Shortcut Trick
For an algebraic expression of the form x + 1/x = k, the value of x3 + 1/x3 is calculated as k3 − 3k.
Given that x + 1/x = 5, we have k = 5.
⇒ Value = 53 − 3 × 5
⇒ Value = 125 − 15 = 110.
∴ The correct answer is 110.
Alternate Method
Given:
x + 1/x = 5
Formula Used:
The algebraic identity for the cube of a binomial: (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
Calculations:
Cubing both sides of the given equation:
⇒ (x + 1/x)3 = 53
⇒ x3 + (1/x)3 + 3 × x × (1/x) × (x + 1/x) = 125
⇒ x3 + 1/x3 + 3 × 1 × (x + 1/x) = 125
Substituting the value of (x + 1/x) = 5:
⇒ x3 + 1/x3 + 3(5) = 125
⇒ x3 + 1/x3 + 15 = 125
⇒ x3 + 1/x3 = 125 − 15
⇒ x3 + 1/x3 = 110
Therefore, the correct option is 3.
∴ The correct answer is 110.
Additional Information
Square Identity
If x + 1/x = k, then x2 + 1/x2 = k2 − 2.
Negative Sign Identity (Cube)
If x − 1/x = k, then x3 − 1/x3 = k3 + 3k.
Negative Sign Identity (Square)
If x − 1/x = k, then x2 + 1/x2 = k2 + 2.
Higher Powers
To find x4 + 1/x4, square the result of x2 + 1/x2 and subtract 2.