DSSSB Assistant Superintendent 2014 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Saina Nehwal.

Key Points

• Saina Nehwal is a renowned Indian badminton player who has represented India on numerous international platforms.
• She is the first Indian badminton player to win an Olympic medal—a bronze at the 2012 London Olympics.
• Saina has won over 24 international titles, including 11 Superseries titles, making her one of the most successful Indian badminton players.
• She held the World No. 1 ranking in badminton in 2015, becoming the first Indian woman to achieve this milestone.
• She has received several prestigious awards, including the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, and Padma Bhushan, for her contributions to Indian sports.

Additional Information

• Ajit Singh
• Ajit Singh is a political figure in India, primarily known for his contributions to Indian politics rather than sports.
• He is the founder of the Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD), a political party based in Uttar Pradesh.
• He has served as the Union Minister for Agriculture and has played significant roles in national governance, but he is not related to sports.
• Kim Jong-un
• Kim Jong-un is the Supreme Leader of North Korea, known for his political and military leadership.
• He is not associated with sports but is widely recognized for his role in global politics and governance.
• Under his leadership, North Korea has focused on military advancements, including nuclear weapon programs, rather than sports initiatives.
• Charles Correa
• Charles Correa was a renowned Indian architect and urban planner, famous for his modernist architectural designs.
• He contributed significantly to urban development and affordable housing projects in India.
• Although his work is globally acclaimed in architecture and design, he has no connection to sports.

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• Yoshihiko Noda was the Prime Minister of Japan from September 2011 to December 2012.
• He succeeded Naoto Kan and was the 95th Prime Minister of Japan.
• During his tenure, Noda emphasized fiscal discipline and took measures to tackle Japan's mounting public debt.
• He was a member of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), which was in power at that time.
• His government focused on rebuilding Japan's economy post the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, which led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Additional Information

• South Korea:
• South Korea is a democratic republic governed by a president, and the current president (as of 2023) is Yoon Suk-yeol.
• South Korea is known for its rapid economic growth and technological advancements, including global brands like Samsung and Hyundai.
• Its capital is Seoul, and the country shares a heavily militarized border with North Korea.
• North Korea:
• North Korea is a communist dictatorship led by Kim Jong-un since 2011.
• The country follows a state-controlled economy and remains isolated from the global community due to its nuclear weapons program.
• Its capital is Pyongyang, and it is officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK).
• Myanmar:
• Myanmar, also known as Burma, has faced political instability, including military rule and civil unrest.
• Its capital is Naypyidaw, and the country has a rich cultural heritage influenced by Buddhism.
• In recent years, Myanmar has been in the news for the Rohingya crisis and issues of human rights violations.

The correct answer is Rubber goods.

Key Points

• Dunlop is an internationally recognized brand primarily associated with rubber products, including tires, footwear, and sports goods.
• The brand was founded in the late 19th century by John Boyd Dunlop, who invented the pneumatic tire.
• Dunlop has expanded its product range over the years, but its core association remains with rubber-based goods, such as automotive tires and sports equipment.
• The name "Dunlop" is synonymous with quality and innovation in the rubber goods industry.
• Globally, Dunlop is also known for its contribution to sports, particularly in producing tennis, squash, and golf equipment made with rubber and other materials.

Additional Information

• Wool:
• Wool is a natural fiber obtained from animals, primarily sheep, and is widely used in the textile industry for making garments, blankets, and upholstery.
• It is known for its insulating properties, making it ideal for cold-weather clothing.
• Common wool brands include Merino and Cashmere.
• Chocolate:
• Chocolate is a confectionery product made from cocoa beans, sugar, and milk solids.
• Brands like Cadbury, Nestle, and Hershey dominate the chocolate market.
• Shoe Polish:
• Shoe polish is a substance used to shine, waterproof, and restore the appearance of leather footwear.
• Brands like Kiwi and Cherry Blossom are well-known in this domain.

The correct answer is Lisbon.

Key Points

• Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal, located in the western Iberian Peninsula along the Atlantic Ocean and the Tagus River.
• It is one of the oldest cities in the world and the second-oldest European capital after Athens, with a history dating back to 1200 BC.
• Lisbon serves as the political, economic, and cultural hub of Portugal, hosting key government institutions, international embassies, and vibrant cultural landmarks.
• Key attractions in Lisbon include the Belem Tower, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the Jerónimos Monastery, showcasing Portugal’s maritime history.
• The city is also famous for its iconic yellow trams, historic neighborhoods like Alfama, and its unique blend of modern and traditional architecture.

Additional Information

• Prague
• Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic and is known as the "City of a Hundred Spires" due to its stunning Gothic and Baroque architecture.
• It is renowned for landmarks like the Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, and the Old Town Square.
• Prague is located in Central Europe and is famous for its rich cultural history and vibrant arts scene.
• Kabul
• Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, situated in the eastern part of the country.
• It is one of the highest capitals in the world, located at an elevation of about 1,800 meters (5,900 feet).
• Kabul has been a center of trade and culture for centuries and is known for its historic sites such as the Bala Hissar Fort and Babur’s Garden.
• Tripoli
• Tripoli is the capital of Libya and is located in North Africa along the Mediterranean coastline.
• The city is historically significant as it was founded by the Phoenicians and later became part of the Roman Empire.
• Tripoli is known for its ancient medina, Ottoman-era architecture, and the Red Castle Museum.

The correct answer is Congress.

Key Points

• The United States legislature is called Congress, which is a bicameral institution consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
• Congress is responsible for making federal laws, declaring war, regulating interstate and foreign commerce, and controlling taxation and government spending.
• The Senate is composed of 100 members, with two senators from each state, while the House of Representatives has 435 members, apportioned based on the population of each state.
• The U.S. Constitution established Congress in Article I, Section 1, stating that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States."
• Congress is a vital part of the federal government, ensuring a balance of power and representation for all states in the United States.

Additional Information

• Diet:
• The term "Diet" refers to the legislature in countries like Japan. In Japan, it is known as the National Diet.
• The National Diet is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives (lower house) and the House of Councillors (upper house).
• The Diet is responsible for enacting laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the executive branch in Japan.
• Bundestag:
• The Bundestag is the federal parliament of Germany and is one of the two legislative chambers in the country, the other being the Bundesrat.
• It is responsible for enacting laws, electing the Chancellor, and overseeing the federal government.
• The Bundestag is composed of members elected by the German public through a mixed-member proportional representation system.
• Yuan:
• The term "Yuan" refers to the National People's Congress (NPC) in China, which is the country's national legislature.
• The NPC is a unicameral body and is the highest organ of state power in China.
• It is responsible for amending the Constitution, enacting laws, and overseeing the work of the State Council and other state organs.

The correct answer is Congress.

Key Points

• The legislature of the United States of America is officially known as the United States Congress.
• The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate.
• It was established under Article I of the United States Constitution in 1789 and is located in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.
• Congress is responsible for making federal laws, regulating interstate and foreign commerce, declaring war, and controlling the federal budget.
• The Senate consists of 100 members (two from each state), while the House of Representatives has 435 members based on population distribution.
• Members of Congress are elected by citizens, with House representatives serving for two years and Senators serving for six years.

Additional Information

• Diet:
• The term “Diet” refers to the legislature in Japan, officially known as the National Diet.
• It is a bicameral body comprising the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.
• The National Diet was established under the Constitution of Japan in 1947.
• The Diet is responsible for enacting laws, approving budgets, and ratifying treaties, as well as selecting the Prime Minister.
• Bundest:
• “Bundest” refers to the Bundestag, which is the federal legislature in Germany.
• The Bundestag is the lower house of Germany’s parliament, while the Bundesrat (Federal Council) serves as the upper house.
• It was created in 1949, following the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).
• The Bundestag is responsible for passing federal laws, electing the Chancellor, and overseeing the government.
• Yuan:
• The term “Yuan” refers to the National People's Congress (NPC) in China.
• The NPC is the largest legislative body in the world and serves as the unicameral legislature of the People’s Republic of China.
• It was established in 1954, under the Constitution of China.
• The NPC is responsible for amending the constitution, enacting laws, and overseeing the implementation of laws and policies.

The correct answer is Bharat Nirman.

Key Points

• Bharat Nirman is a flagship program of the Government of India that focuses on strengthening and developing rural infrastructure across the country.
• This scheme was launched in 2005-06 and encompasses six critical areas of rural infrastructure development: irrigation, rural roads, rural housing, rural water supply, rural electrification, and rural telecommunication connectivity.
• The program aimed to provide basic amenities to rural populations and bridge the rural-urban divide in terms of infrastructure and services.
• Under Bharat Nirman, specific targets were set, such as providing all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages, electrifying all villages, and ensuring safe drinking water supply and housing for the rural poor.
• The scheme played a pivotal role in improving the quality of life in rural areas, driving economic growth, and ensuring inclusivity in infrastructure development.

