MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari: (04 June 2026, Shift 2) Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

EXPLANATION: ​

• Indicators: The indicators change their colour when added to a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance.

• The scale runs from 0 to 14, with acids having a pH less than 7, 7 being neutral, and bases having a pH higher than 7.

• Red litmus is turned in blue in a basic (alkali) medium, and the pH range of the alkali medium is higher than 7.

So, The pH of the solution which turns red litmus into blue is likely to be 9.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• The 'Mid-day meal Scheme' was first introduced in 1956 by Tamil Nadu's Chief Minister K. Kamaraj. 
• The aim was to reduce the school dropout rate as well as increase school enrollment by providing free meals.

Additional Information

• Gujarat and Kerala were the 2^nd and 3^rd states respectively to implement it after Tamil Nadu.
• On 15 Aug 1995, it was taken as a National scheme called Nutrition Support to Primary Education Scheme or Mid-Day Meal program.
• It was taken under by the MHRD ministry (In 2020 name was changed to Ministry of Education).
• According to the scheme, all the primary and upper primary students of government schools and government-aided schools like Alternative and Innovative Education (AIE) centers and Madrasas will get free lunch.
• According to 2020 Ministry data over 11.9 Cr students are benefited from the scheme.
• 

'अंगुष्ठिका' शब्द के शुद्ध तद्भव रूप है - 'अँगूठी'

• अँगूठी - हाथ की उँगलियों में पहनने का एक आभूषण, मुद्रिका, मुंदरी, (रिंग)।
• तद्भव मूल भाषा संस्कृत के वे शब्द जिनका हिंदी में रूप परिवर्तन हो गया है उन्हें तद्भव शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - दूध, फूल, आम, रात आदि।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प वर्तनी की दृष्टि से अनुचित है।

Mistake Points

• अंगुठी - ('ऊ' की मात्रा के प्रयोग से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)
• अँगूष्ठी - ('ष्' वर्ण के प्रयोग से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)
• अंगूठि - ('ई' की मात्रा के प्रयोग से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)

Key Points 

Additional Information तत्सम शब्द:-

• जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - दुग्ध, पुष्प, आम्र, रात्रि आदि।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर ‘शोक’ है। 

Key Points

दिए गए विकल्पों में से करुण रस का स्थायी भाव 'शोक' है। 

Additional Information

इसके अलावा 2 और रस माने जाते हैं। वे हैं-

दोहा और रोला को क्रम से मिलाने पर छंद बनता है - कुण्डलिया

Key Points

• कुण्डलिया छंद दोहा-रोला छंदों के योग से बनता है।
• कुंडलियाँ एक विषम मात्रिक छंद होता है।
• यह दोहा-रोला छंदों के योग से बनता है।
• पहले एक दोहा और बाद में दोहा के चौथे चरण से यदि एक रोला रख दिया जाए तो वह कुंडलिया छंद बन जाता है।

उदाहरण - 

• रत्नाकर सबके लिए, होत�� एक समान।
• बुद्धिमान मोती चुने, सीप चुने नादान॥
• सीप चुने नादान,अज्ञ मूंगे पर मरता।
• जिसकी जैसी चाह,इकट्ठा वैसा करता।
• ‘ठकुरेला’ कविराय, सभी खुश इच्छित पाकर।
• हैं मनुष्य के भेद, एक सा है रत्नाकर॥

Additional Informationहरिगीतिका-

• हरिगीतिका चार चरणों वाला एक सम मात्रिक छंद है।
• इसके प्रत्येक चरण में 16 व 12 के विराम से 28 मात्रायें होती हैं।
• अंत में लघु गुरु आना अनिवार्य है।

उदाहरण-

• श्री राम चंद्र कृपालु भजमन, हरण भव भय दारुणम् ।
• नवकंज लोचन कंज मुख कर, कंज पद कन्जारुणम ॥
• कंदर्प अगणित अमित छवि नव, नील नीरज सुन्दरम ।
• पट्पीत मानहु तडित रुचि शुचि, नौमि जनक सुतावरम ॥

सवैया:-

• सवैया एक सम वर्णिक छंद है
• जो किसी की प्रशंसा में लिखा जाता है।
• इस छंद में, प्रत्येक छंद सामान्य छंद की लंबाई का एक-चौथाई है।
• प्रत्येक चरण में 22 से 26 वर्ण होते हैं।

उदाहरण-

• राम सदा करता सबके मनभावन पूर्ण सजे सपने रे।
• नाम रटो मन से भजके सच हों सब चाह भरे सपने रे।
• प्रेम जगा मन में करले उसका तप हार नहीं सपने रे।
• जीत सदा रहती मन में बसके बस योग मिला अपने रे।

The correct answer is Durga Shankar Mehta.

Key Points

• Turiya Jungle Satyagraha was organized by the tribes in the Seoni district long before the Quit India Movement.
• ​It was held in the Turia village near Seoni in 1930.
• It was started by General Okha Lohar in Turia between the forests, 12 km away from Khavasa and Kurai.
• It was led by Durga Shankar Mehta.
• Deputy commissioner Seeman ordered the police to shoot at the people.
• In this event, 4 tribes Muddobai, Rainabai, Demobai, Birju Bhoi died in the incident.

Additional Information

• Hirdesh Shah actively participated in both the movement Bundela revolt as well as in the great revolt of 1857.
• Tantya Bhil participated in the great revolt of 1857 from Khargaon.
• Sahadat Khan participated in the great revolt of 1857 from Mhow, Indore.

Given:

Time taken by pipe 1 to fill the tank = 34 hours

Time taken by pipe 2 to fill the tank = 94 hours

Formula used:

Total work (capacity of the tank) = LCM of the times taken by each pipe.

Combined rate of work = Total work / Time taken when working together.

Calculation:

The LCM of 34 and 94:

34 = 2 × 17

94 = 2 × 47

LCM(34, 94) = 2 × 17 × 47 = 1598

Let the total capacity of the tank be 1598 units.

Rate of pipe 1 = Total work / Time taken by pipe 1

= 1598 / 34 = 47 units/hour

Rate of pipe 2 = Total work / Time taken by pipe 2

= 1598 / 94 = 17 units/hour

The combined rate of work when both pipes are open:

Combined rate = Rate of pipe 1 + Rate of pipe 2

= 47 + 17 = 64 units/hour

Time taken to fill the tank when both pipes are open:

Time = Total work / Combined rate

= 1598 / 64 = (\frac{799}{32}) hours

∴ The time required to fill the tank when both pipes are opened simultaneously is (\frac{799}{32}) hours.

जिन पंक्तियों में नायक-नायिका के संयोग या वियोग का वर्णन होता है, वहाँ रस की दृष्टि से शृंगार रस होता है।

• इसका स्थायी भाव 'रति' है।
• शृंगार रस को रसराज भी कहा जाता हैं।

उदाहरण -

• मेरे तो गिरधर गोपाल दूसरो न कोई।
• जाके सिर मोर मुकुट, मेरो पति सोई।

Key Points

The correct answer is Gateway of India.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation is the full form of UNESCO.

• UNESCO is a specialized agency of the united nations formed to promote world peace and security through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
• At present193 countries are members of UNESCO, Palestine was the last country to become a member of UNESCO. The United States of America and Israel left UNESCO on 31st December 2018.
• The headquarters of UNESCO is in Paris, France.
• UNESCO was formed on 16th November 1945.
• The current head of UNESCO is Audrey Azoulay.
• UNESCO gives Kalinga prize for achievement in the field of Science.

Image of UNESCO Logo

Some important UNESCO world heritage sites and their locations:

• So referring to the above list we can say that Gateway of India is not the UNESCO world heritage site.

Shortcut Trick

We can use the direct ratio relation between Cost Price and Marked Price:

CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%)

⇒ 3600 ÷ MP = (100 − 10) ÷ (100 + 20)

⇒ 3600 ÷ MP = 90 ÷ 120 = 3 ÷ 4

⇒ MP = (3600 × 4) ÷ 3 = 4800

∴ The correct answer is ₹4,800.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) of the camera = ₹3,600

Target Profit = 20%

Discount allowed = 10%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100

Marked Price (MP) = SP × 100 ÷ (100 − Discount%)

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 3600 × (100 + 20) ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 3600 × 120 ÷ 100 = ₹4,320

Now, substitute the value of Selling Price to find the Marked Price:

⇒ MP = 4320 × 100 ÷ (100 − 10)

⇒ MP = 4320 × 100 ÷ 90

⇒ MP = 48 × 100 = ₹4,800

∴ The correct answer is ₹4,800.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

It is the price printed or tagged on an article. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price. Formula: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

CP to MP Direct Relation

When both Profit% and Discount% are given, the direct ratio is CP/MP = (100 − D) / (100 + P). This is the fastest way to skip finding the Selling Price entirely.

Successive Discount

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given, the equivalent single discount is calculated as (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Given:

Increase in 1 year = 20%

Population after increase = 30,942

Calculation:

⇒ Let the population a year ago be x.

⇒ So, x + 20% of x = 30942

⇒ x + (\frac{20}{100}) × x = 30942

⇒ x + (\frac{x}{5}) = 30942

⇒ (\frac{5x+x}{5}) = 30942

⇒ x = (\frac{30942\times 5}{6}) = 5157 × 5 = 25785

Therefore, the population originally a year ago was 25785.

The Correct Answer is Cytokinin.

Key Points

• Cytokinins are a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division or cytokinesis in plant roots and shoots.
• There are two types of Cytokinins: Adenine-type Cytokinins represented by Zeatin, Kinetin and 6-Benzylaminopurine and Phenylurea-type Cytokinins like Diphenylurea and Thidiazuron (TDZ).

Key Points 

• Auxins are a class of plant hormones with some morphogen-like characteristics. Auxins play a cardinal role in the coordination of many growths and behavioural processes in plant life cycles and are essential for plant body development.
• Abscisic acid is a plant hormone. ABA functions in many plant developmental processes, including seed and bud dormancy, the control of organ size and stomatal closure.
• Gibberellins are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, dormancy, germination, flowering, flower development and leaf and fruit senescence.

Additional Information 

सही उत्तर गृह है।  

Key Points

• घर एक तद्भव शब्द है, इसका तत्सम रूप गृह होगा।
• तत्सम शब्द संस्कृत भाषा के दो शब्दों, तत् + सम् से मिलकर बना है।
• तत् का अर्थ है– उसके, तथा सम् का अर्थ है – समान। अर्थात ज्यों का त्यों।
• तत्सम शब्द - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं।
• तत्सम शब्द में ध्वनि परिवर्तन नहीं होता है। जैसे – आम्र, अग्नि, अमूल्य, क्षेत्र, अज्ञान, अन्धकार, चंद्र, बांग्ला, मराठी, गुजराती, हिंदी, पंजाबी, कन्नड़, तेलगु, मलयालम आदि।
• तद्भव शब्द- वे शब्द होते हैं, जो संस्कृत भाषा से तो आते हैं, लेकिन वे शब्द हिंदी में जाकर बदल जाते हैं। हिंदी में उनके परिवर्तित रूप को 'तद्भव' कहा जाता है। जैसे –   आँसू, ऊँचा, किवाड़, कैंची, कोख, कुत्ता, खाट, घी, चीता, खीर, तीखा, तेल, धतूरा आदि।

The correct answer is Washington D.C.

• The World Bank Group (WBG) is a specialized agency of the United Nations and its headquartered in Washington D.C.

