SSC CHSL Previous Paper 51 (Held On: 25 March 2018 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is precariously.

Key Points

• The correctly spelt word is precariously. It means in a way that is uncertain, insecure, unstable or likely to be damaged.
• Example : Don’t get involved in situations where you are precariously close to death.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is CAB.

Key Points

• The first part of the sequence should be C as ‘English may be a foreign language…’ makes logical sense.
• The next part that follows should be A. ‘from other countries…’ is grammatically correct.
• If we use part B after C, ‘from other those…’ makes no sense.
• Part B can end the sentence properly.

Complete sentence – English may be a foreign language for students from other countries, but not for those from India.

Thus, the correct sequence is CAB, making option 2 the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'No improvement'.

Key Points

• The correct structure is: has been + verb in the past participle. It indicates that the action began in the past and continues in the present.
• Example: She has been considering moving to another place.
• The given sentence discusses a person whose job was assigned in the past and he still continues to perform that duty. So, no improvement is required, making option 4 the correct answer.
• Moreover, according to the "Subject-Verb Agreement Rule", 'a person' is a singular subject that will take a singular verb 'has' with it
• The correct sentence- A better example is a person who has been assigned the duty of planting trees and watering them along an expressway.

The correct answer is had been depressed.

Key Points

The correct structure to be used: had been + verb in the past participle. This is used to indicate that the action began in the past and continued up to a given time in the past.

Let us see an example to understand:

• I had been worried about you. Where were you all these days?

Important Points

In the given sentence, the depression began in the past and he continued to be depressed for a period of time. That explains the use of ‘had been + verb’ structure. Now, the verb should be in the past participle. So, depressed is the correct form.

His friends claimed that he had been depressed for a few months.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is Abolish.

Key Points

Let us look into the meaning of the given words:

• Embark – to begin a course of action
• Commence – to begin something
• Initiate – to cause something to begin
• Abolish – to end an activity officially

Therefore, the word abolish expresses the desired meaning, making option 4 the correct answer.

The correct answer is Opus.

Key Points

• Ballad - a song or poem that tells a story
• Sonnet – a poem of 14 lines that has a particular pattern of rhyme
• Opus – an artistic work (like a musical composition) done on a large scale
• Limerick – a funny poem of 5 lines

Therefore, the word opus expresses the desired meaning, making option 3 the correct answer.

The correct answer is Leave, typically to escape from or avoid someone or something.

Key Points

• The meaning of the phrase shoot through is to leave a place very quickly especially in order to avoid someone or something.
• Example: My wife shot through while I was left behind dealing with the police.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Used to describe a person’s rise from a state of extreme poverty to one of great wealth.

Key Points

• The phrase rags to riches is used to describe a person’s rise from being very poor to being very rich.
• Example: His rags-to-riches fantasy finally came true!

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is in.

Key Points

The correct preposition to be used here is in.

• When we refer to a large or general place, we use in.
• When we refer to a specific smaller place/street (especially a surface), we use on.
• I found her in the city.
• I found her on Park Avenue Street in Chennai.

Confusion Points

Although the word place in the given passage does not refer to a physical area, the mention is in a general sense and does not refer to a surface-like feature.

…means of expression in its place…

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is intuitive.

Key Points

Feeling is a noun here. So, the word that comes before it should be an adjective (describing the noun). Looking at the options, intuitive is the correct word. 

Intuition is the ability to understand something based on feelings and not on evidence or reasoning.

Important Points

The following sentences help us to understand the meaning clearly:

• Let your intuition guide you in this moment of difficulty
• My mother knows intuitively how to calm me.
• My mother’s intuitive understanding of my habits is surprising.

So, the correct answer is option 2.

…the natural intuitive feeling of a student…

Additional Information

• Intuition is a noun.
• Intuitively is an adverb.

The correct answer is too.

Key Points

Too means excessively – it is used to stress the excessive degree of something.

Now, the question arises whether we should use too much or very much in the given sentence.

• Very much is used to mean to a great degree (but not excessive)
• Example: Your help is very much appreciated.
• Too much is often used to indicate more than what can be tolerated. (it often indicates unpleasantness)
• Example : You are spending too much time on entertainment

Here, in the given context, we are talking about excessive knowledge (highlighting some unpleasant aspect). So, too much is a proper fit.

…danger that too much knowledge…

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is intellectual.

Key Points

The word inquiry is a noun. The most suitable word that comes before it should be an adjective (a word that describes the noun). Looking at the options, we are describing the inquiry as intellectual. (Intellectually is an adverb that will describe a verb - an action word).

…altogether discourage intellectual inquiry into artistic phenomena…

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

intellectual: relating to the intellect

Intellective is not a valid word in English.

The correct answer is of.

Key Points

The correct preposition to be used here is of. 

• Of: expressing the relationship between a part and a whole.
• Example: The sleeve of his coat is brown in colour.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1. (…said for the point of view that would…)

Additional Information

• For(preposition/conjunction): intended to be given to; reason or purpose
• From(preposition): used to show the place where someone or something starts; used to indicate a starting time
• Off(preposition/adverb): down or away from a place, position, or time, especially the present place, position, or time; away from a place or position, especially the present place, position, or time:

The correct answer is Orchestra.

Key Points

The correctly spelt word is Orchestra. 

• Orchestra: It refers to the group of musicians and instrumentalists who play a variety of instruments together.
• Example: I shall have my own orchestra, but shouldn't we get the gipsy singers as well? ...

Important Points

The word is pronounced as Or-k-istra : -ch sounds like k and not like ch in machine or in munch)

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is He says that everybody is here.

