Shortcut Trick

Calculate total days for 100% work for each person.

A → 10 × 4 = 40 days.

B → 40 ÷ 0.4 = 100 days.

C → 13 × 3 = 39 days.

Least days = Fastest speed.

∴ The correct answer is C.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ A: 25% (1/4) work in 10 days → Total time = 10 × 4 = 40 days.

⇒ B: 40% (2/5) work in 40 days → Total time = 40 × (5/2) = 100 days.

⇒ C: 1/3 work in 13 days → Total time = 13 × 3 = 39 days.

Calculations:

⇒ Speed is inversely proportional to time taken.

⇒ Time taken: B (100 days) > A (40 days) > C (39 days).

⇒ Since C takes the minimum time, C has the fastest speed.

∴ The correct answer is C.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. Efficiency = Work ÷ Time.

Pipes and Cisterns

Similar to time and work, where filling a tank is positive work and emptying it is negative work.

Man-Days Formula

M₁D₁H₁/W₁ = M₂D₂H₂/W₂, used for comparing work done by different groups.

Given:

Vertices of triangle = (2, 7), (5, 1), (x, 3)

Formula:

Area of triangle = 1/2 × [x1(y2 - y3) + x2(y3 - y1) + x3(y1 - y2)]

Calculation:

⇒ 18 = 1/2 × [2(1 - 3) + 5(3 - 7) + x(7 - 1)]

⇒ 36 = -4 - 20 + 6x

⇒ 6x = 60

⇒ x = 10

∴ Value of x = 10.

 

 

NOTE: Options are changed as given options are not correct.

Shortcut Trick

When an original owner repurchases an item, their net financial gain is exactly equal to the second person's cash loss.

Montoo's Cost Price = 150000 × (100 + 5) ÷ 100 = Rs. 157500.

Montoo's Loss = 2% of 157500 = Rs. 3150.

This loss amount represents Raju's exact net profit.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 3150.

Alternate Method

Given:

Original CP of the car for Raju = Rs. 150000

Raju's profit percentage = 5%

Montoo's loss percentage = 2%

Calculations:

⇒ Selling Price (SP) of Raju = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100

⇒ SP of Raju = 150000 × (100 + 5) ÷ 100 = 150000 × 105 ÷ 100 = Rs. 157500

⇒ This SP becomes the Cost Price for Montoo.

⇒ SP of Montoo = 157500 × (100 − 2) ÷ 100 = 157500 × 98 ÷ 100 = Rs. 154350

⇒ Raju initially made a profit of: 157500 − 150000 = Rs. 7500

⇒ To repurchase the car, Raju paid an extra amount over the original CP: 154350 − 150000 = Rs. 4350

⇒ Raju's net financial gain = Initial Profit − Extra amount paid

⇒ Net gain = 7500 − 4350 = Rs. 3150

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 3150.

Additional Information

Closed Loop Repurchase

If person A sells an item to person B and later buys it back, A's net physical assets are restored. Their net financial gain exactly equals B's net cash loss.

Successive Transactions

When an item changes hands sequentially, the final price is determined by chaining the percentage changes: Final Price = Initial Price × (1 ± P₁/100) × (1 ± P₂/100).

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when Selling Price > Cost Price (Profit = SP − CP). Loss occurs when Cost Price > Selling Price (Loss = CP − SP). Both are fundamentally calculated based on the Cost Price.

Given:

ΔABC ~ ΔDEF,

If BC = 12.5 cm and EF = 10 cm

Calculation:

According to the question ΔABC ~ ΔDEF,

Applying similarity rule

AB/DE = BC/EF = AC/DF

Then, Using formulae

Area of (ΔABC) : Area of (ΔDEF) = BC²/EF² = (12.5/10)² = 25/16

∴ Area of (ΔABC) : Area of(ΔDEF) = 25 : 16

​The correct answer is Rajasthan.

• Sariska National park is located in Rajasthan.
• Sariska Tiger Reserve is well nestled in the Aravali Hills covering an 800 sq km area divided into grasslands, dry deciduous forests, sheer cliffs, and rocky landscape.
• The Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary houses the ruins of medieval temples of Garh-Rajor that date back to the 10th and 11th centuries. Also, a 17th-century castle on a hilltop at Kankwari provides a panoramic view of flying vultures and eagles.
• The Sariska was declared a sanctuary in 1955 and attained the status of a National Park in 1979.

Key Points

• Rajasthan is a state in northern India. It covers 342,239 square kilometers or 10.4 percent of India's total geographical area.
• It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh-largest by population.
• Rajasthan's capital is Jaipur and its current Governor is Kalraj Mishra.
• The chief minister of Rajasthan is Bhajan Lal Sharma.

Additional Information

Given:

Statements: 

(i) All balls are flowers.

(ii) All bats are balls.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

Option (1) No ball is a flower → False (Because All balls are flowers so some flowers will be also balls).

Option (2) Some flowers are bats → True (Because All bats are balls and All balls are flowers so definitely some flowers will be bats).

Option (3) Some balls are bats → True (Because All bats are balls so some balls will be also bats).

Option (4) All bats are flowers → True (Because All bats are balls and All balls are flowers so definitely all bats will be also flowers).

Hence, “Option (1)” does NOT follow from the statements.

Additional Information

​The correct answer is Sumitra Mahajan.

Key Points

• Sumitra Mahajan was the Speaker of the 16th Lok Sabha.
• Sumitra Mahajan was born on 12 April 1943, is an Indian politician who was the Speaker of Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019. She belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party.
• On 6 June 2014, Mahajan was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the 16th Lok Sabha. She had earlier worked as a member of the 'Panel of Chairmen' in the Lok Sabha.
• She was the eldest and seniormost among woman Members of Parliament in the 16th Lok Sabha. She is the second woman after Meira Kumar to be elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. She was awarded India's third highest civilian award the Padma Bhushan in 2021.
• She represented the Indore constituency of Madhya Pradesh from 1989 to 2019 as the longest-serving Woman Member of Parliament, and then retired from electoral politics.

Additional Information

 

Important Points

• Om Birla MP is the 17th and current Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

​The correct answer is Mariana Trench.

• The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is considered to be the deepest point known on Earth.
• The Mariana Trench is a crescent-shaped trench in the Western Pacific, just east of the Mariana Islands near Guam.
• The Mariana Trench contains the deepest known points on Earth, vents bubbling up liquid sulfur and carbon dioxide, active mud volcanoes, and marine life adapted to pressures 1,000 times that at sea level.
• In 2010, the Challenger Deep was pegged at 36,070 feet (10,994 m), as measured with sound pulses sent through the ocean during a 2010 survey by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
• The ocean's second-deepest place is also in the Mariana Trench. The Sirena Deep, which lies 124 miles (200 kilometres) to the east of Challenger Deep, is a bruising 35,462 feet deep (10,809 m).

Key Points

​The correct answer is President.

Key Points

• In India, all the bills introduced and passed by both the houses (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha) can come into force only after they receive the assent of the President of India.
• A Bill is a proposed legislative proposal that, when enacted, becomes a Law. Bills are roughly grouped into four types:
• Ordinary Bill (Article 107, Article 108) - It is concerned with any matter other than financial subjects.
• Money Bill (Article 110) - It is concerned with financial matters like taxation, public expenditure, etc.
• Financial Bill (Article 117 [1], Article 117[3]) - It is concerned with financial matters (but are different from money bills).
• Constitutional Amendment Bill (Article 368) - It is concerned with the amendment of the provisions of the Constitution.

Additional Information

• The Indian President is the head of the state and he is also called the first citizen of India. He is a part of the Union Executive.
• He is a part of the Union Executive along with the Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Attorney-General of India.
• Article 54 mentions that there shall be an election for the President of India.
• Article 55 states the manner of the election of the President.

Table show alphabet serial number –

 The pattern for the code is as follows,

So, 'BUREAK' is written as 'PZVIFY'

Similarly,

​

Hence, CASPTL is coded as OGKHZX.

