SSC CGL Previous Paper (Held On: 7 March 2020 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

In the certain coding language,

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘BFAPBF’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is,

1. ABDGK

A + 1 → B; B + 2 → D; D + 3 → G; G + 4 → K

2. BCEHL

B + 1 → C; C + 2 → E; E + 3 → H; H + 4 → L

3. GHJMP

G + 1 → H; H + 2 → J; J + 3 → M; M + 3 → P

4. NOQTX

N + 1 → O; O + 2 → Q; Q + 3 → T; T + 4 → X

Hence, ‘GHJMP’ is the odd one out.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the positional values of the alphabets,

A + 5 = F; F + 5 = K; K + 5 = P; P + 5 = U;

B + 5 = G; G + 5 = L; L + 5 = Q; Q + 5 = V;

D + 5 = I; I + 5 = N; N + 5 = S; S + 5 = X;

E + 5 = J; J + 5 = O; O + 5 = T; T + 5 = Y

Hence, ‘KLNO’ is the correct answer

The total number of triangles in the figure are:

Here Triangles are,

ABC, ACD, ABD, AEG, AGI, AEI,

BEF, EFJ, GHK, ELN, GIP, KOP,

JMN, LMQ, JQR, OPS, PGI, QRT,

RST, QST, LET, CDK, EBJ, PKS,

LNT, QJT, ADK, AIP, DHI,  PTL 

So, the figure has total  30 triangles.

Hence, ‘30’ is the correct answer

Hemant buys a dozen eggs for Rs. 5.50 per egg.

1 dozen = 12 units

Price of 1 dozen eggs = Rs. (12 × 5.50) = Rs. 66

While carrying them, two eggs wasted when fall down and get damaged. He sells the balanced eggs at Rs. 7.70 per egg

No. of eggs left after 2 egg gets broken is 10.

So price of 10 eggs with Rs. 7.70 per unit is Rs. 77

Profit = Rs. (77 – 66) = Rs. 11

Hence, the net profit earned by him in the overall deal is Rs. 11.

The pattern followed here is,

Row 1: (7 × 3) - (7 + 3) = 11

Row 2: (4 × 9) - (4 + 9) = 23

Similarly,

Row 3: (11 × 7) - (11 + 7) = 59

Hence, ‘59’ is the correct answer

‘Dhaka’ is the capital of country ‘Bangladesh’,

Similarly,

The capital of country ‘Pakistan’ ‘Islamabad’.

Hence, ‘Islamabad’ is the correct answer.

As per the given coding language,

P ÷ R × T + Q - S × U + Z → P is father of R, T is husband of R, Q is daughter of T, S is sister of Q, U is husband of S, Z is daughter of U.

Hence, R is ‘the maternal grandmother’ of Z

Mistake Points

• A + B means ‘B is the daughter of A’
• A - B means ‘B is the sister of A’
• A × B means ‘B is the husband of A’

These relations are given in the reverse order. (Take note of this)

The pattern followed here is,

1. 12 - 72 → 12 – (12 × 6)

2. 19 - 114 → 19 – (19 × 6)

3. 28 - 164 → 28 – (28 × 6) = 168 ≠ 164

4. 17 - 102 → 17 – (17 × 6)

Hence, ‘28 - 164’ is the odd one out.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed on the right of the figure is shown below:

Hence, figure 3 is the correct answer.

1. Acre → 4,046.9 m²
2. Square Yard → 0.836127 m²
3. Square Inch → 0.00064516 m²
4. Hectare → 10⁴ m²
5. Square Feet → 0.092903 m²

Arranging in ascending order, we get:

3. Square Inch → 0.00064516 m²
4. Square Feet → 0.092903 m²
5. Square Yard → 0.836127 m²
6. Acre → 4,046.9 m²
7. Hectare → 10⁴ m²

Hence, ‘3-5-2-1-4’ is the correct answer.

The option figure in which the given figure is embedded is shown below:

Hence, figure ‘1’ is the correct answer

The number of ladies of the club who NEITHER like to dance NOR like to mimic is represented by the shaded area, as shown below:

Number of ladies of the club who NEITHER like to dance NOR like to mimic = 41 + 23 = 64

Hence, ‘64’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is,

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘12303622’ is the correct answer.

Given series:

In 1^st, 3^rd and 5^th image we can see that the 1^st and 5^th images are same and the 3^rd image’s triangle is mirror image of the 1^st image’s triangle, while the arrow in 1^st image is facing downward while in 3^rd image the arrow is facing upward.

Following the same pattern,

The arrow in ‘?’ figure will be on the upside position facing east.

This condition is satisfied by option 1 only.

Hence, figure 1 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

3 : 20 → 3 : (3² + 1) × 2

Similarly,

7 : ? → 7 : (7² + 1) × 2

=> ? = 100

Hence, ‘100’ is the correct answer

1. × and ÷

Given equation: 121 ÷ 11 + 54 - 9 × 3 = 128

After interchanging ‘× and ÷’, we get:

L.H.S = 121 × 11 + 54 - 9 ÷ 3

= 1331 + 54 - 3

= 1385 - 3

= 1382 ≠ R.H.S

2. • and ×

Given equation: 121 ÷ 11 + 54 - 9 × 3 = 128

After interchanging ‘+ and ×’, we get:

L.H.S = 121 ÷ 11 × 54 - 9 + 3

= 11 × 54 - 9 + 3

= 594 - 9 + 3

= 597 - 9

= 588 ≠ R.H.S

3**)** ÷ and -

Given equation: 121 ÷ 11 + 54 - 9 × 3 = 128

After interchanging ‘÷ and -’, we get:

L.H.S = 121 - 11 + 54 ÷ 9 × 3

= 121 - 11 + 6 × 3

= 121 - 11 + 18

= 139 - 11

= 128 = R.H.S

4. • and -

Given equation: 121 ÷ 11 + 54 - 9 × 3 = 128

After interchanging ‘+ and -’, we get:

L.H.S = 121 ÷ 11 - 54 + 9 × 3

= 11 - 54 + 27

= 38 - 54

= - 16 ≠ R.H.S

Hence, ‘÷ and -‘ is the correct answer

The pattern followed here is,

The above values are positional values of vowels in the English alphabetical series.

