Ashoka was not an extreme pacifist. He retained Kalinga after his conquest and incorporated it into his empire.
• He embraced Buddhism under Upagupta.
• He sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Ceylon as Buddhist missionaries with a sapling of the original peepal tree.

The correct answer is Italy.

Key PointsThe following countries did not qualify for the FIFA World Cup 2022:

• Italy
• Sweden
• Nigeria
• Chile
• Scotland

Additional Information

• FIFA World Cup
• The FIFA world cup started in 1930 and is held every four years except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held due to the Second World War.
• The 2022 FIFA World Cup is the 22^nd edition of the FIFA World Cup and was held in Qatar.
• 32 teams participated in this tournament.
• Argentina defeated France 4-2 on penalties to win their third World Cup, after 36 years on 19 December 2022.
• Golden Ball was awarded to Lionel Messi.
• He also got this award in 2014.
• With eight goals, Kylian Mbappe was awarded the Golden boot.
• Enzo Fernandez is awarded the Young Player of the Tournament award.
• While the goalkeeper of the tournament was given to Emiliano Martinez.

The correct answer is Adani Wilmar.

Key Points

• Adani Wilmar made an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in the Indian stock market in 2022 and raised ₹3,600 crore
• Adani Wilmar is a food and FMCG company that was founded in 1991.
• The IPO was subscribed 112 times.

Additional Information Initial Public offering (IPO)

• An initial public offering (IPO) is the first time that the stock of a private company is offered to the public.
• Initial public offering is the process by which a private company can go public by sale of its stocks to general public.
• It could be a new, young company or an old company that decides to be listed on an exchange and hence goes public.
• Companies can raise equity capital with the help of an IPO by issuing new shares to the public, or the existing shareholders can sell their shares to the public without raising any fresh capital.

The correct answer is Bihar and Orissa.

Key Points

• In 1905, Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal.
• At that time Bengal was the biggest province of British India and included Bihar and Orissa.
• The British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience.
• The partition of Bengal angered people all over India. All sections of the Congress – the Moderates and the Radicals opposed it.
• The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement which was strongest in Bengal.
• The Swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and the use of Indian languages.
• To fight for swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Shooting.

Key Points

• The 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham concluded on 8 August 2022.
• India finished fourth in the medals tally with 61 medals comprising 22 gold, 16 silver and 23 bronze in the event.
• India bagged a total of 12 medals in wrestling, the most in any sport in the 2022 Games.
• Australia topped the medals tally with a total of 178 medals.
• Except Shooting The other three sports, badminton, wrestling, and cricket T20, were all played at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Additional Information

• The Commonwealth Games often referred to as the Friendly Games, is an international multi-sport event.
• It involves athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations.
• The event was first held in 1930, and, with the exception of 1942 and 1946, has taken place every four years since then.
• The 2022 Commonwealth Games took place at the Alexander Stadium in Birmingham, England, from 28 July to 8 August 2022.
• Perry the Bull is Birmingham 2022's official mascot.
• Indian men's hockey team captain Manpreet Singh & shuttler PV Sindhu were India's flag-bearers for the opening ceremony of the Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2022.

The correct answer is Extinct.

Key Points

• Extinct species: 
• If we say that any species is extinct we normally mean that the last existing member has died.
• Extinction, therefore, becomes a certainty when there are no surviving individuals that can reproduce.

Additional Information 

• Endangered species:
• Endangered species are the species which if not protected will become extinct in a short duration of time.
• These species are protected and bred in conserved areas like national park sanctuaries.
• These species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, and invasive species.
• They have a very high risk of extinction in the wild but are still present in the wild in a few numbers.
• Endemic species:
• These are the species whose plants and animal can be found in a particular geographical region and nowhere else in the world.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• "Why I am Hindu" is a book written by Shashi Tharoor, an Indian politician, author, and former diplomat.
• Published in 2018, the book explores the author's personal journey and reflections on his Hindu identity.
• In the book, Tharoor examines various aspects of Hinduism, including its history, philosophy, traditions, and practices.
• He delves into the complexity and diversity within Hinduism, highlighting its pluralistic nature and the multitude of interpretations and beliefs that exist within the religion.

