UPPCL Technician (Electrical) 19 Mar 2021 Official Paper (Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct option is (3)

In banded rows/columns, even and odd rows/columns are displayed with another color.

Key Points

• Banded rows signify that after one row, another row will be in a different color, and so on.
• In MS Word, the banded column feature is used to differentiate the formatting of even columns from topic columns.
• Your worksheet's data may be easier to scan if you use color banding, which is the practice of adding a different color to alternate rows or columns.
• You can quickly apply a pre-made table format to format different rows or columns. When rows and columns are added using this technique, alternative row or column shading is automatically applied.
• When an Excel sheet contains a lot of data, color banding makes it simpler for the human eye to distinguish between rows and columns.
• Rows and columns can be banded together to create alternating bands of colored or textured rows and columns.
• To select something, tap anywhere on the table. To choose a whole row or column, drag the selection handle after tapping once more to select the first cell in the row or column.

The correct option is (4)

Digital subscriber line

Key Points

• A communication method known as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is used to transmit internet traffic via copper-wired telecommunications lines and telephone networks.
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that uses standard copper telephone lines to deliver high-bandwidth information to homes and small businesses.
• The Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) internet service is only available in some locations and has a restricted operating range due to the limitations of the telephone network.

Additional Information Leased line:- A leased line is a two-way phone line that has been rented for exclusive usage in communications, data exchange, or voice.

Ethernet:- Ethernet is still a widely used type of network connection and is used to connect devices in a network. Ethernet is utilized for local networks because of its high speed, security, and dependability in places where it is specifically needed, including company offices, campuses of educational institutions, and hospitals.

Digital signal line:- A digital signal is one that can only take on one of a limited number of discrete values at any given time, representing data as a sequence of discrete values.

The correct option is (1)

Drop cap

Concept:-

Drop cap expands the first letter of a paragraph to multiple lines.

Key Points

• The first letter of a paragraph is called a drop cap, and it is significantly larger than the remaining conventional text.
• A huge capital letter known as a drop cap (sometimes known as a dropped capital) is used as a decorative element at the start of a paragraph or section. A drop cap is often two or more lines in length.

Additional Information Autocorrect:- A sort of software program known as auto-correct recognizes misspelled words, applies algorithms to determine the words that were most likely intended, and then fixes the text as necessary. 

Subscript and Superscript:- A character (such as a number or letter) that is slightly below or above the typical line of type is referred to as a subscript and superscript, respectively. Usually, it is less substantial than the rest of the text. Superscripts are above the baseline, while subscripts are at or below it.

The correct option is (3)

Static

Concept:-

SRAM stands for static random access memory.

Key Points

• As long as power is being provided, SRAM (static RAM), a form of random access memory (RAM), keeps data bits in its memory.
• A particular kind of memory found in semiconductors is known as static random-access memory. SRAM is immobile. It can function without a human periodically refreshing it.
• N registers are contained in a static random access memory (SRAM), and each is addressed by log N address bits A. Due to the fact that the underlying flip-flops are "static," they are what gives SRAM its moniker.
• Flip-flops, a bistable circuit made up of four to six transistors, make up static RAM (SRAM). Until the opposite value is put in a flip-flop, the bit it previously stored is retained.

Additional Information Symmetric:- A balanced and proportionate likeness between two halves of an object is referred to as symmetry. It implies that one half is the other's mirror image.

Synchronous:- Synchronous learning entails virtually attending a weekly class meeting at the same time as your instructor and classmates, even though you will be learning from a distance.

The correct option is (4)

ARPANET

Concept:-

The first network created by the internet was the ARPANET.

Key Points

• The first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed controversy was the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET).
• The first open packet-switched computer network was the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET).
• In 1989, it was ultimately deactivated after being put into use in 1969. The primary applications of ARPANET were in academia and research.
• The TCP/IP protocol suite was first used in early packet-switching networks like ARPANET.