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The vowels as per the English alphabetical series are A, E, I, O, and U.

The positional values of the A, E, I, O, and U are,

A → 1;

E → 5;

I → 9;

O → 15;

U → 21

Hence, 15 is the correct answer.

Solution:

The option that depicts how the given transparent sheet of paper would appear if it is folded at the dotted line is shown below:

Hence, figure 2 is the correct answer.

The logic is:

1. Carrot → The carrot is a root vegetable, grown underground

2. Potato → Grown underground

3. Spinach → Spinach is a leafy green vegetable and it grew above ground. 

4. Radish → TGrown underground

All options except ‘spinach’ grown under ground, while spinach is a leafy vegetable.

Hence, ‘spinach’ is the odd one out

‘%’ symbol is present in 1^st dice only, and # symbol is found in both 1^st and 3^rd dice.

Keeping the ‘#’ constant and then rotating in clockwise direction, we get the symbols opposite to each other.

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Hence, ‘+’ symbol will be on the face opposite to the one showing ’%’.

The pattern followed here is,

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

A + 3 = D;

D + 5 = I;

I + 7 = P;

P + 9 = Y

Hence, ‘I’ is the correct answer.

Here relation between animals and their sound is given.

Horses : Neigh → The sound made by horse is called neigh. (Animal – sound)

1. Bears : Roar → A lion roars, the sound of a bear is called growl.

2. Elephants : Whine → The sound made by elephant is called trumpet, while the sound made by mosquitoes is called whine.

3. Donkeys : Chortle → The sound made by kangaroos is called chortle, while donkeys make hee-haw bray sound.

4. Camels : Grunt → The sound made by camel is called grunt.

So, only ‘Camels : Grunt’ shows the same relation as ‘Horses : Neigh’.

Hence, ‘Camels : Grunt’ is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is as follows:

I. All tables are computers. → False, it is possible but not definite.

II. Some tables are computers. → True, as all laptops are computers and some tables are laptops.

III. Some computers are laptops. → True, as all laptops are computers and some tables are laptops.

Hence, only conclusions II and III follow

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, ‘27’ is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 29th August.

• National Sports Day is celebrated every year on 29th August.
• It is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of hockey legend Major Dhyan Chand.
• On this day, President of India honors eminent sports personalities with major awards including Khel Ratna, Arjuna Awards, Dronacharya Awards, and Dhyan Chand Award.
• Dhyan Chand: Born on August 29, 1905, Dhyan Chand is considered the greatest hockey player of all time.
• Born in Uttar Pradesh, Chand earned three Olympic gold medals in 1928, 1932 and 1936 in field hockey.
• He was conferred the Padma Bhushan award.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Odisha.

• Jaugada is an ancient fort that served as a Mauryan fortified capital of the Kalinga province.
• Jaugada is located in Odisha.
• In Odia language, Jau means Lac, and Gada means fort. Jaugada thus means a Lac fort.
• Jaugada is also known as Jatudurga.
• The rock edict inscriptions, engraved in Prakrit language in Brahmi script, have information about the better administrative policies based on Ashoka's humanitarian consideration.
• It is a protected heritage monument now under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Key Points

• With the help of Chanakya (Vishnugupta/ Kautilya), Chandragupta Maurya defeated Dhana Nanda (322 BCE) and founded the Mauryan Dynasty.
• Chanakya encouraged Chandragupta Maurya and his army to take over the throne of Magadha.
• His vast empire included Bihar, Bengal, Deccan (except modern Kerala, Tamilnadu, and parts of Northeast India), Eastern Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and the area west of the Indus river.

 

Important Points

bindusara

• Chandragupta was succeeded by his son Bindusara.
• Bindusara ruled for approximately 25-26 years and his succession was disputed which ultimately gave India a great king called Asoka.

Ashoka

• Asoka was the third and the greatest of the Mauryan rulers.
• Ashoka is referred to as Ashokavardhana.

Kunala

• Kunala was the son of Emperor Ashoka and Queen Padmavati and the presumptive heir to Ashoka.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e ​Armstrong Pame.

• Armstrong Pame: 
• He is an IAS officer in Manipur
• He came to the limelight by building a people's road through crowd funding that helped in connecting remote villages of Manipur.
• In 2012, IAS officer Armstrong was nominated for the CNN-IBN Indian of the Year Award in the Public Service Category and was bestowed with India’s Most Eminent IAS Officer Award in 2015.
• Irom Sharmila: She is known as the "Iron Lady of Manipur", went on a hunger strike in 2000 demanding the withdrawal of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act or AFSPA in Manipur.
• Mary Kom: She is from Manipur and she became the first Indian woman boxer to win a Gold Medal in the Asian Games in 2014 in South Korea and is also the first Indian woman boxer to win gold at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
• Dingo Singh:  He is from Manipur and he also won the gold medal at 1998  Bangkok Asian Games.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e ​Aam.

