SSC CHSL Previous Paper 19 (Held On: 15 Oct 2020 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'emission'. 

Key Points

• In the given fill in the blank only Option 1 fits contextually.
• Emission: the act of sending out gas, heat, light, etc.
• Example: Bioluminescence is the emission of light from living organisms.
• By reading the above explanation, we can infer that the correct answer is 'emission'.

 

Correct Answer: emission.  

Additional Information

• The meaning of the other words given in the option as follows: 
• Inclusion: the act of including someone or something as part of a group, list, etc., or a person or thing that is included.
• Example: The book's value stems from its inclusion of multiple viewpoints.
• Omission: the act of not including something or someone that should have been included, or something or someone that has not been included that should have been. 
• Example: There are some serious errors and omissions in the book.
• Exclusion: the act of not allowing someone or something to take part in an activity or to enter a place
• Example: The exclusion of disruptive students from school is important.

The correct answer is Comprehensive. 

Key Points

• The exact synonym of the given word 'Holistic' is 'Comprehensive'.
• Holistic: dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part
• Example: My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease.
• Comprehensive: complete and including everything that is necessary.
• Example: We offer you comprehensive training in all aspects of the business.
• By reading the above explanations, we can infer that the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Answer: Comprehensive. 

Additional Information 

• The meaning of the other words given in the option as follows: 
• Dissimilar: different. 
• Example: The new house is not dissimilar to our old one, except that it's slightly bigger.
• Sketchy: containing few details.
• Example: So far we only have sketchy information about what caused the explosion.
• Superficial: (of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important. 
• Example: He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial.

Important Points

The correct answer is 'She was given a warning about coming late to school every day by the Principal.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the Active Voice. As per the question we have to change it into Passive Voice.
• The process of transformation is as follows:
• The subject of the given sentence is 'The Principal'.
• The object of the given sentence is 'Her'.
• The subject will be put in the place of the object and the object will be put in the place of the subject in the converted sentence.
• 'Gave' will be changed into 'was given'.
• The remaining sentence will be written as it is.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Answer: She was given a warning about coming late to school every day by the Principal.

The correct answer is 'Calm'. 

Key Points

• The exact antonym of the given word 'Agitate' is 'Calm'.
• Agitate: to make someone feel worried or angry. 
• Example: I didn't want to agitate her by telling her.
• Calm: peaceful, quiet, and without worry.
• Example: He has a very calm manner.
• By reading the above explanations, we can infer that the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Answer: Calm.

Additional Information

• The meaning of the other words given in the option as follows: 
• Argue: to speak angrily to someone, telling that person that you disagree with them
• Example: The children always argue
• Impress: to cause someone to admire or respect you
• Example: He tried to impress me with his extensive knowledge of wine.
• Excite: to make someone have strong feelings of happiness and enthusiasm
• Example: Nothing about my life excites me at present.

The correct answer is 'have'. 

Key Points

• The given passage is about 'Happiness'.
• In the given fill in the blank use of 'have' is correct grammatically.
• Because 'different individuals' is Plural.
• Therefore, it will be followed by a plural helping verb.

 

Correct Answer: "However, different individuals have different perceptions..."

• We may tend to mark Option 1 but it would be wrong because the given sentence is not in the past tense. It is a general statement.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'happiness'.

Key Points

• The given passage is about 'Happiness'.
• In the given fill in blank, only the word 'happiness' fits because the given passage itself is about happiness.
• The first line of the passage is also about happiness.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'happiness'.

 

Correct Answer:  "how to achieve happiness..."

Additional Information

• The meaning of other word given in the option as follows: 
• Dream: a series of events or images that happen in your mind when you are sleeping. 
• Example: I had a very strange dream about you last night.
• Money: coins or notes (= special pieces of paper) that are used to buy things or an amount of these that a person has:
• Example: We invested the money in a high-interest bank account.
• Fame: the state of being known or recognized by many people because of your achievements, skills, etc.
• Example: She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16.

The correct answer is 'in'. 

Key Points

• The given passage is about 'Happiness'.
• In the given fill in the blank 'in' is the correct answer.
• The aptest preposition to follow 'lie' would be 'in' as it means 'be present in'.
• Example: The village lies in a peaceful valley.
• ​Here, the given sentence is particularly talking about the 'happiness' of a person.
• Therefore,  we can infer that the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Answer: "For some, happiness lies in wealth..."

The correct answer is 'rank'. 

Key Points

• The given passage is about 'Happiness'.
• In the given fill in the blank, the correct answer is 'rank'.
• Some people are Rank and Position seekers. Whereas, others given preference to satisfaction.  Some others are wealth seekers.
• By reading the above line we can infer that the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Answer: "it is in rank and position..."

The correct answer is 'elusive'. 

Key Points

• The given passage is about 'Happiness'.
• In the given fill in the blank 'elusive' fits the most.
• Elusive: difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember
• Example: The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever.
• For different people, the form of happiness is different.
• Therefore, it is very difficult to describe what is happiness for one and what it is for another.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Answer:  "yet happiness is elusive to most..."

The correct answer is The child asked his mother, “Can I swim in the pool here?”. 

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Indirect Speech. As per the question we have to change it into Direct Speech.
• The process of transformation as follows:
• 'Asked' should be changed into 'said to'. But due to options we will not change 'asked'.
• Comma and Inverted commas will be added.
• 'He' will be changed into 'I'.
• 'There' will be changed into 'here'.
• We know that 'can' is changed into 'could'. Hence, 'can' will be used. Only Option 2 and 4 have the correct subject 'I'.
• Option 4 is wrong because the helping verb used in Option 4 is incorrect.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Answer: The child asked his mother, “Can I swim in the pool here?” 

• Seeing 'can' we tend to mark Option 3 but it would be wrong because the subject used here is incorrect.
• Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Congregation'. 

Key Points

• In the given question the correct One word is 'Congregation'.
• Congregation: a group of people who have come together in a religious building for worship and prayer
• Example: The priest asked the congregation to kneel.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Answer: Congregation. 

Additional Information 

• The meaning of the other options given in the question as follows: 
• Crowd: a large group of people who have come together
• Example: A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.
• Throng: a crowd or a large group of people
• Example: A huge throng had gathered around the speaker.
• Multitude: a large number of people or things
• Example: This case has raised a multitude of questions.