Key PointsThe World Bank Group include five groups which are:

• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
• International Development Association (IDA)
• International Finance Corporation (IFC)
• Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
• International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
• To become members of the IDA, IFC, and MIGA, the countries must first become members of IBRD.

Additional Information

• World Bank approved 1 billion US$ aid to India to accelerate 'India's Covid 19 special protection response programme'.
• There are 2 goals for the world to achieve by 2030 –
• End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.90 a day to no more than 3%.
• Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for every country.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Pole.

The center of reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called the pole.

• The reflecting surface of spherical mirrors forms a part of the surface of a sphere. Reflecting the surface of such mirrors can be curved inwards or outwards.
• When reflecting surface curved inwards and faces towards the center of the sphere is called a concave mirror and when reflecting surface curved outwards is called a convex mirror.
• The center of reflecting the surface of a spherical mirror is called a pole and it lies on the surface of the mirror. It is represented by the letter P.
• The reflecting surface of the spherical mirror forms a part of the sphere. The center of this sphere is called the center of curvature of the mirror. It is represented by the letter C.
• The radius of the sphere is called the radius of curvature of the mirror. It is represented by letter R.
• A straight line passing through pole and center of curvature is called as principal axis.
• Rays which are coming parallel to the principal axis falling on spherical mirror intersect or meet at the point on the principal axis is called as the principal focus. It is represented by the letter F.
• The distance between pole and principal focus is called principal focal length and it is represented by f.

Shishupal was the king of Chanderi during the Mahabharat period.

• As per a legend, Chanderi was established by king Shishupal during Mahabharat Period.
• He is also known as Chedi Naresh and his capital was 'Boodhi Chanderi'.
• In Buddhist literature also, the Chedi kingdom is mentioned as one of the 16 Mahajanapadas.
• Later it came under the control of Gurjar-Pratihaar kings, King Kirtipal constructed the Chanderi Fort here.
• After Pratiharas, it came under the control of Kushwaha dynasty.
• In 1251-52 Balban attacked Narwar and ruled over this area.
• From 1296-1316, Khilji dynasty ruled Chanderi.
• Lastly, in 1528, Chanderi King Medini Rai fought with Babur and lost the area to Mughals.

Hint

• If we see options, we can easily eliminate Ravana (Ramayana's period) and Arjuna (Hastinapur and Indraprasth area).
• And from fables we know that Kans was the ruler of Vrushni kingdom with its capital at Mathura, hence by the elimination of options we can easily reach right option 4.

बसेरा में एरा प्रत्यय है। 

Mistake Points

• ऐसे प्रत्यय जिन्हें मूल क्रियापद से जोड़ने पर कार्य करने वाले कर्ता का बोध हो, उन्हें कृत् प्रत्यय कहा जाता है
• जैसे - एरा, इयल, आका
• कमाना - कमेरा,
• बसना - बसेरा

Key Points

प्रत्यय वे शब्द होते है जो सार्थक शब्द के पीछे लगकर उसका अर्थ परिवर्तित कर देते है।

बसेरा शब्द में पीछे एरा प्रत्यय प्रयुक्त हुआ है।

बसेरा

• पुल्लिंग
• मार्ग में ठहरने की जगह।
• अस्थायी निवास।
• विशेषण
• विश्राम हेतु ठहरनेवाला।

Additional Information

• आरा प्रत्यय से निर्मित शब्द-
• बनजारा, निबटारा, छुटकारा, हत्यारा, घसियारा, भटियारा
• एरा प्रत्यय से निर्मित शब्द-
• लुटेरा, सपेरा, मौसेरा, चचेरा, ममेरा, फुफेरा, चितेरा, ठठेरा, कसेरा, लखेरा, भतेरा
• रा प्रत्यय से निर्मित शब्द-
• दूसरा, तीसरा, आसरा, कमरा, नवरात्रा, पिटारा, निबटारा, सहारा

• The friction experienced by an object is directly proportional to its weight, that is, with the increase in the weight, the friction experienced by the body also increases and vice versa.
• Friction is the opposing force or resistance which is experienced by two objects sliding against each other.
• The friction is the result of the interaction between the surface of the two objects. When the weight of the object increases, this interaction becomes stronger which is why the resistance also increases.

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh
• A state of central India.
• Total Madhya Pradesh comprises 55 districts.
• Formation- 1 November 1956.
• Madhya Pradesh region is the second-largest Indian state and is the fifth-largest state by population.
• It borders the state of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast.
• 14 districts of Madhya Pradesh i.e.
• Morena, Bhind, Datia, Shivpuri, Ashoknagar, Sagar, Tikamgarh, Niwari, Chhatarpur, Panna, Satna, Rewa, Sidhi, and Singrauli shares boundary with Uttar Pradesh.

Additional Information

The correct answer is- ​Dancing is enjoyed by them.

Key Points

• In Active voice, a sentence emphasizes the subject performing an action.
• In passive voice, the sentence emphasizes the action or the object of the sentence.
• ​​Example: He reads a novel. (active voice)

                                     A novel is read by him. (passive voice) 

• The given sentence is in the Simple Present Tense and in Active voice.
• The rule for changing of Simple Present Tense from active voice to passive voice:
• Subject + V1 + Object(Active voice) into Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject(passive voice)

​

**Therefore the correct sentence is: *​Dancing is enjoyed by them.*​

​

Additional Information

• Table for conversion active to passive voice:

The correct answer is Filtration

Key Points

• Filtration is when solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluids are removed and the liquid is passed through a membrane.
• It is also called Sedimentation which separates water from mud or sand. Hence option 1 is correct.
• In this heavier impurities present in the water settle down after some time which makes it easier to filter.
• A separating funnel is used to separate two immiscible liquids. 
• When two immiscible liquids are placed in a separatory funnel, two layers are seen. The denser solvent will be at the bottom.

Additional Information

• Distillation is a process that separates two or more components by converting liquid into a vapour and then subsequently condenses back the vapour into a liquid state.
• Crystallization is a process that happens when a material solidifies from a liquid.

The correct answer is 'bunglow'.

Key Points

• The correct spelling of 'bunglow' is BUNGALOW and it means a low house having only one storey or, in some cases, upper rooms set in the roof, typically with dormer windows.
• All other given options have been spelt correctly.
• Hence, option 2  is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Balloon - a small coloured rubber bag which is inflated with air and then sealed at the neck, used as a child's toy or a decoration. 
• We decorated the room with balloons and streamers for his party.
• Irritant - a substance that causes slight inflammation or another discomfort to the body.
• Poison ivy is a powerful skin irritant.
• Adulteration - the action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
• This shop is known for its adulteration.

The correct answer is centrosome.

• Plant cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Plantae. They have a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions.
• Centrosome 
• These are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers for animal cells.
• It helps in cell division and stimulates the changes in the shape of the cell membrane by phagocytosis.
• They also maintain the chromosome number during cell division.
• Plant cells lack centrosomes. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole.

Important Points

• Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose. Cellulose fibers are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules.

Additional Information

• Vacuoles 
• These are found in both animal and plant cells.
• They might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive.
• They store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.
• Plastids
• These are double-membrane organelle.
• These are responsible for the manufacturing and storing of food.
• There are different types of plastids with specialized functions. For example-Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Gerontoplasts, Leucoplasts, etc.
• It is not present in animal cell.

सही उत्तर है - ‘रूपक’।

Key Points

• ‘बीती विभावरी जाग री। अम्बर-पनघट में डुबो रही तारा-घट ऊषा नागर���।’ इसमें रूपक​ अलंकार है।
• यहाँ, ऊषा में नागरी का, अम्बर में पनघट का और तारा में घट का निषेध-रहित आरोप हुआ है।
• अतः यहाँ रूपक अलंकार है।

Additional Information 

• रूपक​ अलंकार: जब उपमान और उपमेय में अभिन्नता या अभेद दिखाया जाए तब यह रूपक अलंकार कहलाता है।
• जैसे: 
  

“मैया मैं तो चन्द्र-खिलौना लैहों”

• ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरण में चन्द्रमा एवं खिलोने में समानता न दिखाकर चाँद को ही खिलौना बोल दिया गया है। अतः यह रूपक अलंकार होगा।

The correct answer is 'A nap was being taken by Suman'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the Active Voice. As per the given question we have to change the sentence into Passive Form.
• The given sentence is an example of 'past continuous'.
• The structure of these kinds of sentences is:
• Subject + was/were + V1+ing + Object. (Active Voice)
• Subject (Objective Case) + was/were+ being + V3 + by + Object (subjective case). (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• He was riding a bike.
• A bike was being ridden by him.
• Here, in the given sentence 'was taking' will be changed into 'was being taken'.
• 'Suman' will be changed into the subject.
• 'A nap' will be changed into the object.
• The preposition 'by' will be added. 
  

​Correct Sentence: A nap was being taken by Suman.

The correct answer is Part 8.

• The Union government directly governs the union territories.
• Part 8 of the constitution deals with the administration of union territories.
• Lieutenant governor or administrator is appointed by President for the administration of union territories.

Key Points

• The President is elected by the ruling party at the central and state level.
• The central government will is followed by union territories.
• In the original version of the constitution, there was no concept of union territories.
• The concept of union territories was added by the 7th constitutional amendment act 1956.
• In governing union territories, there exist differences depending upon whether there is a legislative assembly or not in that union territory.
• The smaller union territories are directly governed by the central government.

The correct answer is Pivotal joint: Neck–head.

Key Points

• Pivotal Joint-
• They are freely movable joints that only allow rotation on a single axis.
• They are also known as rotary or trochoid joints.
• It is a type of synovial joint in which the ends of two bones are connected together.
• There are only three pivot joints present in the human body, they are present in the neck, wrist, and elbow.
• The rotation of the skull is conceivable in light of pivot joints. The bending development of the bones of the lower arm, against the upper arm, is because of pivot joints.
• Without pivot joints, the skeleton of the human body would lack flexibility and movement freedom, making the development of the skeleton very stiff and rigid.

Additional Information

• Hinge Joint -
• Movement of bones is possible only in one direction. This joint can be moved at a 180 degree angle.
• Example - Knee joint and Elbow joint.
• Ball and socket type Joint -
• Movement of bones is possible in two or more directions and can be moved in 360 degree angle.
• Example - Shoulder joint and Hip joint.
• Gliding Joint -
• Movement is done by bones gliding over each other so limited movement occurs.
• Example – Wrist joint and Ankle joint.

​

The correct answer is Mycology.

Key Points

• Mycology is a branch of biology that studies fungi.
• Fungi are unicellular or multicellular thick-cell-walled heterotroph decomposers that eat decaying matter and form tangles of fibers.
• They use complex organic compounds as a source of energy and carbon, not photosynthesis.
• They are found in almost any habitat, but live mostly on land, primarily on soil or plant material rather than in sea or freshwater.
• A small number of fungi cause diseases in animals.
• In humans, fungal diseases include skin diseases such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush.

Additional Information

• Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
• Kalology is the branch of philosophy dealing with taste and the study of beauty in nature and art.
• Virology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of viruses and viral diseases.

The correct answer is Padma Vibhushan.

Key Points

• Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian honor in India.
• The award is given for exceptional and distinguished service without discrimination of distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.
• Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954 and is announced every year on the occasion of Republic Day.
• Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in the country.

Additional Information

• Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order.
• Padma Shri for distinguished service.
• Param Vir Chakra is the highest gallantry award.
• Ashoka Chakra is the highest peacetime award.

