SSC CHSL 2020 Official Paper 16 (Held On: 4 Aug 2021 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'A new helpline for students has been launched by the Central Board of Secondary Education.'

Key Points

• In Active Voice, a sentence emphasizes the subject, performing an action.
• In Passive Voice, a sentence emphasizes the action or the object of the sentence.
• The given sentence is in the active voice and it is in the present perfect tense.
• When we convert this sentence into a passive voice, the subject ''The Central Board of Secondary Education'' of the active voice becomes the object, the object ''a new helpline for students'' becomes the subject.
• The active format "has + V3 (launched)" should be converted into the passive format "has + been + V3 (launched)".
• This is the active and passive voice rule for the present perfect tense.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

Verbs of passive format have a different set of tenses (*V3 - Past participle or Third form of the Verb) as given below in the table:

Hinglish

• Active Voice में , एक वाक्य विषय पर जोर देता है, एक क्रिया करता है।
• Passive Voice में , एक वाक्य वाक्य की क्रिया या वस्तु पर जोर देता है।
• दिया गया वाक्य active voice में है और यह present perfect tense में है।
• जब हम इस वाक्य को passive voice में बदलते हैं, तो active voice का subject 'The Central Board of Secondary Education', object बन जाता है और object 'a new helpline for students', subject बन जाता है।
• Active format "has + V3 (launched)" को passive format "has + been + V3 (launched)" में परिवर्तित किया जाना चाहिए।
• यह present perfect tense के लिए active and passive voice rule है।
  

अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 है।

The correct answer is 'Very tense.'

Key Points

• Given Idiom: On tenterhooks means very tense, excited, or anxious about what might happen. (बहुत तनावपूर्ण)
• Example: We were on tenterhooks all through the game, hoping against hope that our team would win.
• From the given options, the second option is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Mistake Points

• We may think from the phrase "On tenterhooks" that it is all about a hook used to fasten cloth on a drying frame or tenter.
  

Additional Information

• A tenter is a framework on which fabric can be held taut for drying or other treatment during the manufacturing process; in the past tenterhooks were hooks or bent nails fixed in the tenter to hold the fabric in position. The metaphorical use of the phrase for an agitated state of mind dates from the mid 18th century.

The correct answer is 'starvation.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Sustenance' means the food and drink that people, animals, and plants need in order to live and stay healthy. (निर्वाह एवं संपोषण के लिए आवश्‍यक आहार)
• Example: As humans, we get our sustenance from the food we eat.
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Starvation' means suffering or death because there is not enough food. (भुखमरी)
• Example: Emergency aid could save millions threatened with starvation.
• 'Nourishment' means the food necessary for growth, health, and good condition. (पोषण, संवर्धन)
• Example: Plants imbibe nourishment usually through their leaves and roots.
• 'Refreshment' means light food and drinks that are available at a cinema, theatre, or other public places. (अल्‍पाहार, नाश्‍ता)
• Example: We stopped for refreshment halfway through the journey.
• 'Livelihood' means a way of earning money in order to live. (धन अर्जित करने का ढंग; आजीविका, रोज़ी)
• Example: Fishing is the main source of livelihood for many people in the area.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Sustenance' are "starvation, pablum, trash".
• The synonyms of the word 'Sustenance' are "aliment, food, nourishment".

The correct answer is 'Illegible.'

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Illegible - difficult or impossible to read. (जिसे पढ़ना कठिन या असंभव हो; अपाठ्‌य, दुर्वाच्य)
• Indelible - something that cannot be removed or washed out. (जो हटाया या धोया न जा सके; अमिट, अलोप्‍य, स्‍थायी)
• Illegal - something that is not allowed by the law. (गै़र-क़ानूनी, अवैध)
• Intelligible - possible or easy to understand. (जिसे समझना संभव या सरल हो; सुबोध, बोधगम्‍य)
  

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'palatial.'

Key Points

• The underlined segment 'palace' is a noun that means a large and impressive building forming the official residence of a ruler, pope, archbishop, etc.
• Example: Love can turn the cottage into a golden palace.
• As per the context of the sentence, someone's praising a home, therefore, an adjective is required to describe the noun 'home'.
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Palatable' is an adjective that means an action or proposal acceptable or satisfactory.
• Example: They changed the wording of the advertisement to make it more palatable to women.
• 'Pushy' is an adjective that means a person trying hard to get what you want, in a way that seems rude.
• Example: The photographers were pushy and intrusive.
• 'Palatial' is an adjective that means a room or building like a palace; extremely large and spacious.
• Example: She lives in a palatial New York apartment.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

​Correct Sentence: What a palatial home!

Hinglish

• रेखांकित खंड 'palace' एक noun है जिसका अर्थ है विशाल भवन जहाँ राजा या रानी रहते थे या रहते हैं, महल, राजभवन।
• ​वाक्य के सन्दर्भ के अनुसार कोई घर की प्रशंसा कर रहा है, इसलिए, noun 'home' का वर्णन करने के लिए एक adjective की आवश्यकता है।
• आइए अन्य दिए गए विकल्पों के अर्थ देखें:-
• 'Palatable' एक adjective है जिसका अर्थ है सलाह, विचार, कार्य आदि स्वीकार्य, संतोषजनक।
• 'Pushy' एक adjective है जिसका अर्थ है अभीष्‍ट वस्‍तु पाने के लिए ढीठ होकर प्रयत्‍न करने वाला व्‍यक्ति।
• 'Palatial' एक adjective है जिसका अर्थ है महलनुमा; अत्‍यधिक विशाल एवं विस्‍तीर्ण, भव्‍य।

The correct answer is 'plutocracy.'

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Oligarchy - a small group of people having control of a country or organization. (किसी देश या संगठन पर नियंत्रण रखने वाले लोगों का एक छोटा समूह)
• Aristocracy - the people of the highest social class who often have special titles. (उच्‍चतम सामाजिक वर्ग के सदस्‍य, जिन्‍हें प्रायः विशेष उपाधियाँ मिली होती हैं; उच्‍चवर्गीय समाज, अभिजात वर्ग)
• Monarchy - the system of government or rule by a king or queen. (राजा या रानी के आधिपत्‍यवाली शासन-प्रणाली; राजतंत्र)
• Plutocracy - a government run by the wealthy people. (अमीर लोगों द्वारा चलाई जाने वाली सरकार)
  

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'poignantly.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is saying something about a short animation film highlighting the difference between the rich and the poor in India. (दिया गया वाक्य भारत में अमीर और गरीब के बीच के अंतर को उजागर करने वाली एक लघु एनीमेशन फिल्म के बारे में कुछ कह रहा है)
• Poignantly means in a way that evokes a keen sense of sadness or regret. (एक तरह से जो दुख या अफसोस की गहरी भावना पैदा करता है; मार्मिक रूप से)
• Example: Rani's mothering experiences are poignantly described in her fiction.
  

