Chhattisgarh Police SI Prelims 2012 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Election Commission.

Key Points

• The Election Commission of India
• It is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
• Part XV of the Indian constitution deals with elections and establishes a commission for these matters.
• The Election Commission was established under the Constitution on 25th January 1950.
• Article 324 to 329 of the constitution deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the member.
• Election Commission of India superintendents, direct and control the entire process of conducting elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and the offices of President and Vice-President of India.
• The most important function of the commission is to decide the election schedules for the conduct of periodic and timely elections, whether general or bye-elections.
• It prepares the electoral roll, issues Electronic Photo Identity Card (EPIC).
• It decides on the location of polling stations, assignment of voters to the polling stations, location of counting centers, arrangements to be made in and around polling stations and counting centers, and all allied matters.
• It grants recognition to political parties & allots election symbols to them along with settling disputes related to it. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The Commission also has advisory jurisdiction in the matter of post-election disqualification of sitting members of Parliament and State Legislatures.
• It issues the Model Code of Conduct in elections for political parties and candidates so that no one indulges in unfair practice or there is no arbitrary abuse of powers by those in power.

Additional Information

• Parliament
• India has a parliamentary system of government.
• The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country.
• The Indian Parliament is a bicameral legislature consisting of two houses – the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
• The members of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) are directly elected by the people through the voting process.
• The members of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) are elected by the members of the states’ legislative assemblies.
• The Parliament consists of the two Houses and the President of India.
• President
• The President of India is the head of the Indian state and is also the first citizen of India. Article 52 of the Indian Constitution mentions that there shall be a President of India. The incumbent President of India is Droupadi Murmu.
• The detailed information about the election of the president in India and articles related to the President of India will be discussed in this article. The President is an integral part of the union executive along with the Vice President, Prime Minister, the council of ministers, and attorney journal.
• Supreme Court
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• India is a federal state and has a single and unified judicial system with a three-tier structure, i.e. Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.
• The Indian constitution provides for a provision of Supreme Court under Part V (The Union) and Chapter 6 (The Union Judiciary).
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of the Supreme Court.
• The Indian constitution under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India constituting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges.
• The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India can broadly be categorized into original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, and advisory jurisdiction. However, there are other multiple powers of the Supreme Court.

The correct answer is Chief Justice of India.

Key Points

• In the event of the occurrence of vacancies in the offices of both the President and the Vice-President, by reason in each case of death, resignation or removal, or otherwise, the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court of India available shall discharge the functions of the President until a new President elected in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution to fill the vacancy in the office of the President enters upon his office or a new Vice-President so elected begins to act as President under article 65 of the Constitution, whichever is earlier. Hence, Option 3 is correct.

Important Points

• Justice Hidayatullah was thereupon sworn in as the Acting President of India on 20th July 1969 and served in that capacity till late V.V. Giri was sworn in as the duly elected President of the Republic.

Additional Information

• Prime Minister
• Article 74 of the Constitution deals with the status of the council of ministers while Article 75 deals with the appointment, tenure, responsibility, qualification, oath, and salaries and allowances of the ministers.
• Article 75 (Other Provisions as to Ministers): The PM shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the PM.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
• It discharges multifarious responsibilities, the important among them being - internal security, border management, Centre-State relations, administration of Union Territories, management of Central Armed Police Forces, disaster management, etc.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha
• Article 93 of the Constitution provides for the election of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.
• The Speaker is the constitutional and ceremonial head of the House.
• There is a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker for the Lok Sabha and a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman for the Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

Tobacco smoke

• It contains many chemicals that are harmful to both smokers and non-smokers.
• Breathing even a little tobacco smoke can be harmful.
• Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.

Important Points

• Carbon monoxide
• It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air.
• Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.
• Tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide which is a poisonous gas.
• It interferes with the uptake of oxygen in the lungs and with its release from the blood to the tissues that need it.
• When carbon monoxide is inhaled it combines with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the amount of oxygen available to the body's vital organs.
• Oxygen levels may be reduced by as much as 15%.
• Nicotine
• It is a chiral alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic.
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline.
• They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned.
• Naphthalene is a PAH that is produced commercially in the United States to make other chemicals and mothballs.
• Cigarette smoke contains many PAHs.

Additional Information

E-cigarettes - 

• Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS), commonly referred to as e-cigarettes, are devices that heat a liquid to create an aerosol which is then inhaled by the user, these may or may not contain nicotine.
• The main constituents of the solution by volume are propylene glycol, with or without glycerol, and flavoring agents.

The correct answer is Fractional Distillation.

Key Points

• Fractional distillation
• It is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower.
• This is the first step in the processing of crude oil, and it is considered to be the main separation process as it performs the initial rough separation of the different fuels.
• The different components that are separated during this process are known as fractions.
• Fractions that are separated include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and bitumen.
• Fractional distillation allows a lot of useful products to be made from crude oil, with many environmental consequences for the use of those useful products. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Fractional distillation is used since the difference in the boiling points is very less.
• Vacuum distillation is used for separating mixtures having a high boiling point difference.​

Additional Information

• Exploration
• It is the act of searching for the discovery of information or resources, especially in the context of geography or space, rather than research and development that is usually not centered on earth sciences or astronomy.
• Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans.
• Distillation, or classical distillation
• It is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
• Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products.
• Filtration
• It is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass.

The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

• The bulbs are filled with chemically inert gases such as nitrogen or argon to prevent oxidation of the tungsten filament used in the bulb.
• It is a chemical element with atomic number 7 and is denoted by the symbol (N).
• Nitrogen is odorless, colorless, and generally considered an inert gas in nature.
• Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772.
• Any inert gases or noble gases can be filled in electric bulbs, here nitrogen is one of them.
• Helium, neon, argon, krypton, and argon are the gases used in light bulbs.
• Argon is a commonly used gas that is used to fill light bulbs.
• This prolongs the life of the bulb by preventing the tungsten filaments from wearing out too quickly.
• In modern times nitrogen gas is filled which protects the tungsten fibers. Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Hydrogen
• The atomic number is 1 and is denoted by the symbol (H).
• It was discovered by Henry Cavendish.
• In 1883 Lavashie named hydrogen because it burns with oxygen to form water. Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table.
• Carbon dioxide
• The atomic number is 6 and is denoted by the symbol (CO₂).
• It was discovered by Joseph Black.
• Oxygen
• The atomic number is 8and is denoted by the symbol (O).
• It was discovered by Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, and Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
• Joseph Priestley prepared oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide in 1664 CE.

Calculation:

60% of (\frac{3}{4}^{\rm th}) of 600 

⇒ 60/100 × 3/4 × 600 

⇒ 60 × 3/4 × 6

⇒ 270

∴ 60% of (\frac{3}{4}^{\rm th}) of 600 = 270

Given:

Speed of thief = 8 km/h 

Speed of policeman = 10 km/h 

Distance to be covered = 100 m 

Formulas used:

Relative speed (same direction) = Speed of policeman - Speed of thief

Time = Distance/Relative Speed 

Calculation:

Time taken by policeman to catch the thief = 100 m/(10 - 8) km/h 

⇒ 100 m/2 km/h 

⇒ 100 m/(2 km × 5/18)

⇒ (100 m/2) × 18/5 

⇒ 180 seconds 

⇒ 180/60 minutes = 3 minutes

∴ Time taken by policeman to catch the thief is 3 minutes.

The logic follows here is -

As Malaria is caused by Mosquito.

Similarly,

Rabies is caused by Dog.

Hence, "Rabies" is the correct answer.

In this series,

We subtract first term from second term and second term from third term and so on. We got resultant again we subtract first term from second term and second term from third term and so on. 

Which are given below -

Hence, "29" is the correct answer.

Concept Used:

Mean = sum of all observations / number of observations

Calculation:

Mean of 2, 4, 3, 5, 6, 9, 7 and 'a' = 6

6 = (2 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 9 + 7 + a)/8 

⇒ 48 = 36 + a

∴  a = 12

Given:

Average age of 10 persons = 32 years 

Average age of 11 persons including instructor = 34 years

Formula used:

Average age = Sum of the ages of persons/No of persons 

Calculation:

Total age of 10 persons = 32 years × 10 = 320 years

Total age of 11 persons including instructor = 34 years × 11 = 374

∴ The age of instructor = 374 - 320 = 54 years

Given:

25% of a number is 20

Calculation:

Let the number be = a 

25% × a = 20 

⇒ 25/100 × a = 20 

⇒ a = 20 × 100/25 = 80 

∴ 40% of a = 40/100 × 80 = 32

Alternate Method 25% = 1/4 

⇒ 1/4 = 20

⇒ 4 = 20 × 4 = 80

∴ 40% of the number = 2/5 × 80 = 32

A girl is facing south direction. She turns 60° in clock wise direction and turns 100° in the anticlock wise direction.

The diagram are given below -

Hence, "South-East" is the correct answer.

Formula used:

Sum of n natural numbers = n(n + 1)/2 

Calculation:

Sum of 50 natural numbers = 50 × 51/2 

∴ Sum of 50 natural numbers is 1275.

Given:

Cost price of 2 tables and 3 chairs = Rs.3500 

Cost price of 3 tables 2 chairs = Rs.4000

Calculation:

Let the cost price of a table be = t 

⇒ Cost price of a chair = c

2t + 3c = 3500       (1)

3t + 2c = 4000       (2) 

By 2 × (1) and 3 × (2) and solving them 

⇒ 4t + 6c = 7000       (3)

⇒ 9t + 6c = 12000     (4)

By (4) - (3):

9t + 6c - 4t - 6c = 12000 - 7000 

⇒ 5t = 5000 

⇒ t = 1000

∴ The cost of one table is Rs.1000.

