SSC CHSL Previous Paper 22 (Held On: 16 Oct 2020 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is "CDAB".

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the sentence given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.
• Part ‘A’ starts with the conjunction 'while'.
• Let us see some information about "While":
• "While" is not used only used to introduce adverbial clauses of time.
• In more formal usage, it is used to link or balance ideas that contrast each other:
• Part ‘B’ is providing the conclusion, and Part 'C' is directly connected to Part 'D'.
• Therefore the starting part is Part ‘C’.
• Part ‘D’ is the successor of Part 'C' with as Part 'D' is explaining about traits which are discussed in Part 'C'.
• Therefore, Part ‘D’ follows Part ‘C’.
• Part ‘A’ is giving further information about the subject.
• Therefore, Part ‘A’ follows Part ‘D’.
• Part ‘B’ is providing a conclusion to the context.
• Therefore, Part ‘B’ follows Part 'A'.
• Thus, the correct order is "CDAB".​

Additional Information

• Let us see the meaning of the word "Possess"::
• ​Possess: have as belonging to one; own.
• Let us look at the sentence with the word "Possess"::
• ​I do not possess a television set.

The correct answer is "Invincible".

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of the word "Invincible":
• Invincible: too powerful to be defeated or overcome.
• Lets us see the use of the word "Invincible" in a sentence:
• Last year the company seemed invincible but in recent weeks has begun to have problems.

Additional Information

• Now let's see the meanings of other words:
  

 

The correct answer is “Messanger”.

Key Points

• Out of all the options, the incorrectly spelt word is "Messanger".
• Its correct spelling is "Messenger".
• Now, let us see the meaning of "Messenger".
• Messenger: a person who carries a message or is employed to carry messages.
• Hence, the correct answer is “Messenger”.

Additional Information

Let’s see the meaning of other given words:

​

Confusion Points

• There can be some confusion among the words "Massage", "Amass" and "Messanger" to identify their correct spelling.
• "Massage" and "Message", both are correct words but different in meaning.
• "A mass" and "Amass" are also correct but different in meaning.
• "Messanger" is the incorrect word while "Messenger" is the correct word.

The correct answer is "The manager said that she wanted me to attend the conference".

Key Points

• Necessary steps to form the indirect form of the given sentence are as follows:
• Omit all inverted commas or quotation marks.
• 'That' is inserted after the helping verb of the subject.
• Here, the helping verb after the subject "The manager" is "said".
• End the sentence with a full stop.
• Use pronouns appropriately.
• If the verb inside the inverted commas/quotation marks is in the present tense, change it into the corresponding past tense.
• In this question, the given Direct Speech is in 'Present Simple' Tense, so it will be changed to 'Past Simple' Tense for Indirect Speech.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "The manager said that she wanted me to attend the conference".

Additional Information​

• Let us understand the meaning of "Conference":
• Conference: a formal meeting of people with a shared interest, typically one that takes place over several days.
• Example: 
• An international conference on the environment was conducted.

The correct answer is **"**Describe".

Key Points

• The passage is all about "Why India’s native crops need to be saved from extinction".
• Let's find out the usage of the words given in options:
• "Described" is in Simple Past Tense Tense of "Describe" that is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now..
• "Describe" means give a detailed account in words of and it is used after "would".
• "Describing" is the Present Continuous Tense of "Describe" that can be used to describe when an action happened or may happen.
• "Describes" is in Simple Present Tense of the verb which is used with a singular noun.

→  "What you would _________ (1) _________ as exotic varieties of food". If we try to put all the words in the blank one by one, we find that "described", "describing" and "describes" will not fit here grammatically as their meanings are not satisfying the context. So the correct answer is "describe".

Additional Information

• Let us see the meaning of the word "Extinction":
• Extinction: the fact or process of a species, family, or another group of animals or plants becoming extinct.
• Example:
• Preventing the extinction of this unique frog will require the restoration of ponds and surrounding habitats.

The correct answer is "Mostly"

Key Points

• The passage is all about "Why India’s native crops need to be saved from extinction".
• Let's find out the usage of the words given in options:
• "Openly" means without concealment, deception, or prevarication, especially where these might be expected; frankly or honestly.
• "Incredibly" means to a great degree; extremely.
• "Mostly" means as regards the greater part or number.
• "Surprisingly" means in a way that causes surprise; unexpectedly.

→  "today are _________ (2) _________ indigenous crops that belong to a specific region". If we try to put all the words in the blank one by one, we find that "openly", "incredibly" and "surprisingly" will not fit here contextually as their meanings are not satisfying the context. So the correct answer is "mostly".

Additional Information

• Let us see the meaning of the word "Indigenous":
• Indigenous: originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
• Example:
• He is more indigenous even than the natives.

The correct answer is "Native".

Key Points

• The passage is all about "Why India’s native crops need to be saved from extinction".
• Let's find out the usage of the words given in options:
• "Global" means relating to the whole world; worldwide.
• "Foreign" means of, from, in, or characteristic of a country or language other than one's own.
• "New" means produced, introduced, or discovered recently or now for the first time; not existing before.
• "Native" means a person born in a specified place or associated with a place by birth, whether subsequently resident there or not.

→  "Many such (3) crops have gone extinct". If we try to put all the words in the blank one by one, we find that "global", "foreign" and "new" will not fit here contextually as their meanings are not satisfying the context. So the correct answer is "native".

Additional Information

• Let us see the meaning of the word "Extinct":
• Extinct: (of a species, family, or other groups of animals or plants) having no living members; no longer in existence.
• Example:
• Trilobites and dinosaurs are extinct.

The correct answer is "Becoming".

Key Points

• The passage is all about "Why India’s native crops need to be saved from extinction".
• Let's find out the usage of the words given in options:
• "Have become" is in Present Perfect Tense that is used to represent an action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
• "Becoming" is in Present Continuous Tense that can be used to describe when an action happened or may happen.
• "Becomes" is in Simple Present Tense to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes.
• "Became" is in Simple Past Tense that is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now.