Additional Information

• "A State of Freedom":  It is actually written by Neel Mukherjee.
• Published in 2017, "A State of Freedom" is a novel that explores themes of identity, migration, and social inequality through the interconnected stories of various characters in contemporary India.
• "Autumn":  It is written by Ali Smith. "Autumn" is the first installment in a four-part series of novels referred to as the "Seasonal Quartet."
• ​Published in 2016, it explores themes of time, memory, and political change through the friendship between an elderly man and a young girl in post-Brexit Britain.
• "Songs of a Coward":  It is written by Perumal Murugan.
• "Songs of a Coward" is a collection of poems that explores various themes such as love, loss, history, and society, often drawing inspiration from Daruwalla's own experiences and observations.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• The Lion Capital at Sarnath, India, does not include a carved cow representing the South direction.

• The Lion Capital at Sarnath, India, is a famous ancient monument that holds significant historical and cultural value.

• It is also known as the Ashoka Pillar because it was originally erected by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka in the 3^rd century BCE.

• The pillar is made of polished sandstone and stands at a height of approximately 12.5 meters.

• The Lion Capital is comprised of several components, each of which contributes to its overall symbolism and artistic beauty.

• Here is a detailed explanation of the components:

• Figures of 4 lions: The most prominent feature of the Lion Capital is the set of four magnificent lions placed back to back.

• Dharma Chakras: At the top of the abacus, between each pair of lions, there are four Dharma Chakras or Wheel of Law.

• Lotus base: The abacus on which the lions are seated is supported by a lotus base.

• Bell-shaped inverted lotus: Below the lotus base, there is a bell-shaped inverted lotus. This inverted lotus acts as a decorative element and adds to the overall visual appeal of the Lion Capital.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• The part of the human brain that is primarily responsible for walking in a straight line is the cerebellum.
• The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, underneath the cerebrum.
• It plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movements, including maintaining balance and coordination during walking.
• While other parts of the brain, such as the motor cortex in the cerebrum, also contribute to the control of walking, the cerebellum is particularly involved in fine-tuning movements and ensuring smooth, coordinated motion.

Additional Information

• Medulla: The medulla, also known as the medulla oblongata, is a part of the brainstem located between the pons and the spinal cord.
• It plays a vital role in controlling several involuntary functions of the body, including breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
• Cerebrum: The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres.
• It is responsible for many complex functions, including conscious thought, reasoning, sensory processing, motor control, language, and memory.
• The cerebrum is involved in higher cognitive functions and is associated with the conscious perception of walking.
• Pons: The pons is a region of the brainstem located above the medulla and below the midbrain. It acts as a bridge connecting different parts of the brain.
• The pons plays a role in relaying signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum, as well as regulating sleep, breathing, swallowing, and facial movements.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• Roger Binny : 
• He is unanimously elected as the 36^th president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) on October 18, 2022.
• He replaced Sourav Ganguly, who had been on the post since 2019.
• He belongs to the state of Karnataka.
• He was the first Anglo-Indian of Scottish origin to play cricket for India.
• He is known as a cricketing all-rounder.
• He is popular for his impressive bowling performance in the 1983 Cricket World Cup where he was the highest wicket-taker (18 wickets).

Additional Information

• BCCI is the governing body for cricket in India and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• The board was formed in December 1928 as a society, registered under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act.
• It is a consortium of state cricket associations and the state associations select their representatives who in turn elect the BCCI Chief.
• Its headquarters are in Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai.
• Grant Govan was its first president and Anthony De Mello its first secretary.
• The present president is Roger Binny and the vice-president is Rajeev Shukla.(as of may 2023)
• BCCI does not depend on the Government of India for its finances.

The correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• The Indira Sagar Dam is a multipurpose project built on the river Narmada in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is one of the largest dams in India and plays a crucial role in irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control.
• Here are some key details about the Indira Sagar Dam:
• Location: The dam is situated in the Narmada River Basin, near the village of Narmada Nagar in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Purpose: The primary objectives of the Indira Sagar Dam project are irrigation, power generation, and flood control.
• Construction: The construction of the Indira Sagar Dam started in 1984 and was completed in 2005.
• Dam Specifications: The Indira Sagar Dam is a concrete gravity dam with a height of 92 meters and a length of 653 meters.
• Reservoir: The dam forms a large reservoir called the Indira Sagar Reservoir or Indira Sagar Lake, which is spread over an area of 958 square kilometers.
• Irrigation: The dam provides irrigation water to the agricultural fields in the surrounding areas, benefiting farmers and improving agricultural productivity.
• Power Generation: The dam has an associated powerhouse with a capacity of 1,000 megawatts.
• Environmental Impact: The construction of the dam has led to the displacement of several villages and communities residing in the submergence area.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• Among the surface-to-surface missiles developed by India, the most prominent one is the Agni series.
• The Agni missiles are a family of medium to intercontinental range ballistic missiles developed by the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) of India.
• The Agni series includes missiles such as Agni-I, Agni-II, Agni-III, Agni-IV, and Agni-V, with varying ranges and capabilities.
• These missiles are designed to be launched from land-based platforms and can deliver conventional or nuclear warheads to targets located on land.

Additional Information

• The Javelin missile is not developed by India but is actually a portable anti-tank missile system developed by the United States.
• It is a shoulder-fired, fire-and-forget missile that can be operated by a single soldier.
• The Javelin system is designed to engage and destroy enemy armored vehicles, including tanks, from various ranges and angles.
• The AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) is an air-to-air missile primarily developed by the United States.
• It is designed for use by fighter aircraft to engage and destroy enemy aircraft at medium to long ranges.
• The AMRAAM missile is widely used by the U.S. Air Force and has also been exported to numerous countries around the world.
• The Spike missile is a family of multi-purpose, man-portable, anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) developed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
• It is designed to engage and destroy armored vehicles, including tanks, as well as other targets such as fortified positions and helicopters.

Given:

$\frac{1+x}{1-x^2}\div \frac{1+x}{1-x^4}-\frac{1-x^4}{1-x}\times \frac{1+x}{1-x^2}$

Calculation:

$\frac{1+x}{1-x^2}\div \frac{1+x}{1-x^4}-\frac{1-x^4}{1-x}\times \frac{1+x}{1-x^2}$

$\frac{1+x}{1-x^2}\times \frac{1-x^4}{1+x}-\frac{1-x^4}{1-x}\times \frac{1+x}{1-x^2}$

$1+x^2-\frac{1-x^4}{1-x}\times \frac{1+x}{1-x^2}$

$1+x^2-{1+x^2}\times \frac{1+x}{1-x}$

$\frac{1-x+x^2-x^3-1-x-x^2-x^3}{1-x}$

${2x(1+x^2)}\over{(x-1)}$

Therefore, the value of the given expression is ${2x(1+x^2)}\over{(x-1)}$.

Calculation:

Runs scored in inning A = 30%

Runs scored in inning D = 25%

Percentage = 30/25 × 100 = 120%

Runs scored in inning A is 120 percent of runs scored in inning D.

The intersection point of the medians of a triangle is called the centroid.

Given:

 sin (θ + 30) = cos 5θ

Concept:

The sine of the complement of an angle is equal to the cosine of the angle.

Calculation:

⇒ sin (90 - 5θ) = cos 5θ

⇒ θ + 30 = 90 - 5θ

⇒ 6θ = 60

⇒ θ = 60/6

Therefore, θ = 10°

Shortcut Trick

Calculate individual profit and loss values based on the respective Cost Prices.

Profit on the 1^st watch = 10% of 12000 = ₹1200.

Loss on the 2^nd watch = 20% of 20000 = ₹4000.

Net Result = 1200 − 4000 = −2800 (Negative sign indicates loss).

