SSC CHSL Previous Paper 31 (Held On: 17 March 2018 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is- 'orientation'

Key Points

• 'orientation' is a noun and it means 'the particular things that a person prefers, believes, thinks, or usually does'
• Example: We employ people without regard to their political or sexual orientation.

Here, the correct spelling is- orientation

The correct answer is- 'BAC'

Key Points

• In the started sentence 'On inquiry at the' we can see 'Where can you make an inquiry (in the given context)? is asking so obviously, only the railway station is a possible choice. B 'railway station we were informed' has to be first.
• Hence Option 1 is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct sentence is- On inquiry at the railway station we were informed that there were several through trains to Dehradun every day.

The correct answer is- 'to pay'

Key Points

• Using 'to pay' in the pace of 'to paying' to make the sentence correct.
• We know that 'To' is a preposition. It is also used as part of the infinitive (the to-infinitive)
• Example: I’d like to see that film. (to-infinitive)
• So that replaces 'pay' instead of 'paying'

The correct sentence is- We could not afford to pay the entire sum.

The correct answer is- 'No improvement'

Key Points

• There is 'No improvement' in the given sentence.
• Notice the use of by now, it means that from the past till the current moment. So the use of 'had been' is correct here.

The correct sentence is- By now that garden had been reduced to an insignificant muddy patch.

The correct answer is- 'Ember'

Key Points

• The word 'Ember' is a noun and it means 'a piece of wood or coal, etc. that continues to burn after a fire has no more flames'
• Example: We sat by the glowing/dying embers of the fire.

Hence option 4 is the most appropriate answer here.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Provincialism'

Key Points

• 'Provincialism' is an adjective and it means 'ideas and behavior that are typical of places outside a country's capital city, and so may be seen as old-fashioned or simple'
• Example: Narrow provincialism marks some younger officials.

Hence the correct word is- Provincialism

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'A weakness or vulnerable point'

Key Points

• 'Achilles' heel' is an idiom and it means 'a small problem or weakness in a person or system that can result in failure'
• Example: Maths has always been my Achilles heel.

Hence the option 2 is giving the correct meaning of the given idiom Achilles' heel.

The correct answer is- 'Do the thing that is the easiest or least likely to cause trouble in a particular situation'

Key Points

• 'Choose a soft option' is an idiom and it means 'you do the thing that is easiest or least likely to cause trouble in a particular situation.'
• Example: The soft option is simply to say nothing for the moment.

Hence the option 3 is giving the correct meaning of the given idiom Choose a soft option

In a constant balancing - clearly a noun must fill in the blank. Rule out 2) and 3).

The phrase balancing act = a situation in which a person tries to give care and attention to two or more activities at the same time. It fits in the context of the sentence. Option 1) Act is the correct.

The correct answer is also. 

Key Points

• The sentence aims to tell how in addition to the problem teachers face generally,

• Indian teachers face more problems being stuck in tremendous changes.

• Thus the correct word that gives the meaning of in addition to is also.

• Thus the correct answer is also.

• The option too might look like a correct or similar option.

• While the word too means the same, it is used at the end of a sentence.

• Here the word used is in the middle of the sentence hence the most appropriate choice is also.

Impact is pronounced with a vowel sound and is singular => use 3) an.

Adjust something. Clearly, a noun must fill the blank. Rule out 1) and 2). The way they think = 4) thinking makes more sense than thought. Option 4) is the correct answer.

Distance: noun. Hence, an adjective  should fill the blank. Option 2) psychological is the correct answer.

The correct answer is- 'Millennium'

Key Points

• 'Millennium' is a 'noun' and it means 'a period of 1,000 years or the time when a period of 1,000 years ends'
• Example: The corpse had lain preserved in the soil for almost two millennia.