Given:

Time taken by 12 machines working 7 hours a day = 18 days 

Formula used:

(M1 × D1 × H1)/W1 = (M2 × D2 × H2)/W2 

Calculation:

By using the above formula for calculating the no of days:

(12 × 18 × 7)/1 = (16 × D2 × 9)/2

⇒ 12 × 18 × 7 × 2/(16 × 9) = D2 

⇒ D2 = 21 days 

∴ 16 machines working 9 hours a day finish twice the work in 21 days.

Given:

Average age of A & B four years ago = 18 years 

Present age of A, B & C = 24 years 

Formula used:

Average age = Sum of the ages/No of persons 

Calculation:

Sum of the ages of A and B, 4 years ago = 18 × 2 = 36 years 

Sum of the present age of A and B = 4 + 4 + 36 = 44 years 

Sum of the present ages of A, B and C = 24 × 3 = 72 years 

⇒ Present age of C = 72 - 44 = 28 years

∴ C's age after 4 years = 28 + 4 = 32 years.

The correct answer is President.

Key Points

• Administration of Union Territories
• President is the de-jure or constitutional head of the state.
• Article 52 says that there shall be a president of India.
• President is the first citizen and the supreme commander of the defence forces of India.
• The President of India is responsible for the administration of a Union Territory which does not have its own elected Legislative Assembly.
• As per article 239 of the Indian constitution President of India is the chief administrator of union territories. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• He appoints an administrator or lieutenant governor for each Union Territories.
• The election of the president is conducted by the election commission of India.
• Dr Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India.

Additional Information

• Union Home Minister
• Amit Shah was born to Smt. Kusumben and Shri Anilchandra Shah, in an affluent Gujarati family on 22nd October 1964.
• Amit Shah represents the emerging New India in every sense of the term.
• Leading the Party from the front for the last five years, he has been remarkably successful in expanding BJP’s organizational footprint, securing one electoral victory after the other in State assembly elections.
• During his tenure, Party has become the world’s largest political party with over 10 crores of registered members.
• Lieutenant Governor
• A Lieutenant Governor also has the same powers.
• Only three Union Territories — Andaman and Nicobar, Delhi and Puducherry — have Lt. Governors.
• These powers are in place to ensure checks and balances for the state government and its functioning.
• The President of India is the head of the Indian state and is also the first citizen of India.
• Article 52 of the Indian Constitution mentions that there shall be a President of India.
• Droupadi Murmu is an Indian politician who has been serving as the 15th president of India since 25 July 2022. She is the first person belonging to the tribal community and also the second woman after Pratibha Patil to hold the office.
• The detailed information about the election of the president in India.
• The President is an integral part of the union executive along with the Vice President, Prime Minister, the council of ministers, and attorney journal.

The correct answer is Dhaka.

Key Points

• March 16, 2012, will be etched in the minds of cricket fans across the globe as the day when Sachin Tendulkar scored his 100th international century.
• During the Asia Cup clash against Bangladesh at the Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium Dhaka, Tendulkar played a brilliant knock of 114 to bring up his 49th ODI century. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• The maestro already had 51 hundred to his name in the longest format.
• His century was also special in the sense that he breached the three-figure mark after a gap of one year.

Important Points

• Dhaka
• It is the capital city of Bangladesh, in southern Asia.
• Set beside the Buriganga River, it’s at the centre of the national government, trade, and culture.
• The 17th-century old city was the Mughal capital of Bengal, and many palaces and mosques remain.
• American architect Louis Khan’s National Parliament House complex typifies the huge, fast-growing modern metropolis.
• Kolkata (formerly Calcutta)
• It is the capital of India's West Bengal state.
• Founded as an East India Company trading post, it was India's capital under the British Raj from 1773–1911.
• Today it’s known for its grand colonial architecture, art galleries, and cultural festivals.
• It’s also home to Mother House, headquarters of the Missionaries of Charity, founded by Mother Teresa, whose tomb is on site.
• Chittagong
• It is a large port city on the southeastern coast of Bangladesh.
• The Ethnological Museum has exhibits about the many different ethnic tribes across the country.
• Zia Memorial Museum, inside the former Old Circuit House, displays items belonging to former president Ziaur Rahman, who was assassinated on the site in 1981.
• The landmark Chandanpura Mosque has many onion-shaped domes and brightly painted minarets.
• Karachi
• It is the largest city in Pakistan and the twelfth-largest city in the world.
• It is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh.
• Ranked as a beta global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of $164 billion as of 2019.

The correct answer is Porbandar.

Key Points

• M.K. Gandhi
• He was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar in what is today India’s western state of Gujarat. Hene, Option 3 is correct.
• Upon return to British-controlled India in January 1915, Gandhi had acquired the skills both of an accomplished lawyer and a community organizer dedicated to peaceful protest.
• In South Africa (1893-1915), he had successfully fought the racist regime with a novel method of mass agitation, which he called satyagraha.
• The idea of satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
• The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2nd October, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Gandhi's Peace Prize is given for social, economic, and political transformation through non-violence and other Gandhian methods.
• He returned to India from South Africa on 9th January 1915.
• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated on 9th January every year to mark the contribution of the Overseas Indian community to the development of India.
• Rajkot
• It is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat.
• In central Jubilee Garden are the Lang Library, with Gujarati literature, and the Watson Museum, with paintings and artifacts documenting British colonial rule.
• Kaba Gandhi No Delo, the house where Mahatma Gandhi spent part of his childhood, displays photos of the Indian leader and his belongings.
• The Rotary Dolls Museum exhibits dolls from around the world.
• Porbandar
• It is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat, perhaps best known for being the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi and Sudama.
• It is the administrative center of the Porbandar District and it was the former capital of the Porbandar princely state.
• Ahmedabad
• In western India, is the largest city in the state of Gujarat.
• The Sabarmati River runs through its center.
• On the western bank is the Gandhi Ashram at Sabarmati, which displays the spiritual leader’s living quarters and artifacts.
• Across the river, the Calico Museum of Textiles, once a cloth merchant's mansion, has a significant collection of antique and modern fabrics.
• Gandhinagar
• It is a planned city in the western Indian state of Gujarat.
• The Akshardham is a massive Hindu temple with ornate carvings and sculpted pillars, plus a water show in its sprawling gardens.
• Dandi Kutir museum traces the life of leader Mahatma Gandhi, who was born in Gujarat.
• South, along the Sabarmati River, the Indroda Nature Park has a zoo and botanical gardens, plus an adjacent dinosaur and fossil park.

The correct answer is 1942.

Key Points

• Quit India Movement
• On 8^th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave a clarion call to end British rule and launched the Quit India Movement at the session of the All-India Congress Committee in Mumbai.
• Gandhiji gave the call “Do or Die” in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan.
• Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the 'Grand Old Lady' of the Independence Movement is known for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement.
• The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally.
• Meherally had also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”.

Additional Information

• On 10^th August 1940 – August Offer was announced by Lord Linlithgow viceroy to get the support of Indians in the Second World War.
• On 11^th March 1942 Prime Minister Win still Churchill announced sending a mission under the chairmanship of Sir Stafford Cripps to find out the solution of constitutional deadlock and problems of Indians.
• With the failure of the Cripps Mission, the Quit India movement was started in 1942 by the Indian leaders, and the resolution of Quit India was drafted by Gandhi Ji. Gandhi Ji gave a call for Do or Die.
• In 1942 - Indian National Army was founded by Captain Mohan Singh and Niranjan Gill in Singapore. S. C Bose took over its command of 2^nd headquarters in Singapore and Rangoon.
• On 21^st October 1943 – Azad Hind Government was set up in Singapore under S.C Bose. There was a women regiment known as Rani Jhansi.
• In 1945, the Second World War was ended.
• In 1945 – Shimla Conference or Wavell Plan was proposed by Lord Wavell to solve the political deadlock.
• In 1946, Cabinet Mission Plan was announced by PM Clement Attlee.
• On 2^nd September 1946 - The interim Government was set up under J.L Nehru.
• In March 1947 – Lord Mountbatten was sent to India with an aim to find a way to transfer power. Also known as Plan Balkan.
• On 3^rd June Independence of India Act, 1947 was passed by which powers were transferred to two Dominion States India and Pakistan.

The correct answer is Madan Mohan Malviya.

Key Points

• Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
• He Born on 25^th December 1861, in Allahabad (now Prayagraj) in Uttar Pradesh, Malviya played a key role in the Indian independence struggle against British rule.
• He founded the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1916. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• He was given the title of ‘Mahamana’ by Rabindranath Tagore and the second President of India, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan gave him the status of a ‘Karmayogi’.
• Devnagri was introduced in the British-Indian courts because of Malviya’s efforts with the British government.
• He helped establish the Hindu Mahasabha (“Great Society of Hindus”) in 1906, which brought diverse local Hindu nationalist movements together.
• Malaviya’s consciousness toward the public led to the launch of his Hindi-language weekly, the Abhyudaya (1907); the Leader of Allahabad, an English-language daily (1909); and the Hindi monthly the Maryada (1910).
• He died on 12^th November 1946, at the age of 84.
• In 2014, he was posthumously conferred with Bharat Ratna, the country's highest civilian award.

Additional Information

• Lala Lajpat Rai
• He was an Indian independence activist.
• He played a pivotal role in the Indian Independence movement.
• He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari.
• He was one of the three members of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate.
• Subhas Chandra Bose
• He was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.
• Marco Polo
• He was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who traveled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295.

The correct answer is Maulana Azad.

