MP Forest Guard Previous Year Paper (Held on: 18th July 2017 Shift 1)

The correct answer is Strategy

Key Points

• The word strategy (noun) means a plan that you use in order to achieve something (लक्ष्‍य प्राप्ति कराने वाली योजना, रणनीति, रण योजना).
• ​Ex: Our simple strategy was to focus on defending rather than attacking.
• ​Hence, the word with correct spelling is Strategy.
  

​​Therefore, the correct answer is option 4)

Additional Information Let's look at the correct spellings and meanings of the other options:

• Thoroughly: in a careful and complete way (सावधानी के साथ और पूरी तरह से; परिपूर्णतापूर्वक)
• Tomorrow: (on) the day after today ((आने वाला) कल)
• Surprise: the feeling that you have when something happens that you do not expect (आश्‍चर्य, हैरानी)

The correct answer is Beawraucracy

Key Points 

• The correct spelling is bureaucracy.
• The word bureaucracy(noun) means a government characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority (प्रशासनिक, नौकरशाही, दफ़्तरशाही)
• ​Ex: Getting a visa involves a lot of bureaucracy.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1)

Additional Information Let's look at the meaning of the other options:

• Democracy: a system in which the government of a country is elected by the people (एक ऐसी व्यवस्था जिसमें किसी भी देश की सरकार का निर्णायन जनता द्वारा किया जाता है, लोकतंत्र, जनतंत्र)
• Anarchy: a situation in which people do not obey rules and laws (शासनहीनता की स्थिति; अराजकता)
• Parliament: the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws of a country (देश के लिए क़ानून बनाने या बने हुए क़ानून को बदलने के लिए निर्वाचित व्‍यक्तियों का समूह; संसद)

The correct answer is in

Key Points 

• The preposition “in” is used in multiple contexts, such as telling time or location.
• The preposition helps in providing information about the place where the sheep are grazing.
• The correct preposition to be used is 'in'.
• Hence, the complete sentence would be, The sheep are grazing in the field.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2)

Additional Information

Let's look at the use of other prepositions in some examples:

• Usage of FROM: to refer to a place where somebody/something starts
• Example: This river originates from the Himalayas.
• ​Usage of WITH: having or carrying something
• Example: She is playing with her toys.
• Usage of OF: quantify a time or measurement, identify a location
• Example: Kerala is in the south of Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is with

Key Points 

• The preposition “with” is used in multiple contexts, such as in the same location, or accompanying.
• In the above sentence, the preposition helps in providing information about the amount of interest of the reader in reading books.
• The correct preposition to be used is 'with'.
• Hence, the complete sentence would be, He reads books with great interest.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3)

Additional Information 

Let's look at the use of other prepositions in some examples:

• Usage of ON: supported by, fixed to, or touching something, especially a surface
• Example: The Jar is kept on the table.
• Usage of INTO: to refer to a direction
• Example: Come into the room.
• ​Usage of ALONG: in a line next to something long and thin
• Example: There were twenty boats along the bank of the river.

The correct answer is No article required

Key Points 

• Since New York is a place that is known to everyone.
• Hence, the sentence is about a general thing and usually, no article is used when a sentence is about general things.
• Hence, the complete sentence would be, My cousin Ravi will arrive from New York in July.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1).
  

​The complete sentence is: My cousin Ravi will arrive from New York in July.

Additional Information 

• An article is a word that is used to indicate that a noun is a noun without describing it.
• They are used before a noun or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.
• Ex: Nick bought a dog.
• Ex: I had an accident with a bike yesterday.

Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandfather.

The correct answer is a

Key Points 

• Definition of bear a resemblance: to look a lot like someone else
• ​Ex: He bore a resemblance to his uncle.
• Usage of article 'a': used with a single count noun whose specific identity is not known.
• ​Ex: He's a good boy.
• The above sentence is about the baby looking like its grandfather.
• Hence, the complete sentence would be, Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandfather.

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Therefore, the correct answer is option 4).

Additional Information 

• An article is a word that is used to indicate that a noun is a noun without describing it.
• They are used before a noun or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.
• Ex: Nick bought a dog.
• Ex: I had an accident with a bike yesterday.

The correct answer is The bells of the church have been ringing since morning

Key Points 

• The subject of the sentence the bells is plural so the verb used should be plural as well.
• The verb have should be used instead of has.
• The word off means to detach or away from a position or something, hence off should not be used.
• Of should be used instead of Off.
• Hence, the correct sentence would be The bells of the church have been ringing since morning.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2)

Additional Information  

• For writing a grammatically correct sentence:
• The subject-verb agreement should be there i.e. Singular subject should be used with a singular verb and vice versa.
• Examples:
• Singular subject: She writes every day.
• Plural subject: They are going to Goa.

The correct answer is "Mohan did not borrow anything from his neighbors."

Key Points 

• The sentence is in the Past tense so the verb "borrow" will be used after "did". The verbs used after "did" are always in Verb1 form.
• The word off means to detach or away from a position or something, hence off should not be used.
• From should be used instead of Off.
• Hence, the correct sentence would be Mohan did not borrow anything from his neighbors.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1).

Additional Information 

• For writing a grammatically correct sentence:
• The subject-verb agreement should be there i.e. Singular subject should be used with a singular verb and vice versa.
• Examples:
• Singular subject: She writes every day.
• Plural subject: They are going to Goa.

The correct answer is yet

Key Points  

• Conjuntion is a word that is used for joining other words, phrases, or sentences such as and, but, or, etc.
• The conjunction 'yet' is used to show contrast meaning, not before a particular time; not now, but late.
• ​Ex: The weather was cold, yet bright and sunny.
• ​Hence, the correct sentence would be Those bananas aren't ripe yet they're still green.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1)

Additional Information 

Let's look at the use of other conjunction with the help of examples:

• Usage of BUT: excluding, exclusive of, other than 
• ​Example: He was ill but he went to school.
• Usage of OR: used in a list of possibilities or choices 
• Example: You can go to the ground, or you can visit your friend.
• Usage of WHILE: at the same time as 
• Example: You can play badminton while I'm having lunch.

The correct answer is if

Key Points 

• Conjuntion is a word that is used for joining other words, phrases, or sentences such as and, but, or, etc.
• The conjunction 'if' is used to introduce a possible or unreal situation or condition.
• In the given sentence, the condition for reducing weight is brisk walking.
• ​Hence, the correct combined sentence would be Go for brisk walking if you want to reduce your weight.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1)

Additional Information 

Let's look at the use of other conjunction with the help of examples:

• Usage of ALTHOUGH: in spite of the fact that 
• Example: Although he was exhausted, he couldn't sleep.
• Usage of IN SPITE OF: despite, notwithstanding, regardless of, with 
• Example:  In spite of the pain in his leg, he completed the race.
• Usage of DESPITE: notwithstanding, regardless of, with 
• Example: Despite all his faults, she loved him very much.

The correct answer is could not

Key Points  

• Could not is a type of modal that is past tense of can not.
• A modal is a verb, for example ‘might’, ‘can’ or ‘must’ that is used with another verb for expressing possibility, permission, intention, etc.
• Could or Could not modals are used to talk about the ability to do something.
• ​Ex: He could not ride a car when he was twelve.
• ​Hence, the correct sentence would be She is sad that she could not win the sack race.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3)

Additional Information 

• Use of Could: She could when she was six.
• The modal could not have is a past tense modal used to express present feelings about a past activity or thing.
• Ex:  He could not have committed the crime as he was in Kolkata.

The correct answer is Bankrupt

Key Points 

• The word Bankrupt (noun) means a person who becomes insolvent; who is unable to pay his debts ( धन की कमी के कारण ऋण चुकाने में असमर्थ; दिवालिया ).
• ​Ex: The company has been declared bankrupt.
• Synonym: Insolvent; penniless; liquidated; impecunious
• Antonym: Solvent
• ​Hence, Bankrupt: A person who is unable to pay off his debts.
  

​​Therefore, the correct answer is option 1)

Additional Information 

 Let's look at the meanings of the other options:

• Affluent: having a lot of money (धनवान, समृद्घ)
• Immigrant: a person who has come into a foreign country to live there permanently (दूसरे देश में आकर वहीं स्‍थायी रूप से बसने वाला व्‍यक्ति)
• Legitimate: reasonable or acceptable (तर्कसंगत या स्‍वीकार्य)

The correct answer is Autobiography

Key Points  

• The word Autobiography (noun) means the biography of a person narrated by that person; a usually written account of a person's life in their own words (आत्‍मकथा).
• ​Ex: *His autobiography was written in 1920.*​
• ​Hence, Autobiography: A life history of a person written by himself/herself.
  

