SSC CHSL Previous Paper 33 (Held On: 19 March 2018 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is- 'annotate'

Key Points

• 'annotate' is a verb and it means 'to add a short explanation or opinion to a text or drawing'
• Example: Annotated editions of Shakespeare's plays help readers to understand old words.

Here, the correct spelling is- annotate

The correct answer is- 'ACB' 

Key Points

• AND = used to list two similar things together. Clearly, ethics and values go together. A is first => rule out 3) and 4).
• A (values that have the inherent) ends with inherent (existing as a natural or basic part of something) and is an adjective. Clearly, it must be followed by a noun and C qualifies with potential. C must follow A.
• Hence option 2 is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct sentence is- It is ethics and values that have the inherent potential to transform the spirit of motivation into inspiration.

The correct answer is- 'has always intrigued'

Key Points

• Using 'has always intrigued' in the place of 'has always intrigue' to make the sentence correct.
• We know that the sentence is in the present perfect so that 3rd form of the main verb will be followed after the helping verb. Replace 'intrigued' instead of 'intrigue'.
• Structure of Presente Perfect: Sub + has/have + V₃ + object
• Example: He has gone to the market.

The correct sentence is- The technical aspect of English that deals with ironies has always intrigued my inquisitive mind.

The correct answer is- 'had become'

Key Points

• Using 'had become' in the place of 'had becoming' to make the sentence correct.
• We know that the sentence is in the past perfect so that 3rd form of the main verb will be followed after the helping verb. Replace 'become' instead of 'becoming'.
• Structure of Past Perfect: Sub + had + V3 + object
• Example: She had met him before the party.

The correct sentence is- The realisation came when we noticed that our children had become too dependent on us.

The correct answer is- 'Avidity'

Key Points

• The word 'Avidity' is a noun and it means 'the quality of being extremely eager or interested'
• Example: He studied Indian history with avidity.

Henc the option 3 is the most appropriate answer here.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Muffle'

Key Points

• The word 'Muffle' is a verb and it means 'to make a sound quieter and less clear'
• Example: The house has double-glazed windows to muffle the noise of aircraft.

Hence option 2 is the most appropriate answer here.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Very common and of no particular value.'

Key Points

• 'A dime a dozen' is an idiom and it means 'So plentiful as to be valueless'. 
• Example: Don't bother to buy one of these—they're a dime a dozen.

Hence option 4 is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct answer is- 'A period of difficulty.'

Key Points

• 'A bad patch' is an idiom and it means 'If you have or go through a bad patch or a rough patch, you have a lot of problems for a time.'
• Example: I'm going through a very bad patch just now.

Hence option 3 is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct answer is- 'differ'

Key Points

• Using 'differ' is in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• We know that 'To' is followed by the first form of the verb. so that we can say option 1 is the most appropriate answere here.
• 'I beg to differ' is the phrasal verb and it means 'a way of saying "I do not agree" that is polite, but may sound unfriendly'

The correct sentenec is- and tell no one. I beg to differ.

The correct sentence is- 'minute'

Key Points

• Using 'minute' in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• In the given sentence we can say we are talking about the details which are very specific. 'minute' details. means 'extremely small, as in size, amount, extent, or degree'
• In the other options given that is the unit of time. 'minute' is also the unit of time but here the meaning of 'minute' is absolutely different.
• Example: The battles of the Second World War have been pored over in minute detail.

The correct sentence is- and filled with minute details of the author’s

The correct answer is- 'behind'

Key Points

• Using 'behind' is in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• In the sentence, we can observe that The sentence aims to say that by not taking our phone and watch... '**To leave behind '**is the phrasal verb and it means 'If you leave someone or something behind, you go away permanently from them.'
• Example: He decided he must take his family with him as it was too dangerous to leave them behind.

The correct sentence is- watch and phone behind and going into

The correct answer is- 'connectivity'

Key Points

• Using 'connectivity' is in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• In the given sentence we can easily find out that we are talking about the 'connectivity' of the internet. Other options are not suitable according to the context of the paragraph.
• We need a 'noun' and in the other option, we don't have it.

The correct sentence is- How no internet connectivity is what you need to

The correct answer is- 'or'

Key Points

• Using 'or' is in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• If we read the paragraph we can find that 'or' is the best option according to the next context of the paragraph. 'some off-the-track trek' or 'to an unknown destination' or 'simply into the wild' all are connected with 'or'.
• 'Or' is a conjunction that connects two or more possibilities or alternatives. It connects words, phrases, and clauses which are the same grammatical type.
• Example: I don't like either the one or the other

The correct sentence is- road less travelled or some off-the-track trek

The correct answer is- 'Appearance'

Key Points

• 'Appearance' is a noun and it means 'an occasion when someone appears in public'
• Example: She will be making a public appearance, signing copies of her latest novel.