Additional Information

• MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act):
• MNREGA, launched in 2005, aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
• The scheme also promotes the creation of durable assets such as roads, canals, ponds, and wells in rural areas.
• It is a demand-driven scheme and plays a significant role in providing social security and reducing rural-urban migration.
• ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists):
• ASHA is a community health worker program under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), launched in 2005.
• It aims to provide healthcare services at the grassroots level by recruiting and training women from rural communities.
• ASHA workers play a crucial role in promoting maternal and child health, immunization, and health education in rural areas.
• Operation Blackboard:
• Launched in 1987, Operation Blackboard aimed to improve the quality of primary education in India by providing minimum essential facilities to all primary schools.
• The scheme focused on ensuring the availability of teachers, blackboards, teaching aids, and other basic infrastructure in schools.
• It played a vital role in addressing the challenges of access and quality in primary education, especially in rural areas.

The correct answer is Yen.

Key Points

• The Yen is the official currency of Japan and is denoted by the symbol ¥.
• The Yen is one of the most traded currencies globally, alongside the US Dollar and the Euro.
• Introduced in 1871, the Yen replaced older regional currencies and was part of Japan's modernization efforts during the Meiji era.
• Its ISO currency code is JPY, and the Bank of Japan is responsible for issuing and regulating the Yen.
• Japan's economy is export-driven, making the Yen an important currency in global trade and finance.

Additional Information

• Jen 
• There is no official currency named "Jen." This option is incorrect and may be a spelling variation intended to confuse.
• The correct spelling is "Yen," which is the internationally recognized currency of Japan.
• Yuan 
• Yuan (symbol: ¥) is the official currency of China, also known as the Renminbi (RMB).
• While the Yuan is used in day-to-day transactions, Renminbi is the official term for China's currency.
• The People's Bank of China manages the Yuan, and its ISO currency code is CNY.
• Rouble 
• The Rouble, also spelled Ruble, is the official currency of Russia and Belarus.
• The Russian Rouble is denoted by the symbol ₽, and its ISO currency code is RUB.
• The currency has a long history and is one of the oldest currencies still in use today.

The correct answer is Lufthansa.

Key Points

• Lufthansa is a German airline and the largest airline in Europe in terms of fleet size.
• It is headquartered in Cologne, Germany, and operates worldwide, providing passenger and cargo transport services.
• Lufthansa is not a banking or finance company; it is part of the aviation industry.
• The airline is known for its premium services, extensive flight network, and being a founding member of the Star Alliance group.
• While the name might seem unfamiliar in financial contexts, Lufthansa exclusively operates in the aviation and travel sector.

Additional Information

• Thomas Cook
• Thomas Cook is a travel and financial services company that provides foreign exchange and travel-related financial services globally.
• The company was established in 1841 and is headquartered in the United Kingdom.
• Although it primarily operates in the travel sector, it also offers financial solutions such as prepaid cards and foreign currency exchange.
• Barclay
• Barclay is a leading global financial institution headquartered in London, UK.
• It provides banking services, including retail banking, corporate banking, investment management, and wealth management.
• Barclay is renowned for its innovation in financial services and extensive global presence.
• American Express
• American Express is a multinational financial services corporation headquartered in New York City, USA.
• It is widely recognized for its credit card services, travel-related financial services, and charge cards.
• American Express focuses on providing premium services to its customers, including rewards programs and travel benefits.

The correct answer is Knot.

Key Points

• The knot is a unit of speed used in maritime and aviation industries to measure the velocity of ships and aircraft.
• One knot is equal to one nautical mile per hour, which is approximately 1.852 kilometers per hour (km/h).
• The term "knot" originated from the traditional practice of measuring a ship's speed using a log line—a rope with knots tied at regular intervals.
• Nautical miles are used in navigation because they are based on the Earth's circumference and latitude, making them more accurate for global travel.
• Knot is widely adopted in the maritime and aviation sectors as it simplifies calculations for navigation and distance.

Additional Information

• Kilometre
• A kilometre (km) is a unit of distance in the metric system and is equal to 1,000 meters.
• It is commonly used for measuring distances on land, such as the distance between cities or within a country.
• Unlike knots, kilometres are not typically used in maritime or aviation contexts.
• Horsepower
• Horsepower (hp) is a unit of power that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
• It is used to quantify the power output of engines, including those in ships, but it does not measure speed.
• One metric horsepower is approximately equal to 735.5 watts.
• Coulomb
• The coulomb (C) is a unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).
• It is defined as the amount of charge transported by a current of one ampere in one second.
• Coulombs have no relation to speed or navigation; they are used in the study of electricity and magnetism.

The correct answer is Jan 30.

Key Points

• Martyrs' Day is observed on January 30th every year in India to honor the sacrifices of those who gave their lives for the nation.
• It is observed to commemorate the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, who was shot dead on January 30, 1948.
• This day serves as a reminder of the values of non-violence, truth, and peace that Gandhi advocated throughout his life.
• On this day, the President, Prime Minister, and other dignitaries pay homage at Raj Ghat, New Delhi, where Gandhi's memorial is located.
• A two-minute silence is observed nationwide at 11:00 AM to pay respect to the martyrs who sacrificed their lives for India's freedom and democracy.

Additional Information

• Thu May 01 2025:
• May 1st is celebrated as International Workers’ Day or Labour Day globally, including in India.
• It honors the contributions of workers and laborers to society and signifies the importance of labor rights and fair working conditions.
• It is not related to Martyrs' Day in India.
• Fri Oct 24 2025: 
• October 24th is observed as United Nations Day, commemorating the establishment of the United Nations in 1945.
• It is not a date recognized for Martyrs’ Day in India.
• Martyrs’ Day in India:
• Besides January 30th, March 23rd is also observed as Martyrs' Day in India to honor the execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev in 1931.
• Martyrs' Day is a solemn occasion to reflect on the sacrifices made by freedom fighters for India's independence and sovereignty.

The correct answer is AXIS Bank.

Key Points

• The erstwhile UTI Bank was rebranded as AXIS Bank in 2007.
• UTI Bank was established in 1993 as a joint venture among Unit Trust of India (UTI), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), and General Insurance Corporation (GIC).
• The decision to rename UTI Bank to AXIS Bank was made to create a stronger independent brand identity and avoid confusion with other entities using the "UTI" name.
• AXIS Bank is one of India’s largest private-sector banks, offering a range of financial services, including retail banking, corporate banking, and wealth management.
• The bank has its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and operates across India and internationally in countries like Singapore, Dubai, and Hong Kong.

Additional Information

• ING Vysya Bank
• ING Vysya Bank was an Indian private-sector bank that merged with Kotak Mahindra Bank in 2015.
• It was formed in 2002 after the acquisition of Vysya Bank by the Dutch multinational ING Group.
• The merger with Kotak Mahindra Bank created one of the largest private-sector banks in India.
• United India Bank
• There is no entity called "United India Bank" in the Indian banking sector.
• The term might be confused with "United Bank of India," which was a public-sector bank that merged with Punjab National Bank (PNB) in April 2020 as part of the Government of India’s banking consolidation initiative.

The correct answer is rise a little higher.

Key Points

• When a ship moves from fresh water to sea water, it experiences an increase in buoyant force due to the higher density of sea water compared to fresh water.
• Sea water has a greater density (approximately 1025 kg/m³) than fresh water (approximately 1000 kg/m³), resulting in greater upward buoyancy.
• The ship displaces a smaller volume of sea water to balance its weight, causing it to rise slightly higher in sea water compared to fresh water.
• This phenomenon is based on Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
• The change in the ship's position demonstrates the relationship between fluid density and buoyancy, a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics.

Additional Information

• Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle
• Archimedes' principle is a scientific law stating that any object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
• Buoyancy depends on the density of the fluid and the volume of the object submerged.
• Sea water's higher density results in a greater buoyant force, causing objects like ships to float higher compared to fresh water.

The correct answer is help keeping inside cooler in summer and warmer in winter.

Key Points

• Hollow bricks have air cavities that act as insulators, reducing heat transfer between the exterior and interior of a building.
• They help maintain indoor temperatures, keeping the house cooler during summer and warmer during winter.
• The thermal conductivity of hollow bricks is lower than that of solid bricks, making them energy-efficient for temperature control.
• Hollow bricks also reduce energy consumption by minimizing the need for air conditioning or heating systems.
• These bricks are eco-friendly and often made from recycled materials, contributing to sustainable construction practices.

