Bihar Jeevika (Area Coordinator) : (02 Dec 2025) MBT (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Pituitary.

Key Points

• The pituitary gland is a small, pea-shaped gland located at the base of the brain.
• It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls several other hormone glands in the body, including the thyroid and adrenal glands.
• The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which is crucial for growth, cell repair, and metabolism.
• Growth hormone stimulates growth in almost all tissues of the body, including bones and muscles.
• The pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. Growth hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary.

 Additional Information

• Thyroid
• The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate metabolism.
• It plays a vital role in controlling the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance.
• Pancreas
• The pancreas is located behind the stomach and has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
• It produces important hormones like insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels.
• Adrenal
• The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney.
• They produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and cortisol which help regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress responses.

The Correct Answer is ​Mohun Bagan Super Giant.

In News

• Mohun Bagan Super Giant clinches Indian Super League 2024-25 title.

Key Points 

• Mohun Bagan Super Giant won the ISL 2024-25 title.
• They beat Bengaluru FC 2-1 in the final.
• The match was held at Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan Stadium, Kolkata.
• This was Mohun Bagan’s second ISL title (first was in 2022-23).
• They became only the second team to win both:
• League Winners Shield and
• ISL Cup in the same season.
• The first team to do this was Mumbai City FC in 2020-21.

The correct answer is Fit India Programme.

Key Points

• The "Fitness ka dose, aadha ghanta roz" campaign is part of the Fit India Programme launched by the Government of India.
• Fit India Programme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 29th August 2019, which is also National Sports Day in India.
• The initiative aims to encourage citizens to include physical activity and sports in their daily lives.
• The campaign specifically promotes the idea of engaging in at least 30 minutes of physical activity every day to improve overall health and fitness.
• It is targeted at individuals of all age groups, emphasizing the importance of regular exercise to combat lifestyle diseases.

Additional Information

• Fit India Movement:
• Launched by the Prime Minister on August 29, 2019, at Indira Gandhi Stadium in New Delhi.
• The goal is to inspire Indians to incorporate physical activities and sports into their everyday lives.
• Includes fitness pledges, events, and activities across schools, colleges, and workplaces.
• Emphasizes making India a fit society and reducing the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases.
• Activities under Fit India Programme:
• Fit India School Week: Schools organize various fitness-related activities to promote physical health among students.
• Fit India Plog Run: Combines fitness with cleanliness, encouraging participants to pick up litter while jogging.
• Fit India Cyclothon: Promotes cycling as a healthy and eco-friendly mode of transport.
• Fit India Freedom Run: Promotes running and walking activities across the country.
• Fit India Mobile App:
• A mobile application launched to help individuals track their fitness levels and activities.
• Provides guidance on various exercises and fitness routines.
• Includes features like daily activity tracking, fitness assessment, and tips for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

The correct answer is To enhance research in agriculture and animal husbandry.

In News

• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) launched the 'One Scientist-One Product' scheme on July 16, 2024.

Key Points

• The scheme aims to improve research in the field of agriculture and animal husbandry.
• Over 5,500 scientists are tasked with developing a product, technology, model, concept, or publication.
• The progress of these projects will be monitored at institute and headquarters levels.
• The scheme will run for five years, with a focus on high-yielding oilseeds and pulses varieties this year.

Additional Information

• One Scientist-One Product Scheme
• Launched by ICAR to enhance research in agriculture and animal husbandry.
• The scheme involves over 5,500 scientists.
• It includes the development of 323 new crop varieties, including climate-resilient and bio-fortified varieties.
• The initiative is part of ICAR's broader goal to develop 100 new seed varieties and 100 farm technologies in 100 days.

The correct answer is Ministry of Mines.

Key Points

• The National Geoscience Award is instituted by the Ministry of Mines.
• This award aims to honor individuals and teams for their extraordinary achievements in geosciences.
• The ceremony for the awards was held at Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre.
• The President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, presented the awards on August 20, 2024.
• The Ministry of Mines' role includes fostering research and development in geosciences and supporting the establishment of key institutions like the National Landslide Forecasting Centre.

The correct answer is - Afghan

Key Points

• Battle of Dauraha
• Fought in 1532 AD between Humayun and the Afghans.
• Humayun emerged victorious in this battle, establishing his authority over the Afghans.
• This victory was significant in consolidating the Mughal rule in India.

Additional Information

• Humayun
• Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, succeeding his father, Babur.
• His reign was marked by both military victories and setbacks, including his temporary loss of the empire to Sher Shah Suri.
• Humayun is also known for his architectural contributions, including the construction of the Din Panah at Delhi.
• Rajputs
• The Rajputs were a prominent warrior class in India known for their resistance against various invaders, including the Mughals.
• They fought several battles against the Mughals, but the Battle of Dauraha was not one of them.
• Bundele
• The Bundelas were a group of Rajputs in central India known for their resistance against the Mughals and other invaders.
• They were significant in the history of the region, but they did not participate in the Battle of Dauraha.
• Mohammad Khan
• Mohammad Khan is a common name and could refer to various historical figures, but none were specifically involved in the Battle of Dauraha.
• This option might be a distractor or a reference to a less-known individual.

The correct answer is II and III.

Key Points

• 6 out of 28 states have bicameral legislatures, namely Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh, with the remaining states having a unicameral one.
• The Vidhan Sabha is the lower house and corresponds to the Lok Sabha while the Vidhan Parishad is the upper house and corresponds to the Rajya Sabha of the Parliament of India.
• Article 168 mentions about the Legislative Council in some of the States of our country.

Additional Information

• The State Legislative Assembly, or Vidhan Sabha, is a legislative body in the states and union territories of India.
• 5 union territories are governed directly by the Union Government of India and have no legislative body.
• Each Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is directly elected to serve 5-year terms by single-member constituencies.

The correct answer is 2.56 Lakh Crore.

Key Points

• Total expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2024-25 is targeted at Rs 2.56 lakh crore.
• This is a decrease of 12% over the revised estimates for 2023-24.
• This expenditure is proposed to be met through receipts (excluding borrowings) of Rs 2,27,238 crore and net borrowings of Rs 29,295 crore.
• Total receipts for 2023-24 (other than borrowings) are expected to register an increase of 5.7% over the revised estimates for 2023-24.

The correct answer is tropical humid climate.

Key Points

• Tropical humid regions have low yearly temperature variation and substantial annual rainfall.
• The climatic zone known as the humid tropics is one in which evapotranspiration outpaces precipitation for at least 270 days out of every year and mean monthly temperatures are continuously high and exceed 18 C.
• The first of the five main climatic groups assigned the letter A in the Köppen climate classification is the tropical climate.