Additional Information

• Option 1 – NSFNET: ❌ Developed later in the 1980s as a successor to ARPANET for academic and research purposes.
• Option 2 – ASAPNET: ❌ Not a recognized early computer network.
• Option 3 – CNNET: ❌ Refers to China's early networking efforts, much later than ARPANET.
• Option 4 – ARPANET: ✅ Correct. It is the earliest and foundational network that led to the development of the Internet.

The correct option is (1)

TCP

Concept:-

Several protocols are included at the application layer, including Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SMTP, SNMP, DNS, and DHCP.

Key Points

• An application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections can be used to send files between computers using the FTP (File Transfer Protocol) network protocol.
• FTP is regarded as an application layer protocol within the TCP/IP family of protocols.
• Programs that emulate terminals and let you connect to distant hosts frequently use TELNET.
• TELNET, however, can also be utilized for interprocess communication and terminal-to-terminal communication.
• Other protocols (like FTP) can also establish a protocol control channel using TELNET.

Additional Information

• A trustworthy, full-duplex, connection-oriented data transmission service is offered by the transport-layer protocol TCP. TCP is used by most Internet applications.
• The top layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications paradigm, Layer 7, is where the application layer is located.

The correct option is (3)

#N/A

Concept:-

#N/A:- "No value available" or "not available" are the meanings of this error. It means that the formula is unable to locate the value that we had assumed it would. Consider using Excel's VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, and MATCH functions.

 Key Points

• The formula or the cells that it references have a problem. Microsoft acknowledges that this error value is ambiguous and that determining its cause can be challenging.
• formula-filled cells that produce errors: The anticipated syntax, parameters, or data types are not used in a formula. #DIV/0!, #N/A, #NAME?, #NULL!, #NUM!, #REF!, and #VALUE! are examples of error values.
• Each of these erroneous values has a unique cause and a unique method of correction.

Additional Information #NULL!:- #NULL! Error-values happen when there is an accidental or improper space used in a formula to separate two or more cell references.

#NUM!:- When an Excel calculation can't be done, the #NUM! error appears.

#NAME?:- When you encounter the #NAME? mistake in your calculation, fix it since it indicates that the syntax has to be fixed.

The correct option is (2)

I-Node

Concept:-

Each file or directory has a unique identifier that is typically referred to as an I-Node, as well as its name and the directory in which it is located.

Key Points

• An I-Node is a type of data structure used by UNIX operating systems to store crucial data about files in a file system.
• Because they contain information that is always required, such as ownership and protection, I-Nodes are found on discs and are always valid.
• A predetermined number of I-Nodes are also created when a file system is formed in UNIX. The I-Node table typically receives 1% of the entire file system's disc capacity.

Additional Information

• A kernel memory object called Vnode operates similarly to the UNIX file interface, opening, reading, writing, and closing files.
• On an operating system that is similar to Linux or Unix, a PID is an acronym for a process identification number.
• Every newly formed process is given a PID by default.
• On a system similar to Unix, a process is nothing more than a running instance of a program, and each process has a distinct PID.

The correct option is (1)

Computer-Aided Design

Key Points

• Computer-aided design, or CAD, is the process of using computer-based software to help with design processes. Engineers and designers of all stripes regularly utilize CAD software.
• Architects, construction managers, and engineers now use CAD design in favor of manual drafting.
• In addition to assisting users in visualizing buildings in either 2D or 3D, it also enables the development, modification, and optimization of the design process.
• Using specialized software, computer-aided design (CAD) produces two- and three-dimensional representations and animations of projects for use in manufacturing, advertising, and technical manuals.
• Using computers (or workstations) to help with the creation, revision, analysis, or optimization of a design is known as computer-aided design (CAD).

The correct option is (1)

26

Explanation:-

Here given excel formula

=2+16/2^1*3

The value of 2^1 stands for 2¹ which results in a value of 2.

The 16 is divided by 2 the result is 8 and 8*3 = 24 then 2+24=26

∴ the value of =2+16/2^1*3 = 26

Key Points

• Initialize the formula in an excel cell using the =(equal to )sign.
• MS Excel formula is an expression that operates on value in a range of cell addresses and operators.
• The operator " ^ (caret)" raises a number to a power.