Conclusion: In Debjyoti’s short animation film, the difference between the rich and the poor in India is described in a way that evokes a keen sense of sadness or regret. (देबज्योति की लघु एनीमेशन फिल्म म��ं, भारत में अमीर और गरीब के बीच के अंतर को इस तरह से वर्णित किया गया है जो दुख या अफसोस की गहरी भावना पैदा करता है)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: Debjyoti’s short animation film poignantly highlights the stark contrast between the rich and the poor in India.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Sweetly means in an attractive, kind, or pleasant way. (आकर्षक, आत्‍मीय या मधुर ढंग से)
• Carelessly means in a casual or reckless way; inattentively. (असावधानी या लापरवाही से)
• Strictly means in a way that involves rigid enforcement or that demands obedience. (सख्‍़ती से, कठोरतापूर्वक)

The correct answer is 'superflous'.

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:-
• 'Superflous': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• ​The correct spelling is 'Superfluous' and it means more than is wanted; not needed. (अपेक्षित से अधिक, अतिरिक्त या फ़ालतू; अनावश्‍यक)
• 'Superior' means better than usual or than somebody or something else. (सामान्‍य या अन्‍य से श्रेष्‍ठ, अधिक उत्‍कृष्‍ट)
• 'Superstition' means a belief that cannot be explained by reason or science. (अंधविश्‍वास)
• 'Supreme' means the highest or greatest possible. (सर्वोच्च या महानता)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Example of 'Superfluous' in a sentence:
• Eliminate superfluous words from your speech.

The correct answer is 'fortify.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about the effect of a certain homeopathic medicine against the coronavirus. (दिया गया वाक्य कोरोनावायरस के खिलाफ एक निश्चित होम्योपैथिक दवा के प्रभाव के बारे में कह रहा है)
• Fortify is a verb that means to strengthen someone mentally or physically. (किसी को मानसिक या शारीरिक रूप से मजबूत करना)
• Example: Have some hot soup to fortify you against the cold.
  

Conclusion: It is claimed in the given sentence that taking a certain homeopathic medicine will strengthen you against the coronavirus. (दिए गए वाक्य में दावा किया गया है कि एक निश्चित होम्योपैथिक दवा लेने से आप कोरोनावायरस के खिलाफ मजबूत होंगे)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: It is claimed that if you take a certain homeopathic medicine, it will fortify you against the coronavirus.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• impair that means to reduce the soundness, effectiveness, or perfection of
• Disfigure means to spoil the appearance of something or someone, especially their face, completely
• Break down means the act of disrupting an established order so it fails to continue

The correct answer is 'straight.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Devious' means clever but not honest or direct. (चालबाज़, छली)
• Example: His devious nature was shown in half-lies and small dishonesties.
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Calculating' means planning things in a very careful way in order to achieve what you want, without considering other people. (स्‍वार्थपूर्ण अभीष्‍ट पाने के लिए सुनियोजित; चालाक)
• Example: His cold, calculating approach made him many enemies.
• 'Shrewd' means being able to make good decisions because you understand a situation well. (उचित निर्णय करने में समर्थ; समझदार, सयाना, चतुर)
• Example: She's too shrewd to be trusted in business matters.
• 'Deceitful' means dishonest; trying to make somebody believe something that is not true. (कपटी; बहकाने वाला)
• Example: Most of what they do and others do to them is illegal, deceitful, and untruthful.
• 'Straight' means honest and direct. (ईमानदार और निष्‍कपट या सच्‍चा)
• Example: Politicians never give a straight answer.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Devious' are "deceitful, shrewd, calculating".
• The antonyms of the word 'Devious' are "straight, innocent, sincere".

The correct answer is Anju told Vijaya that she could stay with them whenever she was in Delhi.

Key Points

• The given sentence is a direct speech.
• The basic rules for changing or converting direct speech into indirect speech:​
• The commas, inverted commas are removed, and 'that' is added, also, ''said to'' becomes 'told'.
• The second-person pronoun 'You' becomes the third-person pronoun 'she' and the first-person pronoun 'us' becomes the third-person pronoun 'them'.
• The present simple tense format 'Subject + V1 (can) + Object' will be changed into the past simple tense format 'Subject + V2 (could) + Object'.
• The present simple tense format 'Subject + V1 (are) + Object' will be changed into the past simple tense format 'Subject + V2 (was) + Object'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The following table will enable us to know how tense changes into Indirect speech:-

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य direct speech है।
• Direct speech को indirect speech में बदलने या बदलने के लिए बुनियादी नियम:
• Commas, inverted commas हटा दिए जाते हैं और 'that' जोड़ा जाता है और 'said to', 'told' बन जाता है।
• The second-person pronoun 'You', third-person pronoun 'she' बन जाता है और the first-person pronoun 'us', the third-person pronoun 'them' बन जाता है।
• Present simple tense format 'Subject + V1 (can) + Object' को past simple tense format 'Subject + V2 (could) + Object' में बदल दिया जाएगा।
• Present simple tense format 'Subject + V1 (are) + Object' को past simple tense format 'Subject + V2 (was) + Object' में बदल दिया जाएगा।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है।

The correct answer is 'CDBA'.

Key Points

• The sentence 'C' is independent of any other sentence as it is giving general information about "the Robin couple laying eggs". Hence, 'C' is the first part.
• Sentence D will come after C because it explains how the Robin couple used to feed the four.
• Sentence B will come after D because it explains what happened with one of the four.
• The sentence 'A' is the concluding part because it explains the fallen young bird which has just learnt to fly is safely placed back into the nest.
  

Paragraph after rearranging the sentences: The robin couple built a nest in our verandah and laid four eggs. Once they had hatched, they busily took turns feeding the four. One morning, we found one of the four fallen on the ground. We gently put the fledgling back into the nest.

Hint

• Important Rules to Solve the Para Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.
  

Hinglish

• वाक्य 'C' किसी अन्य वाक्य से स्वतंत्र है क्योंकि यह "रॉबिन जोड़े के अंडे देने" के बारे में सामान्य जानकारी दे रहा है। अतः 'C' पहला भाग है।
• वाक्य D, C के बाद आएगा क्योंकि यह बताता है कि कैसे रॉबिन दंपति चारों को खाना खिलाते थे।
• वाक्य B, D के बाद आएगा क्योंकि यह बताता है कि चार में से एक के साथ क्या हुआ।
• वाक्य 'A' अंतिम भाग है क्योंकि यह बताता है कि गिरे हुए युवा पक्षी, जिसने अभी-अभी उड़ना सीखा है, सुरक्षित रूप से वापस घोंसले में रख दिया गया है।

The correct answer is 'vicious.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Malignant' means evil in nature or effect. (घातक)
• Example: They found a malignant tumor in her breast.
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Loving' means feeling or showing love or care. (स्‍नेहशील, प्‍यार-भरा)
• Example: A friend is a loving companion at all times.
• 'Healthy' means normal and sensible. (सामान्‍य और समझदार या विवेकपूर्ण)
• Example: The child showed a healthy curiosity.
• 'Beneficial' means having a good or useful effect. (लाभकारी, हितकर, फ़ायदेमंद)
• Example: Sunshine and water are beneficial to living things.
• 'Vicious' means serious or dangerous. (गंभीर या खतरनाक)
• Example: The drunkard led a vicious life.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Malignant' are "vicious, malicious, malign".
• The antonyms of the word 'Malignant' are "unmalicious, good, pleasant".