Additional Information

• Mediterranean climate 
• Hot, dry summers and warm, rainy winters are characteristics of the Mediterranean climate. Central California, Central Chile, and the coasts of South Eastern and South Western Australia all have a Mediterranean climate.
• In the summer, subtropical highs affect these locations, and in the winter, westerly winds. Hence, the region experiences hot, dry summers and warm, rainy winters.​
• Temperate climate
• The region of the globe between the middle latitudes, or 40 to 60 degrees north-south of the Equator, is known as the temperate zone. The areas of the Earth between the tropics and the poles are known as the temperate zones.
• The temperate climate is the one that prevails in this area. These places' average yearly temperatures show that they are neither extremely hot nor extremely cold.
• Cold climate
• Cold climates are one of the types of climates on our list that affect locations that man has not inhabited, and plant and animal species hardly survive. The arctic environment is the most extreme subtype and is inhospitable to all life except for a few species of lichens and moss.
• Polar and highland climates are two examples of chilly climates.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Karagam is a popular folk dance in Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India.
• The dance is performed in praise of the rain goddess Mari Amman and the river goddess Gangai Amman, as a part of rituals during the month of Aadi.
• Karagam is traditionally performed using a pot filled with uncooked rice, topped with a coconut and surrounded by a garland, all of which are balanced on the dancers' heads.
• Initially, the dance was performed only with the accompaniment of the Naiyandi Melam, but now it also includes songs.
• Over time, the Karagam dance has evolved into two types
• Aatta Karagam is performed on stage with decorated pots and it involves acrobatic feats
• Sakthi Karagam is mainly performed in temples as a spiritual offering.

Additional Information

The correct answer is To allow entrepreneurs to return land for closed units and reclaim lease amounts.

Key Points

• The Exit Policy 2025 aims to help entrepreneurs by allowing them to return land allotted for closed industrial units to BIADA.
• Entrepreneurs can reclaim a portion of the lease amount they had deposited for the land.
• The policy seeks to unlock industrial land and make it available for new businesses, supporting Bihar's industrial development.
• The initiative is aligned with Bihar's broader Industry Promotion Initiative, encouraging new investments.

Additional Information

• The policy was formally approved in the 93rd BIADA Board of Directors meeting on 11 February 2025.
• The policy deadline for applications is set to 31 December 2025.
• The Exit Policy is expected to free up industrial land, which can then be utilized by new and existing businesses, particularly investors associated with Bihar Business Connect.
• This policy is a key part of Bihar’s strategy to attract more industrial investments and increase economic activity in the state.
• The policy is seen as a step towards enhancing the industrial ecosystem in Bihar and improving infrastructure availability for new businesses.
• The Exit Policy 2025 provides a mechanism for entrepreneurs to divest from closed units while facilitating the creation of a dynamic business environment in Bihar.

 Key Points

• Golden Globe Awards 2025 celebrated excellence in film and television.
• Major Winners in Film:
• Best Motion Picture—Drama: The Brutalist.
• Best Actor—Drama: Adrien Brody (The Brutalist).
• Best Actress—Drama: Fernanda Torres (I’m Still Here).
• Best Motion Picture—Musical or Comedy: Emilia Pérez.
• Best Actress—Musical or Comedy: Demi Moore (The Substance).
• Television Highlights:
• Best Drama Series: Shōgun.
• Best Actress in Drama Series: Anna Sawai (Shōgun).
• Best Comedy Series: Hacks.
• Best Actress in Comedy Series: Jean Smart (Hacks).
• Special Honours:
• Cecil B. DeMille Award: Viola Davis.
• Carol Burnett Award: Ted Danson.
• Diverse Representation: Noteworthy wins for international productions (Emilia Pérez) and groundbreaking performances (Shōgun).
• Other Notable Wins:
• Best Film—Animated: Flow.
• Best Original Song: “El Mal” (Emilia Pérez).
• Best Director: Brady Corbet (The Brutalist).
• Significant Television Awards:
• Best Male Actor in Drama: Hiroyuki Sanada (Shōgun).
• Best Supporting Male Actor: Tadanobu Asano (Shōgun).

• The Overseas Citizenship of India is an immigration status permitting a foreign citizen of Indian origin to live and work in the Republic of India indefinitely.
• The Citizenship Act of India is covered in Articles 5 to 11 of the Constitution of India.
• The Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Scheme was introduced by amending the Citizenship Act, 1955 in August 2005.
• OCI is not to be misconstrued as 'dual citizenship'. OCI does not confer political rights.

The correct answer is Lord Shiva.

Key Points

• The Ramappa Temple, also known as the Ramalingeswara Temple, is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• The temple is located in the village of Palampet, Venkatapur Mandal, in the Mulugu district of the Indian state of Telangana.
• The Ramappa Temple is a remarkable example of Kakatiya architectural style, named after the sculptor Ramappa who built it, as per the instructions of the general Recherla Rudra during the Kakatiya rule in 1213 AD.
• It's known for its intricate carvings and exquisite sculpture, featuring themes from Hindu mythology, epic narratives, and folklore.
• The temple's notable elements include its sandstone sculptures, floating bricks, intricate carvings, and a dancing hall with unique pillars.

Additional Information

• Here's a table detailing different temples dedicated to the different deities mentioned in the options:

The correct answer is Temperature.

Key Points

• A bolometer is an instrument designed to measure electromagnetic radiation by observing the temperature rise of a material.
• It is highly sensitive to temperature changes and can detect minute amounts of heat.
• Bolometers are commonly used in astronomy to measure the radiation from stars and galaxies.
• They work by using materials that change resistance with temperature, such as metals or semiconductors.
• The bolometer was invented by Samuel Pierpont Langley in 1878.

Additional Information

• Electromagnetic Radiation:
• Electromagnetic radiation is energy that travels through space in the form of waves.
• It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
• Bolometers are particularly effective in measuring infrared and microwave radiation.
• Types of Bolometers:
• There are several types of bolometers, including cryogenic bolometers and semiconductor bolometers.
• Cryogenic bolometers operate at very low temperatures to enhance sensitivity.
• Semiconductor bolometers use materials like silicon or gallium arsenide to detect temperature changes.
• Applications of Bolometers:
• Bolometers are used in various scientific fields, including astronomy, material science, and thermal imaging.
• In astronomy, bolometers help in studying cosmic microwave background radiation and star formation.
• In material science, they are used to measure thermal properties of materials.
• Historical Context:
• Samuel Pierpont Langley's invention of the bolometer in 1878 marked a significant advancement in the field of thermal detection.
• Langley's bolometer was initially used to measure solar radiation.
• Modern bolometers have evolved with advanced materials and technology for greater sensitivity and accuracy.

The correct answer is Statement 1 and Statement 2.

• Statement 1 is correct as Bihar Diwas 2025 commemorated the 113th anniversary of Bihar's establishment as a separate state on March 22, 1912.
• Statement 2 is correct as the theme for Bihar Diwas 2025 was "Unnat Bihar - Vikasit Bihar" (Developed Bihar), focusing on progress and development in the state.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because Bihar was separated from Bengal and made a separate province under the viceroyalty of Lord Hardinge, not Lord Curzon.

In News

• Bihar Diwas 2025 was celebrated from March 22 to March 26, marking the 113th anniversary of Bihar's establishment as a separate state.

Key Points

• Theme: The theme for Bihar Diwas 2025 was "Unnat Bihar - Vikasit Bihar" (Developed Bihar), emphasizing progress and development in the state.
• Historical Significance: The day marks the creation of Bihar as a separate state from Bengal under the Government of India Act, 1912.
• Festivities: The event featured cultural exhibitions, health check-up stalls, tourism promotion, and public participation across five days.