Key Points

• In Direct speech, the message is conveyed in the words of the speaker.
• In Indirect speech, the message is reported in our words.
• When we convert Direct speech to Indirect speech, we omit the quotation marks (“…”). Also, the conjunction that is added before introducing the words spoken between quotation marks. So, we can eliminate option 1.
• If the reporting verb is in the present tense, the verb in the reported speech does not undergo any change during transformation. The reported speech is conveyed as it had been originally in direct speech.
• Keeping these points in mind, the sentence in Indirect Speech becomes: He says that everybody is here

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is My mobile phone has been stolen.

Key Points

• The subject is someone that works on the object.
• A sentence is said to be in Active Voice when the subject performs the action
• When the subject is being acted upon by the verb – it is Passive Voice.
• The sequence in Active voice – Subject + verb + object
• The sequence in Passive voice – Object + verb + Subject
• The meaning conveyed by the sentence in both voices will remain the same. Only the sequence of the subject and the object (or the action) changes.
• Let us understand this through an example
• Active Voice: ‘She eats an apple every day’
• Passive Voice : ‘An apple is eaten by her every day’
• Note that eats changes to is eaten. We always change the main verb form to the past participle form of the verb
• The given sentence is in Active Voice as somebody is the subject performing an action of stealing. The sentence when converted in Passive voice becomes: My mobile phone has been stolen (has changes to has been). 'Somebody' which is missing in the passive voice is an inferred object of the passive voice sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is PRQ.

Key Points

• The adjective warm-blooded has to be followed by a noun. So, the first part in the sequence will be P.
• The next part can be R as elaborate (meaning detailed) is an adjective suitably describing physiological control.
• Part Q ends the sentence reasonably.
• Warm-blooded animals have an elaborate physiological control to maintain constant body temperature

Therefore, the correct sequence is PRQ, making option 2 the right answer.

The correct answer is Forgive.

Key Points

• Reprimand: a formal expression of disapproval
• Forgiveness: the action or process of forgiving or being forgiven

Thus we can see that Reprimand and Forgiveness are antonyms.

Additional Information

• Punishment: the act of punishing someone; rough treatment
• Lecture: a formal talk on a serious subject given to a group of people, especially students
• Blame: the situation in which people say or think that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad happening

The correct answer is Happiness.

Key Points

• Calamity: an event that causes much suffering to many people
• Happiness: the feeling of being happy

Thus, we can see that Calamity and Happiness are near-antonyms

Additional Information

• Failure: the fact of someone or something not succeeding
• Suffering: physical or mental pain that a person or animal is feeling
• Tragedy: a very sad event or situation, especially one involving death or suffering

The correct answer is Spicy.

Key Points

• Piquant: having a pleasant sharp or spicy taste
• Spicy: containing strong flavours from spices

Thus we can see that Piquant and Spicy are synonyms.

Additional Information

• Flat: level and smooth, with no curved, high, or hollow parts
• Pride: a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good
• Grumpy: easily annoyed and complaining

The correct answer is Praise.

Key Points

• Plaudit: praise
• Praise: to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing

Thus we can see that Plaudit and Praise are synonyms.

Additional Information

• Criticism: the act of saying that something or someone is bad
• Jeering: the action of laughing or shouting insults at someone to show you have no respect for them
• Silence: a period without any sound; complete quiet

The correct answer is gain.

Key Points

Let us look into the meaning of the words:

• Gain – to get something desired especially as a result of one’s efforts
• Detain – to hold someone back or stop them from moving
• Gripe – to complain about something in an irritating way
• Returned: given something back to someone

The most appropriate word is gain. (Profits are gained)

Complete sentence - She did not gain any profits from the investment.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is explorers.

Key Points

Let us understand the meaning of the given words:

• Explorer – a person who travels to places to learn more about them
• Concocter – the one who creates an idea/plan
• Inventor – the first person to manufacture or develop something
• Manufacturer – a person who makes goods using raw materials

The sentence here talks about the discovery of a place (Australia). So, the word explorers will be a proper fit for the blank.

Complete sentence - Australia was discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 3- the error lies in only Part 3.

Key Points

• The error lies in part 3 of the sentence, making option 3 the correct answer.
• The word anyway means: in spite of something that has been mentioned before.
• Example: It was raining heavily, but we drove to the mall anyway.
• Any means one or some of a thing.
• Example: Do you have any food left?
• The speaker here refers to any work towards saving the environment.
• There is no point to highlight in spite of in the given sentence. So, the use of any way is incorrect.
• Hence, the correct sentence is: We can make donations to NGOs that are engaged in planting trees or in any work towards saving the environment.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The error lies in part 1 of the sentence.
• Then and than are homophones that sound alike but have different meanings.
• Let us understand the difference in the usage of then and than.
• | Than | Then | | --- | --- | | Than is used to make comparisons. | Then is used when we are talking about time (to mean at that time) | | Than can function as a conjunction or preposition (used to indicate comparison) | Then can function as an adjective, adverb, or noun. | | Eg- She is more caring than I am. | Eg- I was at home then. |

 

• In the given question, the sentence is making a comparison between the problem and the speaker’s reaction to the problem. So, we need to use than and not then.
• Correct Sentence - More than the problem, it’s my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.

​

Additional Information

• Than is most often seen with comparatives and words like "more," "less," and "fewer."
• Eg-  Russia is even more spacious than Canada.  ("More spacious" is comparative.)
• Then can also be used to indicate the next action in order.
• Eg- We went to the mall and then out for dinner.