Here, the correct spelling is- Appearance

The correct answer is- 'He said that he was hungry.'

Key Points

• The reported verb is in the simple present tense (I am). Thus, in the indirect speech, we will have simple past tense. I => he.
• Hence option 4 is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct Indirect specch is- He said that he was hungry.

Important Points

• Note that you cannot change the reporting verb (said) and that is why, 2) is wrong.

The given sentence is in the past tense (opened). Thus, the passive voice will be of the form was/were + past participle of open = opened + by. Thus, Option 3) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is- 'QPR'

Key Points

• 'And' is used to list together things that are alike. Clearly, intellectual stimulus, education leadership = alike things. Thus, R (and educational leadership) must immediately follow P. Rule out 1) and 2).
• hence option QRP is the most appropriate answer here.

The correct sentence is- Cities have always provided intellectual stimulus and educational leadership.

The correct answer is- 'Disclaim'

Key Points

• 'Adjure' is a verb and it means 'to ask or order someone to do something' so that the opposite word of 'Adjure' is 'Disclaim'. It is the most suitable option here. 
• Example: The judge adjured him to answer truthfully.
• ​Disclaim' is . to deny or repudiate interest in or connection with; disavow; disown
• We disclaim all responsibility for this disaster.

Hence option 4 is the most appropriate answer here.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Preserve'

Key Points

• 'Decimate' is a verb and it means 'to kill a large number of something, or to reduce something severely' so that the opposite word of 'Decimate' is 'Preserve'. It is the most suitable option here. 
• Example: Populations of endangered animals have been decimated.

Hence option 1 is the most appropriate answer here

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Derogatory'

Key Points

• 'Pejorative' is an adjective and it means 'expressing disapproval, or suggesting that something is not good or is of no importance' so that the similar word of 'Pejorative' is 'Derogatory'. It is the most suitable option here. 
• Example: Make sure students realize that fat is a pejorative word.
• ​Derogatory- Expressing a low opinion of someone or something showing a lack of respect for someone or something.
• Example-  He refused to withdraw derogatory remarks made about his boss.

Hence option 3 is the most appropriate answer here.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'Crude'

Key Points

• 'Barbarous' is an adjective and it means 'extremely cruel or unpleasant, or failing to reach acceptable social standards' so that the similar word of 'Barbarous' is 'Crude'. It is the most suitable option here. 
• Example: His murder was an outrageous and barbarous act.
• The word "crude" can have a few different meanings depending on the context. Here are two common definitions:
• Crude (adjective): Rough or unrefined in nature, lacking sophistication or polish.
  

Example: The artist's early sketches were crude compared to her later masterpieces.

• Crude (adjective): Vulgar or offensive in a way that is considered socially unacceptable.
  

Example: His crude jokes during the dinner party made everyone uncomfortable.

Hence option 3 is the most appropriate answer here.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'emphatically'

Key Points

• Using 'emphatically' in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• The word 'emphatically' is an adverb and it means 'done or said in a strong way and without any doubt'. It is the most appropriate word according to the context of the given sentence.
• Example: The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation.

The correct sentence is- Aryabhatta was the first astronomer to state emphatically that the earth is round and it rotates on its axis.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- 'with'

Key Points

• Using the preposition 'with' in the blank space to make the sentence correct.
• The preposition 'with' is 'used as a function word to indicate a participant in an action, transaction, or arrangement'. It is the best preposition according to the context of the given sentence.
• Example: got into an accident with the car

The correct sentence is- Her trekking was met with obstacles.

The correct answer is- 'error lies in the part-1'

Key Points

• In the given sentence we are talking about the two past events so in this type of sentence the first part will come in a simple past and the second part will come in past perfect. The second part is already in the past perfect so here need to change the first part from the present continuous to simple past.
• Example: Where you had gone when I called you?

The correct sentence is- Some girls took prior permission to sport a loosely tied plait on the days they had washed their hair.

The correct answer is- 'error lies in the part-1'

Key Points

• Using 'happened' in the place of 'happen' makes the sentence errorless.
• In the given sentence we are asking about the activities which are already occurred. so need to use the past tense here. Replace 'happened' instead of 'happen'.

The correct sentence is- What happened at your college today.

Asphalt is the major component in building of roads.

Similarly, metal is a major component in an ore.

Hence, “Ore : Metal” is the correct answer.

In 697 : 976,

1^st digit of the number shifted to the last place.