The ratio of the present ages of Myra and Meera is 6 : 5.

Calculation:

Let the present ages of Myra and Meera be 6x & 5x respectively.

According to question,

After fifteen years the ratio of Myra and Meera age will be 9 : 8

⇒ (6x + 15) : (5x + 15) = 9 : 8

Cross multiplication both side;

⇒ (6x + 15) × 8 = (5x + 15) × 9

⇒ 48x + 120 = 45x + 135

⇒ 48x – 45x = 135 – 120

⇒ 3x = 15

⇒ x = 5

Meera present date is 5x = 5 × 5 = 25.

∴ The present age of Meera is 25 years.

​The correct answer is Maharashtra.

• The Ajanta caves are located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
• The first Buddhist cave monuments at Ajanta date from the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. during the Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.).
• The Ajanta caves were first found by a few British soldiers in the 19th century when they were out hunting and one of them happened to lay his eyes on a cave covered with bushes, leaves, and stones.
• The walls and ceilings of the famous Ajanta caves are chiselled, carved, and painted with the life and teachings of Lord Buddha.
• There is a total of 30 caves that bring to your notice the talent of the people and their dedication to preserving the past in the form of a never-fading art.

Key Points

• The Ajanta caves are a set of 3 rock-cutout Buddhist caves that date back to the period between 2nd century BC and 650 CE.
• The Ajanta caves are considered one of the most prestigious monuments of India as they house many beautiful paintings and sculptures depicting the rich cultural heritage of India.
• The site is a protected monument in the care of the Archaeological Survey of India, and since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Additional Information 

​The correct answer is Apsara.

• Apsara is the oldest Nuclear research reactor in India.
• Apsara is a highly versatile swimming pool-type of reactor that was built in August 1956. It was shut down in 2009 for a revamp.
• The research reactor's earlier French-made enriched fuel has been replaced with an Indian-made enriched fuel.
• Nearly 62 years after Apsara came into existence, a swimming pool-type research reactor Apsara-upgraded of higher capacity was commissioned. The reactor made indigenously uses plate-type dispersion fuel elements made of low enriched uranium.
• The Apsara reactor was utilized for various experiments including neutron activation analysis, radiation damage studies, forensic research, neutron radiography, and shielding experiments.

Key Points

The pattern followed is given below

​

As it is seen that addition is done in a particular sequence.

And ‘39’ is wrong, the correct sequence should be

Hence, the correct answer is "39"

Alternate Method

The pattern followed here is -

10 + 7 = 17

17 + 9 = 26

26 + 11 = 37

37 + 13 = 50

Hence, the correct answer is "39"

​The correct answer is AGEOS.

Key Points

• ISRO has established the AGEOS, at Bharati Station, Antarctica, for receiving IRS data.
• ISRO has established the Antarctica Ground Station for Earth Observation Satellites (AGEOS), at Bharati Station, Larsemann Hills, Antarctica, for receiving Indian Remote sensing Satellites (IRS) data.
• This state-of-the-art advanced Ground station was commissioned during August 2013 and is receiving data from IRS satellites (like CARTOSAT-2 Series, SCATSAT-1, RESOURCESAT-2/2A, CARTOSAT-1) and transferring the same to NRSC, Shadnagar near Hyderabad.
• This Satcom station is providing vital communication support to the Indian scientific community for pursuing their research work at Maitri throughout the year. With the commissioning of the Earth station at NCAOR, Goa, the Indian station, Maitri has been brought into the ambit of the World Wide Web.
• The AGEOS is continuously operated and maintained by the Engineers of ISRO who are under deputation to Bharati Station, Antarctica on a regular basis.

Additional Information 

Given:

? = (243)² ÷ (27)² × 6 ÷ 18

Concept:

Calculation:

⇒ ? = (243)² ÷ (27)² × 6 ÷ 18

⇒ ? = 81 × 6 ÷ 18

⇒ ? = 27

∴ (243)² ÷ (27)² × 6 ÷ 18 = 27

The logic followed here is:

'Glove' is related to 'Hand' → Gloves are worn on the hands.

Similarly,

'Cap' is related to ‘Head' → Cap is worn on the head.

Hence, ‘Head’ is the correct answer.

​The correct answer is the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act.

Key Points

• the correct full form of 'MRTP' in the MRTP Act 1969 is the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act.
• The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act (MRTP Act) was passed by the Parliament of India on 18 December 1969 and got the president's assent on December 27, 1969, But it came into force on June 1, 1970.
• Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission (MRTPC) was set up under section 5 of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969. The MRTPC is an organ of the Department of Company Affairs**, Ministry of Company Affairs, Government of India**.
• On the basis of the recommendation of the Dutt Committee, MRTP Act was enacted in 1969 to ensure the concentration of economic power in hands of a few rich. The act was there to prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices. It extended to all of India except Jammu & Kashmir.
• The act defines the Monopolistic Trade Practice as Such practice indicates misuse of one’s power to abuse the market in terms of production and sales of goods and services.

Additional Information

• The aims and objectives of this act were:

1. To ensure that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of economic power in hands of a few rich.
2. To provide for the control of monopolies, and
3. To prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices.

• This act is not in force in India currently as it was repealed and was replaced by Competition Act 2002 with effect from September 1, 2009. The MRTP Commission was replaced by the Competition Commission of India.

​The correct answer is Finland.

Key Points

• Finland was not a part of the former USSR.
• In 1991, the Soviet Union included present-day Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.
• It also included the disputed territories of Transnistria, Artkash (Nagorno-Karabakh), South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Donetsk, and Luhansk. It also included some disputed border regions (such as Tabarov Island and Bolshoy Ussuriyski Island) which have been transferred to China after the fall of the USSR.
• The territories which were part of the Russian Empire but were not part of the Soviet Union are Poland, Finland, Alaska (a state of the USA), Kars and Ardahan (parts of Turkey), and some additional slices of territories in China and Iran.
• The capital of the USSR was Moscow, which is also modern Russia's capital city.

Additional Information

• The USSR was founded in 1922, five years after the Russian Revolution overthrew the monarchy of Czar Nicholas II.
• During its existence, the USSR was the largest country by area in the world. It included more than 8.6 million square miles (22.4 million square kilometers) and stretched 6,800 miles (10,900 kilometres) from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
• USSR decades after it was established, the Russian-dominated Soviet Union grew into one of the world's most powerful and influential states and eventually encompassed 15 republics–Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Belorussia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.

Given:

$\sin (A + B) = \frac{√ 3}{2} \ \text{and} \ \cos (A-B) = \frac{√ 3}{2}$

Calculation:

(A + B) = sin^-1(√3/2)

A + B = 60°

Then,

(A - B) = cos^-1(√3/2)

A - B = 30°

Solving,

∴ A = 45° and B = 15°

According to the given information,

Car is coed as # or @.

Wheels are coed as mu.

'Wheels car' is coded as ‘mu #’.

Or,

'Wheels car' is coded as ‘mu @’.

But "mu @" is not given in options.

Hence, ‘mu #’ is the correct answer.

Given:

$19\frac{2}{3}-7\frac{1}{4} = x + 2\frac{1}{2},$

Concept:

Calculation:

$19\frac{2}{3}-7\frac{1}{4} = x + 2\frac{1}{2},$

⇒ 59/3 - 29/4 = x + 5/2

⇒ 236 - 87 = 12x + 30

⇒ x = 119/12

∴ x = $9\frac{11}{12}$

Given:

Radii of two circles = 4.5 cm and 3.5 cm

Calculation:

In ΔOPQ and ΔMBQ

⇒ ∠OPQ = ∠MBQ = 90

⇒ ∠PQO = ∠MQB   ----(Vertically opposite angles)

ΔOPQ ~ ΔMBQ.