The correct answer is 'secretly.'

Key Points

• Given Idiom: Under wraps means secret or concealed. (गुप्त या छुपा हुआ)
• Example: Keep this under wraps for now, but Amit is definitely the one getting the promotion.
• From the given options, the fourth option is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Mistake Points

• We may think from the phrase "Under wraps" that it is all about something inside a paper or soft material.
  

Additional Information

• This idiom frequently is put as 'keep under wraps', meaning "keep secret," as in Let's keep this theory under wraps until we've tested it sufficiently. It alludes to covering something completely by wrapping it up.

The correct answer is 'My mother generally read' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the plural form of the verb 'read' is incorrect.
• The subject 'mother' in the sentence is singular and will always take a singular verb.
• Therefore, the singular form of the verb 'reads' should be used in place of the plural form 'read'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: My mother generally reads the local newspaper to keep abreast of the local news.

Additional Information

• Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular or plural). (विषय और क्रिया एक दूसरे के साथ संख्या (एकवचन या बहुवचन) में सहमत होना चाहिए)
• Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if the subject is plural, its verb must also be plural. (इस प्रकार, यदि कोई विषय एकवचन है , तो उसकी क्रिया भी एकवचन होनी चाहिए ; यदि विषय बहुवचन है , तो उसकी क्रिया भी बहुवचन होनी चाहिए)
  

Hinglish

• दिए गए वाक्य में 'read' क्रिया का बहुवचन रूप गलत है ।
• वाक्य में subject 'mother' एकवचन है और हमेशा एकवचन verb लेगा।
• इसलिए बहुवचन क्रिया 'read' के स्थान पर एकवचन क्रिया 'reads' का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

सही वाक्य: My mother generally reads the local newspaper to keep abreast of the local news.

The correct answer is 'will surely miss.'

Key Points

• In the underlined segment, the use of the verb 'would' is incorrect.
• The given sentence is the first conditional sentence expressing a situation in which the outcome is likely to happen in the future.
• When using the first conditional we use the simple present tense in the if-clause and simple future tense in the main clause.
• The format is: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive (here, miss).
• Therefore, the simple future tense 'will' should be used in place of 'would'.
• Also, the adverb 'surely' should be used in place of 'sure'.
• The adverb 'surely' means without a doubt.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: If he doesn't reach the station in time, he will surely miss the train.

Hinglish

• रेखांकित खण्ड में 'would' क्रिया का प्रयोग गलत है।
• दिया गया वाक्य first conditional sentence है जो उस स्थिति को व्यक्त करता है जिसमें परिणाम भविष्य में होने की संभावना है।
• First conditional sentence का उपयोग करते समय हम if-क्लॉज में simple present tense और main clause में simple future tense का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।
• प्रारूप है: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive (यहाँ, miss)।
• अतः 'would' के स्थान पर simple future tense 'will' का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।
• साथ ही 'sure' के स्थान पर adverb 'surely' का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।
• Adverb 'surely' का अर्थ है निस्‍संदेह, बिना किसी संदेह के।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

सही वाक्य: If he doesn't reach the station in time, he will surely miss the train.

The correct answer is 'ADBC.'

Key Points

• The sentence 'A' is independent of any other sentence as it is giving general information about "someone who lived in a small house". Hence, 'A' is the first part.
• Sentence D will come after A as it gives information about his job after marriage.
• Sentence B will come after D because it explains how the man and his wife made a small fortune.
• Fortune*(noun)* - a large amount of money, goods, property, etc. (बड़ी मात्रा में धन, माल, संपत्ति, आदि)
• For Example - She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.
• The sentence 'C' is the concluding part because it explains what caused the couple great sorrow.
  

Paragraph after rearranging the sentences: He lived in a small house near the main road of a village. After he got married, he started a tailor's shop. As both, he and his wife, worked hard, they made a small fortune. But one thing caused them great sorrow: they had no children.

Hint

• Important Rules to Solve the Para Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.
  

Hinglish

• वाक्य 'A' किसी अन्य वाक्य से स्वतंत्र है क्योंकि यह "किसी के बारे में जो एक छोटे से घर में रहता है" सामान्य जानकारी दे रहा है। अतः 'A' पहला भाग है।
• वाक्य D, A के बाद आएगा क्योंकि यह विवाह के बाद उसकी नौकरी के बारे में जानकारी देता है।
• वाक्य B, D के बाद आएगा क्योंकि यह बताता है कि कैसे आदमी और उसकी पत्नी ने एक छोटी संपत्ति बनायी।
• वाक्य 'C' समापन भाग है क्योंकि यह वर्णन करता है कि किस वजह से जोड़े को बहुत दुख हुआ।

The correct answer is 'has repeated asked him' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the verb 'repeated' in place of an adverb is incorrect.
• The given sentence is in the present perfect tense.
• In present perfect structures, the adverbs must be placed just before the main verb in participle form.
• The adverb 'repeatedly' should be used in place of the verb 'repeated'.
• The adverb 'repeatedly' means over and over again; constantly.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: Deepu’s mother has repeatedly asked him to lower the volume of his mobile.

Hinglish

• दिए गए वाक्य में adverb के स्थान पर verb 'repeated' का प्रयोग गलत है।
• दिया गया वाक्य present perfect tense ​​में है।
• Present perfect structures में, adverbs को main verb से ठीक पहले रखा जाना चाहिए।
• क्रिया 'repeated' के स्थान पर 'repeatedly' क्रियाविशेषण का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।
• क्रियाविशेषण 'repeatedly' का अर्थ है बार-बार; निरंतर।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

सही वाक्य: Deepu’s mother has repeatedly asked him to lower the volume of his mobile.

The correct answer is 'twelth'.

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:-
• 'Twelth': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• ​The correct spelling is 'Twelfth' and it means constituting number twelve in a sequence; 12th. (बारहवाँ)
• 'Temperature' means how hot or cold something is. (तापमान)
• 'Until' means up to the time or the event mentioned. (निर्दिष्ट समय या घटना के होने तक)
• 'Disappear' means to become impossible to see or to find. (अदृश्‍य हो जाना, गायब हो जाना, खो जाना, मिल न पाना)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Example of 'Twelfth' in a sentence:
• December is the twelfth month of the year.

The correct answer is 'crooked.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Wry' means cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous; using or expressing dry, especially mocking, humour. (चतुराई से और अक्सर विडंबना या गंभीर रूप से विनोदी)
• Example: With wry humour, they laugh at their misfortunes.
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Crooked' means not honest. (बेईमान, कपटी)
• Example: She plays the role of a crooked lawyer.
• 'Straight' means honest and direct. (ईमानदार और निष्‍कपट या सच्‍चा)
• Example: A straight man does nothing underhand.
• 'Forthright' means saying exactly what you think in a clear and direct way. (अपनी सोच की सही अभिव्‍यक्ति में समर्थ; खरा-खरा कहने वाला, स्‍पष्‍टवादी)
• Example: His forthright manner can be mistaken for rudeness.
• 'Frank' means showing your thoughts and feelings clearly; saying what you mean. (विचारों और भावों को स्‍पष्‍टता से व्‍यक्त करते हुए; अभीष्‍ट का अभिव्‍यंजक; स्‍पष्‍टकारी)
• Example: He was completely frank with her about what happened.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Wry' are "crooked, poignant, insincere".
• The antonyms of the word 'Wry' are "gentle, mild, polite".