Key Points

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
• He was originally named Muhiyuddin Ahmad, was born on 11th November 1888 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
• Maulana Azad was a brilliant debater, as indicated by his name - “Abul Kalam” which means “Lord of Dialogues”.
• He was a proponent of Hindu Muslim unity, opposed to Partition. In 1912, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad started a weekly journal in Urdu called Al-Hilal which played an important role in forging Hindu-Muslim unity after the bad blood created between the two communities in the aftermath of Morley-Minto reforms.
• The government regarded Al- Hilal as a propagator of secessionist views and banned it in 1914.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad supported the Non-Cooperation Movement started by Gandhiji and entered Indian National Congress in 1920.
• In 1923, he was elected as the president of the Indian National Congress. He again became the president of Congress in 1940 and remained in the post till 1946.
• In the field of education, Maulana Azad had been an uncompromising exponent of universalism, a truly liberal and humanitarian educational system.
• Azad’s ideal was a fusion of the Eastern and Western concepts of man, to create a fully integrated personality. Whereas the Eastern concept dwelt on spiritual excellence and individual salvation, the Western concept laid stress on worldly achievements and social progress.
• His Works: Basic Concept of Quran, Ghubar-eKhatir, Dars-e-Wafa, India Wins Freedom, etc. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• In 1947, he became the first education minister of free India and remained at this post till his death in 1958. In his tenure, he did tremendous work for the uplift of the country. Following are some of them:
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was posthumously awarded India's highest civilian honour, Bharat Ratna in 1992.

Additional Information

• Important Books list
• Hind Swaraj’ by Mahatma Gandhi
• Why I am an Atheist’ by Bhagat Singh
• Gitanjali’ by Rabindranath Tagore
• The Golden Threshold’ by Sarojini Naidu
• ‘India Divided’ by Rajendra Prasad
• ​‘The Discovery of India’ by Jawaharlal Nehru
• Unhappy India by Lala Lajpat Rai
• ​‘Annihilation of Caste by BR Ambedkar​

The correct answer is April 1.

Key Points

• Indian Financial Year
• In India, this 1 year period starts from 1st April and ends on 31st March. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• This period in which the income is earned is known as the Financial Year or Fiscal Year.
• The income tax returns are filed and taxes for a company are usually paid in the next year after the end of the Financial Year.
• This next year in which the income is assessed to tax is called the Assessment Year.
• So in case, the accounts are being prepared for the year starting 1st April 2013 and ending on 31st March 2014, this period would be called Financial Year 2013-14.
• And this income would be assessed to tax in the next year and this period would be called Assessment Year 2014-15.
• The due date for filing income tax returns for a financial year is 31st July/30th Sept of the Assessment Year.
• Therefore if the income tax returns are being filed for the financial year 2013-14, the due date for filing the income tax returns would be 31st July 2014/30th Sept 2014 as the case may be.
• In simple terms, Financial Year is the year in which the income is earned and the assessment year is the year in which the income is assessed to tax and all taxes are paid & tax returns filed.
• The income tax rules and slab rates which are applied for the assessment year 2014-15 would be the same as the rules for the financial year 2013-14 and so on.
• The financial year is usually denoted as F/Y and the assessment year is denoted as A/Y.
• As the financial year is the year that is previous to the assessment year, the financial year is sometimes also called the Previous Year for Income Tax purposes.

Additional Information

• Important Dates

The correct answer is 1024 bytes.

Key Points

• The smallest unit of measurement used for measuring data is a bit.
• A single bit can have a value of either zero(0) or one(1).
• It may contain a binary value (such as True/False or On/Off or 1/0) and nothing more.
• Therefore, a byte, or eight bits, is used as the fundamental unit of measurement for data storage.
• Computer storage and memory are often measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB).
• A medium-sized novel contains about 1 MB of information.
• A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer.
• A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1, corresponding to the electrical values of off or on, respectively.
• Because bits are so small, you rarely work with information one bit at a time.
• Bits are usually assembled into a group of eight to form a byte.
• A byte contains enough information to store a single ASCII character, like "h".
• A kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes, not one thousand bytes as might be expected, because computers use binary (base two) math, instead of a decimal (base ten) system. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Computer storage and memory are often measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB).
• A medium-sized novel contains about 1 MB of information.
• 1 MB is 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million bytes.

Additional Information

• The smallest piece of data is the bit. The data will be transformed to its binary form.
• 1 byte = 8 bits
• 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes
• 1 megabyte (MB) = 1024 kilobytes
• 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1024 megabytes
• 1 terabyte (TB) = 1024 gigabytes
• 1 petabyte (PB) = 1024 terabytes

The correct answer is Steel.

Key Points

• Sound travels fastest through Steel.
• Sound travels faster in Steel than any other liquid.
• In steel, the density and elastic properties are more than other given mediums.
• Steel is a rigid material and it experiences smaller deformations, hence it is having large elastic properties.
• The density is also higher for steel.
• Both of these properties have a great impact on the speed of the sound.

Important Points

• Sound Wave:
• It is a longitudinal mechanical wave.
• The longitudinal mechanical waves which lie in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz are called audible or sound waves.
• The longitudinal mechanical waves having frequencies less than 20 Hz are called infrasonic.
• These are produced by earthquakes, volcanic, eruptions, Ocean waves, elephants, and whales.
• The velocity of sound waves in the air is 330 m/s.
• The velocity of sound waves in steel is 5920 m/s.

Additional Information

• Speed of Sound:
• In a medium, the speed of sound basically depends upon the elasticity and density of the medium.
• When sound enters from one medium to another medium, its speed and wavelength change but the frequency remains unchanged.
• In a medium, the speed of sound is independent of frequency.
• Speed of sound is maximum in solids and minimum in gases.
• The speed of sound is more in humid air than in dry air because the density of humid air is less than the density of dry air.
• The unit of loudness is the decibel (dB).
• Effect of pressure on the speed of sound:
• The speed of sound is independent of pressure.
• Effect of temperature on the speed of sound: 
• The speed of sound increases with the increase in the temperature of the medium.

The correct answer is Nuclear Fusion.

Key Points

• Nuclear fusion
• It is the nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles.
• Sun and other stars generate light and heat by nuclear fusion.
• A hydrogen bomb is an immensely powerful bomb whose destructive power comes from the rapid release of energy during the nuclear fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium), using an atom bomb as a trigger.
• The principle behind the hydrogen bomb is based on uncontrollable nuclear fusion. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• A nuclear bomb based on the fission of uranium is placed at the core of the hydrogen bomb.
• So hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of Nuclear Fusion Reaction.
• A hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of nuclear fusion.
• 

Important Points

• ​Nuclear fusion
• It is the process where the nuclei of two light atoms combine to form a new nucleus.
• A hydrogen bomb is considered to be 1,000 times more powerful than an atomic bomb.
• Hydrogen bombs cause a bigger explosion.
• As shock waves, blasts, heat, and radiation all have a larger reach than an atomic bomb.
• 

Additional Information

• A nuclear explosion
• It is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction.
• Atmospheric nuclear explosions are associated with mushroom clouds, although mushroom clouds can occur with large chemical explosions.
• A chain reaction
• It refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce additional fission in at least one further nucleus.
• If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of fissions doubles each generation.

The correct answer is Abbottabad.

Key Points

• Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden
• He was the founder of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda.
• Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks on the United States, along with numerous other mass-casualty attacks worldwide.
• Laden was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite.
• Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 US embassy bombings.
• From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror, as the FBI placed a $25 million bounty on him in their search for him.
• On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad during a covert operation conducted by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency SAD/SOG operators on the orders of then US President Barack Obama.
• Operation Neptune Spear, 2011, was a precision strike operation executed by the United States Navy Seals in which the long sought after Osama Bin Laden was eliminated under cover of darkness in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a CIA-led operation with Joint Special Operations Command, commonly known as JSOC.
• The raid was intended to take 40 minutes.
• The time between the team's entry in and exit from the compound was 38 minutes.

Important Points

• Abbottabad
• It is the capital city of Abbottabad District in the Hazara region of eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
• It is the 40th largest city in Pakistan and the fourth largest in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by population.
• Peshawar
• It is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and its largest city.
• It is the sixth-largest city in Pakistan and the largest Pashtun-majority city in the country.
• Islamabad
• It is the capital city of Pakistan and is administered by the Pakistani federal government as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory.
• It is the ninth-largest city in Pakistan, while the larger Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country's third-largest with a population of about 4.1 million people.
• Lahore
• It is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the country's 2nd largest city after Karachi, as well as the 26th largest city in the world.
• Lahore is one of Pakistan's wealthiest cities with an estimated GDP of $84 billion as of 2019.

The correct answer is National Counter Terrorism Centre.

Key Points

• National Counting Terrorism Centre
• After the 26/11 attacks, Government felt the need to set up a separate body to deal with terrorism.
• NCTC will derive its powers from the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act(UAPA), 1967.
• NCTC stands for National Counter Terrorism Centre. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The basic idea is to prevent confusion regarding intelligence inputs and also ensure that none of the police forces from the states enter into a blame game regarding intelligence sharing as one got to see during the 26/11 attacks in Mumbai.
• The standing council of the NCTC will consist of anti-terror agencies in states.
• The body will have 3 divisions dealing with collection and dissemination of intelligence, analysis and operations.
• The NCTC has been designed on the lines of the American NCTC and UK’s “Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre”.
• Former Home Minister P. Chidambaram and former National Security Adviser (NSA) M.K. Narayanan visited the USA in 2009 to study the working of the American NCTC.
• It will have the power to conduct searches and arrests in any part of India.
• It will collect, collate and disseminate data on terrorism.
• It will also maintain a database on terrorists and their associates including their families.
• In short, NCTC will serve as a single and effective point of control and coordination of all counter-terrorism measures.