→  "But with Indian households _________ (4) _________ more conscious about healthy eating and the natural benefits of consuming local food,". If we try to put all the words in the blank one by one, we find that "have become", "becomes" and "became" will not fit here grammatically as their meanings are not satisfying the context. So the correct answer is "Becoming".

Additional Information

• Let us see the meaning of the word "Conscious":
• Conscious: aware of and responding to one's surroundings.
• Example:
• Although I was in pain, I was conscious.

The correct answer is "Awareness".

Key Points

• The passage is all about "Why India’s native crops need to be saved from extinction".
• Let's find out the usage of the words given in options:
• "Experience" means practical contact with and observation of facts or events.
• "Intelligence" means the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.
• "Apprehension" means anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
• "Awareness" means knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.

→  "_________ (5) _________  is increasing among both consumers and farmers". If we try to put all the words in the blank one by one, we find that "experience", "intelligence" and "apprehension" will not fit here grammatically as their meanings are not satisfying the context. So the correct answer is "awareness".

Additional Information

• Let us see the use of the word "Experience" in a sentence:
• He had learned his lesson by painful experience.
• Let us see the use of the word "Intelligence" in a sentence:
• An eminent man of great intelligence is present with us today.
• Let us see the use of the word "Apprehension": in a sentence:
• He felt sick with apprehension.
• Let us see the use of the word "Awareness" in a sentence:
• We need to raise public awareness of the issue.

The correct answer is 'entrance'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate word of the given fill in the blank is 'entrance'.
• We know that the most appropriate phrase is 'Entrance examination'. We know that the entrance examination is cleared.
• Entrance exams are the ones that we take to be accepted into a school, etc.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2. 
  

Correct Answer: You've cleared the entrance examination, haven't you?

Additional Information

• The given sentence is an example of a question tag. Some rules of the question tag as follows:
• If the verb is in the past simple we use did. 
• Example: They went to the cinema, didn't they?
• When the statement contains a word with a negative meaning, the question tag needs to be positive. 
• Example: They rarely eat in restaurants, do they?
• In the above example 'rarely' is a negative word. Therefore, a positive question tag will be used.

The correct answer is 'had been doing'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• The correct answer is Option 4 because the doctor is assuring that the person would recover and would be able to do the work that he had been doing before/for a long time.
• The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect progressive tense) shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using had been + the verb’s present participle (root + -ing).
• And we also know that 'before' used to connect earlier events to the moment of speaking or to a point of time in the past. 
• Example: I introduced Tom to Olivia last night. They hadn’t met before. (up to that point in the past)
• Here, in the given question 'before' is used 'to a point of time in the past.'
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4. 
  

​

Correct Answer: My doctor knew that I would eventually recover and do the kind of word I had been doing before. 

Additional Information

• The structure of Present Perfect Continuous:
• Subject+has/have+been+v1+ing+object+since/for+time.  
• ​Example: Monika has been waiting here for two hours.

The correct answer is 'Parting hit'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom is 'Parting hit'.
• Parthian shot: Parting hit is another term for 'Parting hit'. The meaning of it is: a remark that you make when you are leaving so that it has a stronger effect
• Example: In a Parthian shot, the departing president is wrapping himself in a spurious mantle of civil liberty.
• By reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 1. 
  

​

Correct Answer: Parting hit. 

Additional Information

• The story behind the idiom 'Parthian Shot' as follows: 
• The Parthian shot is a light horse military tactic made famous by the Parthians, an ancient Iranian people.
• While being in real or feigned retreat, their horse archers would turn their bodies back in full gallop to shoot at the pursuing enemy.
• The maneuver required superb equestrian skills since the rider's hands were occupied by his composite bow.
• As the stirrup had not been invented at the time of the Parthians, the rider relied solely on pressure from his legs to guide his horse.

The correct answer is 'Evanescent'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate one-word of the given statement is 'Evanescent'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given options:

 

 

• Therefore, by reading the above explanations we find that the correct answer is Option 4. 
  

​

Correct Answer: Evanescent.

The correct answer is 'CABD.' 

Key Points

• The given question is an example of Sentence Jumble.
• We know that the first statement of a sentence jumbled question is usually an independent general statement, a noun, a universal fact, starting of an incident, or it starts with 'most' or 'once'.
• Here, in the given question Part C will be the first sentence because it is the starting of an incident. 'In the week before the elections, trucks bumped up...' the given sentence is clearly talking about an election rally. Therefore, it will be the first sentence.
• Part C is talking about the 'trucks bumped up and down...'. It is talking about 'Vijay who was a bus conductor, and he was always there'.
• Part C will be the next sentence because Part A tells us about the old job of 'VIjay' and he joined politics. Therefore, it will be the next sentence.
• Part D will come last because it concludes who 'Vijay' is.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3. 
  

​

Correct Answer: In the week before the elections, trucks bumped up and down the dirty streets of Laxmangarh, full of young men holding microphones and shouting: "Stand up to the rich!". Vijay, the bus conductor, was always there in one of these trucks. He had now quit his old job and joined politics. That was the thing about Vijay; each time you saw him, he had done better to himself.

The correct answer is 'A very interesting story was narrated by my friend at the International Storytelling Festival.' 

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Active Voice. As per the given question we have to change it into Passive Voice.
• The process of transformation as follows: 
• 'My friend' is the subject of the given sentence.
• The object of the given sentence is 'A very interesting story'.
• The subject will be put in place of the object and the object will be put in place of the subject.
• 'Narrated' will be changed into 'was narrated'. We know that in Active to Passive transformation second form of verb is changed into 'Was+V₃'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3. 
  

​

Correct Answer: A very interesting story was narrated by my friend at the International Storytelling Festival.​ 

Additional Information

• Transformation of Infinitives: 
• Subject+is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had+to+V1+Object. (Active Voice)
• Subject (objective case)+is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had+to+be+V3+by+object (Subjective case). (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• The teacher is to solve the doubt of every student.
• The doubt of every student is to be solved by the teacher.

The correct answer is 'Intelligible'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word is 'Intelligible'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the options given above:

 

 

• Therefore, by reading the above definition we find that the correct answer is Option 4. 
  