∴ The correct answer is Loss = Rs. 2800.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price of 1^st watch (CP₁) = ₹12000

Cost Price of 2^nd watch (CP₂) = ₹20000

Profit % on 1^st watch = 10%

Loss % on 2^nd watch = 20%

Formula: Profit or Loss = (Rate / 100) × Cost Price

⇒ Profit on 1^st watch = (10 / 100) × 12000 = ₹1200

⇒ Loss on 2^nd watch = (20 / 100) × 20000 = ₹4000

⇒ Overall Gain/Loss = Total Profit − Total Loss

⇒ Overall Gain/Loss = 1200 − 4000 = −₹2800

⇒ Negative value implies a Loss of ₹2800.

∴ The correct answer is Loss = Rs. 2800.

Additional Information

Overall Profit or Loss Percentage

It is calculated as (Net Profit or Loss ÷ Total Cost Price) × 100. In this case: (2800 ÷ 32000) × 100 = 8.75% loss.

Selling Price Calculation

SP = CP × (100 ± Profit/Loss%) ÷ 100. Here, Total SP = ₹13200 + ₹16000 = ₹29200.

Successive Percentage Shortcut

When two items are sold, direct subtraction of values is only possible if the Cost Price is used as the base for both calculations.

Shortcut Trick

Stoppage time per hour = (Faster Speed − Slower Speed) ÷ Faster Speed

Stoppage time = (60 − 54) ÷ 60

Stoppage time = 6 ÷ 60 hour

Stoppage time in minutes = (1/10) × 60 = 6 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 6 mins.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed without stoppages = 60 kmph

Speed with stoppages = 54 kmph

Without Stoppage (Speed: 60 kmph)

Distance: 60 km in 60 mins

With Stoppage (Speed: 54 kmph)

Distance: 54 km

Stop

6 km gap Takes 6 mins

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ In 1 hour (60 mins), without stoppages, the bus covers a distance of 60 km.

⇒ In 1 hour (60 mins), with stoppages, the bus covers a distance of 54 km.

⇒ Loss in distance due to stoppages = 60 − 54 = 6 km.

⇒ Time required to cover this 6 km gap at the original speed is the actual stoppage time.

⇒ Stoppage time = Distance ÷ Original Speed

⇒ Stoppage time = 6 ÷ 60 hours = 1/10 hours.

⇒ Stoppage time in minutes = (1/10) × 60 = 6 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 6 mins.

Additional Information

Average Speed

When equal distances are covered at speeds S₁ and S₂, Average Speed = (2 × S₁ × S₂) ÷ (S₁ + S₂). For equal time intervals, Average Speed = (S₁ + S₂) ÷ 2.

Relative Speed

For two bodies moving in the same direction, relative speed is |S₁ − S₂|. For bodies moving in opposite directions, it is S₁ + S₂.

Speed Unit Conversion

To convert kmph to m/s, multiply the value by 5/18. To convert m/s to kmph, multiply the value by 18/5.

Given data:

Current salary: Rs. 14000

Annual salary increase: 20%

Number of years: 3

Solution:

Calculate the salary after 3 years using compound interest formula:

Final salary = Current salary × (1 + rate)^time

Final salary = 14000 × (1 + 0.2)^3 = 14000 × 1.728

Therefore, the salary after 3 years will be Rs. 24,192.

Given:

Sum of squares of two numbers = 12,

Product of the numbers = 4

Solution:

Let the numbers be 'a' and 'b'.

$a^2 + b^2 = 12$

ab = 4

$(a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2$

$(a - b)^2 = 12 - 2(4)$

$(a - b)^2 = 4$

Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

a - b = ±2

Therefore, the difference between the numbers is ±2.

Given data:

Radius of the circle: 7 units

Angle at the center: 60°

Formula:

Length of arc = (θ/360°) × 2πr

Solution:

Length of the arc = (60/360) × 2 × 22/7  × 7 = 22/3

Therefore, the length of the arc is 22/3 units.