Additional Information

• It has the power to conduct searches and arrests in any part of India.
• The NCTC, to be located within the Intelligence Bureau, will carry out counter-terror operations and collect, collate and disseminate data on terrorism.
• The agency will also maintain a database on terrorists and their associates including their families.
• The NCTC will also formulate a response to terror threats. It is meant to serve as a single and effective point of control and coordination of all counter-terrorism measures.
• It will also have the mandate to carry out anti-terror operations, if any, through, or in conjunction with, the State police.

The correct answer is Central Bureau Of Investigation.

Key Points

• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
• It is the premier investigating police agency in India.
• It functions under the superintendence of the Deptt. of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Public Grievances, Government of India - which falls under the prime minister’s office.
• However for investigations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, its superintendence vests with the Central Vigilance Commission.
• It is also the nodal police agency in India which coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member countries.
• Its conviction rate is as high as 65 to 70% and it is comparable to the best investigation agencies in the world.
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
• It is the premier investigating police agency in India.
• It functions under the superintendence of the Deptt. of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Public Grievances, Government of India - which falls under the prime minister’s office.
• However for investigations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, its superintendence vests with the Central Vigilance Commission.
• It is also the nodal police agency in India which coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member countries.
• Its conviction rate is as high as 65 to 70% and it is comparable to the best investigation agencies in the world.
• During the period of World War II, a Special Police Establishment (SPE) was constituted in 1941 in the Department of War of the British India to enquire into allegations of bribery and corruption in the war related procurements.
• Later on it was formalized as an agency of the Government of India to investigate into allegations of corruption in various wings of the Government of India by enacting the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946.
• CBI derives power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.
• In 1963, the CBI was established by the Government of India with a view to investigate serious crimes related to defence of India, corruption in high places, serious fraud, cheating and embezzlement and social crime, particularly of hoarding, black-marketing and profiteering in essential commodities, having all-India and inter-state ramifications.
• With the passage of time, CBI started investig
• The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS officer with a rank of Director General of Police.
• The director is selected by a high-profile committee constituted under The Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946 as amended through The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, and has a two-year term.
• The Appointment Committee consists of:
• Prime Minister – Chairperson
• Leader of Opposition of Loksabha or the Leader of the single largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha, if the former is not present due to lack of mandated strength in the Lok Sabha – member
• Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court Judge recommended by the Chief Justice – member

Additional Information

• Into allegations of bribery and corruption in the war related procurements.
• Later on it was formalized as an agency of the Government of India to investigate into allegations of corruption in various wings of the Government of India by enacting the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946.
• CBI derives power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.
• The Appointment Committee consists of:
• Prime Minister – Chairperson
• Leader of Opposition of Loksabha or the Leader of the single largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha, if the former is not present due to lack of mandated strength in the Lok Sabha – member
• Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court Judge recommended by the Chief Justice – member

The correct answer is Markandey Katju.

Key Points

• Markandey Katju is an Indian jurist and former Supreme Court judge of India who also served as the chairman of the Press Council of India
• The Press Council of India was formed in 1966.
• It is a statutory, adjudicating organization.
• It is the self regulatory watchdog of the press, for the press and by the press.
• It operates under the Press Council Act of 1978.

Important Points

• JS Verma
• Jagdish Sharan Verma was an Indian jurist who served as the 27th Chief Justice of India from 25 March 1997 to 18 January 1998.
• He was also the chairman of National Human Rights Commission from 1999 to 2003 and the chairman of the Justice Verma Committee Report on Amendments to Criminal Law.
• Swatantra Kumar
• Justice Swatanter Kumar is a retired justice of the Supreme Court of India and former Chairperson of the National Green Tribunal.
• He is also former Chief Justice of Bombay High Court and Judge of Delhi High Court and Punjab and Haryana High Court.
• Manu Singhvi
• Abhishek Manu Singhvi is an Indian lawyer and politician.
• He is a member and spokesperson of the Indian National Congress.
• Currently, he is a Member of the Parliament of India representing West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is IB & RAW.

Key Points

• IB stands for Intelligence Bureau.
• RAW stands for Research and Analysis Wing of India.
• Both agencies are the internal and external intelligence agencies of our country respectively.

Important Points

• Raw operates operations in India's neighbouring countries for the Indian government.
• IB operates within the country.
• Also, IB shares intelligence with the other intelligence agencies and the police.

Additional Information

• IB director- Arvind Kumar (Oct 2021)
• RAW Chief -  Samant Goel

The correct answer is Social Website.

Key Points

• Facebook is an America based multinational technology company.
• It was founded in 2004 by the students of Harvard College namely Mark Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.
• Its headquarters is in Menlo Park, California, USA.

Important Points

• It is a social site used to connect with friends, family, and other people by sharing videos, pictures, etc.

The correct answer is Pakistan.

Key Points

• Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani/Gilani is a Pakistani politician.
• He served as 18th prime minister of Pakistan from 25 March 2008 until his retroactive disqualification and ouster by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 26 April 2012.

Important Points

• He belongs to Pakistan Peoples Party.

The correct answer is Mr. Lalu Prasad Yadav.

Key Points

• Lalu Prasad Yadav is an Indian politician, a former Union Minister of Railways.
• He is the president of the political party Rashtriya Janata Dal, a former Chief Minister of Bihar, and a former Member of Parliament of the Lok Sabha.

Additional Information 

• Mamta Banarjee
• Mamata Banerjee is an Indian politician who belongs to the All India Trinamool Congress.
• She is serving as the ninth and current chief minister of West Bengal since 2011.
• Dinesh Trivedi
• Dinesh Trivedi is an Indian politician from Bhartiya Janta Party.
• He was a Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha from West Bengal for two separate terms.
• Mukul Roy
• Mukul Roy is an Indian politician who belongs to the All India Trinamool Congress.
• He has also served as a Minister of State in the Shipping Ministry and later Ministry of Railways during the UPA 2 government.
• He was formerly associated with the Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party as well.

The correct answer is Pakistan.

Key Points

• The memogate controversy is also known as the Mullen memo controversy.
• This controversy revolves around a memorandum seeking the help of the Obama administration in the wake of the Osama bin Laden raid to prevent a military takeover of the civilian government in Pakistan.

Important Points

• This scandal had occurred around eight years back and brought a terrible political storm in the country.
• The allegation was on the then President, Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan for treason.
• It had triggered a serious civil-military rift in Pakistan.
• And had been taken to the Supreme Court in 2011 by Nawaz Sharif, the then leader of the opposition.
• A day after it forced the resignation of Hussain Haqqani, Pakistan’s ambassador to the US of that time.

The correct answer is 52 seconds. 

Key Points

• Our National Anthem is Jana Gana Mana, it approximately takes 52 seconds for the full version.
• It was composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore.
• It was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of our country on 24 January 1950.

Important Points

• It was sung for the first time in the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911.
• It comprises of 5 Stanzas.

The correct answer is Mr. D Subha Rao.

Key Point

• Mr. D Subbarao was the 22nd RBI Governor with the tenure from 5 September 2008- 4 September 2013.
• The Governor of the RBI acts as the chief executive officer of India's central bank and the ex-officio chair of its Central Board of Directors.

Important Points 

• The Governor is responsible for maintaining the monetary stability in an economy.
• The constituting instrument comes under RBI Act, 1934.
• Sir Osborne Smith was the first governor of RBI.
• Shaktikanta Das is the current governor of RBI.(Oct 2021)​

The correct answer is Mr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia.

Key Points

• The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans.
• This institution got dissolved on 17 August 2014 under the care of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was superseded by a new agency; NITI Aayog.

Important Points 

• The Planning Commission was formed on 15 March 1950.
• It takes the Central Ministries and the State Governments into consideration for formulating all annual plans / five year plans.
• It functions as an advisory body of the apex level.

Additional Information

• NITI Aayog
• It is a public policy think tank of the Government of India.
• It was established with the goal to achieve sustainable development goals with cooperative federalism for promoting growth along with the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policies.

The correct answer is 5.

Key Points

• The United Nations Security Council (UNSC)is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, which aims to assure International Peace and Security.
• It has the authority to establish peacekeeping operations, enact international sanctions, and authorize military action.
• It is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions on its member states.

Important Points

• UNSC Permanent Members also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5.
• Its 5 Permanent Members are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
• It comprises 15 members all total permanent and non-permanent members inclusive.

The correct answer is January 3.

 Key Points

• The minimum distance between the sun and earth is on January 3.
• The day of 3rd or 4th January is also known as perihelion.
• The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet that is nearest to the sun.
• It is the opposite of aphelion, which is the point farthest from the sun.
• At perihelion, the Earth is about 147.5 million km away from the Sun.
• The word perihelion stems from the Greek words "peri," meaning near, and "Helios," meaning the Greek god of the sun.

Additional Information

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2.

Key Points

The correct answer is the 38th parallel.

Key Points

• The boundary between North and South Korea is marked by the 38th parallel.
• U.S. Colonels Charles Bonesteel and Dean Rusk met on August 10, 1945, to develop a plan to divide Korea into two zones of occupation.
• Using a National Geographic map, they noticed that the 38th parallel roughly divided Korea in half.
• A demilitarized zone (DMZ) was created along the boundary. The border came into existence roughly around 1953.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Dehradun.