2^nd digit is shifted to first place.

3^rd digit is shifted to 2^nd place.

Similarly, for 532, it will be 325.

Hence, 325 is the correct answer.

In RTU : SUW,

Similarly for CEF,

Hence DFH is the correct answer.

As, Platinum is a metal, Water is liquid, Iron is solid. Similarly oxygen is a gas, not gas is a oxygen.

Hence it should be Gas – Oxygen not Oxygen – gas.

So, “Oxygen – gas” is odd one from the given option.

1. 27 + 5 = 32

2. 31 + 5 = 36

3. 33 + 5 = 38

4. 23 + 5 = 28≠ 27

Hence, “23 – 27” is the odd pair among the given options.

1. SPMJ

2. XURO

3. NKHE

4. ZWSP

Hence, “ZWSP” is the odd one among the given options.

On arranging word as per dictionary order,

4. Thunderstorm
   

5. Thursday

6. Timber

7. Tinkle

8. Tinned

Hence, “45231” is the correct answer.

17 + 3 = 20

20 + 3 = 23

23 + 3 = 26

26 + 3 = 29

29 + 3 = 32

Hence, “32” is the correct answer.

Hence, “VJ” is the correct answer.

1. Chetan celebrated his sixth birthday 7 years ago

Chetan present age will be = 6 + 7 = 13 years.

2. Baman’s age will be 4 times of the Chetan’s present age after 5 years.

Baman present age + 5 = 4 ( chetan present age)

Baman present age = 4 × 13 - 5 = 52 – 5 = 47 years

Amit age = 2 ( Baman present age)

= 2 × 47

= 94 years

Hence Amit present age is 94 years.

1. Pass → Compassionate

2. Moss → Compassionate

3. Passion → Compassionate

4. Comply → Compassionate, this word cannot be formed as there is no L and Y in the word Compassionate.

Hence “Comply” word cannot be formed from the given word.

In the given code language “RAPID” is written as “GLSDU”

Here the code for Rapid is written in reverse order. i.e. from right to left.

Similarly, for “WATER”

Hence the code for “WATER” will be “UHWDZ”.

Given expression: 18 ÷ 12 - 5 + 30 x 6

After changing the symbols: 18 + 12 × 5 ÷ 30 – 6

= 18 + 2 – 6

= 14

Hence 14 is the correct answer.

Given expression: 20 + 14 ÷ 35 - 10 ×  12 = 10

1. + and × → 20 × 14 ÷ 35 - 10 + 12 = 10

2. • and ÷ → 20 ÷ 14 + 35 - 10 ×  12 ≠ 10
3. • and + → 20 – 14 ÷ 35 + 10 ×  12 ≠ 10

4. ÷ and ×  → 20 + 14 × 35 - 10 ÷ 12 ≠ 10

Hence,+ and × should be interchanged to correct the equation.

Here 16#2 = 16 → (16 × 2) ÷ 2 = 16

12#6 = 36 → ( 12 × 6 ) ÷ 2 = 36

6#1 = 3 → ( 6 × 1) ÷ 2 = 3

4#4 → ( 4 × 4 ) ÷ 2 = 8

Hence , “8” is the correct answer.

Here in every ne× t term the position of C shifted + 2 places in right direction.

Hence, “ABACBABAB” is the correct answer.

She is now 3 km in south direction away from Home.

Statement I**:** All tickets are coupons.

Statement II**:** All cards are tickets.

Conclusion I: Some coupons are cards → True

Conclusion II: Some cards are coupons → True

Hence Both Conclusion I and II follows.

1. Rectangle represents Opticians.

2. Circle represents Illustrators

3. Triangle represents Photographers

4. Square represents Football players

Letters represents Football players who are both Photographers as well as Opticians i.e. Square which is triangle as well as rectangle which is D.

Hence, “D” is the correct answer.

Hence, “BYH” is the correct answer.

6 + 3 = 9

9 + 4 = 13

13 + 5 = 18

18 + 6 = 24

24 + 7 = 31

Hence, 31 is the correct answer.

1. (5, 16, 22) → 5 × 3 + 1 = 16 ; 5 × 4 + 1 = 21

2. (6, 19, 25) → 6 × 3 + 1 = 19 ; 6 × 4 + 1 = 25

3. (4, 13, 17) → 4 × 3 + 1 = 13 ; 4 × 4 + 1 = 17

4. (9, 28, 37) → 9 × 3 + 1 = 28 ; 9 × 4 + 1 = 37

Hence, (5, 16, 22) is odd one out from the above options.

The image is flipped horizontally.

Hence option 2 is the correct answer.