​

Important Points

• The best way to remember the difference between the two is to associate then with time and order and than with any form of comparison.
• It may also help to note that the word than doesn’t really have a one-word substitute; it’s one of a kind.
• Eg-  Carlos is taller than his brother. (There is no other word that can fill the role of than).
• Eg- I drove to the bank and then went to the store. (Here, the word then can be substituted by subsequently).

​​

Mistake Points ​   

• ​Comparisons involving time tend to attract this error. Remember to use "than" for comparisons, including those involving time.
• ​Winter is later then autumn. (Wrong )
• Winter is later than autumn. (Right)

The correct answer is White: Colour.

Solution

Rose: Flower → Rose is a type of flower

Similarly,

White: Colour → White is a type of colour.

Hence, White : Colour is the correct answer.

The logic followed is,

7 : 341 → 7 : 7³ - 2

Similarly,

11 : 1329 → 11 : 11³ - 2

Hence, 1329 is the correct answer.

The logic followed is,

 

Similarly,

 

Hence, the correct answer is " SUX ".

All except 'Millet - Rabi' are correct pairs, Millet is a Kharif crop.

Hence, the correct answer is " Millet - Rabi ".

The logic followed here is:-

(First number + 5) = Second number

1. 17 - 22 → 17 + 5 = 22

2. 19 - 24 → 19 + 5 = 24

3. 47 - 52 → 47 + 5 = 52

4. 29 - 36 → 29 + 5 = 34 not 36

As can be established from above that 29 - 36 is the odd number pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "29 - 36".

The pattern followed here is:-

As can be seen from the above that OSY are the odd letters among the given alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "OSY".

The correct order of the given words as they would appear in an English dictionary is as shown:-

1. Despair

2. Detect

3. Develop

4**) Dia**gonal

5. Different

As can be seen the word that comes at fourth position is Diagonal.

Hence, the correct answer is "Diagonal".

The logic followed here is:-

Hence, the correct answer is "805".

The pattern followed here is:-

Hence, the correct answer is "KN".

Given →

‘A 4 B’ means ‘A is mother of B’,

‘A 6 B’ means ‘A is wife of B’,

‘A 8 B’ means ‘A is son of B’,

‘A 2 B’ means ‘A is father of B’

1. F 4 V 8 H 8 R → F is mother of V, V is son of H, H is son of R

F is the father of V.

2. H 4 F 8 A 8 V → H is mother of F, F is son of A, A is son of V

F is the grandson of V.

3. R 4 V 6 B 2 F → R is mother of V, V is wife of B, B is father of F

V is the mother of F.

4. F 4 A 8 R 2 V → F is mother of A, A is son of R, R is father of V

F is the mother of V.

Hence, the correct answer is "H 4 F 8 A 8 V".

Given word → Philosophy

1. Local → Philosophy → Cannot be formed (Letter 'C' is not present in the given word 'Philosophy')

2. Loos → Philosophy → Can be formed (all the letters are present so, the word Loss can be formed)

3. Sophy → Philosophy → Can be formed (all the letters are present so, the word Sophy can be formed)

4. So → Philosophy → Can be formed (all the letters are present so, the word So can be formed)

Hence, the correct answer is "Local".

The pattern followed here is:-

FAINT is coded as DYGLR

Similarly,

METRO is coded as KCRPM

Hence, the correct answer is "KCRPM".

Given → 3 × 8 ÷ 4 - 60 + 12 = ?

After replacing the symbols with their meaning, we get:-

New equation → 3 - 8 + 4 × 60 ÷ 12

Now, after applying BODMAS Rule, we get:-

3 - 8 + 4 × 60 ÷ 12

3 - 8 + 4 × 5

3 - 8 + 20

23 - 8

15

Hence, the correct answer is "15".

Given equation:-

7 × 16 + 20 - 20 ÷ 10 = 31

Checking options one by one by interchanging signs

1. ÷ and -

After interchanging, new equation → 7 × 16 + 20 ÷ 20 - 10 = 31

By solving the equation using BODMAS Rule, we get:-

7 × 16 + 20 ÷ 20 - 10 = 31

7 × 16 + 1 - 10 = 31

112 + 1 - 10 = 31

113 - 10 = 31

103 ≠ 31

Left hand side is not equal to right hand side

2. × and -

After interchanging, new equation → 7 - 16 + 20 × 20 ÷ 10 = 31

By solving the equation using BODMAS Rule, we get:-

7 - 16 + 20 × 20 ÷ 10 = 31

7 - 16 + 20 × 2 = 31

7 - 16 + 40 = 31

47 - 16 = 31

31 = 31

Left hand side is equal to right hand side

3. • and ÷

After interchanging, new equation → 7 × 16 ÷ 20 - 20 + 10 = 31

By solving the equation using BODMAS Rule, we get:-

7 × 16 ÷ 20 - 20 + 10 = 31

7 × 0.8 - 20 + 10 = 31

5.6 - 20 + 10 = 31

15.6 - 20 = 31

• 4.4 ≠ 31

Left hand side is not equal to right hand side

4. • and +

After interchanging, new equation → 7 × 16 - 20 + 20 ÷ 10 = 31

By solving the equation using BODMAS Rule, we get:-

7 × 16 - 20 + 20 ÷ 10 = 31

7 × 16 - 20 + 2 = 31

112 - 20 + 2 = 31

114 - 20 = 31

94 ≠ 31

Left hand side is not equal to right hand side

Hence, the correct answer is "× and -".