The correct answer is 'No improvement'.

Key Points

• The given sentence does not require any improvement.
• Because Keep away from is a Phrase.
• Keep away: stay away, or a situation in which someone tries to avoid answering questions or revealing information.
• Example: How long has this illegal game of keep away been going on?
• By reading the above definition we can infer that the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Answer: No improvement.

The correct answer is 'Attempting something impossible.'

Key Points

• The meaning of the given idiom as follows:
• Looking for a needle in a haystack: something that is impossible or extremely difficult to find, especially because the area you have to search is too large.
• Example: Finding the piece of paper I need in this huge pile of documents is like looking for a needle in a haystack.
• Therefore, by reading the above definition we can infer that the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Answer: Attempting something impossible.

The correct answer is ''isn't he''. 

Key Points

• In the given sentence ''isn't he'' is the correct usage.
• We know that A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag.
• In the given sentence 'He is' will be changed into ''isn't he''.
• And a question mark will be added.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Answer: isn't he. 

  

• We tend to mark Option 2 but it would be wrong because 'it' is not used for person.

Additional Information

• When the statement contains a word with a negative meaning, the question tag needs to be positive.
• Example: He hardly ever speaks, does he?
• Example: They rarely eat in restaurants, do they?

The correct answer is 'Agreeable'. 

Key Points

• The exact antonym of the given word 'Heinous' is 'Agreeable'.
• Heinous: very bad and shocking.
• Example: Rape is a heinous crime.
• Agreeable: pleasant or pleasing.
• Example: We spent a most agreeable evening by the river.
• ​By reading the above definitions we can infer that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

Correct Answer: Agreeable.

Additional Information

• The meaning of the other words given in the question as follows:
• Unhealthy: not good for your health.
• Example: The consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle include a higher risk of diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, and cancer.
• Unwilling: not willing.
• Example: Rahul is an unwilling helper.
• Biased: showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions.
• Example: The newspapers gave a very biased report of the meeting.

The correct answer is 'DBCA.'

Key Points

• Only Part D can be the first sentence because the first statement of a sentence jumble question is usually a general statement, noun, a universal fact, or starting of an incident, etc.
• Here, Part D is a general statement.
• Part B and Part C are connected with each other. Part B is followed by Part C.
• Lastly, Part A will be used.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Answer: DBCA.

The correct answer is BCDA. 

Key Points 

• Only Part B can be the first sentence because the first statement of a sentence jumble question is usually a general statement, noun, a universal fact, or starting of an incident, etc.
• In the given question it is the initiation of an incident. Here, in the given question The Death of Dr. Meena Kumar is an incident.
• Therefore, only Part B can be the first sentence.
• Part C is further connected with Part C. It explains who 'Dr. Meena Kumar' was.
• Part D and Part A are connected because Part D explains that even the life of doctors is risky and Part A tells how low the life expectancy of doctors is. And Part D is followed by Part A.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Answer: BCDA.

The correct answer is Bouquet.

Key Points

• The word that is correctly spelled is 'Bouquet'.
• Bouquet: a group of flowers that have been fastened together and attractively arranged so that they can be given as a present or carried on formal occasions.
• Example: Chris sent me a lovely bouquet when I was sick.

 

Correct Answer: Bouquet.

Additional Information 

• The correct spelling of other words given in the option as follows: 
• Aquarium: a glass container in which fish and other water creatures can be kept.
• ​Example: Over the last decade or so, the demand for aquatic plants has strongly increased in order to supply private aquariums, garden tanks, or botanical gardens.
• Sequence: a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other. 
• ​Example: The first chapter describes the strange sequence of events that led to his death.
• Frequency: the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something happening often or a large number of times. 
• ​Example: Complaints about the frequency of buses rose in the last year.

The correct answer is 'Discriminiation'.

Key Points

• In the given question 'Discriminiation' is incorrectly spelt.
• Its correct spelling is 'Discrimination'.
• Discrimination: treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way than the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, sex, sexuality, etc. 
• Example: AIDS victims often experience social ostracism and discrimination.

 

Correct Answer: Discriminiation.

Additional Information

• The meaning of the other words given in the options are as follows:
• Identification: the act of recognizing and naming someone or something.
• Example: Most of the bodies were badly burned, making identification almost impossible.
• Embodiment: someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly. 
• Example: He was the embodiment of the English gentleman.
• Corruption: illegal, bad, or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of power.
• Example: Political corruption is widespread throughout the country.

The correct answer is 'Prowl'.

Key Points

• The exact synonym of the given word 'Lurk' is 'Prowl'.
• Lurk: to wait or move in a secret way so that you cannot be seen, especially because you are about to attack someone or do something wrong
• Example: Someone was lurking in the shadows.
• Prowl: to move around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard, such as an animal does when hunting
• Example: There have been reports of a masked man prowling in the neighbourhood.
• By reading the above explanations we can infer that the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Answer: Prowl. 

Additional Information

• The meaning of the other words given in the options as follows: 
• Tremble: to shake slightly, usually because you are cold, frightened, or very emotional
• Example: His voice started to tremble, and I thought he was going to cry.
• Vibrate: to shake slightly and quickly, or to cause something to do this, in a way that is felt rather than seen or heard
• Example: His voice vibrated with anger.
• Sing: to make musical sounds with the voice, usually a tune with words
• Example: We were woken early by the sound of the birds singing.

The correct answer is 'acted hastily'.

Key Points

• In the given question 'jumped the gun' is present. Its meaning is as follows:
• Jump the gun: to do something too soon, especially without thinking carefully about it.
• Example: They've only just met - isn't it jumping the gun to be talking about marriage already?
• Therefore, by reading the above definition we can infer that the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Answer: acted hastily.

The correct answer is 'grandmother used to made'.

Key Points

• The erroneous Part 'grandmother used to made' should be 'grandmother used to make'.
• We know that 'used to' is followed by the first form of the verb.
• Here, the use of 'made' is grammatically wrong. It should be 'make'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: Have I ever told you what lovely pickles my grandmother used to make when she was in Vishakhapatnam?

Additional Information

• The other structures of 'used to':
• Verb+used to+V₁+ing shows habitual action. 
• Example: I am used to getting up late in the morning.

The correct answer is 'I can be able to'.