​​Therefore, the correct answer is option 2)

Additional Information  Let's look at the meanings of the other options:

• Prose: written or spoken language that is not poetry (कविता से भिन्‍न लिखित या मौखिक भाषा प्रयोग का खंड)
• Biography: the story of a person’s life written by somebody else ((अन्‍य व्‍यक्ति द्वारा लिखित) किसी व्‍यक्ति का जीवनचरित; जीवनी)
• Encyclopedia: a book or set of books that give information about very many subjects, arranged in the order of the alphabet (अनेक विषयों पर उपलब्ध ऐसी पुस्तक जिसमें सूचनाएँ वर्णमाला के क्रम में व्यवस्थित होती हैं)

The correct answer is (c)

Key Points 

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• Than should be used instead of then
• Than is used for comparison whereas then is used for representing time.
• Here, Australia is being compared to Britain so than should be used.
• Hence, the correct sentence would be, Do you think  Australia is a more democratic country than Britain?
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4)

Additional Information 

• For finding grammatical mistakes check the subject-verb agreement first.
• Then check the proper use of verbs, adverbs, and adjectives as per the tense and proper meaning in the sentence.

The correct answer is (c)

Key Points 

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• The use of the question tag is not correct.
• A question tag is used to ask for agreement or to ask for a favor, things, or new information.
• Aren't they should be used instead f are they.
• Hence, the correct sentence would be, **These copies are for distribution, aren't they?
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4)

Additional Information  

• Let's look at some more examples containing question tags:
• Ex: She is a pilot, isn't she?
• Ex: He is never on time, is he?

The correct answer is to do something illegal in order to punish someone

Key Points  

• The idiom 'To take the law into one's hand' means to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that (किसी को दंडित करने का प्रयास करना, भले ही उसे ऐसा करने का अधिकार न हो)
• ​Example: She took the law into her hands to take her revenge.
• ​The sentence implies that the mother punished the accused herself who abused her child.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1)

Additional Information   

• An idiom is an expression whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words in it.
• Ex: 'bring something home to somebody’ means ‘make somebody understand something'

The correct answer is ended one's association with someone or something

Key Points 

• The idiom 'washed my hands of' means to refuse to accept responsibility for; abandon or renounce (जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करने से इनकार; छोड़ देना या त्यागना)
• ​Example: She seems to have washed her hands of the job.​
• The sentence implies that the subject I got rid of the car long ago.
  

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2)

Additional Information 

• An idiom is an expression whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words in it.
• Ex: *'*To bring something home to somebody’ means ‘To make somebody understand something'

The correct answer is Attracted.

Key Points 

• The word charm (verb) means to please and attract somebody (किसी को मोहित या आकर्षित करना).
• ​Ex: His drawings have charmed people all over the world.
• Synonyms: delight, attract, lure, allure, enchant, fascinate
• Antonym: repel,
• ​The marked word attract means to cause somebody/something to go to something or give attention to something (आकर्षित करना; लुभाना)
• ​Ex: Moths are attracted to light.
• ​Hence, the words charmed and attracted are similar in meaning.
• The sentence can be re-written as: We were attracted by his boyish manner.
  

​​Therefore, the correct answer is option 3)

Additional Information  Let's look at the correct spellings and meanings of the other options:

• Disgust: a strong feeling of not liking or approving of something/somebody (प्रबल अनिच्‍छा)
• Repel: to send or push somebody/something back or away (किसी व्‍यकि्त या वस्‍तु को पीछे या दूर भेज या धकेल देना)
• Annoy: feeling angry or slightly angry (नाराज़, खीझा हुआ)

The correct answer is narrow

Key Points 

• The word wide (adjective) means measuring a lot from one side to the other (चौड़ा, चौड़ाई वाला).
• ​Ex: The road was wide enough for two cars to pass.
• Synonyms: broad, spacious, extensive, vast, large
• Antonyms: narrow, tight, restricted, limited
• ​The marked word narrow means having only a short distance from side to side (संकीर्ण, छोटा, सीमित)
• ​Ex: The bridge is too narrow for a car to pass.
• ​Hence, the words wide and narrow are opposite in meaning.
  

​​Therefore, the correct answer is option 4)

Additional Information 

• The other three options are synonyms of wide: broad; spacious; large.

The correct answer is disadvantageous

Key Points 

• The word beneficial (adjective) means having a good or useful effect (लाभकारी, हितकर, फ़ायदेमंद).
• ​Ex: Regular exercise is beneficial for health.
• Synonyms: advantageous, favorable, helpful
• Antonyms: disadvantageous, detrimental
• ​The marked word disadvantageous means causing somebody to be in a worse situation compared to other people (हानिकर)
• ​Ex: The project can be disadvantageous to the company.
• ​Hence, the words beneficial and disadvantageous are opposite in meaning.
  

​​Therefore, the correct answer is option 1)

Additional Information 

• The other options are synonyms of beneficial: advantageous, favorable.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• An electric current produces:
• Chemical effect:
• The passage of an electric current through a conducting solution causes chemical reactions.
• Bubbles of gas may be formed on the electrodes.
• Deposits of metal may be seen on electrodes.
• Magnetic effect:
• Electric current flowing through a conductor produces a magnetic field.
• Heating effect:
• The heating effect of electric current is utilized in devices such as electric heaters, electric iron, etc.

Additional Information

• Electric current is the rate of flow of electrons in a conductor.
• It is the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time.
• Electric current is expressed by a unit called ampere (A).
• An instrument called an ammeter measures the current in a circuit.

The correct answer is Alveoli.

Key Points

• Alveoli: Small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (small branches of the air tubes in the lungs).
• At the end of the bronchioles are small branches called alveolar ducts that end in a group of sacs called alveoli.
• The alveoli are where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of inhaling and exhaling.

Additional Information

• The larynx is part of your respiratory system.
• This is a hollow tube that allows air from your throat (pharynx) to your trachea on the way to your lungs.
• It also contains your vocal cords and is essential for human speech, so it is often called the voice box.
• The bronchi are two large tubes that carry air from your trachea to your lungs.
• You have a left and right main bronchus in each lung.
• Bronchioles or bronchioli are small branches of the bronchial airways in the respiratory tract.

The correct answer is Electroplating.

• Electroplating is the process of depositing a thin layer of a superior metal on an object of a cheaper metal with the help of electricity.
• Electroplating is one of the most common applications of the chemical effects of electric current.
• Tin cans used for storing food are made by electroplating tin on iron.
• Electroplating helps reduce the effects of friction.
• Electroplating helps to improve surface uniformity.

Additional Information

• Electrorefining is the process of using electrolysis to increase the purity of a metal extracted from its ore.
• Electrowinning is the electrodeposition of metals from their ores that have been put in solution.
• Electrometallurgy is a process in metallurgy that uses electrical energy to produce metals by electrolysis.

The correct answer is Having equal velocities.

Key Points

• The velocity of the light does not change while it propagates through a single medium.
• The speed of propagation of light depends on the electromagnetic properties of the medium through which it travels.
• The velocity of light of different colours will change when there is a change in the medium.
• The order of colors of the rainbow is Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red.

The correct answer is Cast iron.

Key Points

• Cast iron pipe is a pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron.
• It was historically used as a pressure pipe for transmission of water, gas, and sewage, and as a water drainage pipeThe type of sewer pipe material in use in your home will be determined mostly by its age.
• Older homes often have clay or cast iron pipes, while newer homes are most likely to use plastic.
• However, as old sewer lines are replaced, it is becoming more common to find plastic sewer lines in older homes.

The correct answer is Friction.

• Friction is a force that opposes motion.
• When two objects are in contact, friction acts in the opposite direction to the motion of the object.

Additional Information

• Ball bearings are a type of rolling-element bearing that use balls to maintain separation between the bearing races.
• ​The purpose of ball bearings is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads.
• Lubrication is a process that reduces friction and wear between two moving solid surfaces with a film of solid, liquid or gaseous material without causing any damage to the surfaces.
• The newton is the Standard International (SI) unit of force.
• In physics and engineering documentation, the term newton(s) is usually abbreviated N.

The correct answer is Isoelectric point.

• The pH value of a solution in which polar amino acid does not displace under the influence of an electric field is called the isoelectric point.

Additional Information

• In physics and chemistry, Effusion is the process in which a gas escapes from a container through a hole of a diameter significantly smaller than the mean free path of the molecules.
• The equivalence point of a neutralization reaction is when both the acid and the base are completely consumed in the reaction and neither of them is in excess.
• When a strong acid neutralizes a weak base, the pH of the resulting solution will be less than 7.
• When a strong base neutralizes a weak acid, the pH of the resulting solution will be greater than 7.
• The eutectic point is the minimum temperature at which the liquid phase is stable at a given pressure.