From the figure we can conclude:

1. The face of the dice having dot is opposite to the face having circle.

2. The face of the dice having star is opposite to the face having four squares.

3. The face of the dice having + is opposite to the face having square inscribed in a circle.

In the above figure, the top surface of the cube is adjecent to the side square inscribed in a circle, which is not possibe. Hence, the above figure cannot be formed.

1. 34,68,44,95 → E T G V

2. 43,78,23,59 → B R E W

3. 30,66,42,96 → M U K Q

4. 23,68,22,66 → E T H U

Hence, “43,78,23,59” is the correct answer.

Given:-  

$\sqrt {1 - \left( {\frac{x}{{289}}} \right)} = \left( {\frac{{15}}{{17}}} \right)$ 

Calculation:-  

⇒ $\sqrt {1 - \left( {\frac{x}{{289}}} \right)} = \left( {\frac{{15}}{{17}}} \right)$   

Squaring both sides we get,  

⇒ 1 – (x/289) = 225/289  

⇒ 289 – x = 225 

⇒ x = 64  

∴ The required answer is 64.

Detailed solution:-

As unit digit for a number ending in three and with power follows a cycle of 4

Unit digit of (153)¹⁴⁴ = unit digit of (153)^(144/4) = unit digit of (153)³⁶ = 1

Now,

Unit digit of (115)¹²³ = 5

Unit digit of (111)⁵¹⁰ = 1

Unit digit of (216)²⁵ = 6

∴ Unit digit of (153)¹⁴⁴ – (115)¹²³ – (111)⁵¹⁰ + (216)²⁵

= 1 – 5 – 1 + 6 = 1   

∴ The required answer is 1.

Given:- 

4(x – 1) 9(2y – 8) = 5184

Detailed solution:-

⇒ 4^{(x – 1)} 9^{(2y – 8)} = 5184

⇒ 4^{(x – 1)} 81^{(y – 4)} = 4³ × 81¹

Comparing both sides, we get

x – 1 = 3 and y – 4 = 1

⇒ x = 4 and y = 5

∴ x + y = 4 + 5 = 9  

∴ The required answer is  9.

Given:-

s + (1/s) = 4

Formula used:-

(A + B)² = A² + B² + 2AB

Calculation:- 

⇒ s + (1/s) = 4

Squaring both sides, we get

⇒ s² + (1/s²) + 2 = 16

$∴ {s^2} + \frac{1}{{{s^2}}} = 14$  

∴ The required answer is 14.

Calculation:

The tangent at any point of the circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. 

∠ O P A + ∠ O P Q = 180  ........(1) [Linear pair angle]

Also, ∠ O P A = ∠ O P Q ......(2)  

∴ ∠ O P A + ∠ O P Q = 180   

⇒ 2 × ∠ O P Q = 180  

⇒ ∠ O P Q = 90 

Hence, OP is perpendicular to PQ ⇒ OP is perpendicular to AB.

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

AB/DF = 3.8/7.6 = 1/2

BC/EF = 6/12 = 1/2

AC/ED = 3√3/6√3 = 1/2

As, Ratio of corresponding sides of both triangles are equal so, triangle ABC and DFE are similar and hence corresponding angle will be equal

∴ ∠FED = ∠BCA = 180° – (∠ABC + ∠BAC) = 180° – (60° + 80°) = 40°

Detailed solution:-

Let Z’s income be Rs. x

Y’s income = x + 40% of x = 1.4x             (40% = 40/100 = .4)

X’s income = 1.4x + 60% of 1.4x = 2.24x   [(60 × 1.4)/100 = 2.24]

∴ Required % = {(2.24x – x)/x} × 100 = 124%  

∴ The required answer is 124%.

(3y² + 3x²) / (2y² – 8x²)

= {3 + 3(x/y)²} / {2 – 8(x/y)²}

= {3 + 3(1/9)} / {2 – 8(1/9)}

= 30/10

= 3/1

∴ (3y² + 3x²) : (2y² – 8x²) = 3 ∶ 1

Smart approach

Take, x = 1 and y = 3

Now, (3y2 + 3x2)/(2y2 – 8x2)

= (3 × 32 + 3 × 12)/(2 × 32 – 8 × 12)

= (27 + 3)/(18 - 8)

= 30/10 = 3/1 = 3 : 1

Given:- 

5 litres of honey contains 80% sugar.