Key Points

• The erroneous Part 'I can be able to' should be 'I can'.
• We know that 'can and could' do not take the word 'able' with it.
• It makes the sentence superfluous.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: Aryan told Sriram, "Don't worry I can climb that tree to reach the fruit."

Additional Information

• We also know that 'May and Might' do not take 'Possibly' and 'Likely' with it.

• It makes the sentence superfluous.

• Its example as follows: 

• We may possibly come tomorrow. 

• We may come tomorrow.

The correct answer is 'is likely to continue'.

Key Points

• The given sentence needs improvement. The correct answer is Option 4.
• In a sentence Helping Verb should be according to the main subject of the sentence.
• In the given sentence the main subject is 'the trend'. This is a singular subject.
• Therefore, a singular verb should be used instead of a plural subject.

 

Correct Sentence: There is a double-digit growth in salaries of vocational jobs now and the trend is likely to continue in the coming years. 

Additional Information

• When two subjects are connected with 'as well as, with, along with, together with, in addition to, except, rather than, accompanied by, nothing but, etc.', then the helping verb should be used according to the first subject of the sentence.

• Example:

• The Captain along with the sailors were drowned. 

• The Captain along with the sailors was drowned.

The correct answer is 'Therapeutic'.

Key Points

• The correct answer to the given One Word is 'Therapeutic'.
• Therapeutic: causing someone to feel happier and more relaxed or to be more healthy
• Example: I find gardening very therapeutic.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Answer: Therapeutic.

Additional Information

• The meaning of the other words given in the option as follows:
• Immunity: a situation in which you are protected against disease or from legal action. 
• Example: The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months.
• Preventive: intended to stop something before it happens.
• Example: In the past ten years, preventive measures have radically reduced levels of tooth decay in children.
• Inoculation: to give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection, as a protection against that disease.
• Example: My children have been inoculated against polio.

The positions of letters according to the English alphabet series.

Logic: Each letter of the word is coded by its opposite letter according to the English alphabet series.

The pattern followed here is:

Similarly,

 

Hence, 'OZNY' is the correct answer.

Concepts of BODMAS rule:

• BODMAS has to be used when there is more than one operation in a mathematical expression. There is a sequence of certain rules that need to be followed when using the BODMAS method.

Conditions to follow:

• If there is any bracket, open the bracket, then add or subtract the terms. a + (b + c) = a + b + c,  a + (b - c) = a + b - c
• If there is a negative sign just open the bracket, multiply the negative sign with each term inside the bracket. a – (b + c) ⇒ a – b – c
• If there is any term just outside the bracket, multiply that outside term with each term inside the bracket. a(b + c) ⇒ ab + ac

Remember BODMAS Rule:

One easy way to remember the BODMAS rule is to perform these steps:

Checking by the given options:

1) ÷ and +

Given equations : 78 ÷ 6 × 4 – 3 + 9 = 10

After interchanging the sign as given in option 1.

78 + 6 × 4 – 3 ÷ 9 = 10

78 + 6 × 4 – 0.33 = 10

78 + 24 – 0.33 = 10

102 - 0.33 = 10

101.67 ≠ 10

2) × and ÷

Given equations : 78 ÷ 6 × 4 – 3 + 9 = 10

After interchanging the sign as given in option 2.

78 × 6 ÷ 4 – 3 + 9 = 10

78 × 1.5 – 3 + 9 = 10

117 - 3 + 9 = 10

126 - 3 = 10

123 ≠ 10

3) + and -

Given equations : 78 ÷ 6 × 4 – 3 + 9 = 10

After interchanging the sign as given in option 3.

78 ÷ 6 × 4 + 3 - 9 = 10

13 × 4 + 3 - 9 = 10

52 + 3 - 9 = 10

55 - 9 = 10

46 ≠ 10

4) – and ×

Given equations : 78 ÷ 6 × 4 – 3 + 9 = 10

After interchanging the sign as given in option 3.

78 ÷ 6 - 4 × 3 + 9 = 10

13 - 4 × 3 + 9 = 10

13 - 12 + 9 = 10

22 - 12 = 10

10 = 10

Hence, '- and ×' is the correct answer.

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series :

Logic: The sum of positions of letter + 3 to get the code of the given word.

The pattern followed here is :

TIFFIN :

TIFFIN → 20 + 9 + 6 + 6 + 9 + 14 = 64 

TIFFIN → 64 + 3 = 67

Box :

BOX → 2 + 15 + 24 = 44

BOX → 41 + 3 = 44

Similarly,

CARDBOARD :

CARDBOARD → 3 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 2 + 15 + 1 + 18 + 4

CARDBOAED → 66 + 3 = 69

Hence, '69' is the correct answer.

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series :

In each option, the difference between the letters is '-3' except in option 1.

The pattern followed here is :

1) F + 2 → H ; H + 4 → L ; L + 5 → Q ; Q + 1 → R 

2. N - 3 → K ; K - 3 → H ; H - 3 → E ; E - 3 → B

3) S - 3 → P ; P - 3 → M ; M - 3 → J ; J - 3 → G

4) U - 3 → U ; U + 3 → R ; R + 3 → O ; L + 3 → I

Hence, 'FHLQR' is odd among all.

The positions of letter according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern followed here is :

1) ILPU = I + 3 → L ; L + 4 → P ; P + 5 → U 

2. YVRO = Y - 3 → V ; V - 4 → R ; R - 4 → O 

3. ORVA = O + 3 → R ; R + 4 → V ; V + 5 → A

4. ADHM = A + 3 → D ; D + 4 → H ; H + 5 → M 

Hence, 'YVRO' is odd among all.

The working area of an 'Umpire' is 'Pitch'.

Similarly,

The working area of a 'Mechanic' is 'Garage'

Hence, 'Garage' is the correct answer.

Syringe and Piston are the two elements of a instrument.

Similarly,

Tyre and tubes are the two element of a instrument.

Hence, 'Tyre and Tube' is the correct answer.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols,

The Wife of Raman's father's father in law means mother of Raman's mother.

So, Lady is the maternal grandmother of Raman.

Possible tree diagram will be,

Hence, 'Maternal grandmother' is the correct answer.

From the first two dice position we can conclude that the adjacent phases of phase contain '6'.

So the adjacent phase of '6' is 1, 4, 5 and 2.

From the last two positions of the dice, we conclude that phase contains '6' is not adjacent to phase contain '3'.