⇒ OQ/QM = OP/MB = PQ/QB = 4.5/3.5 = 9/7

Then,

⇒ PQ + QB = 6

⇒ PQ = 9QB/7

PQ = 3.375cm and QB = 2.625 cm

Let OQ and QM be 9a and 7a respectively.

⇒ OM = OQ + QM = 16a

In ΔOPQ,

Using pythagoras theorem,

⇒ OP² + PQ² = OQ²

In ΔMBQ,

Using pythagoras theorem,

⇒ BQ² + BM² = QM²

Adding,

⇒ 81a²+ 49a² = 4.5² + 3.5² + 3.375² + 2.625²

⇒ a = 0.625

∴ then the distance between the two centers = 9a + 7a = 16a = 10cm

Shortcut TrickTransverse common tangent = √(D² - (R + r)²

⇒ 6 =  √(D2 - (4.5 + 3.5)2

Squaring both side 

⇒ 36 = D2 - 64

⇒ D2 = 100 

⇒ D = 10 cm

∴ The Distance between the two centre is 10 cm.

​The correct answer is Ctrl + R.

• In Excel, shortcut key Ctrl + R is used to fill the selected cell with active cells to the right.
• In Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet programs, pressing Ctrl+R fills the row cell to the right with the contents of the selected cell.
• To fill more than one cell, select the source cell and press the Ctrl+Shift+Right arrow to select multiple cells. Then press Ctrl+R to fill them with the contents of the original cell.
• In Microsoft Word, Excel, and other word processor programs, pressing Ctrl+R aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.

Shortcut Trick

If (a + b) : (a − b) = p : q, then directly a / b = (p + q) / (p − q).

Here, a = 3x, b = 2y, p = 5, and q = 3.

⇒ 3x / 2y = (5 + 3) / (5 − 3)

⇒ 3x / 2y = 8 / 2 = 4

⇒ x / y = (4 × 2) / 3 = 8 / 3

∴ The correct answer is 8/3.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ (3x + 2y) : (3x − 2y) = 5 : 3

Calculations:

Expressing the given ratio as a fraction:

⇒ (3x + 2y) / (3x − 2y) = 5 / 3

Cross multiplying to solve for x and y:

⇒ 3 × (3x + 2y) = 5 × (3x − 2y)

⇒ 9x + 6y = 15x − 10y

Bringing all x terms to one side and y terms to the other:

⇒ 6y + 10y = 15x − 9x

⇒ 16y = 6x

Finding the ratio of x to y:

⇒ x / y = 16 / 6

⇒ x / y = 8 / 3

∴ The correct answer is 8/3.

Additional Information

Componendo and Dividendo Rule

If a/b = c/d, then (a + b) / (a − b) = (c + d) / (c − d). This rule is a powerful tool to quickly simplify complex ratio problems involving sums and differences.

Invertendo Rule

If a : b = c : d, then by Invertendo, b : a = d : c. The ratio is uniformly inverted on both sides of the equation.

Alternendo Rule

If a : b = c : d, then by Alternendo, a : c = b : d. This means swapping the means or the extremes keeps the proportion unchanged.

Compound Ratio

For two independent ratios a : b and c : d, their compound ratio is formed by multiplying antecedents together and consequents together: (a × c) : (b × d).

​The correct answer is 21 years.

Key Points

• According to the Constitution of India, the minimum age requirement for being a member of Panchayat is 21 years.
• Panchayati Raj Institution or PRI is a system of local self-government in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Local Self Government helps in the management of local affairs.
• Such local bodies have representatives who have been elected by the local people and hence have a better understanding of grass-root level issues. Thus, the minimum age that a person should have for contesting elections is 21 years.
• A candidate for the seat of Member or Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat, you must be a registered voter in the electoral roll of that Gram Panchayat, and must not be less than 21 years of age. candidate age will be computed as on the date of scrutiny of nominations.
• The leader of the Panchayat was often called the president mukhiya, sarpanch, or pradhan, an elected or generally acknowledged position.
• The Panchayati Raj Institutions are the nodal point at the district level. Their role is to help plan, coordinate, monitor, and wherever required regulate the implementation of various national programs.

Additional Information

• Established in various states of India, the Panchayat Raj system has three tiers: Zila Parishad, at the district level**; Nagar Palika,** at the block level**;** and Gram Panchayat, at the village level.
• Gram Panchayats are at the lowest level of Panchayat Raj institutions (PRIs), whose legal authority is the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1992, which is concerned with rural local governments.
• The Gram Panchayat is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a Ward Member or Commissioner, also referred to as a Panch or Panchayat Member, who is directly elected by the villagers. The Panchayat is chaired by the president of the village, known as a Sarpanch.
• The term of the elected representatives is five years. The Secretary of the Panchayat is a non-elected representative, appointed by the state government, to oversee Panchayat activities.

​The correct answer is Ethology.

Key Points

• Ethology is best describes the biological study of animal behaviour.
• Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
• The term "Ethology" derives from the Greek language ethos meaning "character" and logia meaning "the study of". The term was first popularized by American myrmecologist (a person who studies ants) William Morton Wheeler in 1902.
• The first modern ethologist was Charles Darwin (1809–1882) explored the expression of emotions in animals.
• Ethology is a rapidly growing field. Since the dawn of the 21st-century researchers have re-examined and reached new conclusions in many aspects of animal communication, emotions, culture, learning, and sexuality that the scientific community long thought it understood. New fields, such as neuroethology, have developed.
• Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to some other disciplines such as neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Ethologists typically show interest in a behavioural process rather than in a particular animal group, and often study one type of behaviour, such as aggression, in a number of unrelated species.

Additional Information

Calculation:

? = 10.53/0.09

= 1053/9

= 117

∴ 10.53/0.09 = 117

​The correct answer is 1469.

Key Points

• Shree Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in Rai Bhoi Ki Talvandi (present day Nankana Sahib) in 1469.
• Shree Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born April 15, 1469, Rai Bhoi di Talwandi (now Nankana Sahib), near Lahore, Pakistan, and died 22 September 1539, Kartarpur, Punjab, India.
• The township was founded by Rai Bhoi and thus was known as Rai Bhoi-Di-Talwandi. His great-grandson Rai Bular Bhatti renamed it 'Nankana Sahib' after the birth of Guru Nanak.
• The Gurdwara Nankana Sahib, originally constructed in around 1600 CE was renovated in 1819–20 CE by Gian-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh The Sikh Conference of Panjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Peshawar, Kangra, and Hazara.
• He was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated worldwide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Katak Pooranmashi ('full-moon of Kattak'), around October–November.

Additional Information

• Shree Guru Nanak Dev was the founder of Sikhism and Indian spiritual teacher who was the first Guru of the Sikhs, a monotheistic religious group that combines Hindu and Muslim influences.
• He spread the message of oneness and purity, he travelled several miles. Mainly, his teachings involved three things, namely 'Vand Chakko', 'Kirat Karo' and 'Naam Japna'.
• 'Vand Chakko' means sharing with others and helping the needy person. 'Kirat Karo' is making a living honestly without exploiting anyone and without any fraud, and 'Naam Japna' involves controlling our evils by meditating on the name of God.
• In 2007, the Pakistan government announced a plan to set up a university on Sikh religion and culture at Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak. Chairman of Pakistan's Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB), Gen (R) Zulfikar Ali Khan, said that "The international Guru Nanak University planned at Nankana Sahib would have the best architecture, curricula and research centre on Sikh religion and culture".
• In 2019 after prolonged efforts of the Sikh community the historical Gurudwara on Nankana sahib was given direct access to pilgrims via the Kartarpur corridor project.

​The correct answer is Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.

• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the modern mercury thermometer with a standardised scale.
• In 1654 the first sealed glass tube was developed by Ferdinand II, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. It contained alcohol and had a numerical scale, but wasn’t very accurate.
• The more modern thermometer was invented in 1709 by Daniel Fahrenheit. It was an enclosed glass tube that had a numerical scale, called the Fahrenheit scale.
• The early version of this thermometer contained alcohol and in 1714 Fahrenheit developed a mercury thermometer using the same scale. He assigned the freezing point of water at 32 degrees, the boiling point of water as 212 degrees, and the normal body temperature as 98.6 degrees.
• Later on, in that same century, the inventor Anders Celsius developed a numerical scale, called the Celsius or Centigrade scale.
• This scale was based on a scale of zero to one hundred where the freezing point of water is zero, the boiling point of water is 100 degrees and normal body temperature is 37 degrees.
• The first real medical thermometer was invented by Sir Thomas Allbut in 1867. It was six inches long and took about five minutes to take a person’s temperature

Key Points

• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit:
• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit FRS was a physicist, inventor, and scientific instrument, maker.
• Fahrenheit was born on 24 May 1686, Gdansk, Poland, then a predominantly German-speaking city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit received the Fellow of the Royal Society award.

Additional Information

​The correct answer is UNESCO.

Key Points

• Hampi was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.
• Hampi is the 14th century (around 1500 AD) capital of the Vijayanagar Empire, located in the Tungabhadra basin in Bellary District, Central Karnataka.
• In 1986, Hampi was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.
• Temples of Hampi are noted for their large dimensions, florid ornamentation, bold and delicate carvings, and stately pillars which include subjects from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
• The majority of these temples in Hampi were provided with widespread bazaars flanked on either side by storied Mandapas.

Additional Information

• Hampi is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. Famous for its massive, beautifully carved temples, Hampi tells the stories of its existing structures. Many a visitor climbs atop the Matangaparvata and gets a glimpse of Hampi and its environs.
• The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is about to install a wooden barricade around the stone chariot inside the Vittala Temple complex at the UNESCO World Heritage site of Hampi to protect it from damage.
• The Vittala Temple is among the most-visited and the most photographed-protected monuments at Hampi.
• The Mahanavami Dibba, a variety of ponds and tanks, and the row of pillared Mandapas are some of the important architectural remains of Hampi.

Given:

A always scores more than B.

A > B

G always scores more than A.

G > A

Condition 1 - Each time either C scores the highest and E scores the least.

C > _ > _ > _ > _ > _ > E

Condition 2: D scores the highest and F or B scores the least.

D > _ > _ > _ > _ > _ > F/B

Given:

D is ranked sixth and B is ranked fifth.

_ > _ > _ > _ > B > D > _

So, condition 2 is false

Then,

C > _ > _ > _ > B > D > E.

We know that,

G always scores more than A.

So, arranging the order of rank according to the given information

Arrangement 1 : C > G > F/A > F/A > B > D > E

Arrangement 2 : C > F > G > A > B > D > E

Now check the options

Option (1) G is ranked first or fourth → False

Because in both arrangements, G is not ranked first or fourth.

Option (2) E is ranked fourth or third → False

Because in both arrangements, E is not ranked fourth or third

Option (3) F is ranked third or fourth → True

Because in arrangements 1 F is ranked third or fourth.

Option (4) A is ranked second or seventh → False

Because in both arrangements, A is not ranked second or seventh

Hence, “F is ranked third or fourth” is the correct answer.

​The correct answer is 48 hours.

Key Points

• According to India's Election Commission, political parties cannot release their manifesto in a pre-poll silence period of 48 hours.
• The Election Commission of India is an autonomous body under the ownership of the Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India.
• It is established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country and was formed on 25 January 1950.
• The Indian Election Commission jurisdiction comes under the Government of India.
• The Election commission's first executive is Sukuram Sen and Election Commission headquarters is located in Delhi.
• The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989 was adopted on 1 January 1990 which turned the commission into a multi-member body: a 3-member Commission has been in operation since then and the decisions by the commission are made by a majority vote.
• The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances at par with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India.
• ​As per the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992.

Key Points

• The Chief Election Commissioner of India:
• can be removed from their office in a manner similar to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court of India which requires a resolution passed by the Parliament of India a two-thirds majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on the grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity.
• Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner.
• A Chief Election Commissioner has never been impeached in India.

The codes have been assigned as follows,

FMOPRA →

 

KQMATL →

 

Similarly,

QTMPRL →

 

Hence, QTMPRL is coded as 563201.

​The correct answer is Gateway of India.

• The Gateway of India monument is built with some influence of Gujarati style to welcome King George V and Queen Mary to India.
• The Gateway of India is an arch monument built during the 20th century in Bombay, India.
• The monument was erected to commemorate the landing of King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder on their visit to India in 1911.
• The structure is an arch made of basalt, 26 meters (85 feet) high. The final design of George Wittet was sanctioned in 1914 and the construction of the monument was completed in 1924.

Key Points

• Facts about Gateway of India are:
• The foundation stone was laid on March 31, 1911, by the then-Governor of Mumbai, Sir George Sydenham Clarke.
• During the rule of the British government, this was used as the arrival point for the visitors from the west.
• The monument is surrounded by another of Mumbai’s major tourist attractions, the Marine Drive, facing the vast Arabian Sea.
• The last British ships set to sail in 1947 to leave the country from the Gateway of India made it a legend.

Additional Information

Given:

Six students - P, Q, R, S, T, and U

i) Q and R are lighter than U but taller than P.

Weight – U > Q and R

Height – Q and R > P

ii) S is taller than Q and heavier than R.

Weight – S > R

Height – S > Q

iii) T is lighter than S but heavier than U.

Weight–  S > T**;** T > U

iv) U is taller than S.

Height – U > S

v) P is lighter than T but heavier than U.

Weight –  T > P; P > U

vi) P is taller than T.

Height – P > T

Arranging the information in sequence -

Weight – S > T > P > U > Q and R

Height – U > S > Q and R > P > T

Hence, “T” is the shortest among the students.

​The correct answer is 1784.

Key Points

• In 1784, Sir William Jones founded the Asiatic Society.
• Asiatic Society of Bengal, the scholarly society founded on Jan. 15, 1784, by Sir William Jones, a British lawyer, and Orientalist, to encourage Oriental studies. At its founding, Jones delivered the first of a famous series of discourses.
• At the time of its foundation, this Society was named as "Asiatick Society". In 1825, the society was renamed "The Asiatic Society". In 1832 the name was changed to "The Asiatic Society of Bengal" and again in 1936 it was renamed "The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal".
• Finally, on 1 July 1951, the name of the society was changed to its present one.
• The Society is housed in a building at Park Street in Kolkata (Calcutta). The Society moved into this building in 1808.
• In 1823, the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta was formed and all the meetings of this society were held in the Asiatic Society.

Additional Information

• The Asiatic Society had the support and encouragement of Warren Hastings, the governor-general (1772–85) of Bengal, though he declined its presidency.
• Until Jones’s death (1794) it was the vehicle for his ideas about the importance of Hindu culture and learning and about the vital role of Sanskrit in the Aryan languages.
• The museum of the Society was founded in 1814 under the superintendence of Nathaniel Wallich. The rapid growth of its collection is evident from its first catalogue, published in 1849. By 1849, the Society had its own museum consisting of inscriptions in stone and metal, icons, old coins, and Sanskrit manuscripts, etc.
• The society owns an art collection that includes paintings by Peter Paul Rubens and Joshua Reynolds. The society’s library contains some 100,000 general volumes, and its Sanskrit section has more than 27,000 books, manuscripts, prints, coins, and engravings.

​The correct answer is 1739.