The correct answer is Price Discovery and Transparency.

Key Points

• The e-Mandi digital marketplace in Madhya Pradesh was implemented to enhance price discovery and ensure transparency in agricultural transactions.
• This platform connects farmers directly with buyers, reducing the role of intermediaries and enabling farmers to sell their produce at fair prices.
• The system leverages technology to create an open marketplace where the prices of commodities are determined based on real-time demand and supply dynamics.
• The initiative aims to empower farmers by providing them access to market insights and enabling informed decisions regarding the sale of their produce.
• Madhya Pradesh has taken the lead in implementing this digital marketplace, setting an example for other states to modernize their agricultural trade systems.

Additional Information

• Price Discovery:
• Price discovery refers to the process through which buyers and sellers determine the price of a commodity based on market conditions.
• It ensures fair value for agricultural produce and reduces the chances of exploitation of farmers by intermediaries.
• This mechanism is crucial in addressing the challenges of price volatility and ensuring stable incomes for farmers.
• Transparency in Trade:
• Transparency reduces information asymmetry between farmers and buyers, enabling equitable trade.
• It builds trust in the marketplace and enhances the efficiency of agricultural transactions.
• e-Mandi platforms use digital tools to ensure that all stakeholders have access to real-time information regarding prices and demand.
• Seeds Distribution:
• The distribution of seeds is a separate aspect of agricultural support provided by various schemes such as the National Mission on Seeds.
• While it is essential for improving crop yield, it does not directly address price discovery or transparency in trade.
• Fertilizer Subsidy:
• Fertilizer subsidies help farmers reduce input costs and improve soil health, but they do not contribute to market price transparency or discovery.
• Government schemes like Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for fertilizers focus on subsidies rather than market dynamics.
• Weather Forecasting:
• Weather forecasting tools assist farmers in planning their sowing and harvesting schedules, minimizing losses due to adverse weather conditions.
• However, weather forecasting is not directly linked to improving price discovery or market transparency.

Important Points

• e-Mandi Success Stories: Madhya Pradesh's e-Mandi has reportedly increased farmers' earnings by up to 30% due to better price realization.
• Technology Integration: The platform uses Artificial Intelligence and Big Data analytics to analyze market trends and provide predictions for future price movements.
• Digital Literacy: Training programs are conducted to educate farmers about using digital platforms effectively, bridging the digital divide.

The correct answer is 'will have jogged.'

Key Points

• The future perfect tense refers to a completed action in the future.
• When we use this tense we are projecting ourselves forward into the future and looking back at an action that will be completed sometime later than now.
• Structure of sentence in the Future Perfect Tense:
• Subject + will have + past participle of the main verb + Object.
• Example: He will have arrived.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.
  

Correct sentence: She will have jogged two miles before reaching the post office.

Hinglish

• Future perfect tense ​​भविष्य में एक पूर्ण क्रिया को संदर्भित करता है।
• जब हम इस काल का उपयोग करते हैं तो हम स्वयं को भविष्य में आगे की ओर प्रक्षेपित कर रहे होते हैं और पीछे मुड़कर एक ऐसी क्रिया की ओर देख रहे होते हैं जो अब से कुछ समय बाद पूरी होगी।
• Future perfect tense ​​में वाक्य की संरचना:
• Subject + will have + past participle of the main verb + Object.
• उदाहरण : He will have arrived.
• इस प्रकार, सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है।

The correct answer is Asiatic buffalo.

Key Points

• International Union for Conservation of Nature:
• IUCN is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organizations.
• Created in 1948, it is the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it.
• Julian Huxley is the founder of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
• It is headquartered in Switzerland.
• The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species.
• It uses a set of quantitative criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of species. These criteria are relevant to most species and all regions of the world.
• The IUCN Red List Categories define the extinction risk of species assessed. 
• Nine categories extend from NE (Not Evaluated) to EX (Extinct). Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), and Vulnerable (VU) species are considered to be threatened with extinction.
• It is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity.
• The first international red data books were published in 1966.
• ​International Union for Conservation of Nature is founded on 5th October 1948.
• Asiatic buffalo​
• The Asian buffalo, also known as the wild Asian buffalo and the Asiatic buffalo.
• It is a giant bovine that is indigenous to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
• Asia's tropical and subtropical jungles are home to water buffalo.
• Since they spend most of their time in the water, their comment is perfect.

Additional Information

• Lion-tailed macaque  
• The Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) is recognized as endangered species in India.
• It is endemic to the Western Ghats of South India.
• The hair of the lion-tailed macaque is black.

• Blue sheep
• ​Blue sheep is also called Bhara.
• Despite their name, blue sheep are neither blue nor sheep.
• It's scientific name is Pseudois nayaur.

• Gangetic Dolphin:
• The Gangetic river dolphins can only live in freshwater, are blind and catch their prey in a unique manner, using ultrasonic sound waves.
• They are distributed across seven states in India: Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
• Categorized as ‘Endangered’ on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List.

Shortcut Trick

Effective rate of interest for 2 years at 10% compounded annually = 10 + 10 + (10 × 10) ÷ 100 = 21%.

Total Amount = Principal + Interest = 100% + 21% = 121% of the Principal.

⇒ Amount = 121% × 9,000 = 1.21 × 9,000

⇒ Amount = ₹10,890.

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,890.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹9,000

Rate of interest (R) = 10% per annum

Time (n) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = P(1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ

Calculations:

⇒ A = 9000 × (1 + 10 ÷ 100)²

⇒ A = 9000 × (1 + 0.1)²

⇒ A = 9000 × (1.1)²

⇒ A = 9000 × 1.21

⇒ A = ₹10,890

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,890.

Additional Information

Compound Interest (CI) Formula

CI = Amount − Principal = P[(1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ − 1].

Effective Percentage Rate

For two successive growth rates of x% and y%, the total effective rate is [x + y + (x × y) ÷ 100]%.

Difference between CI and SI

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest for 2 years is given by P(R ÷ 100)².

सही विकल्प है - कर्मधारय।

• 'कृष्णसर्प' पद में कर्मधारय समास है।

Key Points 

• 'कृष्णसर्प' का समास विग्रह 'कृष्ण है जो सर्प।' होगा।
• यहाँ सर्प विशेष्य है और कृष्ण विशेषण है।
• जिस समास में प्रथम पद विशेषण या उपमान होता है तथा द्वितीय पद विशेष्य या उपमेय होता है, अर्थात विशेषण–विशेष्य तथा उपमान-उपमेय का सम्बन्ध रहता है उसे कर्मधारय समास कहते हैं।

​ Additional Information

• समास - दो या दो से अधिक शब्द से बने हुए नए शब्द को समास कहा जाता है।
• समास के 6 भेद होते है-

Explanation:

Diffraction of light cannot convert unpolarized light into polarized light.

Polarization is defined as a phenomenon caused due to the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation.

• Sunlight travels through the vacuum to reach the Earth, which is an example of an electromagnetic wave.
• These waves are called electromagnetic waves because they form when an electric field that interacts with a magnetic field.
• There are two types of waves that are transverse waves, and longitudinal waves.

Diffraction of light is the phenomenon of bending of light from the sharp corners of a slit or obstacle and spreading into the region of geometrical shadow.

• Diffraction can occur only when the wavelength of light is comparable to the size of the obstacle or width of the slit.
• Diffraction is of two types:

1. Fresnel Diffraction - It is the type of diffraction which occurs when the light source lies at a finite distance from the slit.
2. Fraunhofer Diffraction - It is the type of diffraction which occurs when a plane wavefront is incident on the slit and the wavefront emerging from the slit is also plane.

Additional Information 

Scattering of light: 

The incident in which light rays get deviated from its path when it strikes an obstacle like dust, water vapours, or gas molecules, etc.

Rayleigh's law of scattering: According to Rayleigh's law of scattering, the intensity of light of wavelength λ present in the scattered light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of λ, provided the size of the scattering particles is much smaller than λ. Mathematically,

(I \propto \frac{1}{\lambda })

Thus the scattered intensity is maximum for shorter wavelength.

Scattering of InfraRed light is less than visible light.

Reflection: 

The phenomena in which light ray is sent back into the same medium from which it is coming, on interaction with boundary, is called reflection

Laws of reflection:

The angle of incidence (θ i ) = Angle o  f reflection (θ r )

The incident ray, the reflected ray, and normal to the surface of incidence always lies in the same plane.

Double refraction is an optical property in which a single ray of unpolarized light entering an anisotropic medium is split into two rays, each traveling in a different direction.

Bleaching powder by its nature is an Oxidising agent.

• Stable bleaching powder is widely used as a disinfectant in water purification, as well as in the textile and pulp and paper industries.
• "Bleaching powder" is made by the action of chloride gas on calcium hydroxide.
• The reaction being essentially:
• 2Ca (OH)₂ + 2Cl₂ → Ca(OCl)₂ + CaCl₂ + 2H₂O.
• In the production of bleaching powder, slaked lime spread on the floors of large rectangular chambers of lead or concrete is exposed to chlorine gas.
• Bleaching powder, a solid combination of chlorine and slaked lime, was introduced in 1799 by Scottish chemist Charles Tennant.

The correct answer is 'Sullen'.

Key Points

• Morose means 'bad-tempered, and not saying much to other people (बुरे स्वभाव वाला, और दूसरे लोगों से ज्यादा कुछ नहीं कहना; चिड़चिड़ा, असौम्‍य और बात को अपने तक सीमित रखने वाला)'.
• ​Example: Week-long rain leaves crops damaged in Divar making farmers morose.
• Marked option 'Sullen' means 'looking bad-tempered and not wanting to speak to people (चिड़चिड़ा और उदासी भरा लोगों से बोलने का अनिच्‍छुक; खिन्‍न)'.
• Example: Kashmir to have a silent and sullen Eid after weeks of strife and violence.
• It is clear that Morose and 'Sullen' are nearly same in meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Communicative means willing and able to talk and share ideas, etc. (बातचीत या विचारों के आदान-प्रदान का इच्‍छुक व इसमें सक्षम).
• Cheerful means feeling or showing happiness (खुशी महसूस करना या दिखाना).
• Happy means feeling or showing pleasure; pleased (आनंद का अनुभव करने या उसे व्‍यक्त करने वाला; प्रसन्‍न, प्रफुल्‍ल).

The correct answer is less.

Key Points

• In normal conditions, the number of WBC in comparison to RBCs in the blood is less.
• The ratio of Red Blood Cells to White Blood Cells in the human body is 600:1.
• The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen to body cells.
• White blood cells provide an immune system that defends the body against infectious diseases and foreign materials.
• The WBC is in the range of 4500–11000 per microliter of blood while RBC is in the range of 4.7–6.1 million cells per microliter.

Additional Information

• White blood cells, also called leukocytes make up approximately one percent by volume of the cells in the blood.
• They are primarily involved in the immune response to identify and target pathogens, such as invading bacteria, viruses, and other foreign organisms.
• White blood cells are formed continually; some only live for hours or days, but some live for years.
• Leukocytes are further classified into two subcategories:
• Granulocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
• Agranulocytes consist of lymphocytes and monocytes.

Given:

(3^{(2x-10)} \times 81^{(2x-3)} = \frac{1}{9})

Formula Used:

81 = 3⁴

(\frac{1}{9} = 3^{-2})

Calculation:

(3^{(2x-10)} \times (3^4)^{(2x-3)} = 3^{-2})

(3^{(2x-10)} \times 3^{4(2x-3)} = 3^{-2})

(3^{(2x-10)} \times 3^{8x-12} = 3^{-2})

(3^{(2x-10 + 8x-12)} = 3^{-2})

(3^{10x-22} = 3^{-2})

10x - 22 = -2

10x - 22 + 22 = -2 + 22

10x = 20

x = 2

The correct answer is option 3.