​

Correct Answer: Intelligible.

The correct answer is 'are became'. 

Key Points

• The erroneous Part 'are became' should be 'has become'.
• The given sentence has two errors. Here, the present perfect tense should be used because this tense is used with work started in the part and at present just finished.
• First, 'has' should be used because the main subject of the given sentence is 'the demolition'.
• And the second error 'became' should be 'become' because with 'has' auxiliary verb 'past participle form' should be used.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1. 
  

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Correct Answer: According to environment activists, the demolition of unauthorized apartment complexes has become a lesson for land encroachers.  

Additional Information

• The other usage of Present Perfect Tense:
• Time Expression: If time expression is mentioned at the last of a sentence or a word like since, for, how long, whole, all, throughout, all along is mentioned then the sentence should be in present perfect. 
• Example: I have worked here since I graduated from school.

The correct answer is 'Reduce'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word is 'Reduce'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given words in the options:

 

 

• By reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 2. 
  

​

Correct Answer: Reduce.

The correct answer is 'those'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect. We know that here 'those' should be used.
• We use 'this' and 'that' with a singular noun.
• And we use 'these' and 'those' with a plural noun. 'These' is the plural version of 'this' and 'those' is the plural version of 'that'.
• We use ''this/these'' to refer to people and things, situations, and experiences that are close to the speaker or very close in time.
• We use that/those to refer to people and things, situations, and experiences that are more distant, either in time or physically.
• In the given sentence 'students' is plural. And the given sentence is talking about a situation that is distant in time.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3. 
  

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Correct Answer: The teacher said that all those students who did not complete the tasks in the given time should attempt it again.

The correct answer is 'complaint'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to the given fill in the blank is 'complaint'.
• We know that Complaint is the noun. Usually referred to in official terms. Basically means a grievance or issue against a person.
• Example: He filed a formal complaint about his rude behaviour in class.
• Whereas, ''complain'' is a verb and denotes an action done by the complaint. It means to express grievance against an issue or happening.
• And we know that after the article 'a' we should use a noun.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3. 
  

​

Correct Answer: complaint. 

Additional Information

• We should use no article before abstract nous when it is used in a general sense. 

• Example: 

• The punctuality is the soul of business.

• Punctuality is the soul of business.

The correct answer is 'Compulsory'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym of the given word is 'Compulsory'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given options:

• Therefore, by reading the above explanations we find that the correct answer is Option 3. ​

• दिए गए शब्द का सबसे उपयुक्त antonym 'Compulsory' है।

• आइए दिए गए विकल्पों के अर्थ और उदाहरण देखें:

The correct answer is 'Disparaging'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word is 'Disparaging'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given options:

 

 

• Therefore, by reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 2. 
  

​

Correct Answer: Disparaging.

The correct answer is 'Dimention'. 

Key Points

• In the given question Option 3 is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is 'Dimension'.
• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the given options:

 

 

• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3. 
  

​

Correct Answer: Dimention.

The correct answer is 'has to make'. 

Key Points

• The erroneous Part 'has to make' should be 'had to make'.
• We know that the given sentence is in the past tense.
• And 'Had to' is used to talk about necessity and obligation that existed in the past. 'Had to' is the past tense form of 'have to'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1. 
  

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Correct Answer: A Delhi-bound aircraft had to make an emergency landing at Mumbai airport as a woman passenger suddenly developed a serious breathing problem.

Additional Information

• The following phrases are followed by past indefinite/simple tense:
• It's high time, It's Time, It's about time, etc.
• Example: It's high time I started preparing for the exam in Hindi Literature.

The correct answer is 'Allowed to escape from blame'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom is 'Allowed to escape from blame' (दोष से बचने की अनुमति देना'।).
• Let off the hook: to allow (someone who has been caught doing something wrong or illegal) to go without being punished; (अनुमति देना (कोई व्यक्ति जो कुछ गलत या अवैध करते हुए पकड़ा गया है) बिना दंडित किए जाने के लिए)
• Example: If you ask me, they let him off the hook too easily.
• Therefore, by reading the above definition we find that the correct answer is Option 4.

 Correct Answer: *Allowed to escape from blame.*​

The pattern followed here is:

In triangle, addition of bottom digits = center digit + topmost digit.

Example: in triangle 1:

2 + 8 = 5 + 5

also,

in triangle 2:

10 + 9 = 16 + 3

Similarly,

7 + 8 = ? + 1;

? = 15 - 1

? = 14

Hence, 14 is the correct answer.

Given series:

a_cd_cba_bcddc_a

Using options:

aacd / dcba / cbcd / dcba

not following any pattern

aacd / acba / bbcd / dcaa

not following any pattern

abcd / acba / bbcd / dcda

not following any pattern

4)

abcd / dcba / abcd / dcba

following pattern

Hence, bdab is the correct answer.

Concept Used:

 $Triangles = n× {{n + 1} \over2}×H$

Where, 

n= number of small triangles

H = number of ‘end to end’ horizontal lines

→ In, ∆ABC:

n= number of small triangles = 4

H = number of ‘end to end’ horizontal lines = 1 (i.e. BC)

$Triangles = 4× {{4 + 1} \over2}×1 = 10$

Hence, Total triangles in ∆ABC = 10

<br>

→ In, ∆AGH: 

<br>

n= number of small triangles = 3

H = number of ‘end to end’ horizontal lines = 1 (i.e. GH)

$Triangles = 3× {{3 + 1} \over2}×1 = 6$

Hence, Total triangles in ∆AGH = 6

<br>

→ Now Adding all the ∆s:

Total ∆s = 10 + 6 = 16

Hence, there are 16 triangles.

There are two series simultaneously going.

Addition by 1 is done by skipping one alphabet in both up and down. The pattern is:

Hence, M will replace the question mark.

In the given figure top right corner has a square term.

The left corner digit + bottom digit = square root of right corner digit.