• In 1739 Nadir Shah invaded India and sacked Delhi.
• The Battle of Karnal, was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India.
• Nadir Shah advanced towards India in 1738. He captured the western frontiers of the Mughal Empire such as Kabul, Ghazni, Lahore in 1739.
• The two forces of Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah met at Karnal. At the battle of Karnal on 13 February 1739, Nadir Shah easily outnumbered the Mughal forces.
• The battle lasted for less than three hours and the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah surrendered. Both the rulers now entered Delhi on 12 March 1739 and Delhi was handed over to Nadir Shah, along with all its treasures.
• In 1739, Nadir Shah, the emperor of Iran, conquered and enslaved the city of Delhi and took away immense quantities of money.
• Shah's army had easily defeated the Mughals in the battle of Karnal and in the aftermath of the battle, would eventually capture the Mughal Capital.

Key Points

• The whole city of Delhi was destroyed, looted, plundered, and ruined by the army of Nadir Shah.
• Nadir Shah took with him the Peacock throne built by Shah Jahan. He also took the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond.
• Besides this, he plundered gold worth 10 million rupees, 600 million rupees worth of jewellery, and coins worth 6 million rupees.
• Historians said that his overall collection after invading India, was 700 million rupees worth, including 7000 craftsmen, 200 carpenters, 100 stone-cutters, and thousands of elephants, horses, and camels, which he took with him to Persia.

Additional Information

• Nader Shah Afshar was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in Iranian history.
• He was born on  22 November 1688 in Dargaz, Safavid Iran.
• In the spring of 1730, Nader attacked Iran's archrival the Ottomans and regained most of the territory lost during the recent chaos. At the same time, the Abdali Afghans rebelled and besieged Mashhad, forcing Nader to suspend his campaign and save his brother, Ebrahim.

Given:

Average age of A, B and C = 22 years

Average age of B and C = 25 years

Calculation:

Total age of A, B and C = 22 × 3 = 66 years

Total age of B and C = 25 × 2 = 50 years

A's present age = 66 - 50 = 16 years

∴ A's age after 9 years = 16 + 9 = 25 years

​The correct answer is ISRO.

Key Points

• ISRO has launched Samwad with students (SwS) as a part of its program on New Year Day, 2019.
• As part of the enhanced outreach program of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), a new platform named Samwad with Students (SwS) was launched in Bengaluru on 01, January 2019.
• SwS is the newly-launched outreach initiative of ISRO to propel scientific temper among youngsters. The first edition was held in Bengaluru on 01, January 2019, the second one at Kochi on 20, January 2019, and the third at Sriharikota on 24, January 2019
• Through the SwS initiative, ISRO aims to constantly engage youngsters across India to capture their scientific temperament. The new conversation mission will inspire students cutting across schools and colleges.
• Dr K Sivan explained the importance of the Indian space program and its benefits to society at large. He wanted the students to take up science and Mathematics with the seriousness which will enable them to take up challenging careers.

Additional Information

• The first SwS event saw 40 wards and 10 teachers from select schools interact with ISRO Chairman Dr K Sivan at the Anthariksh Bhavan. During the three-hour stay at ISRO HQ, the students were first briefed about the Indian space program and its benefits to the common man.
• ISRO Chairman Dr K Sivan held the third SwS event, over 300 students from schools in and around Sriharikota had an opportunity to interact with him.
• “Concentrate on the present with full sincerity. Dilemmas will disappear. A good student is not afraid of failure. Failures are important for learning as they open up new avenues,” Dr Sivan told the SwS participants.

​The correct answer is Anu Bandyopadhyaya.

Key Points

• Anu Bandyopadhyaya wrote the novel 'Bahuroopi Gandhi'.
• The first edition of the book was published in April 1964.
• The book "Bahuroopi Gandhi" vividly narrates how Gandhiji functioned in a variety of ways quite apart from politics and the public scene.
• For this amazing devotion to, and capacity for different ways of work, he won the title KARAMVIR from his South African colleagues.
• The book describes how multifaceted their personality he was as a barrister, author, Kisan, weaver, nurse, journalist, Mason, shoemaker, carpenter, blacksmith, and barber.

Additional Information

The shaded part represents is the number of teachers who are not Indian and not Chinese.

The number of teachers who are not Indian and not Chinese = 4

Hence, ‘4’ number of teachers who are not Indian and not Chinese.

​The correct answer is disinvestment.

Key Points

• Privatisation of the public sector enterprises by selling off part of the equity of PSEs to the public is known as disinvestment.
• Privatisation means the transfer of ownership, management, and control of the public sector enterprises to the private sector.
• Objectives of Privatisation:
• Providing strong momentum for the inflow of FDI,
• Privatisation aims at providing a strong base for the inflow of FDI, The increased inflow of FDI improves the financial strength of the economy.
• Government companies are transformed into private companies in two ways:

1. By the withdrawal of the government from the ownership and management of public sector companies. and By the outright sale of public sector companies.
2. Privatisation of the public sector undertakings by selling off parts of the equity of PSUs to the private sector is known as disinvestment. The purpose of the sale is mainly to improve financial discipline and facilitate modernisation.

Additional Information

• Disinvesting is a strategy by which an investor offloads or disposes of an asset or a partial stake in the asset. Disinvesting is an exit strategy that means taking out an existing investment.
• Disinvestment policies are commonly followed by governments to allocate resources more efficiently.
• For example, the Indian government recently announce,d that they will carry out disinvestment in BPCL, a government oil and gas subsidiary.
• Some other examples of disinvestment are- INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING AND TOURISM CORPN. LTD., IRCON INTERNATIONAL LTD., GAIL (INDIA) LTD., TATA COMMUNICATIONS LTD., STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD., etc.

Shortcut Trick As the question has asked about the passed student so, we will make the Venn diagram of passed student.

Let total student = 100%

Total passed student = 100 - 30 = 70

But, 65 + 58 = 123% passed

So, Passed in both subject = 123% - 70% = 53%

Passed in 1 subject = 12 + 5 = 17%

Passed in 1 subject = 17% of 2500 = 425

∴ The correct answer is 425.

Given:

35% failed in one subject

42% failed in other subjects

Calculation:

% failed in only one subject = 35% of 2500

⇒ 875

% failed in only other subject = 42% of 2500

⇒ 1050

% failed in both subject

⇒ 30% of 2500

⇒ 750

Passed in one subject = (875 - 750) + (1050 - 750)

⇒ 425

∴ Number of students passed only in one subject = 125 + 300 = 425

Alternate Method

Given:

35% failed in one subject

42% failed in other subjects

Calculation:

% failed in only one subject = 35% - 30% = 5% 

% failed in only other subject = 42% - 30% = 12%

If someone fails in one subject, it means that he/she passed in the other one.

Thus, % of students who passed in only one subject = 5% + 12% = 17%

∴ Number of students who passed only one subject = 17/100 × 2500 = 425

Confusion Points

You may think that the question should ask about the students who failed.

But the information asked in the question is apt.

If a student fails in only one subject, it also means that he is passed in one subject and failed in one. (as there are only 2 subjects)

Thus, the no. of students who fail in only one subject will be equal to the no.of students who passed in only one subject.

Therefore, the correct answer is 425.

​The correct answer is Storage and Dispersal.

• Major hazards of nuclear power generation:
• Storage and disposal of spent or used fuels: This is because the uranium used decays into harmful subatomic particles radiations which are harmful to health. Further, there is a risk of accidental leakage of nuclear radiation.
• Environmental contamination: improper nuclear-waste storage and disposal result in environmental contamination.
• High cost of installation: nuclear power plants require a lot of money for their setup. moreover, the limited availability of uranium adds to the disadvantage of not making it an economic fuel.

Key Points

• Nuclear Power plant:

​The correct answer is Bhagat Singh.

 Key Points

• Freedom fighter Bhagat Singh was not involved in the Kakori Train Robbery.
• The Kakori Train Action was a train robbery that took place at Kakori, a village near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Raj.
• The Kakori train action was organized by Hindustan Republican Association.
• The trial on the Kakori Conspiracy Case started on 21 May 1926 against 28 active members of the Hindustan Republican Association.

The objectives of the Kakori Kand/Conspiracy were to:

• Gain funds for the HRA by taking money from the British Administration through force.
• Create a positive image of the HRA among Indians by attacking a high-profile British government target with minimum collateral damage.