The correct option is (1)

Scroll bar

Key Points

• A horizontal scroll bar makes it possible to left- or right-scroll a window's content. The user can scroll the content up or down using a vertical scroll bar.
• A scroll bar on a computer screen is a long, thin box along a window's edge that you can click with your mouse to move the text up, down, or across the window.
• A window can be relocated to any location on your screen after it has been enlarged so that it is not fullscreen. Click and hold the left mouse button on the window's title bar to accomplish this. After that, drag it where you want it to go.
• Instead of utilizing the vertical scroll bar on the right side of a document or webpage, you can scroll up and down on any page by using the scroll wheel in the center of the mouse. Another function of the mouse's scroll wheel is as a third button.

Additional Information

• The minimize button (the "-" symbol for minimize) reduces the size of the application window and moves it to the taskbar while the program is still running.
• A horizontal window at the bottom of a parent window called a status bar is where an application can show several types of status information. To display multiple types of information, the status bar can be separated into sections.
• An icon and line of text specified by the application are displayed in the title bar at the top of a window. The text identifies the application by name and describes the window's function.

The correct option is (4)

Magnetic Tape

Concept:-

EPROM, DRAM, and SRAM are all types of computer memory, while Magnetic Tape is a storage medium that was commonly used for data backup and archival purposes before the advent of modern storage devices like hard drives and solid-state drives.

Key Points

• Speech and music are recorded on magnetic audio tape, and analog voice and video signals can be directly and simultaneously recorded on magnetic videotape at a low cost.
• A long, narrow strip of plastic film is covered in a thin, magnetizable coating to create magnetic tape, a medium for magnetic storage. It was created in Germany in 1928 using magnetic wire recording as a foundation.
• SRAM, which stands for Static Random Access Memory, is a type of computer memory that needs an ongoing supply of power to function.
• DRAM, which stands for dynamic random access memory, is one of the memory modules that are most frequently found in PC-compatible desktop computers and workstations.
• EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is a type of non-volatile memory that can be programmed and erased multiple times. EPROMs are used in many electronic devices such as computers, consumer electronics, and automotive systems.

The correct option is (1)

Random

Concept:-

Bus topology, ring topology, star topology, mesh topology, and hybrid topology are some examples of topologies. Random is not a valid topology.

Key Points

• Network topology is the configuration of a network made up of nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver.
• The network architecture will develop in accordance with how data is moved between devices and how they are linked.
• The structure or pattern in which each node in a network is connected is known as topology. In networking, there are many different topologies, such as the bus, tree, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid topologies.

Additional Information

• In a LAN (Local Area Network), a bus architecture is used to connect several nodes to a specific cable instead of using a single backbone. It is possible to connect many devices using a coaxial wire or RJ-45 cable. When a cable in a bus topology has an issue, the entire network will not function.
• Every device on the network is separately connected to the switch or hub, which is the central node, in a network topology known as a star topology.
• In a ring topology, device connections form a circular data channel in the network setup.

The correct option is (4)

Six

Concept:-

There are six editions of the Windows 7 operating system.

Key Points

• Windows 7 comes in six different editions: Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate. As is to be expected, confusion envelops each of these editions like fleas do an old cat.
• The most advanced version of Windows 7, Windows 7 Ultimate includes all the features found in Professional and Home Premium as well as BitLocker technology. Additionally, Windows 7 Ultimate has the broadest language support.
• The operating system Windows 7 Home Premium was created for home PCs and has a variety of multimedia features.
• The powerful networking features of the Windows 7 Professional operating system were created with workplace machines in mind.
• Large organizations are the target market for the Windows 7 Enterprise operating system.
• The operating system for Windows 7 Home Basic is more feature-rich and easy to use.
• The Windows 7 Starter operating system was created with simplicity in mind.

The correct option is (3)

F2

Concept:-

Key Points In MS Excel, the F2 function key is used to edit the content of a cell in MS Excel.