Additional Information

• Formation of Bihar: ​
• Bihar was separated from Bengal and a new province of Bihar and Orissa was formed under the viceroyalty of Lord Hardinge through the Government of India Act, 1912, with the formal proclamation made on March 22, 1912.
• The Partition of Bengal: In 1905, Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal, leading to the division of Bengal into Eastern and Western Bengal.
• Administrative Convenience: The British argued for dividing Bengal for administrative reasons, but the partition was also seen as a way to curtail Bengali politicians' influence and split the Bengali people.
• Formation of Bihar and Orissa: The new province of Bihar and Orissa was formed on March 22, 1912, with Lord Hardinge as the Viceroy.
• Government of India Act, 1912: The creation of the province of Bihar and Orissa was formally proclaimed through the Government of India Act, 1912.

Important Points

• Bihar's Cultural Heritage: Bihar is home to significant cultural, educational, and religious landmarks such as Nalanda University and the Mahabodhi Temple.
• Economic Progress: Bihar has made strides in economic growth, with agriculture being the state's primary economic activity, complemented by increasing industrial development.

The correct answer is Jamui

Key Points

• Jamui is a district in Bihar where bauxite is found in abundance.
• Bauxite is an important ore of aluminum and is used in the production of various aluminum products.
• The presence of bauxite in Jamui contributes significantly to the local economy and provides employment opportunities in the mining sector.
• Other minerals found in Bihar include limestone, mica, and coal, but bauxite is notably abundant in Jamui.

Additional Information

• Geographical Significance
• Jamui is located in the southern part of Bihar and is known for its rich mineral resources.
• The district is part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, which is known for its mineral wealth.
• Economic Impact
• The mining of bauxite in Jamui contributes to the state's revenue through mineral royalties and taxes.
• The mining industry also supports ancillary industries such as transportation and equipment manufacturing.

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹2,500

Repair Cost = ₹300

Selling Price (SP) = ₹3,000

Formula Used:

Profit Percentage = (\frac{Profit}{CP} \times 100)

Calculation:

Profit = SP - (CP + Repair Cost)

Profit = ₹3,000 - (₹2,500 + ₹300) = ₹200

Profit Percentage = (\frac{200}{2800} \times 100)

Profit Percentage = (7\frac{1}{7})%

The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

Speeds = 20 km/h, 60 km/h, 4 km/h

Time = 38 minutes

Formula used:

Speed = distance/time

Calculation:

Let the equal distances be x km

A.T.Q

x/20 + x/60 + x/4 = 38/60

⇒ 3x/60 + x/60 + 15x/60 = 38/60

⇒ 19x = 38

⇒ x = 2km

∴ Total Distance = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 km

∴ The distance is 6 km

Given:

Number of consecutive even numbers (n) = 53

Average = 1280

Formula Used:

Difference between largest and smallest of 'n' consecutive even numbers = 2 × (n - 1)

Calculation:

Difference = 2 × (53 - 1)

Difference = 2 × 52

⇒ Difference = 104

∴ The difference is 104.

Given :

In a business A invested  = 15,000 Rs 

B invested  = 25,000 Rs. 

The end of the first year they earned a profit = 13000 Rs.

A left the business with his money after 6 months 

Calculation : 

In a business A invested for 6 months = 15000 × 6 = 90000 

In a business B invested for 12 month = 25000 × 12 = 300000 

A's share : B's share =  90000 : 300000 =  3 : 10 

Lets A's share = 3x

B's share = 10x 

According to what is given ,

⇒ 3x + 10x = 13000

⇒ 13x = 13000 

⇒ x = 1000 

A's share = 3x = 3 × 1000 = Rs.3000

∴ A's share is Rs.3000

Given,

Average weight of 50 boys = 45 kg

Formula:

Average = sum of all observations/total number of all observations

Calculation:

Average weight of 50 boys = 45 kg

Sum of weight of 50 boys = 45 × 50 = 2250 kg

If 1 boys left the class, then average of 49 boys = 44.9 kg

Sum of weight of 49 boys = 44.9 × 49 = 2200.1

∴ Weight of boy who left the class = 2250 - 2200.1 = 49.9 kg

Alternate Solution

New average = 45 - 0.1 = 44.9 kg

Weight of boy left = New average + Number of total boys × Average reduced

= 44.9 + 50 × 0.1

= 44.9 + 5

= 49.9 kg

Shortcut Trick

Total Simple Interest = (P₁ × effective rate 1) + (P₂ × effective rate 2)

Effective Rate = Rate × Time

Total Interest = (14000 × 15%) + (19000 × 18%)

Total Interest = 2100 + 3420 = 5520

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,520.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal 1 (P₁) = ₹14,000, Rate 1 (R₁) = 5%, Time (T) = 3 years

Principal 2 (P₂) = ₹19,000, Rate 2 (R₂) = 6%, Time (T) = 3 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ SI₁ = (14000 × 5 × 3) ÷ 100 = 140 × 15 = ₹2100

⇒ SI₂ = (19000 × 6 × 3) ÷ 100 = 190 × 18 = ₹3420

⇒ Total Interest = SI₁ + SI₂

⇒ Total Interest = 2100 + 3420 = ₹5520

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,520.

Additional Information

Total Amount Formula

The total amount (A) after T years is given by A = P + SI = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100].

Simple vs Compound Interest

In Simple Interest, the interest is calculated only on the initial principal. In Compound Interest, interest is calculated on both principal and the accumulated interest of previous periods.

Effective Rate Method

For Simple Interest, the effective rate for T years is simply R × T%. Here, 5% for 3 years becomes a 15% flat interest rate on the principal.

Given:

20% of voters did not vote 

invalids votes = 2800

the winner gets 53% of the valid votes and wins by 1200 votes

Calculations:

Let the total voting list = x

(x × 80% – 2800) × 6% = 1200

(∵ if the winner gets 53% votes then the loser gets 47% votes, the Difference between winner and loser is 6%)

⇒ (x × 80% - 2800) = 20000

⇒ x × 80% = 22800

⇒ x × 4/5 = 22800

∴ x = 28500

Given :

The total length of the bridge = 121 m

Time taken by train to cross a bridge = 62 sec

Time taken by train to cross a man standing = 51 sec

Formula used :

Speed of train = Distance/time

Calculation :

Let the total length of the train = x

⇒ speed of train = ({x + 121}\over 62) = (x\over51)

⇒ 51x + 121 × 51 = 62x

⇒ 11x = 6171

⇒ x = (6171\over11) = 561

∴ The answer is 561 m.

GIVEN:

The population of town 4 years ago = 62500

Percentage increase annually = 20%

Time = 4 years

CONCEPT:

The percentage increase will be a successive percentage increase.

CALCULATION:

Population of village after 4 years = P × (1 + r/100)ⁿ

⇒ Population of village after 4 years = 62500 × (1 + 20/100)⁴

⇒ 62500 × 1296/625

= 129600

The answer is 1,29,600

Given:

Ratio of father and son age = 8 : 3

Ratio after 4 years = 11 : 5

Calculations:

Let the age of Father and Son three years before "8a" and "3a"

Age of Father and Son after 4 years from 3 years past = (8a + 7) and (3a + 7)

According to the question-

⇒ (8a+7\over 3a+7) = (11\over 5)

⇒ 40a + 35 = 33a + 77 

⇒ 7a = 42

⇒ a = 6

∴ Present age of Father = (8a + 3) = 8 × 6 + 3 = 51 years

∴ the present age of Father is 51 years.

Shortcut TrickAge ratio three years ago = 8 : 3

Age ratio (4 + 3) i.e. 7 years after = 11 : 5

Let the common ratio be Q.