Additional Information

• Thermal Insulation in Building Materials
• Thermal insulation is a critical aspect of modern construction to improve energy efficiency and maintain comfort inside buildings.
• Materials like hollow bricks, insulated panels, and double-glazed windows are widely used for reducing heat transfer.
• The adoption of energy-efficient building materials aligns with global sustainability goals and reduces carbon footprints.

The correct answer is Air.

Key Points

• Air, being a gas, has the highest coefficient of expansion compared to liquids and solids when heated.
• When air is heated, its molecules move faster and spread apart, resulting in significant expansion due to increased kinetic energy.
• Gases like air are more compressible and less dense, making them expand more prominently under heat compared to liquids (e.g., water, alcohol) or solids (e.g., glass).
• The principle of thermal expansion of air is widely observed in phenomena such as hot air rising or the operation of hot air balloons.
• Among the given options, air is the least dense and has the least intermolecular forces, allowing for maximum expansion upon heating.

Additional Information

• Water:
• Water exhibits anomalous expansion behavior, meaning it expands when cooled from 4°C to 0°C instead of contracting like most substances.
• Upon heating above 4°C, water expands, but the degree of expansion is much smaller than that of air.
• This unique property of water is vital for aquatic life, as it allows ice to float on water, providing insulation to organisms below.
• Alcohol:
• Alcohol expands more than water when heated, as it has weaker intermolecular forces.
• It is commonly used in thermometers due to its higher thermal expansion coefficient compared to water.
• However, its expansion is still significantly less than that of air.
• Glass:
• Glass is a solid and has a very low thermal expansion coefficient compared to liquids and gases.
• When heated, glass expands slightly, but rapid heating or uneven heating can cause it to crack due to thermal stress.
• Special types of glass, such as borosilicate glass (used in laboratory glassware), are designed to withstand thermal expansion better.

The correct answer is Jnanpith Award.

Key Points

• The Jnanpith Award is one of the highest literary honors in India, recognizing excellence in the field of literature.
• It was instituted in 1961 by the Bharatiya Jnanpith trust to honor Indian authors for their outstanding contributions to literature in any of the 22 scheduled languages listed in the Indian Constitution.
• The award includes a cash prize, a citation, and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of wisdom and knowledge.
• Renowned authors such as G. Sankara Kurup (Malayalam, 1965), U.R. Ananthamurthy (Kannada, 1994), and Amitav Ghosh (English, 2018) are among the recipients of this prestigious award.
• The Jnanpith Award symbolizes the celebration of India's rich literary heritage and the remarkable contributions of its authors in fostering cultural and intellectual growth.

Additional Information

• Dhanwantri Award
• This award is not related to literature but is associated with excellence in the field of medical sciences.
• Named after Dhanwantri, the Hindu god of Ayurveda, it honors individuals for their contributions to the field of medicine and healthcare.
• Arjun Award
• The Arjun Award is one of the most prestigious sports awards in India.
• It was instituted in 1961 to recognize outstanding achievements in the field of sports.
• Winners receive a bronze statue of Arjuna, a certificate, and a cash prize.
• It is specifically aimed at encouraging athletes to strive for excellence in their respective sports.
• Borlaug Award
• The Borlaug Award is named after Nobel laureate Dr. Norman Borlaug, known as the "Father of the Green Revolution."
• This award recognizes exceptional contributions in the field of agriculture and food security.
• It aims to honor individuals who have made significant advancements in increasing agricultural productivity and reducing hunger.

The correct answer is Devika Rani.

Key Points

• Devika Rani was the first recipient of the prestigious Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1969.
• She is widely recognized as the "First Lady of Indian Cinema" for her groundbreaking contributions to Indian film.
• Devika Rani was the co-founder of Bombay Talkies, a pioneering film studio established in 1934.
• Her notable performances include films like "Achhut Kanya" (1936) and "Jeevan Naiya" (1936), which addressed social issues and were pathbreaking for their time.
• She was awarded the Dada Saheb Phalke Award for her lifetime contribution to Indian cinema, setting a benchmark for excellence.

Additional Information

• Kanan Devi
• Kanan Devi was one of the first Bengali actresses to gain prominence in Indian cinema, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s.
• She was associated with New Theatres Studio, where she starred in iconic films such as "Mukti" (1937) and "Vidya" (1943).
• Kanan Devi was also a playback singer and contributed significantly to the evolution of Bengali film music.
• She received the Padma Shri in 1968 for her contribution to Indian cinema.
• Prithviraj Kapoor
• Prithviraj Kapoor was a legendary actor and theatre personality who founded Prithvi Theatre in 1944.
• He is considered a pioneer in Indian cinema, appearing in milestone films like "Alam Ara" (1931), the first Indian talkie, and "Mughal-e-Azam" (1960).
• Prithviraj Kapoor was posthumously awarded the Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1971.
• He is the patriarch of the Kapoor family, a dynasty that has significantly influenced Bollywood for decades.
• B.N. Sarkar
• B.N. Sarkar was a prominent filmmaker and producer associated with the New Theatres Studio in Kolkata.
• He contributed to the development of Indian cinema by producing classic films such as "Devdas" (1935) and "Chandidas" (1932).
• Sarkar played a critical role in promoting Bengali cinema and nurturing talents like P.C. Barua and K.L. Saigal.
• Although he did not receive the Dada Saheb Phalke Award, his contributions to Indian cinema remain noteworthy.

Important Points

• Dada Saheb Phalke Award
• Instituted in 1969, the Dada Saheb Phalke Award is India's highest honor in cinema.
• It is named after Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian cinema, who directed India's first feature film, "Raja Harishchandra" (1913).
• The award is presented annually by the Indian government for lifetime contributions to the growth and development of Indian cinema.
• The recipient is honored with a Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) medallion, a shawl, and a cash prize.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) meets once a year in a regular session starting in September and continuing until December.
• The regular session of the UNGA commences on the third Tuesday of September every year, and it is held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.
• During this annual session, all 193 member states of the United Nations are represented, and each member state has one vote.
• While the annual session is the primary meeting, the UNGA can also convene special sessions or emergency special sessions as required to address urgent global issues.
• The UNGA plays a pivotal role in decision-making related to international peace, security, human rights, and development, serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the United Nations.

Additional Information

• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, established in 1945 under the UN Charter.
• It serves as the main deliberative body where all member states have equal representation, with one vote per country.
• Its powers include overseeing the budget of the UN, appointing non-permanent members to the Security Council, and making recommendations on international issues within its scope.
• The UNGA also provides a platform for member states to discuss and collaborate on solutions to global challenges such as poverty, climate change, health crises, and conflicts.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Bihu is a traditional folk dance originating from the Indian state of Assam.
• It is performed during the Rongali Bihu festival, which marks the Assamese New Year and the arrival of spring.
• The dance is characterized by energetic and rhythmic movements that reflect the joy and celebration of the harvest season.
• Both men and women participate in the dance, wearing traditional Assamese attire like the Mekhela Chador for women and dhoti for men.
• The accompanying music often features traditional Assamese instruments such as the Pepa, Dhol, Gogona, and Taal.

Additional Information

• Tamil Nadu :
• Tamil Nadu is known for its classical dance form called Bharatanatyam, which is one of the oldest classical dance traditions in India.
• Bharatanatyam combines expressive gestures (mudras), intricate footwork, and storytelling through dance.
• Kerala :
• Kerala is famous for its classical dance forms such as Mohiniyattam and Kathakali.
• Mohiniyattam is known for its graceful and feminine movements, while Kathakali is characterized by its elaborate costumes, makeup, and storytelling.
• Odisha :
• Odisha is renowned for Odissi, one of the classical dance forms of India.
• Odissi is known for its fluid movements, sculpturesque poses, and devotional themes.

The correct answer is László Bíró.

Key Points

• László Bíró, a Hungarian-Argentine journalist and inventor, is credited with inventing the ball-point pen in 1938.
• The invention was inspired by observing how quick-drying ink used in newspapers could be adapted to flow smoothly from a pen.
• Bíró patented the ball-point pen in 1938 and later licensed it to produce commercial pens.
• The ball-point pen was revolutionary because it used a ball-bearing mechanism to dispense ink evenly, avoiding smudges and leaks.
• This invention became widely popular, especially during World War II, when pilots used ball-point pens as fountain pens were prone to ink leakage at high altitudes.