Root of 169 = 13, and 7 + 6 = 13

Similarly,

Root of 121 = 11, and 9 + 2 = 11

Also,

9 + 7 = 16, and square of 16 = 256

Hence, 256 will replace question mark

In the given coded form:

The numbers are first decreasing and then increasing by 1

4 - 1 = 3

5 + 1 = 6

8 - 1 = 7

6 + 1 = 7

9 - 1 = 8

3 + 1 = 4

Similarly,

742351 will be coded as 651442

Hence, 651442 is the coded form.

The number is shifted as follows:

Ist IInd IIIrd : IInd Ist IIIrd

2 1 5 = 1 2 5

Similarly,

4 1 5 = 1 4 5

Hence, 145 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

5 × 1 = 5;

5 × 3 = 15;

15 × 5 = 75;

75 × 7 = 525;

525 × 9 = 4725

Hence 4725 is the correct answer.

The logical and meaningful order can be increasing or decreasing order.

From option it is clear that we have to do in increasing order because each option has 4 at first which is Mili Gram (smallest)

Mili Gram < Gram < Kilo Gram < Quintal < Ton

Hence, correct order is 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 5

Given:

 Mr. and Mrs. Gajanan (+ 2)  has five daughters (+ 5) and each daughter has one brother.

Each daughter has one brother this means if there is a boy in the family he will be the brother of all sister. So there is one brother (+ 1)

Adding all of them;

2 + 5 + 1 = 8

There are 8 people in the family.

In the given clusters:

The pattern followed here is:

First letter is at fourth place, Second letter is at 2nd place, Third letter is at first place and Fourth letter is at third place.

Option 1 is not following the pattern as its first letter is at second place and other also not at correct place.

Hence, LICK : ILCK is different from rest.

The mirror image will make right side toward left and left side toward right.

The correct mirror image will be;

Hence, Option 2 gives mirror image.

In the given numbers in options all are the cube of some numbers except one;

1728 = 12³

2307 ≠ to any cube 

2197 = 13³

1331 = 11³

Hence, 2306 is alike from given options.

Given:

 'A' denotes 'dogs'

B' denotes 'cats'

'C' denotes 'fishes'

'D' denotes 'mangooses' 

'E' denotes 'rats'

'F' denotes 'rabbits'.

The diagram of the shaded part for area dogs, fishes, and the mangoose are given below

  

Hence, the intersection of D, A and C is the correct answer.

Given:

A will be opposite of D

B will be opposite of F

C will be opposite of E

Using options:

Can be formed as no alphabet is opposite to other according to the given information

Can't be formed as B and F are opposite to each other according to the given information

Can't be formed as C and E are opposite to each other according to the given information

Can't be formed as C and E are opposite to each other according to the given information.

Hence, only Option 1 can make dice.

According to the given coded form, the pattern followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, IGHS is the coded form.

According to the English Alphabet series with positional value:

The pattern followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, LMICMBFX is the coded language.

The symbol and their meanings are as follows:

According to the given information, the family tree is as follows:

Hence, Mahesh is the brother of Laxmi.

Statements:

1. All squares are rectangles.
2. All rectangles are polygons.

According to the given statement, the Venn diagram is as follows.

Conclusions:

I. Square is not a polygon. (False, as all squares are rectangles and all rectangles are polygon. So all squares are polygon)

II. Square is both rectangle and polygon. (True, as all squares are rectangles and all rectangles are polygon. So all squares are polygon)

Hence, Only conclusion II follows.

In the given pattern of figures:

The box is not moving but the images inside is moving together in anticlockwise direction

Then the completion of image will be:

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

In the above options all the materials are a type of furniture, except Option 3

Water Filter is not a furniture, and hence is different from rest.

According to the given figure:

There is a square in the center having lines intersecting diagonally and centrally.

 

has the embedded figure.

Hence, Option 3 is the correct answer

Using option 1

÷ and –

(580 - 80) + 90 × 8 ÷ 30

According to BODMAS rule:

500 + 90 × 0.266

500 + 24

524 = 524

L.H.S = R.H.S

Using option 2

• and ÷

(580 + 80) ÷ 90 × 8 - 30

According to BODMAS rule:

660 ÷ 90 × 8 - 30;

7.33 × 8 - 30 ≠ 524

Using option 3

• and –

(580 ÷ 80) - 90 × 8 + 30

According to BODMAS rule:

7.25 - 90 × 8 + 30 ≠ 524

Using option 4

× and +

(580 ÷ 80) × 90 + 8 - 30

According to BODMAS rule:

7.25 × 90 + 8 - 30 ≠ 524

Hence, interchanging ÷ and – will make equation correct.

The above arrangement is given about the vehicle and its parking area.

Car parked in Garage

Similarly,

Aeroplane parked in Hangar

Hence, Hangar is the correct answer.

The unfolding of the paper will be shown below:

Hence, Option 2 is the correct unfolded pattern.

Given - 

a + b = 8, ab = 12

Formula used - 

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

(a³ + b³) = (a + b) (a² - ab + b²)

Solution - 

a+ b = 8, ab = 12

⇒ 8² = a² + b² + 2 × 12

⇒ a² + b² = 40

⇒ a³ + b³ = 8 × (40 - 12) = 224

∴ a³ + b³ = 224.

Short trick - 

put a = 6, b = 2 or a = 2, b = 6

⇒ Both satisfy the given expression.

⇒ a³ + b³ = 6³ + 2³ = 216 + 8 = 224

∴ a3 + b3 = 224.

Shortcut TrickGo by hit and trial method

a + b = 8 and ab = 12

put a = 6 and b = 2

∴ a³ + b³ = 224.

Given - 

LCM = 1800

the ratio between the number = 3: 4 : 5

Solution - 

Let the numbers be 3x, 4x, and 5x respectively.

⇒ LCM (3x, 4x, 5x) = 1800

⇒ 60x = 1800,  x = 30

⇒ second number = 4x = 120

∴ second number = 120.

Given:

principal = Rs. 9,000

Invested in three parts at 3%, 4% and 6% on simple interest 

Formula used:

S.I = (principal × rate × time)/100

Calculation:

Let the amount be x, y, and z respectively.