So the opposite phase of '6' is '3'.

Hence, '3' is the correct answer.

The paper when unfolded looks like,

Hence, the figure in option (2) is the correct answer.

The mirror image would be as follows :

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is as follows:

1. All cycles are cars → False (as, all cycles are cars and all cars are cycles)
2. All cars are cycles → True (as, all cycles are cars and all cars are cycles)

Hence, only conclusion II follows.

In the given figure the tringle moves 90^o clockwise while rest of the figure 135^o clockwise.

So the next figure in the series is:

Hence, the figure in option 2 is the correct answer.

Fruits and Cookies are eatables so the possible Venn diagram is :

Hence, the figure in option 4 is the correct answer.

Logic: The addition of first and third term and multiply by 3 to get the middle term.

The pattern followed here is :

Given, 

(11, 57, 8)

11 + 8 = 19

19 × 3 = 57

Similarly,

(15, 81, 12)

15 + 12 = 27

27 × 3 = 81 

Hence,(15, 81, 12) is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

(26, 63, 124)

3³ - 1 = 27 - 1 = 26

43 - 1 = 64 - 1 = 63

53 - 1 = 125 - 1 = 124

Similarly,

(63, 124, 215)

43 - 1 = 64 - 1 = 63

5³ - 1 = 125 - 1 = 124

63 - 1 = 216 - 1 = 215

Hence,(63, 124, 215) is the correct answer.

The question figure is embedded in,

Hence, the figure in option 1 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

12 : 60

12 × 6 = 72 - 12 = 60

Similarly,

14 : 72

14 × 6 = 84 - 12 = 72

Hence, '14 : 72' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Row I. 25 × 6 → 150

           25 × 4 → 100

Row II. 22 × 6 → 132

            22 × 4 → 88

Similarly,

Row III. 27 × 6 → 162

             27 × 4 → 108

Hence, '27' is the correct answer.

The figure contains the following number of triangles:

so the figure contains 16 triangles.

Hence, '16' is the correct answer.

Given,

Given equation: 18 + 2 – 5 × 6 ÷ 4 = ?

Interchange the symbol according to the given code:

Using BODMAS rule,

18 ÷ 2 × 5 - 6 + 4 = ?

9 × 5 - 6 + 4 = ?

45 - 6 + 4 = ?

49 - 6 = ?

? = 43

Hence, '43' is the correct answer.

There are two series in the given series:

1. 2, 6, 22, ?

2. 2, 10, 42 

The pattern followed here is :

Hence,'86' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence 'R' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, 'CITENGAM' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, 'YAG, BYH' is the correct answer.

Given :

∠ABC = 2 ∠CAB

∠ACD = 126°

To find :

∠CAB

Concept used :

The Sum of two opposite angles is equal to the exterior angle.

Calculation :

Let ∠CAB be x

⇒ ∠ABC = 2x

⇒ ∠ABC + ∠CAB = ∠ACD

⇒ 2x + x = 126°

⇒ 3x = 126°

⇒ x = 126°/3

⇒ x = 42°

∴  ∠CAB is 42°

Given:

The pass percentage of class 12^th in four years

2016 = 71%

2017 = 82%

2018 = 66%

2019 = 86%

Formula used:

Average = sum of all elements/number of elements

Fail percentage = 100 – pass percentage

Calculation:

Fail Percentage of four years

In 2016

⇒ 100 – 71 = 29

In 2017

⇒ 100 – 82 = 18

In 2018

⇒ 100 – 66 = 34

In 2019

⇒ 100 – 86 = 14

Sum of all fail percentage

⇒ 29 + 18 + 34 + 14

⇒ 95

Number of elements = 4

Average of fail percentage students = Sum of all fail percentage/ Number of elements

⇒ 95/4

⇒ 23.75%

∴ The average of failed percentage students is 23.75%.

Given:

cos x = p/q and 0° < x 90°

Concept used:

In Right angle triangle

cosθ = base/hypotenuse

tanθ = perpendicular/base

By Pythagorus thorem

hypotenuse² = perpendicular² + base²

Calculation:

cosx = p/q

⇒ hypotenuse = q, base = p

hypotenuse² = perpendicular² + base²

⇒ perpendicular² = q² – p²

⇒ perpendicular = √(q² – p²)

tanx = perpendicular/base

⇒ tanx = √(q² – p²)/p

∴ The value of tanx is √(q² – p²)/p.

Shortcut Trick 

We know that cosθ is equal to the ratio of base to hypotenuse. Now, p is respective ratio to the base and we know that tanθ is equal to the ratio of perpendicular to the base. It means in the denominator, the number will be the factor of p only in the first option, p is in the denominator. 

∴ Answer is option (1)

Given

sin x – cos x = 0

Calculation

sin x – cos x = 0

⇒ sinx = cosx

⇒ sinx = sin(90° - x)

⇒ x = 90° - x

⇒ 2x = 90°

⇒ x = 45°

Now,

(sec x + cosec x)2 

= (sec 45° + cosec 45°)2

= (√2 + √2)²

= (2√2)2

= 8

Given

RS = PR

∠QPS = 110°

∠PRQ = 70°

Calculation

∠PSR = ∠RPS = x     [RS = PR]

Now, 

∠PRQ = ∠PSR + ∠RPS

⇒ 70° = 2x

⇒ x = 35°

Hence, 

∠QPR = 110° - 35° = 75° 

∴ ∠PQR = 180° - (75° + 70°) = 180° - 145° = 35°

Given

Distance between two equal chords = 6 cm

Radius of circle = 5 cm

Calculation

Lets draw perpendicular M and N on chords AB and CD respectively.

Now,

ΔOBM ≅ ΔODN

Hence, 

OM = ON = 6/2 = 3 cm

Now,

MB² + OM² = OB²

⇒ MB² + 3² = 5²

⇒ MB2 = 25 - 9 = 16

⇒ MB = 4 cm

AM = 2MB

⇒ 2 × 4

⇒ 8 cm

∴ The length of each chord is 8 cm.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 4000

Compound Interest = Rs. 630.50

Time = 3 year

Formula used:

Compound Interest = Principal[(1 + Rate/100)^time – 1]

Calculation:

Compound Interest = Principal[(1 + Rate/100)^time – 1]

⇒ 630.50 = 4000[(1 + rate/100)³ – 1]

⇒ 630.50/4000 = [(1 + rate/100)³ – 1]

⇒ (1261/8000) + 1 = [(1 + rate/100)³]

⇒ 9261/8000 = [(1 + rate/100)³]

⇒ ∛(9261/8000) = [(1 + rate/100)]

⇒ 21/20 = [(1 + rate/100)]

⇒ 21/20 – 1 = rate/100

⇒ 1/20 = rate/100

⇒ rate = 5%

∴ The rate of interest compounded yearly is 5%.