Here, the correct spelling is- Millenniumm

The correct answer is- 'Their uncle told the children to run away'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in DIrect speech and is an Imperative statement.
• While converting from direct to indirect speech, we make the following changes:
• Quotation marks are omitted and the sentence ends with a full stop.
• The tense of the verb, in the reported speech involving any order, request and instruction does not undergo any change during the conversion from direct to indirect mode. This is also true if the statement is a universal truth.
• If the reporting verb is in the present tense, it does not undergo any change.
• We add the word 'to' before the verb if the verb is in the bare infinitive.
• When the reporting or principal verb is in the present tense, all present tenses of the direct are changed into the corresponding past tenses.
• Words expressing nearness in time or place are generally converted into into words expressing distance. For eg. now becomes then, today becomes that day, yesterday becomes the previous day, this becomes that etc.
• In reporting commands and requests, the verb expressing command or request  is added and the imperative is changed into the infinitive.
• In reporting questions the verbs like asked inquired are added
• In reporting exclamations and wishes, the verbs expressing exclamation or wish are added.
• When we convert a sentence from the direct to the indirect mode(especially for a sentence ending with a mark of interrogation), we reverse the subject-verb placement. In direct sentences, we have the verb before the subject; while in indirect, the verb follows the subject.

   Following the rules, the correct sentence that we get is- Their uncle told the children to run away.

The correct answer is- 'You and she were seen by her'

Key Points

• In the given question the sentence 'She saw you and her' is in 'Active voice' which is in the past indefinite and we know that after converted this sentence into 'Passive voice' the tense will same which also should in past indefinite.
• Past indefinite:
• Sub + V2 + object (Active)
• Object + was/were + V3 + by + subject (Passive)
• Example:
• Reema cleaned the floor (Active)
• ​The floor was cleaned by Reema (Passive)

Hence the correct answer is- You and she were seen by her.

The correct answer is- 'PRQ'

Key Points

• In the sentences P (ancient institutions were to) and R (be the corner stones of a). A sentence cannot end with 'were to' or 'of a'. Thus, Q has to be last.
• Hence option 2 is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct sentence is- During the restoration, ancient institutions were to be the corner stones of a changing but traditional society.

The correct answer is- 'Dry'

Key Points

• 'Clammy' is an adjective and it means 'sticky and slightly wet in an unpleasant way' so the opposite word of 'Clammy' is 'Dry'.
• Example: My hands felt all clammy.

Hence the correct opposite word is Dry.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is- 'Surrender'

Key Points

• 'Usurp' is a verb and it means 'to take control of a position of power, especially without having the right to' so the opposite word of 'Usurp' is 'Surrender'.
• Example: Local control is being usurped by the central government.

Hence the correct opposite word is Usurp.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Emotional'

Key Points

• 'Poignant' is an adjective and it means 'causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness' so that the similar word of 'Poignant' is 'Emotional'.
• Example: The photograph awakens poignant memories of happier days.

Hence the correct similar word is Emotional.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Brief'

Key Points

• 'Terse' is an adjective and it means 'using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly' so the similar word of 'Terse' is 'Brief'.
• Example: He issued a terse statement.

Hence the correct similar word is Brief.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'imagining'

Key Points

• Using 'imagining' in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• The words 'Understand' means 'something you do with your mind'. You can't actually get a world without faith just so you can understand the importance of faith. You can just 'imagine' it in your mind.

The correct sentence is- One can understand the importance of faith by imagining a world without faith.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'for'

Key Points

• Using 'for' in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• You get ready 'for' a function. It is the norm to use 'for' along with ready. Hence Option 1 'for' is the correct answer here.

The correct sentence is- He was not ready for the promotion.

The correct answer is- 'error lies in the part-2'

Key Points

• Using 'has generated' in the place of 'has been generated' to make the sentence errorless.
• The need is the reason why formal nomenclatural systems were generated. Use has generated, not has been generated. The latter suggests a meaning that the scientific need has been generated.

The correct sentence is- The scientific need for simple, stable and internationally accepted systems for naming objects of the natural world has generated many formal nomenclatural systems.

The correct sentence is- 'No error'

Key Points 

• There is no error in the given sentence.
• 'Till' is often used in informal spoken English as a short form of until. Some people also use 'till'.
• Until indicates when something will happen, begin, or end. Till means the same thing as until. Till is not an abbreviation of until—it's actually older than until—and it should not be written with an apostrophe.
• Example: In the same year Rainer became curator of the Academy of Sciences, a position which he filled till his death.

The correct sentence is- I was a pilot here till a month ago.

Ship sails in water. Similarly, Truck runs on Road. Hence, Tuck : Road is the correct answer.

In 45 : 60,

45 + 15 = 60

Only option which follow this logic is 55 : 70 i.e.

55 + 15 = 70

Hence, “55 : 70” is the correct answer.