The correct answer is Amplitude.

• Amplitude is defined as the maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its mean or central position.
• It is a measure of the intensity of sound.

Additional Information

• The loudness of a sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the vibration that produces the sound.
• The sharpness of sound is called pitch.
• The number of oscillations or vibrations per second is called the frequency of oscillation.
• Sound is a longitudinal wave.
• A medium is necessary for the transmission of sound.
• Sound travels fast in solids.

The correct answer is salt and water.

• A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.
• ​For example, hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride salt and water. 
• HCl + NaOH ⟶ NaCl + H_2​O

Important Points

• When a strong acid neutralizes a weak base, the resulting solution's pH will be less than 7.
• When a strong base neutralizes a weak acid, the resulting solution's pH will be greater than 7.

The correct answer is All of these.

• The suitability of soil growing crops depends upon its texture, colour, and type.

Additional Information

• Laterite soils are suitable for crops like tea, coffee, rubber, and cinchona.
• Red soil is suitable for the cultivation of crops like ragi and tobacco.
• The mountain soils are suitable for the cultivation of tea, coffee, spices, and fruit crops.
• Desert soil is suitable for millet cultivation.

The correct answer is Sulphur dioxide.

• The Taj Mahal is threatened by pollution from Sulphur dioxide.

Key Points

• Sulfur dioxide reacts with water molecules present in the atmosphere and forms sulfuric acid which precipitates through acid rain and affects the monument by changing its color and creating cracks in the monuments.

Additional Information

• Acid rain can digest and destroy the outer layer of monuments like the Taj Mahal.
• The main reason for the presence of sulphur dioxide near the Taj Mahal is the Mathura Refinery which is located near it.
• It was recently found that there are high levels of suspended particulate matter in the air, caused by factory emissions, dust, and exhaust from construction and automobiles.

The correct answer is Fe, Co, Ni.

• Fe, Co, and Ni are transition metals in the same period where the atomic radii do not vary much.
• This is due to additional screening by 3d electrons that offsets the increased pull on the outer 4s electrons by additional protons moving from Fe to Co and Ni.

Additional Information

• The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atom, usually the average or specific distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost isolated electron.
• Since the limit is not a well-defined physical unit, there are various non-equivalent definitions of the atomic radius.

The correct answer is Symbiosis.

• The union of two different organisms in which both are benefited is called symbiosis.

Key Points

• Symbiosis refers to the long-term interaction between two different species.
• In some cases, both species benefit from the interaction and this is known as mutualism.

Additional Information

• A parasite is a plant or an animal that lives on or with or inside a larger species that extracts nutrients.
• In some cases, the parasite can harm the host and in other situations, it is completely harmless.
• There are three types of parasites, namely ectoparasites, endoparasites, and mesoparasites.
• Nutrition is the biochemical and physical process by which an organism uses food to support its life.
• The method of nutrition in which an organism obtains nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter is called Saprophytic nutrition.
• Examples - Rhizopus (bread mould), Mucor (pin mould), yeast, Agaricus (mushroom).

The correct answer is Roughness of the surface.

The frictional force increases with the increase in Roughness of the surface.

Key Points 

• The friction experienced by an object is proportional to its weight, i.e. with an increase in weight, the friction experienced by the body also increases and vice versa.
• Friction is the opposing force or resistance experienced by two objects sliding against each other.
• Friction is the result of the interaction between the surfaces of two objects.
• When the weight of the object increases, this interaction becomes stronger, so the resistance also increases.

The correct answer is Concave.

• Concave mirrors have reflecting surface curved inwards.
• ​Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one focal point.
• They are used to converge light.
• Unlike convex mirrors, concave mirrors show different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror.

Additional Information

• A convex mirror is a curved mirror where the reflecting surface is oriented towards the light source.
• A concave mirror is a curved mirror where the reflecting surface is curved inward.
• A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflective surface.
• The surface may be bent inward (concave mirror) or maybe raised outward (convex mirror).

The correct answer is Puccinia.

• Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is the most common rust disease of wheat.
• As long as the infected leaf tissue remains alive, the fungus is an obligate parasite capable of causing infectious euradinospores.

Additional Information

• Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis, which attacks corn and teosinte plants.
• Rhizopus is a cosmopolitan genus of some 10 species of filamentous fungi in the family Rhizopodaceae.
• Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

• Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is essential for wound healing.
• It is needed for many functions in the body, including helping the body use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Important Points

The correct answer is Porcelain is a heat insulator.

Key Points

• It is easier to drink hot tea from a porcelain mug than a steel glass because porcelain is a heat insulator and does not allow heat to pass through it.
• Steel glass absorbs more heat than porcelain mugs.
• The property of a material to conduct heat is called thermal conductivity.
• The thermal conductivity of steel glasses is higher than that of porcelain mugs.
• Steel transfers heat energy through the material from one end to the other faster than porcelain mugs.

Important Points

• Temperature is a measure of the ‘hotness’ of a body.
• An object that has a higher temperature than another object is said to be hotter.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• Steps to be taken for the conservation of forests are:
• Controlled Deforestation: Adopting practices like clear-cutting or selective cutting will be beneficial in the long run.
• Protect against Forest Fires
• Afforestation: This is the process by which we plant more trees in the area.
• Better Farming Practices: Slash and burn farming, overgrazing by cattle, and shifting agriculture are all farming practices that are harmful to the environment and particularly to forests.

The Correct answer is Sodium hydroxide.

Key Points

• Acetic acid, a weak acid, can react with a strong base like sodium hydroxide to undergo a neutralization reaction.
• The chemical reaction between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and water (H2O).
• This reaction is represented as: CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O.
• In this reaction, the hydrogen ion (H⁺) from acetic acid combines with the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) from sodium hydroxide to form water, thereby neutralizing the acid.
• Sodium hydroxide is a strong base commonly used for neutralizing acids in various industrial and laboratory applications.
• Neutralization reactions like this are fundamental to the study of acid-base chemistry and have practical applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and water treatment.

Additional Information

• Nitric acid
• Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid, and it cannot neutralize acetic acid, as both are acids and do not react in a way that neutralizes each other.
• It is widely used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, and in chemical laboratories as a reagent.
• Sulphuric acid
• Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is another strong acid, similar to nitric acid, and cannot neutralize acetic acid.
• It is highly corrosive and used in batteries, fertilizers, and chemical synthesis.
• Citric acid
• Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges.
• Since it is also an acid, it cannot neutralize another acid like acetic acid.
• It has applications in food flavoring, preservation, and as a cleaning agent.

The correct answer is Gwalior.

Key Points

• Jai Vilas Mahal, also known as Jai Vilas Palace, is a nineteenth-century palace in Gwalior, India.
• ​It was established in 1874 by Jayajirao Scindia, the ruler of Gwalior princely state in the British Raj.
• While the major part of the palace is now the "Jivajirao Scindia Museum", which was opened to the public in 1964, a part of it is still the residence of some of his descendants.

Important Points

• Jayajirao was born as Bhagiratha Shinde, the son of Hanavant Rao, on 19 January 1835.
• The then Maharaja of Gwalior, Jankojirao II, died without an heir in 1843 leading his widow Tara Bai to adopt Bhagirath Rao.
• Bhagirath Shinde ascended the throne of Gwalior on 22 February 1843 under the name of Jayajirao Scindia.

The correct answer is Five.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh is bound in the north by Uttar Pradesh, the east by Chhattisgarh, the south by Maharashtra and the west by Gujarat and Rajasthan.
• ​Madhy a Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest by population with over 75 million inhabitants.
• Before 2000, Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh.
• The total area of the state is 308,252 sq km.

​

The correct answer is Bundelkhand.

• Naurata is a dance performed by unmarried girls in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh.
• Naurata dance is performed by prospective brides in search of a good couple and marital bliss to invoke the Lord.

Additional Information

• Badhai is a ceremonial dance performed in the Bundelkhand region. It is performed on the birth of a child, marriage or any other union to celebrate happiness and joy.
• Raai folk dance is also performed in the Bundelkhand region of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Grida dance is a popular dance of Madhya Pradesh performed by people at the time of sowing the Rabi crop.

The correct answer is 2008.

Key Points

• Alirajpur is named after its headquarters Alirajpur which was the capital of the former princely state of Alirajpur.
• The area is hilly and many residents are from Bhils.
• Being a tribal-dominated community, the Alirajpur region was ruled by tribal kings in the 15th century.
• Due to pressure from regional people, organizations, and Chief Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Alirajpur was declared a separate district on 17th May 2008, and thus a new administrative unit, Alirajpur was formed.