Key Points

• Everyone (or almost everyone) is aware that pressing the F2 key in Excel activates the "editing" mode for the selected cell, allowing you to change its contents while the formula's various cell references change colors.
• The FUNCTION keys F1 through F12 have unique alternate commands. Enhanced function keys are what these keys are known as. You can access frequently used tasks quickly with the help of enhanced function keys, which can boost your productivity.

Additional Information

• F1: Displays the Help menu for the currently active window.
• By hitting F5, the page or document window is refreshed or reloaded in all contemporary Internet browsers.
• A function key called F11 can be located at the top of practically every computer keyboard. All contemporary web browsers support the key, which is frequently used to enter and leave fullscreen mode.

The correct option is (2)

(i) - True (ii) - False

Key Points

• The area between the text and the edge of your document is known as a margin. The margins of a new document are by default set to Normal, which leaves one inch between the text and each edge. You can alter the margin size in Word to suit your requirements.
• By selecting the Layout tab and pressing the little arrow in the Page Setup group's lower-right corner, you can also access the Page Setup dialogue box.
• Each page in Word has a one-inch margin by default. You can configure margins for facing pages, add extra margin space to enable document binding, change how margins are measured, and customize or select established margin settings.
• Multiple open documents can be seen horizontally or side by side. Each document may be handled separately. The ability to simultaneously scroll through two documents is also available. Let's examine a few of these beneficial Word features.
• Activate File > Options > Advanced. To access the Display section, scroll down. The "Show all windows in the Taskbar" checkbox should be selected. Each document will now open in a distinct window, which you can then move to a different monitor.

The correct option is (1)

Garbage in garbage out

Key Points

• Computer science and mathematics both share the idea of GIGO (Garbage in, Garbage out), which states that the quality of the input determines the quality of the result.
• GIGO is also used to refer to errors in human decision-making brought on by inaccurate, insufficient, or unreliable data.
• "Garbage In, Garbage Out" is what it stands for. The computer science abbreviation GIGO means that poor input will lead to poor output.

Additional Information

• Data, objects, or other areas of a computer system's memory (or other system resources) that won't be used by the system or a program running on it in the future are referred to as "trash" in computer science.
• Politics can be reduced, objectivity can be upheld, and garbage can be avoided by teaching the six principles to everyone who has a say in the decision-making process and by creating transparency around the decision-making process.

The correct option is (3)

Z$A$250

Key Points

• An alphanumeric value known as a cell reference, sometimes known as a cell address, is used to specify a particular cell in a spreadsheet. A number is followed by one or more letters in each cell reference. The column is designated by one or more letters, while the row is denoted by a number.
• As an illustration, the references A1, B2, and so on all refer to the cells that are located at the intersection of column A and row 1.
• A range in Excel is a group of two or more cells. The address of the upper left cell and the lower right cell, separated by a colon, serve as a range reference.

Additional Information

• A reference that is relative lacks the dollar sign ($) in the row and column coordinates, such as A1 or A1:B10. In Excel, all cell addresses are by default relative.
• The row or column coordinates with the dollar sign ($) in them, such as$A$1 or$A$1:$B$10, are absolute references.
• One relative and one absolute coordinate, such as $A1 or A$1, are included in a mixed reference.

The correct option is (3)

Internet telephony

Concept:-

Internet telephony is a time-sensitive service on the internet.

Key Points

• Standard telephone services that are transported over the internet using packet switching as opposed to circuit switching are referred to as internet telephony.
• All telephony services, such as phone calls, faxes, voicemail, video calls, and other kinds of communication, are referred to as "Internet Telephony" when calls and data are sent digitally over the Internet using the Internet Protocol (IP) as opposed to using conventional analog landlines.
• The global network of voice-focused public telephone networks is known as the public switched telephone network or PSTN.