40Q - 33Q = 77 - 35

⇒ 7Q = 42

⇒ Q = 6

⇒ 8Q = 48

⇒ 8Q + 3 = 51

Now, the present age of father = 51 years

∴ The present age of the father is 51 years.

Calculation : 

Ratio of BSNL Sim - Cards = 10

Ratio of Airtel Sim - Cards = 20

Ratio = 10 : 20

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 2.

Calculation : 

We know ,

⇒ 100% = 360° 

⇒ 1% = 3.6° 

Minimum angle = 10 × 3.6° = 36° 

∴ The correct answer is 36°.

The pattern followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is “NKWDIPKF”.

Pairs of letters in the word REMONSTRATE (in both forward and backward directions) each of which has many letters between them in the word as there are in English alphabetical order are:

There are eight pairs. They are

From forward:- MR, MT, RT, ST

From backward:- OR, NO, EM, NR

Hence, the correct answer is "8".

Logic : Consecutive decreasing multiples of (9) are subtracted from each number subsequently.

So,

325 - 54 = 271

271 - 45 = 226

226 - 36 = 190

190 - 27 = 163

163 - 18 = 145

145 - 9 = 136

Hence, "190" is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

Given: IMPUDENT is written as PFXMHAWK

The logic followed here is,

1. First letter is subtracted by 3 and shifted to the second position and the second letter add by 3 and shifted to the first position.

2. Third letter is subtracted by 3 and shifted to the fourth position and fourth letter add by 3 and shifted to the third position.

3. And the last two letters are interchanged and decreased or increased by 3.

Similarly,

ABNORMAL = ?

‘’ABNORMAL" is coded as ‘EXRKPOOX’.

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

The Correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed on the AB:

Hence, the correct answer is

Additional Information

In a mirror image, the Left changes to the right and the right changes to the left vice-versa.

When placement of mirror not given, By default we will assume it in Vertical direction.

The pattern follows here is,

The given series is a mixed series.

The first letters of a given series are increased by natural number according to the English alphabet order starting with the letter F.

The second letters of a given series are increased by natural number except one according to the English alphabet series starting with the letter R.

Hence, IW is the correct answer.

The pattern followed in the given series is:

Logic: First term × First term + 1 = Second term.

Now we apply the pattern on the given series:

For, 12 : 145

12 × 12 + 1 = 145

144 + 1 = 145

145 = 145

For, 9 : 82

9 × 9 + 1 = 82 

81 + 1 = 82

82 = 82

Similarly, 11 : ?

11 × 11 + 1 = ?

121 + 1 = 122.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The distance and direction diagram as per the given information:

The distance between the office and her home is OD:

Pythagoras theorem:

(OD)² = (OE)² + (ED)²

Where:

OE =  60 km, ED = 80 km

(OD)2 = (60)2 + (80)²

(OD)2 = 3600 + 6400

OD = 100 km

Here, the distance between her office and home is 100 km and her office is located respect to her home in the Southwest.

Hence, the correct answer is "South-west; 100 km".

Correct option - 2 

1. Two persons were seated between A and G. E was seated second to the left of A. Neither D nor E was seated adjacent to G. 

2. F was seated second to the right of D. B and C were immediate neighbours.

Hence, case 1 is invalid 

Hence, the correct answer is Cannot be determined.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

A possible tree diagram will be:

Hence, Rajesh is the father-in-law of Rajan.

Given word: 'CORNFLAKES'

After arranged in alphabetical order:

Now,

there are no alphabets that will remain unchanged if each of the letters in the word 'CORNFLAKES' is arranged in English alphabetical order.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is Ctrl + =.

Key Points

• A subscript is a number, figure, symbol, or indicator that is smaller than the normal line of type and is set slightly below it.
• For ex- Formula of Carbon Dioxide is CO_2.
• The shortcut key to create subscript in MS-Word is Ctrl + =.
• A superscript is a number, figure, symbol, or indicator that is smaller than the normal line of type and is set slightly above it.
• For ex- ion of sodium is Na^​+1.
• For superscript, press Ctrl, Shift, and the Plus sign (+) at the same time.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Icon.

Key Points

• An icon is a small graphical representation of a program, feature, or file.

Additional Information

• When we click or double-click an icon, the associated file or program opens or an action is performed.
• For example, if we were to double-click the My Computer icon, it would open Windows Explorer.
• Icons are a component of graphical user interface (GUI) operating systems, including Apple macOS X and Microsoft Windows.
• GUI is a type of user interface through which users interact with electronic devices via visual indicator representations.
• Icons help users quickly identify the type of file represented by the icon.

The Correct Answer is 3) MACINTOSH.

Key Points

• Macintosh is not a computer programming language. It is a brand name which Apple introduced in January 1984, for its series of personal computers (PCs).
• The other three options – PROLOG, COBOL, and FORTRAN – are indeed computer programming languages, developed for different scopes and uses.
• PROLOG (short for PROgramming in LOGic) is a high-level programming language based on formal logic. It was created as a practical tool for programming in artificial intelligence (AI).
• COBOL (an acronym for 'COmmon Business-Oriented Language') was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and is still in use in many financial and business applications today.
• FORTRAN (short for 'FORmula TRANslation') is a high-level and imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.
• The Macintosh personal computer systems are known for their user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). This allows users to interact with the computer using visual elements such as icons, windows, and menus, controlled by a mouse and keyboard.
• Even though Macintosh is not a programming language, various programming languages can be used to create software for the Macintosh operating system, including but not limited to Objective-C, Swift, Python, and Java to name a few.

The correct answer is application software.

Key Points

• Application Software
• Application Software is a type of computer program that performs a specific personal, educational, and business function.
• Each application is designed to assist end-users in accomplishing a variety of tasks, which may be related to productivity, creativity, or communication.
• Application software programs are created to facilitate a variety of functions, including managing information, constructing visuals, coordinating resources, and calculating figures.
• Example: Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Photo-Editing, Asset Management, Media Player, etc.

Additional Information

• System Software
• This refers to a collection of programs that control your computer's internal functioning or provide a platform for another type of software.
• It can refer to software like macOS or GNU/Linux, which are the operating systems that make your computer work.
• Platform Software
• A software platform is a framework of software that is intended and designed to work together. Software platforms are curated to allow applications to work together seamlessly, without workarounds or integrations.
• A software platform may support a variety of programming languages, engines, and web services.

Correct Answer: CRAY-2

Rationale:

• A supercomputer is a high-performance computing machine designed to have extremely fast processing speed and the ability to perform complex calculations at rapid rates. Supercomputers are used for tasks that require immense computational power, such as weather forecasting, scientific simulations, and cryptography.
• The CRAY-2 is an example of a supercomputer. Developed by Cray Research in the mid-1980s, it was one of the fastest computers of its time. The CRAY-2 was known for its unique liquid cooling system and its ability to perform billions of calculations per second.

Explanation of Other Options:

Laptop

• Rationale: A laptop is a portable personal computer with a built-in screen and keyboard. Laptops are designed for general-purpose use such as web browsing, office applications, and multimedia playback. While powerful, they do not have the advanced computational capabilities of a supercomputer.

Desktop PC

• Rationale: A desktop PC is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location. Desktops typically offer more power and expandability than laptops but are still not in the same league as supercomputers in terms of performance and computational ability.