The correct answer is 16.

• Narmada Seva Yatra:
• The total length of the journey was 2,930 kilometers (1,820 mi), of which 1,077 kilometers (669 mi) were along the Narmada itself.
• The campaign covered 962 villages in 16 districts.

Additional Information

• Narmada Seva Yatra is a campaign by the Government of Madhya Pradesh, India for the conservation of the river Narmada.
• The campaign aims to create public awareness and participation and promote activities such as soil conservation, water conservation, afforestation, pollution control, and organic farming.

The correct answer is Chitrakoot.

• Scientists discovered a 1.6 billion-year-old fossil of red algae in central India, which is probably the oldest evidence of plant life on earth.
• Researchers from Sweden's Museum of Natural History have discovered it in Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• The specimens were studied at the Swedish Museum of Natural History by Professor Stefan Bengtsson and co-authors.
• The study was published in March 2017 in the journal PLOS Biology.
• So far, the oldest known red algae were 1.2 billion years old, according to the paper. And thus the newly found algae fossils become the oldest in the world.

The correct answer Pitch was dangerous to play on.

 Key Points

• The India vs. Sri Lanka ODI Cricket Match at the Nehru Stadium of Indore was suspended just after 3 overs because the pitch was deemed to be unsafe.
• The captains of both teams, Sourav Ganguly and Arjuna Ranatunga, along with the umpires, agreed that the pitch was too dangerous to play on.
• The match referee, David Shepherd, concurred with their decision and the match was abandoned.

Additional Information

• The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for cricket in India.
• Its headquarter is located at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.
• Founded - 1928

The correct answer is Orchha.

Key Points

• Lala Hardaul was the prince of Orchha and the son of Maharaja Vir Singh Deo.
• The temple of Hardaul is very famous in the entire Bundelkhand region.
• Orchha (or Urchha) is a town in the Niwari district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Rudra Pratap Singh founded the city in 1531.
• The city is situated on the banks of the Betwa River.

Important Points

• Orchha is famous for its Ramraja Temple as well as other historical buildings.
• Every year the 'Namaste Orchha' festival is organized in Orchha.

The correct answer is Bansi Kaul.

2022 Noted Hindustani vocalist Pandit Venkatesh Kumar has been chosen for 'Kalidas Samman' given by the Madhya Pradesh Government.​

• Banshi Kaul for 2016-17 and Raj Bisaria for 2015-16 awarded Rashtriya Kalidas Samman.
• Both theater artists are known for their long cherished practice, excellence, and sustained creative activism in the country.
• Governor Omprakash Kohli presented the award at an award function to be held in Ujjain on November 10, 2016.

Important Points

• Kalidas Samman is a prestigious art award given annually by the Government of Madhya Pradesh in India.
• The award carries a cash prize of Rs. 200,000 and a quote.

The correct answer is Holkar.

Key Points

• Holkar dynasty rulers were the Maratha rulers of Indore in India of Dhangar origin, who were ruled Indore.
• The Holkars were generals under Peshwa Bajirao I, who later established their own dynasty.
• Malhar Rao Holkar rose from the peasants' origins by his own ability and founded the Holkar dynasty.
• Malhar Rao Holkar led Maratha armies in the Malwa region before founding his own dynasty.

Additional Information

• Scindia dynasty:
• The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Shinde, a Maratha chieftain of Peshwa Bajirao.
• The Scindia dynasty (popularly known as Shinde in Maharashtra), is a Hindu Maratha dynasty that ruled the erstwhile state of Gwalior.

The correct answer is Both of the above.

• Gwarpatha and Safed Musli medicinal plants are available in Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Gwarpatha (Aloevera):
• Aloe vera is a species of succulent plant of the genus Aloe.
• With about 500 species, aloe is widely distributed and is considered an invasive species in many world regions.
• An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in tropical, semi-tropical and arid climates around the world.
• Safed musli is a rare herb from India.
• It is used in traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and homeopathy.

The correct answer is M. Adhikari.

Key Points

• The Advocate General office of M.P. came into existence on November 1956 upon the formation of the State of M.P. as per the State Re-Organisation Act 1956 when the High Court of M.P. was established.
• Shri M. Adhikari became the first Advocate General for the State of Madhya Pradesh.
• The AG's Office presents all the cases in which the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh is one of the parties, in the High Court of M.P. Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT).

Additional Information

First in Madhya Pradesh:

The correct answer is Nirmala Buch.

Key Points

• Nirmala Buch was the first Women Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh from 22-Sep-1991 to 01-Jan-1993.
• Shri H.S. Kamath was the first Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh from 01-Nov-1956 to 24-Nov-1963.

Additional Information

First in Madhya Pradesh:

The correct answer is Ustad Amir Khan.

• Indore Gharana is one of the vocal gharanas of Indian classical music.
• It was founded by Amir Khan, who studied and absorbed the styles of Abdul Wahid Khan, Aman Ali Khan, Rajab Ali Khan and Abdul Karim Khan.
• The famous composer Sultan Khan (sarangi player) developed his music under the Indore gharana.

Additional Information

• Gharana is a system in which people are socially organized which connects musicians and dancers.
• It is an apprenticeship or descent to follow a particular musical style.
• Agra, Gwalior, Indore, Jaipur, Kirana and Patiala are some of the gharanas famous for singing Hindustani classical music.

The correct answer is South Eastern.

• South Eastern portion of Madhya Pradesh was split to form the state of Chhattisgarh in 2000.

Key Points

• ​The 26th state of India, Chhattisgarh was separated from Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 2000.
• The demand for a separate Chhattisgarh state was raised by the Raipur Congress unit in 1924, and later, was also discussed at the annual session of the Indian Congress in Tripuri.
• As per the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act 2000, the assets and liabilities of the corporation, which is currently operating in both states, will be divided between Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The correct answer is Dhupgarh.

• Dhupgarh Peak, near Pachmarhi in south-central Madhya Pradesh, is the highest point in the state.
• To the northwest of the Vindhya range lies the Malwa plateau.
• Mount Dhupgarh or Dhupgarh is the highest point in the Mahadev Hills, Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Located at Pachmarhi in the Hoshangabad district, its elevation is 1,352 meters.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Indore.

• The office of the Public Service Commission of Madhya Pradesh is located in Indore.

Additional Information

• ​Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission, publicly known as MPPSC, is a state government-led agency of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• ​Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission was constituted in 1956.
• It was formed under Article 315 of the State and Union Public Service Commission, which is responsible for conducting civil services examinations and competitive examinations.
• It conducts direct recruitment to various civil services and departmental posts at the state level.

The correct answer is Bhoorsingh.

• The name of Kanha Tiger Reserve's official mascot is Bhoorsingh.

Key Points

• Bhoorsingh the Barasingha is the official mascot of Kanha National Park.
• Kanha tiger reserve is now the first in India to have an official mascot – ‘Bhoorsingh the barasingha’.
• The barasingha or swamp deer is the state animal of Madhya Pradesh and is found only in the Kanha tiger reserve, across Mandla and Balaghat districts.
• The Kanha tiger reserve, spread over Mandla and Balaghat districts, is the only place in the world where the species exists.​

The correct answer is Ramgarh.

Key Points

• Rani Avantibai was born in 1831 into a family of landlords, she was trained in fencing, archery, and horse riding.
• Avantibai became the queen of Ramgarh after her marriage to Raja Vikramaditya Singh.
• His first battle with the British took place at Kheri village near Mandla and he defeated the British army with great courage.

The correct answer is Shankar Laxman.

• Shankar Laxman of Madhya Pradesh is referred to as 'Bullet'.

Key Points

• ​Honorary Captain Shankar Laxman (7 July 1933 – 29 April 2006) was an Indian hockey player.
• He was the goalkeeper of the Indian team at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics, winning two gold medals and one silver medal.
• He was the first goalkeeper to become the captain of an international hockey team and was awarded the Arjuna Award and Padma Shri by the Government of India.

Additional Information

• Vijaya Raje Scindia, born Lekha Divyeshwari Devi and popularly known as Rajmata of Gwalior, was a prominent Indian political personality.
• Keshavdas Misra (1555–1617), commonly known as Keshavdas or Keshavdas, was a Sanskrit scholar and Hindi poet, known for his Rasik Priya, a period of Riti Kaal (Process Period) of Hindi literature.
• Anil Kakodkar is an Indian nuclear physicist and mechanical engineer.
• He was the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India and Secretary to the Government of India.
• He was the Director of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay from 1996–2000.