⇒ s.i = (x × 3 × 1/100) = (y × 4 × 1/100) = (z × 6 × 1/100)

⇒ x : y : z = (1/3) : (1/4) : (1/6)

⇒ x : y : z = 4 : 3 : 2

So, The amount invested at 6% = (2 × 9000/9)

⇒ Rs. 2000

∴ Amount invested at 6% is Rs, 2.000.

Given - 

Marked price = Rs. 800, Profit = 25%, Discount = 20%

Formula used - 

(cost price/marked price) = (100 - Discount)/(100 + profit)

Solution - 

Let the cost price be Rs. x.

⇒ (x/800) = (80/125)

⇒ x = (800 × 80)/125

⇒ x = Rs. 512

∴ the cost price of the article is Rs. 512

Given data:

In ΔABC,

∠ABC = 60°

∠ACB = 30°

∠BAC = 90°

AP ⊥ BC

AQ is the angle bisector of ∠PAC

⇒ ∠PAQ = ∠CAQ

Concept used:

Sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°.

Calculation:

In ΔAPC,

AP ⊥ BC

⇒ ∠APC = 90° 

∠PCA = 30° (Given)

∠APC + ∠PCA + ∠CAP = 180° 

⇒ 90° + 30° + ∠CAP = 180° 

⇒ ∠CAP = (180° - 90° - 30°)

⇒ ∠CAP = 60° 

Now, ∠CAP = ∠PAQ + ∠CAQ

⇒ 60° = 2∠PAQ    [∵ ∠PAQ = ∠CAQ (Given)]

⇒ ∠PAQ = 30°

∴ The measure of ∠PAQ is 30°.

 

In ΔAPC,

AP ⊥ BC

⇒ ∠APC = 90° 

∠ACP = 30° 

⇒ ∠PAC = 180° - (∠APC + ∠ACP)

⇒ ∠PAC = 180° - (90° + 30°) = 60° 

AQ is the angle bisector of ∠PAC

⇒ ∠PAQ = ∠CAQ

⇒ ∠PAQ = 60°/2 = 30° 

Confusion Points

In the given figure, AP is perpendicular to BC, and AQ is the bisector of angle A then,

The measure of ∠PAQ = ${\angle B - \angle C} \over 2$

Note:- But in the question, it is given that AQ is the bisector of angle PAC, not AQ is the bisector of angle A

So read the question carefully

Solution:

Given data:

Cosec θ = (x² + y²)/ (x² - y²)

Concept used:

In ΔABC,

b² = a² + c²

Sin A = a/b

Cos A = c/b

Tan A = a/c

Cosec A = b/a

Sec A = b/c

Cot A = c/a

Calculation:

Cosec θ = (x² + y²)/(x² - y²)

⇒ b = (x² + y²)

⇒ a = (x² - y²)

b² = a² + c²

⇒ (x² + y²)² = (x² - y²)² + c²

⇒ c² = (x⁴ + 2x²y² + y⁴) – (x⁴ – 2x²y² + y⁴)

⇒ c² = 4x²y²

⇒ c = 2xy      ----(Taking square root of both the sides)

Tan θ = a/c

⇒ tan θ = (x² - y²)/2xy

 

∴ The value of tan θ is (x² - y²)/2xy.

Solution:

Given data:

Cos² θ + cos⁴ θ = 1

Concept used:

Sin² θ + cos² θ = 1

Calculation:

Cos² θ + cos⁴ θ = 1

⇒ cos⁴ θ = 1 – cos² θ

∵ sin² θ = 1 – cos² θ

⇒ cos⁴ θ = sin² θ

Taking square roots of both sides,

⇒ cos² θ = sin θ      ----(1)

Sin θ + sin² θ

⇒ cos² θ + sin² θ      ----(from equation 1)

⇒ 1

∴ The value of sin θ + sin² θ is 1.

Solution:

Given data:

∠P : ∠Q : ∠R = 3 : 2 : 1

PR ⊥ RS

⇒ ∠PRS = 90°

Concept used:

The sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°.

Exterior angle = Sum of remaining two interior angles

⇒ ∠PRT = ∠QPR + ∠PQR

Calculation:

∠P : ∠Q : ∠R = 3 : 2 : 1

∠P = 3x

∠Q = 2x

∠R = x

∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180°

⇒ 3x + 2x + x = 180°

⇒ 6x = 180°

⇒ x = 30°

⇒ ∠P = 3 × 30°

⇒ 90°

⇒ ∠Q = 2 × 30°

⇒ 60°

⇒ ∠R = 1 × 30°

⇒ 30°

∠ PRT = ∠QPR + ∠PQR

⇒ 90° + 60°      ----(∵ ∠PRS = 90°)

⇒ ∠PRT = 150°

∠PRT = ∠PRS + ∠TRS      ----(Exterior angle sum)

⇒ 150° = 90° + ∠TRS

⇒ ∠TRS = 150° - 90°

⇒ ∠TRS = 60°

 

∴ The measure of ∠TRS is 60°.

Solution:

Given data:

Number of students playing mobile games 1 to 2 hours = 4

Number of students playing mobile games 2 to 3 hours = 8

Number of students playing mobile games 3 to 4 hours = 22

Number of students playing mobile games 4 to 5 hours = 32

Number of students playing mobile games 5 to 6 hours = 8

Number of students playing mobile games 6 to 7 hours = 6

Calculation:

Number of students playing mobile games for 5 hours are more = 8 + 6

⇒ 14

∴ 14 students spend 5 hours or more than 5 hours in playing mobile games per day.

Note : 

The mentioned answer is accepted in the previous year's answer key of the test conducting agency.The interpretation of language may be ambiguous but the Answer key has the same answer marked as correct.

​

Solution:

Given data:

The number of books sold in April 2019 = 900

The number of books sold in May 2019 = 800

The number of books sold in June 2019 = 500

The number of books sold in July 2019 = 350

The number of books sold in August 2019 = 300

Calculation:

Total number of books sold during in 5 months = 900 + 800 + 500 + 350 + 300

⇒ 2850

 

∴ The number of books sold by book-seller during 5 months of 2019 is 2850.