IBM S/390

• Rationale: The IBM S/390 is a mainframe computer, which is different from a supercomputer. Mainframes are designed for large-scale computing purposes, such as bulk data processing and enterprise resource planning. While they are powerful, mainframes are optimized for different tasks compared to supercomputers, which are geared towards handling complex scientific and engineering problems.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, the CRAY-2 is the supercomputer. It stands out due to its specialized design and high computational power, making it suitable for advanced scientific and engineering applications.

The Correct answer is Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

Key Points

• Viruses are indeed responsible for data theft. They can infect systems, steal sensitive information, and transmit this data to malicious actors.
• Data theft can occur through various types of malware, including keyloggers, spyware, and trojans, which are often classified under the broader category of viruses.
• While antiviruses play a crucial role in detecting and removing viruses, they are not foolproof. Advanced persistent threats (APTs) and zero-day vulnerabilities can sometimes bypass antivirus protection.
• Antiviruses can mitigate the risk of data theft by detecting and removing known malware, but they cannot guarantee complete security, especially against new and sophisticated threats.
• Effective data protection requires a comprehensive security strategy, including regular software updates, strong passwords, encryption, and user education, in addition to antivirus software.

The correct answer is "Mouse".

Key Points

• Mouse: The mouse used in computer systems is known as an input device. It is also referred to as a pointing device. Douglas Engelbart was the inventor of the computer mouse.
• The computer mouse is a small hand-held device with two buttons and one scroll wheel on its upper side. One button is known as a right-click button and another button is a left-clicked button. The left mouse button is used for selecting (single click) and opening the file (double click).
• The scroll wheel on the mouse is used for scrolling the page of the current window up or down.
• The mouse can be wired and also wireless.
  

• The mouse is used for controlling the graphical user interface of the computer system.
• In the early days, the mouse device uses the trackball for smooth movement in the mouse. Nowadays optical sensors are used in the mouse.

Thus the correct answer is Mouse.

Additional Information

• Trackball: It is an input as well as a pointing device used in computer systems. The main purpose of trackball is to play video games. 
  

• Light pen: It is also referred to as an input device. It is mainly used for generating a digital signature.
  

• Barcode reader: Barcode reader is also referred to as an input device. This device is mainly used in shopping malls, grocery stores and so on. It will scan the barcode which contains all information related to the product and displays the result in the computer system.
  

The correct answer is Terabyte.

Key Points

• 1 Bit = Binary Digit
• 8 Bits = 1 Byte
• 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
• 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
• 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
• 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
• 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
• 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
• 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
• 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
• 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
• 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte**.**

Important Points

• A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.
• A group of 8 bits is called byte.
• A byte is the smallest unit, which can represent a data item or a character.
• Bits are the basic building blocks of not only data storage but all computers.
• Computers work in binary digits, combining 0’s and 1’s in countless patterns.
• These binary digits are known as bits and are the smallest possible unit for data storage.
• When 8 bits are combined, you get a byte. Bytes are used to store a single character; whether’s it a letter, number, or punctuation.
• All memory storage is expressed in terms of bytes, so although bits might be the foundation upon which data storage is built, bytes are the building blocks that truly denote the usability of any one storage solution.

The Correct Answer is "Align across".

Important Points

• Alignment refers to where and how the text lines up.
• Default settings in Microsoft Word will left-align your text, but there are many other ways to format a document’s alignment.

Steps :

• Select the cells, columns, or rows, with text that you want to align (or select your entire table).
• Go to the (Table Tools) Layout tab.
• Click an Align button (you may have to click the Alignment button first, depending on the size of your screen).
• The following figure shows where the Align buttons are on the (Table Tools) Layout tab and how these options align text in a table.

​ 

Additional Information

• Vertical alignment
• ​Top Align 

 - aligns the contents to the top of the cell.

• Middle Align 

 - centers the contents between the top and bottom of the cell.

• Bottom Align 

 - aligns the contents to the bottom of the cell (the default one).

• Horizontal alignment
• Align Left 

 - aligns the contents along the left edge of the cell.

• Center 

 - puts the contents in the middle of the cell.

• Align Right 

 - aligns the contents along the right edge of the cell.

• We can arrange the cell contents in different ways, for example:

Align to upper-left	Align to bottom-right	Center in the middle of a cell

The Correct Answer is "FTP".

Important Points

FTP :

• FTP is a widely used network protocol for transferring files between computers over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet.
• FTP lets people and applications exchange and shares data within their offices and across the Internet.
• FTP was one of the first technologies developed to solve this common need, and it remains, with several generations of enhancements, the second most popular protocol used today (after HTTP or the "World Wide Web").

Applications :

• Organizations use FTP to allow employees to share files across different locations and branch offices.
• Employees use FTP to securely share files with coworkers and external business partners.
• IT teams use FTP to transfer data back to DR (disaster recovery) sites.
• Webmaster teams use FTP to transfer Web pages, Web application files, and images to their Web server.

Additional Information

IP :

• An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device or domain that connects to the Internet
• Each IP address is a series of characters, such as '192.168.1.1'. Via DNS resolvers, which translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses, users are able to access websites without memorizing this complex series of characters.
• Each IP packet will contain both the IP address of the device or domain sending the packet and the IP address of the intended recipient, much like how both the destination address and the return address are included on a piece of mail.
• IP Address is either a four-byte (IPv4) or an sixteen-byte (IPv6) address.
• A device attached with IP Address can retrieve by RARP protocol.
• IP Address operates in the network layer.
• IP Address identifies the connection of the device on the network.
• IP Address modifies with the time and environment.
• IP Addresses can be found by a third party.

UDP :

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a Transport Layer protocol.
• UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite, referred to as UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP**,** it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol.
• So, there is no need to establish a connection prior to data transfer.
• Though Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominant transport layer protocol used with most Internet services; provides assured delivery, reliability, and much more but all these services cost us additional overhead and latency.
• Here, UDP comes into the picture. For real-time services like computer gaming, voice or video communication, live conferences; we need UDP.
• Since high performance is needed, UDP permits packets to be dropped instead of processing delayed packets.
• There is no error checking in UDP, so it also saves bandwidth.
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is more efficient in terms of both latency and bandwidth.
• UDP header is an 8-bytes fixed and simple header, while for TCP it may vary from 20 bytes to 60 bytes.
• The first 8 Bytes contains all necessary header information and the remaining part consist of data.
• UDP port number fields are each 16 bits long, therefore the range for port numbers defined from 0 to 65535; port number 0 is reserved.
• Port numbers help to distinguish different user requests or processes.

TCP :

• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.
• It is a transport layer protocol that facilitates the transmission of packets from source to destination.
• It is a connection-oriented protocol that means it establishes the connection prior to the communication that occurs between the computing devices in a network.
• This protocol is used with an IP protocol, so together, they are referred to as a TCP/IP.
• The main functionality of the TCP is to take the data from the application layer.
• Then it divides the data into several packets, provides numbering to these packets, and finally transmits these packets to the destination.
• The TCP, on the other side, will reassemble the packets and transmits them to the application layer.
• As we know that TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, so the connection will remain established until the communication is not completed between the sender and the receiver.

The correct answer is Jharkhand. 

In News

• The Jharkhand government is preparing to launch the State Widow Remarriage Promotion Scheme.