विकल्प 2, "मैं बिलकुल निर्दोष हूँ।" में 'नि' उपसर्ग का गलत प्रयोग हुआ है।

Key Points

• निर्दोष का संधि विच्छेद होगा - नि: + दोष इसमें नि के साथ विसर्ग लगा हुआ है। अतः ये बाकी विकल्पों से अलग है।
• इसमें विसर्ग संधि है।
• अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण –
• निसंतान,  निवास, निबंध में केवल नि उपसर्ग का प्रयोग हुआ है।

Additional Information

• उपसर्ग वह शब्दांश या अव्यय है, जो किसी शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर उसके अर्थ में (मूल शब्द के अर्थ में) विशेषता ला दे या उसका अर्थ ही बदल दे। 
• जैसे- अभि + मान = अभिमान, प्र + चार = प्रचार आदि।
• विसर्ग संधि विसर्ग के साथ स्वर या व्यंजन मेल से जो विकार होता है उसे विसर्ग संधि कहते है। हम ऐसे भी कह सकते हैं- विसर्ग ( : ) के साथ जब किसी स्वर अथवा व्यंजन का मेल होता है तो उसे विसर्ग-संधि कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण:-
• अंतः + करण : अन्तकरण
• अंतः + गत : अंतर्गत
• अंतः + ध्यान : अंतर्ध्यान
• अंतः + राष्ट्रीय : अंतर्राष्ट्रीय।

'संकीर्ण' शब्‍द का उचित व‍िपरीतार्थक शब्‍द "विस्‍तीर्ण" है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• संकीर्ण का अर्थ- सँकरा, तंग
• विस्‍तीर्ण का अर्थ- विस्तृत, विशाल
• अत: संकीर्ण का व‍िलोम विस्‍तीर्ण है।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Important Points कुछ अन्‍य व‍िलोम शब्‍द- 

Additional Information 

Given:

Diameter of cylinder = 35 cm

Curved surface area = 3080 cm²

Formula used:

Radius = Diameter/2

Curved surface are of cylinder = 2πrh

Volume of cylinder = πr²h

where r = radius , h = height

Calculation: 

Diameter (d) = 35 cm

⇒ Radius = d/2

⇒ 35/2

 ⇒Radius = 17.5

Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh = 3080

⇒ 2 × 22/7 × 17.5 × h = 3080

⇒ h = 28 cm

Now Volume of cylinder = πr2h

⇒ 22/7 × (17.5)² × 28

⇒ 22 × 306.25 × 4

⇒ 26,950 cm³ 

∴ Volume of cylinder is 26,950 cm³.

The correct answer is Kirana.

Key Points

• Kirana Gharana
• It is one of the most prolific Indian classical Khyal Gharanas.
• Ustad Abdul Karim Khan started the Kirana Gharana.
• It belongs to Uttar Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Maihar Gharana
• It is a style of Indian classical music originating in the northern parts of India.
• It was formed by Allaudin Khan in the princely state of Maihar.
• Prominent Musicians belonging to this Gharana: Ravi Shankar, Nikhil Banerjee, Sharan Rani, etc.
• Gwalior Gharana
• It is one of the oldest Kyal Gharana in Indian Classical music.
• The Gwalior Gharana gayaki is lucid and simple. The Gharana was patronized by the Mughal emperor Akbar.
• Senia Gharana
• The word Senia is related to Tansen, the father of Indian Classical Music.
• The followers of Tansen's school of music are widely known as the followers of Senia Gharana.
• The style of this Gharana has its own specialty of having 17 frets on Sitar.

The one word for the given group of words 'One who collects stamps' is Philatelist.

Key Points

• ​We need to choose one word for the 'one who collects stamps'.
• Let us explore the meanings of all options :
• Numismatist is related to or consists of coins or medals.
• Narcissist is a person who has an excessive interest in or admiration of themselves.
• Philatelist is a person who studies or collects postage stamps.
• Collector is a person who collects things as a hobby or as part of his/her job.
• From the given meanings, it is clear that the one word for the given group of words 'One who collects stamps' is Philatelist.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

Concept:

Separation process: 

• It's the process of separating the constituent substances of a mixture by physical methods.

Explanation:

Commonly used separation methods:

Evaporation: 

• It's the process of vaporizing the solvent to obtain the solute.
• Example: Separation of salt from a solution by evaporating the water from the solution.

Filtration: 

• It's a process by which insoluble solids can be removed from a liquid by using filter paper.
• Example: A mixture of chalk powder and water can be separated by this method.

Chromatography: 

• It's a process for separating components of a mixture.
• It's used for separating colors in a dye, pigments from natural colors, and drugs from the blood.

Distillation: 

• This method is used for the separation of a mixture containing two miscible liquids.
• The process of conversion of a liquid into vapor by boiling, and then recondensing the vapor into liquid is called distillation.

'होनहार बिरवान के होत चीकने पात' - लोकोक्ति हेतु उचित अर्थ है - होनहार के लक्षण प्रारंभ से ही प्रकट होने लगते हैं।

• वाक्य प्रयोग - लाल बहादुर शास्त्री की सरलता और विद्वता बचपन में ही दिख गई थी। होनहार बिरवान के होत चिकने पात वाली कहावत उनसे चरितार्थ होते दिखती थी।

Important Pointsकुछ अन्य लोकोक्तियाँ व उनके अर्थ -

• जुत-जुत मरें बैलवा, बैठे खाय तुरंग - जब कोई कठिन परिश्रम करे और उसका आनंद दूसरा उठाए।
• डोली न कहार, बीबी हुई हैं तैयार - जब कोई बिना बुलाए कहीं जाने को तैयार हो।
• जो गुड़ खाय वही कान छिदावे - जो आनंद लेता हो वही परिश्रम भी करे और कष्ट भी उठावे।
• आग लागंते झोपड़ा, जो निकले सो लाभ - नुकसान होते समय जो बच जाए वही लाभ है।
• जिन ढूंढ़ा तिन पाइयाँ गहरे पानी पैठ - परिश्रम का फल अवश्य मिलता है।
• एक न शुद, दो शुद - एक विपत्ति तो है ही दूसरी और सही।
• छप्पर पर फूंस नहीं, ड्योढ़ी पर नाच - दिखावटी ठाट-बाट परंतु वास्तविकता में कुछ भी नहीं।
• कोयल होय न उजली, सौ मन साबुन लाई - कितना भी प्रयत्न किया जाये स्वभाव नहीं बदलता।
• टेर-टेर के रोवे, अपनी लाज खोवे - जो अपनी हानि की बात सबसे कहा करता है उसकी साख जाती रहती है।
• झड़बेरी के जंगल में बिल्ली शेर - छोटी जगह में छोटे आदमी बड़े समझे जाते हैं।

The correct answer is Literature and Education.

Key Points

• Kailash Chandra Pant, a resident of Bhopal, was recognized for his exceptional contributions in the field of Literature and Education.
• He was conferred with the Padma Shri, which is one of the highest civilian awards in India, in January 2026.
• The Padma Shri is awarded for distinguished contributions across various fields such as arts, education, literature, social work, public affairs, and science, among others.
• Kailash Chandra Pant's work in promoting education and his literary contributions have significantly impacted society, particularly in his local community and beyond.
• The award highlights the importance of Literature and Education in driving societal growth and preserving cultural heritage.

Additional Information

• Padma Awards:
• The Padma Awards are one of the highest civilian honors in India, instituted in 1954.
• They are awarded in three categories: Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and distinguished service), Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of high order), and Padma Shri (distinguished service).
• These awards are announced annually on the eve of Republic Day.
• Contribution of Literature and Education:
• Literature serves as a powerful tool for preserving and promoting cultural and historical heritage.
• It plays a pivotal role in shaping societal values, fostering creativity, and broadening perspectives.
• Education empowers individuals, helps in nation-building, and is a cornerstone for social and economic development.
• Significance of Recognizing Educators and Writers:
• Honoring contributors in education and literature motivates others to pursue these fields.
• It also emphasizes the value of intellectual and cultural contributions to society.
• Other Prominent Padma Shri Awardees in Literature:
• Notable figures such as Ruskin Bond and R.K. Narayan have also been recipients of the Padma Shri for their literary work.
• These personalities have made significant contributions to Indian literature, inspiring generations of readers and writers.

Important Points

• The Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in India and is awarded for distinguished achievements in various fields.
• Recipients of the award are selected based on their significant contributions and impact in their respective domains.
• Literature and Education are crucial fields that contribute to intellectual and cultural growth, making them deserving of recognition.
• The award not only honors the individual but also brings attention to the importance of their work in society.

Let's assume that the original fraction is x/y.

According to the question,

If the numerator of the fraction is increased by 25%, it becomes 1.25x.

Similarly, if the denominator is doubled, it becomes 2y.

So, the new fraction can be written as (1.25x)/(2y).

The problem also states that this new fraction is equal to 5/17.

Therefore, we can write:

(1.25x)/(2y) = 5/17

Cross-multiplying, we get:

17 * 1.25x = 5 * 2y

21.25 x = 10 y

x/y = 8/17

Hence, the correct answer is "8/17".

सत्यव्रत' पद में समास है :- उक्त सभी

Key Points

• सत्यव्रत शब्द के कई विग्रह हो सकते हैं।

जैसे-

• सत्य और व्रत = द्वंद्व
• सत्य के लिए व्रत = तत्पुरुष
• सत्य है व्रत जिसका = बहुव्रीहि​

Additional Information

• समास - दो या दो से अधिक शब्द से बने हुए नए शब्द को समास कहा जाता है।

समास के 6 भेद होते है-

The correct answer is 'If'.

Key Points        

• If means (introducing a conditional clause) on the condition or supposition that; in the event that.
• ​For example: I will go there even if it rains.
• In the given sentence, first form of the conditional sentence is used.
• Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
• Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional clause (often referred to as the if-clause) and the consequence.
• First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the outcome is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in the future. 
• Structure: If clause + simple present tense, simple future tense in main clause.
• ​For example: If you rest, you will feel better.
• By referring to the above explanation and the context of the given sentence, it can be concluded that if is the appropriate option to be chosen for filling the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Given:

A : B = 5 : 3

B : C = 11 : 10

C : D = 5 : 6

Calculations:

We can write these ration in fractions as

A/B = 5/3      ----(1)

B/C = 11/10      ----(2)

C/D = 5/6      ----(3)

Multiplying numerator and denominator of equation (3) by 6 we get,

⇒ C/D = 30/36

Multiplying numerator and denominator of equation (2) by 3 we get,

⇒ B/C = 33/30      

Multiplying numerator and denominator of equation (1) by 11 we get,

⇒ A/B = 55/33

So, we can write it in the form

A : B : C : D = 55 : 33 : 30 : 36

∴ The ratio of A : B : C : D is 55 : 33 : 30 : 36

Shortcut Trick

To understand this shortcut remember you need to make the left-hand side and all missing numbers the same as that of the last given numbers and for the right-hand side the same is done

∴ The ratio of A : B : C : D is 55 : 33 : 30 : 36

The correct answer is New Delhi.