सही उत्तर 'ऐतिहासिक उपन्यासकार' है। 

Key Points

• वृंदावनलाल वर्मा 'ऐतिहासिक उपन्यासकार' हैं।
• वृंदावनलाल वर्मा जी की इतिहास, कला, पुरातत्त्व, मनोविज्ञान, साहित्य, चित्रकला एवं मूर्तिकला में विशेष रुचि थी।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• मनोविश्लेषणात्मक उपन्यासकार - जैनेन्द्र कुमार, इलाचन्द्र जोशी और अज्ञेय हैं।
• जास��सी उपन्यासकार - वेदप्रकाश शर्मा, ओमप्रकाश शर्मा, सुरेंद्र मोहन पाठक और वेदप्रकाश काम्बोज शुमार हैं।

Additional Information

• वृन्दावन लाल वर्मा (1889-1969) ने हालाकि सामाजिक उपन्यास भी लिखे हैं, लेकिन उनका नाम ऐतिहासिक उपन्यासों लेखन में विशेष रूप से उल्लेखनीय है।
• उन्होंने एक तरफ प्रेमचंद की सामाजिक परंपरा को आगे बढ़ाया है तो दूसरी तरफ हिन्दी में ऐतिहासिक उपन्यास की धारा को उत्कर्ष तक पहुँचाया है।

सही उत्तर 'राजस्थानी हिंदी के अंतर्गत' है। 

Key Points

• मेवाती बोली 'राजस्थानी हिंदी के अंतर्गत' आती है।
• यह ब्रजभाषा की एक उपभाषा/बोली या उपबोली है।
• इसकी सबसे सहायक बोली हरियाणवी है।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• पूर्वी हिंदी के अंतर्गत - अवधी, बघेली और छत्तीसगढ़ी मानी जाती हैं।
• बिहारी हिंदी के अंतर्गत - बिहारी हिंदी का विकास मागधी अपभ्रंश से हुआ है। जिसे दो भागों- पूर्वी बिहारी और पश्चिमी बिहारी में विभाजित किया जा सकता है। पूर्वी बिहारी की दो बोलियाँ हैं- मगही और मैथिली। वहीं पश्चिमी बिहारी के अंतर्गत भोजपुरी बोली आती है।
• पश्चिमी हिंदी के अंतर्गत - इसके अंतर्गत पाँच बोलियाँ हैं - खड़ी बोली, हरियाणवी, ब्रज, कन्नौजी और बुंदेली।

Additional Information

• ​अलवर एवं भतरपुर जिलों का क्षेत्र मेव जाति की बहुलता के कारण मेवात के नाम से जाना जाता है।
• अतः यहाँ की बोली मेवाती कहलाती है।

सही उत्तर 'आई' है। 

Key Points

• 'पंडिताई' शब्द में मूल शब्द 'पंडित' है।
• 'पंडित' में 'आई' प्रत्यय लगाकर 'पंडिताई शब्द बना है।

अन्य विकल्प-

ई प्रत्यय से बने शब्द- खेती, सुस्ती, नानी 

Additional Information

• ​ ‘प्रत्यय’ दो शब्दों से बना है– प्रति + अय। ‘प्रति’ का अर्थ है ‘साथ में, पर बाद में; जबकि ‘अय’ का अर्थ ‘चलने वाला’ है।
• अत: ‘प्रत्यय’ का अर्थ हुआ, ‘शब्दों के साथ, पर बाद में चलने वाला या लगने वाला, अत: इसका प्रयोग शब्द के अन्त में किया जाता है।
• जैसे - सफल + ता = सफलता
  

अच्छा + ई = अच्छाई

सही उत्तर 'अव्ययीभाव' है। 

Key Points

• 'यथास्थान' शब्द में अव्ययीभाव समास है।
• 'यथास्थान' अर्थात स्थान के अनुसार।
• इस समास में पूर्व पद 'यथा' अव्यय है।
• जिस समस्त पद में पहला पद अव्यय होता है, अर्थात् अव्यय पद के साथ दूसरे पद, जो संज्ञा या कुछ भी हो सकता है, का समास किया जाता है, उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• द्विगु समास - जिस समस्त पद मेँ पूर्व पद संख्यावाचक हो और पूरा पद समाहार (समूह) या समुदाय का बोध कराए उसे द्विगु समास कहते हैं।
• जैसे - दोराहा – दो राहोँ का समाहार।
• कर्मधारय समास - जिस समास मेँ उत्तरपद प्रधान हो तथा पहला पद विशेषण अथवा उपमान (जिसके द्वारा उपमा दी जाए) हो और दूसरा पद विशेष्य अथवा उपमेय (जिसके द्वारा तुलना की जाए) हो, उसे कर्मधारय समास कहते हैं।
• जैसे - महाराज – महान् है जो राजा।
• द्वंद्व समास - जिस समस्त पद मेँ दोनोँ अथवा सभी पद प्रधान होँ तथा उनके बीच मेँ समुच्चयबोधक–‘और, या, अथवा, आदि’ का लोप हो गया हो, तो वहाँ द्वन्द्व समास होता है।
• जैसे –अन्नजल – अन्न और जल

Additional Information

• ‘समास’ शब्द का शाब्दिक अर्थ है– संक्षिप्त करना। सम्+आस् = ‘सम्’ का अर्थ है– अच्छी तरह पास एवं ‘आस्’ का अर्थ है– बैठना या मिलना। अर्थात् दो शब्दों को पास–पास मिलाना।
• ‘जब परस्पर सम्बन्ध रखने वाले दो या दो से अधिक शब्दोँ के बीच की विभक्ति हटाकर, उन्हेँ मिलाकर जब एक नया स्वतन्त्र शब्द बनाया जाता है, तब इस मेल को समास कहते हैँ।’
• हिन्दी में समास के छः भेद प्रचलित हैं। जो निम्न प्रकार हैं—
  

1. अव्ययीभाव समास
   
2. तत्पुरुष समास
   
3. द्वन्द्व समास
   
4. बहुब्रीहि समास
   
5. कर्मधारय समास
   
6. द्विगु समास।

सही उत्तर 'उक्त सभी' होगा। 

Key Points 

• द्विज, खग, अंडज तीनों शब्द 'पक्षी' के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं।
• पक्षी के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं- चिड़िया, गगनचर, पखेरू, विहंग, नभचर।

Additional Information 

• 'पर्याय' का अर्थ है- 'समान' तथा 'वाची' का अर्थ है- 'बोले जाने वाले' अर्थात जिन शब्दों का अर्थ एक जैसा होता है, उन्हें 'पर्यायवाची शब्द' कहते हैं।
• दूसरे अर्थ में- समान अर्थ वाले शब्दों को 'पर्यायवाची शब्द' या समानार्थक भी कहते है।
• जैसे- सूर्य, दिनकर, दिवाकर, रवि, भास्कर, भानु, दिनेश- इन सभी शब्दों का अर्थ है 'सूरज' ।

सही उत्तर 'अन्योक्ति अलंकार' है। 

Key Points

• 'स्वारथ सुकृत न स्रम बृथा देखि बिहंग बिचारि, बाज पराएँ पानि परि तू पच्छीन न मारि' पंक्ति में 'अन्योक्ति अलंकार' है।
• अन्योक्ति में प्रत्यक्ष अर्थ तो यह है कि कवि बाज को समझाते हुए कहता है कि शिकारी के निर्देश पर तू अपनी ही जाति के अपने बंधु-बांधवों को क्यों मार रहा है?
• किन्तु वास्तव में वह राजा जयसिंह को हिन्दू राजाओं के साथ युद्ध करने से विरत करना चाहता है।
• यहाँ 'बाज' से आशय राजा जयसिंह से, 'पच्छीनु' से आशय हिन्दू राजाओं से और 'पराए पानि' से आशय औरंगजेब से है।
• अन्योक्ति अलंकार- जहाँ उपमान के माध्यम से उपमेय का वर्णन हो। उपमान अप्रस्तुत एवं उपमेय प्रस्तुत हो , वहां अन्योक्ति अलंकार होता है। इस अलंकार को अप्रस्तुत प्रशंसा भी कहते हैं। इस अलंकार में किसी अप्रत्यक्ष की ओर संकेत किया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• उपमा अलंकार - उपमा शब्द का अर्थ होता है – तुलना। जब किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की तुलना किसी दूसरे यक्ति या वस्तु से की जाए वहाँ पर उपमा अलंकार होता है।
• विषेशोक्ति अलंकार - काव्य में जहाँ कार्य सिद्धि के समस्त कारणों के विद्यमान रहते हुए भी कार्य न हो वहाँ पर विशेषोक्ति अलंकार होता है।
• अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार - जब किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु का वर्णन करने में लोक समाज की सीमा या मर्यादा टूट जाये उसे अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार कहते हैं अथार्त जब किसी वस्तु का बहुत अधिक बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर वर्णन किया जाये वहां पर अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार होता है।