Given:

Speed of scooter = 30 km/h

Distance covered = 2.5 km

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation:

Time = Distance/Speed

⇒ Time = 2.5/30

⇒ 1/12 hr

Convert hour in minutes

⇒ 1/12 × 60

⇒ 5 minutes

∴ The time is taken by Mohan to cover the given distance in a minute is 5 minutes.

Given:

We have to find the value of 27 + [3(50 - 20) + 168 ÷ 4 + 2 - 11 × 2]

Concept used:

Calculation:

27 + [3(50 - 20) + 168 ÷ 4 + 2 - 11 × 2]

⇒ 27 + [3 × 30 + 42 + 2 – 22]

⇒ 27 + [90 + 42 + 2 – 22]

⇒ 27 + [134 – 22]

⇒ 27 + 112

⇒ 139

∴ The value is 139.

Shortcut Trick

Net Correction = Correct value − Wrong value = 43 − 23 = +20.

Increase in Average = Total Correction ÷ Number of subjects = 20 ÷ 5 = 4.

Correct Average = Old Average + Increase = 150 + 4 = 154.

∴ The correct answer is 154.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of subjects (n) = 5

Incorrect average = 150

Correct value = 43

Wrong value = 23

Formula Used:

Correct Average = (Incorrect Total − Wrong value + Correct value) ÷ n

Calculations:

⇒ Incorrect sum of marks = 150 × 5 = 750

⇒ Correct sum of marks = 750 − 23 + 43

⇒ Correct sum of marks = 750 + 20 = 770

⇒ Correct average = 770 ÷ 5

⇒ Correct average = 154

∴ The correct answer is 154.

Additional Information

Average Definition

The average (arithmetic mean) is the ratio of the sum of observations to the total number of observations. Formula: Average = Σx ÷ n.

Correction in Average

When one or more values are misread, the Correct Average = Old Average + [(Correct Value − Incorrect Value) ÷ n].

Weighted Average

Used when different groups have different sizes: A_w = (n₁a₁ + n₂a₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Given :-

A circle is with center O

Two tangents AP and AQ are drawn from an external point A.

∠POQ = 118°

Concept :- 

Length of tangents drawn from an outside point to a circle are equal. 

It also makes an quadrilateral. 

In a quadrilateral sum of all angles are 360° 

Calculation :-

⇒ 

⇒ As OP and OQ is radius 

⇒ OP = OQ 

⇒ PA = PQ (From circle properties)

⇒ ∠APO = ∠AQO = 90° (As OP and OQ is perpendicular to PA and AQ)

⇒ Sum of angles = ∠P + ∠O + ∠Q + ∠A 

⇒ 360° = 90° + 118° + 90° + ∠A

⇒ 360° - (90° + 118° + 90°) = ∠A

⇒ 360° - 298° = ∠A

⇒ ∠A = 62° 

⇒ The ∠PAQ = 62° 

∴ ∠PAQ = 62°

Given :-

The radius of a circular cone is 6 cm and its height is 7 cm

Concept :-

Volume of cone = (1/3)πR²h

Calculation :-

⇒ Volume of cone = (1/3) × (22/7) × (6)² × 7

⇒ Volume of cone = (1/3) × (22/7) × 36 × 7

⇒ Volume of cone = 12 × 22

⇒ Volume of cone = 264 cm³

∴ Volume of cone is 264 cm³

Given :- 

The factors of the expression 2x2 - 5x - 12 

Concept :-

To factorize a given trinomial following steps should be adopted :

(1) Find the product of the first and the last terms of the trinomial with their signs.

(2) Split the middle term of the given trinomial such that the sum of these two terms is equal to the middle term and their product is equal to the product of first and last terms.

(3) Forming the suitable groups.

Calculation :-

⇒ 2x² - 5x - 12 

⇒ First term = 2x² 

⇒ Second term = -5x

⇒ Third term = - 12 

⇒ Product of first and last term = 2x² × -12

⇒ Product of first and last term = -24x²

Now split the second term into two term such that sum is equal to -5x and product of their term -24x²

⇒ -5x = -8x + 3x

⇒ 2x2 - 5x - 12  = 2x² - 8x + 3x - 12

Now, 

⇒ 2x(x - 4) + 3(x - 4)

⇒ (x - 4) × (2x + 3)

⇒ Factors are (x - 4) and (2x + 3)

∴ Factors are (x - 4) and (2x + 3)

Given :- 

Total number of years = 4

In 2016 percentage of pass student in class 10^th = 52%

In 2017 percentage of pass student in class 10^th = 60%

In 2018 percentage of pass student in class 10th = 72%

In 2019 percentage of pass student in class 10th = 71%

Concept :- 

Average = (Sum of all percentage of student pass)/(Total number of years)

Calculation :-

⇒ Average = (52% + 60% + 72% +71%)/4

⇒ Average = (255%)/4

⇒ Average of pass percentage of the 10^th class for all four years = 63.75%

∴ Average of pass percentage of the 10^th class for all four years = 63.75%

Given :-

In year 2005 rainfall = 40 cm

In year 2006 rainfall = 50 cm

In year 2007 rainfall = 100 cm

In year 2008 rainfall = 80 cm     

In year 2009 rainfall = 20 cm

In year 2010 rainfall = 120 cm

Calculation :- 

⇒ Difference of rainfall in 2005 and 2006 = 50 - 40 = 10 cm

⇒ Difference of rainfall in 2006 and 2007 = 100 - 50 = 50 cm

⇒ Difference of rainfall in 2007 and 2008 = 100 - 80 = 20 cm

⇒ Difference of rainfall in 2008 and 2009 = 80 - 20 = 60 cm

⇒ Difference of rainfall in 2009 and 2010 = 120 - 20 = 100 cm

⇒ The difference of the rainfall minimum = 10 cm 

⇒ The two consecutive years = 2005 - 2006

∴ The two consecutive years the difference of the rainfall minimum is 2005 - 2006

Given :- 

An amount of Rs. 800 is distributed between Ravi, Mohan and Govind in the proportions 2 : 5 : 3,

Concept :- 

Ratio represent amount must be divided in that value.

