Rajasthan Gram Vikas Adhikari (VDO) Mains 9 July 2022 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

उपर्युक्त पर्यायवाची शब्दों में  सेना - अराति, अरि, वाहिनी युग्म असंगत है। 

क्योंकि - 

• सेना का अर्थ वाहिनी होता है परंतु अराति और अरि का अर्थ शत्रु या विरोधी होता है।
• सेना के अन्य पर्यायवाची - चतुरंगिनी, अनीकनी, कटक, अनी
• अराति के पर्यायवाची - विपक्षी, रिपु, प्रतिपक्षी, शत्रु
• अरि के पर्यायवाची - प्रतिद्वंदी, विरोधी, बैर​​

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प सही पर्यायवाची शब्द युग्म हैं -

• झंडा - केतन, वैजयंती, निशान
• जंगल - विपिन, कांतार, गहन
• पुत्र - वत्स, आत्मज, तनय

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द -

• अनिवार्य - अवश्यंभावी, अपरिहार्य, परम आवश्यक
• कस्तूरी - म्रग्नाभि, म्रदमद, मद्लता
• उत्कोच - घूस, रिश्वत
• गंगा - देवनदी, मंदाकिनी, भगीरथी, विश्नुपगा
• आँसू - नेत्रजल, नयनजल, चक्षुजल, अश्रु
• वसन -  पट, चीर, अम्बर, वस्त्र, परिधान
• सीता - वैदेही, जानकी, भूमिजा, जनकतनया
• औचक – अचानक, यकायक, सहसा
• भौंरा – मधुप, मधुकर, द्विरेप
• बगीचा – बाग़, वाटिका, उपवन

व्याकरण की दृष्टि से शुद्ध वाक्य है - भोपाल में अनेक तालाब हैं।

• शुद्ध वाक्य - भोपाल में अनेक तालाब हैं।
• इस वाक्य में संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, कारक व वचन का सही पदक्रम में प्रयोग किया गया है इसलिए यह वाक्य व्याकरणिक रूप से शुद्ध है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• माता जी का मन गद्गद हो गया। (वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि)
• माता जी का मन गदगद हो गया।
• समय के साथ शब्द लोप हो जाते हैं।(वचन संबंधी अशुद्धि)
• समय के साथ शब्दों का लोप हो जाता है। (जब वचन में परिवर्तन होता है तब क्रिया पर भी उसका प्रभाव पड़ता है।)
• वह बड़ा अच्छा खिलाड़ी है। (पुनरावृत्ति की अशुद्धियाँ)
• वह अच्छा खिलाड़ी है। या शुद्ध: वह उत्कृष्ट खिलाड़ी है।

Additional Information

• वाक्य भाषा की महत्त्वपूर्ण इकाई है।
• वाक्य में व्याकरण के अनुसार पदों का क्रमबद्ध होना बहुत अधिक आवश्यक है अन्यथा वाक्य का अर्थ भी बदल सकता है।
• वाक्य को बोलते व लिखते समय उसकी शुद्धता, स्पष्टता और सार्थकता का ध्यान रखना आवश्यक है।
• वाक्य में क्रिया, कर्ता, लिंग, वचन, वर्तनी, विशेषण इत्यादि अशुद्धियाँ हो सकती हैं।

अवश्यम्भावी, आबालवृद्ध, मनोनुसार ये शब्द समूह विसर्ग संधि से निर्मित नहीं हैं। 

• अवश्यम्भावी = अवश्यम् + भावी (व्यंजन संधि) (म के साथ क से म तक के किसी भी वर्ण के मिलन पर 'म' की जगह पर मिलन वाले वर्ण का अंतिम नासिक वर्ण बन जायेगा।)
• आबालवृद्ध = आ (संस्कृत उपसर्ग)
• मनोनुसार = मन: + अनुसार (विसर्ग संधि)

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• शिरोभाग = शिर: + भाग
• वयोवेग = वयो: + वेग
• तेजोबल = तेजः + बल 
• यशोधरा = यशः+धरा
• पुनरुक्ति = पुनः+उक्ति
• अतएव = अतः + एव
• श्रेयस्कर = श्रेयः +कर
• चन्द्रस्तम = चन्द्र: + तम
• पुनः प्राप्ति = पुनः + प्राप्ति

Confusion Pointsप्रथम तर्क -

• पुनः प्राप्ति = पुनर् + प्राप्ति (व्यंजन संधि)

द्वितीय तर्क -

• विसर्ग से पूर्व अ, आ आए और बाद में क, ख व प,फ आए तो कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता।
• पुनः प्राप्ति = पुनः + प्राप्ति

Additional Information

विसर्ग में स्वर या व्यंजन के संयोग से होने वाले विकार निम्नलिखित हैं -

• ​विसर्ग के आगे श, ष, स आए तो वह क्रमशः श्, ए, स्, में बदल जाता है। 
• उदाहरण - निः + सन्देह = निस्सन्देह
• विसर्ग से पहले इ या उ हो और बाद में र आए तो विसर्ग का लोप हो जाएगा और इ तथा उ दीर्घ ई, ऊ में बदल जाएँगे। 
• निः + रस = नीरस
• विसर्ग के बाद ‘च-छ’, ‘ट-ठ’ तथा ‘त-थ’ आए तो विसर्ग क्रमशः ‘श्’, ‘ष्’, ‘स्’ में बदल जाते हैं
• धनु: + टंकार = धनुष्टंकार
• निः + छल = निश्छल
• विसर्ग के बाद क, ख, प, फ रहने पर विसर्ग में कोई विकार नहीं होता। 
• प्रात: + काल = प्रात:काल
• विसर्ग से पहले ‘अ’ या ‘आ’ को छोड़कर कोई स्वर हो और बाद में वर्ग के तृतीय,चतुर्थ और पंचम वर्ण अथवा य, र, ल, व में से कोई वर्ण हो तो विसर्ग ‘र’ में बदल जाता है। 
• नि: + आधार = निराधार
• दुः + बोध = दुर्बोध
• विसर्ग से पहले अ, आ को छोड़कर कोई अन्य स्वर आए और बाद में कोई भी स्वर आए तो भी विसर्ग र् में बदल जाता है। 
• नि: + आशा = निराशा
• विसर्ग से पहले अ आए और बाद में य, र, ल, व, ह या घोष वर्ण आए तो विसर्ग का लोप हो जाता है तथा विसर्ग ‘ओ’ में बदल जाता है। 
• मन: + रथ = मनोरथ
• विसर्ग से पहले इ या उ आए और बाद में क, ख, प, फ में से कोई वर्ण आए तो विसर्ग ‘ष्’ में बदल जाता है। 
• निः + पाप = निष्पाप

अपत्यवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय पौर्वात्य शब्द में नहीं है। 

• पौर्वात्य शब्द 'त्य' प्रत्यय (गुणवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय) लगा कर बना है।
• पौर्वात्य का अर्थ - पाश्चात्य के अनुकरण पर बना (शब्द)
• गुणवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय से संज्ञा शब्द गुणवाची बन जाते हैं। (वान्, मान्, त्य, आलु, ई)
• उदाहरण - विद्वान्​, गतिमान्, दक्षिणात्य, कृपालु, लोभी।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• अपत्यवाचक तद्धित प्रत्यय में सन्तान या वंश में उत्पन्न हुए व्यक्ति का बोध होता है।
• मार्कंडेय - एय - मार्कंडेय एक प्राचीन ऋषि हैं।
• मागध - अ - मगध के राजा जरासंध का एक नाम।
• आंजनेय - एय - अंजना के पुत्र (भगवान हनुमान)।

Additional Informationप्रत्यय मुख्यतः दो प्रकार के होते है -

विलोम शब्द की दृष्टि से अतिवृष्टि - बहुवृष्टि ये शब्द युग्म अनुचित हैं।

अतिवृष्टि का विलोम: अल्पवृष्टि

• अतिवृष्टि = अति(अधिक) + वृष्टि(वर्षा) अर्थात अत्यधिक वर्षा
• बहुवृष्टि = बहु (बहुत) + वृष्टि(वर्षा) अर्थात बहुत वर्षा
• अर्थानुसार दोनों ही शब्द पर्यायवाची हैं इसलिए ये विलोम शब्द नहीं है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प -

• असीम का अर्थ -  असीमित,  जिसकी सीमा न हो
• ससीम का अर्थ - सीमित, जिसकी सीमा हो
• ऐहिक का अर्थ - सांसारिक,  भौतिक
• पारलौकिक का अर्थ - अलौकिक,  जो लौकिक ना हो
• अतिथि का अर्थ - मेहमान, बाहर से आने वाला व्यक्ति
• आतिथेय का अर्थ - मेज़बान, जिसके वहाँ अतिथि रुका हो

Additional Information

किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताने वाला शब्द विलोम शब्द कहलाता है।

उदाहरण -

सदय, सकाम, सावकाश, सजीव ये शब्द 'स' उपसर्ग से निर्मित हैं। 

सदय, सकाम, सावकाश, सजीव ये शब्द हिन्दी के उपसर्ग 'स' से बने हैं। ये विशेषकर तद्भव शब्दों के पहले आते हैं। 

• ​स + दय = सदय
• स + काम = सकाम
• स + अवकाश = सावकाश
• स + जीव = सजीव

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प के उपसर्ग/प्रत्यय - 

• सोल्लास - स
• सत्क्रिया - सत
• सद्भाव - सत
• सहपाठी - सह
• सद्भावना - सत
• सहायक - अक (प्रत्यय)
• सहोदर - सह
• सहगमन - सह
• सहित - स
• सहकर्ता - सह
• सार्थक - स
• सज्जन - सत

Additional Information

उपसर्ग -

• उपसर्ग शब्द के शुरूआत में जुड़ते हैं और मूल शब्द का अर्थ बदल देते हैं।
• उदाहरण :- अप + यश = अपयश, अध + पका = अधपका, ना + लायक = नालायक, हाफ + टिकट = हाफटिकट आदि। 
• हिन्दी में मुख्यतः चार प्रकार के उपसर्ग होते है :-
• संस्कृत के उपसर्ग (प्र, परा, अप, सम्, अनु, अव, निस्, निर्, दुस्, दुर्, वि, आङ्, नि, अधि, अपि, अति, सु, उत्, अभि, प्रति, परि तथा उप)
• हिंदी के उपसर्ग (अन, अध, उन, औ, कु, चौ, पच, पर, बिन, भर, स, सह, चिर, न, बहु, आप, सम, दु)
• उर्दू के उपसर्ग (ला, बद, बे, कम, ग़ैर, ना, खुश, हम, ऐन, सर, बेश, बा, अल)
• अंग्रेजी के उपसर्ग (ब, हाफ, को, हैड, वाइस)