Additional Information

• अलंकार का सामान्य अर्थ है, 'आभूषण' या 'गहना'।
• जिस प्रकार आभूषण से शरीर की शोभा बढ़ती है, उसी प्रकार अलंकार से काव्य की शोभा बढ़ती है।
• अलंकार शब्द का अर्थ है- वह वस्तु जो सुंदर बनाए या सुंदर बनाने का साधन हो।
• साधारण बोलचाल में आभूषण को अलंकार कहते हैं।

सही उत्तर 'तरणि' है। 

Key Points

• शशि का विलोम शब्द 'तरणि' है।
• शशि का अर्थ चंद्रमा होता है।
• तरणि शब्द सूरज का पर्यायवाची है।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• दिवस - रात्रि
• गगन - धरा

Additional Information

• ​विलोम’ शब्द का अर्थ है-उल्टा या विपरीत। अत: किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ व्यक्त करने वाला शब्द विलोमार्थक शब्द कहलाता है। जैसे -
• आदि - अंत
• अमीर - गरीब
• ऊंचा - नीचा

सही उत्तर 'स्थानबोधक संरचना' है। 

Key Points

• 'गोपियाँ यहीं श्रीकृष्ण से मिला करती थीं' इस वाक्य में 'यहाँ' शब्द के माध्यम से किसी स्थान की ओर सूचित किया गया है।
• इसलिए इस वाक्य की स्थान बोधक संरचना है।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• विनम्रतासूचक संरचना - इस वाक्य के अंतर्गत विनम्रता सूचक शब्दों का प्रोग किया जाता है। जैसे - आज्ञा दीजिए, अब मैं चलता हूँ।
• दिशाबोधक संरचना - इस वाक्य मेन निश्चित और अनिश्चित दिशा की जानकारी मिलती है। जैसे - सूर्य पूरब से निकलता है।

Additional Information

• ​‘भाषा’ ध्वनि प्रतीकों के माध्यम से विचारों, भावों और सूचनाओं के संप्रेषण की व्यवस्था है।
• इस व्यवस्था में कई स्तर पाए जाते हैं, जिनमें ‘वाक्य’ आधारभूत स्तर है।
• संपूर्ण भाषा व्यवहार वाक्यों के माध्यम से ही किया जाता है, इसीलिए वाक्य को भाषा व्यवहार की मूलभूत इकाई कहते हैं।

सही उत्तर 'विसर्ग संधि' है।

Key Points

• 'निष्कपट' में विसर्ग संधि है।
• निष्कपट शब्द का सन्धि विच्छेद 'निः + कपट' है।
• विसर्ग के साथ स्वर या व्यंजन के मेल से जो विकार होता है उसे विसर्ग संधि कहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• गुण संधि - जब अ, आ के आगे इ, ई या ‘उ’, ‘ऊ’ तथा ‘ऋ’ हो तो क्रमश: ए, ओ और अर् हो जाता है, इसे गुण सन्धि कहते हैं।
• जैसे -  उप + इन्द्र = उपेन्द्र।
• यण संधि - जब इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ के आगे कोई भिन्न स्वर आता है तो ये क्रमश: य, व, र, ल् में परिवर्तित हो जाते हैं, इस परिवर्तन को यण सन्धि कहते हैं। 
• जैसे - अति + अल्प = अत्यल्प
• व्यंजन संधि - व्यंजन के साथ व्यंजन या स्वर का मेल होने से जो विकार होता है, उसे व्यंजन सन्धि कहते हैं।
• जैसे - दिक् + अम्बर = दिगम्बर।

Additional Information

• दो वर्णों या ध्वनियों के संयोग से होने वाले विकार (परिवर्तन) को सन्धि कहते हैं।
• संधि करते समय कभी–कभी एक अक्षर में, कभी–कभी दोनों अक्षरों में परिवर्तन होता है और कभी–कभी दोनों अक्षरों के स्थान पर एक तीसरा अक्षर बन जाता है।
• सन्धियाँ तीन प्रकार की होती हैं-

1. स्वर सन्धि
2. व्यंजन सन्धि
3. विसर्ग सन्धि

सही उत्तर 'मालवी' है। 

Key Points

• 'मलावी' बोली रातलाम में बोली जाती है।
• मालवी भाषा की विशिष्ट क्षेत्रों से संबंधित विभिन्न बोलियाँ हैं।
• यह मध्य प्रदेश के उज्जैन, इंदौर, देवास, शाजापुर और सीहोर जिलों में उज्जैनी बोली में बोली जाती है, जबकि राज्य के रतलाम, मंदसौर और नीमका जिलों में रजवाड़ी बोली प्रचलित है।

अन्य विकल्प : 

• निमाड़ी - मध्य प्रदेश के निमाड़ क्षेत्र की बोली है।
• बुन्देली - बुन्देलखण्ड में बोली जाती है।
• बघेली - यह मध्य प्रदेश के रीवा, सतना, सीधी,सिंगरौली, उमरिया, एवं शहडोल,अनूपपुर में; उत्तर प्रदेश के जिलों में तथा छत्तीसगढ़ के बिलासपुर एवं कोरिया जनपदों में बोली जाती है।

Additional Information

• ​भाषा का वह स्वरूप जो एक छोटे क्षेत्र में बोलने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है उसे बोली कहा जाता है।
• बोली भाषा का क्षेत्रीय रूप है।

सही उत्तर 'निर्झर' है। 

Key Points

• नदी शब्द का अर्थ 'निर्झर' नहीं होगा।
• 'नदी' का अर्थ पहाड़, झील आदि से निकलकर विशिष्ट मार्ग से बहनेवाली जल की बड़ी प्राकृतिक धारा।
• 'झरना' के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - सोता, श्रोत, प्रपात, उत्स।
• 'नदी' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - सरिता, वाहिनी, तरंगिणी, निर्झरिणी, शैलजा, जलमाला, नद, शैवालिनी, प्रवाहिनी, तनूजा।

Additional Information

• ​वर्णों के व्यवस्थित या सार्थक मेल को शब्द कहा जाता है प्रत्येक शब्द का एक विशेष अर्थ होता है जिसका अर्थ होता है वही शब्द होते हैं।

सही उत्तर 'नीहारिका' है। 

Key Points

• ‘Nebula' का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द 'नीहारिका' है।
• निहारिका अंतरतारकीय माध्यम (इन्टरस्टॅलर स्पेस) में स्थित ऐसे अंतरतारकीय बादल को कहते हैं जिसमें धूल, हाइड्रोजन गैस, हीलियम गैस और अन्य आयनीकृत (आयोनाइज़्ड) प्लाज़्मा गैसे उपस्थित हों।
• पुराने जमाने में "निहारिका" खगोल में दिखने वाली किसी भी विस्तृत वस्तु को कहते थे।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• आदर्शात्मकता - Idealism
• अमिश्रित - Unblended
• तट संबंधी - Coastal

Additional Information

• पारिभाषिक शब्द ऐसे शब्दों को कहते हैं जो सामान्य व्यवहार की भाषा के शब्द न होकर भौतिकी, रसायन, प्राणिविज्ञान, दर्शन, गणित, इंजीनियरी, विधि, वाणिज्य, अर्थशास्त्र, मनोविज्ञान, भूगोल आदि ज्ञान-विज्ञान के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों के विशिष्ट शब्द होते हैं और जिनकी अर्थ सीमा सुनिश्चित और परिभाषित होती है।

सही उत्तर 'तत्सम' है। 

Key Points

• ऋण शब्द तत्सम है।
• इसका अर्थ होता है कर्ज या धन उधर लेना।
• तत्सम शब्द संस्कृत भाषा के दो शब्दों, तत् + सम् से मिलकर बना है। तत् का अर्थ है – उसके, तथा सम् का अर्थ है – समान। अर्थात – ज्यों का त्यों। जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे- अग्नि, चक्षु, अष्ट

अन्य विकल्प: 

• संकर शब्द - ऐसे शब्द जो हिन्दी और किसी अन्य भाषा के शब्द को मिलाकर बनाया गया है उसे संकर शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे- रेलगाड़ी, इसमें 'रेल' अंगेजी शब्द है और 'गाड़ी' हिन्दी है।
• तद्भव शब्द - संस्कृत भाषा के वे शब्द जो कुछ परिवर्तन के साथ हिंदी शब्दावली में आ गए हैं, उसे तद्भव शब्द कहा जाता है।
• जैसे:- अकाज, कचौड़ी, काजल, चाम, चमड़ा, चितेरा, कौड़ी, गहरा आदि।
• देशज शब्द - वे शब्द जिनकी उत्पत्ति के मूल का पता न हो परन्तु वे प्रचलन में हों। ऐसे शब्द देशज शब्द कहलाते हैं। ये शब्द आम तौर पर क्षेत्रीय भाषा में प्रयोग किये जाते हैं।
• जैसे- लोटा, कटोरा, डोंगा, आदि।