Key Points

• The Forest Research Institute (FRI) is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
• FRI was established in the year 1906 as the Imperial Forest Research Institute.
• It has six museums based on social forestry, pathology, silviculture, timber, non-wood forest products, and entomology.
• The Forest Research Institute (FRI) and College Area are between Kaulagarh in the north and the Indian Military Academy to the south. The Tons River forms its Western Boundary.

Additional Information

• The Forest Research Institute Dehradun is located at Dehradun in Uttarakhand is among the oldest institutions of its kind/India.
• In 1991, it was declared a deemed university by the University Grants Commission.
• The Forest Research Institute (FRI) is a Natural Resource Service training institute of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education and is an institution in the field of forestry research in India for Indian Forest Service cadres and all State Forest Service cadres.
• It is the biggest forest based training institute in India. Most of the forest officers are a part of this institute.
• The FRI's building also houses a Botanical Museum and there are many different kinds of trees from around the world.

The correct answer is Bilaspur.

Key Points

• The head office of South-Eastern coal field Limited is situated in Bilaspur.
• With coal reserves in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, SECL operates as many as 89 mines.
• Of these, 35 are in Madhya Pradesh and 54 are in Chhattisgarh.
• SECL’s major mining areas including Gevra, Dipka, Kusmunda, Sohagpur produced the highest ever coal since the inception of the company.

Additional Information

• Coal India Limited (CIL) the state-owned coal mining corporate came into being in November 1975.
• CIL is a Maharatna company - a privileged status conferred by the Government of India to select state-owned enterprises in order to empower them to expand their operations and emerge as global giants.
• The subsidiaries of CIL include:
• Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL)
• Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL)
• Central Coalfields Limited (CCL)
• Western Coalfields Limited (WCL)
• South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL)
• Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL)
• Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL)

The correct answer is Raigarh.

Key Points

• Gomarada wildlife sanctuary is situated near Sarangarh town in the Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh.
• It is spread over an area of 275 sq km.
• Some of the species found here include - Nilgiri, Sambars, Gaurs, Barking Deer, Chausingha, Muntjac, Sloth Bear, Wild Boar, Dhole or the wild dog and the Jackel.
• The Gomarda wildlife sanctuary was established in the year 1983.
• Chhattisgarh has 3 National Parks and 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries.

Additional Information List of National Park in Chhattisgarh

<br>

Important wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh

The correct answer is 1,35,194 sq km.

Key Points

• The total area of Chhattisgarh State is 1,35,194 sq km.
• Chhattisgarh was formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh. It was granted statehood on November 1, 2000.
• It is the 10th-largest state in India, with an area of 135,192 km2.
• It is located in east-central India. It is bounded by the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand to the north and northeast, Odisha (Orissa) to the east, Telangana to the south, and Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to the west.
• Its capital is Raipur. The population is (2021) 25,540,196.

Additional Information

• Chhattisgarh can broadly be divided into Central plains drained by Mahanadi and Shivnath Rivers, the picturesque Northern Plateau, and the enchanting Bastar Plateau.
• Chhattisgarh is the 16th most-populated state in the nation.
• The official language of the state is Hindi. Odia, Marathi, Telugu are also spoken.
• The climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical. It is hot and humid because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer.

The correct answer is Governor of the State.

Key Points

• Money Bill can be introduced in the State Legislative Assembly with the prior permission of the Governor of the State.
• Every Money Bill when it is transmitted to the Legislative Council under article 198, and when it is presented to the Governor for assent under article 200, the certificate of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly signed by him that it is a Money Bill.
• The money Bill cannot be returned by the President to the parliament for its reconsideration, as it is presented in the Lok Sabha with his permission.
• Some bills require the prior recommendation of the President before their introduction in the Parliament. For example- Money Bill & Finance Bill.

Additional Information

• A bill is said to be a draft statute that is presented in either house of the Parliament only after being passed by both the houses of the Parliament and it has received the president’s assent.
• Types of bills:
• Ordinary Bills - As per Articles 107 and 108 of the Indian Constitution, an ordinary bill is concerned with any matter other than financial subjects.
• Money bills - Money bills are those bills that are concerned with financial matters like taxation, public expenditure, etc.(Article 110).
• Financial bill - As per Article 117 of the Indian Constitution, financial bills are those bills that are concerned with financial matters but are different from money bills.
• Constitutional Amendment Bill - Article 368 of the Indian Constitution is concerned with the provisions of the amendment of the Constitution.
• Ordinance Replacing Bill - This bill is brought before Parliament to replace an ordinance with or without modifications promulgated by the President under Article 123 of the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is Planning Commission.

• The Planning Commission was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.
• The Planning Commission did not derive its creation from either the Constitution or statute but was an arm of the Central/Union Government.
• The Commission was responsible to formulate India’s five years plans for social and economic development in India.

Important Points 

• Planning Commission was replaced by a new institution – NITI AAYOG on January 1, 2015.
• The emphasis of NITI Aayog is on the ‘Bottom –Up’ approach to envisage the vision of Maximum Governance, Minimum Government, echoing the spirit of ‘Cooperative Federalism.
• NITI Aayog is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs.
• The chairperson of NITI Aayog is the Prime Minister of India.
• Suman Bery is currently Vice Chairperson, NITI Aayog

Additional Information 

The correct answer is 26th.

Key Points

• Chhattisgarh was formed on 1st Nov 2000. It became the 26th state of the union.
• The state of Madhya Pradesh was divided into Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh on 01 November 2000.
• The official language of the state is Hindi. Odia, Marathi, Telugu are also spoken.
• It is a source of electricity and steel for India, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced in the country.
• In November 2000, the Government of India, pursuant to legislation passed by Parliament during the summer, created three new states, Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, and Jharkhand.

Additional Information

• In November 2000, three new states were created, namely:
• Chhattisgarh, from eastern Madhya Pradesh,
• Uttaranchal (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007), from northwest Uttar Pradesh, and
• Jharkhand, from the southern districts of Bihar.
• Chhattisgarh is bounded by southern Jharkhand and Orissa in the east, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in the west, Uttar Pradesh and western Jharkhand in the north, and Andhra Pradesh in the south.
• Areawise Chhattisgarh is the tenth largest state and population-wise it is the sixteenth most populous state of the nation.

The correct answer is Swami Vivekanand Airport.

Key Points

• Mana Airport at Raipur has been renamed Swami Vivekanand Airport.
• Swami Vivekananda International Airport formerly known as Raipur Airport (Mana Airport) is the major airport serving the state of Chhattisgarh, India.
• On 24 January 2012, the airport was renamed after Swami Vivekananda, as a tribute to the popular saint who spent a major part of his life in Raipur.
• It is the busiest airport in Central India and the busiest airport in Chhattisgarh. The airport is located at Mana between Raipur 15 km and Naya Raipur 10 km.
• Swami Vivekananda International Airport has a single runway and his new integrated terminal was inaugurated on 7 November 2012 by then President of India Pranab Mukherjee.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is 27.

Key Points

• The total number of districts in Chhattisgarh as of 1st January 2012 is 27.
• At the time of separation from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh originally had 16 districts.
• Two new districts Bijapur and Narayanpur were carved out on May 11, 2007, and nine new districts on Jan 1st, 2012.
• On January 1, 2012, Chhattisgarh Government announced 9 New Districts (27 districts).
• These 9 districts have been named Sukma, Kondagaon, Balod, Bemetara, Baloda Bazar, Gariaband, Mungeli, Surajpur, and Balrampur.

Additional Information

• As of October 2021, Chhattisgarh has a total of 32 administrative districts.
• Four new districts namely Manendragarh, Manpur-Mohla, Sakti, and Sarangarh-Bilaigarh were announced on 15th August 2021.

The correct answer is Shri Manoj Das.

• Manoj Das was an eminent Indian author who wrote in Odia and English. He passed away at the age of 87 on April 27, 2021.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2001.
• He also received the Padma Bhushan in 2020 for his contributions in the field of literature and education.
• He received the first Sri Aurobindo Puraskar for his research on the lesser-known facts of India’s freedom struggle led by Aurobindo.
• He was also honored with the Sahitya Akademi Award fellowship.

Additional Information

List of Padma Shree awardees from Chhattisgarh

<br>

The correct answer is 3 months from the date of issue.

Key Points

• The validity period for cheques and bank drafts in India from 1" April 2012 is 3 months from the date of issue.
• As per RBI guidelines, with effect from April 1, 2012, the validity period of Cheques, Demand Drafts, Pay Orders, and Banker's Cheques will be reduced from 6 months to 3 months, from the date of issue of the instrument.
• When the period of validity ends, the check becomes Stale. Such cheques cannot be submitted to the bank for payment. And if they are submitted for payment, they will be dishonored by the bank.

Additional Information

• A bank draft is a payment instrument that is issued by the bank at the request of the payer.
• A cheque is issued by an account holder of the bank ordering the bank to make a specific payment to the person specified, or to the bearer of the cheque.

The correct answer is 12%.

Key Points

• Union budget 2012-13 has increased the service tax rate from 10% to 12%.
• Service tax is a tax levied by the government on service providers on certain service transactions but is actually borne by the customers.
• It is categorized under Indirect Tax and came into existence under the Finance Act, 1994.
• Service tax was abolished with the rollout of GST on July 1, 2017, as the new tax subsumed service tax in addition to many other indirect taxes.

Additional Information

• GST is known as the Goods and Services Tax.
• It is an indirect tax that has replaced many indirect taxes in India such as excise duty, VAT, services tax, etc.
• The main objective of the GST was to achieve the ideology of ‘One Nation, One Tax’.

The correct answer is 2012-17.