The correct answer is 'learn.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "**A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to ___(1) ___ about a new school...'' is telling about the time needed by a master to get some information about a new school.
• The verb that follows 'to' should be an infinitive verb i.e. the base form of the verb.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'learn', the base form of the verb.
• The word 'learn' means to get some information about something; to find out. 
• Example: It is never too late to learn.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to learn about a new school...

Additional Information

Let us explore  the other options:

• 'Learning' is the gerund or present participle form of the verb. ('Learning' क्रिया का gerund या present participle रूप है)
• 'Learns' is the third-person present singular form of the verb. ('Learns' क्रिया का third-person present singular रूप है)
• 'Learnt' is the past tense form of the verb. ('Learnt' क्रिया का past tense रूप है)
  

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य "A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to ___(1) ___ about a new school*...*'' एक नए स्कूल के बारे में कुछ जानकारी प्राप्त करने के लिए एक मास्टर द्वारा आवश्यक समय के बारे में बता रहा है।
• 'To' के बाद आने वाली क्रिया एक infinitive verb होनी चाहिए अर्थात क्रिया का मूल रूप।
• इसलिए, रिक्त स्थान में भरने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त शब्द 'learn' है, जो क्रिया का मूल रूप है।
• शब्द 'learn' का अर्थ है किसी बात के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्‍त करना; किसी बात का पता चलना। 
• उदाहरण: It is never too late to learn.

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है ।

पूर्ण वाक्य: A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to learn about a new school...

The correct answer is 'ours.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to learn about a new school, leave alone absorb a distinct tradition like ___(2) ___.'' is telling how difficult it will be for the master to absorb a distinct tradition that the school had.
• The pronoun 'Ours' will be used because it is referring to the distinct tradition that the whole school follows.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'ours'.
• The pronoun 'ours' means the one or ones belonging to us. 
• Example: Their children study hard while ours never study.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete Sentence: A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to learn about a new school, leave alone absorb a distinct tradition like ours.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• The pronoun 'Mine' means of or belonging to me. (मुझसे संबंधित या मेरा)
• The pronoun 'Himself' is used when the male who does the action is also affected by it. (जब पुरुष व्‍यक्ति अपनी क्रिया से स्‍वयं भी प्रभावित हो, अपने को, ख़ुद को)
• The pronoun 'Ourselves' is used when the people who do an action are also affected by it. (हम स्‍वयं, अपने आपको)
  

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य "A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to learn about a new school, leave alone absorb a distinct tradition like ___(2) ___.'' गुरु को अपनी एक अलग परंपरा अपनाने के लिए कह रहा है।
• Pronoun 'Ours' इस्तेमाल किया जाएगा क्योंकि यह उस विशिष्ट परंपरा की बात कर रहा है जिसका पालन पूरा स्कूल करता है।
• इसलिए, रिक्त स्थान में भरने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त pronoun 'ours' है।
• Pronoun 'Ours' शब्द का अर्थ है वह जो हमारा है, हमारे वाला।
• उदाहरण: Their children study hard while ours never study.

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है।

पूर्ण वाक्य: A year is hardly sufficient time for a Master to learn about a new school, leave alone absorb a distinct tradition like ours.

The correct answer is 'needed.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "Most of the new appointees had not served in a residential school and ___(3) ___ time to learn.'' is telling about the time required by the new appointees to experience a residential school.
• The given sentence is talking about the time required by the new appointee to experience a residential school.
• The sentence is in the past tense, thus, 'needed' will be used.
• The word 'needed' means required something because it is essential or very important rather than just desirable. 
• Example: He felt that his son needed to learn some hard lessons about life.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete Sentence: Most of the new appointees had not served in a residential school and needed time to learn.

Additional Information

Let us explore  the other options:

• 'Needs' is the third-person present singular form of the verb. ('Needs' क्रिया का third-person present singular रूप है)
• 'Need' is the base form of the verb. ('Need' क्रिया का मूल रूप है)
• 'Needing' is the gerund or present participle form of the verb. ('Needing' क्रिया का gerund या present participle रूप है)

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य "Most of the new appointees had not served in a residential school and ___(3) ___ time to learn.'' आवासीय विद्यालय का अनुभव करने के लिए नई नियुक्तियों द्वारा आवश्यक समय के बारे में बता रहा है।
• दिया गया वाक्य एक आवासीय विद्यालय का अनुभव करने के लिए नए नियुक्त व्यक्ति द्वारा आवश्यक समय के बारे में बात कर रहा है।
• वाक्य भूतकाल में है, इस प्रकार, 'needed' का प्रयोग किया जाएगा।
• शब्द 'needed' का अर्थ है आवश्यकता है। 
• उदाहरण: He felt that his son needed to learn some hard lessons about life.

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 है ।

पूर्ण वाक्य: Most of the new appointees had not served in a residential school and needed time to learn.

The correct answer is 'that.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "But the short tenure did not allow ___(4) ___.'' is telling that short tenure did not allow that (new appointees to learn).
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is the pronoun 'that'.
• The pronoun 'that' is used for referring to a person or a specific thing previously mentioned, known, or understood. 
• Example: We will never allow that to happen!
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete Sentence: But the short tenure did not allow that.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• The pronoun 'Those' is used for referring to different things or people previously mentioned, known, or understood. (विभिन्न चीजों या लोगों का जिक्र करने के लिए, पहले उल्लेख किया गया, ज्ञात या समझा गया)
• The pronoun 'Them' is used as the object of a verb or preposition to refer to two or more people or things previously mentioned or easily identified. (दो या दो से अधिक लोगों या चीजों का उल्लेख करने के लिए जिनका पहले उल्लेख किया गया है या आसानी से पहचाना जा सकता है)
• The pronoun 'These' is used for referring to the people or things just mentioned. (लोगों या चीजों का जिक्र करने के लिए जिनका अभी उल्लेख किया गया है)
  

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य "But the short tenure did not allow ___(4) ___.'' बता रहा है कि छोटे कार्यकाल ने नई नियुक्तियों को सीखने नहीं दिया गया।
• इसलिए, रिक्त स्थान में भरने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त pronoun 'that' है।
• Pronoun 'That' शब्द का अर्थ है पूर्वज्ञात या पूर्व निर्दिष्ट व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के विषय में चर्चा के लिए प्रयुक्त।
• उदाहरण: We will never allow that to happen!

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है।

पूर्ण वाक्य: But the short tenure did not allow that.

The correct answer is 'environment.'

Key Points

• The given sentence "They could not develop an understanding of the student and his ___(5) ___.'' is indicating about understanding the condition of the student.
• The use of the pronoun 'his' in the sentence indicates the use of a noun in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'environment'.
• The word 'environment' means the conditions in which you live, work, etc. 
• Example: Employers should provide a safe working environment, as far as is reasonably practicable.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: They could not develop an understanding of the student and his environment.