The logic followed is:-

(First number + Second number)/2 → Result

Given:-

In 18$2 = 10

(18 + 2)/2 = 20/2 ⇒ 10

In 8$4 = 6

(8 + 4)/2 = 12/2 ⇒ 6

In 12$18 = 15

(12 + 18)/2 = 30/2 ⇒ 15

Similarly,

In 7$9

(7 + 9)/2 = 16/2 = 8

Hence, the correct answer is "8".

The pattern followed here is:-

The second letter Y is shifted to right in each block.

XYZXZXZ → XZYXZXZ → XZXYZXZ → XZXZYXZ → XZXZXYZ → XZXZXZY

Hence, the correct answer is "XZXZXZY".

As per the given information,

1. A contestant in a cycle race starts and cycles 3 km North.

2. Then turns East and cycles 5.5 km.

 

3. Then turns South and cycles 3 km.

 

4. Then turns to his left and cycles 7 km.

 

Here, we can see that the contestant in 12.5 km towards East from the starting position.

Hence, the correct answer is " 12.5 km East ".

The least possible Venn diagram is as follows:

Conclusion I: All strings are fibres → False (It is possible but not definite)

Conclusion II: All fibres are strings → True.

Hence, the correct answer is " Only Conclusion II follows ".

Rectangle represents actors,

Circle represents illustrator,

Triangle represents sculptors,

Square represents gymnasts.

→ Intersection of rectangle and triangle represents actors who are sculptors: EF.

 

Hence, the correct answer is " EF ".

The pattern followed here is:-

Hence, the correct answer is "DYQ".

The pattern followed here is:-

Hence, the correct answer is "75".

The logic followed is here is:-

Second number = First number × 4 + 1

Third number = First number × 2 + 1

In (22, 89, 45)

(22 × 4 + 1) → 88 + 1 = 89

(22 × 2 + 1) → 44 + 1 = 45

In (15, 61, 31)

(15 × 4 + 1) → 60 + 1 = 61

(15 × 2 + 1) → 30 + 1 = 31

In (12, 49, 25)

(12 × 4 + 1) → 48 +1 = 49

(12 × 2 + 1) → 24 + 1 = 25

But,

In (13, 52, 27)

(13 × 4 + 1) → 53 ≠ 52

(13 × 2 + 1) → 27

As can be seen clearly that the odd pair is (13, 52, 27) as it does not follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "(13, 52, 27)".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when a mirror is placed on the line MN is as shown below:-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Here, the opposite faces of the cube are:-

Now, checking option one by one:-

1. Cube shown in option figure 1 can be formed as no opposite faces are present together.

2) Cube shown in option figure 2 can be formed as no opposite faces are present together.

3. Cube shown in option figure 3 cannot be formed as the opposite faces are adjacent to each other, which is not possible.

4) Cube shown in option figure 4 can be formed as no opposite faces are present together.

In option 3) the opposite faces are adjacent to each other, which is not possible.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The pattern followed here is:-

A letter in the matrices is represented first by its row and then by its column.

Checking options one by one to identify the set for the word 'PAID'

1. 20 → I ; 68 → Z ; 12 → H ; 78 → Z (So, the word formed is IZHZ)

2. 30 → E ; 55 → X ; 34 → J ; 59 → X (So, the word formed is EXJX)

3. 14 → L ; 89 → U ; 30 → E ; 85 → Y (So, the word formed is LUEY)

4. 88 → P ; 21 → A ; 41 → I ; 43 → D (So, the word formed is PAID)

Hence, the correct answer is "88, 21, 41, 43".

Calculation:

Let the cost of jeans be Rs. x

Total amount paid after service of one year = 80 + x

Amount paid after service of one month = (80 + x)/12

Amount paid after service of 9 months = {(80 + x)/12} × 9

According to the question:

⇒ 55 + x = (240 + 3x)/4

⇒ 220 + 4x = 240 + 3x

⇒ x = 20

∴ The price of the jeans is Rs.20

Calculation:

2/5 = 0.4

4/9 = 0.44

Now, from the option:

3/7 = 0.43

2/4 = 0.5

4/5 = 0.8

1/2 = 0.5

Hence, 0.4 < 0.43 < 0.44 < 0.5 < 0.8

⇒ 0.43 = 3/7 is lies between 2/5 and 4/9

∴ The correct answer is 3/7.

Shortcut Trick

The Sum of two numbers is 2 × Arithmetic Mean = 2 × 7 = 14.

The Product of two numbers is (Geometric Mean)² = (2√10)² = 4 × 10 = 40.

Find two numbers whose sum is 14 and product is 40: 10 and 4 (since 10+4=14 and 10×4=40).

Given x > y, therefore x = 10 and y = 4.

∴ The correct answer is 10, 4.

Alternate Method

Given: Arithmetic Mean (AM) = 7 and Geometric Mean (GM) = 2√10.

Formula Used: AM = (x + y) / 2 and GM = √(xy).

⇒ (x + y) / 2 = 7 ⇒ x + y = 14

⇒ √(xy) = 2√10 ⇒ xy = (2√10)² = 40

⇒ Using the Quadratic Equation form: t² − (Sum)t + (Product) = 0

⇒ t² − 14t + 40 = 0

⇒ t² − 10t − 4t + 40 = 0

⇒ t(t − 10) − 4(t − 10) = 0 ⇒ (t − 10)(t − 4) = 0

⇒ The roots are 10 and 4. Since x > y, x = 10 and y = 4.

∴ The correct answer is 10, 4.

Additional Information

Relationship between AM and GM

For any two positive numbers, the Arithmetic Mean is always greater than or equal to the Geometric Mean (AM ≥ GM).