Solution:

Given data:

Present value of motorcycle = Rs. 75,000

Rate of depreciation = 4%

Time for depreciation = 2 years

Concept used:

Final value = Initial value × [(100 – Rate of depreciation)/100]ⁿ

Where, n = no. of years

Calculation:

Final value = Initial value × [(100 – Rate of depreciation)/100]ⁿ

⇒ 75,000 × [(100 – 4)/100]²

⇒ 75,000 × (96/100)²

⇒ 75,000 × (24/25)²

⇒ (75,000 × 576)/625

⇒ 69,120

∴ The value of the motorcycle after 2 years will be Rs. 69,120.

Alternate MethodThe above solution can also be understood in easy language:

4% = 4/100 = 1/25

So Remaining 96% = 24/25

Let the final value be y

y = 75,000 × 24/25 ×  24/25

y = 69,120

∴ The value of the motorcycle after 2 years will be Rs. 69,120.

Solution:

Given data:       

No. of employees in company = 600

The average age of the male employees = 42 years

The average age of the female employees = 41 years

The average age of all the employees in the company = 41 years 9 months

⇒ (41 + 9/12) years

⇒ 167/4 years

Concept used:

Average = (Sum of all cases)/(Number of cases)

Calculation:

Let no. of male employees be x.

⇒ No. of female employees = 600 – x.

Sum of ages of all male employees = x × 42

⇒ 42x years      ----(1)

Sum of ages of all male employees = (600 – x) × 41

⇒ (24600 – 41x) years      ----(2)

Sum of ages of all employees = 42x + 24600 – 41x      ----(Adding equation 1 and 2)

⇒ (x + 24600) years      ----(3)

Sum of ages of all employees = 600 × 167/4

⇒ 25050 years      ----(4)

Equating equations 3 and 4

⇒ x + 24600 = 25050

⇒ x = 450

⇒ No. of male employees = 450

⇒ No. of female employees = 600 – 450

⇒ 150

∴ The number of female employees in the company is 150.

 

Alternate method:

No. of male employees: No. of female employees = 3 : 1

⇒ No. of male employees = 3x

⇒ No. of female employees = x

⇒ Total no. of employees = 4x

⇒ 4x = 600      ----(given data)

⇒ x = 600/4

⇒ x = 150

⇒ No. of female employees = x = 150

 

∴ The number of female employees in company is 150.

Solution:

Given data:

cos (A + B) = 0

sin (A – B) = 1/2

Concept used:

cos 90° = 0

sin 30° = 1/2

Calculation:

cos (A + B) = 0

⇒ A + B = 90°      ----(1)

sin (A – B) = 1/2

⇒ A – B = 30°      ----(2)

⇒ 2A = 120°      ----(Adding equation 1 and 2)

⇒ A = 60°

Put the value of A in equation 1,

⇒ 60° + B = 90°

⇒ B = 90° - 60°

⇒ B = 30°

 

∴ The value of B is 30°.

Solution:

Given data:

a is a natural number.

Natural numbers = 1,2,3,4,5,6,….

Calculation:

N = (7a² + 7a)

⇒ 7a × (a + 1)

Assume a to be the least natural number i.e. a = 1

⇒ N = 7 × 1 × (1 + 1)

⇒ N = 7 × 2

⇒ N = 14

⇒ The least value of N can be 14.

Now check the options,

1. 14 divides 14

2. 7 divides 14

3. 7 and 14 both divides 14

4. 21 does not divide 14

Hence, option 3^rd is the best possible solution.

∴ (7a² + 7a) is always divisible by 7 and 14.

Given :

$x+ 1/x=4$

To find :

$x^4+(1/x)^4$

Formula used :

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

Solution :

x + (1/x) = 4

squaring both sides

⇒ [x + (1/x)]² = 4²

⇒ x² + (1/x)² + 2 = 16

⇒ x2 + (1/x)2 = 14

squaring both sides

⇒ [x2 + (1/x)²]² = 14²

⇒ x⁴ + (1/x⁴) + 2 = 196

⇒ x4 + (1/x4) = 194

∴ the value of x4 + (1/x4) is194.

Given :

The gain is one-fifth of the selling price

To find :

The gain percentage

Formula used :

Cost price = selling price - gain

gain% = (gain/cost price) × 100

Solution :

Let the selling price be x

So, the gain = x/5

The cost price = x - (x/5)

⇒ The cost price = 4x/5     ----(1)

Gain% = [(x/5)/(4x/5)] × 100

⇒ Gain% = 25%

∴ The gain percentage is 25%

Given :

Raju can finish a piece of work in 20 days

Raju worked for 5 days

Jakob finished the remaining work in 15 days

Concept used :

The efficiency of work = 1/(number of days to finish work)

Solution :

Raju worked for 5 days

So, the remaining work will be finished in 15 days by Raju

Jakob can finish the same piece of work in 20 days

The efficiency of Raju = The efficiency of Jakob

One day work of Raju = 1/20

One day work of Jakob = 1/20

One day work working together = (1/20) + (1/20)

⇒ One day work working together = (1 + 1)/20

⇒ One day work working together = 2/20

⇒ One day work working together = 1/10

∴  The number of days they both can finish work together is 10 days.

Given :

A diameter bisects the two chords

To find :

The relation between the two chords

Concept used :

If the radius bisects the chord, then the radius is perpendicular to the chord

Solution :

AB and CD are two chords

PQ is a diameter with a center O

⇒ ∠AEO = 90° 

⇒ ∠CFO = 90° 

⇒ ∠AEO + ∠CFO = 90° + 90° 

⇒ ∠AEO + ∠CFO = 180° 

∴ If the sum of the co-interior angle is 180° the lines are parallel to each other.