Key Points

Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN):

• It is a Civil Aviation Ministry’s Regional Connectivity Scheme.
• The scheme was launched in the month of October 2016.
• UDAN is an innovative scheme to develop the regional aviation market.
• It is a market-based mechanism in which airlines bid for seat subsidies.
• The scheme UDAN envisages providing connectivity to un-served and under-served airports of the country through the revival of existing airstrips and airports.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Belur Math Temple.

• On the 11th of January 2020, the Prime Minister dedicated Four Refurbished Heritage Buildings in Kolkata to the Nation.
• These are Old Currency Building, the Belvedere House, the Metcalfe House and the Victoria Memorial Hall.
• The headquarters of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission are situated at an area named Belur in the district of Howrah, West Bengal, India and the entire campus of the headquarters is popularly known as ‘Belur Math’.

The Correct Answer is Option 2.

• Make in India program:
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Make in India initiative on September 25, 2014.
• It was launched with the primary goal of encouraging multinational and domestic companies to manufacture their products in India.
• The initiative has been Led by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
• The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) has been renamed as the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade.
• Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw: He is the Minister of Railways
• Shri Piyush Goyal: Minister of Commerce & Industry in the Government of India.
• Dr. Mahendra Nath Pandey is under the charge of Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.
• SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK and SHRI SHANTANU THAKUR is Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Shipping.
• Union Minister for Science & Technology is Dr Jitendra Singh.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e pressure.

• Pressure: The pressure is defined as force per unit area. 
• A torr is a non-SI unit of pressure defined as 1/760 of an atmosphere.
• pascal (Pa), is the SI unit of pressure.
• Power: The rate of doing work is called power.
• The SI unit of power is the Watt.
• Energy: Capacity of doing work by a body is called its energy.
• SI unit of energy is Joule.
• Force: Any action which causes push or pull on a body is called force.
• The Newton is the SI unit of force.
• There are four basic forces in nature. They are:
• Gravitational Forces
• Weak Nuclear Forces
• Electromagnetic Forces
• Strong Nuclear Forces

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Governor of the state.

• Advocate General of states:
• Article 165 of the constitution talks about the Advocate General of states.
• He is the highest law officer in the state.
• He assists the state government in all its legal matters.
• The Governor of each State shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed a Judge of a High Court to be an Advocate-General for the State.
• The Advocate-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor.
• He shall receive such remuneration as the Governor may determine.
• Chief Minister of the state: Chief Minister of a state of India is the 'elected' head of the government and the executive authority lies with the Chief Minister. 
• He is appointed by the respective State Governor.
• President of India: He is the supreme commander of the Indian armed forces.
• The qualifications to become a president are: 
• He should be a citizen of India,
• He must have completed 35 years of age.
• He must be qualified to become a member of Lok Sabha.
• He should not hold any office of profit under the Union or state government.
• Governor of the state: 
• He is the constitutional head of the state.
• He is appointed by the president.
• He must have at least 35 years of age to become a governor.
• Chief Justice of the high court:
• He is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief justice of India as well as the Governor of the state concerned.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Reliance.

• Reliance Industries (RIL), became the first Indian company to hit the Rs 10 lakh crore market valuations.
• RIL: It is an Indian MNC company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• CEO: Mukesh Ambani.
• Bharti Airtel: It is established on July 07, 1995, as a Public Limited Company
• Founder: Sunil Bharti Mittal
• CEO: Gopal Vittal.
• BSNL: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. was incorporated on 15th September 2000.
• It is one of the largest & leading public sector units providing a comprehensive range of telecom services in India.
• CEO: Pravin Kumar Purwar.

The Correct Answer is Osmium.

Key Points

• Osmium (Atomic Number: 76):
• At the modest temperatures and pressures of Earth’s surface, the densest known material is the metallic element osmium
• It is used to produce very hard alloys for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, needles, and electrical contacts.
• The metal is not toxic, but its oxide is volatile and very toxic, causing lung, skin, and eye damage.

Additional Information

• Tungsten (Atomic Number: 74):
• ​It is also known as wolfram and has the highest melting point of all metallic elements.
• It is used to make filaments for incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent light bulbs.
• Aluminum (Atomic Number: 13):
• It is a silvery-white, lightweight metal.
• Aluminum is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen utensils.
• Rhodium (Atomic Number: 45):
• The major use of rhodium is in catalytic converters for cars (80%).
• It is used as an electrical contact material as it has a low electrical resistance and is highly resistant to corrosion.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Shashi Tharoor.

The Correct Answer is Option 2.

• The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.
• The 17 SDGs in order are:

1. Eliminate Poverty
2. Erase Hunger
3. Establish Good Health and Well-Being
4. Provide Quality Education
5. Enforce Gender Equality
6. Improve Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Grow Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Create Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Increase Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10. Reduce Inequality
11. Mobilize Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Influence Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Organize Climate Action
14. Develop Life Below Water
15. Advance Life On Land
16. Guarantee Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Build Partnerships for the Goals

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e 3, 8.

Concept:

• Alkanes are saturated open-chain hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon single bonds.
• Alkanes belong to the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• The general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms and 2n+2 is the number of hydrogen atoms.
• Methane is the first member of the alkane family.
• Alkenes, in organic chemistry, are unsaturated hydrocarbons that at least contain one carbon-carbon double bond.
• They are more reactive than alkanes, burn with a sooty and smoky flame which is yellow in color.
• This indicates incomplete combustion due to the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond.