प्रत्यय -

• प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ते हैं और ये पूर्ण रूप से अर्थ नहीं बदलते ये मूल शब्द के इर्द-गिर्द ही रहते हैं।
• उदाहरण :- ना = चलना, य = गेय, आई = मिठाई, ला = निचला आदि। 
• प्रत्यय के दो प्रकार होते हैं :-
• कृत् प्रत्यय (अक, अन, अना, अनीय, आ, आई, आन, इ, इया, इत)
• तद्धित प्रत्यय (आई, आइन, आई, आनी, आयत, आर/आरा, आहट, इल, इष्ठ, ई)

सही उत्तर Decree - हुक्मनामा होगा। 

• Decree का समकक्ष हिन्दी पारिभाषिक शब्द हुक्मनामा है।
• हुक्मनामा का अर्थ है - आदेशपत्र
• Decree का अर्थ है - An official order given by a government

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

 

Additional Informationअंग्रेजी पारिभाषिक शब्द का हिन्दी पारिभाषिक शब्द अन्य उदाहरण - 

• Plea - दलील
• Hail storm - ओला-वृष्टि
• Revocable - प्रतिसंहरणीय
• Sphere - क्षेत्र
• Unlawful - अवैध
• Venture - उद्यम
• Jingoism - कट्टर राष्ट्रवाद
• Disbursement - वितरण
• Cess - उपकर
• Apprenticeship - शिक्षुता

'समुद्रोर्मि' का सही संधि-विच्छेद समुद्र + ऊर्मि होगा। 

• समुद्रोर्मि = समुद्र + ऊर्मि (अ + ऊ = ओ)
• जब संधि करते समय अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ, अ/आ + इ/ई = ए, अ + ऋ = अर् बनता है तो यह गुण संधि कहलाती है।

उदाहरण - 

• महोत्सव = महा + उत्सव (आ + उ = ओ)
• नरेश = नर + ईश (अ + ई = ए)
• महर्षि = महा + ऋषि (आ + ऋ = अर)
• अन्य विकल्प गलत हैं।

Important Pointsसंधि तीन प्रकार के होते हैं -

स्वर संधि 

1. दीर्घ संधि

• अ /आ + अ/आ = आ
• इ/ई + इ/ई = ई
• उ + उ = ऊ

2. गुण संधि

• अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ
• अ/आ + इ/ई = ए
• अ + ऋ = अर्

3. वृद्धि संधि

• अ/आ + ए/ऐ = ऐ
• अ/आ + ओ/औ = औ

4. यण संधि

• इ/ई + अ/आ/उ/ऊ = य
• उ/ऊ + इ/ई/अ/आ = व्
• ऋ + अ/आ/उ/ऊ/इ/ई = र

5. अयादी संधि

• ए + अन्य स्वर = अय
• ऐ + अन्य स्वर = आय
• ओ + अन्य स्वर = अव
• औ + अन्य स्वर = आव
• व्यंजन सन्धि
• विसर्ग सन्धि

सही जोड़ी (i) - ख, (ii) - क, (iii) - ग, (iv) - घ होगा।

• सूची-l में सामासिक पद दिए गए हैं और सूची-ll में सामासिक भेद दिए गए हैं।
• दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने हुए नये एवं सार्थक शब्दों को समास कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण :- यथासामर्थ्य = सामर्थ्य के अनुसार

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• ​द्विगु समास (जिस सामासिक पद का पूर्वपद संख्यावाचक हो, तथा उत्तर पद प्रधान हो।)
• शताब्दी - सौ अब्दों (वर्षों) का समाहार
• अठन्नी - आठ आनों का समाहार
• सतसई - सात सौ का समाहार
• अव्ययीभाव समास (पहला पद प्रधान होता है और समस्तपद वाक्य में क्रियाविशेषण का काम करता है।)
• नीरव - रव रहित
• अनुगुण - गुण के योग्य
• अत्याचार - आचार का अतिक्रमण
• तत्पुरुष समास (जिसका उत्तरपद या अंतिम पद प्रधान हो। जैसे प्रथम पद गौण हो और उत्तरपद की प्रधानता हो।)
• लताच्छादित - लता से आच्छादित (करण तत्पुरुष समास)
• आनन्दमय - आनंद से युक्त (करण तत्पुरुष समास)
• कनकटा - कान को कटवाया हुआ (कर्म तत्पुरुष समास)
• कर्मधारय समास (जिस सामासिक शब्द का उत्तर पद प्रधान हो, पूर्वपद और उत्तरपद में विशेषण- विशेष्य अथवा उपमान- उपमेय का संबंध हो। )
• शुभावसर - शुभ हो जो अवसर
• नवांकुर - नया है जो अंकुर
• चरमसीमा - चरम तक पहँची है जो सीमा

अयश-अयस - अपकीर्ति-लोहा शब्द युग्म का अर्थ भेद सही है।

• अयश का अर्थ - अपकीर्ति
• अयस का अर्थ - लोहा
• अयश और अयस के अर्थ क्रमशः सही दिए गए है इसलिए विकल्प अयश-अयस - अपकीर्ति-लोहा सही उत्तर होगा।
• उपर्युक्त अन्य विकल्प के अर्थ क्रमशः उचित नहीं है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• तरणि का अर्थ सूर्य
• तरुणी का अर्थ नवयुवती
• कृति का अर्थ रचना
• कृती का अर्थ निपुण
• डीठ का अर्थ दृष्टि
• ढीठ का अर्थ जिद्दी/निडर

Additional Informationसमोच्चारित भिन्नार्थक शब्द -

• अवधि - समय सीमा
• अवधी - अवधी भाषा
• अनभिज्ञ - अनजान
• अभिज्ञ - जानकार
• कपट - छल
• कपाट - किवाड़
• गृह - घर
• ग्रह - आकाशीय पिण्ड
• जरा - बुढ़ापा
• ज़रा - थोड़ा
• द्विप - हाथी
• द्वीप - टापू
• दिन - दिवस
• दीन - गरीब

इक्यावन व तिरपन ये शुद्ध वर्तनी वाले शब्द हैं।

संख्या का मानक हिंदी रूप - 

• इक्यावन - ५१ व तिरपन - ५३

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

Additional Information

देवनागरी लिपि अंक/संख्या का मानक हिंदी रूप - 

 

 

स्वांग यण् स्वर संधि का उदाहरण नहीं है।

• जब दो शब्दों की संधि करते समय अ/आ + अ/आ = आ बनता है, जब इ/ई + इ/ई = ई बनता है, जब उ + उ = ऊ बनता है तब वह दीर्घ स्वर संधि कहलाता है।
• स्व + अंग = स्वांग (अ + आ = आ)
• उपर्युक्त अन्य विकल्प यण् स्वर संधि के उदाहरण हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• नि + ऊन = न्यून (इ + ऊ= यू)
• अनु + अय = अन्वय (उ+अ=व्)
• पितृ + आदेश = पित्रादेश (ऋ + आ = र + आ)

Additional Informationसंधि तीन प्रकार के होते हैं -

स्वर संधि 

1. दीर्घ संधि

• अ/आ + अ/आ = आ
• इ/ई + इ/ई = ई
• उ + उ = ऊ

2. गुण संधि

• अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ
• अ/आ + इ/ई = ए
• अ + ऋ = अर्

3. वृद्धि संधि

• अ/आ + ए/ऐ = ऐ
• अ/आ + ओ/औ = औ

4. यण संधि

• इ/ई + अ/आ/उ/ऊ = य
• उ/ऊ + इ/ई/अ/आ = व्
• ऋ + अ/आ/उ/ऊ/इ/ई = र

5. अयादी संधि

• ए + अन्य स्वर = अय
• ऐ + अन्य स्वर = आय
• ओ + अन्य स्वर = अव
• औ + अन्य स्वर = आव
• व्यंजन सन्धि
• विसर्ग सन्धि

सही उत्तर है - (a) - 2, (b) - 1, (c) - 4, (d) - 3

• सूची-l में लोकोक्तियाँ दी गई हैं और सूची-ll में लोकोक्तियों के अर्थ दिए गए हैं।
• लोक + उक्ति = लोकोक्ति
• समाज में प्रचलित उक्ति(कथन) को ही लोकोक्ति कहते हैं।

Key Pointsउपर्युक्त सूची के लिए सही जोड़ी निम्नलिखित है -

• इस प्रकार सही मिलान (a) - 2, (b) - 1, (c) - 4, (d) - 3 होगा।

सही उत्तर ऊसर है। 

• उर्वर का अर्थ -  उपजाऊ भूमि।
• ऊसर का अर्थ -  वह ज़मीन जो उपजाऊ न हो, बंजर।
• उर्वर ऊसर का विपरीतार्थक शब्द हैं इसलिए ये विलोम शब्द हुए।

अन्य विकल्प उर्वर के पर्यायवाची हैं।

• उर्वर के पर्यायवाची - उपजाऊ, फ़लप्रद, जरखेज

Additional Information किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताने वाला शब्द विलोम शब्द कहलाता है।

उदाहरण -

समस्त पद बनाते समय समास में प्रथम पद के साथ विभक्ति चिह्न का लोप किया जाता है। यह कथन असंगत है। 

• उचित कथन - समस्त पद बनाते समय दो शब्दों को विभक्त करने वाली विभक्तियों का लोप हो जाता है।

उदाहरण -  

• महादेव = महान है जो देव
• बखूबी = खुबी के साथ
• दानवीर = दान में वीर

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• जहाँ प्रथम पद निषेध (पहला पद नकारात्मक) का वाचक हो उसे 'नञ् तत्पुरुष' समास कहते हैं।
• अप्रिय = न प्रिय
• अनावश्यक = न आवश्यक
• अधिकरण तत्पुरुष के समस्त पदों में अधिकरण कारक चिह्न 'में, पे, पर' का प्रयोग होता है।
• जिस समास का उत्तरपद प्रधान हो और पूर्वपद गौण हो  एवं  विभक्ति ‘में’ और ‘पर’ चिन्ह का लोप हो जाए उसे 'अधिकर��� तत्त्पुरूष समास' कहते है।
• दानवीर = दान में वीर
• आत्मनिर्भर = आत्म पर निर्भर
• कर्मधारय समास में पहला पद विशेषण तथा दूसरा पद विशेष्य होता है, अर्थात कर्मधारय विशेषण-विशेष्य का समास होता है।
• महापुरुष  = महान है जो पुरुष
• बड़भागी = बड़ा है जिसका भाग्य

Additional Information

रासायनिक, पाशविक, काल्पनिक इन शब्दों में प्रत्यय का प्रयोग किया गया है। 

• रासायनिक, पाशविक, काल्पनिक इन शब्दों में कृत प्रत्यय का प्रयोग हुआ है।
• कृत प्रत्यय वे होते है जो क्रिया के या धातु के अंत में जुड़कर संज्ञा या विशेषण शब्दों का निर्माण करते हैं।
• रासायन + इक = रासायनिक
• पाशव +  इक = पाशविक
• कल्पना + इक = काल्पनिक