Additional Information

Let us explore  the other options:

• 'Environmentally' is an adverb that means in a way that relates to a person's surroundings. (एक तरह से जो किसी व्यक्ति के परिवेश से संबंधित है)
• 'Environmental' is an adjective that means relating to or arising from a person's surroundings. (किसी व्यक्ति के परिवेश से संबंधित या उत्पन्न होना)
• 'Environmentalist' is a noun that means a person who is an expert on environmental problems. (पर्यावरण संबंधी समस्‍याओं का विशेषज्ञ)
  

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य "They could not develop an understanding of the student and his ___(5) ___.'' छात्र की स्थिति को समझने का संकेत दे रहा है।
• वाक्य में pronoun 'his' का प्रयोग रिक्त स्थान में noun के प्रयोग को इंगित करता है।
• इसलिए, रिक्त स्थान में भरने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त शब्द 'environment' है।
• 'Environment' शब्द का अर्थ है रहने, काम करने आदि की परिस्थितियाँ; वातावरण।
• उदाहरण: Employers should provide a safe working environment, as far as is reasonably practicable.

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

पूर्ण वाक्य: They could not develop an understanding of the student and his environment

The logic followed here is:

Sum of digit of given number = 14

By checking options:

(1) 5423 → 5 + 4 + 2 + 3 = 14 

(2) 6138 → 6 + 1 + 3 + 8 = 18 ≠ 14

(3) 1652 → 1 + 6 + 5 + 2  =14

(4) 6341 → 6 + 3 + 4 + 1 = 14

Hence, 6138 is the odd one.

Here the pattern followed in each row is:

(1^st number ÷ 4) + (3^rd number ÷ 3) = 2^nd number

Row 1: (28 ÷ 4) + (27 ÷ 3) = 7 + 9 = 16

Row 2: (44 ÷ 4) + (15 ÷ 3) = 11 + 5 = 16

Similarly

Row 3: (84 ÷ 4) + (24 ÷ 3) = 21 + 8 = 29

Hence, “29” is correct answer.

Given; 12 – 8 + 4 ÷ 2 × 8 = 4

By checking options and changing signs and then using BODMAS Rule:

(1) × and +  

⇒ 12 – 8 × 4 ÷ 2 + 8 = 4

LHS = 12 – 8 × 4 ÷ 2 + 8

= 12 - 8 × 2 + 8

= 12 - 16 + 8

= 20 - 16

= 4

LHS = RHS

(2) × and ÷

⇒ 12 – 8 + 4 × 2 ÷ 8 = 4

LHS = 12 – 8 + 4 × 2 ÷ 8

= 12 - 8 + 4 × 0.25

= 12 - 8 + 1

= 13 - 8

= 5

≠ 4

LHS ≠ RHS

(3) ÷ and –

⇒ 12 ÷ 8 + 4 - 2 × 8 = 4

LHS = 12 ÷ 8 + 4 - 2 × 8

= 1.5 + 4 - 2 × 8

= 1.5 + 4 - 16

= 5.5 - 16

= - 10.5 

≠ 4

LHS ≠ RHS

(4) – and ×

⇒ 12 × 8 + 4 ÷ 2 - 8 = 4

LHS = 12 × 8 + 4 ÷ 2 - 8

= 12 × 8 + 2 - 8

= 96 + 2 - 8

= 98 - 8 

= 90

≠ 4

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, × and + is the correct answer.

Given: 'Straw’ is related to ‘Nest’ in the same way as ‘Cotton’ is related to ‘______’.

The logic followed here is:

Nest is made up of Straws.

Similarly,

Thread is made up of Cotton.

Hence, thread is the correct answer.

Important PointsSewing → Sewing is the activity of making or mending clothes or other things using a needle and thread.

Wool → Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, hide and fur clothing from bison, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids. Wool consists of protein together with a small percentage of lipids.

Given: FORWARD is written as CSZXQPE.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, KBQFLVM is the correct answer.

By checking the options:

(1) TXCJ

(2) DHSZ

(3) GKPW

(4) NRJQ

(here, J is not the opposite of R, I is the opposite of R)

Hence, NRJQ is the odd one.

Arranging all the words as per their order in the dictionary:

2. Movement
3. Moviemaker
4. Multifocal
5. Multinomial
6. Mutual fund

Hence, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 is the correct order.

The logic followed here is:

All Integrity, Honesty, and Truthfulness are Synonyms.

Whereas, 

Joviality is not a Synonym of Honesty.

Hence, joviality is the odd one.

Important PointsIntegrity → the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.

Joviality → Joviality is the characteristic of being cheerful and festive.

Given: BYDW : UFSH :: CXFU : ?

The logic followed here is:

BYDW : UFSH 

Similarly,

CXFU : ?

Hence, TGQJ is the correct answer.

(Note: In original paper this question has discrepancy. The option 2 in question are to be changed. We have corrected option 3.)

Given: Ammeter : Electric current

The logic followed here is:

First one is Measurements and second one is Quantity.

Ammeter measures Electric Current.

Similarly,

Hygrometer measures Humidity.

Hence, hygrometer : humidity is the correct answer.

Important PointsBarometer → measures atmospheric pressure.

Lactometer → measures amount of water in milk you drink.

Polarimeter → measures the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light through an optically active substance.

Given: 3, 5, 15, 41, ?, 173

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 91 is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

The paper when unfolded, will look like:

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

In this question, We will use the opposite face relation of cube which is shown below-

The opposite faces are:

Hence, 6 dots lie opposite to the face having 4 dots.

From the given information,

Snigda met her mother's only brother's son's mother's father-in-law, implies she met her maternal grandfather as shown below, the final family tree is as follows:

Hence, grandfather is the correct answer.

Given: {9, 12, 18}

The logic followed here is:

(2nd number - 1st number) × 2 = 3rd number - 2nd number.

{9, 12, 18} → (12 - 9) = 3 → 3 × 2 = 6 = (18 - 12)

By checking options:

(1) {21, 29, 44} → (29 - 21) = 8 → 8 × 2 = 16 ≠ 15 = (44 - 29)

(2) {5, 12, 24} → (12 - 5) = 7 → 7 × 2 = 14 ≠ 12 = (24 -12)

(3) {13, 19, 31} → (19 - 13) = 6 → 6 × 2 = 12 = (31 - 19)

(4) {7,13, 27} → (13 - 7) = 6 → 6 × 2 = 12 ≠ 14 = (27 - 13). 

Hence, {13, 19, 31} is the correct answer.

Given: a_ bcde abbcd aabb _ee

By substituting optionss in given series,

(1) aeecdbea → aeebcdee - cabbcddb - aabbeaee

(2) abeaeecd → aabbcdee - aabbcdee - aabbcdee

      ► (here, aabbcdee is repeating).

(3) aeaedecd → aaebcdea - eabbcdde - aabbcdee

(4) abecdeae → aabbcdee - cabbcdde - aabbaeee

• Option (2) gives a pattern of aabbcdee - aabbcdee - aabbcdee.