Additional Information

• ​एक या एक से अधिक वर्णों के मेल से बनी हुई स्वतंत्र सार्थक इकाई शब्द कहलाती है।

सही उत्तर 'उक्त सभी' है। 

Key Points

• 'अब-तब करना' मुहावरे का अर्थ 'आज-कल करना, टालमटोल करना, बहाना बनाना' सभी हैं।
• वाक्य- सुनील किसी भी काम के लिए अब तब करता रहता है।

Additional Information

• ​ऐसे सुगठित शब्द समूह जिनसे लक्षणाजन्य और कभी कभी व्यंजनाजन्य कुछ विशिष्ट अर्थ निकलता है मुहावरे कहलाते हैं।
• ये शब्द समूह कई बार व्यंग्यात्मक भी हो सकते है।
• मुहावरे किसी भाषा को जीवंत, रंगीन और सरस बना देती है।
• इनके प्रयोग से भाषा प्रभावशाली, गतिशील और रोचक बन जाती है।

सही उत्तर 'समागम' है। 

Key Points

• 'समागम' पत्रिका मध्य प्रदेश से प्रकाशित होती है।
• मीडिया एवं सिनेमा की मासिक शोध पत्रिका 'समागम' का संपादन मनोज कुमार कर रहे हैं।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• नया ज्ञानोदय - इसका प्रकाशन भारतीय ज्ञानपीठ, नई दिल्ली से होता है।
• दस्तावेज़ - गोरखपुर से प्रकाशित होने वाली पत्रिका है।

Additional Information

• ​एक पत्रिका एक मुद्रित प्रकाशन है जिसे एक नियमित आधार (आमतौर पर साप्ताहिक या मासिक) पर संपादित किया जाता है ।
• समाचार पत्रों की तरह, पत्रिकाएं ग्राफिक मीडिया का हिस्सा हैं, हालांकि उनका डिजिटल संस्करण भी हो सकता है या सीधे इंटरनेट पर भी हो सकता है।

सही उत्तर 'विधानवाचक' है। 

Key Points

• “ज्ञानमंडल 'वृहत हिंदी कोश' में लगभग 150000 शब्द हैं" यह वाक्य विधानवाचक का उदाहरण है।
• वह वाक्य जिससे किसी प्रकार की जानकारी प्राप्त होती है, वह वि‌‌धानवाचक वाक्य कहलाता है। जैसे-
• राधा पढ़ती है।
• मेरा काम खत्म हो गया है।
• मेरे पिता का नाम राजेश है।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• आज्ञासूचक वाक्य - आज्ञासूचक वाक्य वो होते हैं जिनकी मदद से हम या तो किसी को कोई आदेश  देते हैं, सलाह देते हैं या फिर किसी से कोई अनुरोध करते हैं। जैसे - रा, को बुलाओ।
• इच्छासूचक वाक्य - जिन वाक्यों से किसी इच्छा, आशा, आशीर्वाद या शुभकामना का बोध होता है, उन्हें इच्छावाचक वाक्य कहते हैं। जैसे - ईश्वर तुम्हें लंबी उम्र दे।
• संकेतार्थक वाक्य - वह वाक्य जिससे शर्त के भाव का बोध हो उसे संकेतार्थक वाक्य कहते हैं। जैसे - यदि तुम पढ़ते तो पास हो जाते।

Additional Information

• शब्दों का वह सार्थक समूह जिससे एक विचार की स्पष्ट एवं पूर्ण अभिव्यक्ति होती हो उसे वाक्य कहते हैं।
• भाषा व व्याकरण का सबसे बड़ा अंग वाक्य होता है।
• भाव/भावार्थ के आधार पर भाषा की सबसे बड़ी एवं सबसे छोटी इकाई वाक्य होता है, क्योंकि भाव/भावार्थ के आधार पर भाषा का सिर्फ़ एक ही अंग होता है, जो कि वाक्य होता है।

सही उत्तर 'मुक्ति - विमुक्ति' है। 

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में अनुचित उत्तर 'मुक्ति - विमुक्ति' है।
• मुक्ति का उचित विलोम बंधन होगा।
• विमुक्ति शब्द उन्मुक्ति का विलोम है।

Additional Information

• ​किसी शब्द का विलोम शब्द उस शब्द के अर्थ से उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ वाला होता है।
• जैसे - सोना - जागना, आया - गया, खोया - पाया आदि।

सही उत्तर 'मोहन और रीता दोनों तैर रहे हैं।' है। 

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही वाक्य है - मोहन और रीता दोनों तैर रहे हैं।
• शब्दों के सार्थक योग से वाक्य बनता है जिसका एक उचित अर्थ होता।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• वाक्यों के शद्ध रूप हैं -

Additional Information

• वाक्य शुद्धि का भी भाषा में महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान होता है।
• वाक्य में अनावश्यक शब्द प्रयोग से, अनुपयुक्त शब्द के प्रयुक्त होने से, सही क्रम या अन्विति न होने से, लिंग, वचन, कारक का सही प्रयोग नहीं होने से, सही सर्वनाम एवं क्रिया का प्रयोग न होने से वाक्य अशुद्ध हो जाता है।

सही उत्तर 'उपर्युक्त' होगा। 

Key Points

• दिए गए शब्दों में शुद्ध शब्द 'उपर्युक्त' है।
• उपर्युक्त का अर्थ 'ऊपर कहा गया' होता है।
• 'आल्हाद' का शुद्ध रूप 'आह्लाद' होगा।
• 'उन्नती' का सही रूप 'उन्नति' होता है।
• 'कृत्यकृत्य' का सही रूप 'कृत-कृत्य' होगा।

Additional Information

• ​भाषा विचारों की अभिव्यक्ति का सशक्त माध्यम है और शब्द ���ाषा की सबसे छोटी सार्थक इकाई है।
• भाषा के माध्यम से ही मानव मौखिक एवं लिखित रूपों में अपने विचारों को अभिव्यक्त करता है।
• इस वैचारिक अभिव्यक्ति के लिए शब्दों का शुद्ध प्रयोग आवश्यक है।
• अन्यथा अर्थ का अनर्थ होने में भी देर नहीं लगती।

सही उत्तर 'सदा-सर्वदा' है 

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'सदा-सर्वदा' शब्द समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द युग्म नहीं है।
• सदा और सर्वदा एक ही अर्थ को प्रस्तुत कर रहे हैं इसलिए यह पर्यायवाची शब्द कहे जा सकते हैं।
• अन्य सभी समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द हैं।

अन्य विकल्प: 

• सुत - पुत्र, सूत - धागा।
• सुअन - बेटा, सुमन - पुष्प।
• सुर - लय, सूर - अंधा

Additional Information

LOGIC:

Next number = Previous number × n + n3 ; where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

The Pattern followed here is:

In the given series, there has to be 1705 in place of 1704.

Which means 1704 is wrong term in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "1704".

Given:

Area of a rectangular plot = 1080 cm²

Breadth = 54 cm

Formula used: 

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth

Perimeter of rectangle = 2× (Length + Breadth)

Calculation: 

1080 = Length × 54

Length = 1080 ÷ 54 = 20 cm

Now, 

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (20 + 54) = 2 × 74 = 148 cm

Hence, the correct answer is "148 cm".

Given:

x2 + 5x + 6 = 0

Calculation:

⇒ x2 + 5x + 6 = 0

⇒ x² + 3x + 2x + 6 = 0

⇒ x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3) = 0

⇒ (x + 3) (x + 2) = 0

⇒ x + 3 = 0

⇒ x = -3

⇒ x + 2 = 0

⇒ x = -2

So, roots of the equation = -3, -2

Hence, the correct answer is "-3, -2".

Given:

Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 48 cm

Formula used:

Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × s; where s is side of equilateral triangle

Area of  equilateral triangle = √3/4 s2

Calculation:

Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × s = 48 cm

s = 48 ÷ 3 = 16 cm 

Area of a triangle = √3/4 × (16)²

Area =  64√3 cm²

Hence, the correct answer is "64√3 cm²"

Given:

The ratio of present ages of Mahajan and Sanjay is 8 : 7.

The ration of ages after 6 years is 19 : 17.