Explanation:

• Propane
• Propane is a colourless, odourless gas with a chemical formula of C₃H₈ i.e 3 carbon and 8 hydrogen atoms.
• The structure of propane is:

​

• Propane is a three-carbon alkane gas.
• Propane is primarily a byproduct of domestic natural gas processing.
• It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapour pressure.
• Propane is commonly used for space and water heating, for cooking, and as fuel for engine applications.
• Ethylene is a chemical compound with the formula C₂H₄. It is the simplest alkene.
• C₄H₇ is the molecular formulae of Butylidene.
• Ethane is the second most simplest alkane after methane.
• It has 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms with the molecular formula C₂H₆.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e Crust.

• A caldera is a large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses.
• The crust is the outermost layer of the earth and is made of solid rocks and minerals. 
• Oceanic crust is denser compared to the continental crust.
• Continental crust is mainly composed of silicon and aluminium, often termed as sial.
• Mantle: Beneath the crust is the mantle, which is also mostly solid rocks and minerals.
• ​The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called the lithosphere.
• It is composed of magnesium and silicon, often termed as sima.
• Core:
• The outer core is in a liquid state while the inner core is in solid-state.
• The core is made up of nickel and iron, often termed as nife.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Mohun Bagan AC. 

• The Federation Cup was the first official knockout club tournament in India.
• Started back in 1977, it was headed by the governing body of Indian football - AIFF.
• The first competition was held in Ernakulam, Kerala.
• Praful Patel: AIFF President.
• Mohun Bagan AC has won the Federation Cup Football Tournament for the most number of times.
• Bengaluru FC: Bengaluru Football Club was formed by the JSW Group in 2013.
• Salgaocar SC: It is an Indian professional football club based in Vasco, Goa.
• They are owned by the V. M. Salgaocar Group of Companies and play in the I-League and Goa Professional League.
• East Bengal FC: East Bengal Football Club was established on 1st August 1920 as a Sports and Cultural association of people who primarily hailed from the eastern provinces of Bengal before the partition
• It is a professional football club based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

CONCEPT:

Sound: 

• A local disturbance whose propagation is facilitated by the collisions between particles, this disturbance propagates in a longitudinal wave, imagine one molecule hitting the next molecule, and then that molecule hitting the next, and so forth.
• It is a mechanical wave that needs a medium to travel.
• The speed of sound is maximum in solid then it is in liquid and slowest in gases.

EXPLANATION:

• The speed of sound is actually the speed of transmission of a small disturbance through a medium i.e the rate at which sound travels through a medium.
• Sound cannot travel in a vacuum as there is no medium for the sound to travel through.
• The speed of sound in air is about 332 meters per second.
• Sound travels fastest in solids (such as steel), then liquid, and then least in gases.

The correct answer is The conqueror.

Key Points

• "Jain" or "Jaina" means a follower of Jina.
• The word 'Jain' comes from the word 'Jina' which means a conqueror.
• The Jain philosophy bases its doctrine on the absolute necessity of conquering the lower nature for the realization of Truth.
• The universal principles of Jainism are
• Ahimsa (non-injury)
• Satyam (truthfulness)
• Asteya (non-stealing)
• Brahmacharya (celibacy)
• Aparigraha (non-covetousness).

The Correct Answer is Option 4.

• The Swaraj Party or the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party was formed within the Congress by Chittaranjan Das (C R Das) and Motilal Nehru on 1 January 1923.
• Swaraj Party was formed after the Gaya session of Congress in December 1922, which was presided by C R Das.
• C R Das was the President and Motilal Nehru was the Secretary of the Swaraj Party.
• Aruna Asaf Ali is popularly known as Grand Old Lady of Indian Independence movement.

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e ​Dayanand Saraswati.

• Swami Dayanand Saraswati in Satyarth Prakash gave the Tibet home theory that Tibet was the original home of the Aryans.
• Max Muller in central Asian theory propounded that central Asia was the original home of the Aryans.
• His opinion was that the information, regarding the early Aryans, could be gathered from two main sources. They are Vedic literature and the Iranian book Zend-Avesta.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak put forward the Arctic region theory in which he propounded that the Arctic region was the original home of Aryans.
• His view is that the description of the natural phenomenon in Rigveda tallies with that of the region of North-Pole.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Camel.

• The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
• In the original, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
• Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra).

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Odisha.

• Madhya Pradesh:
• It is the second-largest state in India in terms of area.
• It shares borders with 5 states.
• The state is bound on the north by Uttar Pradesh, the east by Chhattisgarh, the south by Maharashtra, and the west by Gujarat and Rajasthan.
• Chief Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan
• Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e 120.

• The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each.
• As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.
• It has the shape of regular hexagon with the bond angles of 120 degrees in the structure.
• Benzene is found in crude oil and is a major part of gasoline.
• It's used to make plastics, resins, synthetic fibers, rubber lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs and pesticides.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e ​Girish Chandra Murmu.

• Girish Chandra Murmu:
• He is the first Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir since October 2019.
• The Jammu and Kashmir High Court Chief Justice Gita Mittal administered the oath office and secrecy to Murmu.
• Murmu is a 1985-batch IAS officer of Gujarat cadre.
• Jagdish Mukhi is the current governor of Assam.
• Lalji Tandon is the current Governor of Madhya Pradesh.
• Satyapal Malik is the current Governor of Goa.