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• अपरिग्रह = उपसर्ग रहित - अर्थ - किसी से कुछ ग्रहण न करना
• अपोढ = उपसर्ग रहित - अर्थ - अपवहित
• पराश्रित = पर + आश्रित  - अर्थ - दूसरों पर आश्रित रहने वाला
• वैनाशिक = उपसर्ग रहित - अर्थ -जन्म नक्षत्र से सातवाँ, दसवाँ और अठाहरवाँ नक्षत्र
• आक्षेपित = उपसर्ग रहित - अर्थ - स्थापित, आरोपित
• आधिपत्य = उपसर्ग रहित - अर्थ - प्रभुत्व
• पराधीन = पर + अधीन - अर्थ - परवश
• अनूदित = अनु + उदित - अर्थ - भाषांतरित
• अनुवाद = अनु + वाद - अर्थ - भाषांतर

Additional Informationउपसर्ग -

• उपसर्ग शब्द के शुरूआत में जुड़ते हैं और मूल शब्द का अर्थ बदल देते हैं।
• उदाहरण :- अप + यश = अपयश, अध + पका = अधपका, ना + लायक = नालायक, हाफ + टिकट = हाफटिकट आदि।

हिन्दी में मुख्यतः चार प्रकार के उपसर्ग होते है :-

• संस्कृत के उपसर्ग (प्र, परा, अप, सम्, अनु, अव, निस्, निर्, दुस्, दुर्, वि, आङ्, नि, अधि, अपि, अति, सु, उत्, अभि, प्रति, परि तथा उप)
• हिंदी के उपसर्ग (अन, अध, उन, औ, कु, चौ, पच, पर, बिन, भर, स, सह, चिर, न, बहु, आप, सम, दु)
• उर्दू के उपसर्ग (ला, बद, बे, कम, ग़ैर, ना, खुश, हम, ऐन, सर, बेश, बा, अल)
• अंग्रेजी के उपसर्ग (ब, हाफ, को, हैड, वाइस)

प्रत्यय - 

• नवीन शब्द का निर्माण करने के लिए शब्दों के अंत में जोडे़ गए शब्दांशों को प्रत्यय कहते हैं।
• प्रत्यय मुख्यतः दो प्रकार के होते है -

वार्तनिक दृष्टि से अशुद्ध शब्द पूज्यनीय, प्रमाणिक है। 

अशुद्ध शब्द के शुद्ध रूप निम्नलिखित हैं :-

• पूज्यनीय - पूजनीय (आदरणीय)
• प्रमाणिक - प्रामाणिक (प्रमाण द्वारा सिद्ध)

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों में वार्तनिक दृष्टि से कोई अशुद्धि नहीं है। 

• शिरोधार्य, अन्तर्धान
• मध्याह्न, भौगोलिक
• कृतज्ञ, नीरोग

Additional Informationअशुद्ध शब्द के शुद्ध रूप -

• अध्यात्मिक - आध्यात्मिक
• कर्त्तव्यपालन - कर्त्तव्य-पालन
• ईर्षा - ईर्ष्या
• क्षत्रीत - क्षत्रिय
• दुरावस्था - दुरवस्था
• निवारन - निवारण
• पदमिनी - पद्मिनी
• विशेस - विशेष
• मनोग्य - मनोज्ञ
• सन्यास - संन्यास
• स्थाई - स्थायी
• विशिष्ठ - विशिष्ट
• अहिल्या - अहल्या
• सर्जन - सृजन

सही उत्तर है - (A) - 3, (B) - 1, (C) - 4, (D) - 2

• सूची-l में मुहावरे दिए गए हैं और सूची-ll में मुहावरो के अर्थ दिए गए हैं।
• मुहावरा संक्षिप्त होता है, परन्तु अपने इस संक्षिप्त रूप में मुहावरा किसी बड़े विचार या भाव को प्रकट करता है।

Key Pointsउपर्युक्त सूची के लिए सही जोड़ी निम्नलिखित है -

इस प्रकार सही सुमिलन (A) - 3, (B) - 1, (C) - 4, (D) - 2 होगा।

प्रसू, अम्बिका, जननी ये शब्द माता के पर्यायवाची हैं। 

• माता का अर्थ - जन्म देने वाली स्त्री
• माता का पर्यायवाची - प्रसू, अम्बिका, जननी
• माता के अन्य पर्यायवाची - जन्मदात्री, मातरि, महन्तिन, धात्री
• वाक्य प्रयोग - धरती माता समान होती है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• स्वसा का अर्थ - भगिनी, बहन
  

वामा का अर्थ - औरत, स्त्री

सोदरा का अर्थ - सगी बहन

• सुरा, वारुणी, हाला ये मद्य/शराब शब्द के पर्यायवाची हैं।
• कान्ता, दारा, अर्धांगिनी ये विवाहिता नारी/पत्नी शब्द के पर्यायवाची हैं।

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द -

• खल - दुर्जन, दुष्ट, घूर्त, कुटिल
• बारिश - वर्षण, वृष्टि, वर्षा, पावस
• वज्र - कुलिस, पवि, अशनि, दभोलि
• दर्पण - आरसी, शीशा, आईना
• दीन - दरिद्र, रंक, अकिंचन, कंगाल
• कण्ठ -  ग्रीवा, गर्दन, गला
• ऊधम - उपद्रव, उत्पात, धूम, हुड़दंग
• समीप - सन्निकट, आसन्न, निकट
• उग्र – प्रचण्ड, उत्कट, तेज, तीव्र

'We have taken our breakfast.' का सटीक हिंदी रूपांतरण 'हमने नाश्ता कर लिया है।' होगा।

• किसी भाषा में कही या लिखी गयी बात का किसी अन्य भाषा में सार्थक रूपांतरण करना ही अनुवाद कहलाता है।
• अंग्रेजी - We have taken our breakfast.
• हिंदी अनुवाद - हमने नाश्ता कर लिया है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• हिंदी - हमने नाश्ता रख लिया है।
• अंग्रेजी अनुवाद - We kept our breakfast.
• हिंदी - हमने नाश्ता कर लिया था।
• अंग्रेजी अनुवाद - We had our breakfast.
• हिंदी - हम नाश्ता ले कर गए थे।
• अंग्रेजी अनुवाद - We carried our breakfast with us.

Important Pointsअनुवाद करते समय निम्नलिखित बातों पर भी ध्यान देना चाहिए -

• अनुवाद की भाषा सरल होनी चाहिए।
• अनूदित अंश का प्रवाह नष्ट नहीं होना चाहिए।
• अनुवाद के वाक्य जहाँ तक हो सके, छोटे होने चाहिए।
• अनुवाद में बनावटीप��� नहीं आना चाहिए।
• जिस अंश का अनुवाद किया जाये, उसका मूल विचार या भाव बरकरार रहना चाहिए।

'एक पानी का गिलास लाओ' वाक्य में पदक्रम संबंधि अशुद्धि है। 

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - एक पानी का गिलास लाओ।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - पानी का एक गिलास लाओ।
• उपर्युक्त वाक्य में पदक्रम संबंधि त्रुटि है।
• दोनों वाक्यों में सभी शब्द समान हैं किंतु पहले वाक्य में सही पदक्रम की कमी है, जबकि दूसरा वाक्य उचित पदक्रम के अनुसार है।

Mistake Pointsपदक्रम संबंधि:-

उदाहरण –

अशुद्ध रूप – जाता वह बाज़ार है।

शुद्ध रूप – वह बाज़ार जाता है।

Additional Information

• वाक्य भाषा की महत्त्वपूर्ण इकाई है।
• वाक्य में व्याकरण के अनुसार पदों का क्रमबद्ध होना बहुत अधिक आवश्यक है अन्यथा वाक्य का अर्थ भी बदल सकता है।
• वाक्य को बोलते व लिखते समय उसकी शुद्धता, स्पष्टता और सार्थकता का ध्यान रखना आवश्यक है।
• वाक्य में क्रिया, कर्ता, लिंग, वचन, वर्तनी, विशेषण इत्यादि अशुद्धियाँ हो सकती हैं।

सही उत्तर है - (a) - iii, (b) - i, (c) - iv, (d) - ii

• सूची-l में अनेक शब्द दिए गए है और सूची-ll में एक शब्द दिए गए हैं।
• कुछ ऐसे पद या शब्द होते है, जो अपने में पूरे एक वाक्य या वाक्यांश का अर्थ रखते है। इन्हीं शब्दों को अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द कहा जाता है।

Key Pointsउपर्युक्त सूची के लिए सही जोड़ी निम्नलिखित है -

• इस प्रकार सही सुमिलन (a) - iii, (b) - i, (c) - iv, (d) - ii होगा।

• गंधसार, मलयज, श्रीखण्ड उक्त सभी शब्द चंदन के पर्यायवाची हैं।
• जो शब्द समान अर्थ प्रदान करते हैं वे शब्द पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• चंदन का अर्थ - एक पेड़ जिसकी लकड़ी सुगंधित होती है।
• चंदन के पर्यायवाची - गंधसार, मलयज, श्रीखण्ड
• वाक्य प्रयोग - दक्षिण भारत में भारी मात्रा में चंदन के पेड़ पाये जाते हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प के पर्याय - 

• मेंढक - वर्षाप्रिय, दर्दुर, दादुर
• नाव - डोंगी, तरी, तरिणी, जलयान
• मोर - शिखी, नर्तकप्रिय, मयूर, नीलकंठ

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द -

• सुगंधि - सौरभ, सुरभि, महक, खुशबू
• ओज - तेज, शक्ति, बल, वीर्य
• अर्थ - धन, द्रव्य, मुद्रा, दौलत, वित्त
• उपवन - उद्यान, वाटिका, गुलशन
• घृत - घी, अमृत, नवनीत
• तीर -  शर, बाण, अनी, सायक
• रात्रि - निशा, तम��्विनी, यामिनी, शर्वरी
• मनुष्य - मानव, मानुष, मनुज, नर
• आकृत - आकर, चेहरा, नैन नक्श

संधि की दृष्टि से स्वागत - दीर्घ स्वर संधि ये युग्म अनुचित है। 

• जब इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ के आगे कोई भिन्न स्वर आता है तो ये क्रमश: य, व, र में परिवर्तित हो जाते हैं, इस परिवर्तन को यण सन्धि कहते हैं।

यण संधि के नियम -

• इ/ई + अ/आ/उ/ऊ = य
• उ/ऊ + इ/ई/अ/आ = व्
• ऋ + अ/आ/उ/ऊ/इ/ई = र
• स्वागत यण संधि है।
• यण संधि (उ + आ = वा)
  

स्वागत = सु + आगत

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• व्यंजन संधि
  

तल्लीन = तत् + लीन

• यण स्वर संधि
  

मात्रिच्छा = मातृ + इच्छा

• विसर्ग संधि
  

मनश्चिकित्सा = मन: + चिकित्सा

Additional Informationसंधि तीन प्रकार के होते हैं -

स्वर संधि 

1. दीर्घ संधि

• अ/आ + अ/आ = आ
• इ/ई + इ/ई = ई
• उ + उ = ऊ

2. गुण संधि

• अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ
• अ/आ + इ/ई = ए
• अ + ऋ = अर्

3. वृद्धि संधि

• अ/आ + ए/ऐ = ऐ
• अ/आ + ओ/औ = औ

4. यण संधि

• इ/ई + अ/आ/उ/ऊ = य
• उ/ऊ + इ/ई/अ/आ = व्
• ऋ + अ/आ/उ/ऊ/इ/ई = र

5. अयादी संधि

• ए + अन्य स्वर = अय
• ऐ + अन्य स्वर = आय
• ओ + अन्य स्वर = अव
• औ + अन्य स्वर = आव
• व्यंजन सन्धि
• विसर्ग सन्धि

The correct answer is 'Be possibly dangerous'.