Key Points

Bhagat Singh:

• Bhagat Singh was born in a Sikh family in Banga village of Faisalabad district (previously called Lyallpur), now in Pakistan's Punjab province, on 27 September 1907.
• In 1926, Bhagat Singh established the Naujavan Bharat Sabha (Youth Society of India) and joined the Hindustan Republican Association (later known as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association).
• In December 1928, Bhagat Singh, along with Sukhdev and Rajguru, planned to avenge the death of Indian nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai and plotted to assassinate the Superintendent of Police James Scott in Lahore.
• In April 1929, Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt bombed the Central Assembly Hall in Delhi, and shouted the slogan of Inquilab Zindabad!”.
• Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter who was hanged to death by British colonisers at the age of 23 years.

Calculation:

After 5! = One zero at the end of the number

After 10! = two Zeros at end of number

After 15! = three zeroes at end of number →

then,

19! we get minimum three zeros

∴ The digit of hundred's place value of 19! = 0

Given:

LCM = 1920

HCF = 16

Formula:

LCM × HCF = product of numbers

Calculation:

Other number = (1920 × 16)/240 = 128

∴ Other number is 128

​The correct answer is 1995.

Key Points

• WTO (World Trade Organization) was established in 1995.
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
• It acts as a forum for negotiating trade agreements, it settles trade disputes between its members and it supports the needs of developing countries.
• The WTO has over 160 members representing 98 per cent of world trade. Over 20 countries are seeking to join the WTO.
• Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is the seventh Director-General of the WTO. She took office on 1 March 2021, becoming the first woman and the first African to serve as Director-General.

Additional Information

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
• At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
• Over the past 20 years, WTO members have agreed with major updates to the WTO rulebook to improve the flow of global trade. The WTO's membership has expanded to 164 members, representing over 98% of international trade. In 2015.
• The WTO reached a significant milestone with the receipt of its 500th trade dispute for settlement.

​The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

• Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
• The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the Himalayas. The Country is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south.
• The Palk Strait is the Strait between Indian (Tamil Nadu) to Shi Lanka (Jaffna). The Gulf of Mannar is situated near manner island Sri Lanka.
• Palk Strait is a Strait that is part of the Indian Ocean and it acts as a bridge between two landmasses. It is located in the Laccadive Sea Bay of Bengal and has a maximum width of 82 km and a minimum width of 53 km.
• The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar are connected with the Adam bridge (Ram Setu) which length is 50 kilometres.

Key Points

​The correct answer is Pratibha Singh Patil.

• Pratibha Singh Patil received Mexico's highest civilian honour for foreigners in 2019.
• The Ambassador of Mexico to India, Melba Pria, conferred the award on Patil - who created history as this country's first woman President (2007-2012), at a special ceremony held in the MCCIA Bhavan, Pune.
• Patil becomes only the second Indian head of state to get the award. Earlier, the late President S. Radhakrishna had been conferred this honour.
• It was created by decree on December 29, 1933, by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward for the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners.

Key Points

• Pratibha Patil:
• Pratibha Patil was born on 19 December 1934, Nadgaon.
• In 1962, at the age of 27, she was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency.
• Pratibha Devisingh Patil is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012.
• A member of the Indian National Congress, Patil is the only woman to have held the office. She had previously served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007.

Additional Information

Given:

? = (–20)³ + (13)³ + (7)³

Formula:

a³ + b³ + c³ -3abc = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ac)

Calculation:

Where, a = -20, b = 13, c = 7

-20 + 13 + 7 = 0

Then,

⇒ (–20)³ + (13)³ + (7)³ = 3 × (-20) × 13 × 7 = -5460

∴ The value of (–20)³ + (13)³ + (7)³ is -5460.

​The correct answer is Marsilea.

Key Points

• Marsilea plants have hidden reproductive organs.
• In the Pteridophyta group, the plant body is differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves and has specialized tissue for the conduction of water and other substances from one part of the plant body to another. Some examples are Marsilea, ferns, and horsetails.
• The thallophytes, the bryophytes, and the pteridophytes have naked embryos that are called spores. The reproductive organs of plants in all these three groups are very inconspicuous, and they are therefore called cryptogame, or those with hidden reproductive organs.
• Marsilea is a genus of approximately 65 species of aquatic ferns of the family Marsileaceae.
• The name honours Italian naturalist Luigi Ferdinando Marsili (1656–1730).

Additional Information 

Shortcut Trick

Side of the rhombus = Perimeter ÷ 4

Side = 120 ÷ 4 = 30 m

Area = Base × Height = 30 × 15 = 450 m²

∴ The correct answer is 450 m².

Alternate Method

Given: Perimeter = 120 m, Height (distance between parallel sides) = 15 m

Formula: Perimeter = 4 × side | Area = side × height

Base (Side) = 30 m Height = 15 m Rhombus Area = 30 × 15 = 450 m²

⇒ 4 × Side = 120

⇒ Side = 120 ÷ 4 = 30 m

⇒ Area = Side × Height

⇒ Area = 30 × 15

⇒ Area = 450 m²

∴ The correct answer is 450 m².

Additional Information

Area using Diagonals

The area of a rhombus can also be calculated if diagonals d₁ and d₂ are known: Area = 1/2 × d₁ × d₂.

Side-Diagonal Relation

The sum of the squares of the diagonals is equal to four times the square of the side: d₁² + d₂² = 4 × side².

Rhombus Properties

A rhombus is a parallelogram with all four sides equal. Its diagonals bisect each other at right angles (90°).

​The correct answer is Fermentation.

Key Points

• The process of converting sugar into alcohol is called Fermentation.
• The mechanism by which sugar is converted into alcohol is called fermentation.
• Ethanol Fermentation is a biological process that converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as a side effect, also called alcoholic fermentation.
• To make sugar into alcohol, we need to put grains, fruits or vegetables through a process called fermentation, when yeast or bacteria react with the sugars in food - the by-products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• The Alcoholic fermentation converts one mole of glucose into two moles of ethanol and two moles of carbon dioxide, producing two moles of ATP in the process:
• The overall chemical formula for alcoholic fermentation is: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₂H₅OH + 2 CO₂

Additional Information

• Fermentation is an anaerobic process where even though oxygen is not available, energy can be released from glucose. Fermentation occurs in yeast cells and bacteria and also in the muscles of animals. It is an anaerobic pathway in which glucose is broken down.
• In 1857, Louis Pasteur was the scientist who discovered the fermentation process.
• Alcoholic fermentation is the process of using yeast to convert sugars into alcohol. Distillation is a process used to higher-ABV beverages from already-fermented base products. For example, the distillation of beer wort creates whiskey, while the distillation of wine produces brandy.
• Some more examples of fermentation are alcoholic beverages, bread, yoghurt, sauerkraut, apple cider vinegar, and kombucha.

​The correct answer is 2015-16.

Key Points

• During the financial year 2015-16, the Jal Kranti Abhiyan was launched by the Government of India.
• Union Minister for Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation Sushri Uma Bharti launched Jal Kranti Abhiyan on June 05, 2015.
• The aim of the scheme was to consolidate water conservation and management in the country through a holistic and integrated approach involving all stakeholders making it a mass movement.
• One of the main objectives of the Jal Kranti Abhiyan is “strengthening grass-root involvement of all stakeholders including Panchayati Raj institutions and local bodies for Participatory Irrigation Management.”
• There are four important components of Jal Kranti Abhiyan; Jal Gram Yojana, Development of Model Command Area, Pollution Abatement, and Mass Awareness Programme.

Additional Information

• Union Minister of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation Sushri Uma Bharti and her ministry identified those villages in the country which have done exemplary work in water conservation.
• Under Jal Gram Yojana two water-stressed villages in each district of the country are selected and a comprehensive water security plan is formulated to achieve water security for these villages.
• Participating in the conference representatives from water user associations, NGOs, and other agencies gave useful suggestions to make Jal Kranti Abhiyan a success.