The Correct Answer is Option 1.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e wetlands.

• Ramsar Convention:
• The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands.
• It is named after the Iranian city of Ramsar, on the Caspian Sea, where the treaty was signed on 2 February 1971.
• it is also known as the wetlands convention.
• As of July 2021, there are 42 wetlands in India that have international importance and are hence recognized as the Ramsar Sites in India.
• The newly added 10 new Ramsar sites in India are:
• Maharashtra gets its first Ramsar site (Nandur Madhameshwar), Punjab which already had 3 Ramsar sites adds 3 more (Keshopur-Miani, Beas Conservation Reserve, Nangal) and UP with 1 Ramsar site has added 6 more (Nawabganj, Parvati Agra, Saman, Samaspur, Sandi and SarsaiNawar).
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides the overarching framework for the governance of the oceans.

Calculations:

Let the number be x.

After increasing by 25%,

New number = x + (x × 25%)

⇒ x + (x/4)

⇒ 5x/4

∴ The number should be multiplied by 5/4.

Concept Used:

If n is odd then, an + bn is divisible by (a + b)

Calculation:

Here given,

5⁷⁰ + 7⁷⁰

⇒ 25³⁵ + 49³⁵

Here n = 35, which is an odd number.

⇒ aⁿ + bⁿ is divisible by (a + b)

⇒ 2535 + 49³⁵ is divisible by (25 + 49) = 74

⇒ (5²)³⁵ + (7²)³⁵ is divisible by 74

⇒ 5⁷⁰ + 7⁷⁰ is divisible by 74

So, we can say 5⁷⁰ + 7⁷⁰ is completely divisibly by 74.

So, the remainder is 0.

Additional Information

1. If n is even then, aⁿ - bⁿ is divisible by both (a + b) and (a - b)
2. If n is odd then, aⁿ - bⁿ is divisible by (a - b)

Shortcut Trick

For a round trip distance D with boat speed u and stream speed v, Total Time T = [2 × D × u] ÷ [u² − v²].

Given: T = 1 hour (60 min), D = 12 km, v = 3 km/h.

1 = [2 × 12 × u] ÷ [u² − 3²] ⇒ u² − 9 = 24u ⇒ u² − 24u − 9 = 0.

Using quadratic formula: u = [24 + √(24² − 4 × 1 × (−9))] ÷ 2 = [24 + √(576 + 36)] ÷ 2 = [24 + √612] ÷ 2.

u = [24 + 6√17] ÷ 2 = 12 + 3√17 = 3(4 + √17).

∴ The correct answer is 3(4 + √17) km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Stream speed (v) = 3 km/h

Distance (D) = 12 km

Total time (T) = 60 min = 1 hour

Let speed of boat in still water be u km/h.

Start Point B 12 km

Downstream: (u + 3) km/h

Upstream: (u − 3) km/h

Total Time = 1 Hour

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Downstream Speed = u + v

Upstream Speed = u − v

Calculations:

⇒ Total Time = [Distance ÷ (u + v)] + [Distance ÷ (u − v)]

⇒ 1 = [12 ÷ (u + 3)] + [12 ÷ (u − 3)]

⇒ 1 = 12 × [(u − 3 + u + 3) ÷ (u² − 3²)]

⇒ 1 = 12 × [2u ÷ (u² − 9)]

⇒ u² − 9 = 24u

⇒ u² − 24u − 9 = 0

⇒ u = [24 ± √((−24)² − 4 × 1 × (−9))] ÷ 2

⇒ u = [24 ± √(576 + 36)] ÷ 2

⇒ u = [24 ± √612] ÷ 2

⇒ u = [24 ± 6√17] ÷ 2

⇒ u = 12 + 3√17 (Since speed cannot be negative)

⇒ u = 3(4 + √17)

∴ The correct answer is 3(4 + √17) km/h.

Additional Information

Downstream Speed

When the boat travels in the direction of the stream: Downstream speed = u + v.

Upstream Speed

When the boat travels against the direction of the stream: Upstream speed = u − v.

Speed of Boat in Still Water

If Downstream speed (D) and Upstream speed (U) are known: u = (D + U) ÷ 2.

Speed of Stream

If Downstream speed (D) and Upstream speed (U) are known: v = (D − U) ÷ 2.

AB = 11.7, AC = 7.8 and BC = 13 and BC = BD + DC

In ΔABC, AD is bisector of ∠A, then

AB/AC = BD/DC

11.7/7.8 = BD/DC

Ratio of BD : DC = 117 : 78 = 3 : 2

⇒ 3 + 2 = 5 unit

⇒ 5 unit = 13

⇒ 1 unit = 13/5

⇒ 2 unit = 13/5 × 2 = 5.2

Let sum be Rs. x

As we know,

SI = Prt/100

According to the question

(x × 5 × 7)/100 – (x × 3 × 9)/100 = 475

⇒ (35x – 27x)/100 = 475

⇒ 8x/100 = 475

⇒ x = 475 × (100/8)

⇒ x = 5937.5

Short Trick:

Let the sum be 100%

According to the question

⇒ 35% - 27% = 475

⇒ 8% = 475

⇒ 100% = 475/8 × 100 = 5937.5

Total SP = 30 × 2 = 60

CP of first gift = 30 × (100/118) = 25.42

CP of second gift = 30 × (100/82) = 36.58

Total CP = 25.42 + 36.58 = 62

Loss = 62 – 60 = Rs. 2

Other Method :