Key Points

• Let us analyze the given phrase 'Potentially harmful circumstances' and understand the meaning of the words used in it - 
• Potentially - having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future.
• harmful - causing or likely to cause harm.
• circumstances - a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action.
• Dangerous as used in the given options refer to the harmful nature of situations.
• To completely understand the meaning of the given phrase we need to see which of the words used in the given options are synonymous to Potentially. 
• ​certainly - used to emphasize the speaker's belief that what is said is true.
• fairly - to a moderately high degree.
• possibly - perhaps (used to indicate doubt or hesitancy).
• seldom - not often; rarely.
• From the above meanings, it is clear that 'possibly' is the most synonymous word for potentially.
• Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'To organize our lives'.

Key Points

• The given phrase To get our lives in order implies that the author is talking about maintaining a sense of equilibrium in our lives.
• This can be achieved by organizing our lives correctly.
• Hence, 'to organize our lives' is the correct meaning of the given phrase.
• So, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'laxness'.

Key Points

• Carelessness means failure to give sufficient attention to avoiding harm or errors; negligence.
• Let us look into the meaning of the given options - 
• laxness - the quality of being lax and neglectful.
• heedfulness - the trait of staying aware of (paying close attention to) your responsibilities.
• caution - care taken to avoid danger or mistakes.
• vigilance - the action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
• From the above meanings, it is evident that 'laxness' is the correct synonym of the word 'carefulness'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'in with'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence implies that a certain person (he) pretended to follow the plan of the subject (me) but in reality was working against it.
• The correct phrasal verb for the given blank is 'fall in with' which means 'to agree to something​'. 
• For Example - She fell in with my idea at once.​
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 
  

Correct sentence - He pretended to fall in with my plan but secretly he was working against it.

The correct answer is 'sleeping, to camp'.

Key Points

• The given sentence has two independent clauses - 
• Clause 1 - We suggested (sleep) in hotels
• Clause 2 -  the children were anxious (camp) out.
• Both the bracketed words imply that we have to decide whether to use gerunds or infinitives in their place.
• Whether we use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence.
• Gerunds can be used after certain verbs including enjoy, fancy, discuss, dislike, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, keep, and avoid.
• So, In clause 1, we need to use the gerund form of the verb sleep which is sleeping.
• ​Infinitives can be used after certain verbs including agree, ask, decide, help, plan, anxious, hope, learn, want, would like, and promise.
• ​So, In clause 2, we need to use the infinitive form of the verb camp which is to camp.
• ​Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 
  

Correct sentence - We suggested (sleeping) in hotels but the children were anxious (to camp) out.

The correct answer is 'to build a boundary'.

Key Points

• Let us look into the meanings of the word bound -
• As a verb, it can mean
• to walk or run with leaping strides. - Raj came bounding down the stairs.
• place within certain limits; restrict. - Freedom of action is bounded by law.
• tie or fasten (something) tightly together. - They bound her hands and feet.
• As a noun, it can mean 
• a leaping movement towards or over something. - I went up the steps in two effortless bounds.
• From the above meanings, it is clear that options 2, 3, and 4 are all correct meanings of the word bound.
• Only, option 1 is an incorrect meaning, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'RPSQ'.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the sentence, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them.
• Part R is the independent part and states what the action that the subjects can perform. It points out how the subjects (we) can take something.
• So, part R is the first part after rearrangement.
• Part P points out what the subjects can take which is a document. Hence, P follows R.
• Part S which states where the document is (on the table) should come in the third spot to maintain continuity.
• Part Q is the concluding part of the sentence as it provides information regarding why the subjects should take the document.
• Thus, the correct order after rearrangement is option 3 i.e. RPSQ.

So, the correct sentence is : can we take (R)/ this document (P)/ on the table (S)/ as proof of his guilt (Q)

The correct answer is 'Option 2 or i - (d), ii - (c), iii - (b), iv - (a)'.

Key Points

• Let us look into the meaning of the idioms given in Column-I. 
• Call it a day means to stop what you are doing because you do not want to do any more or think you have done enough: I'm getting a bit tired now - let's call it a day.
• So, meaning of idiom (i) is given by d. Hence i - (d).
• Feeling under the weather means slightly unwell or in low spirits: I'm feeling a bit under the weather - I think I'm getting a cold. 
• So, meaning of idiom (ii) is given by (c). Hence ii - (c).
• Spill the beans means to let secret information become known: We'll all be there at 6 for the surprise party – now don't spill the beans! 
• So, meaning of idiom (iii) is given by (b). Hence iii - (b).
• Break a leg is usually used in theater to wish good luck to actors before they go up on stage: Danny's family told him to “break a leg” right before he went up on stage. 
• So, meaning of idiom (iv) is given by (a). Hence iv - (a).
• From the above the correct matches that we get are - i - (d), ii - (c), iii - (b), iv - (a)
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Shakespeare' is a proper noun used as a comparative.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence, two proper nouns are being compared i.e. 'Kalidas' and 'Shakespeare'.
• Definite article 'The' is used when two proper nouns are compared.
• So, the reason behind using 'the' is because Shakespeare is a proper noun being compared to another proper noun.
• So, option 2 or Shakespeare' is a proper noun used as a comparative is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'You have to be back within two hours.'

Key Points

• Let us analyze the given sentence -
• The sentence uses the verb must. 
• Must is used to express insistence or necessity. - you must try some of this fish / you must show your ID card
• So the given sentence implies that it is necessary for the person (you) to come back within two hours.
• Let us look into the meaning of the sentences in the options - 
• Option 1 uses likely which implies that the person would probably be back within two hours.
• Option 2 uses have to which implies that it is necessary for the person to come back within two hours.
• Option 3 uses obliged which implies that the person is morally bound to come back within two hours.
• Option 4 uses have the option which implies that the person has a choice of whether they want to return within two hours or not.
• From the above descriptions, it is clear that option 2 is the most appropriate alternative from the given options that comes closest to the idea conveyed by the given sentence.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'It is known that the bridge was blown up by the extremists.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in active voice. As per the question we have to change it to passive voice.
• The given sentence is a complex sentence and it has two clauses joined by the conjunction 'that' - 
• The principal clause - They know
• The subordinate clause - extremists blew up the bridge
• To change complex sentences from active to passive we need to separately change their voice and join them with that.
• Changing the principal clause from active to passive
• This is simply done by changing the tense from present to past form.
• So, 'They know' becomes 'It is known'. -------(i)
• The structure of the subordinate clause is as follows:
• Subject + past participle + Object (Active voice)
• Subject (objective case) + was + past participle + by Object (subjective case) (Passive voice)
• Example: 
• She built a large garden. (Active voice)
• A large garden was built by her. (Passive voice)
• The subject of the subordinate clause is ‘extremists’.
• The object of the subordinate clause is ‘the bridge’.
• The subject will be put in place of the object and the object will be put in place of the subject.
• 'blew up' will be changed to 'was blown up'.
• So, the subordinate clause in passive voice becomes - the bridge was blown up by the extremists. ------- (ii)
• Joining (i) and (ii) with the conjunction 'that', we get the passive voice form for the given sentence.
• Correct sentence - It is known that the bridge was blown up by the extremists.
• Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The erroneous part is 'who has led'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence talks about Nehru who is a historical figure.
• So, the sentence should be in the past tense.
• In option 3 - who has led, the incorrect tense 'has' has been used.
• 'has' is the present tense form of the verb 'to have'.
• So, the erroneous part of the sentence is 'who has led' which makes option 3 the correct answer.
• The sentence can be made correct by using the past tense form 'had' of the verb '**to have'.
  

Correct sentence - Nehru was one of the greatest statesmen who had led the Non-aligned Movement.

The correct answer is 'Option 4 - a - (ii), b - (iv), c - (i), d - (iii)​'.

Key Points

• Let us look into the usage of the prepositions given in Column-(B) - 
• (i) for - used to talk about a purpose or a reason for something. - I’m going for some breakfast.
• (ii) of - Of commonly introduces prepositional phrases which are complements of nouns, creating the pattern: noun + of + noun. This pattern is very common, especially to indicate different parts, pieces, amounts and groups: Lima is the capital of Peru.
• (iii) at - expressing the target of a shot from a weapon. - He fired at the helpless children.
• (iv) to - identifying the person or thing affected by or receiving something. - You sent the letter to her.
• From the above usage descriptions, we can conclude that - 
• The preposition (i) for is appropriate for sentence (c) - We must all pray for peace.
• The preposition (ii) of is appropriate for sentence (a) - My mother is afraid of cats. (afraid (noun) + of + cats (noun))
• The preposition (iii) at is appropriate for sentence (d) - The crowd threw stones at the police.
• The preposition (iv) to is appropriate for sentence (b) - If you want permission you must apply to the Principal.
• Thus, the matches that we get are - a - (ii), b - (iv), c - (i), d - (iii)
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'He said that his wife would leave for Vienna the next day.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is an assertive sentence.
• While changing the narration of an assertive sentence, we need to follow the given steps - 
• The reporting verb said remains unchanged**.** ( This is because the given sentence does not have a direct personal object, the reporting verb said remains unchanged.)
• The conjunction 'that' is used in place of commas and inverted commas.
• The pronoun 'my' is in first person in the direct speech and should be changed to third person 'his'.
• The simple present tense verb 'leaves' is changed to the conditional 'would leave'.
• 'Tomorrow' is changed to 'next day'.
• Eventually, we will get the final sentence- " He said that his wife would leave for Vienna the next day."
• So, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Option 3  - a - (iii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (ii)'.

Key Points 

• Let us look into the meaning of the given options in both columns -
• Column-I words
• (a) conceal – not allow to be seen; hide.
• (b) hedonist – a person who believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life; a pleasure-seeker.
• (c) hackneyed – (of a phrase or idea) having been overused; unoriginal and trite.
• (d) ephemeral – lasting for a very short time.
• Column-II words
• (i) ascetic – characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.
• (ii) permanent – lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely.
• (iii) reveal – make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others.
• (iv) original – present or existing from the beginning; first or earliest.
• From the above meanings, it is clear that the correct antonyms for the words given in Column-I are as follows
• a and (iii) are antonyms
• b and (i) are antonyms
• c and (iv) are antonyms
• d and (ii) are antonyms
• So, the correct matches are - a - (iii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (ii)
• Hence option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Option 1  - a - (iv), b - (i), c - (iii), d - (ii)'.