In News

• The "Global IndiaAI Summit 2024" was held in New Delhi on July 3rd and 4th, showcasing India's commitment to responsible AI development.

Key Points

• India, as the Lead Chair of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), will host member countries and experts to promote safe, secure, and trustworthy AI.
• Key themes of the summit include Compute Capacity, Foundational Models, Datasets, Application Development, Future Skills, Startup Financing, and Safe and Trusted AI.
• The event will feature international AI experts discussing critical AI issues and fostering collaboration across sectors.
• The summit aims to position India as a global leader in AI innovation and ensure that AI benefits contribute to socio-economic development.

ढाक के तीन पात, मुहावरे का अर्थ - 'सदैव एक-सी स्थिति' के लिए उपयुक्त है।

Key Points

• 'ढाक के तीन पात' मुहावरे का सही अर्थ है: 'सदैव एक-सी स्थिति' हैं।
• विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग-  राहुल पढ़ाई नियमित रूप से नहीं करता, इसलिए परीक्षा में उसके अंक ढाक के तीन पात ही रहते है।
• ‘मुहावरा’ शब्द अरबी भाषा का है जिसका अर्थ है ‘अभ्यास होना’।
• मुहावरे वाक्यांशों का एक ऐसा समूह है जिसका अर्थ शाब्दिक अर्थ से भिन्न होता है।
• कई लोगों को हम मुहावरे के रूप में अपनी बात कहते हुए देखते हैं तो इनका अर्थ समझ आता है।
• मुहावरा एक वाक्यांश या अभिव्यक्ति भी है।
• उदाहरण-  मुहावरा- डंका बजाना अर्थ- प्रभाव जमाना ।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Informationमुहावरे के अन्य उदाहरण-

The correct answer is 'v/u'.

Key Points

• The ratio of the image's height to the object's height is used to define the magnification a lens produces. It is represented by the letter m.
• If h is the height of the object and h′ is the height of the image given by a lens, then the magnification produced by the lens is given by,
• m= ({\text{Height of the image} \over \text{Height of the object}​}={ h' \over h}​ )
• The object distance 'u' and the image distance ′v′ are also related to the magnification produced by a lens.
• This relationship is given by:
• Magnification (m)= ({h'\over h}​ = { v \over u​})

Additional Information

• The term "magnification" refers to the lens's capacity to increase an object's size.
• Positive lens magnification occurs when the height of the image the lens produces exceeds the height of the object.
• The image's magnification is negative if the image's height is smaller than the height of the object.

“बतरस लालच लाल की, मुरली धरी लुकाय। सौंह करे भौंहनि हँसे, देन कहे नटि जाय।।” इन पंक्तियों में शृंगार रस है।

श्रृंगार रस-

• नायक और नायिका के मन में संस्कार रूप में स्थित रति या प्रेम जब रस कि अवस्था में पहुँच जाता है तो वह श्रृंगार रस कहलाता है।
• इसके अंतर्गत सौन्दर्य, प्रकृति, सुन्दर वन, वसंत ऋतु, पक्षियों का चहचहाना आदि के बारे में वर्णन किया जाता है।
• इसके दो भेद है-
• संयोग श्रृंगार रस
• वियोग श्रृंगार रस

Key Points“बतरस लालच लाल की, मुरली धरी लुकाय। सौंह करे भौंहनि हँसे, देन कहे नटि जाय।।”

• पंक्तियों का अर्थ है-
• गोपियाँ अपने परम प्रिय कृष्ण से बातें करने का अवसर खोजती रहती हैं।
• इसी बतरस (बातों के आनंद) को पाने के प्रयास में उन्होंने कृष्ण की वंशी को छिपा दिया है।
• कृष्ण वंशी के खो जाने पर बड़े व्याकुल हैं।
• वे गोपियों से वंशी के बारे में पूछते हैं तो गोपियाँ (झूठी) सौगंध खाकर कहती हैं कि उन्हें वंशी के बारे में कुछ पता नहीं।
• साथ ही वे भौंहों के संकेतों में मुसकराती भी जाती हैं कृष्ण को लगता है कि वंशी इन्हीं के पास है।
• किन्तु जब वह वंशी लौटाने को कहते हैं तो गोपियाँ साफ मना कर देती हैं।
• यह दोहा बिहारी द्वारा रचित है।

Important Pointsबिहारी-

• **जन्म-**1595-1663 ई.
• रचना - सतसई
• दोहा छंद में रचित मुक्तक काव्य।
• 719 दोहों में रचना का वर्णन।

Additional Informationवीर रस-

• जब किसी रचना या वाक्य आदि से वीरता का अनुभव होता है,वहाँ वीर रस होता है।
• इसका स्थायी भाव उत्साह है।
• उदाहरण-
• बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी,खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।

करुण रस-

• किसी अपने के विनाश या उससे हमेशा के लिए बिछड़ने के भाव से उत्त्पन होने वाला दुःख,पीड़ा करुण रस कहलाता है।
• उदाहरण-
• राम राम कही राम कहि राम राम कहि राम ।
  

तनु परिहरि रघुबर बिरह राउ गयऊ सुरधाम ।।

हास्य रस-

• किसी पदार्थ या व्यक्ति की असाधारण आकृति,वेशभूषा,चेष्टा आदि को देखकर हृदय में जो विनोद का भाव जाग्रत होता है,उसे हास कहा जाता है।
• यही हास जब विभाव,अनुभाव तथा संचारी भावों से पुष्ट हो जाता है तो उसे ‘हास्य रस’ कहते है।
• हास्य रस का स्थायी भाव हास है।
• उदाहरण-
• “नाना वाहन नाना वेषा। विंहसे सिव समाज निज देखा॥
  

कोउ मुखहीन, बिपुल मुख काहू बिन पद कर कोड बहु पदबाहू॥’

• A calorimeter is used to measure the enthalpy, the heat energy, of a reaction.
• A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature. It usually consists of a narrow glass tube containing a thin column of a liquid which rises and falls as the temperature rises and falls.
• A pyrometer is an apparatus for measuring high temperatures that uses the radiation emitted by a hot body as a basis for measurement.
• A thermocouple is a device for measuring temperature consisting of a pair of wires of different metals or semiconductors joined at both ends. One junction is at the temperature to be measured, the second at a fixed temperature. The electromotive force generated depends upon the temperature difference

The correct answer is Amritsar.

Key Points

• National Highway 1 (NH 1), traditionally known as the Grand Trunk Road, runs from Delhi to Amritsar.
• This major highway has been historically significant as it connects the national capital with the important city of Amritsar in Punjab.
• It serves as a major route for commerce and connectivity between the northern states of India.

Additional Information

• Jammu- While Jammu and Kashmir are connected by NH 1A and NH 1D, National Highway 1 itself terminates at Atari.
• Srinagar- Similar to Jammu, Srinagar is connected by different branches of NH 1 (NH 1A), but not directly on the main NH 1 route.
• Calcutta- Calcutta (now Kolkata) is located in the eastern part of India and is not connected by NH1. NH1 primarily runs in the northern part of the country, making this option incorrect.

The correct answer is '​(C).'

Key Points

• The error lies in part (C) of the sentence.
• Here, will not is an incorrect construction that is incompatible with the rest of the sentence.
• The first part of the sentence is in the Past Tense, therefore the second part of the sentence must be in the Past Tense.
• Hence, 'would not' is the correct construction.
• Thus, the correct answer is '​(C).'
• ​Correct sentence: Raghav wanted to pursue higher studies but his father would not allow him.

Additional Information 

• The past indefinite tense, also known as simple past tense, is used to indicate a finished or completed action/task that occurred/happened at a specific point in time in the past. 
• Structure: Subject + verb in the past form + . . . . . + adverb of time + . . . . .
• Example: I ate a mango a few minutes ago.

Hinglish

• त्रुटि भाग part (C) में निहित है।​
• यहाँ, will not एक गलत रचना है जो शेष वाक्य के साथ असंगत है।
• वाक्य का पहला भाग Past Tense में है, इसलिए वाक्य का दूसरा भाग Past Tense में होना चाहिए।
• इसलिए, 'would not' सही रचना है।​

The erroneous part of the sentence is: the efficient electrician

Key Points

• Replace "the" with "an" to correct the sentence.
• The definite article (the) is used to refer to specific or particular nouns.
• The indefinite article (an) is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. It is used to talk about general things/persons.
• In the given sentence, there is no specific electrician mentioned, the speaker is saying that they just need an efficient electrician who can fix the problem.
• The word "efficient" also starts with a vowel sound "e", so, "an" should be used.

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Corrected sentence: We require an efficient electrician for changing the wiring of our house.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Remove waste matter from the embryo and provide nutrition to the embryo.

• The placenta is the highly specialised organ of pregnancy that supports the normal growth and development of the fetus.
• The placenta is a fetal organ made up of its parenchyma,  chorion,  amnion,  and umbilical cord.
• There are 3 main functions of placenta tissue.
• Attach the fetus to the uterine wall
• Provide nutrients to the embryo

Remove waste matter from the embry

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. 'bizzare'.

Apart from the word 'Bizzare', the other words are correctly spelt.

The correct spelling of the word 'Bizzare' is 'Bizarre'.

Let us look at the meaning of the given words:

• Colleague : a person with whom one works in a profession or business
• Conscious : aware of and responding to one's surroundings
• Usually : under normal conditions; generally
• Bizarre : very strange or unusual

Here the correct answer is Pursue a course of action that will most likely be futile.

Key Points

• The idiom "Barking up the wrong tree" means to make a mistake or to be mistaken about something, especially when accusing or blaming someone.
• It implies that someone is directing their efforts in the wrong direction and will not achieve the desired result.
• For example:
• If you think I stole your wallet, you're barking up the wrong tree. I was in a meeting when it went missing.
• Tom thought he could win the game by attacking the weakest player, but he was barking up the wrong tree.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• The word "futile" means ineffective, useless, or having no practical value. It describes a situation or action that is pointless and unlikely to succeed.
• Example sentence: Despite his efforts to repair the old car, it was a futile attempt as the vehicle was beyond repair.

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = (Capital_A × Time_A) : (Capital_B × Time_B)

Ratio = (75 × 12) : (80 × 7) = 900 : 560 = 45 : 28

Total Ratio = 45 + 28 = 73 units

73 units = ₹4,08,800 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹5,600

A’s share = 45 × 5,600 = ₹2,52,000

B’s share = 28 × 5,600 = ₹1,56,800

∴ The correct answer is ₹2,52,000 and ₹1,56,800.

Alternate Method

Given:

Investment of A = ₹75,000

Investment of B = ₹80,000

Time period of A = 12 months

Time period of B = 12 − 5 = 7 months

Total Profit = ₹4,08,800

Formula Used:

Profit Ratio = (Investment₁ × Time₁) : (Investment₂ × Time₂)

Partner A ₹75,000 × 12 m

Partner B ₹80,000 × 7 m

Ratio = 45 : 28

Calculations:

⇒ Profit share of A : Profit share of B = (75,000 × 12) : (80,000 × 7)

⇒ Ratio = 9,00,000 : 5,60,000

⇒ Ratio = 90 : 56 = 45 : 28

⇒ Total profit units = 45 + 28 = 73

⇒ Share of A = (45 ÷ 73) × 4,08,800

⇒ Share of A = 45 × 5,600 = ₹2,52,000

⇒ Share of B = (28 ÷ 73) × 4,08,800

⇒ Share of B = 28 × 5,600 = ₹1,56,800

∴ The correct answer is ₹2,52,000 and ₹1,56,800.