Total CP = 100%

As we know, When one article sold at 18% profit and other 18% loss and selling price of each is same, then loss percentage = (18 × 18)/100 = 3.24%

Total SP in % = 100 – 3.24 = 96.76%

Total SP in Rs. = 30 × 2 = 60

96.76% = 60

⇒ 1% = 60/96.76

⇒ 3.24% = [60/96.76] × 3.24 = Rs. 2 (approx)

Total work = 18

Efficiency of C = 6 – 3 – 2 = 1

C will complete the work alone in = 18/1 = 18

Radius of the circle r = 14 cm

Area of the circle = πr² = (22/7) × 14 × 14 = 616 cm²

Circumference of the circle = 2 πr = 2 × (22/7) × 14 = 88 cm

Let PS be x cm, then QS = (15 – x) cm

PS = PU, QS = QT, RT = RU [tangents]

⇒ QT = (15 – x) cm

⇒ RT = 10 – (15 – x) = x – 5

⇒ RU = (x – 5)

⇒ PU = 12 – x + 5 = 17 – x

⇒ 17 – x = x

⇒ 2x = 17

⇒ x = 17/2

⇒ x = 8.5 cm

⇒ PS = 8.5

⇒ QT = 15 – 8.5 = 6.5

⇒ RU = 8.5 – 5 = 3.5

As we know,

a⁴ + 1/a⁴ = 50

⇒ (a² + 1/a²)² = a⁴ + 1/a⁴ + 2 = 50 + 2 = 52

⇒ a² + 1/a² = √52 = 2 √13

⇒ (a + 1/a)² = a² + 1/a² + 2

⇒ (a + 1/a)² = 2√13 + 2

$\Rightarrow {\rm{}}\left( {a + \frac{1}{a}} \right) = \sqrt {2\left( {1; + ;\sqrt {13} } \right)}$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{}}{a^3} + \frac{1}{{{a^3}}} = {\left( {a; + ;\frac{1}{a}} \right)^3} - 3\left( {a + \frac{1}{a}} \right)$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{;}}{a^3} + \frac{1}{{{a^3}}} = \left( {a + \frac{1}{a}} \right)[{\left( {a; + ;\frac{1}{a}} \right)^2} - 3]$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{;}}{a^3} + \frac{1}{{{a^3}}} = \sqrt {2\left( {1; + ;\sqrt {13} } \right)} \left[ {2 + 2\sqrt {13} - 3} \right]$

$\Rightarrow {\rm{}}{a^3} + \frac{1}{{{a^3}}} = \sqrt {2\left( {1 + \sqrt {13} } \right)} \left[ { - 1 + 2\sqrt {13} } \right]$

Length of each side equal side of an isosceles triangle = 15 cm

If the triangle is an isosceles right-angled triangle, then

Area of the triangle = 1/2 × 15 × 15 = 225/2

Total amount of interest which the company had to pay = 23.5 + 30 + 40 + 35 + 45 = 173.5

Average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay = 173.5/5 = 34.7 lakh

25a² – 9

⇒ (5a)² – 3²                                                    

⇒ (5a – 3) (5a + 3)

As we know,

(a² – b²) = (a – b)(a + b)

(a + b + 2c) (a² + b² + 4c² – ab – 2bc – 2ca)

⇒ a³ + b³ + 8c³ – 6abc

As we know,

⇒ x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x² + y² + z² – xy – yz – zx)

Short trick:

Profit percentage = 60 – 25 – (60 × 25)/100 = 20%

Detailed Method:

Let CP of the article be Rs. 100

MP of the article = 100 × (160/100) = Rs. 160

SP of the article = 160 × (75/100) = Rs. 120

Profit = 20%

Profit % = 20/100 × 100 = 20%

cotθ + tan θ = 2 secθ

Put θ = 30

⇒ √3 + 1/√3 = 2 × 2/√3

⇒ 4/√3 = 4/√3 (satisfied)

Now,

⇒ (tan2θ – secθ)/(cot2θ + cosecθ)

⇒ (tan60 – sec30)/(cot60 + cosec30)

⇒ (√3 – 2/√3)/(1/√3 + 2)

⇒ (1/√3)/(2√3 + 1)/√3)

⇒ 1/(2√3 + 1) × [(2√3 – 1)/(2√3 – 1)]

⇒ (2√3 – 1)/(12 – 1)

⇒ (2√3 – 1)/11

Detailed Method:

⇒ cot θ + tan θ = 2 sec θ

⇒ cos θ/sin θ + sin θ/cos θ = 2/cos θ

⇒ (cos² θ + sin² θ)/sinθ cosθ = 2/cosθ

⇒ 1/sinθ = 2

⇒ sin θ = 1/2

⇒ sin θ = sin 30

⇒ θ = 30

Now,

⇒ (tan2θ – secθ)/(cot2θ + cosecθ)

⇒ (tan60 – sec30)/(cot60 + cosec30)

⇒ (√3 – 2/√3)/(1/√3 + 2)

⇒ (1/√3)/(2√3 + 1)/√3)

⇒ 1/(2√3 + 1) × [(2√3 – 1)/(2√3 – 1)]

⇒ (2√3 – 1)/(12 – 1)