Given:

Marked price of the computer = Rs. 80,000,

Selling price after two discounts = Rs. 65,280,

First discount = 15%

Concept Used:

Concept: Successive discounts are calculated individually on the new price.

Solution:

Let the second discount be 'x' percent.

Selling price after the first discount = Marked price - (15/100) × Marked price

Selling price after the first discount = 80,000 - (15/100) × 80,000 

⇒ 80000 - 12000 = Rs. 68000

Selling price after the second discount = Selling price after the first discount - (x/100) × Selling price after the first discount

Selling price after the second discount = 68000 - (x/100) × 68000

Selling price after the second discount = 65,280

⇒ 68000 - (x/100) × 68000 = 65280

⇒ (x/100) × 68000 = 68000 - 65280

⇒ x × 680 = 2720

⇒ x = 4

Therefore, the value of the other discount is approximately 4%.

Given:

Ratio of areas of two circles = 81:121

Formula:

The ratio of areas of two circles is equal to the square of the ratio of their radii, and the ratio of their circumferences is equal to the ratio of their radii.

Solution:

Let the ratio of the radii of the circles be a:b.

⇒ $(πa^2) / (πb^2) = 81/121$

⇒ $a^2 / b^2 = 81/121$

⇒ a/b = 9/11

Therefore, the ratio of their circumferences will also be 9:11.

Given:

m - 1/m = 7

Solution:

Squaring both sides of the equation, we get:

$m^2 - 2 + 1/m^2 = 49$

$m^2 + 1/m^2 = 51$

Therefore, the value of $m^2 + 1/m^2$ is 51.

Given:

Perimeter of the square = 196 m

Solution:

Formula: Perimeter of a square = 4 × side

Substitute the given perimeter: 196 = 4 × side

Solve for the side: side = 196/4 = 49 m

Formula: Area of a circle = π × radius²

Substitute the side as the radius: Area = π × (49)² = 2401π m²

⇒ 2401 × 22/7 = 7546 m²

Therefore, the area of the circle is 7546 m2.

Calculation:

Difference between the central angle formed by sector M and Q = (37 - 14)/100 × 360

23/100 × 360 = 82.8° 

∴ Difference between the central angle formed by sector M and Q is 82.8°.

Calculation:

Average number of girls in school K and M = (13% + 7%)/2 = 10%

10/100 × 6000 = 600

Average number of girls in school K and M is 600.

Given:

3 tan θ = 4

Concept Used:

tan θ = Perpendicular/Base = P/B

sin θ = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse = P/H

cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse = B/H

Calculation:

tan θ = 4/3 = P/B

⇒ P = 4 and B = 3

Apply Pythagorean rule for H

⇒ H² = P² + B²

⇒ H2 = 42 + 3² = 16 + 9

⇒ H = 5

⇒ sin θ = P/H = 4/5

⇒ cos θ = B/H = 3/5

⇒ 7 sin θ - 2 cos θ = 7 × 4/5 - 2 × 3/5

⇒ 28/5 - 6/5 = 22/5

∴ 7 sin θ - 2 cos θ = 22/5

Given:

∠E = 95°,

EFGH is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Concept Used:

In a cyclic quadrilateral, the opposite angles are supplementary.

Solution:

∠E + ∠G = 180°

95° + ∠G = 180°

∠G = 180° - 95° = 85° 

Therefore, the value of ∠G is 85°.

Shortcut Trick

To find the combined ratio, equalize the common terms B and C.

Multiply A : B (2 : 3) by 2 to match B in B : C (6 : 7) ⇒ 4 : 6.

Now we have A : B : C = 4 : 6 : 7.

Multiply A : B : C (4 : 6 : 7) by 2 to match C in C : D (14 : 3) ⇒ 8 : 12 : 14.

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 12 : 14 : 3.

Alternate Method

Given:

A : B = 2 : 3

B : C = 6 : 7

C : D = 14 : 3

Calculations:

⇒ We have A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 6 : 7.