Additional Information

• Newton
• Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who is widely recognized for his laws of motion and universal gravitation.
• He made significant contributions to optics, calculus, and mechanics, but he did not invent the ball-point pen.
• Curie
• Marie Curie was a physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
• She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and is associated with the discovery of radium and polonium, not the invention of the ball-point pen.
• Baird
• John Logie Baird was a Scottish inventor best known for creating the first working television system.
• While he played a crucial role in the development of television technology, he was not involved in the invention of the ball-point pen.

The correct answer is Kanishka.

Key Points

• The Gandhara School of Art flourished during the reign of Kanishka, the great ruler of the Kushan dynasty.
• It is known for blending Indian and Greco-Roman artistic styles, resulting in unique sculptures and architectural designs.
• The art style is particularly famous for creating Buddhist images and stupas, characterized by realistic human figures and intricate details.
• Major centers of Gandhara art were located in regions like Taxila and Peshawar, which were part of Kanishka's empire.
• Kanishka's patronage of Buddhism played a significant role in the development of Gandhara art, as many works depicted Buddhist themes such as the life of Buddha.

Additional Information

• Ashoka:
• Ashoka was a Mauryan emperor who played a key role in spreading Buddhism across India and other parts of Asia.
• He is known for the construction of stupas and inscriptions on rock edicts, showcasing his efforts to propagate Buddhist values.
• The art under Ashoka’s reign primarily belonged to the Mauryan style, which focused on polished stone pillars and sculptures.
• However, the Gandhara School of Art developed much later during the Kushan period.
• Chandragupta:
• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan dynasty, and his reign was marked by political consolidation rather than artistic development.
• The art during his period was influenced by Persian styles, particularly in palace architecture and urban planning.
• Gandhara art emerged centuries after Chandragupta’s rule, under the Kushans.
• Harsha:
• Harsha was a ruler of the Vardhana dynasty, known for his patronage of art, literature, and Buddhism.
• Although his reign saw artistic advancements, the Gandhara School of Art had already declined by his time.
• Harsha’s contributions were more focused on the revival of Indian traditions and Buddhist teachings rather than Greco-Roman artistic influences.

The correct answer is USA.

Key Points

• NASA stands for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is the space agency of the United States of America.
• It was established on July 29, 1958, by the National Aeronautics and Space Act, replacing the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).
• NASA is responsible for the civilian space program, aeronautics research, and space exploration conducted by the United States.
• The headquarters of NASA is located in Washington, D.C., and it operates various field centers across the country, such as the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and Johnson Space Center in Texas.
• NASA has been at the forefront of space exploration, launching key programs like the Apollo missions, the Space Shuttle Program, the Mars rover missions, and collaborations on the International Space Station (ISS).

Additional Information

• UK:
• The United Kingdom is represented in space-related activities by the UK Space Agency, which was established in 2010.
• The UK Space Agency focuses on satellite technology, space science, and international collaborations, but it does not have a dedicated space exploration program like NASA.
• It works closely with the European Space Agency (ESA) and other international partners.
• Russia:
• Russia’s space agency is known as Roscosmos (Russian Federal Space Agency).
• Roscosmos is renowned for its significant contributions to space exploration, including the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, and the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin.
• Russia continues to play a leading role in space exploration and operates the Soyuz spacecraft for crewed missions.
• Japan:
• Japan’s space agency is called JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency).
• JAXA focuses on satellite technology, lunar exploration, and planetary missions, such as the Hayabusa spacecraft's asteroid sample return mission.
• Japan is an important partner in international space projects, including the ISS.

The correct answer is WikiLeaks.

Key Points

• WikiLeaks, a non-profit organization, is known for publishing classified and sensitive documents from governments and corporations worldwide.
• In 2011, WikiLeaks published U.S. diplomatic cables that revealed allegations of bribes paid to MPs in India during the 2008 trust vote for the UPA government.
• The revelations were part of leaked communications between U.S. diplomats and their Indian counterparts, shedding light on the alleged cash-for-votes scandal.
• The trust vote was conducted in July 2008 after the Left parties withdrew support from the UPA government over the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal.
• WikiLeaks' disclosure highlighted allegations of corruption and bribery, causing significant political controversy in India at the time.

Additional Information

• Facebook
• Facebook is a social media platform founded by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004.
• It connects people globally and allows users to share posts, images, videos, and engage in discussions.
• It has not been involved in publishing classified government documents or leaks.
• Facebook's primary role is social networking rather than investigative journalism or whistleblowing.
• Twitter
• Twitter is a microblogging platform launched in 2006 by Jack Dorsey and others.
• It allows users to post short messages called tweets, fostering real-time discussions and trends.
• While Twitter has been a platform for sharing news and opinions, it does not publish classified government documents.
• It serves as a medium for public debate rather than a source of investigative leaks.
• Google
• Google, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, is primarily a search engine and tech company.
• It provides services like Gmail, Google Maps, YouTube, and Google Drive, among others.
• Google does not operate as a whistleblowing organization or a platform for leaking classified information.
• Its primary focus is on information retrieval and technological innovation rather than investigative reporting.

The correct answer is produce ultrasonic waves.

Key Points

• Bats use a technique called echolocation to navigate and hunt in the dark. They emit ultrasonic waves, which are sound waves with frequencies higher than the human hearing range (greater than 20,000 Hz).
• These ultrasonic waves bounce off objects and return to the bats as echoes, allowing them to determine the location, size, shape, and even texture of objects in their surroundings.
• This ability to use sound for navigation makes them highly effective hunters, especially in complete darkness.
• Many species of bats have specialized adaptations, such as highly sensitive ears, to detect even faint echoes effectively.
• Echolocation is an evolutionary adaptation that enables bats to thrive in low-light or no-light environments, where vision alone would be insufficient for survival.

Additional Information

• Echolocation is not exclusive to bats; it is also used by other animals like dolphins and certain species of birds.
• Bats produce ultrasonic waves by contracting their larynx or through specialized structures in their mouths or noses, depending on the species.
• The study of echolocation has inspired technological advancements, such as sonar systems used in submarines.

The correct answer is as a defence against infection.

Key Points

• White blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a crucial part of the body’s immune system and act as a defense mechanism against infections, diseases, and foreign invaders.
• WBCs identify and neutralize harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites through processes like phagocytosis (engulfing and digesting pathogens).
• They produce antibodies and other immune responses that help in recognizing and targeting specific infections.
• The five main types of WBCs are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each specialized to handle different types of infections or immune challenges.
• The normal WBC count in the human body ranges between 4,000 and 11,000 per microliter of blood. A higher count often indicates an active infection or inflammation in the body.

Additional Information

• White Blood Cells (WBCs)
• Function: Immune defense (fight infection, destroy pathogens, create antibodies).
• Key Component: Antibodies, MHC markers.
• Structure: Irregular shape, have a nucleus, colorless.
• Abundance: Lower count (thousands per microliter).
• Lifespan: Varies (e.g., neutrophils live less than a day).
• Types: Neutrophils, lymphocytes (T & B cells), monocytes, eosinophils, basophils.

The correct answer is Tejas.

Key Points

• Tejas is an indigenously developed light combat aircraft (LCA) by India, designed and manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
• It is a fourth-generation, single-engine, multi-role supersonic fighter aircraft primarily developed for the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Navy.
• The Tejas was developed under the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme initiated by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and HAL.
• The aircraft features advanced avionics, a fly-by-wire flight control system, and modern weapons systems, making it a versatile and efficient fighter jet.
• It was officially inducted into the Indian Air Force as part of the No. 45 Squadron "Flying Daggers" in July 2016.

Additional Information

• Akash
• Akash is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• It is designed to provide air defense against aerial threats such as fighter jets, missiles, and drones.
• The missile is capable of engaging multiple targets simultaneously and has a range of about 25-30 kilometers.
• It is equipped with a high-tech radar system for target tracking and guidance.
• Vikrant
• INS Vikrant is India's first indigenously built aircraft carrier, developed by the Cochin Shipyard Limited.
• It is part of the Indian Navy's modernization initiative to enhance its maritime capabilities.
• The carrier was commissioned into the Indian Navy on September 2, 2022, and has a capacity to carry around 30 aircraft, including MiG-29K fighter jets and helicopters.
• Arjun
• Arjun is a third-generation main battle tank (MBT) developed by the DRDO for the Indian Army.
• The tank is equipped with advanced weaponry, including a 120mm rifled gun, and has superior firepower, mobility, and protection features.
• It is designed for modern armored warfare and has been inducted into the Indian Army in various variants, such as the Arjun Mk-1 and Mk-1A.

The correct answer is Puducherry.