Quadratic Equation from Roots

If the sum of roots is S and the product of roots is P, the equation is given by x² − Sx + P = 0.

Harmonic Mean (HM)

The Harmonic Mean of x and y is given by 2xy / (x + y). The relation between means is GM² = AM × HM.

Given:

y = 1³ + 2³ + 3³ + 4³ + 5³ + 6³

Calculation:

y = 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + 63

⇒ y = 1 + 8 + 27 + 64 + 125 + 216

⇒ y = 441

So, (y - 1) = 441 - 1 = 440

∴ The correct answer is 440.

Given:

The distance between the center of circles is equal to 6 cm.

Calculation:

Let the common chord AB perpendicular bisect the distance between the center XY at O

⇒ XO = XY/2 = 6/2 = 3cm

⇒ AX = radius = 6 (The circles pass through each other’s center)

Now, in triangle XAO right angled at O

⇒ AX² = AO² + XO²

⇒ 6² = AO² + 3²

⇒ AO² = 36 - 9

⇒ AO = 3√3

⇒ AB = 2 × AO = 6√3 cm

∴ The correct answer is 6√3 cm.

Given:

The perimeter of the first triangle = 36 units

The perimeter of the second triangle = 48 units

Formula used:

(Perimeter of the first triangle)/(perimeter of the second triangle) = (Side of the first triangle)/(side of the second triangle).

Calculation:

(Side of the first triangle)/(side of the second triangle) = (perimeter of the first triangle)/(perimeter of the second triangle)

Side of the first triangle/side of second triangle = 36/48 = 3/4

Area of the first triangle/Area of the second triangle = (side of first triangle/side of second triangle)²

Area of the first triangle/Area of the second triangle = (3/4)² = 9/16

∴ The correct answer is 9/16.

Calculation:

Let a be the side of a square.

So, the area of the square = a²

New side = a + {(60/100) × a} = (160/100) × a = 1.6a

So, area of new square = (1.6a)² = 2.56a²

Percentage increase in its area = (2.56a² - a²)/a² × 100 = 156%

∴ The correct answer is 156%.

Shortcut TrickCalculation:

So the percentage change in area = {(64 - 25)/25} × 100

⇒ 39 × 4 = 156%

∴ The correct answer is 156%.

Given: 

(X/4) = (Y/5) = (Z/9)

Calculation:

(X/4) = (Y/5) = (Z/9)

⇒ X ∶ Y ∶ Z  = 4 ∶ 5 ∶ 9

∴ The correct answer is 4 ∶ 5 ∶ 9.

Given:

Wheat costing Rs. 30/kg, Rs. 35/kg and a third variety of wheat are mixed in the ratio of 3 ∶ 4 ∶ 2.

The mixture costs Rs. 34/kg.

Concept :

If N is divided into two part in the ratio a : b, then

First part = N × a/(a + b)

Second part = N × b/(a + b)

Calculation:

Let the quantity of three varieties of wheat be 3x, 4x and 2x and cost of third variety of wheat be Rs. a/kg

According to the question,

⇒ (3x × 30) + (4x × 35) + (2x × a) = 34 × (3x + 4x + 2x)

⇒ 90x + 140x + 2xa = 306x

⇒ 2xa = 76x

⇒ a = 38

∴ The cost of the third variety of wheat is Rs. 38/kg

Given:

The average of 10 members = 18

The average of 9 members = 16

Formula used:

Average = sum of the given data/number of data

Calculation:

According to the question:

Average of 10 numbers = 18

⇒ sum of 10 numbers/10= 18

⇒ Sum of 10 numbers = 180

One number is removed, then total 9 numbers are left.

.Average of 9 numbers = 16

⇒ sum of 9 numbers/9 = 16

⇒ Sum of 9 numbers = 144

Required number = 180 - 144 = 36

∴ The correct answer is 36

Given:

Amount = 1.68 × Principal

Time = 2 years

Formula used:

Amount = P × {1 + (r/100)}ⁿ

Calculation:

Let the principal be Rs. P

Amount = 1.69 × Principal

⇒ P{1 + (rate/100)}² = 1.69 × P

⇒  {1 + (rate/100)}² = 1.69

⇒ 1 + (rate/100) = 1.3

⇒ (rate/100) = 1.3 - 1

⇒ rate = 0.3 × 100

⇒ rate = 30%

∴ The correct answer is 30%.

Given:

The cost price of the first article is equal to the selling price of the second article.

Calculation:

Let the C.P of the first article be Rs. X

Profit % = 40%

So, Selling price = X + 40% of X

= x + 0.4x = 1.4x = 7x/5

And, the selling price of the second article = Rs. X

Loss % = 40%

Cost price = Selling price + loss % of cost price

⇒ (1 - loss%) cost price = selling price

⇒ (1 - 0.4)Cost price = X

⇒ 0.6 cost price = X

⇒ Cost price = x/0.6 = 5x/3

Required ratio = (7x/5) ∶ (5x/3) = 21 ∶ 25

∴ The correct answer is 21 ∶ 25.

Shortcut TrickCalculation:

The first article sold at 40% profit = C.P : S.P = 5 : 7

The second article sold at 40% loss = C.P : S.P = 5 : 3

According to the question:

C.P : S.P = (5 : 7) × 3 = 15 : 21

C.P : S.P = (5 : 3) × 5 = 25 : 15

So, S.P of the first article: C.P of the second article = 21 : 25

∴ The correct answer is 21 ∶ 25.