⇒ To make B common, multiply the first ratio by 2: A : B = (2 × 2) : (3 × 2) = 4 : 6.

⇒ Now, A : B : C = 4 : 6 : 7.

⇒ We have A : B : C = 4 : 6 : 7 and C : D = 14 : 3.

⇒ To make C common, multiply the combined ratio (A:B:C) by 2: (4 × 2) : (6 × 2) : (7 × 2) = 8 : 12 : 14.

⇒ Now, the combined ratio becomes A : B : C : D = 8 : 12 : 14 : 3.

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 12 : 14 : 3.

Additional Information

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of two ratios a : b and c : d is found by multiplying the corresponding terms: ac : bd.

Duplicate and Sub-duplicate Ratio

The duplicate ratio of a : b is a² : b², and the sub-duplicate ratio is √a : √b.

Continued Proportion

Three quantities a, b, and c are said to be in continued proportion if a : b = b : c, where b is the mean proportional (b² = ac).

Invertendo and Alternendo

If a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c (Invertendo) and a : c = b : d (Alternendo).

Given:

Difference between compound interest and simple interest = Rs. 25,

Annual interest rate = 10%

Concept Used:

Compound Interest for 1 year = P[(1 + r/100)ⁿ - 1], where r is the annual interest rate and n is the number of compounding periods.

Simple Interest for 1 year = (P × r × t) / 100, where r is the annual interest rate and t is the time period in years.

Solution:

Let the principal sum be 'P'.

The given difference is:

P[(1 + 5/100)² - 1] - (P × 10 × 1) / 100 = 25

Solving the equation, we find P = Rs. 10,000.

Therefore, the sum lent out is Rs. 10,000.

Calculation:

Difference between runs scored in S and U = (31 - 12)/100 × 800

19/100 × 800 = 152

Difference between runs scored in S and U is 152.

Given:

A and B together can complete a work in 20 days.

B and C together can complete the same work in 15 days.

A, B and C all work together, then the same work gets completed in 10 days.

Concept Used:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

Total work = LCM(20, 15, 10) = 60 units

Efficiency of A and B together = 60/20 = 3 .......(i)

Efficiency of B and C together = 60/15 = 4 ........(ii)

Efficiency of A, B and C together = 60/10 = 6.  .......(iii)

Solve (i) and (iii)

Efficiency of C = 6 - 3 = 3

Put in (ii)

Efficiency of B = 4 - 3 = 1

Put in (i)

Efficiency of A = 3 - 1 = 2

Efficiency of A + C = 3 + 2 = 5

A and B together can complete a work = 60/5 = 12 days

A and C together take to 12 days complete the same work.

Shortcut Trick

Monthly Income = (Total Yearly Expenditure + Yearly Savings) ÷ 12

Total Yearly Expenditure = (4 × 2300) + (8 × 1800) = 9200 + 14400 = Rs. 23,600

Total Yearly Income = 23,600 + 12,400 = Rs. 36,000

Monthly Income = 36,000 ÷ 12 = Rs. 3,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 3,000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average expenditure for first 4 months = Rs. 2,300

Average expenditure for next 8 months = Rs. 1,800

Total annual savings = Rs. 12,400

Formula Used:

Total Income = Total Expenditure + Total Savings

Monthly Income = Total Annual Income ÷ 12

⇒ Total Expenditure for first 4 months = 4 × 2300 = Rs. 9,200

⇒ Total Expenditure for next 8 months = 8 × 1800 = Rs. 14,400

⇒ Total Annual Expenditure = 9,200 + 14,400 = Rs. 23,600

⇒ Total Annual Income = Annual Expenditure + Annual Savings

⇒ Total Annual Income = 23,600 + 12,400 = Rs. 36,000

⇒ Monthly Income = 36,000 ÷ 12 = Rs. 3,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 3,000.

Additional Information

Income and Expenditure Relationship

The fundamental relation is Income = Expenditure + Savings. Any change in one parameter directly affects the others when the third is constant.

Weighted Average

When calculating average for different periods, use the weighted average formula: Avg = (n₁x₁ + n₂x₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂), where n represents the number of months.