Hence, abeaeecd is the correct answer.

Given: 

The logic followed here is: the given image is embedded as shown below,

Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is: all widows are women, some women are professors, and some widows are professors.

Hence, option (3) is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusion:

I. Some instruments are machines → False (it is possible but not definite as shown in the diagram above that no instrument is machine is possible).

Il. Some machines are computers → True (all computers are machine, implies some machines are computers).

III. Some televisions are machines → False (it is possible but not definite, as shown in the diagram above that no television is machine is possible).

Hence, only conclusion II follows.

Additional Information

Given: 

The logic followed here is:

We can see in the given series that the symbols 

 is moving diagonally upward with every step.

So the complete series is as follows:

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

Given: The sales boy of a washing machine store charges his customers 24% more than the cost price.

Now, let the cost price of washing machine be "X".

Then, according to the question,

Selling Price = X + 24% of X = 6200

$X \times (1 + {24 \over 100}) = 6200$

$X = {6200 \times 100 \over 124}$

X = 5000

Hence, the cost price of the washing machine is Rs. 5000.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern for the code is as follows,

So, HAMPER is coded as 17212322036

And,

So, INSULT is coded as 16286421340.

Similarly,

Hence, SAFETY is coded as “621910550​”.

By counting the triangles:

The triangles are → ABG, CHI, DEJ, EKJ, AFG, FHO, HOK, KMP, PMO, FLN, NLO, FNO, KPO, FKO → 14 triangles.

Hence, 14 is the correct answer.

Given: 12 : 150 :: 14 : ?

The logic followed here is:

(1st number)² + 1st number ÷ 2 = 2nd number.

12 : 150 

= 12² + 12 ÷ 2

= 144 + 6 = 150.

Similarly,

14 : ? 

= 14² + 14 ÷ 2

= 196 + 7 = 203.

Hence, 203 is the correct answer.

Given: 

The logic followed here is: let the line AB be the mirror,

Detailed Explanation:

• The line AB is the mirror
• In option (1) one slant line at the right side is missing ⇒ option (1) is eliminated.
• The mirror image of the word "N" will be "

" ⇒ option (2) is eliminated.

• The mirror image of the word "N" should be to the left side and that of the triangle should be at the right side ⇒ option (4) is eliminated.

Hence, option (3) is the correct answer.

Given:

Inner radius of concentric circles = 6.7cm

Outer radius of concentric circles = 9.5 cm

Formula:

Circumference of circle = 2πr

Calculation:

Circumference of small circle = π × 2 × 6.7 = 13.4π

Circumference of big circle = π × 2 × 9.5 = 19π

∴ Difference between their circumference = (19 - 13.4)π = 5.6 × 22/7 = 17.6 cm

Shortcut Trick

In a 30°−60°−90° triangle, the side opposite to 30° is half of the hypotenuse.

Given Hypotenuse (String) = 158 m.

Height = 158 ÷ 2 = 79 m.

∴ The correct answer is 79 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the string (Hypotenuse AC) = 158 m

Angle of elevation (θ) = 30°

Formula Used:

sin θ = Perpendicular (Height) ÷ Hypotenuse (String)

Calculations:

⇒ sin 30° = h ÷ 158

⇒ 1/2 = h ÷ 158

⇒ h = 158 ÷ 2

⇒ h = 79 m

∴ The correct answer is 79 m.

Additional Information

Trigonometric Ratios

Common values: sin 30° = 1/2, sin 45° = 1/√2, sin 60° = √3/2.

30°−60°−90° Triangle Rule

The sides are always in the ratio 1 : √3 : 2 corresponding to the angles 30° : 60° : 90°.

Angle of Elevation

The angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when looking upwards at an object.

Given:

Calculation:

In ΔADB,

Using pythagoras theorem,

⇒ AB² = BD² + AD²

In ΔADC,

Using pythagoras theorem,

⇒ AC² = AD² + DC²

In ΔBAC,

Using pythagoras theorem,

⇒ BC² = AB² + AC²

⇒ (4.8 + DC)² = 4.8² + 8.4² + (8.4² + DC²)

⇒ 4.8² + 9.6DC + DC² = 4.8² + 8.4² + (8.4² + DC²)

⇒ 9.6DC = 2 × 8.4 × 8.4

⇒ DC = (8.4 × 2.1)/1.2 = 14.7 cm

∴ BC = BD + DC = 4.8 + 14.7 = 19.5 cm

Given:

Diameter of pizza = 28cm

Formula:

Circumference of circle = πd

Calculation:

Radius of pizza = 28/2 = 14cm

Total circumference of pizza = 22/7 × 28 = 88cm

Circumference of 3/4 of pizza = 88 × 3/4 = 66cm

∴ Perimeter of remaining pizza = 66 + 14 + 14 = 94cm

Shortcut Trick

Let Cost Price (CP) be 100%.

As Loss equals profit of 22%, the first Selling Price (SP) = 100% − 22% = 78%.

⇒ 78% = ₹1,170 ⇒ 100% = (1,170 ÷ 78) × 100 = ₹1,500.

New SP = ₹1,450 ⇒ Loss = 1,500 − 1,450 = ₹50.

Loss% = (50 ÷ 1500) × 100 = 3.33... ≈ 3.3%.

∴ The correct answer is Loss, 3.3.

Alternate Method

Given:

SP₁ = ₹1,170

Profit% (for comparison) = 22%

SP₂ = ₹1,450

Formula Used:

Loss = CP − SP | Profit = SP − CP | Loss% = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100

Calculations:

Let the Cost Price of the article be x.

According to the question, Loss at ₹1,170 = Profit at 22%.

⇒ x − 1,170 = 22% of x

⇒ x − 1,170 = 0.22x

⇒ x − 0.22x = 1,170

⇒ 0.78x = 1,170

⇒ x = 1,170 ÷ 0.78 = 1,500

The Cost Price (CP) is ₹1,500.

Now, if the article is sold for ₹1,450 (SP₂):

⇒ Loss = CP − SP₂ = 1,500 − 1,450 = ₹50

⇒ Loss% = (50 ÷ 1,500) × 100

⇒ Loss% = 10 ÷ 3 = 3.33...

Rounding to one decimal place, we get 3.3%.

∴ The correct answer is Loss, 3.3.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Percentage

Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 and Loss% = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100. Both are always calculated on the Cost Price unless stated otherwise.

Selling Price Calculation

SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100 or SP = CP × (100 − Loss%) ÷ 100. Use these to find SP directly from CP and percentage change.

Cost Price as Base

Assuming CP = 100 units simplifies calculations. A 22% profit makes SP = 122 units, while a 22% loss makes SP = 78 units.

Shortcut Trick

LCM of 8, 15, 16, 21, and 5 is 1680.

Check options for divisibility by 1680 (must be divisible by factors 7, 16, and 3).

99120 ÷ 16 = 6195; 99120 ÷ 3 (sum of digits 21) is true; 99120 ÷ 7 = 14160.

Since 99120 is the largest option divisible by 1680, it is the required number.

∴ The correct answer is 99120.