Calculation:

Effective discount = {10 + 15 - (10 × 15)/100}% = 23.5%

Marked price = Rs.2400

Selling price = 2400 - 23.5% of 2400

⇒ 2400 - 564 = Rs.1836

∴ The correct answer is Rs.1836.

Calculation:

Statement I

$\frac{{\sqrt {225} ; + ;\sqrt {441} }}{{\sqrt {256} }}$ = (15 + 21)/16 = 36/16 = 2.25 < 2.5

So, this statement is false

Statement II

$\frac{{\sqrt{289} {\rm{;}} + {\rm{;}}\sqrt {529} }}{{\sqrt {169} }}{\rm{}}$ = (17 + 23)/13 = 40/13 = 3.07 > 3

So, this statement is true

∴ The correct option is 2.

GIVEN:

Shivam is 10% less efficient than Vivek

Vivek’s efficiency = 1/9

CALCULATION:

Vivek’s efficiency = 1/9

Shivam’s efficiency = 1/9 - 10% of (1/9) = 9/90 = 1/10

∴ Shivam can complete the work in 10 days 

Alternate MethodCalculation:

According to the question:

9 unit = 9 days

1 unit = 1 day

10 units = 10 days

∴ The correct answer is 10 days.

Given:

The distance between P and Q = 240 km

Speed of P = 25 km/h; Speed of Q = 18 km/h

Calculation:

Distance between P and Q at 10 : 00 am = 240 km

Distance covered by P in 1 hour = speed × time = 25 × 1 = 25 km

Distance between P and Q is at 11 am = 240 - 25 = 215 km

Relative speed = 25 + 18 = 43 km/hr

Time taken to meet = distance/ speed = 215/43 = 5 hr

∴ They will meet at 11 am + 5 hours = 4 pm

Alternate Method

Calculation:

1 hour difference (Q will have to move 1 hour late)

Total distance = 240 + 18

⇒ 258 km/h

Time = Distance/Speed

Time = 258/(25 + 18)

⇒ 6 hours

⇒ 10:00 AM + 6 hours

⇒ 4 : 00 PM

∴ The correct answer is 4 : 00 PM.

Calculation:

According to the graph, D has the second lowest production in units

∴ The correct option is 2.

Calculation:

Production of department A = 250

Production of department F = 400

Required ratio = 250 ∶ 400 = 5 ∶ 8

∴ The correct answer is 5 ∶ 8.

Calculation:

Production of department C = 200

Production of department E = 50

Required % = {(200 - 50)/50} × 100 = 300%

∴ The correct answer is 300%.

Calculation:

Production of department C = 200

Cost of Production of one unit = Rs. 250

Total Cost = 200 × 250 = Rs. 50000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 50000.

Given:

The side of an equilateral triangle is 16√3 cm

Formula used:

Area of an equilateral triangle = (√3/4) × side2

Calculation:

 Area of an equilateral triangle = (√3/4) × side2

⇒ (√3/4) × side2 = 16√3 cm2

⇒  side2 = 64

⇒  side = 8 cm

∴ Side of an equilateral triangle = 8 cm

Given:

Diameter of circle = 14 cm

Formula used:

Area of circle = π × r²

Calculation:

Diameter of circle = 14 cm

Radius = diameter/2 = 14/2 = 7 cm

Area = π × radius² = (22/7) × 7² = 154 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 154 cm2.

Given:

Diameter of hemisphere = 28 cm

Formula used:

Volume of hemisphere = (2/3) × π × radius3 

Calculation:

Diameter of hemisphere = 28 cm

Radius = diameter/2 = 28/2 = 14 cm

Volume = (2/3) × π × radius³

Volume = (2/3) × (22/7) × 14³ = 5749.33

∴ The correct answer is 5749.33 cm³.

Given:

∆DEF is right angled at E.

∠DFE = 60°; ∠DEF = 90° 

Formula used:

Cot 30° = √3

Calculation:

By angle sum property,

∠D + ∠E + ∠F = 180° 

⇒ ∠D = 180°- (∠E + ∠F)

⇒ 180°- (90° + 60°) = 30°

Cot D - (2/√3)

⇒ cot30° - (2/√3)

⇒ √3 - (2/√3)

⇒ (3 - 2)/√3 = 1/√3

∴ The correct answer is 1/√3.

Given:

∆DEF is right angled at E.

Tan D = 12/5

Calculation:

⇒ EF/DE = 12/5

⇒ EF = 12k and DE = 5k

Now, by Pythagoras theorem,

⇒ DF = √(EF² + DE²) = √(144k² + 25k²) = 13k

Now,

Sec F = DF/EF = 13k/12k = 13/12

∴ The correct answer is 13/12.

The correct answer is market of government securities

Key Points

• Gilt-edged are high graded low-risk investment instruments issued by the government.
• Gilt-edged term is used mostly in markets where government securities and bonds are traded.
• A gilt-edged denotes a high-quality item whose value remains fairly constant over time.
• The risk in gilt-edged securities/bonds is fairly low because they are mostly issued by governments. They only fail when government undergoes a financial breakdown.

The correct answer is environment-friendly.

Key Points

• Eco Mark is a certification mark given to ecologically safe products.
• It is issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to those products which conform to the standard prescribed.
• It was first started in 1991. Ministry of Forest and Climate Change handles it.
• It is given to over 16 categories including food, medicines, chemicals etc.

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• The Loess Plateau is located in Central China.
• It is located around the Wei River Valley of the Yellow River in central China.
• It is believed to be the cradle of Chinese Civilization and has enormous importance in Chinese history.
• It has notably the most erodible soil in the world and the eroded silt is responsible for the fertility of Northern China.