Given :

OQ = QR

∠QRO = n

∠POS = m

To find :

The value of m

Concept used :

Opposite angles of equal sides of a triangle are equal

The sum of the interior opposite  angle of a triangle is equal to the exterior angle 

Solution :

In Δ QOR

OQ = QR

So, ∠QOR = ∠QRO

⇒ ∠QOR = ∠QRO = n      -----(1)

⇒ ∠OQP = ∠QOR + ∠ORQ 

⇒ ∠OQP = n + n      (from 1)

⇒ ∠OQP = 2n      -----(2)

In ΔOPQ

OQ = OP      (radii of the same circle)

⇒ ∠OQP = ∠OPQ      -----(3)

From (2) and (3)

⇒ ∠OPQ = 2n      -----(4)

In ΔPOR

⇒ ∠POS = ∠PRO + ∠OPR  

⇒ m = 2n + n

⇒ m = 3n

∴ The value of m is 3n.

Given :

A pie chart with central angles

Total marks obtained in the examination is 600

To find :

Difference Between marks scored in History and Hindi.

Concept used :

(the difference between the central angle/360°) × 600

Solution :

⇒ The central angle of marks scored in History = 70° 

⇒ The central angle of marks scored in Hindi = 55° 

⇒ Difference between the central angle = 70° - 55° 

⇒ Difference between the central angle = 15° 

⇒ Difference Between the marks scored in History and Hindi = (15°/360°) × 600

⇒ Difference Between the marks scored in History and Hindi = 25

∴ The difference Between the marks scored in History and Hindi is 25.

Given :

Pie chart showing the percentage-wise distribution

Percentage of the student in school T = 20%

Percentage of the student in school Q = 18%

Percentage of the student in school S = 22%

To find :

Percentage students of school T to school Q and S together

Concept used :

[(Student in school T)/(student in school Q + student in school S)] × 100

Calculation :

⇒ Students in school T = 20%

⇒ Students in school Q & S together = (18 + 20)%

⇒ Students in school Q & S together = 40%

⇒ Percentage students of school T to the school Q and S together = (20/40) × 100

⇒ Percentage students of school T to the school Q and S together = 50%

∴ The percentage of student of school T to school Q and S together is 50%.

Given :

Area of square field = 7200 m²

To find :

Diagonal of the field

Formula used :

Area of square = (side)² unit sq.

Diagonal of square = √2 × (side)

Calculation :

Let the side of the square field be x

⇒ x² = 7200

⇒ x = 60√2

⇒ Diagonal of square field = 60√2 × √2

⇒  Diagonal of square field = 120 m

∴ The length of the diagonal of the field is 120 m.

Shortcut Trick

Speed in m/s = 90 × 5/18 = 25 m/s.

Total Distance = Train length + Platform length = 150 + 300 = 450 m.

Time required = Total Distance ÷ Speed = 450 ÷ 25 = 18 sec.

∴ The correct answer is 18 sec.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the Train (L₁) = 150 m

Length of the Platform (L₂) = 300 m

Speed of the train (S) = 90 km/h

Formula Used:

1. Speed (m/s) = Speed (km/h) × (5/18)
2. Time = Total Distance ÷ Speed
3. Total Distance = Length of Train + Length of Platform

Calculations:

⇒ Converting Speed into m/s:

⇒ Speed = 90 × (5/18) m/s

⇒ Speed = 5 × 5 = 25 m/s

⇒ Total Distance to cross the platform = 150 + 300 = 450 m

⇒ Time taken = 450 ÷ 25

⇒ Time taken = 18 seconds

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

∴ The correct answer is 18 sec.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply the speed by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Crossing Point Objects

When a train crosses a stationary point object like a pole, tree, or standing man, the distance covered is equal to the length of the train itself.

Relative Speed

If two objects move in the opposite direction, relative speed is the sum of their speeds (S₁ + S₂). If they move in the same direction, it is the difference (S₁ − S₂).

Shortcut TrickPut a = 2, b = 2. This satisfies the given conditions.

Now, 2a + b = 2 × 2 + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6

Traditional method:

Given :

4a² + b² = 20

ab = 4

To find :

2a + b

Formula used :

a² + b² = (a + b)² - 2ab

Solution :

4a² + b² = 20

⇒ (2a)² + b² = 20

⇒ (2a + b)² - 2 × 2a × b = 20

⇒ (2a + b)² - 4 × 4 = 20

⇒ (2a + b)² - 16 = 20

⇒ (2a + b)² = 20 + 16

⇒ (2a + b)² = 36

⇒ 2a + b = √36

⇒ 2a + b = 6

∴ the value of 2a + b is 6.

Concept Used:

Calculations:

Considering the given equation,

72 – 3(2 + 24 ÷ 4 × 3 – 2 × 2) + 8 = ?

⇒ 72 – 3(2 + 24/4 × 3 – 2 × 2) + 8 = ?

⇒ 72 – 3(2 + 6 × 3 – 2 × 2) + 8 = ?

⇒ 72 – 3(2 + 18 – 4) + 8 = ?

⇒ 72 – 3(20 – 4) + 8 = ?

⇒ 72 – 3 × (16) + 8 = ?

⇒ 72 – 48 + 8 = ?

⇒ 80 – 48 = ?

⇒ 32 = ?

∴ The value of ? is 32.

The correct answer is Table Tennis.

Key Points 

• Manika Batra is associated with Table Tennis.
• She has been honoured with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2020.
• She has clinched the gold medal in the Commonwealth Games, 2018  in the Women's singles category.
• She won three gold medals at the 2016 South Asian Game.

​

Important Points 

• Important Table Tennis players in India are:
• Sharath Kamal.
• Naina Jaiswal.
• Soumyajit Ghosh.
• Anthony Amalraj.
• Paulomi Ghata.
• Sathiyan Gnanasekaran.
• Neha Aggarwal.

Additional Information 

• Important Cricket players in India are:
• Virat Kohli.
• Rohit Sharma.
• Jasprit Bumrah.
• Mithali Raj.
• Harmanpreet Kaur.
• Poonam Yadav.
• Important Badminton players in India are:
• P V Sindhu.
• Saina Nehwal.
• Ashwini Ponnappa
• Pullela Gopichand.
• Srikanth Kidambi.
• Parupalli Kashyap.
• Important Gymnastics performers in India are:
• Dipa Karmakar.
• Ashish Kumar.
• Aruna Reddy.
• Bishweshwar Nandi.