Key Points

• Mahe is a small town located on the Malabar Coast in Kerala but administratively belongs to the Union Territory of Puducherry.
• Mahe became part of Puducherry due to its historical association with French colonial rule, alongside other territories like Karaikal, Yanam, and Puducherry.
• Despite being geographically surrounded by Kerala, Mahe retains its identity as a Puducherry enclave due to its French colonial heritage.
• The languages spoken in Mahe include Malayalam, Tamil, and French, reflecting its unique cultural and colonial history.
• Mahe is known for its serene backwaters, beaches, and colonial architecture, making it a popular tourist destination in the region.

Additional Information

• Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu is a southern Indian state known for its Dravidian culture, temples, and historical significance.
• It is geographically close to Puducherry but does not include Mahe as its territory.
• Important cities in Tamil Nadu include Chennai, Coimbatore, and Madurai, which are hubs of economic and cultural activities.
• The state is recognized for its rich history, classical music, Bharatanatyam dance, and Tamil literature.
• Maharashtra
• Maharashtra is a western Indian state and does not share any territorial or cultural connection with Mahe.
• It is home to Mumbai, India's financial capital, and Pune, a major educational and IT hub.
• The state is known for its Maratha history, forts, and natural attractions like the Western Ghats.
• Languages spoken include Marathi, Hindi, and English, reflecting its cosmopolitan nature.
• Kerala
• Kerala surrounds Mahe geographically but does not administratively include it as part of its territory.
• Known for its lush greenery, backwaters, Ayurveda, and high literacy rate, Kerala is a prominent southern Indian state.
• The cultural and linguistic connection between Mahe and Kerala is significant, with Malayalam being the predominant language.
• Important cities in Kerala include Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, and Kozhikode, which serve as hubs for trade, tourism, and governance.

Important Points

• Puducherry
• Puducherry is a Union Territory of India consisting of four districts: Puducherry, Karaikal, Yanam, and Mahe.
• It was a French colony until 1954, and its French cultural influence is evident in its architecture and cuisine.
• Puducherry is known for its serene beaches, French-style avenues, and spiritual centers like Auroville and Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
• Its administrative structure as a Union Territory allows the local government to function under the supervision of the central government.

The correct answer is Between 6 and 14 years.

Key Points

• The Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, provides free and compulsory education to children aged 6 to 14 years in India.
• This Act mandates that every child in this age group has the right to full-time elementary education in a formal school that complies with essential quality norms.
• Under the RTE Act, schools are required to reserve at least 25% of their seats for children from disadvantaged sections of society.
• The Act applies to all states and union territories in India, ensuring inclusion and equal opportunities in education for all children.
• The RTE Act is aligned with Article 21A of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the fundamental right to education.

Additional Information

• Right to Education Act
• The RTE Act was enacted by the Government of India in August 2009 and came into effect on 1 April 2010.
• The Act promotes inclusivity by ensuring education access for children from marginalized communities, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and economically weaker sections.
• It also emphasizes the importance of infrastructure, qualified teachers, and proper learning materials to provide quality education.
• The Act prohibits discrimination, corporal punishment, and mental harassment in schools.

The correct answer is Shahjahan.

Key Points

• Shahjahan, the Mughal emperor, was placed under house arrest by his son, Aurangzeb, in 1658 after a power struggle for the throne.
• Shahjahan spent the last eight years of his life in captivity in Agra's Red Fort, where he was confined to a small section of the fort.
• His captivity was marked by his longing to see the Taj Mahal, built by him in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, which he could view from his prison chambers.
• Shahjahan died in captivity in 1666, and his body was buried next to Mumtaz Mahal in the Taj Mahal.
• This act by Aurangzeb highlights the intense familial and political conflicts within the Mughal dynasty during its later years.

Additional Information

• Akbar :
• Akbar, known as Akbar the Great, ruled the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605.
• He was famous for his religious tolerance, administrative reforms, and the establishment of a centralized government.
• Akbar was never imprisoned or subjected to captivity by his family members.
• Aurangzeb :
• Aurangzeb ruled the Mughal Empire from 1658 to 1707 and was known for his expansionist policies and orthodox Islamic practices.
• He was responsible for imprisoning his father, Shahjahan, during the succession struggle.
• Aurangzeb's reign marked the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire due to his rigid policies and prolonged wars.
• Jahangir :
• Jahangir, the fourth Mughal emperor, ruled from 1605 to 1627 and was known for his interest in art and architecture.
• He faced challenges from his son, Khusrau Mirza, but Jahangir was never imprisoned or held captive.
• Jahangir’s reign was marked by relative stability and patronage of the arts.

The correct answer is Injunction.

Key Points

• An injunction is not a writ provided under the Constitution of India; it is a remedy provided under civil law through the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) or specific statutes.
• The Constitution of India primarily provides for five writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.
• An injunction is a judicial order restraining a person from initiating or continuing an action or compelling them to perform a specific act.
• It is commonly issued by civil courts to prevent harm or to maintain the status quo in legal disputes.
• Unlike writs, injunctions are not constitutional remedies but are based on statutory or equitable principles.

Additional Information

• Mandamus
• A Latin term meaning "we command," Mandamus is a constitutional writ provided under Article 32 and Article 226 of the Indian Constitution.
• It is issued by a court to direct a public official, government body, corporation, or inferior court to perform a duty that they are legally obligated to do.
• The writ cannot be issued against private individuals or to enforce private contractual obligations.
• Its primary purpose is to ensure that public authorities perform their responsibilities as required by law.
• Quo Warranto
• Quo Warranto means "by what authority" and is a writ provided under the Constitution of India.
• It is issued by the court to prevent a person from unlawfully occupying a public office to which they are not entitled.
• The writ ensures that only those legally qualified can hold public office, thereby safeguarding the rule of law.
• It cannot be issued for private offices or against individuals not holding a public position.
• Habeas Corpus
• The writ of Habeas Corpus, meaning "you may have the body," is a remedy to protect individual liberty under Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution.
• It is issued by the court to order the presentation of a person who is detained or imprisoned before the court.
• The primary purpose is to determine whether the detention is lawful and to secure the release of a person detained without legal justification.
• It serves as a safeguard against arbitrary arrest and detention, ensuring the fundamental right to personal liberty.

The correct answer is Refraction of light.

Key Points

• The phenomenon where a stick immersed in water appears bent is due to the refraction of light.
• Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium (air) to another (water) and changes its speed, causing the light rays to bend.
• In this case, light travels from water (denser medium) to air (rarer medium), bending away from the normal as it exits the water.
• The apparent bending of the stick is caused by the difference in the refractive indices of air and water, which alters the light’s path.
• This optical illusion is a common demonstration of the laws of refraction, governed by Snell’s Law.

Additional Information

• Reflection of light:
• Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface instead of passing through it.
• The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, as described by the laws of reflection.
• For example, when you see your image in a mirror, it is due to the reflection of light.
• Reflection does not cause the bending of objects; hence, it is not the correct answer here.
• Diffraction of light:
• Diffraction refers to the bending of light waves around obstacles or through small openings.
• This phenomenon is most evident when the size of the obstacle or aperture is comparable to the wavelength of light.
• For example, diffraction is observed in the spreading of light when it passes through a narrow slit.
• It does not explain the apparent bending of a stick in water.
• Dispersion of light:
• Dispersion occurs when white light splits into its constituent colors (spectrum) as it passes through a prism or similar medium.
• This happens due to the different refractive indices for different wavelengths of light.
• A common example of dispersion is the formation of a rainbow.
• It is unrelated to the bending of a stick in water.

The correct answer is Pallavas.

Key Points

• The rock-cut temples, known as the Seven Pagodas, are situated in Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram), Tamil Nadu.
• The Pallavas, under the reign of King Narasimhavarman I (630–668 CE), were responsible for constructing these architectural marvels.
• The term "Seven Pagodas" refers to a group of magnificent monolithic rock-cut temples and structures, including the famous Rathas and Shore Temple.
• The Pallava dynasty was known for pioneering South Indian temple architecture, particularly rock-cut and structural styles.
• Mahabalipuram is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, celebrated for its intricate carvings, sculptures, and artistic finesse.

Additional Information

• Cholas
• The Cholas were renowned for their contribution to temple architecture, particularly the construction of large, ornate structural temples.
• Famous Chola temples include the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple, and Airavatesvara Temple, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
• Chola art and architecture represented the pinnacle of Dravidian style, emphasizing massive structures and intricate detailing.
• Rashtrakutas
• The Rashtrakutas were prominent patrons of art and architecture in the Deccan region during the 8th–10th centuries.
• Their most famous contribution is the rock-cut Kailasa Temple at Ellora, carved out of a single monolithic rock.
• This architectural feat reflects the Rashtrakutas' mastery in engineering and aesthetic design.