Detailed Solution:-

Sugar in 5 litre honey = 80% of 5 = 4 litres

New quantity of honey = 5 + 3 = 8 litres

∴ Required % = {(8 – 4)/8} × 100 = 50%

Shortcut Trick

The ratio of the number of passed students to failed students

= (40 - 20) : (42 - 40) = 10 : 1

Suppose number of passed students = 10x

⇒ The number of failed students = x

Total marks of passed students = 42 × 10x = 420x

Total marks of failed students = 20 × x = 20x

∴ Required ratio = 420x : 20x = 21 : 1

Detailed Solution:

Average of marks of 132 students = Sum of marks of 132 students/132

⇒ 40 = Sum of marks of 132 students/132

⇒ Sum of marks of 132 students = 5280

Let number of passed student be x

Number of failed student = 132 – x

Now,

Average of marks of passed student = sum of marks of passed students/x

⇒ 42 = sum of marks of passed students /x

⇒ sum of marks of passed students = 42x

Now,

Average of marks of failed student = sum of marks of failed students/(132 – x)

⇒ 20 = sum of marks of failed students /(132 – x)

⇒ sum of marks of failed students = 20(132 – x) = 2640 – 20x

Now,

Total sum = 42x + 2640 – 20x

⇒ 5280 = 22x + 2640

⇒ 22x = 2640

⇒ x = 120

Total marks of passed student = 42x = 42 × 120 = 5040

⇒ Total marks of failed student = 2640 – 20x = 2640 – 20(120) = 240

∴ Required ratio = 5040 ∶ 240 = 21 ∶ 1

GIVEN:

Principal = Rs. 8000

Amount = Rs. 12500

FORMULA USED:

Amount = P{1 + (rate/100)}^time

CALCULATION:

⇒ 12500 = 8000{1 + (rate/100)}²

⇒ 12500/8000 = {1 + (rate/100)}²

⇒ 25/16 = {1 + (rate/100)}²

⇒ 5/4 = {1 + (rate/100)}

⇒ rate/100 = 1/4

⇒ Rate = 25%

Now,

∴ Amount = P{1 + (rate/100)}^time = 8000{1 + (25/100)}³ = 15625

Formula used:-

Loss % = {(Cost price – selling price)/cost price} × 100

Profit % = {(2 × selling price – cost price)/cost price} × 100

Calculation:-

According to question,

{(Cost price – selling price)/cost price} × 100 = {(2 × selling price – cost price)/cost price} × 100

⇒ cost price – selling price = 2 × selling price – cost price

⇒ 2 × cost price = 3 × selling price

⇒ Selling price/cost price = 2/3

Now,

∴ Loss % = {(Cost price – selling price)/cost price} × 100

= {1 – (selling price/cost price)} × 100

= {1 – (2/3)} × 100 = 33.33%  

∴ The required answer is 33.33%.

Given:- 

The marked price of a pencil is 35% more than its cost price.

Formula used:- 

 Discount % = {(Marked price – selling price)/Marked price} × 100

Calculation:- 

Let the cost price be Rs. 100

Marked price = 100 + 35% of 100 = Rs. 135

Selling price = Rs. 100

∴ Discount % = {(Marked price – selling price)/Marked price} × 100 = {(135 – 100)/135} × 100 = 25.92%  

∴ The required answer is 25.92%.

Given:-

11 × 12 × 13 × 14 

Detailed solution:- 

11 × 12 × 13 × 14 = 24024 and

The nearest perfect square near it is 24025 = 1552 

So, 1 must be added to the product.  

∴ The required answer is 1.

Given:-  

8 men can do a piece of work in 14 days

The formula used:- 

Total Work Done = Number of Days × Efficiency. 

Calculation:-

Total work = 8 × 14 = 112

∴ Time taken by 7 men to do the same work = 112/7 = 16 

∴ The required answer is 16.

Speed of the first bus = 20km/hr

Speed of the second bus = 34 km/hr

When two vehicles move toward each other, then their speed is added to get the relative speed.

∴ Relative speed = 20 + 34 = 54 km/hr

We need to find the distance between the two buses in metres, thus, we need to change the relative speed to m/sec,

= 54 × (5/18) = 15 m/sec

Time given = 1 second

∴ Required distance = Relative speed × Time = 15 × 1 = 15 m

According to the graph, D has the second lowest number of participants

Participants of activity G = 200

Participants of activity B = 360

∴ Required ratio = 200 ∶ 360 = 5 ∶ 9

Participants of activity A = 240

Participants of activity F = 300

∴ Required % = {(300 – 240)/300} × 100 = 20%

Calculation:

Participants of activity G = 200 + 30% of participant of activity F = 200 + 30% of 300 = 290

∴ Required % = {(290 – 200)/200} × 100 = 45%

Given:-  

Breadth = 20cm  Perimeter  = 82 

Formula used:- 

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(length + breadth)

Diagonal = √{(length)2 + (breadth)2}  

Calculation:-  

⇒ 2(length + 20) = 82 

⇒ length + 20 = 41 

⇒ length = 21 cm

As each angle of a rectangle is 90°

∴ Diagonal = √{(length)² + (breadth)²}

= √{(21)² + (20)²} = 29 cm 

∴ The required answer is 29 cm.