Unit Consistency

Always ensure the time periods match. If savings are given annually, convert expenditures to an annual sum before calculating monthly income.

Given:

[(24 - 12) ÷ 4] + [81 - 48 ÷ 12 of 2]

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ [(24 - 12) ÷ 4] + [81 - 48 ÷ 12 of 2] 

⇒ [12 ÷ 4] + [81 - 48 ÷ 24]     (Of will be solved first according to BODMAS)

⇒ 3 + [81 - 48 ÷ 24] 

⇒ 3 + [81 - 2] 

⇒ ​3 + 79

⇒ 82

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.

Given:

512 × 3 - 25 ÷ 15 × 9

Concept Used:

Solution:

Simplifying the expression step-by-step:

⇒ 512 × 3 - 25 ÷ 15 × 9

⇒ 1,536 - (25/15) × 9

⇒ 1,536 - (5/3) × 9

⇒ 1,536 - 15

⇒ 1521

Therefore, the value of the expression is 1,521.

Given: 

6 sec θ = 10

Concept:

Sec θ = 1/cos θ,

cosec θ = 1/sin θ,

cot θ = cos θ/sin θ

Calculation:

6 sec θ = 10

⇒ sec θ = 10/6

⇒ cos θ = 6/10 = 3/5

⇒ sin θ = √(1 - cos² θ) = √(1 - 9/25)

⇒ sin θ = √(16/25)

⇒ sin θ = 4/5

⇒ cosec θ = 1/sin θ = 5/4

⇒ cot θ = cos θ/sin θ = 3/5/4/5 = 3/4

Put the values in (5 cosec θ - 3 cot θ)/(4 cos θ + 3 sin θ)

⇒ (5 × 5/4 - 3 × 3/4)/(4 × 3/5 + 3 × 4/5)

⇒ (25/4 - 9/4)/(12/5 + 12/5)

⇒ (16/4)/(24/5)

⇒ 5/6

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Craven '.

Key Points

• "Craven" is a term used to describe someone who is very cowardly or lacking in courage.(कायर)
• It is generally used in a derogatory sense.
• Cowardly: Cowardly means showing a lack of courage in facing danger, difficulty, opposition, or pain.(डरपोक)
• This term is a synonym to "craven", as both refer to someone who lacks bravery.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Cowardly.'

Additional Information 

• Looking at the given options:
• Bold: Bold describes a person who is not afraid to do things which involve risk or danger, or to express their feelings or opinions, even though this might upset other people.(साहसी)
• Unabashed: Unabashed is used to describe someone who is not embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed.(निर्भीक)
• Gallant: Gallant is used to describe someone who is brave, noble, and chivalrous. (शूरवीर)

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Buttery'.

Key Points

• "Coarse" is an adjective that describes something rough, crude or of low quality.(कठोर)
• It can also be used to describe someone's manners as rude or vulgar.
• **Buttery: "**Buttery" usually describes something that is smooth, creamy, or has the qualities of butter.(मक्खन की तरह स्मूथ)
• When considering textures, "buttery" is the opposite of "coarse", as it implies a smooth and pleasing quality.

The correct answer is: 'Buttery'.

Additional Information

• Devoted: The term 'devoted' refers to having strong love or loyalty for someone or something.(समर्पित)
• Unrefined: This term refers to something in its raw or original state, not processed or purified. (अपरिष्कृत)
• Gruntled: This term is rather unusual but means pleased, satisfied, or contented. (संतुष्ट)

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Beneficiel'.

Key Points

• The wrongly spelled word here is "Beneficiel".
• The correct spelling for this word is "Beneficial".
• "Beneficial" refers to something that has a positive effect or promotes wellbeing. (लाभदायक)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Beneficial'.