In MCG : NDH,

The option which follow the same logic is IOT : JPU

Hence, “JPU” is the correct answer.

Evaporation is a process where state of water changes from liquid to gaseous.

Whereas water , Steam, and Ice are forms of water.

Hence, evaporation is the odd word among the given alternatives.

29 + 5 = 34

32 + 5 = 37

34 + 5 = 39

24 + 5 = 29 ≠ 28

Here in option 4^th it should be 29 in place of 28.

Hence, “24 – 28” is odd one among the given alternatives.

The pattern followed is:

1. BDF

2. LNP

3. TVX

4. JLP

Hence, JLP is the odd letter/letters from the given alternatives.

On arranging word as per dictionary order,

1. Wag

2. Wake

3. Walker

4. Wan

5. Want

Hence, “45312” is the correct answer.

This series is combination of two series which are placed alternately,

Series I : 9, 13, 17, ?

9 + 4 = 13

13 + 4 = 17

17 + 4 = 21

Series II : 16, 12, 8, ?

16 – 4 = 12

12 – 4 = 8

8 – 4 = 4

Hence, 21, 4 is the correct answer.

Hence, “OU” is the correct answer.

1. The present age of Rohan is 98 years and the present age of Vikas is 3/7 of the present age of Rohan

Vikas age = 3/7 (98)

= 42 years

2. The present age of Vikas and Raman are in the ratio of 6 : 5

6x = 42

X = 7

Therefore Raman present age will be 5x = 5 × 7 = 35 years.

Vikas : Raman age after some years will be 7 : 6

Vikas : Raman = 42 : 35

42 + x / 35 + x = 7 / 6

X = 7.

Hence after 7 years, the ratio of Vikas and Raman will be in ratio 7 : 6.

1. Gang → Headstrong, word cannot be formed as there is only one G in Headstrong.

2. Head → Headstrong

3. Sead → Headstrong

4. Strong → Headstrong

Hence, “Gang” is the word which cannot be formed from the giver word Headstrong.

“LATIN” is written as “ODWLQ”

Similarly for ROUTE,

Hence, ROUTE is written as “URXWH”.

Given expression: 13 + 8 × 2 ÷ 25 – 10

After changing the symbols: 13 - 8 + 2 × 25 ÷ 10

= 13 - 8 + 2 × 2.5

= 13 – 8 + 5

= 18 - 8

= 10

Hence, 10 is the correct answer.

Given expression: 26 - 2 × 30 ÷ 6 + 16 = 20

1. ÷ and × → 26 - 2 ÷ 30 × 6 + 16 ≠ 20

2. - and + → 26 + 2 × 30 ÷ 6 – 16 = 20

26 + 2 × 30 ÷ 6 - 16

= 26 + 2 × 5 - 16

= 10 + 10 = 20

3. × and - → 26 × 2 - 30 ÷ 6 + 16 ≠ 20

4. ÷ and - → 26 ÷ 2 × 30 - 6 + 16 ≠ 20

3!5 = 30 → (3 × 5) × 2 = 30

6!1 = 12 → (6 × 1) × 2 = 12

5!8 = 80 → (5 × 8) × 2 = 80

2!2 → (2 × 2) × 2 = 8

Hence, 8 is the correct answer.

Here the X is replaced by Y in every next term from right to left.

Hence, the bus is in 5 km South direction from the starting point.

Statement I: All cards are labels

Statement II: No posters are labels

Conclusion I: No cards are posters → True

Conclusion II: Some posters are cards → False ( No posters are labels and All cards are labels)

Hence, Only Conclusion I follows.

1. Rectangle represents Web designers

2. Circle represents Bloggers

3. Triangle represents Photographers

4. Square represents Cricketers

Letters represents Web designers who are Cricketers i.e. Rectangle which is Square which is I and B.

Hence, “IB” is the correct answer.

Hence, “DNW” is the correct answer.

2 + 3 = 5

5 + 4 = 9

9 + 5 = 14

14 + 6 = 20

20 + 7 = 27

Hence, “27” is the correct answer.