Given:

Radius = 7cm

Formula used:

2 × π × radius 

Calculation:

Circumference of circle = 2 × π × radius

⇒ 2 × (22/7) × 7 

⇒ 44 cm

∴ Option 2 is the correct answer.

Concept used:

• Volume of Hemisphere = (2/3) × π × Radius³

• Radius  = Diameter/2

Calculation:

⇒ 89.83 = (2/3) × (22/7) × (Diameter/2)³

⇒ Diameter³ = 343

∴ Diameter = 7

Given:

ΔABC is right angled at B and ∠C = 45° 

Concept used:

• Sum of three angles of a triangle is 180° 

• cosec 45° = √2

Calculation:

As, m∠B = 90° and m∠C = 45°

By angle sum property,

⇒ m∠A = 180° – (m∠B + m∠C) = 180° – (90° + 45°) = 45°

Now,

∴ cosec A – √3 = cosec 45° – √3 = √2 – √3

Concept used:

• Hypotenuse² = Perpendicular² + Base² 

Calculation:

sin P = 12/13

QR/PR = 12/13

QR = 12k and PR = 13k

Now, by Pythagoras theorem in  ΔPQR

⇒ PQ² + QR² = PR²

⇒ (1)² + (12k)² = (13k)²

⇒ 1 + 144k² = 169k²

⇒ 25k² = 1

⇒ k² = 1/25

⇒ k = 1/5

Now,

∴ QR = 12k = 12 × (1/5) = 2.4 cm

Brent Index is associated with crude oil prices.

• Brent Crude is a trading classification of the sweet light crude oil which serves as a major benchmark price for purchasing oil throughout the world.
• It is extracted from the North Sea and consists of Brent Blend, Ekofisk crudes, Forties Blend, and Oseberg.
• The Brent index represents the average price of trading in the 25-day Brent Blend, Oseberg, Forties, Ekofisk (BFOE) market in the appropriate delivery month as reported and confirmed by the industry media.

Fourth Five Year Plan: 1966-71

• It was launched by Indira Gandhi.
• The Fourth Five Year Plan (1969 – 1974) was aimed at achieving ‘Progressive achievement of Self-reliance’ and ‘Growth with Stability’.
• 14 major Indian Banks were Nationalised which increased the confidence of the people in Banking System.

The Southern Alps mountain range is located in New Zealand.

• It lies in the South Island of New Zealand.
• Its length is approximately 500 km.
• Aoraki (also called as Mount Cook), which is the highest point in New Zealand at 3,724 meters, is its tallest peak.

The combined water stream of Ganga and Brahmaputra is known as the Meghna.

• The Meghna is a major river in Bangladesh.
• The tributaries of the Meghna river originate in the mountains of eastern India and flows southwest and join.
• The headstream of Meghna, the Barak, rises in the hills of Manipur.
• After flowing into Bangladesh, the Ganges, Brahmaputra (also known as Jamuna) and Meghna rivers join (near Bhairab Bazar, Bangladesh) and flow into the Bay of Bengal as the Meghna river.

Yoga-darsana, codified in the work of Patanjali, is based on the exposition of the epistemological, metaphysical, and methodological ideas of an age-old meditative tradition and is widely known as Yoga Sutras.

According to the philosophy of Hinduism, there are six darshans i.e, the ways of seeing the world:

1. Purva Mimansa
2. Uttara Mimansa (Vedanta)
3. Nyaya
4. Vaisheshika
5. Samkhya
6. Yoga

Patanjali was a notable scholar of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. He is estimated to have lived between the 2^nd and 4^thcentury CE.

During the Maratha period, Patil was the officer responsible for the village administration.

• Shivaji had divided his kingdom into four provinces.
• Mamlatdar or Viceroy was appointed as the head of each province.
• Each province was sub-divided into several districts and villages.
• The chief of the village was called Deshpande or Patel. He was responsible to run the affairs of the village with the help of the Village Panchayat.

The correct answer is Violin.

Key Points

• South Indian violinist Govind Swami Pillai was a well-known figure in the Carnatic music tradition.
• Additionally, Govindaswami Pillai was a flutist and mridangam player.
• He was a renowned violinist of his day because of his beautiful touches, refined playing, pleasant, pure notes, freedom in all three octaves, and three levels of speed.