Key Points

• Chief Minister Champai Soren will formally launch the scheme.
• Under the initiative, widows who remarry will receive an amount of Rs 2 lakh.
• The scheme aims to improve the living standards and dignity of widows.
• Secretary of Women and Children, and Social Welfare Department, Manoj Kumar, provided details about the scheme.
• This initiative reflects the government's commitment to empowering widows and integrating them into mainstream society.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh

In News

• Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is set to launch the "Mukhyamantri Yuva Udyami Vikas Abhiyan (MYUVA)" scheme in Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath launches the "Mukhyamantri Yuva Udyami Vikas Abhiyan (MYUVA)" in Uttar Pradesh to nurture entrepreneurship among the youth.
• The government has allocated a budget of Rs 1,000 crore for the financial year 2024-25 to support the scheme.
• The initiative aims to empower young entrepreneurs by providing interest-free loans and support for starting entrepreneurial ventures, thereby fostering economic growth and self-employment opportunities.
• The scheme's objective is to prepare one lakh young entrepreneurs every year by offering interest-free loans for projects up to Rs 5 lakh.
• Projects in the industry and service sectors can avail interest-free loans of up to Rs 5 lakh.
• The goal is to directly benefit one million units (10 lakh units) over the next 10 years by financing 100,000 units annually.

The correct answer is Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu.

In News

• Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu has secured the top position in providing tap water to people's homes according to the Jal Jeevan Mission.
• Link

Key Points

• Mahoba district of Uttar Pradesh secured the second position in the country and the first position in the state with 80.84% work completion.
• The Jal Jeevan Mission aims to provide drinking water through pipelines to every household, with different districts having different goals.
• The progress of the mission is tracked online, and the Central Government releases rankings based on progress.
• Uttar Pradesh has shown significant progress in the mission, with seven districts among the top 10 in the country.

Additional Information

• Top 10 districts in Jal Jeevan Mission:
• Nilgiri Tamil Nadu 81.48 percent
• Mahoba Uttar Pradesh 80.84 percent
• Cuddalore Tamil Nadu 80.06 percent
• Meerut Uttar Pradesh 79.75 percent
• Lalitpur Uttar Pradesh 77.61 percent
• Tiruvannamalai Tamil Nadu 77.07 percent
• Mirzapur Uttar Pradesh 76.04 percent
• Hapur Uttar Pradesh 76.66 percent
• Hamirpur Uttar Pradesh 76.55 percent
• Bulandshahr U.P. 76.40 percent

Important Points

• Prime Minister launched Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) on 73rd Independence Day i.e. 15 August 2019 from the ramparts of Red Fort.
• It aims at providing potable water at the service level of 55 liters per capita per day (LPCD) to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) by 2024.
• In addition, to enable individuals, trusts, foundations, corporate and industrial houses to contribute to furthering the objective of the JJM, Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh is being set up.
• Basics about Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM):
• The main objective of the Mission is to provide a piped water supply (Har Ghar Jal) to all rural households by 2024.
• New Ministry- Jal Shakti Mantralaya is looking after this mission to manage water resources and water supply in an integrated and holistic manner all across the country.
• It will focus on integrated demand and supply-side management of water at the local level, including the creation of local infrastructure for source sustainability like rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, and management of household wastewater for reuse in agriculture.
• The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) will converge with other Central and State Government Schemes to achieve its objectives of sustainable water supply management across the country.
• Implementing Agency: Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation under the Jal Shakti Ministry
• Funding and its pattern in JJM:
• The project is estimated to cost Rs 3.60 lakh crore, with the central and state government share of 2.08 and 1.52 lakh crore respectively.
• The percentage share of the Union government and State Government for implementation in non-Northeast and non-Himalayan states will be 50:50.
• In the case of N-E and Himalayan states, and UT with a legislature, the funding pattern will be 90:10.
• In Union Territories without a legislature, the Centre will bear the full cost of the program.
• Basics about Ministry of Jal Shakti:
• Ministry of Jal Shakti was formed by merging the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
• Founded: May 2019
• Minister: C R Paatil (as on 06/08/2024)

The correct answer is Swachh Bharat.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi received the 'Global Goalkeeper Award' from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
• The award was conferred on 24th September 2019, during the United Nations General Assembly session in New York.
• The recognition was for the successful implementation of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a nationwide cleanliness and sanitation campaign.
• Under this mission, over 11 crore toilets were constructed, significantly improving sanitation facilities across India.

Additional Information

• The Global Goalkeeper Award recognizes political leaders who have demonstrated commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals through impactful work in their country or globally.
• Prime Minister Modi dedicated the award to the people of India, highlighting their role in transforming the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan into a mass movement.
• The campaign aimed to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management, contributing to better public health and environmental outcomes.
• Receiving the award on the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi added symbolic significance, aligning with Gandhi's emphasis on cleanliness.
• The success of the mission has been attributed to strong political will, community participation, and effective implementation strategies.
• The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has served as a model for other nations seeking to improve sanitation and public health.

The correct answer is MISSION ISHAN. 

In News

• The official name of India's "one nation, one airspace" initiative is Mission ISHAN.

Key Points

• Objective: The primary goal of Mission ISHAN is to unify India’s four airspace regions into a single managed area, enhancing air traffic management.
• Management Hub: The unified air traffic operations will be controlled from Nagpur, centralizing functions to improve efficiency and safety.
• Expected Benefits: By consolidating airspace management**, the program aims to reduce flight times, decrease congestion, and increase overall airspace capacity.**
• Impacts on Industry: This initiative is particularly crucial due to the projected growth in India's aviation sector, with expectations of domestic passenger traffic doubling by 2030.
• Strategic Importance: Mission ISHAN is part of broader efforts to support the increasing demands on India's aviation infrastructure and to foster economic growth through improved air travel efficiencies.
• Significance for Stakeholders: The unified system is anticipated to benefit airlines with smoother operations and passengers with shorter flying times, thereby enhancing the overall travel experience.

The correct answer is Fifth Plan, due to a change in government.

Key Points

• The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978) was the first plan to be terminated prematurely.
• This plan was terminated by the newly elected Janata Party government in 1978.
• The termination occurred due to the government's shift in economic policy direction.
• The Janata Party government replaced the Fifth Plan with a Rolling Plan for 1978-1980.
• The Rolling Plan aimed to provide more flexibility in planning and adjustment to changing economic conditions.

Additional Information

• Five-Year Plans in India:
• India's Five-Year Plans were centralized and integrated national economic programs.
• These plans were developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission of India.
• The first Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951 and focused on the agricultural sector.
• Planning Commission:
• The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans.
• It was established in March 1950 by a resolution of the Government of India.
• It was replaced by the NITI Aayog in January 2015.
• Janata Party:
• The Janata Party was formed in 1977 as a coalition of several opposition parties.
• It was the first non-Congress party to form a government at the center after the 1977 general elections.
• The government was led by Prime Minister Morarji Desai.
• Economic Policy Shifts:
• The Janata Party government focused on reducing government intervention in the economy.
• They aimed to promote a more market-oriented economic policy.
• This shift led to the termination of the ongoing Fifth Five-Year Plan.

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• [PIB News: The Ministry of Panchayati Raj launched the People’s Plan Campaign (Jan Yojana Abhiyan) for rural development. ](https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2061068#:~:text=The%20people's%20Plan%20Campaign%20(Jan,inclusive%20development%20in%20Grameen%20Bharat.)