Additional Information

Partnership Profit Distribution

Profit is always distributed in the ratio of the product of Capital and Time (P = C × T).

Active vs Sleeping Partner

An active partner manages the business and may receive a salary before the remaining profit is shared according to the investment ratio.

Variable Investment

If investment changes during the period, use the sum of (Investment × Duration) for each interval: (C₁t₁ + C₂t₂ + ...).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Expenditure to Savings = 3 : 1 (since 200% more means 1 + 2 = 3 parts).

Using weighted average for Income change: [(3 × −6%) + (1 × 26%)] ÷ (3 + 1)

Net Change = (−18% + 26%) ÷ 4 = 8% ÷ 4 = 2%.

In decimal form, 2% = 2 ÷ 100 = 0.02.

∴ The correct answer is 0.02.

Alternate Method

Given:

Expenditure of Sudha = Savings + 200% of Savings

Expenditure decrease = 6% | Savings increase = 26%

Formula: Income = Expenditure + Savings

⇒ Let Savings = 100

⇒ Expenditure = 100 + 200 = 300

⇒ Total Income = 300 + 100 = 400

⇒ New Expenditure = 300 − (6% of 300) = 300 − 18 = 282

⇒ New Savings = 100 + (26% of 100) = 100 + 26 = 126

⇒ New Income = 282 + 126 = 408

⇒ Increase in Income = 408 − 400 = 8

⇒ Percentage Increase = (8 ÷ 400) × 100 = 2%

⇒ Decimal representation = 2 ÷ 100 = 0.02

∴ The correct answer is 0.02.

Additional Information

Income Expenditure Relation

Total Income is always the sum of Expenditure and Savings (Income = E + S).

Weighted Average Method

When a total value is composed of multiple parts, the overall percentage change is the sum of (part ratio × part change) divided by the total ratio.

Percentage Change Formula

Percentage Change = [(Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value] × 100.

Shortcut Trick

The difference between the last and first number is directly proportional to the difference in the averages of their respective groups.

Last Number − First Number = Number of terms × (Average of last group − Average of first group)

19 − First Number = 3 × (16 − 15)

19 − First Number = 3

First Number = 19 − 3 = 16

∴ The correct answer is 16.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average of the first three numbers = 15

Average of the last three numbers = 16

The last number = 19

Sum = 15 × 3 = 45

a

b + c

b + c

d = 19

Sum = 16 × 3 = 48

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

Calculations:

Let the four numbers in sequence be a, b, c, and d.

Sum of the first three numbers (a + b + c):

⇒ a + b + c = 15 × 3 = 45     --- (Equation 1)

Sum of the last three numbers (b + c + d):

⇒ b + c + d = 16 × 3 = 48     --- (Equation 2)

Subtracting Equation 1 from Equation 2 to eliminate the common terms (b + c):

⇒ (b + c + d) − (a + b + c) = 48 − 45

⇒ d − a = 3

We are given that the last number (d) is 19. Substituting this value into the equation:

⇒ 19 − a = 3

⇒ a = 19 − 3

⇒ a = 16

∴ The correct answer is 16.

Additional Information

Basic Average Formula

The average of a set of numbers is calculated by dividing the sum of all observations by the total number of observations.

Overlapping Averages Rule

If the sum of a sequence is calculated in overlapping parts, the difference between the sums of the parts equals the difference between the non-overlapping extreme terms.

Effect of Change on Average

If every observation in a dataset is increased or decreased by a constant value 'k', the new average of the dataset also increases or decreases by exactly 'k'.

Let 137 be x

& 133 be y

(\begin{array}{l} \therefore ;;\frac{{137 \times 137 + 137 \times 133 + 133 \times 133}}{{137 \times 137 \times 137 - 133 \times 133 \times 133}}\ = ;\frac{{a \times a + a \times b + b \times b}}{{a \times a \times a - b \times b \times b}}\ = ;\frac{{{a^2} + ab + {b^2}}}{{{a^3} - {b^3}}}\ = ;\frac{{{a^2} + ab + {b^2}}}{{\left( {a - b} \right)\left( {{a^2} + ab + {b^2}} \right)}}\ = ;\frac{1}{{a - b}}\ = ;\frac{1}{{137 - 133}} \end{array})

=  1/4

'आँख का अंधा नाम नयनसुख' मुहावरे का अर्थ है -'नाम के विपरीत आचरण होना'।

अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है। 

Key Points 

• 'आँख का अँधा नाम नयनसुख ' का अर्थ 'नाम के विपरीत आचरण होना' है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- हमारे पड़ोसी का नाम तो करोड़ीमल है परन्तु पाई-पाई के मोहताज हैं,
• इसे ही आँख का अँधा नाम नयनसुख कहा जाता है।
• मुहावरे- मूहावरा अरबी भाषा का शब्द है, जिसका अर्थ है- बातचीत करना या उत्तर देना।
• जब कोई वाक्यांश अपने सामान्य अर्थ को छोड़कर विशेष अर्थ में रूढ़ हो जाता है, उसे मुहावरा कहते है।
• अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information

• 'लोकोक्ति’ शब्द ‘लोक + उक्ति’ शब्दों से मिलकर बना है जिसका अर्थ है- लोक में प्रचलित उक्ति या कथन’।
• जब कोई पूरा कथन किसी प्रसंग विशेष में उद्धत किया जाता है तो लोकोक्ति कहलाता है।
• लोकोक्ति को कहावत भी कहते है।

Given:

A sum of money doubles itself in 7 years at simple interest.

Concept used:

S.I = (P × T × R)/100

Calculation:

According to the question,

P = (P × 7 × R)/100

⇒ 1 = 7R/100

⇒ R = 100/7

Now,

4P = (P × T × 100)/(7 × 100)

⇒ 28P = PT

⇒ 28 = T

So, time = 28 years

∴ The required answer is 28 years.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. To do something carefully.

Key Points

• The idiom "Dot the I's and cross the T's" means to pay attention to every small detail in a task. (हर छोटे से छोटे विवरण पर ध्यान देना)
• Example: Before submitting the report, make sure to dot the I's and cross the T's.
• "To do something carefully" refers to performing a task with great precision and attention to detail. (सावधानीपूर्वक कुछ करना)
• Example: She always does her homework carefully to avoid any mistakes.

Therefore, the correct answer is: To do something carefully.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• To make a bad situation worse (खराब स्थिति को और खराब करना): To take actions that exacerbate an already negative situation.
• Example: His careless remarks only made a bad situation worse.
• To have no standard of beauty (सौंदर्य का कोई मानक नहीं होना): To not adhere to conventional standards of beauty.
• Example: Art is subjective, and sometimes it seems to have no standard of beauty.
• To complain about something (किसी चीज के बारे में शिकायत करना): To express dissatisfaction or annoyance about something.
• Example: She tends to complain about the smallest inconveniences.

'दिनकर' का पर्यायवाची है- सूर्य

सूर्य के अन्य पर्यायवाची-  मार्तण्ड, सूरज, पतंग, रवि, अंशुमाली, भास्कर, दिनकर, आदित्य, मरीची, तरणि, दिनकर, भानु, सविता, दिवाकर, प्रभाकर, आदित्य, हंस, अर्क, दिनेश आदि। 

Key Points अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information

• पर्यायवाची- ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

The correct answer Neuron.

 Key Points

1. The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell or neuron. The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons.
2. Neurons, or nerve cells, are the main structural and functional units of the nervous system.
3. Every neuron consists of a body (soma) and a number of processes (neurites).
4. The nervous system determines that it is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

Important Points

1. The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body.
2. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory.

• Together with the endocrine system, the nervous system is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis
• A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the brain.
• The longest cell in the human body is the neuron.
• The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body.
• Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.

Additional Information

1. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances.
2. To generate and transmit nerve impulses, support the neurons; may serve a nutritive function and help regulate the chemical environment of the neuron.
3. The nervous system produces a response on the basis of the stimuli perceived by sensory structures.

The correct answer is  Vinoba Bhave.

Key Points 

• Vinoba Bhave:
• ​He was the first Indian who won the Ramon Magsaysay Award.
• Human rights activist Vinoba Bhave was among the first five individuals to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in its year of inception in 1958.

Additional Information 

• The Ramon Magsaysay Award:
• It was established in 1957 and is considered Asia's premier prize and highest honour.
• It is named after Ramon Magsaysay, the third president of the Republic of the Philippines.
• Recognises and honours individuals and organizations in Asia, regardless of race, creed, gender, or nationality, who have achieved distinction and have helped others generously without aiming for public recognition.
• Till 2009, awards were traditionally given in five categories:
• Government service; public service; community leadership; journalism, literature, and creative communication arts; and peace and international understanding.
• Indian winners on the list:
• Prominent Indians who have won the award include Vinoba Bhave in 1958,
• Mother Teresa in 1962,
• Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay in 1966,
• Satyajit Ray in 1967,
• Mahasweta Devi in 1997.
• Arvind Kejriwal (2006)
• Anshu Gupta of Goonj (2015)
• human rights activist Bezwada Wilson (2016),
• journalist Ravish Kumar (2019) has won the award.

Given:

The number is divivible by 2, 5 and 10

Concept used:

Number must be divisible by LCM of the numbers

Calculation:

Lcm of 2,5 and 10

⇒ LCM = 10

Number must have a zero at the end to be divisble by 10

So, Option 4 is divisible by 2,5 and 10

∴ 19400 is divisible by 2, 5 and 10.

Shortcut Trick Number which is divided by 10 should have 0 at its unit digit. And out of all the question we have one such option available.

'अथ' शब्‍द का विपरीतार्थक शब्‍द इति है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• अथ का अर्थ-  आरम्भ तथा मंगलसूचक शब्द।
• इति का अर्थ- समाप्तिसूचक।
• अत: अथ का व‍िलोम इति होगा।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

Important Points कुछ अन्‍य व‍िलोम शब्‍द- 

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Kanha Tiger Reserve.

Key Points

• Kanha Tiger Reserve, located in Madhya Pradesh, is one of the most renowned tiger reserves in India. It is particularly famous for its conservation initiatives and biodiversity.
• The "Ghost Tree" conservation festival, held in February 2026, aimed to raise awareness about the significance of the Kullu Tree (commonly referred to as the "Ghost Tree"), which is a unique species found in this region.
• The Kullu Tree is known for its striking white bark, which stands out prominently in the forest landscape, especially under moonlight, giving it the name "Ghost Tree."
• The festival included activities such as environmental education sessions, tree plantation drives, and discussions about biodiversity conservation.
• This initiative highlights the importance of sustainable environmental practices and the role of tiger reserves like Kanha in preserving endangered flora and fauna.

Additional Information

• Kanha Tiger Reserve:
• It is located in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh.
• It was declared a national park in 1955 and later became part of the Project Tiger initiative in 1973.
• The reserve is known for its significant population of Royal Bengal Tigers, leopards, sloth bears, and Indian wild dogs.
• Barasingha (Swamp deer) is famously referred to as the "Jewel of Kanha" due to successful conservation efforts.
• The reserve spans an area of approximately 940 square kilometers, with a buffer zone of 1,067 square kilometers.
• Ghost Tree (Kullu Tree):
• Its scientific name is Steculia urens.
• The tree is found in dry, deciduous forests and is known for its white bark that peels off in layers.
• It is primarily used for producing gum and has medicinal applications in traditional practices.
• The tree plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by providing habitat and resources for insects and birds.
• Other Tiger Reserves in Madhya Pradesh:
• Pench Tiger Reserve: Famous for being the inspiration behind Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.
• Panna Tiger Reserve: Known for its successful tiger reintroduction program after losing its tiger population.
• Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve: Known for its high density of tigers and historical Bandhavgarh Fort.
• Satpura Tiger Reserve: Recognized for its unique landscape and diversity of flora and fauna.