Alternate Method

Given: Divisors are 8, 15, 16, 21, 5; Target is the greatest 5-digit number.

Formula Used: Required Number = LCM(8, 15, 16, 21, 5) × k ≤ 99999.

10000 99999   Greatest Divisible: 99120 Multiples of LCM (1680)

⇒ Prime factorization of divisors:

⇒ 8 = 2³

⇒ 15 = 3 × 5

⇒ 16 = 2⁴

⇒ 21 = 3 × 7

⇒ 5 = 5

⇒ LCM = 2⁴ × 3 × 5 × 7 = 16 × 15 × 7 = 1680

⇒ Divide the largest 5-digit number (99999) by 1680:

⇒ 99999 ÷ 1680 = 59 with remainder 879

⇒ Required number = 99999 − 879 = 99120

∴ The correct answer is 99120.

Additional Information

LCM and HCF Relationship

For any two numbers a and b, HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b.

Divisibility Rule of 16

A number is divisible by 16 if the last four digits of the number are divisible by 16.

Finding Greatest N-digit Number

To find the greatest N-digit number divisible by x, divide the largest possible N-digit number (9...9) by x and subtract the remainder.

Given:

cos θ = $\frac{4x}{1 + 4x^2}$

Formula:

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1

Calculation:

sin2θ = 1 - cos2θ

sin²θ = 1 - $\left(\frac{4x}{1 + 4x^2}\right)^2~~$

⇒  $\frac{(1 + 4x^2)^2 - 16x^2}{(1 + 4x^2)^2}$

⇒ $\frac{1 + 8x^2 + 16x^4 - 16x^2}{(1 + 4x^2)^2}$

⇒ $\frac{1 - 8x^2 + 16x^4}{(1 + 4x^2)^2}$

⇒ $\frac{(1 - 4x^2)^2}{(1 + 4x^2)^2}$

∴ sin θ = $\frac{1 - 4x^2}{1+4x^2}$

Concept:

Calculation:

$\rm [ {(232 ÷ 29 \ of \ 2) + 77 \times 10 } ÷ 18] - \frac{18 \times 8 ÷ 4 \ of \ 3 - 4}{ 2 \times (8 - 6) + 1 - 2 \times 3 ÷ 4 \ of \ \frac{1}{2}}$

⇒ [232 ÷ 58 + 77 × 10) ÷ 18] - [(18 × 8 ÷ 12 - 4)/(2 × 2 + 1 - 2 × 3 ÷ 4 × 1/2)]

⇒ [(4 + 77 × 10) ÷ 18] - [(18 × 8 ÷ 12 - 4)/(2 × 2 + 1 - 2 × 3 ÷ 2)]

⇒ [4 + 770] ÷ 18 - [(12 - 4)/(4 + 1 - 3)]

⇒ 43 - 8/(2)

⇒ 43 - 4

⇒ 39

Given:

Speed of boat in still water = 19kmph

Speed of stream = 3kmph

Formula:

Downstream speed = Speed of boat in still water + Speed of stream

Upstream speed = Speed of boat in still water - Speed of stream

Calculation:

Downstream speed = 19 + 3 = 22 kmph

Upstream speed = 19 - 3 = 16kmph

Required time = 88/22 + 24/16 = 4 + 3/2 = 5.5

∴ total time (in hours) taken by the boat to go 88 km downstream and 24 km upstream is 5.5 hours.

Given:

Radius of hemisphere = 6.3 cm

Radius of cylinder = 9 cm

Formula:

Volume of hemisphere = 2/3 × πr³

Volume of cylinder = πr²h

Calculation:

Volume of hemisphere = 2/3 × π × (6.3)³

Volume of cylinder = πh × (9)²

Then,

⇒ 2π/3 × 6.3³ = πh × 9²

⇒ h = 2.058

⇒ h = 2.1 cm(nearest value)

∴ Height of cylinder is 2.1cm

Given:

(sin A - cos A) = 0

Formulae used:

cot A = cos A/sin A

Calculation:

⇒ (sin A - cos A) = 0

⇒ sinA = cosA

∴ cot A = cosA/sinA = 1

Given:

Tap P's 1 hour's work = 1/6

Tap Q's 1 hour's work = 1/10

Calculation:

Tap(P + Q)'s 1 hour's work = 1/6 - 1/10 = 4/60 = 1/15

∴ In 15 hours tank will be full.

Shortcut Trick

⇒ (P + Q)'s combined efficiency = 5 - 3 = 2units/h

⇒ Time is taken to fill tank = 30/2 = 15 h

Given:

Sum = Rs.7000

Rate of interest = 8%

Time = 2 years

Formula:

Let P = Principal, R = rate of interest and N = time

SI = PNR/100

CI = P(1 + R/100)² - P

Calculation:

SI = 7000 × 8 × 2/100 = Rs.1120

Amount after SI = 7000 + 1120 = Rs.8120

CI = 10000(1 + 8/100)² - 10000 = Rs.1664

Amount after CI = 10000 + 1664 = Rs.11664

∴ Total amount after maturity = 8120 + 11664 = Rs.19784

Total interest after 2 years = 1120 + 1664 = Rs.2784

Calculation:

Total amount collected as donation = 6750 × 100/30 = Rs.22500

Percentage amount collected by Primary classes = 18%

∴ Amount collected by Primary classes = 22500 × 18/100 = Rs.4050

Given:

A : B = 11 : 7 and B : C = 5 : 19

Calculation:

A : B = 11 : 7

A : B = 55 : 35

Then,

B : C = 5 : 19

B : C = 35 : 133

∴ A : B : C = 55 : 35 : 133

Given:

Height of equilateral triangle = 3.46cm

Formula:

Side of equilateral triangle = 2/√3 × height

Calculation:

Side of an equilateral triangle = 2/√3 × 3.46 = 4 cm

∴ Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × 4 = 12 cm

Calculation:

Total fuel consumption by various transport = 800 million litres

Fuel consumption by Train sector = 800 × 75/360 = 500/3 million litres

⇒ 0.4 million litre →  1 tonne coal 

⇒ 1 million litre → 1/0.4 tonne coal

⇒ 500/3 million litres → (1/0.4) × 500/3

⇒ 5000/12 = 416.666 ∼ 417 tonne coals

∴ For 500/3 million litres, 417 tonne coals will required.

Calculation:

Number of workers whose household expenditure is less than Rs.200

⇒ 20 + 40 = 60

Number of workers whose household expenditure is Rs. 300 and above

⇒ 34 + 40 + 16 + 10 = 100

∴ The ratio of the number of workers whose household expenditure is less than Rs. 200 to the number of workers whose household expenditure is Rs. 300 and above is

⇒  60 : 100 = 3 : 5

Given:

1/5 of journey = 30kmph

1/4 of journey = 25kmph

(1 - 1/5 - 1/4 = 11/20) of journey = 60kmph

Formula:

Average speed = Total distance/Total time

Calculation:

Let total distance of journey be a km.