1. (3, 12, 14) → 3 × 4 = 12 ; 3 × 3 + 1 = 10

2. (4, 16, 13) → 4 × 4 = 16 ; 4 × 3 + 1 = 13

3. (6, 24, 19) → 6 × 4 = 24 ; 6 × 3 + 1 = 19

4. (5, 20, 16) → 5 × 4 = 20 ; 5 × 3 + 1 = 16

Hence, (3, 12, 14) is the odd one out from the given alternatives

Image is flipped horizontally.

Hence option 4 is the correct answer.

From the figure we can conclude:

1. The face of the dice having star is opposite to that of four square.

2. The face of the dice having Dot is opposite to that of circle.

3. The face of the dice having + is opposite to that of square inscribed in a circle.

In the above figure, the top surface of the cube is adjecent to the side square inscribed in a circle, which is not possibe. Hence, the above figure cannot be formed.

1. 23,69,13,87 → G V C P

2. 21,33,89,24 → F A R M

3. 20,97,12,65 → H X G Y

4. 14,79,32,65 → M X B Y

Hence, “21,33,89,24” is the correct answer.

Given,

⇒ 216^(2/3) + 36^(1/2) = (6³)^(2/3) + (6²)^(1/2)

By using the law, (a^m)ⁿ = a^{(m × n)} we get,

∴ (6³)^(2/3) + (6²)^(1/2) = 6^{{3 × (2/3)}} + 6^{{2 × (1/2)}} = 6² + 6 = 36 + 6 = 42

We know that 20790 can be factorise as,

⇒ 20790 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11

So, 20790 has 7 prime factor

$p = \sqrt {72 - \sqrt {72 - \sqrt {72 - \sqrt {72 - \ldots \infty } } } }$

$\Rightarrow ;p; = ;\sqrt {72 - p}$

Squaring both sides we get,

⇒ p² = 72 – p

⇒ p² + p – 72 = 0

⇒ p² – 8p + 9p – 72 = 0

⇒ p(p – 8) + 9(p – 8) = 0

⇒ (p – 8)(p + 9) = 0

⇒ p = 8 (∵ p cannot be negative)

Now,

∴ the value of 2p² + 1 = 2(8)² + 1 = 129

We know that,

(x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2(xy + yz + zx)

Now, substituting the value we have,

⇒ 6² = x² + y² + z² + 2(10)

⇒ 36 = x² + y² + z² + 20

⇒ x² + y² + z² = 16

We know that,

a³ + b³ + c³ = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² – ab – bc – ac) + 3abc

So,

⇒ x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz = (x + y + z){x² + y² + z² – (xy + yz + zx)}

Now, substituting the values we have,

⇒ x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz = 6 × (16 – 10) = 6 × 6 = 36

Calculation:

As (6, 8, 10) is a pythagorean triplet so triangle ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled at B

Area of triangle ABC = (1/2) × base × height = 1/2 × 6 × 8 = 24 cm²

Now, point D bisects AB.

⇒ DB = (1/2) × AB = 1/2 × 8 = 4 cm

Also, triangle DBC is a right angle triangle, right angle at B Area of triangle DBC = (1/2) × base × height = 1/2 × 6 × 4 = 12 cm²

∴ Required ratio = area of triangle DBC ∶ area of triangle ABC = 12 ∶ 24 = 1 ∶ 2

Given:

Area of triangle ABC = 46 unit²  and AD is median

Concept used:

The media divides the triangle into two triangles of equal area

Calculation:

Area of triangle ABD = 1/2 × area of triangle ABC = 1/2 × 46 = 23 unit²

∴ The correct answer is 23 unit2

Calculation:

Let the maximum marks be a

Difference in marks = 45

According to the question,

Difference in marks = 15% of maximum marks

⇒ 45 = 15% of a

⇒ 45 = 15a/100

∴ a = 300

Given:

P ∶ Q ∶ R = 6 ∶ 7 ∶ 8, and  R ∶ S = 3 ∶ 5

Calculation:

We have to equal unit of R in both the ratio 

P ∶ Q ∶ R = 6 ∶ 7 ∶ 8 [ multiply by 3, we get ] 

P ∶ Q ∶ R = 18 ∶ 21 ∶ 24

Similarly R ∶ S = 3 ∶ 5 [ multiply by 8 we get ]

R : S = 24 : 40

Now,

⇒ P ∶ Q ∶ R ∶ S = 18 ∶ 21 ∶ 24 ∶ 40

∴ P ∶ S = 18 ∶ 40 = 9 ∶ 20

Calculation:

Let the ratio of mixing be a ∶ b

According to the question,

11% of a + 25% of b = 13% of (a + b)

⇒ 11a + 25b = 13a + 13b

⇒ 12b = 2a

⇒ a/b = 12/2 = 6/1

∴ Required ratio = 6 ∶ 1

Concept used:

Average = Sum of numbers/Total numbers

Calculation:

Sum of numbers= 90 + 250 + 240 + 204 + 616 = 1400

Now,

∴ Average = Sum of numbers/5 = 1400/5 = 280

Given:

Time of investment = 2 years 6 months = 2.5 years

Concept used:

Simple interest = (Principle × time × rate)/100 = (a × 2.5 × r)/100 = ar/40 

Here, Principal = a and rate = r

Calculation:

According to the question,

Amount = (13/10) × Sum of money invested

⇒ (a.r/40) + a = (13/10) × a

⇒ (r + 40)/40 = 13/10

⇒ r + 40 = 52

∴ r = 12%

GIVEN:

Ratio of CP : SP = 5 : 3

FORMULA USED:

Loss % = (Loss/CP) × 100 

CALCULATION:

Let the cost price be 5x and selling price be 3x

⇒ Loss = 5x – 3x = 2x

∴ Loss percentage = (Loss/Cost price) × 100 = (2x/5x) × 100 = 40%

I. Two successive discounts of 30% and 20%

For successive discount of a% and b%,

Total discount = a + b – (ab/100)

Now, Total discount = 30 + 20 – {(30 × 20)/100} = 50 – 6 = 44%

II. Buy 4 get 7

Let marked price of one item be Rs. 100

⇒ Marked price of 7 items = Rs. 700

⇒ Amount actually paid = Marked price of 4 item = Rs. 400

⇒ Discount = Rs. (700 – 400) = Rs. 300

⇒ Discount % = (Discount/Total marked price) × 100 = (300/700) × 100 = 42.85%

III. Buy 4 get 3 free

Buy 4 get 3 free is another way of saying buy 4 get 7

So,

⇒ Discount % = 42.85%

∴ Maximum profit is gained by scheme I

Calculation:

⇒ 4^x = (1024)^(1/7)

⇒ 4^x = 4^(5/7)

On comparing both sides,

∴ x = 5/7

Calculation:

Efficiency of 12 men = Efficiency of 30 boys

⇒ Efficiency of 2 men = Efficiency of 5 boys

⇒ Efficiency of 48 men = Efficiency of 120 boys

Now, we have of find out time taken by 48 men and 24 boys to complete the work or 144(120 + 24) boys to complete the works

Now,

Total work = time taken × number of workers = 72 × 30 = 2160

⇒ Time taken by 144 boys to complete the work = Total work/no. of workers = 2160/144 = 15 days

∴ 48 men and 24 boys take 15 days to complete the work

Given:

Time taken by train = from 10:00 am to 5:30pm = 7hr 30 min = 7.5 hrs

Speed of train = 50 km/hr

Concept used:

Distance = speed × time

Calculation:

Distance covered by train = 50 × 7.5 = 375 km

∴ The correct answer is 375 km

According to the graph, the highest sale was of brand D with 400 thousands rupees while second highest was of brand A with 360 thousand rupees

Sale of brand G = 160000

Sale of brand A = 360000

∴ Required ratio = 160000 ∶ 360000 = 4 ∶ 9

Sale of brand D = 400000

Sale of brand B = 100000

Difference = 400000 – 100000 = 300000

∴ Required percentage = (300000/100000) × 100 = 300%

Total sale of all 7 brands (in thousands) = 360 + 100 + 340 + 400 + 140 + 100 + 160 = 1600

∴ Tax to be paid = 18% of 1600000 = 288000

Concept used:

Area of square = a², and Perimeter of square = 4 × a, where side of square be a cm

Calculation:

According to the question

⇒ 42.25 = a²

⇒ a = 6.5

Now,

∴ Perimeter = 4a = 4 × 6.5 = 26 cm

Concept used:

Perimeter of semicircle = πr + 2r, where r = radius

Calculation:

According to the question,

⇒ 72 = (π + 2)r

⇒ 72 = {(22/7) + 2}r

⇒ 72 = (36/7)r

⇒ r = 14 cm

Now,

∴ Area = 1/2 × π × r² = 1/2 × (22/7) × (14)² = 308 cm²

Concept used:

Volume of cube = side³ = a³,  the side of cube be 'a' cm

Calculation:

According to the question,

a³ = 274.625

⇒ a = 6.5

∴ The side of the cube is 6.5 cm

Given:

∠Y = 90° and ∠X = 45°

Concept used:

• Sum of three angles of a triangle is 180° 

• cosec 45° = √2

Calculation:

By angle sum property of triangle

⇒ ∠Z = 180° – (∠X + ∠Y) = 180° – (90° + 45°) = 45°

Now,

cosec Z + (√3/2)

⇒ cosec 45° + (√3/2) 

⇒ √2 + (√3/2)

⇒ (2√2 + √3)/2

∴ The correct answer is (2√2 + √3)/2

Sin X = 4/5

Sin X = perpendicular/hypotenuse = 4/5

So, Perpendicular = 4k and Hypotenuse = 5k

Now, if we are taking angle Z

base = perpendicular for angle X = 4k

Hypotenuse = 5k

∴ Cos Z = 4k/5k = 4/5

A growing country is one with rising GNP at constant prices.

• GNP stands for - Gross national product.
• It is the market value of all the services and goods produced per year by property and labor provided by the residents of a country- both within the geographical boundaries and outside.
• GNP = Money value of everything produced within the country + Incoming money from outside - Outgoing money to abroad

Or simply put it,

Here, GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product, which is the money value of products and services produced within the country during a specified period of time.

The per capita income in India was Rs. 20 in 1867-68, was ascertained for the first time by DadabhaiNaoroji.

• The average income earned per person in a particular area in a specific year is called as Per Capita Income.
• It is found by dividing the total income of an area by its total population.

Nedeon was not related to Sangam State Chera.

• Sangam period (from 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD) is the phase of history which existed in ancient Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
• Udiyanjeral (or UthiyanCheralatan) was the first recorded Chera ruler of the Sangam period in ancient South India.
• He was succeeded by his son, NedumCheralathan, or NedunjeralAthan
• Nedunjaral, or Nedum, born to Udiyanjeral, was a powerful ruler who ruled the kingdom for 58 years as a Crown Prince first and then as an absolute king.
• The Cherasruled over an area including north Travancore, Cochin and South Malabar.
• The Chera Capital was located at Vanji.

Bijapur was not included in the empire of Akbar.

• Bijapur was annexed by Aurangzeb in 1686 but their control of the region began to weaken after Aurangzeb’s death in 1707. Maratha Empire further weakened the Mughals and their Nawabs in the region through massive onslaughts and raids. Eventually, Bijapur and much of the Deccan was no longer under the control of Mughal by 1753.

The Earth's Perihelion position occurs in the month of January.

Important Points

• Perihelion is a point in the orbit of a planet at which the planet is closest to the sun. Around 3^rd January, the earth is nearest to the sun.
• During the earth’s revolution around the sun, the earth is farthest from the sun around 4^th July. This position of the earth is called aphelion. ​

Key Points

• The solar output received at the top of the atmosphere varies slightly in a year due to the variations in the distance between the earth and the sun.
• During its revolution around the sun, the earth is farthest from the sun on July 4. (Aphelion)
• During Aphelion earth will be 152 million km away from the sun.
• On January 3, the earth is nearest to the sun (147 million km) and this position is called  Perihelion.
• The annual insolation received by the earth on January 3 is slightly more than the amount received on July 4.
• Since the effect of this variation is masked by other factors like the distribution of land and sea and atmospheric circulation, this variation in the solar output does not have a great effect on daily weather changes on the surface of the earth.

The McMahon Line, which sets the boundary between India and China, is drawn to the northern boundary of Arunachal Pradesh.

• The McMahon Line is the effective borderline between the North-east region of Indiaand Tibetan region of China.
• It separates Arunachal Pradesh from Tibet.
• It was named after Sir Henry McMahon, the then foreign secretary of British India, who was also the chief negotiator at the 1914 Simla Convention.
• The McMahon line extends for 890 km from Bhutan in the West to 260 km east of the great bend of the Brahmaputra in the east along the crest of the Himalayas.

Haridas was the Guru of the music maestro Tansen.