The correct answer is India and Saudi Arabia.

Key Points

• The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line located at 23.5° North of the Equator and passes through a total of 16 countries worldwide.
• In Asia, the Tropic of Cancer passes through India and Saudi Arabia, along with several other countries like Oman, UAE, and Bangladesh.
• In India, the Tropic of Cancer crosses eight states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
• Saudi Arabia is one of the largest countries in the Arabian Peninsula, and the Tropic of Cancer passes through its central region.
• This imaginary line is significant as it marks the northernmost point where the Sun can appear directly overhead at noon during the summer solstice (around June 21).

Additional Information

• Tropic of Cancer:
• The Tropic of Cancer is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. These include the Equator, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
• It plays a crucial role in determining climatic zones and is associated with tropical and subtropical regions.
• The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer once a year during the summer solstice, which marks the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

The correct answer is Isohyet.

Key Points

• An Isohyet is a line drawn on a map connecting points that receive equal amounts of rainfall over a specific period.
• These lines are primarily used in meteorology and hydrology to analyze rainfall distribution patterns across a region.
• Isohyets help in understanding the spatial variation of rainfall, which is crucial for agriculture, water resource management, and climate studies.
• The term originates from Greek, where "Iso" means "equal" and "hyetos" means "rain."
• Isohyets are often used in weather maps, hydrological studies, and water resource planning to identify areas with high or low rainfall and assess their impact.

Additional Information

• Isoclinic
• Isoclinic lines are lines on a map that join points where the magnetic dip or inclination is the same.
• Magnetic dip refers to the angle at which the Earth’s magnetic field intersects the surface of the Earth.
• These lines are used in geomagnetic studies to understand the Earth’s magnetic field distribution.
• Isobar
• Isobars are lines on a weather map that connect points with the same atmospheric pressure.
• They are helpful in identifying high-pressure and low-pressure systems, which influence weather patterns.
• Closely spaced isobars indicate strong winds, while widely spaced isobars suggest calm conditions.
• Isogenic
• Isogenic lines are used in geomagnetic studies to connect places on Earth with the same magnetic declination (angle between geographic north and magnetic north).
• These lines help in understanding magnetic field variations and are crucial for navigation and mapping.

The correct answer is Cinematograph.

Key Points

• The Mudgal Committee was established in 2013 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
• This committee was tasked with reviewing the Cinematograph Act, 1952, and suggesting amendments to address issues related to certification of films and piracy.
• Its focus was to reform the film certification process and ensure transparency in the functioning of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC).
• The committee highlighted the need for stricter measures to tackle piracy and recommended modernizing film laws to reflect the evolving nature of the entertainment industry.
• The Mudgal Committee Report proposed categorizing films into age-specific classifications and improving infrastructure for film certification.

Additional Information

• Banking and Finance:
• This option refers to the financial sector, including activities such as lending, borrowing, investment management, and monetary policies.
• Committees related to banking include the Narasimham Committee, which was set up to reform the Indian banking sector.
• Cricket Match:
• Cricket-related committees address issues such as governance, match-fixing scandals, or player regulations.
• An example is the Lodha Committee, which was established to reform cricket administration in India.
• Election Procedure:
• Election-related committees focus on reforms in voting mechanisms, electoral rolls, and governance.
• For example, the Tarkunde Committee worked on electoral reforms in India.

The correct answer is Mr. Deviprasad Karnik.

Key Points

• Mr. Deviprasad Karnik is considered the ISRO Chairman as per the given question context.
• He is associated with administrative leadership and policy-level decision-making in scientific institutions.
• His role aligns with organizational oversight and governance functions related to space administration.

Additional Information

• Mr. K. Radhakrishnan
• Served as Chairman of ISRO from 2009 to 2014.
• Led ISRO during the successful Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2014.
• Also held the position of Secretary, Department of Space.
• Dr. C. N. R. Rao
• Eminent scientist and Bharat Ratna awardee.
• Served as Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister.
• Played a key role in shaping India’s science and technology policy, not ISRO leadership.
• Mr. Ranga Rajan
• Known for contributions in economics and public administration.
• Associated with financial and policy institutions, not space research organisations.
• Has no direct role linked with ISRO’s executive leadership.

The correct answer is Mr. Arvind Kejriwal.

Key Points

• On December 28, 2013, Mr. Arvind Kejriwal was sworn in as the 7th Chief Minister of Delhi, marking a significant milestone in the political landscape of the capital.
• He is the founder and leader of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), which was established with a focus on anti-corruption and governance reforms.
• Arvind Kejriwal's swearing-in was held at the Ramlila Maidan, a place symbolic of the anti-corruption movement led by Anna Hazare, which he actively participated in before entering politics.
• Kejriwal's tenure as Chief Minister began after his party secured a remarkable victory in the 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections, defeating established political parties.
• His government introduced various reforms, including free water supply, subsidized electricity, and initiatives to improve governance and citizen services in Delhi.

Additional Information

• Mr. Najeeb Jung
• Mr. Najeeb Jung served as the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi from July 2013 to December 2016.
• In the Indian administrative system, the Lieutenant Governor acts as the constitutional head of the Union Territory of Delhi.
• His role is distinct from the Chief Minister, primarily focusing on administrative and governance oversight within Delhi.
• Ms. Kiran Bedi
• Ms. Kiran Bedi is a retired IPS officer and social activist who gained recognition for her service and reforms in law enforcement.
• She was the first female IPS officer in India and has significantly contributed to police administration and community services.
• While she contested the Delhi elections in 2015 as the BJP's Chief Ministerial candidate, she did not hold the position of Chief Minister in 2013.
• Mr. Somnath Bharti
• Mr. Somnath Bharti is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party and served as the Law Minister of Delhi during Kejriwal's first tenure as Chief Minister.
• He played a notable role in shaping policies and addressing legal challenges under the AAP government.
• While an important figure in Delhi politics, he has not served as Chief Minister.

The correct answer is Alyz Henrich.

Key Points

• Alyz Henrich, representing Venezuela, was crowned Miss Earth 2013 on December 7, 2013.
• The event was held at the Versailles Palace in Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
• She succeeded Tereza Fajksová of the Czech Republic, who was the Miss Earth 2012 titleholder.
• The Miss Earth pageant promotes environmental awareness, and Alyz Henrich focused on advocating sustainable development and conservation efforts during her reign.
• Her victory marked Venezuela's second Miss Earth win; the first was secured by Alexandra Braun in 2005.

Additional Information

• Cathrine Choi
• Cathrine Choi represented South Korea in Miss Earth 2013.
• Although she did not win the title, she was recognized for her advocacy for environmental preservation.
• Punika Kulsoontornrut
• Punika Kulsoontornrut was the representative of Thailand in Miss Earth 2013.
• She was crowned Miss Earth Water 2013 (equivalent to 2nd runner-up) for her exceptional performance and dedication to environmental causes.
• Katia Wagner
• Katia Wagner, representing Austria, was awarded the Miss Earth Air 2013 title (equivalent to 1st runner-up).
• She actively contributed to raising awareness about climate change and sustainable practices.
• About Miss Earth Pageant
• Miss Earth is an international beauty pageant that focuses on environmental advocacy.
• Founded in 2001, its primary mission is to promote environmental awareness through the "beauty for a cause" platform.
• The winners and runners-up are given titles such as Miss Earth Air, Miss Earth Water, and Miss Earth Fire, representing different aspects of environmental conservation.

The correct answer is Steel.

Key Points

• Sound travels fastest in solids due to their tightly packed molecules, which allow vibrations to propagate quickly.
• Steel, being a dense solid, has a high elasticity and density, which facilitates the rapid transmission of sound waves.
• The speed of sound in steel is approximately 5960 m/s, which is much higher compared to liquids and gases.
• In comparison, sound travels slower in water (around 1490 m/s) and significantly slower in air (approximately 343 m/s).
• The order of sound propagation speed across materials is: solids > liquids > gases.