Calculation :-

Let ratio be in x so,

⇒ Ravi share's = 2x

⇒ Mohan share's = 5x 

⇒ Govind share's = 3x

Now,

⇒ Total amount = 2x + 5x + 3x

⇒ 800 = 10x 

⇒ x = (800/10)

⇒ x = 80 

Now, Put the value of x 

⇒ Ravi share's = 2 × 80 = Rs. 160

⇒ Mohan's share's = 5 × 80 = Rs. 400

⇒ Govind share's = 3 × 80 = Rs. 240

⇒ Shares of Mohan and Govind sum = 400 + 240 = Rs. 640 

∴ Shares of Mohan and Govind sum is Rs. 640

Given:-

The marked price of a television set is ₹ 24,500

Discount % = 12%

Concept :- 

Selling price = Marked price - Discount 

If discount % is given then,

Selling price = [(100 - Discount)/100] × Marked price 

Calculation :-

⇒ Selling price = [(100 - 12)/100] × 24,500

⇒ Selling price = (88/100) × 24,500

⇒ Selling price = 88 × 245

⇒ Selling price = Rs. 21,560

∴ Selling price = Rs. 21, 560

Given:

The cost price of 15 pens is equal to the selling price of 20 pens.

Concept Used:

Profit = [(selling price – cost Price)/cost price} × 100]%

Calculation:

Cost price(C.P.) of 15 pen = Selling price(S.P.) of 20 pens

⇒ 15 × C.P = 20 × S.P

⇒ C.P/S.P = 20/15

⇒ C.P/S.P = 4/3

Let, C.P be 4x and S.P be 3x

Profit = {(3x – 4x)/4x} × 100%

⇒ -100/4

⇒ -25%

Profit is ( -25)% that means loss is 25%

∴ Loss is 25%

Alternate Method

Concept used:

According to the article based problems,

If cost article > selling article then there is a profit

If cost article < selling article then there is a loss

Loss% = (selling article - cost article)/selling article × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Loss = (20 - 15)/20 × 100 = 25%

Shortcut Trick

To solve trigonometric identities quickly, substitute a specific value for x.

Let x = 0°: cos 0° = 1 and sin 0° = 0.

Expression = 1 / (1 + 0) + (1 + 0) / 1 = 1 + 1 = 2.

Now check the options at x = 0°:

(1) 2cos 0° = 2, (3) 2sec 0° = 2. Since two options match, test x = 30°.

Value at 30° = (√3/2) / (1.5) + (1.5) / (√3/2) = 1/√3 + √3 = 4/√3. Note that 2sec 30° = 4/√3.

∴ The correct answer is 2sec x.

Alternate Method

Given: cos x / (1 + sin x) + (1 + sin x) / cos x

Formula Used: sin² x + cos² x = 1 and sec x = 1 / cos x.

Take the LCM of the denominators (1 + sin x) and cos x:

⇒ [cos x × cos x + (1 + sin x) × (1 + sin x)] / [cos x × (1 + sin x)]

⇒ [cos² x + (1 + sin x)²] / [cos x(1 + sin x)]

⇒ [cos² x + 1 + 2sin x + sin² x] / [cos x(1 + sin x)]

⇒ [(cos² x + sin² x) + 1 + 2sin x] / [cos x(1 + sin x)]

⇒ [1 + 1 + 2sin x] / [cos x(1 + sin x)]

⇒ [2 + 2sin x] / [cos x(1 + sin x)]

⇒ 2(1 + sin x) / [cos x(1 + sin x)]

⇒ 2 / cos x

⇒ 2sec x

∴ The correct answer is 2sec x.

Additional Information

Pythagorean Identities

The three fundamental identities are sin² θ + cos² θ = 1, 1 + tan² θ = sec² θ, and 1 + cot² θ = cosec² θ.

Reciprocal Identities

Reciprocal relations include sec θ = 1 / cos θ, cosec θ = 1 / sin θ, and cot θ = 1 / tan θ.

Ratio Identities

Tangent and cotangent can be expressed as ratios: tan θ = sin θ / cos θ and cot θ = cos θ / sin θ.

Shortcut Trick

Total capacity (LCM of 6 and 10) = 30 units

Efficiency of Tap A = 30 ÷ 6 = 5 units/hr (filling)

Efficiency of Tap B = 30 ÷ 10 = 3 units/hr (emptying)

Combined efficiency = 5 − 3 = 2 units/hr

Time taken = 30 ÷ 2 = 15 hr

∴ The correct answer is 15 hr.

Alternate Method

Given: Filling time for Tap A = 6 hr, Emptying time for Tap B = 10 hr.

⇒ Net efficiency of (A + B) per hour = 5 + (−3) = 2 units/hr

⇒ Total capacity of the tank = 30 units

⇒ Time taken to fill the tank = 30 ÷ 2 = 15 hr

∴ The correct answer is 15 hr.

Additional Information

Pipes and Cisterns Basics

If a pipe fills a tank in x hours, its work done in 1 hour is 1/x. If an outlet pipe empties it in y hours, its work done in 1 hour is −1/y.

Direct Formula for Two Pipes

When one pipe fills (x) and another empties (y), the time taken to fill the tank is given by T = (x × y) ÷ (y − x), where y > x.

Negative Work Concept

An emptying tap performs negative work. Its efficiency is always subtracted from the filling efficiency to find the net rate.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Boys to Girls = 60% : 40% = 3 : 2.

Given: 2 units (Girls) = 36.

1 unit = 18.

3 units (Boys) = 18 × 3 = 54.

∴ The correct answer is 54.

Alternate Method

Given:

Percentage of boys = 60%

Number of girls = 36

Formula Used:

Total Percentage = 100%

Number of boys = (Percentage of boys ÷ Percentage of girls) × Number of girls

Calculations:

⇒ Percentage of girls = 100% − 60% = 40%

⇒ Let the Total number of students be 'x'.