 Additional Information

• Electronic mail, also known as email, is identified by an email ID or address when it is sent over the internet. The email requires a sender and recipient address, just like regular mail. All email addresses had the same structure since the 1980s: a distinctive name, followed by @ and the domain name.
• The exchange of data files across computer systems is referred to as file transfer. File transfer is the procedure of copying or moving a file from one computer to another across a network or internet connection, according to Techopedia.
• To download a file, visit the website where it is available. Tap the Download link or Download image after touching and holding the item you wish to download. Tap Download on various music and video files.

The correct option is (1)

00111000

Explanation:

Here is the given.

The ASCII code of 7 = 00110111. 

According to the table,

The ASCII code of 8 = 00111000

Key Points

• The most used character encoding format for text data in computers and on the internet is ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
• There are distinct values for 128 extra alphabetic, numeric, special, and control characters in ASCII-encoded data.
• ASCII is used to translate computer text into human text. Every computer uses binary, which is a series of 0s and 1s.

The correct option is (4)

Protocol

Concept:-

A set of rules that governs data communication is called a protocol.

Key Points

• A set of guidelines called a protocol governs communication. A sender, a receiver, and a method by which the message is sent from the sender to the receiver are the fundamental elements of communication.
• A "blueprint of methods, properties, and other requirements that suit a given task or piece of functionality" is defined by protocols.
• A protocol is a set of instructions for formatting and processing data in networking. Computers have a common language known as network protocols.
• Even if the software and hardware used by the computers in a network may be very dissimilar, the usage of protocols allows them to communicate with one another.

Additional Information Networking:- Networking is the informal social exchange of knowledge and ideas among those who share a profession or a particular interest. A single area of agreement is frequently the starting point for networking.

Standard:- Standards are a set of guidelines for data transmission that are required for the exchange of data between devices.

Topology:- The physical and logical configuration of a network's nodes and connections is known as its topology. Devices like switches, routers, and software with switch and router features are typically included in nodes.

The correct option is (2)

It is used to measure the speed of the CPU.

Key Points

• MFLOPs, an abbreviation for mega floating-point operations per second, is a commonly used indicator of how quickly computers can do floating-point computations.
• MIPS (million instructions per second), which measures integer performance, is another widely used metric of computer speed and power.
• MFLOPs are a commonly used metric for gauging how quickly floating-point calculations are processed by microprocessors.
• The term FLOP, or floating point operations per second, refers to how quickly a computer can perform calculations.
• A Giga FLOP is merely a GFLOP. So having GPU with 2 times higher GFLOP value is very likely to speed up the training process.
• A central processing unit, also known as a CPU, is a piece of electronic equipment that executes commands from software, enabling a computer or other device to carry out its functions.

The correct option is (2)

Uniform Resource Locator

Key Points

• Uniform Resource Locator, or URL, is an Internet resource address and a reference to that resource.
• Websites have individual addresses to make it easier for users to find them, just like residences and structures have street addresses. These are known as URLs on the Internet (Uniform Resource Locators).
• A website's name is its domain, its location is its URL, and its content is what visitors see and use when they arrive.
• In other words, purchasing a domain only gets you the name of your website; the actual website itself still needs to be built.
• The text or image that you want to appear as a hyperlink should be selected. Input Ctrl+K. You can also choose a Link from the shortcut menu by right-clicking the text or image and selecting it. Type or paste your link into the Address box of the Insert Hyperlink box.

The correct option is (3)

A macro is a series of commands and instructions that you put together as a single command to accomplish a task automatically.

Key Points

• By creating and using macros in Word, you may automate routine operations. A macro is a collection of instructions and commands that you can use as a single command to carry out a task automatically.
• Updated versions of Office 2007 Word used online. Combine the procedures into a macro to save time on routine chores.
• A macro is a section of code that a program replaces with its value. The #define directive defines a macro.
• When the compiler comes across a macro name, it substitutes the name with the macro definition. A semicolon is not required to end macro definitions (;).
• You may automate frequently used formatting options in Microsoft Word using macros, a little-utilized feature.
• When you frequently find yourself changing the same formatting settings across many documents**, macros** can be very helpful.