Additional Information

• Let's discuss all the words:
• Benign: This term is used to describe something that is harmless or not dangerous. (अहानिकर)
• Besiege: To besiege means to surround a place, especially with an army, to try to take control of it. (घेरा डालना)
• Bifurcate: This term means to divide into two branches or forks.(दो भागों में विभाजित करना)

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• The correct sequence is indeed PSRQ.
• P. time and money into understanding its
• S. complexity, refitting shops, trialling which healthier
• R. promotions work, and changing product ingredients to
• Q. make them healthier so they can continue to be marketed
• This sentence makes sense as it tells a story about the efforts of many retailers to understand the complexity of making healthier options appealing to customers.
• These efforts include refitting their shops, testing out different healthier promotions, and even altering the ingredients of their products to make them healthier, so they can continue to be marketed as such.

When we arrange the sentence as per PSRQ, we get: "Many retailers have invested time and money into understanding its complexity, refitting shops, trialling which healthier promotions work, and changing product ingredients to make them healthier so they can continue to be marketed."

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. 'Camor'.

Key Points

• The wrongly spelled word here is "Camor".
• The correct spelling for this word could be "Camaro", a model of car, or "Camaraderie" which means mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.(सखा-पन)

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Camor'.

Additional Information

• Let's discuss all the words:
• Circumspect: This term is used to describe someone who is cautious or wary, unwilling to take risks.(सतर्क)
• Cloying: Cloying is used to describe something that is sickeningly sweet, in the sense of being excessively sentimental or flattering. (खींचाव युक्त)
• Coffer: A coffer is a box or chest to hold valuable items. In a broader context, it can also refer to the funds or financial reserves of a group or institution.(संदूक)

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Sheet'.

Key Points

• In English, the most common way to refer to a single piece of paper is to call it a "sheet."
• This is the term used when talking about one piece of paper that is unattached to others, and is appropriate for the context of the sentence.
• It is easy to imagine various fun activities (like drawing, folding origami, writing a story, etc.) that could be done with one sheet of paper.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Just one sheet of paper can lead to a whole lot of fun.'

Additional Information

• 2) "Bunch" and 3) "Bulk" are used to refer to a large quantity or collection of items, which does not fit the context of the sentence if we're talking about just one piece of paper.
• "Group" refers to a collection of individuals or things considered together, and it's not typically used to describe a single item like a piece of paper.

The correct answer is 'All the pastries were eaten by the cat.'.

Key Points

• In the passive voice, the subject and object in the sentence are switched.
• The object of the action in the active voice becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• In the original sentence, "The cat" is the subject, "ate" is the verb in the past simple tense, and "all the pastries" is the object.
• When converting this to passive voice, the verb "ate" becomes "were eaten" to match with the plural form of "pastries".

Therefore, the correct sentence is: '**All the pastries were eaten by the cat.'

Additional Information

• The other options are incorrect because:
• "All the pastries is eaten by the cat" uses "is", which is incorrect because "pastries" is plural, so it should be "were".
• "All the pastries had been eaten by the cat" is incorrect because "had been" refers to the past perfect tense, not the past simple tense of the original sentence.
• "All the pastries are eaten by the cat" uses "are", which is incorrect because it refers to present tense, not the past tense of the original sentence.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 Key Points

• The error lies in 'Option 2'.
• The given sentence is in present simple tense.
• 'Can't' will be used instead of 'couldn't.'

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'A guru is someone who does not charge you a fee because someone who is tied in greed can't release you.'

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Associate'.

Key Points

• The word "Buddy" refers to a close friend or a companion.
• It's a casual term often used in American English to denote friendship.
• Associate: An associate can refer to a partner or colleague in business or at work, or more generally, a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend.(सहयोगी)
• While not as close as a buddy typically would be, "associate" is the closest synonym in this list.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Associate'.

Additional Information

• Looking at the provided options:
• Stylist: A stylist is a person whose job is to arrange and coordinate food, clothes, etc. in a stylish and attractive way, especially for photographs or films.(स्टाइलिस्ट)
• Foe: A foe is an enemy or a person who is opposed to someone.(शत्रु)
• Enemy: An enemy is a person who is actively opposed or hostile to someone.(दुश्मन)