Given:

16 sec² θ – 40 sec θ + 25 = 0

Calculation:

⇒ 16 sec² θ – 40 sec θ + 25 = 0

⇒ 16 sec² θ – 2 × 4 × 5 sec θ + 25 = 0

⇒ (4secθ - 5)² = 0

⇒ 4secθ = 5

⇒ secθ = 5/4

Then,

⇒ 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ

⇒ tan² θ = 25/16 - 1 = 9/16

∴ tanθ = 3/4

Shortcut Trick

Equivalent discount for two successive discounts of 20% = 20 + 20 − (20 × 20) / 100 = 36%.

Purchasing Price = (100 − 36)% of MRP

⇒ Purchasing Price = 64% of 1200

⇒ 64/100 × 1200 = 768

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 768.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Retail Price (MRP) = Rs. 1200

First discount (d₁) = 20%

Second discount (d₂) = 20%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = MRP × (100 − d₁)/100 × (100 − d₂)/100

Calculations:

⇒ First, apply a 20% discount on Rs. 1200

⇒ Reduced Price = 1200 × (100 − 20) / 100 = 1200 × 80 / 100 = Rs. 960

⇒ Second, apply an additional 20% discount on the reduced price of Rs. 960

⇒ Purchasing Price = 960 × (100 − 20) / 100 = 960 × 80 / 100 = Rs. 768

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 768.

Additional Information

Equivalent Discount

When two successive discounts d₁% and d₂% are given, the single equivalent discount % = d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂) / 100.

Marked Price (MRP)

It is the printed price of an article. Any discount offered to the customer is always calculated on the Marked Price unless stated otherwise.

Profit / Loss Percentage

Profit % = (SP − CP) / CP × 100. Loss % = (CP − SP) / CP × 100. Both are strictly calculated on the Cost Price (CP).

​The correct answer is Gene revolution.

Key Points

• The gene revolution is the application of biotechnology in food production.
• It is of great potential to farmers as it provides them with disease-free planting material and develops crops that resist pests and diseases, reducing use of chemicals that harm the environment and human health.
• It can provide help control devastating animal diseases.

Additional Information

• Genetic engineering involves the techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA) and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
• It is the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms.
• It is a term that was first introduced into our languages in the 1970s to explain the emerging field of recombinant DNA technology and some other things that were going on.
• With the help of genetic engineering, scientists are able to move desirable genes from one plant or animal to another or from a plant to an animal or vice versa.
• The process of Genetic engineering consists of splicing an area of a chromosome, gene, that controls a particular characteristic of the body.

The correct answer is Arundhati Roy.

Key Points

• The first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize is Arundhati Roy.
• Suzanna Arundhati Roy was born on  24 November 1961, She is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things.
• Arundhati Roy won the prestigious Booker Prize in 1997 for her first novel The God of Small Things.
• Arundhati Roy began writing her first novel, The God of Small Things, in 1992, completing it in 1996.
• The book is semi-autobiographical and a major part captures her childhood experiences in Aymanam. The publication of The God of Small Things catapulted Roy to international fame.
• It received the 1997 Booker Prize for Fiction and was listed as one of The New York Times Notable Books of the Year.
• Arundhati Roy won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997 and became the best-selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author.

Additional Information

The correct answer is It is a set of programs that controls the way a computer works and runs other programs.

Key Points

• "A set of programs that controls the way a computer works and runs other programs" is known as an Operating system.
• The principal system software is the operating system. It manages the hardware, data and program files, and other system resources and provides means for the user to control the computer, generally via a graphical user interface (GUI).
• An operating system is a software program required to manage and operate a computing device like smartphones, tablets, computers, supercomputers, web servers, cars, network towers, smartwatches, etc.
• It is the operating system that eliminates the need to know coding language to interact with computing devices. It is a layer of graphical user interface (GUI), which acts as a platform between the user and the computer hardware.

Additional Information

• Computer software falls into two broad classes, system software, and application software.
• The principal system software is the operating system. Application software is a program designed to handle specific tasks for users.
• The operating system is always present when a computer is running. It coordinates the operation of the other hardware and software components of the computer system. The operating system is responsible for starting up application programs, running them, and managing the resources that they need.
• Examples of Operating Systems are: Windows Linux BOSS etc.

Given:

Six cars - Swift, Santro, Creta, Audi, I10 and Magna.

1. Atleast four cars were sold after the car Santro. The car Magna was sold on Tuesday.

 

2. The car Audi was sold immediately after the car Creta and car Creta was sold atleast before three cars.

 

3. Both the cars Santro and I10 were sold atleast before one car.
   

 

 

Hence, “Saturday” was Swift car sold.

​The correct answer is Dengue.

• U.S. FDA approved Dengvaxia as the first vaccine for Dengue disease in 2019. .
• In May 2019, Dengvaxia was approved in the United States as the first vaccine approved for the prevention of dengue disease caused by all dengue virus serotypes.
• The vaccine was determined to be approximately 76 per cent effective in preventing symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed dengue disease in individuals 9 through 16 years of age who previously had laboratory-confirmed dengue disease.

Key Points

• Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection, found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas.
• The virus responsible for causing dengue is called dengue virus (DENV). There are four DENV serotypes, meaning that it is possible to be infected four times.
• Symptoms of Dengue: Bleeding; Pain behind the eyes.
• Severe dengue was first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand.

Additional Information 

Given:

394 × 394 + 2 × 394 × 106 + 106 × 106

Formula:

(A + B)² = A² + 2AB + B²

Calculation:

⇒ 394 × 394 + 2 × 394 × 106 + 106 × 106 = (394 + 106)²

∴ 394 × 394 + 2 × 394 × 106 + 106 × 106 = 250000

Shortcut Trick

The angle subtended by a diameter at any point on the circumference of a circle is always a right angle.

⇒ ∠PRQ = 90°

In ΔPQR, the sum of all internal angles is always 180°.

⇒ ∠RQP = 180° − (∠PRQ + ∠RPQ)

⇒ ∠RQP = 180° − (90° + 39°) = 51°

∴ The correct answer is 51°.

Alternate Method

Given:

PQ is the diameter of the circle with centre O.

∠RPO = 39°.

Formula Used:

Angles opposite to equal sides (radii) of an isosceles triangle are equal.

The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles.

Calculations:

⇒ In ΔPOR, OP = OR (Radii of the same circle).

⇒ ∴ ∠PRO = ∠RPO = 39°

⇒ For ΔPOR, the exterior ∠ROQ is equal to the sum of the interior opposite angles.

⇒ ∠ROQ = ∠RPO + ∠PRO

⇒ ∠ROQ = 39° + 39° = 78°

⇒ In ΔQOR, OQ = OR (Radii of the same circle).

⇒ ∴ ∠OQR = ∠ORQ

⇒ The sum of internal angles in ΔQOR is 180°.

⇒ ∠OQR + ∠ORQ + ∠ROQ = 180°

⇒ 2 × ∠OQR + 78° = 180°

⇒ 2 × ∠OQR = 102°

⇒ ∠OQR = 51°

⇒ Since O lies directly on the diameter PQ, ∠OQR is identical to ∠RQP.

⇒ ∠RQP = 51°

∴ The correct answer is 51°.

Additional Information

Angle in a Semicircle

The angle subtended by a diameter at any point on the circumference of a circle is always exactly a right angle (90°).

Isosceles Triangle Property

In any triangle, if two sides are equal, the angles directly opposite those sides must also be equal. This is highly useful in circle geometry where multiple radii often form equal sides.

Exterior Angle Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of its two remote (non-adjacent) interior angles.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern for the code is as follows,

So, HSBTQ is written as CNWOL

Similarly,

Hence, ENTGYH is coded as GPVIAJ.