Additional Information

• Mridangam:
• A percussion instrument with ancient roots is the mridangam.
• It serves as the main source of rhythmic support in a Carnatic music ensemble.
• Tabla:
• ​A pair of twin-hand drums from the Indian subcontinent called tablas resemble bongos in appearance.
• Veena:
• The veena, which is often spelled vina, is a collection of Indian chordophone instruments.

Israel’s Parliament has passed a law that will limit the powers of its police.

This controversial law was passed on 28 December 2017. According to this law, the police will not be able to recommend to the attorney general whether or not to charge suspects at the conclusion of an investigation.

Hans Joachim Schellnhuber has been awarded the Blue Planet Prize-2017 in October 2017.

• German Physicist, Schellnhuber received the award for contributing to the international community's target of limiting global warming by 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. He has also shaped the science of Earth System Analysis and developed the most influential concept of tipping elements.
• He was honored together with the ecosystem scientist, Prof. Gretchen C. Daily for her contribution in the creation of a conceptual framework called Countryside Biogeography, which focuses on how the human presence and activities strongly influence living and non-living components of the ecosystem.
• The Blue Planet Prize is awarded to recognize the outstanding efforts in scientific research or applications of science that helps in solving the global environmental problems.
• Asahi Glass Foundation has created the prize in 1992 and since then the foundation has awarded the prize to two winners every year.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e 1971.

• The national emblem of Bangladesh was adopted in 1971.
• The national emblem of Bangladesh is the national flower water Lily which is resting on water, having on each side rice sheaves and being surmounted by three connected jute leaves with two stars on each side of the leaves.

Some important National Symbols of Bangladesh are listed below:

Mass number is always equal to the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons.

• Mass number determines the Atomic mass of an atom.
• Atomic number of an element is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
• Mass Number is denoted by A, while Atomic Number is denoted by Z.
• Mass Number  = Number  of Protons + Number of  Neutrons
• Number  of Neutrons = Mass Number – Atomic  number = A – Z
• It is represented as:

${\rm{X}}_{{\rm{Z}} - - - \to {\rm{Atomic;Number}}}^{{\rm{A}} - - - \to {\rm{Mass;Number}}}$

• Mass Number (द्रव्यमान संख्या)
• Atomic Number (परमाणु संख्या)

Electrons:

• Discovered by Sir J.J Thomson in the year 1897.
• Previously named as cathode rays as they were supposed to be emitted from the cathode.
• They are deflected towards the positive side.
• They have high kinetic energy.
• They are deflected by an electric and magnetic field.
• It has a negative charge of

 $charge=1.602\times10^{-19} coulombs$

$mass={1\over 1837}\times 9.107\times 10^{-28}g$

Protons:

• Discovered by Goldstein.
• Depicted first as positive rays because it seemed to emerge from the anode.
• Mass of a proton is

 $1.670 \times 10^{- 24}g$

$Charge=1.602\times 10^{-19} coulombs$​

Explanation:

• Rutherford's discovery led to the discovery of nucleus.
• He found out that most of the mass of the nucleus is situated in its centre and contains the positively charged particles protons.
• The atom is otherwise empty and as electrons have negligible mass, the mass of an atom should be equal to the sum of mass of protons present in it.
• However, it was seen that in Helium, there are only two protons, so its mass should be twice the mass of each proton = $2\times 1.008 a.m.u$.
• Experimental results revealed that it has a mass of 4.003a.m.u.
• Hence, it was concluded that the nucleus has particles containing no charge but mass almost equal to that of a proton.
• This was established by scientist James chadwick in 1932.

Additional Information

Rutherford's gold foil experiment: 

• He discovered the atomic nucleus and gave us an atomic model.

• He directed alpha particles towards a metal sheet.

• He saw that most of the alpha particles, which are positively charged particles, are not getting deflected.

• Most of the alpha particles emerged undeflected.

• Therefore, he concluded that most of the mass of the nucleus is situated in its centre and contains the positively charged particles protons.

• Electrons revolve around the nucleus in certain orbits.

All I, II, and III

• Ethanol is commonly known as Ethyl Alcohol.
• Its chemical formula is C₂H₅OH
• Ethanol is a very good solvent. Many compounds which are insoluble in water are soluble in Ethyl Alcohol.
• It is used in many medicines, such as tincture iodine, cough syrups, etc.
• The melting point of Ethanol is – 114° C and boiling point is 78.37° C, which is very low with respect to water.

All options are correct.