The correct option is (3)

View

Key Points

• The View tab is where you'll discover the many PowerPoint view choices, as demonstrated below.
• The PowerPoint window's bottom-right corner houses the slide view commands. Four primary slide views are available.
• Five alternative views are available in PowerPoint for working with presentations: Slide. \sOutline. Sorting by slide Page of Notes. Show a Slide.
• To see all of your slides listed in a column, choose Outline View. To view thumbnails of all your slides, use Slide Sorter.

Additional Information

• The Review tab is the following tab in Ribbon. This includes resources that can be used to edit and proofread presentations. We start with the available languages: Spelling: run a spell check on your written work.
• The Cut and Paste capabilities, Font and Paragraph settings, and tools you need to add and organize slides are all found on the Home page.
• The overall look of your entire slide show can be selected here. A slide show can be easily designed using themes. Each presentation slide will be customized to match the theme's chosen backdrop, font, colors, and effects.

The correct answer is $A$1.

Key Points

• The cell reference or cell address in MS Excel helps to identify the cell. Now, when a cell reference gets fixed and cannot change due to copy, then it is referred to as an absolute cell reference in MS Excel.
• In MS Excel, rows are named after numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. and the columns are named with capital letters A, B, C etc. Once it reaches the letter Z, the next column starts with 'AA'.
• The cell reference of the very first cell of MS Excel is A1. To create an absolute cell reference, the user needs to add the '$' sign at the beginning of the name of the row and column.
• For example, the absolute cell reference of A1 will be $A$1.

Thus the correct answer is $A$1.

Additional Information

• MS Excel, a spreadsheet program, is widely used for different kinds of functions, as a result, the info is simple to avoid wasting time, and data is accessible and removed with zero discomforts and less labour. Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program. MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer; therefore, the chance of losing them is much lesser than information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.

The correct answer is A.

Key Points

• The cell address in MS excel helps to identify the cell.
• In MS Excel, rows are labelled after numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. and the columns are labelled with capital letters A, B, C etc. Once it reaches the letter Z, the next column starts with 'AA'.
• The cell reference of the very first cell of MS Excel is A1 where the label of the first column is A and the label of the first row is 1.

Thus the correct answer is A.

 Additional Information

• MS Excel, a spreadsheet program, is widely used for different kinds of functions, as a result, the info is simple to avoid wasting time, and data is accessible and removed with zero discomforts and less labour. Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program. MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer; therefore, the chance of losing them is much lesser than information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.

The correct answer is E4.

Key Points

• The cell address in MS excel helps to identify the cell.
• In MS Excel, rows are labelled after numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. and the columns are labelled with capital letters A, B, C etc. Once it reaches the letter Z, the next column starts with 'AA'.
• The cell reference of the very first cell of MS Excel is A1 where the label of the first column is A and the label of the first row is 1.
• In this manner, the address of the cell containing the 4^th row and 5^th column in Microsoft Excel is E4.
  

Thus the correct answer is E4.

Additional Information

• MS Excel, a spreadsheet program, is widely used for different kinds of functions, as a result, the info is simple to avoid wasting time, and data is accessible and removed with zero discomforts and less labour. Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program. MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer; therefore, the chance of losing them is much lesser than information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.

The correct answer is Automatic.

Key Points

• Diligence: A computer is a machine and never gets tired or exhausted. It can work 24x7 hrs constantly, without making any mistakes.
• Accuracy: A computer is a machine and never makes any mistakes. It produces always 100% accurate answers after performing the calculation.
• Automatic: The automation mode allowed the computer to do its work automatically without human intervention.
• Versatility: A computer is a machine that can perform several tasks at the same time without making mistakes.

Thus the correct answer is Automatic.

Additional Information

• Charles Babbage is known as the father of the computer who invented the analytical engine in the year 1822. Abacus is known as the first calculating device.
• The computer can perform any task faster than a human being.
• Computer never forgets anything.

The correct answer is CTRL+Home.