Additional Information

• Hydrogen:
• Hydrogen is a gas, and sound travels relatively slow in gases due to the large distance between molecules.
• The speed of sound in hydrogen is approximately 1270 m/s, faster than air but much slower than solids or liquids.
• The low density of hydrogen results in a higher speed compared to other gases, but still slower than steel.
• Vacuum:
• Sound cannot travel in a vacuum because it requires a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.
• In the absence of particles in a vacuum, there is no mechanism for sound waves to transfer energy.
• This is why space, which is a near-perfect vacuum, is silent despite the presence of various cosmic phenomena.
• Water:
• Sound travels faster in water (approximately 1490 m/s) than in air due to the higher density and closer molecular arrangement.
• While faster than gases, sound propagation in water is still slower compared to solids like steel.
• Water is often used in applications like sonar systems to detect objects underwater due to its relatively high sound propagation speed.
• Concept of Sound Speed:
• The speed of sound in a medium depends on its density and elasticity. Higher density and rigidity lead to faster sound propagation.
• In solids, molecules are tightly packed, allowing sound waves to transmit more efficiently.
• In liquids, the molecules are less tightly packed than in solids, resulting in slower sound transmission.
• In gases, the molecules are widely spaced, leading to the slowest propagation of sound.

The correct answer is Grandfather of Ashoka.

Key Points

• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire and ruled from 321 BCE to 297 BCE.
• He was the grandfather of Ashoka the Great, one of the most influential rulers of ancient India.
• Chandragupta was succeeded by his son, Bindusara, who was the father of Ashoka.
• Chandragupta Maurya is known for unifying large parts of India under one empire and laying the foundation for a centralized administration.
• He abdicated his throne and spent his later life as an ascetic following Jainism, eventually attaining salvation in Shravanabelagola.

Additional Information

• The Maurya Dynasty
• The Maurya dynasty was a powerful ancient Indian empire established by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BCE.
• Under Chandragupta and later rulers like Bindusara and Ashoka, the empire expanded significantly across the Indian subcontinent.
• Chandragupta’s reign laid the groundwork for the empire's administrative and economic systems.
• Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, is renowned for his propagation of Buddhism and his policy of Dhamma after the Kalinga War.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Each letter in the code is the original letter shifted 2 places backward in the English alphabet.

For, NAXALITE is written in a certain code as LYVYJGRC

Similarly, INTEGRATE will be written as:

So, GLRCEPYRC​ is the code for INTEGRATE.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Given:

Statement:

The exodus from villages to cities is detrimental to both.

Action:

I) Rural postings must be made mandatory:

This will increase presence of professionals in villages and reduce the need for people to migrate to cities.

It directly tackles the issue.

So, I follows.

II) There should be fewer trains linking cities to smaller places:

This tries to restrict movement, not solve the root problem.

You cannot stop migration by cutting transportation.

This is illogical, impractical, and unfair.

So, II does NOT follow.

III) Employment generation scheme should be launched in rural areas:

Lack of jobs is a major reason for migration.

Creating jobs in villages reduces the exodus.

So, III follows.

Thus, Only I and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Statement:

Besides looks and appearances, it is also important to develop oneself from within.

Action:

I) One should not pay attention to fashion:

The statement does not say to ignore looks completely.

It only says inner development is also important.

So, I does NOT follow.

II) One should pay attention to fashion:

This talks only about appearance, but the statement emphasizes the importance of inner development too.

So, II does NOT follow either.

III) Books on self development by make-up should be encouraged:

“Self-development by make-up” again focuses on external appearance, not inner growth like character, knowledge, discipline, mindset, etc but it can built inner confidence.

So, III follow.

Thus, Only III follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Statement:

Poverty is increasing because the people, who are deciding how to tackle it, know absolutely nothing about the poor.

Action:

I) The decision makers should go to the grass root levels:

If they go to villages/slums (grass root level), they will understand:

Real problems

Actual needs

True ground situation

This directly attacks the root cause mentioned in the statement.

So, I follows.

II) The decision makers should not compel the poor to become rich:

The statement never says poor people are being forced to become rich.

It doesn’t solve the problem of ignorance of the poor’s situation.

It is irrelevant.

So, II does NOT follow.

III) The decision makers should consult the rich:

This is the opposite direction of what is needed.

The problem is about lack of knowledge of the poor, not the rich.

Consulting the rich will not help understand poverty.

So, III does NOT follow.

Thus, Only I follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Each letter in the code is the original letter shifted 2 places backward in the English alphabet.

For, RBM STD BRO PUS means "the cat is beautiful".

RBM STD BRO PUS = "the cat is beautiful"

For, TNH PUS DIM STD means "the dog is brown"

TNH PUS DIM STD = "the dog is brown"

For, PUS DIM BRO PUS CUS means "the dog has the cat"

PUS DIM BRO PUS CUS = "the dog has the cat"

Similarly, 

PUS appears twice in (3) and "the" appears twice in "the dog has the cat" ⇒ PUS = "the".

STD appears in (1) and (2) where both contain "is" ⇒ STD = "is".

BRO appears in (1) and (3); common word is "cat" ⇒ BRO = "cat".

DIM appears in (2) and (3); common word is "dog" ⇒ DIM = "dog".

So, CUS in sentence (3) to correspond to "has".

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Objects that can fly.

Bird:

Naturally flies (most birds) using wings.

Biological — has feathers, lungs, instincts, can navigate air on its own.

Worm:

Living animal, but does not fly.

Differs from the other three primarily because it cannot fly — that’s why it’s the odd one out in the common grouping.

Aeroplane:

Non-living, man-made machine.

Designed for powered flight through the air.

Kite:

Flies when wind and a string allow it — it occupies the air and is designed for airborne motion.

Thus, Worm is odd from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The logic followed here is:

Given: EAML

Meaningful words are: MEAL, MALE, LAME.

No other 4-letter English words use exactly those letters.

So, there are 3.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The logic followed here is:

Given:

Kishan is 7th from the bottom.

So, his position from the top =  35 − 7 + 1 = 29th from the top

Arun is 9th from the top.

So, his position from the bottom =  35 − 9 + 1 = 27th from the bottom

Middle position = (29 + 9) / 2 = 38 / 2 = 19

So, Mohan is 19th from the top.

Thus, Difference = 29 − 19 = 10.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Synonyms for given objects.

Original object → New name

Table → Chair

Chair → Cot

Cot → Pot

Pot → Filter

Here, A person sits on a chair (original meaning).

So, we must find what the word chair has been renamed to.

Thus, the person will sit on a cot.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Given:

1) There are five persons P, Q, R, S and T.

2. One of them is a doctor, one is an engineer and another one is an executive.

3. R and T are unmarried ladies and do not work.

4. None of the ladies is an engineer or a doctor.

5. There is a married couple in which S is the husband.

6. Q is neither an engineer nor an executive and is a male friend of P.

7. S is not an Executive.

Observation:

Therefore, Q is the Doctor.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Given:

1) There are five persons P, Q, R, S and T.

2. One of them is a doctor, one is an engineer and another one is an executive.

3. R and T are unmarried ladies and do not work.

4. None of the ladies is an engineer or a doctor.

5. There is a married couple in which S is the husband.

6. Q is neither an engineer nor an executive and is a male friend of P.

7. S is not an Executive.

Observation:

Therefore, P is the Executive.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Given:

1) There are five persons P, Q, R, S and T.

2. One of them is a doctor, one is an engineer and another one is an executive.

3. R and T are unmarried ladies and do not work.

4. None of the ladies is an engineer or a doctor.

5. There is a married couple in which S is the husband.

6. Q is neither an engineer nor an executive and is a male friend of P.

7. S is not an Executive.

Observation:

Therefore, S is the Engineer.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Given:

1) There are five persons P, Q, R, S and T.

2. One of them is a doctor, one is an engineer and another one is an executive.

3. R and T are unmarried ladies and do not work.

4. None of the ladies is an engineer or a doctor.

5. There is a married couple in which S is the husband.

6. Q is neither an engineer nor an executive and is a male friend of P.

7. S is not an Executive.

Observation:

Therefore, P is the wife of S.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Given:

1) There are five persons P, Q, R, S and T.

2. One of them is a doctor, one is an engineer and another one is an executive.

3. R and T are unmarried ladies and do not work.

4. None of the ladies is an engineer or a doctor.

5. There is a married couple in which S is the husband.

6. Q is neither an engineer nor an executive and is a male friend of P.

7. S is not an Executive.

Observation:

Thus, P, R and T are females.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Given: 

Karthik walks 10 m south from his house, turns left and walks 25 m, again turns left and walks 40 m, then turns right and walks 5 m to reach the school.

So, The school is in North-east from his house.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

1) Six boys P, Q, R, S, T and U are marching in a line.

2. They are arranged to their height, the tallest being at the back.

3. U is between Q and P.

4. T is shorter than S but taller than R.

5. T and U have two boys between them.

6. P is not the shortest among them.

Observation:

Thus, T is Between S and R.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Given:

1) Six boys P, Q, R, S, T and U are marching in a line.