Calculation:

Let present ages of Mahajan = 8x and Sanjay = 7x

According to question,

(\frac{8x + 6}{7x + 6} = \frac {19}{17})

17(8x + 6) = 19(7x + 6)

136x + 102 = 133x + 114

3x = 12

x = 12/3 = 4

Difference of their ages after 10 year = (8x + 10) - (7x + 10)

Difference = 8x + 10 - 7x - 10 = x = 4 years

Difference = 4 years

Hence, the correct answer is "4 years".

Given:

Sum of two numbers = 29

Product of two numbers = 100

Formula used:

(x - y)2 = (x + y)2 - 4xy

Calculation:

Let two numbers be x and y.

According to question,

x + y = 29  .....(1)

xy = 100..... (2)

(x - y)² = (x + y)² - 4xy

By putting the values from equation (1) and (2)

(x - y)² = (29)² - 4 × 100

(x - y)2 = 841 - 400

(x - y)2 = 441

x - y = 21   ....(3)

On adding equations (1) and (3),

2x = 50

x = 50/2 = 25

x = 25

From equation (1),

y = 29 - 25 = 4

y = 4

Hence, the correct answer is "25 and 4".

Given:

The marked price of an article = Rs. 20,000

Two successive discounts = 7% both

Formula used:

Selling price = Marked price × (100 - x)/100 × (100 - y)/100

Calculation:

After allowing First discount 7% = 20000 - 20000×(7/100) 

⇒ 20000(1 - 7/100) = 20000(100 - 7)/100

⇒ 20000 × 93/100 = 18600

After allowing Second discount 7% = 18600 - 18600 × (7/100)

⇒ 18600(1 - 7/100) = 18600(100 - 7)/100

⇒ 18600 × 93/100 = 17298 Rs.

Selling price = 17,298 

 ∴ The Selling price of the article is 17,298.

The pattern followed here is:

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is "182".

BODMS Rule:

Given:

3800 - 22 × 1968 ÷ 48 = ? × 7

Calculation:

⇒ 3800 - 22 × 1968 ÷ 48 = ? × 7

⇒ 3800 - 22 × 41 = x × 7

⇒ 3800 - 902 = x × 7

⇒ x × 7 = 2898

⇒ x = 2898/7 = 414

x = 414

Hence, the correct answer is "414".

Given:

A alone can do the work in = 12 days

B's efficiency = 50% more than A's efficiency

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency × Number of days to finish the work

Calculation:

Efficiency Ratio of A and B

 A ∶ B = 100 ∶ 150 = 2 ∶ 3

Let A's efficiency = 2a then B's efficiency = 3a

Now, total work done by A = 2a × 12 = 24a

Same work done by B in = 24a ÷ 3a  = 8 days

 

∴ B alone will take 8 days to complete the same work.

Given:

A gets 10% marks less than B and B gets 25% marks more than C and C gets 20% marks less than D.

A gets 270 marks in 500.

Calculation:

Let D gets marks = 100

According to question,

C gets = 100 - 100 × 20/100 = 100 - 20 = 80 

B gets = 80 + 80 × 25/100 = 80 + 20 = 100

A gets = 100 - 100 × 10/100 = 100 - 10 = 90

A gets 270 marks,

i.e. 90 = 270

1 = 3

So, D = 100 = 3 × 100 = 300 marks

Percentage D get = 300/500 × 100 = 60%

D = 60%

Hence, the D get 60% in the examination.

Given:

The average of the six number = 32

Formula used:

(Average = \frac{Sum\ of\ all\ item} {Total\ number\ of\ items})

Calculation:

Let the new average be X.

According to the question,

The sum of the six numbers = 32 × 6 = 192

The total increase of first three numbers = 2 × 3 = 6

The total decrease in last three numbers = 4 × 3 = 12

The new sum of the all six numbers = 192 + 6 - 12 = 192 - 6 = 186

The new average of the six numbers = 186 ÷ 6 = 311866 = 311866 = 311866 = 311866 = 311866 = 311866 = 311866 = 31

∴ The new average will be 31.

Average = The sum of all itemsThe total number of itemsAverage = The sum of all itemsThe total number of itemsAverage = The sum of all itemsThe total number of itemsAverage = The sum of all itemsThe total number of itemsAverage = The sum of all itemsThe total number of itemsAverage = The sum of all itemsThe total number of items

Given:

(\frac {2x + 3y} {3x + 5y} = \frac {18}{29})

Calculation:

29 × (2(x ) + 3(y)) = 18 × (3(x ) + 5(y))

58(x ) + 87(y) = 54(x ) + 90(y)

4(x ) = 3(y)

(x ) ∶ (y) = 3 ∶ 4

Hence, the correct answer is "3 : 4".

Given:

Length of train = 120 m

Length of railway platform = 230 m

Speed of train = 90 km/hour = 90 × 5/18 = 25 m/sec

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation:

Total distance covered by train = 120 + 230

 25 = (120 + 230)/T

T = 350/25

T = 14 Seconds

Hence, the correct answer is "14 seconds".

Given:

Ratio of speeds of trains = 7 : 9

Time taken by the first train T₁ = 4 seconds

Time taken by the second train T₂ = 6 seconds

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let the Length of first train = L₁

Length of second train = L₂ 

First train,

7x = L₁/4

L₁ = 28x

Second train, 

9x = L₂/6

L₂ = 54x

Train to cross each other,

(7x + 9x) = (L₁ + L₂) / T

(7x + 9x) = (28x + 54x) / T

16x = 82x / T

T = 82x/16x = 41/8

T =  (5\frac{1}{8})seconds

**Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".**​

Shortcut Trick

Identify the range: Numbers between 101 and 120 are from 102 to 119 (Total 18 numbers).

List all Prime numbers in this range: 103, 107, 109, 113 (Total 4 primes).

Number of Composite numbers = Total numbers − Prime numbers.

⇒ 18 − 4 = 14.

∴ The correct answer is 14.

Alternate Method

Given: Range = Numbers between 101 and 120.

Formula Used: Composite number = A positive integer greater than 1 that has at least one divisor other than 1 and itself.

Numbers to evaluate: {102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119}

⇒ Even numbers (Composite): 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 (Total 9)

⇒ Numbers divisible by 3 or 5 or 7 (Composite): 105 (by 5), 111 (by 3), 115 (by 5), 117 (by 3/9), 119 (by 7) (Total 5)

⇒ Total composite numbers = 9 + 5 = 14.

⇒ Remaining are Prime: 103, 107, 109, 113 (Total 4).

∴ The correct answer is 14.

Additional Information

Composite Number

A composite number is any natural number greater than 1 that is not prime. Example: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, etc.

Prime Numbers in Range

Between 100 and 120, the prime numbers are 101, 103, 107, 109, 113. Note: 101 is excluded here because the question asks for numbers "between" 101 and 120.

The number 1

The number 1 is unique; it is neither a prime number nor a composite number.

Given:

Time and Rate for the first part = (3\frac{1}{3}) years and  6% p.a.

Time and Rate for the second part =  (3\frac{1}{2}) years at 4% p.a.

Formula used:

Simple interest = (\frac{P× T× R}{100})

Calculation:

Let 6800 be divide in two parts i.e. x and 6800 - x .

According to question,

(\frac {{x × 6 × {\frac{10}{3}}}}{100} = \frac {{(6800-x) × 4 × {\frac{7}{2}}}}{100})

20x = 14 × (6800 - x)

10x = 47600 - 7x

17x = 47600

x = Rs. 2800

Second part = 6800 - x = 6800 - 2800 = Rs. 4000

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Given:

A labour can do a job in 50 hours.

He takes a break in 5 hours.

Calculation:

Labour can do a job in 50 hours.

⇒ In 1 hour labour can do 1/50 part of the job

⇒ In 5 hours labour can do 5 × (1/50) part of the job

∴ fraction of the job is yet to be done = 1 - 0.1 = 0.90

Given fractions,

(\frac {20}{500} ) = 0.040

(\frac {18}{484} ) = 0.037

(\frac {15}{408} ) = 0.036

(\frac {18}{360} ) = 0.050

Ascending order of fractions,

(\frac {15}{408} ) < (\frac {18}{484} ) < (\frac {20}{500} ) < (\frac {18}{360} )

Hence, smallest fraction is (\frac {15}{408} ).

Given fractions,

(\frac {6}{35} ) ~ 0.171

(\frac {13}{69} ) ~ 0.188

(\frac {19}{98} ) ~ 0.193

(\frac {21}{113} ) ~ 0.185

The ascending sequence of given fractions,

(\frac {6}{35} ) < (\frac {21}{113} ) < (\frac {13}{69} ) < (\frac {19}{98} )

Hence, the largest fraction is (\frac {19}{98} ).