​The correct answer is Google Maps.

Key Points 

• Among the options, the only google map is NOT an e-commerce website.
• Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by google for route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle, air (in beta), and public transportation.
• The word e-commerce stands for electronic commerce or internet commerce
• The main purpose of an e-commerce website is to buying and selling of goods or services using the internet.
• It also supports the transfer of money to execute these transactions.
• It is one of the most popular ways for consumers to buy goods and services.
• The first business-to-business online shopping system was Thomson Holidays.
• Examples of e-commerce websites are:
• Flipkart.
• Amazon.
• Uber.
• Swiggy.
• eBay.
• Walmart.
• Ola.

The correct answer is 1954.

Key Points

• Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honor in India.
• Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex is eligible for these awards.
• Bharat Ratna was instituted in the year 1954.
• It is not mandatory that Bharat Ratna be awarded every year.

Additional Information 

• The first three recipients of Bharat Ratna are:
• C. Rajagopalachari.
• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
• C V Raman.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri was the first person to be awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously.
• There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only.
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the first foreigner to get Bharat Ratna.
• Indira Gandhi was the first woman to get Bharat Ratna.
• Sachin Tendulkar is the first sportsperson to get Bharat Ratna.
• Bharat Ratna was last awarded on 25 January 2019.
• The 2019 recipients of the Bharat Ratna award are:
• Nanaji Deshmukh (Posthumous).
• Bhupen Hazarika (Posthumous).
• Pranab Mukherjee.
• There is no Bharat Ratna for years 2020 to 2023.

Bharat Ratna Award in 2024

• Karpoori Thakur
• Lal Krishna Advani
• PV Narasimha Rao
• Chaudhary Charan Singh
• MS Swaminathan

The correct answer is Coriolis force.

Key Points

• The force exerted by the rotation of the earth is known as the Coriolis force.
• Coriolis force deflects the wind in the right direction in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
• The deflection of wind is more when the wind velocity is high.
• It is directly proportional to the angle of latitude.
• Coriolis force is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator,
• The Coriolis force is zero at the equator and the wind blows perpendicular to the isobars.

Additional Information

• Magnetic force is the attraction or repulsion that arises between electrically charged particles due to their motion.
• The force which acts in the interior of the earth is called endogenic force.
• A force that is applied to an object by a person or another object is called an applied force.

The correct answer is 1953.

Important Points

• Potti Sreeramulu undertook a fast unto death from 19 October 1952 demanding a separate state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Potti Sreeramulu died on 15 December 1952.
• The death of Potti Sreeramulu leads to the formation of the Andra state.
• The Prime Minister announced the formation of a separate Andhra state in December 1952.

Key Points 

• The Telugu-speaking area of Andhra state was formed on 1^st October 1953.
• Kurnool was the capital city of the Andra state.
• T Prakasam was the first chief minister of Andra state.
• The combined Andhra Pradesh state was formed based on the gentlemen's agreement.
• Andhra State combined with the Telugu-speaking areas of the already existing Hyderabad State on 1^st November 1956.

The correct answer is Brihadratha.

Key Points

• The last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha was assassinated in 185 BC by his commander in chief Pushyamitra Shunga.
• Pushyamitra Shunga set up a kingdom in the north.
• Pushyamitra Shunga established his own Sunga dynasty.

​

Important Points

• The Mauryan dynasty lasted 137 years.
• Chandragupta dethroned the last Nanda ruler Dhana Nanda and occupied the Patliputra in 322 BC.
• Three important rulers of the Maurya dynasty were
• Chandragupta.
• Bindusara.
• Ashoka.
• Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by his son Bindusara.
• Bindusara was known as Amitrochates or Amitraghata.
• Dasharatha was a grandson of Ashoka.
• Devvarman was the successor of Shalishuka Maurya and reigned for a short period of seven years.

The correct answer is 5.

Important Points 

• In 1986, Asian Games was held in Seoul, South Korea.
• It was the 10^th edition of the Asian Games.
• Seoul had previously been scheduled to host the 1970 games, but it lost the opportunity due to security issues.
• The event was officially opened by then President of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan.

Key Points

• India has won 5 gold medals at the 1986 Asian Games.
• India had bagged a total of 37 medals in the event.
• India ranked 5^th with 5 gold medals, 9 silver medals, and 23 bronze medals.
• Out of these 5 gold medals, 4 medals were won by P.T.Usha.
• Kartar Singh won a gold medal for India in wrestling.
• China topped the medal table with 94 gold medals.

The correct answer is Flowchart.

Key Points 

• A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of program logic.
• A flowchart illustrates a solution model for a given problem.
• A pictorial representation of the algorithm is called a flowchart.
• It is a popular means for describing computer algorithms.
• It is mainly used in analyzing, designing, documenting, or managing a process or program in various fields.
• The first structured method for document process flow was introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Additional Information 

• An algorithm expressed using a precise notation that can be executed by a computer is called a program.
• A program during execution is called Process.
• The collection of facts and figures are called data.

The correct answer is 324.

Key Points

• The election commission is a permanent and independent body established by the constitution of India.
• Article 324 of the Indian constitution mandates the election Commission, to conduct elections to the Parliament and the State Legislatures.
• It is common to both the central government and the state government.

 

• The Election Commission of India is not concerned with the elections to panchayats and municipalities in the state.

Important Points

• The Election Commission of India came into force on 25^th January 1950.
• The headquarters of the Election Commission is Nirvachan Sadan, located in New Delhi.
• The election commission consists of a chief election commissioner and two election commissioners.
• The election commissioners are appointed by the president.
• The tenure of election commissioners is 6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier.
• Sukumar Sen served as the first chief election commissioner of India.

Additional Information

• Article 312 of the Constitution deals with the creation of one or more All India Services common to the Union and State.
• Article 330 of the Constitution deals with the reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• Article 298 of the Constitution deals with the power to carry on trade.