Key Points

• Let us look into the meaning of the given options in Column I -
• Column-I words
• (a) incongruous – not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something. - This matches with (iv) of Column-II.
• (b) resilient – (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. - This matches with (i) of Column-II.
• (c) obsolete – no longer produced or used; out of date. - This matches with (iii) of Column-II.
• (d) omniscient – knowing everything. - This matches with (ii) of Column-II.
• From the above meanings it is clear that the correct matches are as follows - a - (iv), b - (i), c - (iii), d - (ii)
• Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

Average of 40 innings = 50 runs

Highest Score = 172 + Lowest Score

Average of remaining 38 innings = 48 runs

Concept used:

(Average = \frac {\text{Sum of all observations}} {\text{Number of observations}})

Calculation:

Sum of all 40 innings = 40 × 50 = 2000

Sum of all 38 innings = 38 × 48 = 1824

⇒ Highest Score + Lowest Score = 176 ---------(1)

⇒ Highest Score - Lowest Score = 172  ----------(2)

On solving equation (1) and equation (2) we get,

⇒ 2 Highest Score = 348

⇒ Highest Score = 174

⇒ Lowest Score = 2

∴ The highest score in one inning is 174 runs.

Given:

Concept used:

The Sum of the three angles of a triangle is 180°

Calculations:

In ▵ABC,

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

⇒ x + 2x + ∠C = 180°

=> 3x + ∠C = 180°

⇒ ∠C = 180° - 3x . (Internal)....(1)

Now, again, in ▵EDC,

∠E + ∠D + ∠C = 180°

⇒ 180° - 3y + y + ∠C = 180°

⇒ ∠C = 2y (External)  

⇒ ∠C = 180° - 2y (Internal)  ....(2)

Equating both the equation,

180° - 3x = 180° - 2y

⇒ 3x = 2y

⇒ x = (\dfrac{2 y}{3})

∴ The answer is (\dfrac{2 y}{3})

Calculation:

By applying option elimination method,

from option 2 :

⇒ a =7 and b =3

Putting value of a and b

⇒ [5+((3\over7))] × [3+((1\over2))]

⇒ (38\over7)  × (7\over2)  = 19

∴ The correct answer is a = 7, b = 3.

Given:

% marks required to pass the exam = 33%

Marks required to pass the exam= 238 + 26 = 264

Calculation:

According to question,

Maximum marks of exam will be 100%.

So,

⇒ 33% = 264

⇒ 100% = (264\over33) × 100 = 800

∴ The correct answer is 800.

Given:

Invested amount by Q = 80,000

Invested amount for the month by Q = 12 month

Invested amount by P = 72,000

Ratio of profit = 3 : 5

Concept used:

Profit = Investment × time

Calculation:

Let, the amount invested by P in months = x 

We know that, the profit divide in the ratio of their investment.

So,

 (\Rightarrow \frac{80000×12}{72000×x})  =(5\over3)

x = 8 months.

∴ The correct answer is 8 months.

Calculation:

Let P has x money and Q has y money.

According to question,

Case 1-

⇒ 2 (x − 30) = ( y + 30)

⇒ 2x − 60 = y + 30

⇒ 2x − y = 90--------(1)

Case 2-

⇒ x + 10 = 3(y − 10)

⇒ x + 10 = 3y − 30

⇒ x − 3y = - 40

⇒ 2x − 6y = - 80---------(2)

Subtraction (2) From (1)

⇒ (2x − 6y) − (2x − y) = - 80 - 90   

⇒ −5y = - 170

⇒ 5y = 170

⇒ y = 34

Putting y = 34 in (1)

⇒ 2x − y = 90

⇒ 2x − 34 = 90

⇒ 2x = 90 + 34

⇒ 3x = 124

⇒ x = 62

∴ P had money ₹62.

Concept used:

(Average = \frac{\text{Sum of all observations}}{\text{No of observations}})

Calculation:

Let there be x children.

From statement 1- 

Age of teacher = x years.

From statement 2-

Average age of (x + 1) persons = (x + 1) years.

Teacher's age = [(x+1)(x+1)] − x²

= (x²+1+2x) − x²

= (1+2x)

From this, we can't determine the value of x.

Hence, both statements I and II are not sufficient to answer.

Given:

Total work completed by X, Y, Z= 10 days

X left after 4 days.

Y and Z completed the remaining work in 10 more days.

Concept used:

Work done = Time × efficiency

Calculation:

According to question,

⇒ (X + Y + Z) 10 = (X + Y + Z) 4 + (Y + Z) 10

⇒ (X + Y + Z) 6 = (Y + Z) 10

⇒ 6X = 4(Y + Z)

⇒ X/(Y + Z) = 2/3

Total Work = (X + Y + Z)10 = 5 × 10 = 50

Time taken by X to complete whole work = 50/2

⇒ 25 days

∴ The correct answer is 25 days.

Given:

Scooty price = Rs. 50,000

Down payment = Rs. 10,400

Number of installments = 4

Rate of interest = 25% 

Concept used : 

A = P + SI 

Where,

(SI = \frac{{P}×{R}×{T}}{100})

Calculation:

Since Rs.10,400 was given for down payments.

∴ Amount to be paid  = Rs. 39600

According to the question,

⇒ 39600 + 39600 × 25/100 × 4 =

([x + (x + \frac{25x}{100}) + (x + \frac{{25}×{2x}}{100}) + (x +\frac{{25}×{3x}}{100}) ])

⇒ 39600 + 39600 × 25/100 × 4 = ([x + \frac{5x}{4} + \frac{3x}{2} + \frac{7x}{4}])

⇒ (79200 =) (\frac{22x}{4})

⇒ (7200 = \frac{2x}{4})

⇒ x = 14400

∴ The correct answer is Rs.14400.

Given:

The population of the city = 1,00,000

First-year increase = 5%

Second year increase = 8%

Third year increase = 3%

Concept used:

If the original population of a locality is P and r_1, r₂  and r₃ be the rate of change in 1st. 2nd and 3rd years , then change in the population(increase/decrease) after 3 years is given as 

P(1 + r₁/100)(1 - r₂/100)(1 + r₃/100)

Calculation:

The population of a city = 1,00,000

According to question

= 1,00,000 × 21/20 × 23/25 × 103/100

= 99,498

∴ The correct answer is 99,498.

Calculation:

On factorizing the polynomials given we get,

= (q2  + 3q) 

= q(q+3)

= (q2  + 5q + 6)

 

= (q² + 3q+2q+6)

 

= q(q+3)+2(q+3)

= (q+3)(q+2)

= (q2 + 4q +3)

= (q² + 3q +q+3)

= q(q+3)+(q+3)

= (q+1)(q+3)

So, the LCM is the least common factor that are these among these equations-

=q(q+1)(q+2)(q+3)

∴ The correct answer is q (q + 3) (q +2) (q + 1).

Given:

Marked Price % = 10 %

Discount % = 10 %

Concept used:

Loss = CP - SP

Discount = MP - SP

Calculation:

Let CP = 100

Then the shopkeeper marks it at 10% more

= 100 × 110/100

= 110

Now, he gives 10% rebate on the mark price.

= 110 × 90/100

= 99

SP = 99

So, CP-SP = 1

∴ There is a loss.

Shortcut Trick

⇒110/100×90/100 = 99/100 

So, 100 - 99 = 1

∴ There is a loss.

Given:

Upstream Distances = 30 km and 44 km

Downstream Distances = 40 km and 55 km

Time taken = 10 hr and 13 hr

Concept used :

Speed in upstream = (\frac{D}{x - y})

Speed in downstream = (\frac{D}{x + y})

Where,

x = Speed of boat

y = Speed of stream

Calculation:

Speed in still water = x

Speed of stream = y

Upstream = x - y

Downstream = x - y

(30\over x-y)+(44\over x+y) = 10-------------eq.1

(40\over x-y)+(55\over x+y) = 13-------------eq. 2

Checking the downstream value of 44 and 55.

We can see that it is a multiple of 11.

so, ​from eq 1

x + y = 11---------eq.3

If x + y = 4 then we need x - y = 6 in eq.1 to make it equal to 10.

The multiple of 11 follow both eq.1 and 2 in downstream.

So x-y will give 6 when it divided by 5.

x - y = 5-----------------eq.4

Solving eq.3 and 4

x + y = 11

x - y = 5

x = 8 km/h

∴The correct answer is 8km/h .

Given:

24 is 2/3 of 3/4 of a number

Calculation:

Let the number be x.

According to the question,

⇒ x × (\dfrac{2}{3}) × (\dfrac{3}{4}) =24

⇒ x = 24 × (\dfrac{3}{2}) × (\dfrac{4}{3}) = 48

Now, x = 48 × (\dfrac{1}{4}) = 12

⇒ x = 12

Given:

The diagonal of the rhombus are 24 cm and 12 cm.

Formula used:

Pythagoras theorem,

h = (\sqrt{P^2 + b^2})

Where, h = Hypotaneous, P = Perpendicular, and b = Base

Calculation:

In ΔOCD,

Using the Pythagoras theorem,

CD = (\sqrt{OC^2 + OD^2})

⇒ (\sqrt{12^2 + 9^2} ) 

⇒ (\sqrt{144 + 81}) = (\sqrt{225}) = 15 cm

∴ The length of each side of the rhombus is 15 cm.

Given:

O is the center of a circle of radius = 5cm,  

PQ is tangent to the circle at P. 

PQ meets the line OP passing through O & P. 

OQ=12cm.

Formula used:

Pythagoras theorem,

h = (√{P^2+b^2})

Where, h = Hypotaneous, P = Perpendicular, and b = Base

Calculation:

The angle between a tangent and the radius through the point of contact is 90^o.

∠OPQ = 90 

In ΔOPQ,

Using the Pythagoras theorem,

PQ = √(OQ² - OP²) 

⇒ √(12² - 5²) 

⇒ √(144 - 25)  = √119

∴ The length of PQ is √119

Given:

The average age of 8 persons is increased by 2 years when two persons of age 20 years and 24 years are replaced by two women.