Key PointsPeople’s Plan Campaign (Jan Yojana Abhiyan): 

• Launched By:
• The campaign has been launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• Aim:
• The campaign is themed ‘Sabki Yojana Sabka Vikas’ and focuses on the preparation of Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDPs) for the year 2025–26.
• Special Gram Sabhas are being organized in over 2.55 lakh Gram Panchayats to strengthen grassroots democracy and promote inclusive development.
• Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Significance:
• Empowers rural citizens to actively shape the future of their villages and strengthens grassroots democracy.
• Scope:
• Aims to involve community participation in development plans, ensuring that the needs and aspirations of rural citizens are reflected in the GPDPs.
• Inclusive Development:
• Promotes inclusive development in Grameen Bharat, aiming for equitable growth across all rural areas.

The correct answer is Uttarakhand Government

In News

• Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami initiated the "Pirul Lao-Paise Pao" Mission in Rudraprayag district to address the forest fire situation prevalent across the state.

Key Points

• The campaign involves the collection of Pirul (pine tree leaves) from forests by local villagers and youth to prevent forest fires. These collected Pirul will be weighed and stored at designated Pirul Collection Centers.
• Participants will be compensated at the rate of Rs 50 per kilogram of Pirul, with the amount transferred directly to their bank accounts.
• Pirul collection centers will be established by Tehsildars under the supervision of Sub-Divisional Magistrates in respective areas, aiming for maximum Pirul procurement.
• The collected Pirul will be safely stored, processed, and made available to industries, coordinated by district magistrates and divisional forest officers.
• The Pollution Control Board will manage this mission with a separate corpus fund of Rs 50 crores, ensuring timely payments to villagers for their Pirul contributions.
• In Uttarakhand, the annual production of Pirul is estimated to be around 1.8 million tons, posing significant environmental and forest conservation challenges due to its inflammable nature and slow decomposition rate.

The correct answer is TRYSEM.

Key Points

• TRYSEM stands for Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment.
• It was launched by the Government of India in 1979.
• The objective of TRYSEM is to provide technical and entrepreneurial skills to rural youths to enable them to seek employment in various sectors or start their own enterprises.
• It targets individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 years.
• Special focus is given to weaker sections of society, including Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and women.
• The programme aims to reduce rural unemployment and poverty by equipping youths with marketable skills.

 Additional Information

• IRDP
• IRDP stands for Integrated Rural Development Programme.
• It was launched in 1978 and extended in 1980.
• The primary objective is to provide opportunities for self-employment to the rural poor.
• NREGA
• NREGA stands for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, now known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).
• It was enacted in 2005 and aims to provide at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household.
• SEPY
• SEPY is not a commonly recognized acronym in government employment schemes, hence not relevant in this context.

The correct answer is 2018.

Key Points

• Samagra Shiksha was launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
• The scheme aims to provide a holistic education from pre-school to class 12.
• It subsumes three earlier centrally sponsored schemes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE).
• The focus is on quality education and improving learning outcomes of students.
• The scheme emphasizes the use of technology to enhance teaching and learning processes.

Additional Information

• Objectives:
• To ensure inclusive and equitable quality education from pre-school to senior secondary.
• To improve the quality of school education by focusing on the two T's – Teacher and Technology.
• Components:
• School infrastructure development including construction of classrooms, laboratories, and toilets.
• Provision for sports and physical education.
• Inclusive Education:
• Emphasis on education for children with special needs (CWSN).
• Scholarships and incentives for girl students and children from marginalized communities.
• Digital Initiatives:
• Promotion of digital education through initiatives like DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing).
• Use of ICT in teaching-learning processes.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

The total expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in the 2024-25 Bihar budget is expected to decrease slightly by 12% compared to the revised estimates of the previous year (2023-24). This shift towards fiscal prudence aligns with the government's goal of managing the state's finances responsibly.

Here are some other notable aspects of the Bihar Budget 2024-25:

• Capital Outlay: This budget allocation, crucial for creating long-term assets and infrastructure, also experiences a reduction of 26% compared to the 2023-24 revised estimates. While this might raise questions about prioritizing infrastructure development, other areas like agriculture and social welfare initiatives seem to be receiving increased focus.
• Debt Repayment: The state plans to repay ₹22,393 crore of its existing debt, signifying a commitment to managing the debt burden and improving the state's financial health.
• Revenue and Receipts:
• While the total expenditure is expected to decrease, the budget projects revenue (excluding borrowings) to increase by approximately 5.7% compared to the previous year's estimates.
• The government aims to achieve this through various measures, including improved tax collection efficiency and exploring new avenues for revenue generation.
• Focus Areas: Even with the overall decrease in expenditure, the budget prioritizes specific sectors, allocating funds for:
• Social Sector: This remains a significant focus area, accounting for nearly 48% of the total expenditure, with continued emphasis on education, healthcare, and social welfare programs.

The correct answer is Jeevika Scheme 

Key Points

• “JEEVIKA” is an initiative of the Bihar Government for Poverty Attenuation.
• JEEVIKA Scheme:
• JEEVIKA – Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project, is a Government of Bihar Project assisted by the World Bank.
• It aims to empower the rural poor by creating self-managed community institutions and enhancing incomes through sustainable livelihoods.
• The project is striving to bring a change in the lives of about 5 lakh poor families of Bihar by promoting livelihoods through community institutions, their federation, and producer’s groups.
• The scheme aims at employment generation, financial inclusion, poverty attenuation, public distribution, etc.

Additional Information

Ladli Behna Scheme

• The then Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan of Madhya Pradesh announced the launch of 'Laadli Bahna Yojana' in Narmadapuram
• In this scheme, poor sisters of all classes will get one thousand rupees per month and if they are getting the benefit of other schemes, then they will continue to get it as before.
• On this scheme in 5 years an estimated 60 thousand crore rupees will be spent.

Bihar Udyami Yojana

• Under this scheme, out of the Rs 10 lakh incentive amount, Rs 5 lakh will be provided as a grant and Rs 5 lakh as an interest-free loan.
• This scheme will also reduce the unemployment rate by promoting industries.
• The Bihar government has set a budget of Rs 102 crore for Bihar Mukhyamantri Udyami Yojana 2023, in their budget of 2023-24.

Har Ghar Bijli Lagatar

• This scheme aims to ensure the availability of electricity in all urban and rural households in the State of Bihar.
• The houses that did not have an electricity connection will be covered under this scheme.
• This scheme aims to give an electricity connection to 50 lakh households.
• The Har Ghar Bijli Lagatar scheme’s main objective is to provide a free electricity connection to all the houses in Bihar.
• Around 50% of the APL (above poverty line) families in rural Bihar without an electricity connection will be covered under this free electricity connection scheme.

The correct answer is Basic literacy and numeracy for early grades.