Key Points

• The period of the 12th Five-year plan of India was 2012- 2017.
• The aim of the 12th Five Year Plan is to achieve “faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth”.
• The target for growth rate in the 12th Five-Year Plan was 8%.
• Planning Commis­sion was set up on 15 March 1950 and the plan era started from 1 April 1951 with the launch­ing of the First Five Year Plan (1951-56).

Important Points

• Planning Commission was replaced by a new institution – NITI AAYOG on January 1, 2015.
• The emphasis of NITI Aayog is on the ‘Bottom –Up’ approach to envisage the vision of Maximum Governance, Minimum Government, echoing the spirit of ‘Cooperative Federalism'.
• NITI Aayog is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs.
• The chairperson of NITI Aayog is the Prime Minister of India.
• The present Vice-Chairperson of the NITI Aayog as of October 2021 is Dr. Rajiv Kumar.

The correct answer is From April 11th to 14th 2016 in New Delhi.

Key Points

• The Third Asian Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation 2016 was held from April 11th to 14th 2016 in New Delhi.
• This was the latest meeting in the Tx2 process to double wild tiger numbers by the year 2022.
• The Conference was hosted in New Delhi from the 11th to 14th April by the Global Tiger Forum (GTF).
• The previous two Asian Ministerial Conferences on Tiger Conservation were held in January 2010 in Hua Hin, Thailand, and in October 2012 in Thimphu, Bhutan.
• The Third Asia Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation (3AMC) marks the mid-point in the implementation of the twelve-year Global Tiger Recovery Program (GTRP). The GTRP was launched by heads of government at the St. Petersburg Tiger Summit in 2010.

Additional Information

• It was hosted by the Global Tiger Forum (GTF) and National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) on behalf of the Government of India.
• The three-day conference was attended by high-level government representatives from all 13 tiger countries and resulted in a new resolution that guides the next six years of tiger conservation.
• The Conference was inaugurated with a speech by India Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It was also attended by Mr. Prakash Javadekar, Minister for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change of India.

The correct answer is 206.

• The adult human body has 206 bones in their body.
• A baby's body has about 300 bones at birth. These eventually fuse (grow together) to form the 206 bones.
• Bones are made up of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and other minerals, as well as the protein collagen.
• Joints are the place where two bones meet or connect.

Additional Information

• The human hand, including the wrist, contains 54 bones. There are 26 bones in the human foot.
• The femur, or thighbone, is the longest and strongest bone of the human skeleton.
• The stapes, in the middle ear, is the smallest and lightest bone of the human skeleton.
• Bones function as the skeleton of the human body, allowing body parts to move and protect organs from impact damage.
• They also produce red and white blood cells.

The correct answer is Generation.

Key Points

• In telecommunication, 'G' in 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G stands for Generation.
• 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G represent the five generations of mobile networks where 'G' stands for 'Generation' and the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent the generation number.
• Since the early 1980s, one sees a new generation of mobile networks almost every ten years.

Additional Information

• A major jump in technology was when the wireless networks went from analog to digital.
• The first-generation (1G) – Systems are voice-oriented analog cellular and cordless telephones.
• The second-generation (2G) – Delivered digital signal and offered up to 250Kbps speed. Supports voice, text, and data services.
• The third-generation (3G) – At least 200Kbps up to 3Mbps speed.
• The fourth-generation (4G) – 4G delivers up to 100Mbps for mobile access, and up to 1Gbps for wireless access.

The correct answer is Printer.

Key Points

• A parallel port is most often used by a Printer.
• The parallel port is found on the back of the computer and is part of the motherboard.
• The parallel port is found on the back of IBM compatible computers and is a 25-pin (type DB-25) computer interface commonly used to connect printers to the computer.
• The parallel port interface is virtually non-existent because of the rise of Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices, along with network printing using Ethernet and Wi-Fi-connected printers.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Music.

Key Points

• Nobel Prizes are not given in the fields of Music.
• Six Nobel Prizes are awarded each year, one in each of the following categories: literature, physics, chemistry, peace, economics, and physiology & medicine.
• The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901. It was given to Henry Dunant (Switzerland) and Frederic Passy (France) for Peace.
• A total of 590 Nobel awards have been given to 935 Nobel Laureates between 1901-2018.
• John Bardeen is the only Nobel Laureate who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice (1956, 1972).
• Marie Curie is the only woman who has been honoured with a Nobel Prize twice (1903, 1911).

Additional InformationList of Nobel Prize Winners 2021

The correct answer is The distance travelled by light in one year.

Key Points

• "Light Year" is The distance travelled by light in one year.
• The International Astronomical Union defines a light-year is the distance light travels in 365.25 days.
• A light-year is a distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days).
• The nearest star to us is about 4.3 light-years away.
• The Milky Way galaxy is about 150,000 light-years across, and the nearest large galaxy, Andromeda, is 2.3 million light-years away.

Additional Information 

• The year in which February has 29 days is called a "leap year". This year with an extra day February 29 which is added nearly every four years to the calendar year.
• Sunlight an average of 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the Sun to the Earth.
• The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959.
• The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969.

The correct answer is Vishakhapatnam.

Key Points

• Vishakhapatnam is one of the major ports located on the East Coast of India.
• It is one of the 12 major ports of India. It is located on the east coast, midway between Kolkata and Chennai.
• The port started in 1933 transformed itself into a mega major port.
• The port contributes significantly to the maritime trade with the economies in the Asia and the Asia Pacific regions at economic cost besides economies in the Persian Gulf, Europe, Americas, and Africa.

Additional Information 

• Kandla Port is located in the Kutch district of the Indian state of Gujarat.
• Karaikal Port is located near the town of Karaikal in the Union Territory of Pondicherry.

The correct answer is Chilka.

Key Points

• India's largest lake is Chilka Lake.
• Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda, and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India.
• Chilka Lake is located on the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 km2. It is the biggest lake in India.
• This lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the largest brackish water lagoon in the world.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Arctic.

Key Points

• The smallest ocean in the world is the Arctic Ocean.
• The Central Arctic Ocean is the world's smallest ocean among all the five oceans. and he is surrounded by Eurasia and North America.
• The Arctic Ocean has a total area of about 14 million square kilometres (5.4 million square miles).
• The Arctic Ocean is located in the northern hemisphere north of 60 degrees North latitude.
• The Arctic Ocean derives its name from the word 'arktos' which means 'bear' in Greek.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Kaziranga.

Key Points

• Kaziranga National Park is known for the Great Indian one-horned Rhinoceros.
• The Kaziranga National Park is located in Kanchanjuri (Nagaon district), Assam. It comprises 90% of the population of greater-one horned rhinos.
• The Kaziranga National Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.
• The park has an immense area of 430 sq. kilometres. The park was given official status by the central government on 11 February 1974.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bangalore.

Key Points

• Bangalore is also known as the "Silicon Valley of India" because of its role in promoting the IT sector of India.
• ISRO, Infosys, Wipro, HAL, and other Indian technological organizations have their headquarters in Bangalore.
• In the early 1980s, Narayana Murthy & friends moved from Pune to build Infosys in the city closer to his hometown in Kolar.
• Bengaluru is also known as - India Science City of India Garden City of India Capital of Karnataka.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Italy.

Key Points

• The ship "Enrica Laxie' belonged to Italy.
• On 15 February 2012, two Indian fishermen were killed off the coast of Kerala, India. India alleged that the two Italian marines aboard the Italian-flagged commercial oil tanker MB Enrica Lexie killed the fishermen.
• On 4 April 2013, the Indian National Investigation Agency (NIA) filed a first information report against the two Italian marines in relation to charges including murder, attempted murder, mischief, conspiracy.
• The issue sparked a conflict of opinions over legal jurisdiction and functional immunity between the governments of India and Italy and has continued to cause diplomatic tension between the two nations.

Additional Information

• The Italian ship "Enrica Laxie" captain of St. Antony, Freddie Louis, claimed that his vessel was returning from its fishing expedition in the Laccadive Sea when men on board Enrica Lexie began firing at them without provocation for approximately two minutes.
• Although most of the Italian public opinion is convinced that the two captured marines are innocent, some far-left groups claim they are guilty of killing. Finally, India closes the case against the Italian marines.

The correct answer is Myanmar.

Key Points

• Aung San Suu Kyi's party the National League for Democracy has won the election in Myanmar (Burma).
• The National League for Democracy (NLD) is a liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma). It became the country's ruling party after a landslide victory in the 2015 general election but was overthrown in the military in early 2021.
• In May 1990, the government of Myanmar held free multiparty elections for the first time in almost 30 years, and the National League for Democracy (NLD), the party of Aung San Suu Kyi, won earning 392 out of a total 492 seats. However, the ruling military junta refused to recognize the result.
• On 21 May 2021, the junta's Union Election Committee announced plans to permanently dissolve the National League for Democracy.

Additional Information

• Aung San Suu Kyi was born on 19 June 1945 in Yangon Burma. She is a human rights activist.
• Nobel Peace Prize for 1991 was given to Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar (Burma) for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights.
• The National League for Democracy (NLD) was formed in 1990 and was ended when the military again took control of the country in a coup.
• The party advocates a non-violent movement towards multi-party democracy in Myanmar, which was under military rule from 1962 to 2011. The party also claims to support human rights (including broad-based freedom of speech), the rule of law, and national reconciliation.

The correct answer is Shooting.

Key Points

• Abhinav Bindra is a distinguished player in shooting games.
• Abhinav Bindra made history in Beijing 2008 Olympics by becoming the first Indian to win an individual gold medal.
• He is the first Indian to have held concurrently the world and Olympic titles for the men's 10-meter air rifle event, having earned those honors at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
• Abhinav Bindra has also won seven medals at the Commonwealth Games and three medals at the Asian Games.