⇒ (2√3 – 1)/11

5.6 – {2 + 0.6 of (2.1 – 2.6 × 1.12)}

⇒ 5.6 – {2 + 0.6 of (2.1 – 2.912)}

⇒ 5.6 – {2 + 0.6 of (-0.812)}

⇒ 5.6 – {2 + 0.6 × (-0.812)}

⇒ 5.6 – {2 – 0.4872}

⇒ 5.6 – 1.5128

⇒ 4.0872

5 cos² θ + 1 = 3 sin² θ

⇒ Put θ = 60

⇒ 5 cos² 60 + 1 = 3 sin² 60

⇒ 5 × 1/4 + 1 = 3 × 3/4

⇒ 5/4 + 1 = 9/4

⇒ 9/4 = 9/4 (satisfied)

Now,

⇒ (tan θ + sec θ)/(cot θ + cosec θ)

⇒ (tan 60 + sec 60)/(cot 60 + cosec 60)

⇒ (√3 + 2)/(1/√3 + 2/√3)

⇒ (√3 + 2)/[(1 + 2)/√3]

⇒ (3 + 2√3)/3

Detailed Method:

⇒ 5 cos² θ + 1 = 3 sin² θ

⇒ 5 – 5 sin² θ + 1 = 3 sin² θ

⇒ 6 = 8 sin² θ

⇒ sin² θ = 6/8

⇒ sin² θ = 3/4

⇒ sin θ = √3/2

⇒ sin θ = sin 60

⇒ θ = 60

Now,

⇒ (tan θ + sec θ)/(cot θ + cosec θ)

⇒ (tan 60 + sec 60)/(cot 60 + cosec 60)

⇒ (√3 + 2)/(1/√3 + 2/√3)

⇒ (√3 + 2)/[(1 + 2)/√3]

⇒ (3 + 2√3)/3

Total students = 65

Number of girls = 35

Number of boys = 65 – 35 = 30

Ratio of boys to girls = 30 : 35 = 6 : 7

{(sin27/cos63) – (cos27/sin63)}²

⇒ {(sin27/sin27) – (sin63/sin63)}²

⇒ 1 – 1

⇒ 0

As we know,

⇒ sin (90 – θ) = cos θ

⇒ cos (90 – θ) = sin θ

The sides of triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm.

As we know,

⇒ 5² = 3² + 4²

⇒ 25 = 9 + 16

⇒ 25 = 25

Now, we can say triangle is a right angled triangle.

Area of right angled triangle = 1/2 × 4 × 3 = 6 cm²

Total percentage of person below the age of 35 years = 31 + 5.25 + 14.25 = 50.5%

Out of every 50,000 people, the number of persons below the age of 35 = 50000 × 50.5/100 = 25250

Given:

The average score of students on section A and B = 49

Total number of students in A and B = 90

Number of students in A = 25% more than that of B

The average score of students in B = 20% higher than that of A

Concept used:

Average = sum of the elements/number of elements

Calculation:

Let the number of students in section B be x.

Let the average score of students in A be y.

Nubmer of students in section A = 125% of B = (5/4) × x

We know, x + (5/4) x = 90

Or, x = 90 × 4/9 = 40

Then, the number of students in section A = 50

Total score of students in section A = 50 × y 

Total score of students in section B = 40 × 120% × y

Total score of students in section B = 40 × (6y/5) = 48y

Total score of all students of A and B = 90 × 49 = 4410

50y + 48y = 98y = 4410 

Or, y = 4410/98 = 45

Thus, the average score of students in class A id 45.

  

Let the number of students in section B be 4

Number of students in section A = 4 × (5/4) = 5

Total students = 5 + 4 = 9

Average score in mathematics of 9 students = 49

Let the average score of section A be 5x

Average score of section B = 5x × (6/5) = 6x

According to the question

⇒ 5x × 5 + 6x × 4 = 9 × 49

⇒ 25x + 24x = 9 × 49

⇒ 49x = 9 × 49

⇒ x = 9

Average score of section A = 5 × 9 = 45

∴ The average score of students in class A is 45.

Let the population of State B be x

The population of males above the poverty line of Stage B = x × 75/100 × 2/5

According to the question

3x/10 = 2.5

⇒ x = 25/3

⇒ x = $8\frac{1}{3}$ million

Let the total population of State C be x

Number of males population below the poverty line of State C = x × 19/100 × 3/5 = 57x/500

According to the question

⇒ 57x/500 = 3

⇒ x = (3 × 500)/57

⇒ x = 26.316 million

The correct answer is Option 1.

• Adorned (past tense): make more beautiful or attractive.
• Allured (past tense): powerfully attract or charm; tempt.
• Adjourned (past tense): break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later.
• Attracted (past tense): cause (someone) to have a liking for or interest in something.

The beautiful red roses made the bride's hair look more beautiful.

Beautiful red roses adorned the bride's hair.

Thus other options are incorrect to use in the context.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Illuminate means to light up; decorate.

Other words mean:

• Illustrate: serve as an example of; provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures.
• Infuriate: make (someone) extremely angry and impatient
• Elucidate: make (something) clear; explain.

The correct answer is Option 1 i.e Goodwill

 

  Explanation

Let's look at the meaning of the given word and the option:

• Malice: the desire to harm someone; ill will
• Goodwill: friendly, helpful; cooperative feelings or attitude.

​Here we find that both Malice and Goodwill express the opposite meaning.

Therefore both the words are Antonyms, and thus Option 1 Goodwill is the correct answer.

Let's look at the meaning of other words:

• Hypocrisy: The practice of claiming to have higher standards or more noble beliefs than is the case.
• Humility: the quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance.
• Truth: the quality or state of being true; in accordance with fact or reality.

The correct answer is Option 4.

The simple past tense is used to refer to an action that happened in the past. It often occurs with an adverb of time phrase.