• Article 21. Protection of Life And Personal Liberty: It states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
• Through various judgements, the Apex Court provided a list of some rights that are included in the Article 21. They are as follows-
• The right to go abroad, The right against solitary confinement, The right against handcuffing, The right against delayed execution, The right to shelter, The right against custodial death, The right against public hanging, Doctors assistance, Right to pollution free water and air, Protection of under-trial, Right of every child to a full development, Protection of cultural heritage, Right to live with human dignity, etc.
• The Supreme Court has expanded ‘right to life’ in the following way-
• “The right to life would take within its sweep the right to food, the right to clothing, the right to a decent environment and a reasonable accommodation to live in.”
• In August 2017, the Apex court also ruled that Right to Privacy is an intrinsic part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 and entire Part III of the Constitution.

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act gave constitutional recognition to municipalities.

• The 74^th Amendment Act of 1992 added a new Part IX-A to the Constitution of India, titled ‘The Municipalities’.
• It consists of provisions from Article 243-P to 243-ZG.
• This Act provides for a five-year term of office for every municipality.
• All the members of the municipality are elected directly by the people of that municipal area (wards).
• The State Election Commission is responsible for the preparation and conduct of all elections to the municipalities.

Carbon dioxide is NOT a waste material removed from blood in the kidney.

• Blood carrying CO₂ enters the Heart through Vena Cava and is sent along the pulmonary arteries to the lungs to release CO₂ from the body.Carbon dioxide is removed from the lungs when we breathe out.

The movement of water molecules through the plasma membrane is called Osmosis.

• Osmosis is the passage of water from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Plasma membrane or a cell membrane is a semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane that lets only certain molecules pass through it while keeping other molecules out.

In November 2017, the second phase of ‘Bharat Net Project’ was launched. Rs 34,000 crore is its approximate outlay.

• BharatNet is a project of national importance to establish, by 2017, a highly scalable network to provide on-demand, affordable broadband connectivity of 2 Mbps to 20 Mbps for all rural households and institutions to realize the vision of Digital India.
• The project is being executed by BSNL, Railtel and Power Grid.
• It is being funded through the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).
• There will be three phases of the project.
• The first phase envisages providing one lakh gram panchayats with broadband connectivity through optic fiber cable.
• The second phase will extend the cable to 2,50,500 gram panchayats in the country by using optimal mix of underground fiber, fiber over power lines, radio and satellite media, which is to be completed by March 2019.
• The third phase will provide state-of-the-art, future-proof network, including fiber between districts and blocks. Ring topology will be used to provide some redundancy.

NASA successfully tested supersonic landing parachute in November 2017 for its approximate Mars 2020 mission.

• The Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment (ASPIRE), mission’s parachute-testing series was launched on 58-foot-tallBlack Brant IX sounding rocket for evaluation of ASPIRE payload performance.
• The special parachute will help to slow the spacecraft down as it enters the Martian atmosphere at over 5.4 kilometers per second.
• The payload is a bullet-nosed, cylindrical structure – holding a supersonic parachute, the parachute’s deployment mechanism, and the test’s high-definition instrumentation, including cameras to record data.
• Mars 2020 rover mission will attempt to determine the potential habitability of the Mars environment, and search for signs of ancient Martian.

In October 2017, GIC Re launched India’s 3rd biggest ‘Initial Public Offering (IPO)’ of Rs. 11,370 crore.

• General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re) is the largestreinsurance company in the Indian insurance market.
• Reinsurance is insurance purchased by an insurance company from other insurance firms in order to manage their risk.
• GIC Re launched ‘Initial Public Offering (IPO)’ of Rs. 11,370 crore which is the 3^rd largest after Coal India and Reliance Power.
• IPO refers to a flotation, which an issuer or a company proposes to the public in the form of ordinary stock or shares. It is the first sale of stock by a company to the public. It is generally offered by new and medium-sized firms who are looking for funds to grow and expand their business.

On 5 January 2018, Lok Sabha passed High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Amendment Bill, 2017. The Bill proposes to hike the salary of Chief Justice of India (CJI) to nearly Rs. 2.80 lakh per month.

• It was introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister for Law and Justice, Mr. Ravi Shankar Prasad on December 21, 2017.
• It proposes to hike the salary of Chief Justice of India (CJI) to nearly Rs. 2.80 lakh per month, of judges of Supreme Court and Chief Justices of High Courts to Rs. 2.5 lakh a month, and that of Judges of High Courts to Rs. 2.25 lakh a month.
• The Bill seeks to amend:
• The High Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1954.
• The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958.
• These Acts regulate the salaries and conditions of service of the judges of the High Courts and the Supreme Court.