Additional Information

• Abhinav Bindra was born in Zirkpur, Punjab.
• Bindra was the youngest participant in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. He was also the youngest Indian participant at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
• He received more than 150 medals in his 22-year career.
• He is the recipient of the Padma Bhushan from the Government of India, He also received the Arjun award, and Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna award, India's highest sports award.

The correct answer is Sports Coaches.

Key Points

• "The Dronacharya Award" is associated with the awarding of the sports coaches.
• The award is named after Drona, often referred to as "Dronacharya" or "Guru Drona" from the epic Mahabharata.
• "The Dronacharya Award" is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in the Republic of India.
• The first recipients of the award were Bhalchandra Bhaskar Bhagwat (Wrestling), Om Prakash Bhardwaj (Boxing), and O. M. Nambiar (Athletics), etc.

Additional Information

• The list of Dronacharya Award 2020 include:
• A. Life-Time Category
• Dharmendra Tiwary (Archery)
• Purushotham Rai (Athletics)
• Shiv Singh (Boxing)
• Romesh Pathania (Hockey)
• Krishan Kumar Hooda (Kabaddi)
• Vijay Bhalchandra Munishwar (Para Powerlifting)
• Naresh Kumar (Tennis)
• Om Parkash Dahiya (Wrestling)
• ​B. Regular Category
• Jude Felix Sebastian (Hockey)
• Yogesh Malviya (Mallakhamb)
• Jaspal Rana (Shooting)
• Kuldeep Kumar Handoo (Wushu)
• Gaurav Khanna (Para Badminton)

The correct answer is London.

Key Points

• The 2012 Olympics will be held in London.
• 2012 will be London's third time hosting the Games, with the first time being 1908, and the second in 1948.
• The 2016 Olympics was the XXXI edition of the Olympic games which started in the year 1896 (Athens).

Important Points

• It was the 30th Summer Olympics (London Olympics 2012) that concluded in London on 12 August 2012.
• The US topped the medal tally clinching a total of 104 medals, followed by China.
• India with a total of 6 medals (2 Silver+4Bronze) stood at 55th position.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 78 AD.

Key Points

• The "Saka Era" began in the year 78 AD.
• The Government of India adopted it as Indian National Calendar in 1957.
• It is believed that the Saka Era was founded by King Kanishka in 78 AD.
• The Saka calendar consists of 365 days and 12 months which is similar to the structure of the Gregorian Calendar.

Additional Information

• The Sakas, also known as Shakas in the first century, invaded NorthWest India. Sakas were a group of Iranian Nomadic pastoral tribes.
• Rudraman I was the greatest Saka ruler; he belonged to the western Kshtatrapa dynasty and was the grandson of Chastana. He ruled in Narmada valley and other parts of Gujarat and Malwa.
• Vikrama or Vikramaditya is the founder of the Vikrama Era. It is also known as the Malwa era as Vikrama ruled over the Malava country.

The correct answer is Judaism.

Key Points

• The synagogue is the place of worship of the Judaism community.
• Judaism is one of the oldest religions of the world, evolved in Egypt about 3,700 years ago.
• Judaism is the religion, philosophy, and way of life of the Jewish people.
• The Jews believe in one god as was instituted by Abraham, Who they call Yahweh and from whom all creation flows.
• The religious scripture Sefer Torah consists of the first five books of the Old Testament.

Additional Information

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• Historical sources credit the invention of paper to Cai Lun, a dignitary serving the imperial Chinese court.
• In AD 105, he began producing sheets of paper from scraps of old rags, tree bark, and fishing nets.
• The Japanese immediately learned paper-making techniques and began using pulp derived from mulberry bark to produce this precious material themselves.
• It wasn’t until the 11th century that paper arrived in Europe, with the Arab conquest of Sicily and Spain.
• The industrial manufacture of paper began in the 19th century.

Additional Information

• In 1797, Louis Nicolas Robert created the first Fourdrinier machine, which was able to produce a 60-cm-long sheet.
• Paper manufacturing uses significant amounts of natural resources.
• It is estimated that between 2 and 2.5 tonnes of timber and 30-40 cubic meters of water are required to make one tonne of paper.

The correct answer is Newton.

Key Points

• The universal law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton.
• Newton used the universal law of gravity to prove that the moon is accelerating towards Earth just as a body on Earth is falling towards Earth.
• According to the Universal law of gravitation, the force between two bodies is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to a square of the distance.
• The law was given in the year 1687.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Explosive.

Key Points

• Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a pale yellow, solid organic nitrogen compound used chiefly as an explosive.
• TNT (Tri Nitro Toulene) is prepared by stepwise nitration of toluene. Because TNT melts at 82°C and does not explode below 240°C, it can be melted in steam-heated vessels and poured into casings.
• For example, TNT explosives are used in military shells, bombs, and grenades, in industrial uses, and in underwater blasting.

Additional Information

The correct answer is South Korea.

Key Points

• South Korea is not a member of BRICS.
• BRICS started in 2001 as BRIC, an acronym coined by Goldman Sachs for Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
• South Africa joined the group in the year 2010.
• BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• BRICS accounts for about 40% of the world’s population and about 30% of the GDP.
• BRICS countries are believed to be the future dominant suppliers of manufactured goods, services, and raw materials by 2050.

Additional Information

• The first BRIC Summit took place in 2009 in the Russian Federation and focused on issues such as reform of the global financial architecture.
• The 11^th BRICS summit took place in Brazil (Brasilia) from 13 to 14 November 2019.
• The 2020 BRICS summit was held virtually amid the covid pandemic under the chairmanship of Russia.
• The 13th BRICS Summit was held under India's Chairmanship on 09 September 2021.
• China will take over the BRICS chairmanship and host the 14th BRICS Summit in the year 2022.

The correct answer is 33%.

Key Points

• The women's representation in panchayat is a minimum of 33% or one-third of the total seats.
• Clause (3) of Article 243D of the Constitution ensures participation of women in Panchayati Raj Institutions by mandating not less than one-third reservation for women.
• Jharkhand leads the way with more than 50% of women's representation at the local level.
• In 1992, the 73^rd and 74^th Constitutional Amendments introduced local self-governance or decentralization.

Additional Information

• The 73^rd and 74^th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992, gave Constitutional status to Panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) and urban local bodies (ULBs) respectively.
• The amendments mandate the states to establish a three-tier system of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels and Municipalities in the urban areas respectively.
• Article 40 lays down that the State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.

The correct answer is Damakheda.

Key Points

• The religious place of the Kabir sect is Damakheda.
• Damakheda is a pilgrimage centre of Kabirpantis near Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh and in district Balodabazar – Bhatapara.
• It is a small village situated 10 km from Simga on Raipur-Bilaspur road. It is considered to be the biggest centre of faith of Kabirpantis.
• It is believed that 100 years ago, Kabir Math was established here by Guru Agardas Swami, the 12th Guru of Kabirpanth.

Additional Information

• Kabir Panth is a sect practicing the thoughts and ideas of Sant Kabir.
• The sect claims to have been founded by spiritual descendants of Sant Kabirdas during the 16th century.
• The principal religious heritage of the sect is based on songs and verses of the poet-saint. The followers are known as Kabir Panthis.
• The majority of Kabir Panthis reside in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.

The correct answer is Champaran.

Key Points

• The propagator of the Vaishnava sect, Vallabhacharya was born at Champaran on 27 April 1479.
• He was also known as ‘Achinitabhadra’.
• He was the first to promote Krishna Bhakti on the basis of Maha Bhagavad Purana.
• He founded the philosophy of Shuddha Advaita which believed in the absolute union.
• He died in Varanasi in the year 1531.

Additional Information

• The four sects of Hinduism are- Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.
• Vaishnavism is one of the major forms of modern Hinduism, characterized by devotion to the god Vishnu and his incarnations (avatars).
• Vaishnavism has four main categories of sampradayas (denominations, sub-schools):
• the medieval-era Vishishtadvaita school of Ramanuja.
• the Dvaita school of Madhvacharya.
• the Dvaitadvaita school of Nimbarkacharya.
• the Pushtimarg of Vallabhacharya.

The correct answer is Oraon.

Key Points

• "Sarhul" is a traditional dance of the Oraon tribe. It is also celebrated by the Munda and the Ho tribes of Jharkhand.
• The festival marks the beginning of the New Year and is celebrated every year in the first month of the Hindu calendar, on the third day of the moon or the fortnight of 'Chaitra'.
• Sarhul marks the advent of the spring season or “Phaagun” and is celebrated till the month of June or “Jeth”.
• The tribes start the Sarhul festival with the worship of trees and other elements of nature.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Koriya.

Key Points

• Amritdhara Waterfall is one of the highest and widest waterfalls in the state of Chhattisgarh and is located in the Koriya district.
• It originates from the Hasdeo River, which is a tributary of the Mahanadi River.
• It falls from a height of 90.0 ft. The waterfall is about 10.0–15.0 ft wide.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Minimata Bango dam - Arpa river.

<br>

Key Points

• Minimata Bango Dam is located in the Hasdeo river. It is located in Nawapara, Chhattisgarh.
• Minimata Bango Dam is a dam constructed in 1961-62 across the Hasdeo river.
• Minimata Bango Dam has a catchment area of 6,730 km².
• It is the longest, widest dam in Chhattisgarh and the first multi-purpose water project in Chhattisgarh. For example- water supply, hydroelectric, tourism, etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• The iron ore from Bailladilla is exported to Japan and South Korea.
• The export happens through the Visakhapatnam Port (Andhra Pradesh).
• Bailadila-14 mine is the first large-scale open cast mechanized iron ore mine in India for which DPR was prepared by NMDC.
• National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) is India's single largest iron-ore producer and exporter.