Calculation:

From options:

1. 5970 - 9 = 5961 is not perfect square

2. 5970 - 25 = 5945 is not perfect square

3. 5970 - 41 = 5929 = √5929 = 77 is a perfect square

4. 5970 - 16 = 5954 is not perfect square

∴ 41 is the smallest positive number.

Given:

Students participated in function = 30

Calculation:

Number of students not participated in function = 45 - 30 = 15

Arithmetic progression for number of hands shake = 1, 2, ....., 29

Number of terms in this AP =

⇒ 29 = 1 + (n - 1)1

⇒ n = 29

Sum of all terms in AP = 29/2 × [2 × 1 + (29 - 1) × 1)] = 435

∴ Number of handshakes = 435

Shortcut TrickDirect formula used:

⇒ n(n - 1)/2

⇒ 30(30 - 1)/2

⇒ 435 

∴ Number of handshakes = 435

​The correct answer is 1921.

Key Points

• In 1921 Moplah revolt (Malabar Rebellion) took place in Kerala.
• The Malabar Rebellion happened from August 20, 1921, to 1922 in the Malabar region of Kerala. It was also known as the Moplah massacre, Moplah riots, and Mappila riots.
• This was a peasant movement led by the Moplah community in Kerala. These people attacked their landlords and British premieres. It can also be called the first national movement in South India.
• The movement ended in 1921 and was crushed by the Britishers. They raised a special battalion called the Malabar Special Force for this riot.

Additional Information 

• The span of the Movement are:
• The movement started as the resistance against British colonial rule and the course also changed when the peasants rose against the prevailing feudal system controlled by elite landlords who were basically Hindus.
• The riots led to the deaths of hundreds of people in the Malabar region as the movement was very unorganized and the farmers there used to generally attack the government buildings, or places controlled by British and the elite landlords.
• The rebels also attacked many institutions of the colonial state, such as telegraph lines, train stations, courts, and post offices.
• Keeping in mind a few historical accounts, it was found that this uprising led to a loss of 10,000 lives which included 2339 rebels.

Given:

∠BAC = 60°

Calculation:

∠OBC = 2∠OBA

∠OCB = 2∠OCA

In ΔABC,

∠ABC + ∠ACB + ∠BAC = 180°

∠ABC + ∠ACB = 120°

∠OBA + ∠OBC + ∠OCA + ∠OCB = 120°

∠OBC/2 + ∠OBC + ∠OCB/2 + ∠OCB = 120°

∠OBC + ∠OCB = 80°

In ΔOBC,

∠OBC + ∠OCB + ∠BOC = 180°

∴∠BOC = 180° - 80° = 100°

​The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The famous Sun Temple is situated in Odisha.
• Sun Temple is a 13th-century CE, at Konark about 35 kilometers (22 mi) northeast from Puri and 65 kilometers (40 mi) southeast of Bhubaneswar on the Bay of Bengal coastline in the Indian state of Odisha, India.
• Sun Temple was built in 1250 CE during the reign of the Eastern Ganga King Narsimhadeva-1 from stone in the form of a giant ornamented chariot dedicated to the Sun god, Surya and, conceived as a giant stone chariot with 12 wheels. In Hindu Vedic iconography Surya is represented as rising in the east and traveling rapidly across the sky in a chariot drawn by seven horses.
• This temple is dedicated to the sun god, Surya, the first rays of the sun fall on the entrance of the temple. Much of the temple has fallen into rack and ruin but what remains still holds enough charm to captivate.
• It is the most famous of the few sun temples built in India. The temple in its present state was declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site in 1984 CE.

Additional Information

• The temple follows the Kalinga or Orissa style of architecture, which is a subset of the nagara style of Hindu temple architecture.
• Three kinds of stone were used in the temple's construction - chlorite, laterite, and Khondalite. Khondalite (though of poor quality) was used throughout the monument while chlorite was restricted to doorframes and to a few sculptures, while laterite was used in the foundation, the (invisible) core of the platform, and in the staircases.
• Today, this site is not only popular with tourists and pilgrims but also serves as a venue for cultural festivals, classical Indian dance performances, etc. Thus, even today the Sun Temple continues to play its role in preserving and furthering India's immense cultural heritage.

​The correct answer is World Wide Web Consortium.

Key Points

• In the field of computers and the Internet, W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium.
• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards.
• Founded in 1994 and currently led by Web inventor and Director Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeffrey Jaffe, W3C's mission is to lead the Web to its full potential.
• The W3C is an industry consortium that seeks to promote standards for the evolution of the Web and interoperability between WWW products by producing specifications and reference software. Although W3C is funded by industrial members, it is vendor-neutral, and its products are freely available to all.
• The organization is guided by its open standards principles. It calls them OpenStand, which it refers to as “The Modern Paradigm for Standards".

Additional Information

• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in October 1994.
• It was founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the European Commission, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which had pioneered the ARPANET, one of the predecessors to the Internet.
• W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software, and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.

Shortcut Trick

If a sum becomes x times in t years at Compound Interest, it becomes xⁿ times in n × t years.

Given: The sum becomes 2 times in 8 years.

We need to find when it becomes 4 times, which is 2² times.

Here, the power n = 2 and t = 8 years.

Required time = 2 × 8 = 16 years.

∴ The correct answer is 16 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

A sum (P) doubles itself in 8 years at Compound Interest.

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)^t

P

2P

4P

× 2 (8 years)

× 2 (8 years)

Total = 16 years

Calculation:

Case 1: The sum becomes twice (2P) in 8 years.

⇒ 2P = P(1 + R/100)⁸

⇒ 2 = (1 + R/100)⁸ ---- (Equation 1)

Case 2: Let the sum become 4 times (4P) in 't' years.

⇒ 4P = P(1 + R/100)^t

⇒ 4 = (1 + R/100)^t

⇒ 2² = (1 + R/100)^t

Substitute the value of 2 from Equation 1:

⇒ [(1 + R/100)⁸]² = (1 + R/100)^t

⇒ (1 + R/100)¹⁶ = (1 + R/100)^t

Comparing the powers on both sides:

⇒ t = 16

∴ The correct answer is 16 years.

Additional Information

Simple Interest vs Compound Interest

In Simple Interest, the principal remains constant. In Compound Interest, the interest of the previous period is added to the principal to compute interest for the next period.

Half-Yearly & Quarterly CI

If compounded half-yearly, Rate = R/2 and Time = 2t. If compounded quarterly, Rate = R/4 and Time = 4t.

Difference Between CI and SI

For 2 years, Difference = P(R/100)². For 3 years, Difference = P(R/100)² × (3 + R/100).

Calculation:

Let fraction be a/b.

New numerator = 150a/100

New denominator = 180b/100

New fraction = 5a/6b

Then,

5a/6b = a/b × ?

∴ Required value = 5/6

Given :

Range of number = 6000 to 7000

Calculation:

LCM of 12, 21, 32 and 18 = 2016

6048 = 2016 × 3

∴ From options, 6048 is multiple of 2016, so it will be divisible by 12, 21, 32 and 18.

Table show alphabets serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except ‘ NARD’.

Hence, “NARD” is the odd one.

Given:

Time = 30h

Calculation:

Let distance between Delhi to Kanyakumari be a km.

Speed = $\frac{a}{30}{}$ kmph

New speed = $\frac{a}{30}{}$ × (1 - $\frac{1}{15}{}$) = $\frac{14a}{450}{}$ kmph

New distance = a - 10

Then,

⇒ $\frac{14a}{450}{}$ = $\frac{a-10}{30}{}$

⇒ 14a = 15a - 150

⇒ a = 150 km

∴ His original speed = 150/30 = 5 kmph

The logic followed here is:

Patient : Doctor → Doctor treats Patient.

Similarly,

Student : Teacher → Teacher teach to Student.

Hence, ‘Teacher’ is the correct answer.