Important Points

• Conservation Significance:
• Events like the "Ghost Tree" conservation festival help promote awareness about the importance of preserving unique tree species for ecological balance.
• Such festivals also involve local communities, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility toward the environment.
• Project Tiger:
• Initiated in 1973 by the Government of India, Project Tiger aims to protect tigers and their habitats.
• Madhya Pradesh, often referred to as the "Tiger State of India", has the highest number of tigers in the country according to the latest tiger census.

The correct answer is - "C".

Key Points

• By reading the given points, we get a sense that Point A and Point B have some connection.
• Using public transport can be a solution of pollution.
• Point C does not make sense with any of the given points as it talk about financial management So it can be easily eliminated.
• Point D can be connect like personalizing comforts means own car, or vehicle makes pollution that resulted in to many problems and public transport is an alternative of the pollution.

 So the correct option is Option 3

The Correct Answer is Option 4, i.e. The electrical energy is converted into heat energy.

CONCEPT:

• Conservation of energy: The Law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains conserved (constant), that is, it can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another.
• One of the most common examples of the Law of Conservation of Energy is: water is stored at a height with some potential energy, when the water starts flowing downward then its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
• An electric Iron is a heat and pressure combination that eliminates wrinkles.
• The electric iron theory is that as the current passes through a coil, the coil gets red hot and transfers the heat by conduction to the electric iron base plate

EXPLANATION:

• In an electric iron, we provide an electric current that is converted into heat energy. So option 4 is correct.

Additional Information

Given:

The sum of the present ages of father and son is 60 years.

Five years ago, the age of the father was four times that of the son.

Calculation:

Let the present of the father and son be P and Q respectively.

According to the question,

P + Q = 60

⇒ P = 60 - Q      ....(1)

(P - 5) = 4 × (Q - 5)

⇒ 60 - Q - 5 = 4Q - 20 (From 1)

⇒ 5Q = 55 + 20

⇒ Q = 75/5

⇒ Q = 15

∴ The present age of the son is 15 years.

सही उत्तर तद्भव शब्द है। 

Key Points

• सच एक तद्भव शब्द है, इसका तत्सम शब्द सत्य होगा।
• तद्भव का शाब्दिक अर्थ है– उससे बने (तत् + भव = उससे उत्पन्न), अर्थात जो उससे (संस्कृत से) उत्पन्न हुए हैं।
• तत्सम शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं।

Additional Information

तत्सम-तद्भव शब्दों से जुड़े कुछ तथ्य-

1. तत्सम शब्दों के पीछे ‘क्ष‘ वर्ण का प्रयोग होता है और तद्भव शब्दों के पीछे ‘ख‘ या ‘छ‘ शब्द का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –अक्षर  = अक्छर,आखर, पक्षी = पंछी
2. तत्सम शब्दों में ‘र‘ की मात्रा का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –अमृत = अमीर आम्र = आम
3. तत्सम शब्दों में ‘ऋ’ की मात्रा का उपयोग होता है। 

4.तत्सम शब्दों में ‘श्र’ का प्रयोग होता है और तद्भव शब्दों में ‘स‘ का प्रयोग हो जाता है। जैसे – धन्नश्रेष्ठी = धन्नासेठी

5.तत्सम शब्दों में ‘व‘ का प्रयोग होता है और तद्भव शब्दों में ‘ब’ का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे – वन = बन

6.तत्सम शब्दों में ‘ष’ वर्ण का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे – कृषक = किसान

7.तत्सम शब्दों में ‘श’ का प्रयोग होता है और तद्भव शब्दों में ‘स’ का प्रयोग हो जाता है। जैसे – दिपशलाका = दिया सलाई

Given:

By selling an article for Rs.770, a woman incurred a loss of 23%.

Formula used:

Selling Price = (100% + Profit%) × Cost Price

Selling Price = (100% - Loss%) × Cost Price

Calculation:

According to the question,

First case:

By selling an article for Rs.770, a woman incurred a loss of 23%.

⇒ 770 = (100% - 23%) of C.P

⇒ 770 = 77% of C.P

⇒ C.P = Rs. 1000

Second case:

Selling price S.P so that she makes a profit of 27%.

⇒ S.P = (100% + 27%) of 1000

⇒ S.P = (127%) of 1000

⇒ S.P = Rs. 1270

Therefore, "Rs. 1270" is the required answer.

The correct answer is Alkanes.

Key Points

• Alkanes group was given the name ‘paraffin’.
• Paraffins, also known as alkanes, are saturated compounds that have the general formula CnH_2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
• The simplest alkane is methane (CH₄), which is also represented as C₁.
• Alkanes are called paraffin because they have a little affinity towards a general reagent. In other words, alkanes are inert substances.
• Paraffin wax was first produced commercially in 1867, less than 10 years after the first petroleum well was drilled.

Additional Information

• In organic chemistry, an aldehyde is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O.
• The common names of aldehydes are taken from the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and so on
• Alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom.
• OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group.
• The word acid is derived from the Latin acidus/acēre, meaning 'sour'.
• There are two basic types of acids organic and inorganic acids. Inorganic acids are sometimes referred to as mineral acids.

घबराहट में प्रयुक्त प्रत्यय है आहट । 

Key Points

• आहट यहाँ सही विकल्प है, अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।
• घबराहट में पीछे आहट प्रत्यय लग रहा है।
• अत: सही विकल्प आहट ही होगा।

Additional Information

• प्रत्यय - वे शब्द जो किसी शब्द के पीछे लगकर उसका सार्थक अर्थ बना देते है, प्रत्यय कहलाते है।
• जैसे- घबरा + आहट = घबराहट
• समाज + इक = सामजिक

Given:

The perimeter of a circle is P. 

Formula used:

The perimeter of a circle = 2πr

Calculation:

The perimeter of a circle = 2πr = P

⇒ r = P/2π 

According to the question,

Radius = 2r

Now, 

The new perimeter = 2π × 2r

⇒ 2π × 2 × P/2π 

⇒ 2P

∴ The new perimeter will be 2P.

Correct option is 2 which is N_2.

• A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter designation of an element.
• Some examples of chemical symbols are O for oxygen, Zn for zinc, and Fe for iron. The first letter of a symbol is always capitalized.
• If the symbol contains two letters, the second letter is lowercase.

Explanation:

• The chemical formula of Nitrogen is N but Nitrogen exists in a molecule of two ions hence the chemical symbol of Nitrogen gas is written as N₂.
• The symbol of nitrogen is only N. N₂ is the formula of the nitrogen molecule, which has two atoms of nitrogen in it. The nitrogen gas exists only as N₂ molecules in free state.

• The chemical formula for nitrogen gas is N₂.
• Nitrogen gas is one of the diatomic elements, in which one molecule consists of two atoms of the same element bonded by one or more covalent bonds. In the case of N₂, the two nitrogen atoms are bonded by a triple covalent bond.
• One of the diatomic elements is nitrogen gas, which is made up of two atoms of the same element joined by one or more covalent bonds.
  

 Two atoms of the element join together at ordinary temperature and pressure to generate dinitrogen, a colourless and odourless diatomic gas with the formula N₂.

The correct answer is Gold.

Key Points

• Metals are lustrous, elastic, and malleable.
• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
• Tensile is the ability of a metal to be drawn in wire form.
• Gold is the most ductile metal.
• A wire of about 2 km in length can be drawn from one gram of Gold.
• The metal which is neither ductile nor malleable is zinc.
• Mercury and gallium are found in a liquid state at room temperature.
• Silver is the most conductive metal.

Given:

The average weight of 21 workers is 45 kg

If weight of the manager is included, the average increases by 3 kg

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of all Observations/Number of Observations

Calculation:

Sum of weights of workers = 45 × 21 = 945 kg

Let the weight of the manager be x kg

According to the question,

45 + 3 = (945 + x)/22

⇒ 48 × 22 = 945 + x

⇒ x = 1056 - 945 = 111

∴ The weight of the manager is 111 kg.

Shortcut TrickLet the weight of manager = N

N = Old average + Increased average × No. of persons(including the new member)

⇒ N = 45 + 3 × 22 = 45 + 66 = 111 kg

∴ The weight of the manager is 111 kg.

The correct answer is- '(A).'

Key Points

• The error lies in Part (A) of the sentence.
• Countable nouns, as the term suggests, refer to things that can be counted.
• They have singular and plural forms.
• Example: table, tables; month, months; pen, pens, etc.
• Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
• They have a singular form and do not have a plural form.
• Example: dirt, rice, information, furniture, charity, hair, etc.
• Therefore, the use of 'Charity begin' should be replaced by 'Charity begins' to make it grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is '(A).'
• Correct sentence: Charity begins at home, but should not end there.

Additional Information 

• Countable nouns, as the term suggests, refer to things that can be counted.
• They have singular and plural forms.
• Example: table, tables; month, months; pen, pens.
• Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
• They have a singular form and do not have a plural form.
• Example: dirt, rice, information, furniture, and hair.

 Hinglish 

• त्रुटि वाक्य के Part (A) में है।
• Countable nouns, जैसा कि शब्द से पता चलता है, उन चीजों को संदर्भित करती हैं जिन्हें गिना जा सकता है।
• उनके singular और plural रूप हैं।
• Example: table, tables; month, months; pen, pens, etc.
• Uncountable nouns की गणना नहीं की जा सकती।
• उनका singular रूप है और plural रूप नहीं है।
• Example: dirt, rice, information, furniture, charity, hair, etc.
• इसलिए वाक्य में  'Charity begin' के प्रयोग को 'Charity begins' से बदल देना चाहिए ताकि वह व्याकरण की दृष्टि से सही हो।​

Detailed Video Concept

A lever is a rigid rod which rotates about a fixed point called the fulcrum.

All levers are functioning on the following principle:

Load × Load arm = Effort × Effort arm

The distance of the load from the fulcrum is called load arm and the distance of the effort from the fulcrum is called effort arm.

Straight levers are classified as:

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Here, Nita's experience of having heard the podcast before is still a relevant fact when she is reporting it, so the present perfect tense ("has heard") will be retained in the reported speech.
• When the Direct Speech is in Present Tense (in this case, 'says') or Future Tense, there is no change in the Indirect Speech.
• 'Has' will be used instead of 'Have' as we use 'Has' with singular noun or singular pronoun.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Nita says that she has heard the podcast before.'

Additional Information

• Let's look at the other options:
• "Nita says that she is hearing the podcast before." : This is incorrect because "is hearing" is present continuous tense, which doesn't fit the meaning of the sentence, and "before" can't be used with this tense in this context.
• "Nita says that she had heard the podcast before." : This is not incorrect, but it's more common to use "has heard" in this context for the reasons explained above.
• "Nita says that she had heard the podcast ago." : This is incorrect because "ago" is not used with the past perfect tense. It's used with the past simple tense to indicate how much time has passed since an event. Also, the word "before" is missing from the sentence.

The correct answer is Gwalior.

• The Indian Mutiny of 1857 effectively ended in the city of Gwalior.