The correct answer is Chambal river.

Key Points

The 960 kilometres (600 mi) long Chambal River originates from the Singar Chouri peak on the northern slopes of the Vindhyan escarpment, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) West-South-West of Mhow in Indore District, Madhya Pradesh state.

Additional Information

• Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River.
• It flows through Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
• Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.
• Right Bank Tributaries - Parbati, Kali Sindh, Shipra.
• Left Bank Tributaries- Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar, Kota Barrage.

The correct answer is Mines.

Key Points

• Mines were the only authority of the state in the period of Maurya.
• Mines and materials extracted from it like gold, silver, copper, iron and tin were the sole authority of the state.
• It was used to manufacture weapons and armour for the king's military campaign.
• It also provided the needed metal to maintain currency.
• It was imperative to control the mining to stabilize the flow of currency.

Additional InformationMauryan Empire

• The Maurya dynasty (321–185 BC) was a powerful dynasty in ancient India.
• The Maurya dynasty ruled India for 137 years.
• The credit for its establishment is given to Chandragupta Maurya and his minister Chanakya (Kautilya).
• This empire started from the plains of the Ganges river (today's Bihar and Bengal) in the state of Magadha in the east.
• Its capital was Pataliputra (near present-day Patna city).
• Chandragupta Maurya established this empire in 321 BC and rapidly expanded his kingdom towards the west.
• The Mauryan Empire grew and thrived during the Iron Age.
• He took advantage of the differences between several small regional kingdoms that had arisen after Alexander's invasion.
• By 316 BC, the Maurya dynasty had occupied the whole of North Western India.
• The Maurya dynasty expanded on a large scale during the reign of the Chakravarti emperor Ashoka.
• Due to Emperor Ashoka, the Maurya Empire became the most significant and powerful.

The correct answer is Allahabad.

Key Points

• Fourth INC in 1888
• George Yule was the first Non-Indian president of the Indian National Congress session.
• George Yule was a Scottish merchant in England and India who served as the fourth President of the Indian National Congress in 1888 at Allahabad.
• He was the first non-Indian to hold that office.
• He was the founder of George Yule & Co. of London and headed Andrew Yule & Co., of Calcutta.
• He served as Sheriff of Calcutta and as President of the Indian Chamber of Commerce.

Additional Information

• Important sessions:

The correct answer is Hariprasad Chaurasia - Flute. 

Key Points

• Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasiya is a flautist born in Allahabad (now Prayagraj) India.
• He plays the Indian Bamboo flute.
• He belongs to the Hindustani Classical Music genre.
• In 2017 a documentary film Bansuri Guru was made on his life by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

Additional Information

• Bismillah Khan
• Ustad Bismillah Khan was a distinguished Shehnai player.
• Ustad Bismillah Khan was born on 21^st March 1916, in Dumraon, Bihar.
• He got the biggest break in 1938 when he got the chance to work in Lucknow when he got a chance to work for All India Radio.
• He was awarded by:
• Padam Shri(1961), Padma Bhushan(1968), Padma Vibhushan(1980), Tahar Mausique from Republic of Iran(1992), Sangeet Natak Academi(1994), Bharat Ratna(2001).
• Amjad Ali Khan
• Amjad Ali Khan Bangash (born 9 October 1945) is an Indian classical sarod player, best known for his clear and fast ekhara taans.
• He was awarded India's second-highest civilian honour Padma Vibhushan in 2001.
• He learned from his father Haafiz Ali Khan, who was a court musician in Gwalior up until Independence in 1947.
• The name sarod comes from the Persian ‘sarod’ meaning ‘melody’, alluding to its more melodic tone.
• Zakir Hussain
• Zakir Hussain is a famous Indian tabla maestro, composer, and music producer and is the eldest son of Ustad Allah Rakha.
• He was awarded Padma Shri in 1988 and Padma Bhushan in 2002.
• He along with his father is responsible for popularizing tabla on international platforms.
• In 2016, he was among the many musicians who were invited by President Obama to the international Jazz festival 2016 which was a global concert at the White House.

The correct answer is UAE and Saudi Arabia.

Key Points

• UAE and Saudi Arabia became the first countries of the Gulf to impose Value Added Tax (VAT) from 1 Jan 2018.
• It was introduced to earn more revenues apart from oil reserves.
• The other member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council are also committed to imposing VAT till the end of 2018.
• The rate of tax is set at 5%.
• A VAT is the type of consumption tax that is placed on a product whenever value is added at the stage of production and at the point of retail sale.

The correct answer is Zannah Mustapha.

Key Points

• Zannah Mustapha was awarded UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award in 2017 for meditating.
• Zannah helped secure the release of more than 100 schoolgirls kidnapped by Boko Haram in Nigeria.
• The Nansen Refugee award was established in 1954 by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
• The award recognizes extraordinary humanitarian work and service of an individual, group or organization towards refugees, internally displaced or stateless people.

Shalpa (Water Lily) is the national flower of Bangladesh.

• It is indigenous to southern and eastern parts of Asia and is the national flower of Sri Lanka as well.
• It is used as an ornamental plant because of its spectacular flowers, and is most commonly used for the traditional and cultural festivals in Bangladesh as well as Sri Lanka.
• It is also used as a food item and included in many dishes of Bangladeshi cuisine.

The correct answer is Li.

Key Points

• Lithium has the largest atomic radius i.e. 167pm.
• Whereas, Beryllium – 112 pm, Boron – 87 pm, and Oxygen – 48 pm are smaller than Lithium.
• Atomic radius is the measure of the size of the atom of a particular chemical element.
• The measurement from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounded electron.