Key Points

• CTRL + End: This keyboard shortcut is used to move the insertion point to the end of a Microsoft Word document
• CTRL + Enter: keyboard shortcut is used to insert a page break in a Microsoft Word document.
• CTRL + Home: This keyboard shortcut is used to move the insertion point to the beginning of a Microsoft Word document.
• Alt + Home: This keyboard shortcut is used to move the insertion point to the first cell of a table in a Microsoft Word document.

Thus the correct answer is CTRL+Home.

Additional Information

• The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
• Microsoft word is recognised as a word processor software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
• The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes, etc.
• It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
• In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
• The file extension used in MS Word is .doc or .docx.

The correct answer is 128 bytes.

Key Points

• The data is measured in the computer system in bits. It is the smallest unit to measure the data.
• When the 4 bits of the memory unit are called together as a nibble.
• When the 8 bits of the memory unit are called together as a byte.
• So, it can state that 2 nibbles =1 byte.
  

Therefore 256 nibbles = (256/2) bytes =128 bytes.

Thus the correct answer is 128 bytes.

Additional Information

• The other storage units used in the computer system are KiloBytes(KB), MegaBytes (MB), GigaBytes(GB), and TeraByte(TB).
• 1 KB= 1024 bytes; 1MB= 1024 KB;  1GB= 1024 MB;   1TB= 1024 GB.
• Above terabytes, there are some more storage units. These are petabytes (PB), exabytes (EB), zettabytes (ZB), and yottabytes (YB).

The correct answer is CTRL + M.

Key Points

The following keyboard shortcuts are used in MS PowerPoint for the Windows version.

• Alt + N: This keyboard shortcut is used to open the insert tab in Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.
• Ctrl + M: This keyboard shortcut to add a new slide to an existing Microsoft PowerPoint presentation
• Alt + W: This keyboard shortcut is used to go to the view tab in Microsoft PowerPoint.
• Ctrl + N: This keyboard shortcut is used to open a new presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint.

Thus the correct answer is CTRL + M.

Additional Information

• The main creators of MS PowerPoint software are Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin, launched in 1987. PowerPoint Presentation area is useful for every person and practised usage. Given below area unit one or two of the foremost fields where PPT is extremely useful:
• Education – With e-learning and smart classes being chosen as a typical mode of education lately, PowerPoint displays can facilitate making education loads interactive and attract students towards the modified version of learning.
• Marketing – Among the sphere of commerce, PowerPoint displays are going to be terribly necessary. Practice graphs and charts, numbers are going to be shown loads plain and clearly which may be ignored by the viewer if being scanned.
• Business – To raise investors or to point out the increase or decrease in profits, MS PowerPoint is going to be used.
• Depicting Growth – Since every graphic and text is going to be adscititious throughout a presentation, the portrayal of the enlargement of an organization, business, student’s marks, etc. is easier than practice PPT.

The correct answer is DRAM.

Key Points

• The word RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a very fast internal memory of the CPU. It holds data temporarily. After switching off the computer, data are deleted from the RAM. There are two variants of RAM. These are SRAM and DRAM.
• SRAM: The word SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory. The SRAM is comparatively the fastest memory. SRAM chips use a matrix of 6-transistors and no capacitors. Transistors don't need the power to forestall outpouring, therefore SRAM needn't be invigorated on a daily basis. There is an additional area within the matrix, thence SRAM uses a lot of chips than DRAM for an equivalent quantity of space for storing, creating the producing prices higher. SRAM is therefore used as cache memory and has no time access.
• DRAM: The word DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. DRAM always refresh itself to maintain the organised data. This is done by putting the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the information many hundred times per second. DRAM is employed for many system memory because it is affordable and tiny in size. DRAMs are created from memory cells, that are composed of 1 capacitor and one electronic transistor.

Thus the correct answer is DRAM.

Additional Information

• ROM: The word ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is permanent memory that the user will solely read but cannot write of it. This sort of memory is non-volatile. The data is kept for good in such recollections throughout manufacture. A memory stores such directions that square measure needed to begin a computing system. This operation is remarked as bootstrap.
• Memory chips don't seem to be solely utilized in the computing system however conjointly in different electronic things like cleaning machines and microwave ovens. MROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM are the types of ROM.