Options 1, 2 & 3 make the sentence grammatically incorrect because of the use of present and present perfect tense.

Thus the correct sentence will be: The first such set was made in 1890.

The correct answer is Option 2.

• 'Some', 'any', and 'many' are determiners.
• 'Some' is used in positive sentences.
• 'Any' is used in a negative sentence that has 'not'.

Thus, 'some' must be replaced with 'any'.

The correct sentence will be: I do not see any reason why my application should be rejected.

The correct answer is Option 4.

'from darkness' is erroneous. It must be replaced with 'of darkness'.

Darkness is a state of being dark, where there is no little or no light.

The sentence talks about the little child being afraid in a situation where it is dark.

Thus the correct sentence will be: As a child, she was afraid of darkness.

The correct answer is Option 2.

The given sentence is an assertive sentence in Direct speech. It will be converted in Indirect speech.

When we convert from direct speech to indirect speech, the following changes take place:

1. The tense of the Reported Verb does not change.
2. The verb in the reported speech does not undergo any change if the reporting verb is in the present or future tense. Here, the reporting verb is in the present perfect tense and hence the verb in the reported speech 'will coach' will remain as it is.
3. Determiner 'that' is added and inverted commas are omitted.

Following the changes, the indirect speech will be: The Principal has said that Mr. Surinder will coach the football team.

When we convert a sentence from direct to indirect speech, we make the following changes:

• Quotation marks are omitted and the sentence ends with a full stop.
• The tense of the verb, in the reported speech involving any order, request and instruction does not undergo any change during the conversion from direct to indirect mode. This is also true if the statement is a universal truth.
• If the reporting verb is in the present tense, it does not undergo any change.
• We add the word 'to' before the verb if the verb is in the bare infinitive.
• When the reporting or principal verb is in the present tense, all present tenses of the direct are changed into the corresponding past tenses.
• Words expressing nearness in time or place are generally converted into words expressing distance.
  

For eg. now becomes then, today becomes that day, yesterday becomes the previous day, this becomes that, etc.

• In reporting commands and requests, the verb expressing command or request is added and the imperative is changed into the infinitive.
• In reporting questions the verbs like asked inquired are added
• In reporting exclamations and wishes, the verbs expressing exclamation or wish are added.
• When we convert a sentence from the direct to the indirect mode(especially for a sentence ending with a mark of interrogation), we reverse the subject-verb placement. In direct sentences, we have the verb before the subject; while in indirect, the verb follows the subject.

Thus other options are incorrect as they do not follow the rules of conversion.

The correct answer is Option 2.

• Foul: offensive to the senses, especially through having a disgusting smell or taste or being dirty
• Fragrant: having a pleasant or sweet smell

Fragrant is the antonym of foul.

• Nasty: very bad or unpleasant
• Vile: extremely unpleasant
• Proud: feeling satisfaction and pleasure because of something that you have achieved, possess, or are a part of

Thus nasty and vile are synonymous with foul.

The correct answer is Option 2.

The given sentence is an assertive sentence in the active voice. It's structure is Subject + helping verb + present continuous tense + Direct object + Indirect object.

She + is + teaching + French + to + children.

When we convert the sentence in Passive Voice, its structure is: Indirect Object + is / am / are + being + V2 + Direct Object + by + Subject.

Children + are + being + taught + French + by + her.

Rules of Conversion from Active to Passive Voice:

• Identify the subject, the verb and the object: S+V+O
• Change the object into subject
• The active verb does not have an object. Therefore, the passive form should begin with you.
• Change the verb into past participle of the verb
• Change the subject into object

Thus the correct sentence is: Children are being taught French by her.

Other options do not match the rules of conversion and are hence incorrect.

The correct answer is Option 4.

• Thrive: (of a child, animal, or plant) grow or develop well or vigorously; prosper; flourish.
• Flourish: (of a living organism) grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way, especially as the result of a particularly congenial environment; develop rapidly and successfully.

Flourish is synonymous with Thrive.

• Shrink: become or make smaller in size or amount.
• Languish: (of a person, animal, or plant) lose or lack vitality; grow weak.
• Crave: feel a powerful desire for (something).

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Appreciate: to rise in value
• Example: Living in the city has taught me to appreciate the differences between people.

Let us look at the meanings of other words:

• Extend: cause to cover a wider area; make larger.
• Example: The caves extend for some 15 kilometres.
• Depreciate: diminish in value over a period of time.
• Example: The demand for foreign currency depreciates the real value of local currencies
• Enlarge: make or become larger or more extensive.
• Example: As time advanced there was a growing tendency to enlarge the royal seal.​

Hence, option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is Option 1.

'A' is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound.

Other articles 'an' and 'the' are incorrect to use in the context.

The smallest doll is the baby, made from a single piece of wood.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Correspond is incorrectly spelled as Corresspond.

• Correspond: have a close similarity; match or agree almost exactly; communicate by exchanging letters.
  

Other words are correctly spelled and their meanings are:

• Colleague: a person with whom one works in a profession or business.
• Commission: a group of people entrusted by a government or other official body with authority to do something.
• Committee: a group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger group and typically consisting of members of that group

The correct answer is Option 3.

• 'Either' is used when we refer to a choice between two possibilities.
• 'Neither' is used in a negative sentence about two people or things at the same time.
• 'Some' is used in a positive sentence.
• 'Every' is used when referring to all the members of the group.

The figures inside may be of either gender.

No other option other than 'either' fits in the blank.