Formula used:

Average = (\dfrac{sum \ of \ observation}{number \ of \ observation})

Calculations:

Let the average of 8 person be x years

So, the total age of 8 persons = 8x

Now, let a and b be the two women who replacing two persons,

According to the question,

⇒ (\dfrac{8x - 20 - 24 + a + b}{8}) = x + 2

⇒​ 8x - 20 - 24 + a + b = 8(x + 2)

⇒​ 8x - 44 + a + b = 8x + 16

⇒​ a + b = 16 + 44

⇒​ a + b = 60

Now, requires an average of these two women = (\dfrac{a + b}{2})

⇒​ (\dfrac{60}{2}) = 30 years

∴ The answer is 30 years

Given:

Calculations:

AB = BC   (given)

∴ ∠ACB = ∠BAC = 55°

∴ ∠ACD = 180° - ∠ACB = 180° - 55° = 125°

CE is the angle bisector of ∠ACD

∴ ∠ACE = ∠ACD/2 = 125°/2 = 62.5°

∴ ∠ACE = 62.5°

Given:

x + (k + 1)y = 5

(k + 1)x + 9y = 8k - 1

Concept used:

For a pair of linear equations to have infinitely many solutions, 

(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}=\dfrac{c_1}{c_2})

Calculation:

x + (k + 1)y = 5

(k + 1)x + 9y = 8k - 1

a₁ = 1, a₂ = K+1, b₁ = K+1, b₂ = 9, c₁ = 5, and c₂ = 8k - 1

The Linear equation has an infinite solution,

(\dfrac{x}{k+1}=\dfrac{k+1}{9}=\dfrac{5}{-1})

From, (\dfrac{1}{k+1}=\dfrac{k+1}{9})

⇒ (k + 1)² = 9 

⇒ k + 1 = √9 = ± 3

So, k = 2 and k = -4

From, (\dfrac{1}{k+1}=\dfrac{5}{8k - 1})

⇒ 5(k+1) = 8k-1

⇒ 5k+5 = 8k-1

⇒ 3k = 6

⇒ k = 2

From, (\dfrac{k+1}{9}=\dfrac{5}{8k - 1})

⇒ (k+1) (8k-1) = 45

⇒ 8k² + 8k - k - 1 = 45

⇒ 8k² + 7k - 46 = 0

⇒ k = 2 or k = -23/8

So, k=2 is the correct answer.

Given:

(\dfrac{13}{5^{3}})

Calculations:

(\dfrac{13}{5^{3}})

= (\dfrac{13}{125})

= 0.104

∴ The answer is 0.104

Given:

 

 

Calculations:

Let, join A and B to any point D on the circle. We know that, the angle made by an arc at any point on the circle is half of the angle subtended at the centre.

Let ∠ACB be y and ∠AOB be x

Since, ∠ACB and ∠AOB are opposite angles.

 

Thus, ∠AOB = ∠ACB = x

 

∴ ∠ADB = (\dfrac{1}{2}) × ∠AOB

 

= (\dfrac{1}{2}) × x

 

Since, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

 

∴ ∠ADB + ∠ACB = 180° (sum of opposite angles in cyclic quadrilateral is 180°)

 

=> (\dfrac{1}{2}) × x + x = 180°

 

=> x + 2x = 360°

 

=> 3x = 360°

 

=> x = (\dfrac{360}{3})

 

=> x = 120°

 

∴ The answer is 120°

Given:

(2x - 1) is a factor of 2x³ + ax² + 11x + a + 3

Calculations:

As 2x - 1 is one of the factor, then one of the roots will be, x = (\dfrac{1}{2})

Now, putting x = (\dfrac{1}{2}) in the given equation and equating the same to zero.

=> 2 × ((\dfrac{1}{2}))³ + a × ((\dfrac{1}{2}))² + 11 × (\dfrac{1}{2}) + a + 3 = 0

=> 2 × (\dfrac{1}{8}) + a × (\dfrac{1}{4}) + 11 × (\dfrac{1}{2}) + a + 3 = 0

=> (\dfrac{1}{4}) + (\dfrac{a}{4})(\dfrac{11}{2}) + a + 3 = 0

=> (\dfrac{5a}{4}) + (\dfrac{35}{4}) = 0

=> 5a + 35 = 0

=> 5a = - 35

=> a = (\dfrac{-35}{5})

= - 7

∴ The answer is - 7

Given:

(\frac{(0.2)^{3}+(0.3)^{3}+(0.5)^{3}-3 \times 0.2 \times 0.3 \times 0.5}{(0.2)^{2}+(0.3)^{2}+(0.5)^{2}-0.2 \times 0.3-0.2 \times 0.5-0.3 \times 0.5})

Formula used:

a³ + b³ + c³ - 3abc = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c²- ab - bc - ac)

Calculation:

(\frac{(0.2)^{3}+(0.3)^{3}+(0.5)^{3}-3 \times 0.2 \times 0.3 \times 0.5}{(0.2)^{2}+(0.3)^{2}+(0.5)^{2}-0.2 \times 0.3-0.2 \times 0.5-0.3 \times 0.5})

a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2- ab - bc - ac)

⇒ (\frac{(0.2+0.3+0.5){[(0.2)^{2}+(0.3)^{2}+(0.5)^{2}-0.2 \times 0.3-0.2 \times 0.5-0.3 \times 0.5}]}{[(0.2)^{2}+(0.3)^{2}+(0.5)^{2}-0.2 \times 0.3-0.2 \times 0.5-0.3 \times 0.5]})

⇒ (0.2 + 0.3 + 0.5) = 1

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Given:

A friend asks another friend to give Rs. 100 to become twice as rich as him and again the secomd friend asks for Rs. 10 to become six times as rich as him.

Calculations:

Let the amount with one friend be x and another friend be y

Now, according to problem,

x + 100 = 2(y - 100)

=> x + 100 = 2y - 200

=> x - 2y = - 300 (eqn1)

Now, when the other friend asked for 10 rupees, now, money with one friend becomes = x - 10 and another friend becomes = y + 10

Accroding to problem,

y + 10 = 6(x - 10)

=> y + 10 = 6x - 60

=> 6x - y = 70 (eqn2)

Equating both the equations, we get, x = 40

Putting the value of x = 40 in eqn2, we get,

6 × 40 - y = 70

=> y = 240 - 70 = 170

∴ The answer is Rs. 40, Rs. 170

Given:

Radius of the hemispherical bowl is 3 cm

Formula used:

Volume of hemisphere =(\dfrac{2}{3}) × π × radius³

Calculations:

Radius = 3 cm

∴ Required volume = (\dfrac{2}{3}) × π × 3 × 3 × 3

= 2 × π × 9

= 18π cubic cm

∴ The answer is 18π cubic cm.

Given:

The average present age of Ritu and Priya is 22. and after 8 years, the ratio between Priya's age to Ritu's age is 7 : 8.

Calculation:

Let the  present age of Ritu and Priya be x and y

Sum of ages of Priya and Ritu = 22 × 2 = 44

⇒ x + y = 44 →(1)

According to the question,

After 8 years,

(\dfrac{x+8}{y+8} = \dfrac{7}{8})

⇒ 8x + 64 = 7y + 56

⇒ 8x - 7y = -8 →(2)

From Eqn (1) and (2), we have

x = 20 years and y = 24 years 

Now, the ratio of Ritu's age to Priya's age two years ago.

⇒ (24 - 2) : (20 - 2)

⇒ 22 : 18

⇒ 11 : 9​

∴ The answer is 11 : 9.

Given:

A two-digit number gets reversed when 1/5th of it is added to it.

Calculation:

Let the two-digit number be 10x + y.

According to the question,

(10x + y) + (\dfrac{1}{5})(10x + y) = 10y + x

⇒ 50x + 5y + 10x + y = 50y + 5x

⇒ 60x - 5x  = 50y - 6y

⇒ 55x = 44y

⇒ (\dfrac{x}{y}) = (\dfrac{44}{55}) = (\dfrac{4}{5})

The Number = 10x + y 

⇒ 10 × 4 + 5 = 45

Now, 40% of 45

⇒ (\dfrac{40}{100}) × 45 = 18

∴ The number is 18.

Given:

Principle = Rs. 700

Time = 3 years

Rate = 4%

Formula used:

CI = P[(1 + R/100)^t - 1]

Calculation:

CI = P[(1 + R/100)t - 1]

⇒ 700[(1 + 4/100)³ - 1]

⇒ 700[(26/25)³ - 1]

⇒ 700[(\dfrac{17576-15625}{15625})]

⇒ 700 × (\dfrac{1951}{15625}) = 87.4048 

∴ The answer  is Rs. 87.40

Given:

Spend time in a week 20, 14, 26, 40 and 30 hrs.

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observation

Calculation:

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observation

⇒ (\dfrac{20+14+26+40+30}{5})

⇒ (\dfrac{130}{5}) = 26 hrs.

∴ The answer is 26 years.

Given:

Calculations:

In triangles LMK and PNK,

∠KML = ∠PNK = 46°

∠K = ∠K (common angle)

∴ ▵LMK ~ ▵PNK (angle angle similarity)

=> (\dfrac{KM}{KN}) = (\dfrac{LM}{PN})

=> (\dfrac{b + c}{c}) = (\dfrac{a}{x})

=> x = (\dfrac{ac}{b + c})

∴ The answer is (\dfrac{ac}{b + c})

Given:

LCM = 225, HCF = 5, and One of the number is 25.

Formula used:

First Number × Second Number = LCM × HCF

Calculation:

Let the second number be x.

First Number × Second Number = LCM × HCF

⇒ 25 × x = 5 × 225

⇒ x = (\dfrac{5×225}{25})

⇒ x = 5 × 9 = 45

∴ The second number is 45.

Given:

Length of the scale = 30 cm, 90 cm, 1 m 20 cm, and 1 m 35 cm

Calculation:

1 m 20 cm = 120 cm 

1 m 35 cm = 135 cm  

The greatest length of scale is the HCF of all length.

30 = 2 × 3 × 5

90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5

120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5

135 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5

The HCF of 30, 90, 120, and 135 is 15.

∴ The greatest length of scale must be 15.

The correct answer is man.

• A man's voice is of a lower pitch than a child's voice, a baby boy's, or a woman's voice.
• Man's Voice has the minimum frequency.

Key Points

• Since the frequency of a sound is proportional to its tone, the human voice is of the lowest frequency compared to others.
• Pitch means the sharpness of the voice.
• The man's voice is the least shrill among all the alternatives.
• Thus, it has the lowest pitch among all and hence the lowest frequency.
• A girl child has the highest pitch in this group.

The correct answer is LPG.

• LPG has a maximum calorific value.

Key Points

Additional Information

• The calorific value is the amount of heat energy present in the food or fuel and is determined by the complete combustion of a specified amount under constant pressure and under normal conditions.
• It is also called thermal power.
• The unit of calorific value is kilojoule per kilogram i.e. KJ/Kg.

The correct answer is igneous rocks.

• Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma (molten rocks).
• This rock starts the cycle.
• Hence, it is known as primary rocks.
• The categories of igneous rocks are extrusive and intrusive.
• Examples of igneous are pumice stone, Scoria, and granite.

Additional Information

• Sedimentary rocks- formed by the composition and cementation of layers of sediment (rocks, fragments, organic remains, chemical deposits).
• Examples of sedimentary rocks are conglomerate, shale, sandstone, gypsum, limestone.
• Metamorphic Rocks- Formed when existing rocks are changed by intense heat and pressure.
• Examples of metamorphic rocks are gneiss and schist.

The correct answer is INS Valsura.

Key Points

• Former President Ram Nath Kovind presented the President's Color to the Navy's premier technical training establishment INS Valsura.
• The presidential color is given to a military unit in recognition of the exceptional service rendered to the nation in both peace and war.