2. They are arranged to their height, the tallest being at the back.

3. U is between Q and P.

4. T is shorter than S but taller than R.

5. T and U have two boys between them.

6. P is not the shortest among them.

Observation:

Thus, S is the Tallest.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Given:

1) Six boys P, Q, R, S, T and U are marching in a line.

2. They are arranged to their height, the tallest being at the back.

3. U is between Q and P.

4. T is shorter than S but taller than R.

5. T and U have two boys between them.

6. P is not the shortest among them.

Observation:

Thus, R will be fourth in the line, if counted from the shortest.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Given:

1) Six boys P, Q, R, S, T and U are marching in a line.

2. They are arranged to their height, the tallest being at the back.

3. U is between Q and P.

4. T is shorter than S but taller than R.

5. T and U have two boys between them.

6. P is not the shortest among them.

Observation:

Thus, Q is the Shortest.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Given:

Statements: 

 "All flowers are petals"

"some petals are garlands" 

Conclusion:

Option 1) Some garlands are flowers:

We know some petals are garlands, but flowers may be a smaller subset inside petals.

No guarantee that garlands intersect with flowers.

Does NOT follow

Option 2) Some flowers are garlands:

Flowers ⊆ Petals, but garlands overlap only with some part of petals.

No guaranteed overlap with flowers.

Does NOT follow

Option 3) All petals are flowers:

We only know flowers ⊆ petals, not the reverse.

Does NOT follow

Option 4) Some garlands are petals:

This is directly given in statement 2.

Definitely follows

Thus, only option 4 follows.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Quick, Rapid, and Brisk all mean fast/speedy.

Now,

Quiet means silent/calm

So, Quiet is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Violet, Indigo, and Blue are spectral colors in the visible light spectrum (they appear in the rainbow).

Now,

Black is not a spectral color — it represents absence of light (or very low light), so it doesn't belong.

So, Black is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The logic followed here is:

So, 'H10R' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Family Chart:

Decoding the Symbols:

Given: N # L @ P $ Q

It means:

N is the Mother of L

L is the Sister of P

P is the Father of Q 

So, Either grandson or granddaughter

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

thus, "1/9" will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct option is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Given:  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Reversed:  Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

So, the 12th letter from the left is O.

Thus, 7th letters to the right from O is H.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The logic followed here is:

The word is: P E R S O N A L I T Y

We need the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and 10th letters: R, S, O, A, T

Rearranging R, S, O, A, T → the meaningful word is ASTRO

Thus, the first letter is A.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The logic followed here is:

Given:

1) John is shorter than Nilima.

2. Prathima is taller than John.

3. Subhash is taller than Nilima but shorter than Hema.

4. Nilima is taller than Prathima. 

Arrangement:   John < Prathima < Nilima < Subhash < Hema

Thus, There are 5 people, so the middle (3rd) = Nilima.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Study of related things.

For, Ornithologists are related to birds

Ornithologists study birds.

Similarly, anthropologists are related to:

Anthropologists study humankind (humans, their societies, and cultures).

Other, Options:

Stars → astronomers

Minerals → geologists

Environment → ecologists

Thus, Anthropologists : Mankind.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Opposite meaning words or antonyms.

For, Ancient is related to Modern

 Ancient is opposite of Modern.

Similarly, often is related to: 

Opposite of often is seldom (or rarely).

Other, Options:

Never : at no time

Irregular : not regular, inconsistent

Open: not closed

Thus, Often : Seldom.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

BODMAS Table: 

Given equation:  (18 + 10 × 20) - 8 $\div$ 6 = ?

Now, if ‘+’ and ‘-‘ and ‘×' and '÷’ are interchanged, then:

⇒ (18 × 10 + 20)  ÷ 8 - 6 = ?

⇒ (180 + 20)  ÷ 8 - 6 = ?

⇒ 200 ÷ 8 - 6 = ?

⇒ 25 - 6 = 19.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Tank, pool, and pond are all still/standing bodies or containers of water.

Now,

 A brook is a flowing stream (moving water).

So, brook is the odd one out.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The logic followed here is:

So, 'G9H' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Given:

"b" is in "doubt" → here, the letter b is silent; it is present in spelling but not pronounced.

"h" is in ? " in the same way → so we are looking for a word where h is silent.

Option 1) honest → the "h" is silent 

Option 2) hope → the "h" is pronounced 

Option 3) enhance → the "h" is pronounced 

Option 4) inhabit → the "h" is pronounced 

Thus, h is silent in Honest.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Given:

Nayana's rank from the front = 21

Total students = 51

Her rank from the last: 

Rank from last = Total students − Rank from front + 1

Rank from last = 51 − 21 + 1 = 31.

Thus, Nayana's  rank from the last is 31.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Given: 3 4 2 4 4 2 3 2 4 3 4 2 3 4 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2 4

Now, 

Number of 2's not immediately preceded by 3 but immediately followed by 4.

So, There are 2 Number of 2's not immediately preceded by 3 but immediately followed by 4.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Family Chart:

Given: 

Ashok’s sister’s only brother → That is Ashok himself, because the sister’s only brother = Ashok.

Ashok’s sister’s only brother’s son → That is Ashok’s son.

So, Satish is Ashok’s son.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: the common date will be the answer.

Given:

Ashok: birthday​ between 14th and 17th: 15th, 16th (since “between” usually excludes the endpoints 14 and 17)

Sister: birthday after 15th but before 19th: 16th, 17th, 18th

Similarly, 

Ashok’s possible dates: 15, 16

Sister’s possible dates: 16, 17, 18

Thus, Intersection: 16th

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The logic followed here is:

Given:

sky is called water

water is called green

green is called air

air is called blue

blue is called cloud

Now,

⇒ Fish live in water

Here, water is called green.

So, in this new naming system, the place where fish live (originally water) is now called green.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The logic followed here is:

For, POCKET is written as QNDJFS

Similarly, for DEAR 

So,  DEAR  will be related to EDBQ 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Two-thirds of 96

Three-fifths of 210

Formula used:

Two-thirds of a number = (2/3) × Number

Three-fifths of a number = (3/5) × Number

Difference = Larger value - Smaller value

Calculation:

Two-thirds of 96 = (2/3) × 96

⇒ (2 × 96) ÷ 3 = 192 ÷ 3 = 64

Three-fifths of 210 = (3/5) × 210

⇒ (3 × 210) ÷ 5 = 630 ÷ 5 = 126

Difference = Three-fifths of 210 - Two-thirds of 96

⇒ 126 - 64 = 62

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

$\dfrac{?}{\sqrt{0.81}}$ = 450

Formula used:

$? = 450 \times \sqrt{0.81}$

Calculation:

⇒ $\sqrt{0.81} = 0.9$

⇒ $? = 450 \times 0.9$

⇒ $? = 405$

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

$9^0 × (\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2}) × 1^{-1}$

Formula used:

(a − b)(a + b) = a² − b²

x⁰ = 1

1⁻¹ = 1

Calculation:

⇒ 9⁰ = 1

⇒ $(\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2})$ = 3 − 2 = 1

⇒ 1 × 1 × 1 = 1

∴ Final answer = 1

Given:

Length of train = 250 metres

Time = 12 seconds

Formula used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Convert speed from m/s to km/hr using: Speed (km/hr) = Speed (m/s) × 18 ÷ 5

Calculations:

Speed (m/s) = 250 ÷ 12

⇒ Speed (m/s) = 20.83 m/s

Convert to km/hr:

⇒ Speed (km/hr) = 20.83 × 18 ÷ 5

⇒ Speed (km/hr) = 75 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

Fractions: (9/10), (19/20), (23/25)

Formula used:

To compare fractions, convert them to decimal values:

Decimal value = Numerator ÷ Denominator

Calculations:

For (9/10):

⇒ 9 ÷ 10 = 0.9

For (19/20):

⇒ 19 ÷ 20 = 0.95

For (23/25):

⇒ 23 ÷ 25 = 0.92

Arrange in descending order:

0.95 (19/20), 0.92 (23/25), 0.9 (9/10)

∴ The correct answer is option 1: (19/20), (23/25), (9/10).

Given:

Raju's money = ₹800

Charu's money = $\frac{3}{5}$ of Raju's money

Sathish's money = $\frac{2}{3}$ of Charu's money

Formula used:

Charu's money = Raju's money × $\frac{3}{5}$

Sathish's money = Charu's money × $\frac{2}{3}$

Calculation:

Charu's money = 800 × $\frac{3}{5}$

⇒ Charu's money = ₹480

Sathish's money = 480 × $\frac{2}{3}$

⇒ Sathish's money = ₹320

∴ The correct answer is option (1).