Important Points

• Atomic radius - 
• It is the distance between the nucleus of an atom to its outermost electron that is called the 'Atomic Radius'.
• The exact value of the atomic radius of an atom cannot be known.
• Because the atom is not found in a free state nor can the exact position of the electron be known.​
• In general, the atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.

The correct answer is Metalloids.

Key Points

Concept

• Metalloids are elements that exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals.
• They are placed at the zigzag borderline separating metals and non-metals in the periodic table.

Explanation

• Silicon(Si), Germanium (Ge), Antimony(Sb), Tellurium(Te), Polonium(Po) are metalloids.

Additional InformationNon-metals-

• Non Metals are generally found in solid or gaseous form.
• They are not lustrous and are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
• They can not be converted into thin sheets.
• The most common example of non-metal is Carbon. Carbon belongs to Group 14 of the Modern periodic table. It has atomic number 6 and has four electrons in its outermost shell. It is tetravalent i.e. it can form four bonds by sharing its outermost electrons.

Metals-

• Metals are substances that form naturally below the surface of the Earth. Most metals are lustrous or shiny. Metals are inorganic, which means they are made of substances that were never alive.
• All metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Cooking utensils and irons are made up of metals as they are good conductors of heat.
• Ductility is the ability of the material to be stretched into a wire.

The correct answer is Germany.

Explanation:

The concept of suspension of fundamental rights during an emergency is taken from Germany.

There are three types of emergencies: 

• National Emergency
• Failure of constitutional machinery in states
• Financial Emergency

National Emergency: Article 352 of the Indian Constitution talks about the national emergency. A national emergency is imposed whereby there is a grave threat to the security of India or any of its territories due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. Such emergency shall be imposed by the president on the basis of a written request by the council of ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

State Emergency: Article 356 talks about the failure of constitutional machinery in a state also known as the President’s rule. If the president on Governor’s report or otherwise is satisfied that the situation has arisen that the government can’t be carried in accordance with the constitutional provisions then, he may issue a State emergency.

Financial Emergency: The president under Article 360 of the constitution has the power to declare a financial emergency if he is satisfied that the financial stability or the credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened. It has to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament and ceases to operate at the expiration of two months unless meanwhile approved by the resolution of Houses.

About other options:

The correct answer is Part XX.

Key Points

• Article 368 which gives the power of amendment is enshrined in Part XX of the Indian Constitution.
• Part XX has only one article i.e. Art 368 that deals with the amendment of the constitution.
• As per Art 368Parliament may add, amend, or repeal any provision of the constitution as per the procedure laid down for this purpose except the one that comes under the basic structure of the constitution
• .After duly passed by both the Houses of Parliament and ratified by the state legislatures, where necessary, the bill is presented to the President for assent.
• The President must give his assent to the bill. He can neither withhold his assent to the bill nor return the bill to the Parliament for reconsideration.
• After the President’s assent, the bill becomes an Act (i.e., a Constitutional Amendment Act) and the Constitution stands amended in accordance with the terms of the Act.

The correct answer is I - 1, II - 3, III - 2.

Key Points

• Ligaments.
• Ligaments are the connective tissue that connects two bones to each other.
• Ligaments are a short band of tough flexible connective tissues that connects two bones.
• Ligaments connect bones to other bones.
• Tendons are made up of collagen.
• Tendons connect bones to muscles.
• There are 11 major organ systems in humans.
• Cartilage is an important structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.
• Tendons
• A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
• Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball.
• A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.
• Cartilage 
• Cartilage is a specialized type of skeletal connective tissue. It provides support to the body.
• Cartilage is produced by a specialized type of cell called the Chondroblast.
• These are an immature types of cells that secrete a huge amount of extracellular matrix made up of elastin fibers, collagen fibers & proteoglycan

The correct answer is Thallophyta.

Explanation:

Thallophyta:

• Thallophytes are organisms that possess a thallus-like body.
• The body is not differentiated into stems, roots and leaves.
• They are tracheophytes (vascular tissues are absent).
• Lichens and algae fall under thallophyta.

 Bryophyta:

• They are tracheophytes, archegoniate, and amphibious cryptogams.
• Various mosses and liverworts fall under the classification of Bryophyta.
• They are commonly found growing in moist and shaded areas in the hills.
• Bryophytes can live in the soil, but they depend on water for sexual reproduction.
• They have a thallus-like body and possess rootlike and leaf-like structures.
• Their main plant body is haploid.

 Pteridophyta:

• They are archegoniate, embryophytes, tracheophytes cryptogams.
• Ferns and horsetails fall under the Pteridophyta.
• They are found growing in cool, damp, shady places. They also grow well in sandy soils.
• Evolutionarily they are the first plants to possess the vascular system- xylem and phloem.

The correct answer is the Ministry of Railways.

Key Points

• Ministry of Railways has launched Smart Freight Operation Optimisation & Real Time Information (SFOORTI) application to help plan traffic flows and optimize freight operations.
• It was launched in Jan 2018.
• It helps to track the movement of freight trains over Zones/Divisions/Sections on GIS View.
• Passenger trains can also be tracked using it.

The correct answer is Solar Strom.

Key Points

• Solar storms are a variety of eruptions of mass and energy from the solar surface.
• Solar storms can pose the highest change in the atmosphere due to their high energy.
• When the solar storm collides with the Earth's magnetic field and trapped radiation belts, it can dump particles into our upper atmosphere to cause the Aurora**.**