Additional Information

• INS Vikrant, also known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1, is an aircraft carrier built by Cochin Shipyard Limited for the Indian Navy.
• It is the first aircraft carrier to be built in India.
• INS Vikramaditya is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier and the flagship of the Indian Navy, which entered service in 2013.
• Originally built as Baku and commissioned in 1987, the carrier served with the Soviet Navy.
• ​INS Sahyadri is a Shivalik class stealth multi-role frigate built for the Indian Navy.
• This class has better stealth and land attack capabilities than the preceding Talwar-class battleships.

The correct answer is evaporation.

Key Points

• Water kept in an earthen pot remains cool even in summer due to evaporation.
• The clay pot has a large number of very small pores through which the water stored inside the pot continues to evaporate and takes the latent heat needed to evaporate from the clay pot and the remaining water.
• Therefore, the heat from the earthen pot and the water is reduced and this cools the water inside the pot.

Additional Information

• Condensation is the process in which water vapor becomes a liquid. This is the reverse of evaporation, where liquid water becomes vapor.
• In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor under the gravitational pull from clouds.
• The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, hail, snow and hail.
• Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential, in a direction that equalizes solute concentrations on both sides.

The correct answer is the refractive index of atmosphere increases with decrease in height.

Key Points

• The reason why a mirage is formed is that "the refractive index of the atmosphere increases with a decrease in altitude" and so the rays are completely refracted and form a mirage.
• As we go down in the atmosphere, the air gets denser, and hence the velocity in that medium decreases.
• Hence, the refractive index increases as we decrease height.

Important Points

• Mirages are caused by the total internal reflection of light by different layers of air.
• It is an optical illusion responsible for the appearance of a layer of water over short distances in a desert or road.
• A mirage is an example of total internal reflection caused by atmospheric refraction.

The correct answer is Molecules of oil are non-polar.

Key Points

• Water is a polar molecule.
• It has two positive molecules and one negative molecule.
• In order to dissolve in water, a compound has to be polar.
• The positive molecule in the compound gets together with the negative molecule in water.
• The negative molecule in the compound gets together with the positive molecule in water.
• Oil is not polar, thus it is unable to perform this reaction.
• Thus, oil does not mix with water.

Additional Information

• Water can dissolve salt.
• The positive part of water molecules attracts the negative chloride ions.
• The negative part of water molecules attracts the positive sodium ions.

The correct answer is Pratapgarh.

Key Points

• PM WANI Scheme launched in Pratapgarh.​ First PM Vani Scheme launched in Rajasthan state,
• youth will get better internet facility,
• data offices will be opened in every panchayat and village.

Additional Information

• Pradhan Mantri WiFi Access Network Initiative (PM Vani Yojana) has been started by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Through this scheme, the facility of Wi-Fi in all public places will be made available by the government.
• This facility will be free.
• There will be a massive WiFi revolution in the country through PM-WANI Yojana.
• Businesses will also get a boost through this scheme.
• Employment opportunities will also increase through PM Vani Yojana.

The correct answer is Military College of Telecommunication Engineering, in Mhow.

Key Points

• The Army Training Command (ARTRAC) is collaborating with IIT-Madras to set up a 5G testbed at the Military College of Telecommunications, Mhow, Indore, to assist the Army in implementing 5G technology for operational applications, especially at international borders.
• In telecommunications, 5G broadband is the fifth-generation technology standard for cellular networks that cellular phone companies began deploying worldwide in 2019, and is the planned successor to the 4G network that provides connectivity to most current cellphones.

The correct answer is between the teeth and gums.

Key Points

• Areolar connective tissue is the type of tissue which connects and surrounds different organs in the human body.
• Areolar connective tissue is found between the skin and muscles, blood vessels and nerves, and bone marrow.

Important Points

• Blood is a type of connective tissue.
• Bone is another example of connective tissue.
• Two bones can be connected to each other by another type of connective tissue called the ligament.
• Another type of connective tissue, cartilage, smoothens bone surfaces at joints and is also present in the nose, ear, trachea and larynx.

The correct answer is Hypotonic.

Key Points

• The presence of the cell wall enables the cells of plants, fungi and bacteria to exist in hypotonic media without bursting.
• If the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell, meaning that the outside solution is very dilute, the cell will gain water by osmosis.
• Such a solution is known as a hypotonic solution.

Additional Information

• Isotonic: If the medium has exactly the same water concentration as the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane. Such a solution is known as an isotonic solution.
• Hypertonic: If the medium has a lower concentration of water than the cell, meaning that it is a very concentrated solution, the cell will lose water by osmosis. Such a solution is known as a hypertonic solution.

The correct answer is EOS-04.

• On February 14, 2022, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C52 successfully launched the EOS-04 satellite from the first launch pad of Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC), SHAR, Sriharikota.
• ​The EOS-04 weighs 1,710 kg and is designed to provide high-quality images in all weather conditions for applications such as agriculture, forestry and plantation, soil moisture and hydrology, and flood mapping with a mission life of ten years.

Additional Information

• The first of these newly designated satellites, EOS-01, launched in November 2020, is currently in orbit.
• EOS-02 is a micro-satellite to be flown on a new launch vehicle named SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle).
• While the launch of EOS-03 failed in August 2021.

The correct answer is Arianespace.

• The GSAT-24 satellite built by ISRO for NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) was successfully launched by French company Arianespace from Kourou in French Guiana (South America).
• GSAT-24 is a 24-Ku band communication satellite, weighing 4180 kg, with pan-India coverage to meet the needs of DTH applications.
• The commercial arm of ISRO, NSIL was established in March 2019 and is a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Department of Space (DOS).

Additional Information

• SpaceX: Space Exploration Technologies Corp. is an American spacecraft manufacturer, space launch provider, and satellite communications corporation headquartered in Hawthorne, California.
• SpaceX was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk.
• Rocket Lab is a public American aerospace manufacturer and launch services provider, with a New Zealand subsidiary
• Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift space launch vehicle developed and operated by Arianespace for the European Space Agency (ESA).

The correct answer is 20,200 km.

• GPS satellites fly in circular orbits at an altitude of 10,900 nautical miles (20,200 km) and for a period of 12 hours.

Additional Information

• The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
• It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geographic location and time information to GPS receivers anywhere on or near Earth where four or more GPS satellites have an unobstructed line of sight.
• The GPS project was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973.

The correct answer is Hercules C-130J.

• For the first time, IAF's C-130J Super Hercules transport aircraft along with Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, Road Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari, and Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria landed on National Highway-925A in Rajasthan's Barmer.

Additional Information

• The Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft.
• The C-130J is a comprehensive update of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, with new engines, flight deck, and other systems.
• The C-130J is the newest version of the C-130 Hercules and the only model in production.
• National Highway 925A, commonly known as NH 925A, is a national highway in India.
• It is a spur route of National Highway 25.
• NH-925A runs in the state of Rajasthan in India.
• NH925A connects Satta and Gandhav in the state of Rajasthan.

The correct answer is 1/15 second.

• It takes about 1/15 seconds for a GPS signal to reach the Earth's surface.

Additional Information

• The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
• It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geographic location and time information to GPS receivers anywhere on or near Earth where four or more GPS satellites have an unobstructed line of sight.
• The GPS project was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973.

The correct answer is December and January.

• Rainfall in Rajasthan occurs sometimes in December-January, there is rain in the form of 'Mawat' from western disturbances.

Key Points

• The climate of Rajasthan in northwestern India is generally arid or semi-arid and has fairly hot temperatures throughout the year with extreme temperatures in both summer and winter.
• More than 90% of the rainfall in Rajasthan comes from the summer south-west monsoon winds.
• In winter, minimum rainfall is also received from western disturbances.
• The rainy season in Rajasthan is of short duration, the monsoon reaches Rajasthan between June 15 and July 15 and starts returning in September.

The correct answer is 1977-78.

Key Points

• The desert development programme started in 1977-78.
• The programme was initiated by the central government under the recommendations of the National Commission on Agriculture.
• The objective of the programme​
• To minimise the effects of adverse climatic conditions.
• To restore ecological balance through natural resources.
• To control desertification.
• The programme also aims to
• Achieve ecological balance.
• To promote overall economic development.
• Improving the socio-economic conditions of the people inhabiting the programme areas.

The correct answer is (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii).

Key Points

• Barkhan - Most dynamic crescent-shaped sand dunes which cause maximum damage. Most-Shekhawati area but more in Jaisalmer in western Rajasthan.
• Lathi series - The geological water belt spread in Jaisalmer.
• Dhad or Talli – Playa lakes formed in Bikaner-Churu to fill rainwater.
• An inselberg or monadock is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge or small mountain that rises abruptly from the surrounding plain of a gently sloping or virtually flat. 
• From the point of view of topography, the Abu mountain block of Rajasthan was called a huge Inselberg.

The correct answer is II-B.

Key Points

Agro-climatic zones of Rajasthan:

Bhomat - Pratapgarh-Chittorgarh is not correctly matched.

Key Points

• Vagad: The tribal area of Banswara and Dungarpur is called Vagad.
• Mewat: In the eastern part of Alwar Bharatpur districts, people of 'Meo caste' reside, hence this area is called Mewat.
• Bhomat: The inaccessible hilly region of the Aravallis in Dungarpur, East Sirohi and Udaipur districts is known as Bhomat.
• Hadoti: Kota, Bundi, Baran, and Jhalawar together became Hadoti.

Important Points

• Malwa: The region of the eastern princely states of Jhalawar and Pratapgarh.
• Rath: Mandawar, Behror, Banusar tehsils of Alwar district together form the Rath region.
• Shekhawati: Sikar, Churu, Jhunjhunu districts are known as Shekhawati.
• Matsya Region: Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur, part of Karauli.

Tropical thorn forests are mostly found in Eastern part of Rajasthan is NOT correct.

Key Points

• Tropical forests are found in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan.
• Tropical forests are found in arid and semi-arid regions.
• This forest extends from the western Indo-Pak border and merges into dry deciduous mixed forests in the Aravalli and southeastern plateau.

Additional Information

• Forest in Rajasthan:
• Dhokra Forest - Most Karauli, Sawai Madhopur, Jaipur
• Palas Van (Dhak Van) -
• Nickname: Flame of the Forest.
• Found in Rajsamand.
• Salar Forest – Udaipur, Rajsamand, Alwar, Ajmer
• Teak Forest – Banswara

The correct answer is Musli.

• Musli is not included in Rajasthan Ghar-Ghar Aushadhi Yojana.

Key Points

• Ghar Ghar Aushadhi Yojana was launched by the Government of Rajasthan on 1st August 2021.
• Through this scheme, medicinal plants will be made available to one crore 26 lakh families in the state.
• Tulsi, Giloy, Kalmegh, and Ashwagandha saplings will be distributed free of cost to every family in the state.

The correct answer is Jaipur, Alwar and Kota.

Key Points

• Alfisols
• Districts: Jaipur, Alwar, Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Banswara, Udaipur, Dungarpur, Bundi, Kota, and parts of Jhalawar.
• These are mature soils with medium to high profile growth.