⇒ 40% of x = 36

⇒ (40 ÷ 100) × x = 36

⇒ x = (36 × 100) ÷ 40

⇒ x = 90

⇒ Number of boys = 60% of 90

⇒ Number of boys = (60 ÷ 100) × 90 = 54

∴ The correct answer is 54.

Additional Information

Percentage to Fraction Conversion

To solve quickly, use fractions: 60% = 3/5 and 40% = 2/5. If 2/5 of total = 36, then 1/5 = 18 and 3/5 = 54.

Base Value Rule

Always identify the base (100%) which represents the total number of students in such problems.

Ratio Application

When percentages sum to 100, the ratio of parts can be used directly: Boys : Girls = 60 : 40 = 3 : 2.

Given:

a and b are two positive real numbers such that a + b = 20 and ab = 4. We have to find the value of a³ + b³

Formula Used:

a3 + b³ = (a + b)³ – 3ab(a + b)

Calculation:

a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b)

⇒ a3 + b³ = (20)³ – 3 × 4 × 20       [∵ Given a + b = 20 and ab = 4]

⇒ a3 + b³ = 20 × (20² – 12)

⇒ a3 + b³ = 20 × (400 – 12)

⇒ a3 + b³ = 20 × 388

⇒ a3 + b³ = 7760

∴ Value of a3 + b³ is 7760

Given:

7129p465 is divisible by 9. We have to find the value of p

Concept Used:

If a number is divisible by 9, then the sum of its all digit will also be divisible by 9

Calculation:

Given number is 7129p465

The sum of all digits of the number is 7 + 1 + 2 + 9 + p + 4 + 6 + 5

⇒ (34 + p)

Now,

9 × 1 = 9

9 × 2 = 18

9 × 3 = 27

9 × 4 = 36

9 × 5 = 45 and so on...

Nearest number to (34 + p) which is a multiple of 9 is 36

Then, (34 + p) = 36

⇒ p = 2

∴ The value of p is 2

Given:

The area of a rectangle is a2 - b2 and its length is a + b. We have to find the breadth of the rectangle

Concept Used:

Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth

a2 - b² = (a + b)(a - b)

Calculation:

The area of a rectangle is a2 - b2 

Its length is a + b

Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth

⇒ a2 - b2 = (a + b) × Breadth

⇒ (a + b)(a - b) = (a + b) × Breadth

⇒ Breadth = (a - b)

∴ Its breadth will be (a - b)

Given:

The total number of lecturers is 500

Percentage of physics lecture is 22%

The ratio of the lecture delivered by male and female lecturers in physics is 2 ∶ 3

Concept Used:

Concept of ratio and percentage

x% means x out of 100

Calculation:

The total number of lecturers is 500

Percentage of physics lecture is 22%

⇒ Total number of physics lecture is (22/100) × 500

⇒ 110

The ratio of the lecture delivered by male and female lecturers in physics is 2 ∶ 3

Number of lectures delivered by male in physics is (2/5) × 110

⇒ 44

∴ 44 physics lectures were delivered by male lecturers.

The correct answer is 1925.

Key Points

• Kanpur Session, 1925: Sarojini Naidu became the second woman to preside over the Congress after Annie Besant.
• She said during her presidential address: 'How shall I stir your hearts, how shall I light that flame that cannot die, so that your slavery, so that your disunion, so that all the things that make you hungry and naked and forlorn, oppressed and battered 'will be burnt in that undying fire?'

Additional Information

• About Congress:
• The Indian National Congress was founded at Bombay in December 1885.
• A.O. Hume played an important part in bringing Indians from the various regions together.
• First Session: held at Bombay in 1885. President: W.C. Bannerjee
• 1917: Calcutta. President: Annie Besant, First Woman President of Congress

The correct answer is 1917.

Key Points

• About Golden Globe:
• It Launched in February of 1944 with an informal luncheon at 20th Century Fox Studios, the Golden Globes began finding their true style in the the1950s.
• In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to authorize a special honorary award to recognize exceptional contributions to the entertainment industry.
• The first award was given to director and producer, Cecil B. DeMille.
• About 1917:
• 1917, unfolds in real-time, tracking a pair of British soldiers as they cross the Western Front on a desperate rescue mission.
• A story shared by director Sam Mendes’ grandfather, a veteran of the Western Front, inspired the new World War I film.
• Joaquin Phoenix won Best Actor in a Motion Picture — Drama for Joker.

The correct answer is Mizoram's Saidan Secondary School.

Key Points

• About Subroto Cup:
• The first Subroto Cup Football tournament was played 59 years back. Since then, the Indian Air Force has been working consistently towards developing grassroots-level football in India along with the help of its various stakeholders and partners.
• It was named after the Indian Air Force Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee.
• The tournament now sees more than 36,000 schools take part in pan-India elimination rounds which last for 10 months before the best of them book a berth at the Subroto Cup Finale which are held in Delhi every year.
• Saidan Secondary School of Mizoram was crowned Under-14 boys champions of Subroto Cup International Football tournament after defeating Unique Model Academy of Manipur 2-0 in the summit clash.
• It was the Mizoram school's maiden title win in the tournament.

The correct answer is Yak.

Key Points

• Yak is used for transport in Tibet.
• Yak, long-haired, short-legged oxlike mammal that was apparently domesticated in Tibet but has been introduced where there are people at elevations of 4,000–6,000 metres (14,000–20,000 feet), mainly in China but also in Central Asia, Mongolia, and Nepal.
• Yaks’ lung capacity is about three times that of cattle, and they have more and smaller red blood cells, enhancing the blood’s ability to transport oxygen.
• Domesticated yaks number at least 12 million and were bred for tractability and high milk production.
• The dried dung of the yak is the only obtainable fuel on the treeless Tibetan plateau.

The correct answer is 8.

Key Points

• A byte consists of 8 binary digits (bits), each of which consists of a 0 or 1. A single byte can be used to represent 2⁸ or 256 different values.
• The byte was basically created to store a single character, since 256 values is sufficient to represent all lowercase and uppercase letters, numbers, and symbols in western languages.
• Nibble: Collection of 4 bits.
• Word: Collection of 2 Bytes.

It has become a fundamental unit of measurement for data storage.

The correct answer is Ashleigh Barty.