• Tansen, also known as Ramtanu, was among the Navaratnas (nine jewels) in the Mughal Emperor Akbar’s Court.
• He was a great musician and the most influential personality in Hindustani Classical music.
• He wrote two classic books on music Sri Ganesh Stotra and Sangita Sara.

A joint military exercise named ‘SAMPRITI’ was held in November 2017 between Bangladesh and India at Mizoram.

• SAMPRITI is a bilateral defence cooperation endeavor between India and Bangladesh.
• The joint military exercise had two distinct components which included Command Post Exercise (CPX) and Field Training Exercise (FTX).
• The CPX focused on the planning of counter-terrorist operations whereas FTX focused on company/platoon level tactical drills.
• The closing ceremony was held at Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, Vairengte in Mizoram.

S.V. Sunil has been awarded the Arjuna award 2017 for his contribution to hockey.

• Somwarpet Vittalacharya Sunil is an Indian professional field hockey player.
• Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by the Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports.
• It carries a cash prize of ₹ 500,000, a bronze statue of Arjuna and a scroll.
• They are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.

Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia.

• Myanmar (part of Mainland Southeast Asia), formerly known as Burma, is the second largest country in South-East Asia.
• It shares border with Bangladesh, India, China, Laos, and Thailand.
• Myanmar is also known as “The Golden Land” to visitors because of its glittering pagodas everywhere.

·       The largest country in Southeast Asia is Indonesia (part of Maritime Southeast Asia)

• Southeast Asia is geographically divided into two sub-regions, known as Mainland Southeast Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia.

All I, II and III

• Synthetic fibres are also called artificial fibres or man-made fibres.
• They are a chain of small units of chemical substances joined together. When many such single units are combined to form a single unit, it is called as Polymer.
• The synthetic fibre melts after catching fire and the cloth sticks to the body of the person wearing it. It is, thus, a disadvantage of synthetic fibres, e.g. Polyester clothes.
• They are more durable and affordable than the natural fibres, e.g. Plastic.
• They are synthesized from raw materials of petroleum origin, called petrochemicals.

Coke, Coal tar,and Coal gas can be obtained from coal processing.

• These products are obtained when coal is processed by heating in the absence of air.
• Coal gas is a mixture of hydrogen, methane and some amount of carbon dioxide and it is used as a fuel in fuel industries.
• Coal tar is made up about 200 carbon compounds and its products are used to make drugs, synthetic fibres, etc.
• Coke is 98% carbon which is mostly used as a reducing agent during extraction of metals.

Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, a citizen can move to the Supreme Court of India if his Fundamental Rights are breached.

• Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32 (i) of our Constitution empowers the citizens to move to the Supreme Court in case they feel they are unduly deprived of their Fundamental Rights.
• Dr. B R Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Constitution of India, considered “Right to Constitutional Remedies” to be the ‘heart and soul’ of the Indian Constitution.

The members of municipalities are elected for a period of Five years.

• 74^th Amendment Act of 1992 added a new Part IX-A to the Constitution of India, entitled as ‘The Municipalities’.
• It consists of provisions from Article 243-P to 243-ZG.
• This Act provides for a five-year term of office for every municipality.
• All the members of the municipality are elected directly by the people of that municipal area (wards).
• The State Election Commission is responsible for the preparation and conduct of all elections to the municipalities.

EXPLANATION:

• A Mushroom is NOT an example of an organism that takes in whole food material and breaks it down inside its body.
• The process by which living organisms (except green plants) obtain their food from different sources is known as the heterotrophic mode of nutrition. These organisms are called heterotrophs.
• These organisms have different modes of obtaining their food.

For example:

• If the food source is fixed, like grasses: cows, buffalo, goats, etc. graze on grasses
• If the food source is mobile or movable, like deer: lions, tigers, etc. have to hunt and run to catch their prey to feed themselves.
• If Food is broken outside the body for consumption, like decaying organic food: the organisms breakdown the complex food outside and then intake it. Eg. Rhizopus, Yeast, Mushroom, etc.
• If Food is taken as a whole and broken inside the body: the organism takes whole complex food inside its body and breaks it down into simple food material by the process of digestion. [This is also known as Holozoic nutrition] Eg. Amoeba, frog, fish, snake, lizard, cat, dog, man, etc.