Time taken for 1/5 of journey = a/150 hours

Time taken for 1/4 of journey = a/100 hours

Time taken for 11/20 of journey = 11a/1200 hours

Total time taken for a km = a/150 + a/100 + 11a/1200 = 31a/1200 hours

∴ Average speed = a/(31a/1200) = 38.7kmph

Given:

a + b = p, ab = q

Formula:

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

Calculation:

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

p² = (a² + b²) + 2q

(a² + b²) = p² - 2q

Then,

(a⁴ + b⁴) = (a² + b²)² - 2a²b²

= (p² - 2q)² - 2q²

= p⁴ - 4p²q + 2q²

∴ (a⁴ + b⁴) = p⁴ - 4p²q + 2q²

Given:

A = 150/100 × B

B = 40/100 × C

Calculation:

⇒ A + B + C = 20

⇒ 3B/2 + B + 5B/2 = 20

⇒ 10B/2 = 20

⇒ B = 4

⇒ A = 6

⇒ C = 10

∴ 2B + 3C - 4A = 2 × 4 + 3 × 10 - 4 × 6 = 14

Alternate MethodStep 1: Convert the percentage into ratios.

A       B        C

3  :    2

         2    :    5

Step 2: Equalize all three ratios.

A       B        C

3   :   2         2

2       2    :    5

_____________

6   :   4    :   10

3   :   2    :    5

Given, A + B + C = 20

3 + 2 + 5 units --------- 20

10 units -------- 20

1 unit ------2

∴ A = 3 × 2 = 6, B = 2 × 2 = 4, C = 5 × 2 = 10

∴ 2B + 3C - 4A = 2 × 4 + 3 × 10 - 4 × 6 = 14

Given:

Discount % = 20%

Calculation:

Marked price of 12 notebooks = Rs.125

Selling price of 12 notebooks = 125 × 80/100 = Rs.100

Selling price of a notebook = 100/12 = Rs.25/3

∴ Number of notebooks bought for Rs.75 = 75 × 3/25 = 9

Calculation:

Total production of paper of company B in 2014, 2017 and 2018

⇒ 60 + 150 + 180 = 390 lakh tonnes

Average production of paper by company B in 2014, 2017 and 2018

⇒  390/3 = 130 lakh tonnes

Production of company A

⇒ 130 × 100/(100 - 13.25) = 149.85 ≈ 150 lakh tonnes

∴ The average production of paper by company B in 2014, 2017 and 2018 was $13 \frac{1}{4}$ % less than the production of paper by company A in the year 2019.

Given:

$\left( x + \frac{1}{x} \right)^3 = 27,$

$\left( x + \frac{1}{x} \right)$ = $\sqrt[3]{27}$ = 3

Formula:

(a + b) = a² + b² + ab

Calculation:

$\left( x + \frac{1}{x} \right)$ = 3

Squaring both the sides, we get

$\left( x + \frac{1}{x} \right)^2$ = 3²

⇒ $x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} + 2 . x^2.\frac{1}{x^2}$ = 9

⇒ $\left( x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} \right)$ = 9 - 2 = 7

∴ The value of  $\left( x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} \right)$ = 7

Shortcut TrickIf $\left( x + \frac{1}{x} \right)$ = a , then $\left( x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} \right)$ = a² - 2

⇒ $\left( x + \frac{1}{x} \right)$ = 3, then $\left( x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} \right)$ = 3² - 2 = 9 - 2 = 7

Given:

⇒ ? = $\frac{(x^4 + x^2 + 1)}{(x^2 + x + 1)}$

Formula:

a² - b² = (a + b)(a - b)

Calculation:

⇒ ? = (x⁴ + 2x² + 1 - x²)/(x² + x + 1)

⇒ ? = [(x² + 1) - x²]/(x² + x + 1)

⇒ ? = [(x² + 1 - x)(x² + 1 + x)]/(x² + x + 1)

⇒ ? = x² - x + 1

∴ $\frac{(x^4 + x^2 + 1)}{(x^2 + x + 1)}$ = x² - x + 1

The correct answer is plant foods.

Key Points

• Vitamin B12 is generally NOT present in plant foods. 
• Plant-based foods are generally classified into fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds and their derived processed counterparts.
• Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin found in foods such as meat, fish, and dairy.
• It is required for the function and development of many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, and blood cells.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Booting.

Key Points

• Booting is the process of turning on a computer and powering up the system. 
• In other words, it is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer when it is turned on.

Additional Information

• There are two types of Booting-
• Warm Booting
• It is the process of restarting a computer.
• Warm boots are typically initiated by a "Restart" command in the operating system.
• Cold Booting
• It is the process of starting a computer from shutdown or a powerless state and setting it to normal working condition.
• It refers to the general process of starting the hardware components of a computer, laptop, or server to the point that its operating system and all startup applications and services are launched.

The correct answer is Karst.

• Karst plains are formed due to the weathering of soluble rocks such as limestone and dolomite.

Key Points

• Karst is a distinctive topography in which the landscape is largely shaped by the dissolving action of water on carbonate bedrock such as limestone and dolomite, etc.
• When the rain falls through the atmosphere, it picks carbon dioxide which dissolves in the droplets.
• Once the rain hits the ground, it percolates through the soil and picks more carbon dioxide to form a weak solution of carbonic acid.
• The infiltrating water naturally exploits cracks in the rock.
• Over long periods, carbon bedrock begins to dissolve.
• Opening in bedrock increases in size and an underground drainage system begins to develop and allows more water to pass which further accelerates the formation process of karst.
• Some of the landforms develop within the bedrock such as pools, sinkholes, doline, stalactites, stalagmites etc.
• ​​Examples of karst topography:
• Skocjan Caves, Slovenia
• The Puerto Princesa Underground River, Philippines
• Doline in the causse de Sauveterre, Lozere, France
• Li River, Guilin, China

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Maharashtra government unveiled a Braille version of the Constitution of India in January 2021.
• Maharashtra Social Justice Minister-Dhananjay Munde unveiled the Braille version of the Indian Constitution at an event in Mumbai.
• The Braille version of the Constitution has been prepared on behalf of Thane-based NGO Astitva Foundation.
• A valuable work of making available the Indian Constitution in Braille script for the visually impaired has been done.

Additional Information

• The official language of Maharashtra is Marathi.
• Capital: Mumbai.
• State animal: Giant Squirrel.
• State bird: Yellow-footed green pigeon.
• State tree: Mango.
• State flower: Jarul.

The correct answer is Exports become cheaper.

• Exports become cheaper when the Indian rupee is devalued.

Important Points

• Devaluation occurs when a country intentionally reduces the value of its currency relative to one or more foreign countries.
• When the country follows a fixed exchange rate regime the government constantly has to revalue and devalue the currency to maintain the pegged exchange rate.
• When there is upwards market pressure on the currency to appreciate, the central bank will artificially devalue the currency by buying up foreign reserves.
• Devaluation occurs when a government wishes to increase its balance of trade by decreasing the relative value of its currency.
• Since the value of Indian currency decreases, it makes Indian goods cheaper which in turn encourages foreign countries to import more goods from India.
• The foreign countries find it extremely profitable to import goods from India when the INR is devalued, hence, exports become cheaper too.
• In the short term, a devaluation tends to cause inflation, higher growth and increased demand for exports.