Key Points

• The WTA is the global leader in women's professional sport with more than 2,500 players representing 92 nations competing for $130 million in prize money.
• The Women's Tennis Association was founded in June 1973 by Billie Jean King.
• The WTA rankings are based on a rolling 52-week, combined system.
• A player's ranking is decided by her results at a maximum of 16 tournaments for singles and 11 for doubles and points are awarded based on how far a player advances in a tournament.
• As of 15 January 2020, Ashleigh Barty was the Number one ranked women tennis player in the WTA rankings.
• Ashleigh Barty is an Australian professional tennis player and former cricketer.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Former President Pranab Mukherjee inaugurated the Tagore Centre for the Study of Culture and Civilization at Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS) in Shimla and also addressed the first Rabindranath Tagore Memorial Lecture.
• The objectives of the Centre include:
• To promote the study of Tagore’s work.
• Support interpretations of Tagore’s work into other Indian languages.
• promote comparative study of his work with poets, artists and writers in other parts of India and the world.
• Explore his concerns regarding the relationship between science and society.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• Daskathia is a form of ballad singing prevalent in Odisha.
• Daskathia is a name derived from a unique musical instrument called “Kathi” or “Ram Tali”, wooden clappers used during the presentation.
• The performance is a form of worship and offering on behalf of the “Das”, the devotee.
• This folk form is mainly associated with the worship of Lord Shiva and thus, during the performances, dedications to Lord Shiva, mentioning its various forms like Rudra, Hara, Mahadeva, Shankar, and Bholanath etc., is prescribed.
• The performance group consists of two people, a chief singer (Gayaka) and the other known as the 'Palia'.
• The Palia plays a second fiddle to the singer, in acting and singing.

The correct answer is Ellyse Perry.

Key Points

• Ellyse Perry won ‘ICC Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year 2019’.
• Australian all-rounder Ellyse Perry has won the Rachael Heyhoe-Flint Award for the ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year and also been selected as the ICC Women's ODI Player of the Year, the International Cricket Council.
• Wicket-keeper Alyssa Healy is the T20I Cricketer of the Year for the second year running.
• Thailand’s Chanida Sutthiruang named as Emerging Cricketer of the Year.
• Meg Lanning named skipper of both ODI and T20I sides.

The correct answer is England.

Key Points

• The International Cricket Council (ICC) ranks the ODI playing nations by awarding them a rating which is based on the number of wins, losses, and draws they perform in comparison to the number of matches they play.
• Unlike the Test rankings, the ICC does not award a trophy, or a mace of any kind to the top side at the end of the year.
• Rather, they are awarded by the ICC ODI Championship shield, which features an inner circle of gold-coloured metal and is surrounded by a ring of silver-coloured metal.
• England was the Number one ranked ODI team in the ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings.
• Virat Kohli ranked no.1 ODI batsmen ranking.

The correct answer is 15%.

Key Points

• As per the Constitution ninety-first amendment act, 2003, the total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State cannot exceed 15% of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State.
• In Article 75:
• The total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers, shall not exceed fifteen per cent of the total number of members of the House of the People.
• In article 164:
• The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State.

The correct answer is The President submits his resignation to the Vice-President.

Key Points

• Article 56 of the Indian Constitution makes it clear that the term of the President is five years from the date on which he enters the office.
• His term may be terminated earlier
• By a resignation addressed to the Vice-President, or
• By removal by impeachment for violation of the constitution.
• Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the President.
• When a President is to be impeached for violation of the Constitution, the charge shall be preferred by either House of the Parliament.

The correct answer is Rabindra Nath Mahato.

Key Points

• Article 93/178: Appointment of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha/ Legislative Assembly.
• Article 94/179: Vacation/resignation/removal from the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha/ Legislative Assembly.
• Article 96/181: The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
• Article 97/186: Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

Additional Information

• About Rabindra Nath Mahato:
• Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) MLA Rabindra Nath Mahato was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the Jharkhand Assembly.
• He is elected as an MLA from Nala assembly seat.

The correct answer is the Chipko Movement.

Key Points

• Chipko movement was the uprising against the felling of trees and sustaining the ecological balance started in Uttar Pradesh’s Chamoli district (now Uttarakhand) in 1973.
• The name of the movement ‘chipko’ comes from the word ’embrace’. Hugged the trees and encircled them to prevent being hacked.
• Sundarlal Bahuguna, a famous Gandhian, is said to have started this movement to guard the trees on the Himalayan slopes. Bahuguna is also known for coining the Chipko slogan ‘ecology is the permanent economy’.
• The movement’s biggest victory was making people aware of their rights to forests, and how grassroots activism can influence policy-making regarding ecology and shared natural resources.
• It was a silent, non-violent protest condemning ecological destruction.

The correct answer is Troposphere.

Key Points

• The air is one of the essential conditions for the existence of life on this planet. The air is a mixture of various gases and it encompasses the earth from all sides. The air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere.
• Troposphere:
• It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
• The layer starts at Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 km high (5 to 9 miles).
• The troposphere contains dust particles and water vapour.
• This is the most important layer of the atmosphere because all kinds of weather changes take place only in this layer.
• The zone dividing troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.

Additional Information

• Stratosphere:
• ​It lies beyond troposphere, up to an altitude of 50 km from the earth’s surface.
• The temperature in this layer remains constant for some distance but then rises to reach a level of 0°C at 50 km altitude.
• This rise is due to the presence of ozone.
• This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes. ​
• Mesosphere: 
• ​This is an intermediate layer beyond the ozone layer and continues up to an altitude of 80 km from the earth’s surface.
• The temperature gradually falls to -100°C at 80 km altitude.
• Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
• Thermosphere:
• ​In the thermosphere, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.
• The ionosphere is a part of this layer.
• It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in radio transmission.
• Exosphere:​
• This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km.
• The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
• Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into space from here.

The correct answer is wellness and welfare of women.

Key Points

• Swasthya Sakhi Project is aimed at enhancing women’s wellness and welfare, particularly during pregnancy, with a view to promoting a healthy lifestyle for both the mother and the child.
• A diagnostic kit will be given by the state government to healthcare workers, to help them provide essential diagnostic services to the residents of the state, right at their doorsteps.
• This will also enable them to digitise all the health information of the patients.
• The kit will consist of a full set of basic equipment needed for conducting tests like blood sugar, blood pressure, blood haemoglobin, and heart rate.
• It has been developed using corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds, by the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI).
• In addition, the kit will also allow the workers to monitor women’s health during pregnancy.