Additional Information

• Soils in Rajasthan:
• Aridisols - Aridisols are found in the dry climatic regions of Rajasthan. It is found in some areas of Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Pali and Jalore.
• Entisol - The color of this soil is light yellow-brown. It is found in almost all the districts of West Rajasthan.
• Inceptisol - This soil can be found anywhere in areas of semiarid to humid climates. Apart from this, this soil is also found in the plains of alluvial soils in Sirohi, Pali, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Bhilwara and Chittorgarh districts.
• Vertisols - This soil contains a lot of clay. Vertisols are found in most areas of Jhalwara, Bandra, Kota and Bundi of Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Australia.

• The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) is one of the largest underground water sources in the world and the largest groundwater basin in Australia.
• In fact, it is the only reliable resource of fresh water in all of inland Australia.

Key Points

• The Great Artesian Basin is one of Australia's most important water resources.
• It covers an area of 1.7 million square kilometers, about 22 percent of the continent – including 12 percent of New South Wales.
• The basin is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world. The basin is 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) deep in places and is estimated to contain 64,900 cubic kilometers (15,600 cu mi) of groundwater.

The correct answer is Continental slopes.

• Submarine canyon, any of a class of narrow steep-sided valleys that cut into continental slopes and continental rises of the oceans.

Additional Information

• The continental shelf is the edge of a continent that lies beneath the ocean.
• Continents are the seven main parts of land on Earth.
• A continental shelf extends from the coastline of a continent to a drop-off point called a shelf break.
• The continental slope is the slope between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor.
• The continental slope is cut by submarine basins in several places.
• The continental slope marks the seafloor of the continental shelf.
• An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep sea floor, usually found at depths between 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) and 6,000 meters (20,000 ft).
• Typically located between a continental uplift and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface.
• The depth of the ocean is the deepest part of the ocean.
• They are long, narrow, steep-sided and flat-bottomed depressions on the ocean floor.

The correct answer is Atoll.

• Funafuti is an atoll and the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu.
• It has a population of 6,320 people (2017 census), and therefore has more people than the rest of Tuvalu, with about 60% of the population.

Additional Information

• Japan is an island country in East Asia.
• It is located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and is bounded by the Sea of Japan in the west, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south.
• Capital: Tokyo
• Currency: Japanese yen

The correct answer is 25 cm.

Key Points

• The line dividing the sandy arid plains and the semi-arid transitional plain is the climate, that is, 25 cm isohytes.
• The westernmost belt which is 'The Great Desert' is covered with sand dunes which extends along the border of Pakistan from the Great Rann to Punjab.
• The volume and extent of sand dunes greatly influence the economic activities of the region.
• 63 percent of the sand dune area of ​​Rajasthan is concentrated in the desert districts of Barmer, Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

Additional Information

• Dhundhar- Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk and northern part of Karauli.
• Gorwar- South-western part of Rajasthan; having historical capitals- Nadol, Chandrawati and Sirohi. It covers region of Jalore, Sirohi and southern portion of Pali.
• Hadoti- districts like Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar and Kota are part of this region.
• Marwar- Barmer, Jodhpur, Jalore, Nagaur and Pali.
• Mewar- South- central region of Rajasthan:
• In this region the districts covered are- Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pirawa tehsil of Jhalawar (Rajasthan), Neemuch and Mandsaur of M.P. and some parts of Gujarat.
• Mewat- Aravalli range in Alwar district, Pahari, Nagaur, Kaman tehsils in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and some part of Mathura district of U.P.
• Shekhawati- Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Churu and a part of Nagaur and Jaipur.
• Vagad- region in south-eastern Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Jait sagar.

• Jait Sagar Lake, Bundi is not a salt water lake.
• Located close to the Taragarh Fort, this lake is surrounded by hills and covered with pretty lotus flowers that bloom during winter and monsoon.

Key Points

• Saline (Salt) Water lakes
• This are considered as remains of Tethys Sea.
• Deedwana, Lunkaransar, Sambhar, Panchpadra etc.
• Other Salt lakes in Rajasthan:
• Nagaur: Degana, Kuchaman
• Jodhpur: Falaudi
• Sikar: Rewasa
• Jaisalmer: Kavod
• Major fresh or sweet water lakes of Rajasthan are Fateh Sagar, Jaisamand, Pichola, Udaisagar, Swaroop Sagar, Pushkar, Ana Sagar, Foy Sagar etc.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu .

• The state of Tamil Nadu (14) has the most Ramsar sites in India, followed by the state of Uttar Pradesh with 10 sites.

Important Points

• Five new Ramsar sites (wetlands of international importance) were announced in July 2022 by the Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Bhupendra Yadav.
• Thus the total number of Ramsar sites increased to 80.
• The five new Ramsar sites are Karikili Bird Sanctuary, Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest and Pichavaram Mangroves in Tamil Nadu, Sakhya Sagar in Madhya Pradesh and Pala Wetlands in Mizoram.
• Chilika Lake (Orissa) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) were recognized as the first Ramsar Sites of India.

Additional Information

• The Ramsar Convention was signed in 1971 with the aim of conservation and wise use of wetlands with local, national and international cooperation for overall sustainable development of the world.
• Ramsar sites are kept in the Montreux record to track any major ecological changes that may affect any wetland site in a positive or reverse way.
• The Ramsar Convention came into force in India on 1 February 1982.

The correct answer is (i) - (b), (ii) - (a), (iii) - (c), (iv) - (d).

Key Points

• Detroit is known as the center of the automobile industry.
• "Big Three" auto manufacturers General Motors, Ford and Stelantis North America (Chrysler) are headquartered in Metro Detroit.
• The city of Sheffield in England is famous for the production of cutlery since the 17th century.
• Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic and cultural diversity, Hollywood film industry, and vast metropolitan area.
• Multan in Pakistan is famous for Pottery.

The correct answer is Bhabar.

• Bhabar is that narrow strip of plain covered with pebbles and situated in the foothills of Shivaliks from Indus to Teesta.
• ​Shivalik Range, also called Shivalik Hills or Outer Himalayas, Shivalik also spelled Shivalik, Sub-Himalayan Range of the northern Indian subcontinent.

Additional Information

• The Bhangar regions are beyond the floodplains, which are higher, and have older alluvial soils that are higher in sandy loam content than Khadar.
• The Bangar region is less prone to flooding but is generally more sandy and less fertile.
• Deltas are wetlands that form as rivers empty their water and sediment into another body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

The correct answer is Ghagghar.

Key Points

Ghagghar :

• It enters Rajasthan from the North direction and flows through Hanumangarh, Talwara, Anupgarh, and Suratgarh.
• Ghaggar flows across the international border through Sri Ganganagar district and assumes the name, Hakra, near Fort Abbas City in Pakistan.
• The river finally enters into Bhawalpur district of Pakistan where it gets lost in sand dunes.
• The Ghaggar Plain is a combined plain of the two major rivers Ghaggar and Harka.
• It consists of flat plains, with a gentle gradient toward the west.
• It is situated in the Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts of Rajasthan as the Ghaggar basin falls into Ganganagar(60.62%) and Hanumangarh(39.38%).

Additional InformationChambal :

• The Chambal is the chief tributary of the Yamuna River.
• It rises in the Vindhya Range just south of Mhow, western Madhya Pradesh state.
• From its source, it flows north into the southeastern Rajasthan state.

Mahi :

• The Mahi river rises in Madhya Pradesh and flows through Rajasthan and Gujarat into the Arabian Sea.
• The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season.
• The river is known as Ghaggar in India, before the Ottu barrage, and as the Hakra in Pakistan.

Kantli :

• The Katli River is a rainfed seasonal river of the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan in India.

Ajmer is NOT correct.

Key Points

• Aravalli Plantation Program (1992) – in 10 districts (5 North, 5 South):
• Northern part – Jaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Nagaur.
• Southern part – Pali, Chittor, Udaipur, Sirohi, Banswara.
• Purpose – Development of trees, expansion of water catchment area.

Additional Information

• Banas Ground Water Conservation Program (1999-2000)-
• ​It was run by the state government in 4 districts – Tonk, Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur.
• Rajasthan Forestry and Biodiversity Project- 
• Japanese organization JICA (Japan Agency of International Corporation) started from the year 2003-04 in 18 districts of Rajasthan.

The correct answer is 6.5°C/1000 meter.

• Normal Lapse rate is the rate of decrease in temperature with height.
• The normal Lapse rate of temperature in the troposphere is 6.5°C per 1,000 m on an average.
• The temperature of the troposphere generally decreases as altitude increases.

Additional Information

Pyrite - Sarwar is not correctly matched.

Key Points

• In Rajmahal (Tonk) - Garnet
• Kalaguman Region (Rajsamand) - Panna, Emerald
• Saladipur (Sikar) - Pyrites
• In Devpura, Udaipur, Rishabdev - Soapstone
• Janakpura and Sarwar - Copper

Additional Information

• Rajasthan is known as a museum of minerals.
• ​79 types of minerals are found here - 58 major and 21 minor.
• Marble is the main mineral of Rajasthan in terms of the sale price.
• Highest production of wood in Rajasthan.
• Rajasthan has the largest number of mines in the country.
• Rajasthan ranks fifth in the country in terms of income from the mining sector.
• Rajasthan is rich in minerals in the Aravalli region and plateau region.

Sunehri Kothi - Sikar is NOT correctly matched.

• Sunehri Kothi is a magnificent hall in the city of Tonk, Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• Desert National Park is a national park located near the cities of Jaisalmer and Barmer in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
• It is one of the largest national parks covering an area of 3162 sq km.
• The temple of Joganiya Mata is situated in the lap of nature at a distance of 24 kms from Mandalgarh town of Bhilwara district.
• Musi Maharani Ki Chhatri is a major monument of historical importance, located in Alwar, Rajasthan.
• This two-story building was built by Vinay Singh in honor of Maharaja Bakhtawar Singh and his queen Musi in the year 1815 after Christ.

The correct answer is 1st February, 2019.

• Mukhyamantri Yuva Sambal Yojana:
• This scheme will be implemented in the entire state of Rajasthan.
• This scheme has been implemented on 1st February 2019.

Key Points

• Mukhyamantri Yuva Sambal Yojana:
• The main objective of Mukhyamantri Yuva Sambal Yojana is to provide financial assistance to the unemployed by getting them their due.
• Under the Rajasthan Berojgari Bhatta Yojana, the government will give Rs 4500 to women, Divyangjan and transgender and Rs 4000 to men for a period of two years.
• Earlier this allowance was 3500 to 3000 which has been increased in the financial year of 2019-20.

The correct answer is January.

• Perihelion always occurs in early January.
• On January 3, Earth is closest to the Sun (147 million km).
• This condition is called perihelion.
• Aphelion always occurs in early July.
• During its revolution around the Sun, Earth is at its furthest (152 million km) from the Sun on July 4.
• This position of the earth is called aphelion.

Additional Information

• Earth's surface receives most of its energy in short wavelengths.
• The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is called insolation.
• The solar output received at the top of the atmosphere varies slightly over a year due to the variation in the distance between the Earth and the Sun.