EXPLANATION:

• Two versions of each trait will be there in each child as per the rules for the inheritance of traits.
• The process by which the offspring acquire traits from their parents is called Inheritance.
• The fundamental rules of Inheritance were given by Gregor Mendel in 1865.
• According to Mendel's theory, a gene could have several types, known as alleles. For example, the gene for height in pea plants would have two types, tall and short. Also, each individual would have two copies of a given gene, since one would be inherited, at random, from each parent.
• His results suggested that if the two copies were of different types then in such cases only one type would be expressed biologically i.e. the effects of only one would be observed in the individual's physical characteristics, while the other would remain hidden. The former type is the dominant allele, and the latter is known as the recessive allele.

In July 2017, the Government of India has increased the investment limit per fiscal year of ‘Sovereign Gold Bonds Scheme’ to 4 kg for individuals.

• This scheme was notified by the Indian government on November 05, 2015.
• Sovereign Gold Bonds are securities given by the government and are denominated in grams of gold.
• They work as an alternative to purchasing physical gold.

The first flight of SARAS PT1N, the new upgraded version of indigenous developed transport aircraft SARAS, took off from Bengaluru.

• SARAS PT1N is a new upgraded version of SARAS (an indigenous transport aircraft).
• It isa 14-seater passenger aircraft developed by CSIR-National Aeronautics Laboratory.
• The plane is capable of performing both day and night missions.
• It can also be used for transporting civilians, freight, and in remote sensing exercises.
• SARAS PT1N was designed to operate at high altitudes and under extreme temperatures.

In April 2017, the announcement was made to change the Base year for GDP Calculation. The new Base year will be 2017-18

• The Central Statistics Office (CSO), under Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI),coordinates the statistical activities in the country and revises the base year of macroeconomic indicators, as regular exercise, so as to capture structural changes in the economy and improve quality and representativeness of indices.
• CSO had last updated base year for GDP calculation replacing an old series base year of 2004-05 to 2011-12 from January 2015.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the final value of all the goods and services produced within the boundaries of a country in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

On 10 April 2017, Lok Sabha passed Constitution (123^rd Amendment) Bill, 2017. The Bill seeks to insert a new article 342-A which empowers the President to notify the list of socially and educationally backward classes of that state/union territory.

• The Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha by Mr. Thaawar Chand Gehlot, Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment, on April 5, 2017.
• According to the new Article 342-A, the Parliament, by making a law, can include or exclude the classes from the Central list of backward classes.
• In case of a state, the President, after consultation with the Governor, will make such notification.
• The Bill also seeks to insert a new article 338B in the constitution. This Article provides for the National Commission for Backward Classes, NCBC**.** The commission will have a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson,and three other members. The main task of this commission will be to hear the grievances of socially and educationally backward classes.

Acceleration = ( final velocity – initial velocity) ÷ time taken

Here, final velocity = 20 m/s and initial velocity = 10m/s and time = 5 seconds

Therefore, acceleration = (20 – 10) ÷ 5

= 2 m/s².

Now,

Force = Mass × Acceleration

Here, force = 3 × 2

 = 6 N.

The shortest distance measured from the initial to the final position of an object is known as the Displacement.

It is a vector quantityand has both direction and magnitude.

Displacement can be positive, negative, and zero.

It does not depend on the path of the body but on its initial and final position.

Displacement, S = velocity × time.

= $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{\rm{v}} + {\rm{u}}} \right){\rm{t;}}$

= $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{\rm{u}} + {\rm{at}} + {\rm{u}}} \right){\rm{t}}$       [${\rm{;v}} = {\rm{u}} + {\rm{at}}$]

Here,

u = Initial velocity

v = final velocity

a = acceleration

t = time taken.

The weather reports are prepared by the Meteorological Department of the Government.

• Meteorology is the study of the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, mainly as a means of weather forecasting.
• The department which takes care of these is called the meteorological department.
• The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is headquartered in Delhi
• It operates many observation stations across India and Antarctica.
• Its Regional offices are at Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, and Kolkata.

Roger Federer won the Tennis 2017 Miami Open Men's Singles.

• Roger Federer is a Swiss professional tennis player.
• He has won the 2017 Men’s Singles Miami Open Tennis Tournament by defeating Rafael Nadal by 6-3, 6-4 in the final.
• The match was played at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, United States.