Additional Information

• Iron-ore from the Bailadila region is known to be super high grade having over 66 per cent iron content, free from sulfur and other deleterious material, and the best physical properties needed for steel making.
• Bailadila iron mines are located in the Dantewada district of the state of Chhattisgarh.
• A 270 km long slurry (a semi-liquid mixture) pipeline from the Bailadila to the Vizag plant transports the ore slurry.
• Smelting is done in Vizag (Vishakhapatnam) iron and steel factory.

The correct answer is Music and Art.

Key Points

• "The Chakradhar Samman' given by the Government of Chhattisgarh relates to the field of music and art.
• Raja Chakradhar Singh was born on August 19, 1905, in the Raigarh Princely State.
• He is also famous by the name of Nanneh Maharaj. He made a specific contribution to the field of music.
• Dr. Bharati Bandhu (G. C. D. Bharati) won the "The Chakradhar Samman' of 2020.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh government has established the Chakradhar Dance Center in Bhopal in his name.​
• He belonged to the Gond dynasty and ruled from 1924 to 1947.
• He was the son of Raja Bhup Deo Singh, who died in 1917.

The correct answer is Rigveda.

Key Points

• The oldest Veda is Rigveda in four Indo-Aryan Vedas.
• The Rigveda is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns.
• It is a religious text, composed in Sanskrit, that originated in ancient India (1800-1100 BCE.).
• The Rigveda is divided into ten books which are known as Mandalas. It is a collection of 10,600 verses and 1,028 hymns.
• As per the Rig Veda, the Universe devised from Prajapati, the initial God and the principle basis of creation.
• Gayatri mantra (Savitri) is also in Rig-Veda. Indra is the chief deity mentioned in the Rig Veda.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Key Points

• Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, for her humanitarian work.
• She was awarded the country’s highest civilian honor " Bharat Ratna" in the year 1980.
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is the first non-Indian to receive the "Bharat Ratna" award.
• The first two Non-Indians who received the Bharat Ratna are- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan(1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990).
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was nominated for the Nobel Peace prize in 1985.
• Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was known as Badshah Khan and “Sarhadi Gandhi” and Frontier Gandhi.
• He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar. It was based on a belief in the power of Gandhi’s notion of Satyagraha,

Additional Information

The correct answer is Svetambara and Digambara.

Key Points

• Jainism was divided into two sects known as - Svetambara and Digambara.
• Digambar Jain monks do not wear clothes because they believe clothes are like other possessions, increasing dependency and desire for material things, and desire for anything ultimately leads to sorrow.
• The Svetambara wore white clothes and covered their bodies as per their monastic discipline.
• Digambara means sky-clad, and the Svetambara means white-clad.
• Jainism came into prominence in the 6th century B.C., when Lord Mahavira propagated the religion.
• There were 24 great teachers (Tirthankars), the last of whom was Lord Mahavira. The first Tirthankar was Risabhanatha.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Huen Tsang.

Key Points

• Huen Tsang is a Chinese visitor who traveled during the reign of Harsha in 630 AD.
• He traveled to Afghanistan from India to other locations in Central Asia. He was mainly aimed at acquiring awareness of Buddhism and collecting its religious texts.
• He wrote a thorough description of India in his book 'Si-yu-ki' or 'Record of the Western Countries'.
• His description was acknowledged at that time as the best available source of knowledge of India's administrative, social and cultural situation.

Additional Information

The correct answer is A form of agriculture.

Key Points

• "Jhoom" is a form of agriculture.
• In this agriculture farming method, the trees and other vegetation that are present on a particular land are cut down to create the field for crop cultivation.
• "Jhoom" is one of the oldest practices of agriculture systems.
• Jhoom farming is also known as 'slash and burn agriculture or 'fire-fallow cultivation.
• It is mostly practiced by the tribal groups in the northeastern states of India like Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland and also in the districts of Bangladesh like Khagrachari and Sylhet.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Pluto.

Key Points

• According to the International Astronomical Union, Pluto is still not an official planet in our solar system.
• International Astronomical Union is the organization charged with naming all celestial bodies and deciding on their statuses.
• Pluto was first discovered by a young research assistant Clyde Tombaugh in 1930.
• Pluto was demoted to dwarf planet status in 2006.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Butane and Propene.

Key Points

• LPG (cooking gas) is a mixture of Butane and propane.
• LPG (cooking gas) is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases that include propane, butane, isobutene, and mixtures of the three LPG gases.
• LPG (cooking gas) is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms forming propane and butane whilst natural gas is made up of lighter methane, the simplest carbon and hydrogen molecule.
• LPG (cooking gas) is stored in steel vessels ranging from small BBQ gas bottles to larger gas cylinders and tanks. They are commonly used for generating heat for the home. For example- heating, hot water, cooking including boilers, etc.

Additional Information

• LPG is an abbreviation of “Liquefied Petroleum Gas”.
• The main source of obtaining LPG is the process of extracting natural gas from reservoirs.
• Liquid petroleum gases were discovered in 1912 by Dr. Walter Snelling.
• It is a non-renewable source of energy.

The correct answer is Corporate tax.

Key Points

• The most important source of revenue for the Central Government is Corporate tax.
• Corporate tax is a direct tax imposed by a jurisdiction on the income or capital of corporations or analogous legal entities.
• Corporate tax is also called corporation tax or company tax.
• Direct taxes are taxes that are paid directly to the government by an individual/organization. for example- Income tax, goods, and services tax, property tax, wealth tax, etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Fossil.

Key Points

• Radiocarbon dating technique is used to ascertain the age of the Fossil**.**
• Radiocarbon dating is also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating.
• Radiocarbon dating is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
• The samples that have been radiocarbon dated since the inception of the method include - charcoal, wood, twigs, seeds, bones, shells, leather, peat, lake mud, soil, hair, pottery, pollen, wall paintings, corals, blood residues, fabrics, paper or parchment, resins, and water, etc.

Additional Information

• Radiocarbon dating is very widely applied to organic samples from archaeological excavation and historical buildings, not only wood but also such materials as bone.
• Carbon dating is a way of telling the age of a once-living thing by measuring the amount of carbon inside of it.
• Geologists do not use carbon-based radiometric dating to determine the age of rocks. Carbon dating only works for objects that are younger than about 50,000 years, and most rocks of interest are older than that

The correct answer is Emulsion.

Key Points

• Milk is an emulsion or colloid of butterfat globules within a water-based fluid that contains dissolved carbohydrates and protein aggregates with minerals.
• An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.
• Common examples of emulsions include egg yolk, butter, and mayonnaise.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Silicon.

Key Points

• The integrated Circuit Chip in the computer is made of Silicon.
• The full form of IC Chips is integrated circuit chips. It is made up of semiconductor material which is normally silicon.
• An integrated circuit (ICs) is an electronic device comprising numerous functional elements such as transistors, resistors, condensers, etc.
• In the manufacturing process of IC, electronic circuits with components such as transistors are formed on the surface of a silicon crystal wafer.
• Silicon-made computer integrated chip examples are Microcontrollers, microprocessors, and FPGAs, etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Steve Jobs.

Key Points

• Steve Jobs was co-founder of Apple company who passed away recently at the age of 56.
• Steve Jobs suffered from various health-related issues which included pancreatic cancer.
• He had stepped down from the post of CEO of Apple to make way for new CEO Tim Cook.
• Steve Jobs was the creator of iconic products such as the Mac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, etc.
• He died a day after Apple announced the launch of the iPhone 4S. He died on 5th October 2011.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Jhaveri Bazar.

Key Points

• The places that were attacked on 26/11 In Mumbai were:

1. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station,
2. Taj Mahal Palace,
3. Cafe Leopold,
4. Cama and Albless Hospital,
5. Nariman House or Chabad House, and
6. Oberoi-Trident hotel.

• On 13 July 2011, blasts occurred at the Opera House, at Zaveri Bazaar, and at Dadar West localities, leaving 26 killed and 130 injured.
• Zaveri Bazaar is located at Bhuleshwar in South Mumbai and is famous for photo frames, clips, tea-sets, dinnerware, toys, etc.

Additional Information

• On November 26, 2008, Mumbai fell victim to one of the worst terrorist attacks in Indian history.
• The members of the terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba killed around 166 people and injured thousands.
• The martyrs of the attack include:
• Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) chief Hemant Karkare,
• Army Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan,
• Mumbai’s Additional Police Commissioner Ashok Kamte,
• Senior Police Inspector Vijay Salaskar, and
• Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI) Tukaram Omble.

The correct answer is Param Vir Chakra and Mahavir Chakra.

Key Points

• The two highest gallantry awards in India are Param Vir Chakra and Mahavir Chakra.
• The Param Vir Chakra is India's highest military decoration, awarded for displaying distinguished acts of valor during wartime.
• Param Vir Chakra means "Wheel of the Ultimate Brave", and the award is granted for "most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy".
• The Maha Vir Chakra is the second-highest military honorary award in India, after the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air.
• There are a total of 21 recipients of the Param Vir Chakra Medal so far. Some of the recipients include - Major Somnath Sharma, Lance Naik Karam Singh, Subedar Joginder Singh Sahan, company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid, etc.
• There are a total of 231 recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra. Some of the recipients include - Brig. Anand Sarup, Nk. Sugan Singh, Squad. Leader Ravinder Nath Bhardwaj, Squad. Leader Ravinder Nath Bhardwaj etc.

Additional Information

Gallantry Awards