Key Points

• The NIPUN Bharat Mission was launched by the Ministry of Education in July 2021.
• NIPUN stands for National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy.
• The mission aims to ensure that every child in India attains foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) by the end of Grade 3, by 2026-27.
• It focuses on covering learning needs from the pre-primary to Grade 3.
• The initiative is part of the Samagra Shiksha scheme and aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

Additional Information

• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:
• NEP 2020 emphasizes early childhood care and education (ECCE) and foundational literacy and numeracy.
• It aims to provide universal access to quality education from pre-school to secondary level.
• The policy advocates for a holistic, flexible, multidisciplinary approach to education.
• It includes the integration of vocational education and focuses on the development of 21st-century skills.
• Samagra Shiksha Scheme:
• Samagra Shiksha is an integrated scheme for school education from pre-school to class XII.
• It aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels.
• The scheme includes components like teacher education, digital education, and strengthening of infrastructure.
• It was launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Education.
• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN):
• FLN refers to the ability to read and comprehend basic texts and perform basic arithmetic operations.
• It is considered essential for continued learning and academic success.
• FLN is targeted to be achieved for all children by the end of Grade 3.
• It is a key focus area under the NIPUN Bharat Mission.
• Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE):
• ECCE is a crucial developmental phase that covers children from birth to the age of eight.
• It aims to ensure holistic development and readiness for school education.
• NEP 2020 emphasizes the importance of ECCE for achieving foundational literacy and numeracy.
• Quality ECCE programs include health, nutrition, and early learning interventions.

The correct answer is NABARD.

Key Points

• NABARD stands for National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
• It was established on 12 July 1982 by an act of the Parliament.
• The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was formulated by NABARD to provide timely and adequate credit to farmers for their agricultural needs.
• The KCC scheme aims to provide a single window for farmers to meet their short-term credit requirements for cultivation, post-harvest expenses, and other needs.
• KCC also covers the working capital requirement for animal husbandry and fisheries.
• The scheme helps in reducing the farmers’ dependency on moneylenders and ensures that they get credit at a reasonable rate of interest.
• It provides insurance coverage to farmers in case of crop failure due to natural calamities, pests, and diseases.

 Additional Information

• RBI
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India, responsible for regulating the country's monetary policy.
• It was established on 1 April 1935 and was nationalized in 1949.
• RBI does not directly involve in the creation of credit schemes like KCC but oversees the banking sector to ensure stability and growth.
• SBI
• The State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest public sector bank in India.
• It was established on 1 July 1955 and has its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• SBI implements the KCC scheme as per guidelines provided by NABARD.
• ICICI
• ICICI Bank is a leading private sector bank in India, established in 1994.
• It offers a wide range of banking products and services but is not involved in the creation of the KCC scheme.
• ICICI Bank also participates in the implementation of the KCC scheme to benefit farmers.

National child welfare schemes are implemented to ensure the overall well-being and development of children in the country.

• These schemes focus on improving the health, education, and social conditions of children, particularly those from disadvantaged or vulnerable backgrounds.

Key Points

• The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a key national child welfare scheme in India.
• It is designed to promote the holistic development of children under the age of six and also provides services for pregnant women and lactating mothers.
• The services offered under ICDS include health check-ups, immunization, supplementary nutrition, and early childhood education.

Hint

• United Grant Commission (UGC) primarily deals with higher education and does not focus on child welfare.
• NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) is involved in the development of educational curriculum and resources but is not specifically a child welfare scheme.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Integrated child development services'.

The correct answer is Rs 2.61 Lakh Crore

Key Points

• The total proposed budget expenditure of Rs 2,61,885.40 crore, for the year 2023-24, was “Rs 24,194.21 crore more” than the previous financial year.
• Presenting the budget, Finance Minister Vijay Kumar Choudhary claimed that Bihar’s economy has almost tripled in the last 10 years. The state’s gross domestic product was Rs 2.47 lakh crore in 2011-12, which has increased to Rs 6.75 lakh crore in 2022-23.
• Important points of Bihar Budget 2023:
• Bihar government will provide employment to 10 lakh youth. Apart from giving government jobs to the youth, employment will be created by instilling self-reliance and self-confidence in them.
• Sports University is being established in Rajgir to promote sports.
• 50 crores will be given for cycle scheme, 100 crores for girl child promotion scheme and 100 crores for dress.
• An arrangement of Rs 60 crore has been made for women empowerment scheme. Apart from this, a provision of Rs 94 crore has been made for the scholarship of 10th pass girl students. On the other hand, an amount of 5540 crore has been earmarked for Patna Medical College.
• A provision of Rs 94.5 crore has been made for those who passed in the first division in the matriculation examination of the Bihar School Examination Board.
• In the Bihar Budget 2023, a provision of Rs 3323 crore has been made for the construction of bypasses in urban areas and in the energy sector.
• There is a plan to promote solar energy in the budget. Provision has been made for 5% exemption in holding tax for those installing water harvesting systems.

The correct answer is ₹8 lakh.

Key Points

• The Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana is aimed at providing financial assistance to women in the state.
• Women whose family’s annual income is less than ₹8 lakh are eligible for the scheme.
• The scheme focuses on improving the socio-economic status of women in the state.
• It is part of the state government's broader initiative to support underprivileged sections of society.

Additional Information

• Eligibility Criteria: Apart from the income criteria, the scheme may have other eligibility conditions such as residence, age, and social status.
• Application Process: Interested applicants can apply through designated government offices or online portals as specified by the state government.
• Documentation: Applicants need to submit relevant documents like income certificates, identity proof, and residential proof.
• Other Benefits: The scheme may include additional benefits like skill development programs, healthcare support, and educational assistance for eligible women.

The correct answer is Promote transparency in school education.

Key Points

• The Shagun portal is an initiative by the Ministry of Education to promote transparency and accountability in the school education system.
• Launched to monitor the performance and progress of government schools and school-related schemes.
• Provides a platform for stakeholders to view the status and updates of various educational schemes and their implementation.
• Aims to ensure better governance and efficient management of school education across the country.
• Encourages community participation and feedback to improve the quality of education.

Additional Information

• Samagra Shiksha
• Integrated scheme for school education extending from pre-school to class 12.
• Aims to provide equitable and inclusive quality education.
• Focuses on improving school infrastructure, teacher training, and learning outcomes.
• Performance Grading Index (PGI)
• Assessment tool to evaluate the performance of states and UTs in school education.
• Helps identify gaps and prioritize areas for intervention.
• Encourages states to adopt best practices for enhancing education quality.
• Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+)
• Comprehensive database for school education in India.
• Provides information on key performance indicators and helps in data-driven decision making.
• Essential for planning, monitoring, and policy formulation.
• Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing (DIKSHA)
• National platform for school education offering e-learning resources.
• Supports teachers, students, and parents with various educational tools and content.
• Aims to enhance the teaching-learning process through digital means.

The correct answer is Rs 25,270 crore

Key Points

• Sector-wise expenditure: The sectors listed below account for 66% of the total expenditure on sectors in 2023-24.  A comparison of Bihar’s expenditure on key sectors with that by other states is shown in below table

The correct answer is Adopt a Heritage. 

In News

• The Archaeological Survey of India has envisioned the ‘Adopt a Heritage 2.0’ program.

Key Points

• The monuments include Qutub Minar, Purana Qila, Elephanta Caves, Agra Fort, Bhimbetka, Group of Temples Khajuraho, Safdarjung Tomb, Mamallapuram, Area between Jamali Kamali and Balban’s Tomb Sun temple, Konark.
• ​Under this scheme, ASI will sign Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with various agencies for the adoption of monuments.
• Selected agencies will commit to maintaining specific monuments and enhancing visitors' experiences.
• The scheme underscores the importance of collaboration in safeguarding India's diverse heritage.
• Minister of State, Smt. Meenakashi Lekhi, and other dignitaries will oversee the signing of MoUs at the launch event.