Key Points

• The Indian Mutiny of 1857 was a major revolt in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which acted as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.
• The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 as a mutiny by soldiers of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut.
• The rebellion posed a great threat to British power in that region and was only contained with the defeat of the rebels at Gwalior on 20 June 1858.
• Its name has been contested and has been described as the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Rebellion, the Great Rebellion, the Rebellion of 1857, the Indian Rebellion, and the First War of Independence.

Additional Information

Given: 

The principal is 800 rupee

Rate is 20%

Concept: 

SI = (P × R × T)/100

CI = P[(1 + r/100)n - 1]

Here, n is the number of terms in the year.

Calculation: 

The simple interest for 2 years

⇒ (800 × 20 × 2)/100

⇒ 8 × 20 × 2

⇒ 320 rupee

Now, Compound interest for 2 years is 

⇒ 800[(1 + 20/100)2 - 1]

⇒ 800[(120/100)2 - 1]

⇒ 800[(12/10)2 - 1]

⇒ 800 × [(144 - 100)/100]

⇒ 352 rupee 

Now, The difference between CI and SI is

⇒ 352 - 320

⇒ 32

∴ The difference between CI and SI is 32. 

Shortcut Trick

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years is P(r/100)2

The  difference is 

⇒ 800(20/100)2

⇒ 800 × (1/5)2

⇒ 32

∴ The difference between CI and SI is 32. 

Important Points

This short trick works only for 2 years.

The correct answer is "confess"

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym for the highlighted word in the given sentence is 'confess.'
• Admit: to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly
• Example: He admitted his mistake.
• Confess: to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about
• Example: It was all very confusing, I must confess.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the meaning and usage of other options.

The correct answer is 'Post-mortem'

Key Points

• The word 'Post-mortem' means 'a medical examination of a dead body to find out how the person died'
• For eg.- The postmortem on the presidential campaign is under way.
• Thus use the word 'diagnosis' is the most appropriate 'one word ' for the given expression.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer

Additional Information

• Suicide: the act or an instance of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally (स्वेच्छा से और जानबूझकर अपनी जान लेने की क्रिया या उदाहरण)
• Homicide: a person who kills another (एक व्यक्ति जो दूसरे को मारता है)
• Analysis: a careful study of something to learn about its parts, what they do, and how they are related to each other (किसी चीज़ के भागों के बारे में जानने के लिए, वे क्या करते हैं, और वे एक-दूसरे से कैसे संबंधित हैं, इसका सावधानीपूर्वक अध्ययन करना)

The correct answer is "weariness."

Key Points

• Fatigue means being tired or feeling weary, either physically or mentally. (शारीरिक या मानसिक रूप से थका हुआ या थका हुआ महसूस करना)
• Example: The long hike left me feeling fatigued and I couldn't wait to get home and rest.

Let's see the meanings of the given words:

• Anxiety- a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome. (यह चिंता, घबराहट या बेचैनी की भावना है, आमतौर पर एक आसन्न घटना या अनिश्चित परिणाम के साथ कुछ के बारे में।)
• Example: I have been feeling a lot of anxiety lately about my exams.
• Poverty- It is the state of being extremely poor. (यह अत्यंत गरीब होने की स्थिति है।)
• Example: Poverty is a pervasive problem in many parts of the world and can have a devastating impact on individuals and communities.
• Depression- It is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. (यह एक मानसिक स्वास्थ्य विकार है जो उदासी, निराशा और गतिविधियों में रुचि की कमी की लगातार भावनाओं की दर्शाता है।)
• Example: I have been struggling with depression for a few years and have found therapy and medication helpful in managing my symptoms.
• Weariness- It is the feeling of being tired, especially as a result of excessive exertion or stress. (यह थकान की भावना है, विशेष रूप से अत्यधिक परिश्रम या तनाव के परिणामस्वरूप।)
• Example: After working long hours for several days in a row, I was overwhelmed with weariness and just wanted to sleep.

According to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 4, i.e., weariness.

Shortcut Trick

Initial Ratio of Gold to Copper = 2 ∶ 1 (Total = 3 units = 60 Grams ⇒ 1 unit = 20 Grams)

Final Ratio of Gold to Copper = 1 ∶ 2

Since Gold remains unchanged, equate the Gold units by multiplying the final ratio by 2 ⇒ 2 ∶ 4

Increase in Copper = 4 − 1 = 3 units ⇒ Added Copper = 3 × 20 = 60 Grams.

∴ The correct answer is 60 Grams.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total weight of initial alloy = 60 Grams

Initial ratio of Gold to Copper = 2 ∶ 1

Final ratio of Gold to Copper = 1 ∶ 2

Calculations:

Let the initial weight of Gold be 2x and Copper be x.

⇒ Total initial weight = 2x + x = 60

⇒ 3x = 60 ⇒ x = 20 Grams

⇒ Initial quantity of Gold = 2 × 20 = 40 Grams

⇒ Initial quantity of Copper = 20 Grams

Let y Grams of pure copper be added to the mixture.

⇒ New quantity of Copper = (20 + y) Grams

Since the new ratio of Gold to Copper is 1 ∶ 2:

⇒ 40 / (20 + y) = 1 / 2

⇒ 20 + y = 80

⇒ y = 60 Grams

∴ The correct answer is 60 Grams.

Additional Information

Constant Element Concept

When only one component of a mixture is altered (added or removed), the absolute quantity of the other component remains unchanged. Equating the constant component's parts across the initial and final ratios provides the fastest way to solve mixture problems.

Rule of Alligation

Used to find the exact ratio in which two distinct mixtures must be mixed. Formula: (Quantity of cheaper ÷ Quantity of dearer) = (Price of dearer − Mean price) ÷ (Mean price − Price of cheaper).

Replacement Formula

If from a vessel containing x units of a pure liquid, y units are drawn out and replaced with water, and this process is repeated n times, the amount of pure liquid left = x × (1 − y/x)ⁿ.

The correct answer is 'Weary'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word for the given group of words is 'Weary'.
• It means 'very tired, especially after you have been doing something for a long time'. [थका-माँदा (विशेषतः किसी काम को देर तक करते रहने के कारण)]
• Example: He gave a weary smile.
  

Correct Answer: Weary.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• Vitalised: give strength and energy to. (को शक्ति और ऊर्जा दें)
• Nervous: worried or afraid. (चिंतित या भयभीत)
• Drowsy: not completely awake. (उनींदु, निद्रालु)

पीयूष- 'जल' का पर्यायवाची नहीं है।

• पीयूष अमृत का पर्यायवाची है।
• अमृत के अन्य पर्यायवाची- सुरभोग,सुधा,सोम,पीयूष,अमिय,जीवनोदक,अमी,देवान्न,देवाहार,पीयूष,सुधा।

Key Points

• ​अन्य सभी विकल्प जल के पर्यायवाची हैं।
• जल के अन्य पर्यायवाची- पानी, नीर, पेय, अमृत, मेघपुष्प, पाथ, इन्दु, अंबु, अंभ, सलिल, उदक, जीवन, वारि

Additional Information

The correct answer is Wed Jan 28 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time).

Key Points

• Model Youth Gram Sabha Award Ceremony: The national award ceremony titled "Model Youth Gram Sabha" involved participation from students of Madhya Pradesh's Eklavya Schools.
• The ceremony was conducted on Wed Jan 28, 2026, as part of initiatives to promote community engagement and democratic values among youth.
• Eklavya Schools: These are residential schools set up by the Government of India for Scheduled Tribe (ST) students, aiming to provide quality education and promote leadership qualities.
• The event aligns with efforts to encourage the youth to actively participate in local governance and understand the functioning of Gram Sabhas.
• Gram Sabha is a key component of the Panchayati Raj system in India, enabling citizens to engage in decision-making processes at the grassroots level.

Additional Information

• Gram Sabha:
• The Gram Sabha is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village within a Gram Panchayat area.
• It serves as a platform for discussions on developmental activities, social issues, and governance, empowering citizens.
• Key responsibilities include the approval of development plans, identification of beneficiaries for welfare schemes, and monitoring government programs.
• Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS):
• Established in 1997-98, EMRS aims to provide holistic development opportunities for Scheduled Tribe students through quality education.
• These schools are funded by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and focus on academics, extracurricular activities, and skill development.
• The initiative is part of the Government of India's mission to bridge the educational gap for marginalized communities.
• Youth Empowerment through Gram Sabha:
• The "Model Youth Gram Sabha" award ceremony encourages the participation of youth in governance and decision-making processes.
• It aims to promote awareness about the significance of local governance and democratic principles.
• Such initiatives foster leadership qualities and instill a sense of responsibility among young citizens.
• National Recognition:
• The award ceremony highlights the importance of youth involvement in rural development and governance.
• It acknowledges efforts made by institutions like Eklavya Schools in fostering active citizenship.
• This recognition motivates other educational institutions to adopt similar practices for youth engagement.

Important Points

• Panchayati Raj System:
• The Panchayati Raj system is a decentralized form of governance in India, introduced through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
• It empowers Gram Sabhas to function as participatory institutions for rural development and governance.
• The system consists of three tiers: Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zilla Parishad (district level).
• Scheduled Tribe Education Initiatives:
• The Government of India has implemented programs like EMRS and scholarships to promote educational opportunities for Scheduled Tribe students.
• These initiatives aim to address challenges such as poverty, lack of resources, and socio-economic barriers faced by tribal communities.
• EMRS focuses on providing quality education, fostering leadership qualities, and empowering the youth for better career prospects.
• Significance of Youth Engagement:
• Youth engagement in governance ensures inclusivity and strengthens democratic values.
• It helps address issues like unemployment, social inequality, and lack of awareness among young citizens.
• Programs like "Model Youth Gram Sabha" play a vital role in shaping responsible future leaders.

The correct answer is: The old man said to him, "Fie! You are such a coward."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in indirect speech and we need to convert it to direct speech.
• When we change an indirect speech to direct speech, we must follow these rules:
• The reporting verb 'exclaimed' changes to 'said to'
• An exclamatory sentence has a sign of exclamation after it, which changes into a full stop in the indirect speech.
• A comma (,) is added after the direct speech part.
• The notion of these kinds of sentences is 'joy, sorrow, surprise, applause, detest, hate, etc.'
• Exclamatory words 'Ah!, Ha!, My God!, Oh!, Alas!, Bravo!, Fie!' are added in direct Speech.
• The first word of the direct speech is in capital letters.
• The pronoun 'he' changes to 'you'. 'was' which expresses simple past tense changes to simple present tense 'are'.
• Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• 'Fie' is an exclamation, used to express disgust or outrage.
• Example- Fie upon you, you devilish fool!

Hence, direct speech is- ​The old man said to him, "Fie! You are such a coward."

The correct answer is Electric current.

Key Points

• The rate of flow of electric charges through a conductor is known as electric current.
• The electric current flowing through a conductor is often defined as the quantity electric charge following across the cross-section of the conductor in one second.
• The electric current in a wire, where the charge carriers are electrons, is a measure of the quantity of charge passing any point of the wire per unit of time.
• Electric current SI base unit is Ampere.

Additional Information

• Electric potential:
• The electric potential is the amount of work energy needed to move a unit of electric charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field with the negligible acceleration of the test charge to avoid producing kinetic energy or radiation by the test charge.
• Electrical energy:
• Electrical energy is a form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charges. Energy is the ability to do work or apply force to move an object. In the case of electrical energy, the force is electrical attraction or repulsion between charged particles.
• Electric power:
• Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second.