The correct answer is (i) - False, (ii) - True.

Key Points

• WinZip: WinZip is known as an application software. The main application of WinZip files is to achieve and compress the file for the Windows operating system, macOS. IOS, Android.
• Linux: Linux is an operating system that acts like Unix operating system or the system software. The code used to build Linux is free and available for the public to view, edit and use. Ubuntu is the popular version of Linux. Linux uses a command line interface as well as the graphical user interface.

Thus the correct answer is (i) - False, (ii) - True.

Additional Information

• When a user interacts with the computer system through some software, then it is known as application software.
• The system software is known as the base for the other software. System software uses a low-level programming language.

The correct answer is the minimise button.

Key Points

• Minimise button: By clicking on the minimise button a window out of the screen temporarily without closing it. The minimise button minimizes the current window to the taskbar. But the task will not close. It will keep running in the background. By clicking it again in the taskbar, it will return to the screen.
• Scroll bar: The scroll bar helps to scroll down or scroll up the content in windows. It also scrolls horizontally through the window.
• Maximise button: By clicking on the maximise button a window went to full-screen mode. Other applications cannot be seen at that time on the screen.
• Status bar: The status bar shows the status of the cursor movement and other statuses of the current window.

 Thus the correct answer is the minimise button.

The correct answer is RAM.

Key Points

• The word RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a very fast internal memory of the CPU. It holds data temporarily. After switching off the computer, data are deleted from the RAM. A CPU directly interacts with RAM to access data during a program’s execution. There are two variants of RAM. These are SRAM and DRAM.
• The word SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory. The SRAM is comparatively the fastest memory. SRAM chips use a matrix of 6-transistors and no capacitors. There is an additional area within the matrix, thence SRAM uses a lot of chips than DRAM for an equivalent quantity of space for storing, creating the producing prices higher. SRAM is therefore used as cache memory and has no time access. The word DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. DRAM always refresh itself to maintain the organised data. This is done by putting the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the information many hundred times per second. DRAM is employed for many system memory because it is affordable and tiny in size. DRAMs are created from memory cells, that are composed of 1 capacitor and one electronic transistor.

Thus the correct answer is RAM.

 Additional Information

• ROM: The word ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is permanent memory that the user will solely read but cannot write of it. This sort of memory is non-volatile. The data is kept for good in such recollections throughout manufacture. A memory stores such directions that are needed to begin a computing system. This operation is remarked as bootstrap. Memory chips don't seem to be solely utilized in the computing system however conjointly in different electronic things like cleaning machines and microwave ovens. MROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM are the types of ROM.
• Hard disk: The hard disk is recognised as secondary memory. It is permanent in nature. The size of the hard disk is depending on the users' requirements.
• Magnetic tape: The magnetic tape is the primary storage unit which is circular in size. Audio files, video files are recorded by using the magnetic tapes.

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

• ROUNDUP(): In MS Excel, the roundup() function is used to convert the decimal number to the next closest whole number or the decimal number. The syntax for roundup() is given below:
  

                     =roundup(decimal number, number of unit)

• For example, =roundup(5.86,1). The result will be 5.9.
• In the same manner, =ROUNDUP(2.5,0) will produce 3. Because after the decimal point, the number of the unit is 0.

Thus the correct answer is 3.

Additional Information

• MS Excel, a spreadsheet program, is widely used for varied functions, as a result, the info is simple to avoid wasting time, and data is accessible and removed with zero discomforts and less labour. Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program, MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer and therefore the chance of losing them is much lesser as compared to information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.

The correct answer is Mail Merge.

Key Points

• Mail Merge: In MS Word, a unique feature lets the user helps to create a batch of documents that are personalized for each recipient. This unique feature is known as a mail merge. In mail merge, the main document, the source of data and the document to be merged are referred to as the three important parts. The main document of the mail merge consists of text, images, information or instructions etc. The source of data holds the recipients' information which is going to be attached one by one to the main document. After merging the whole data, the merged mail is ready to be sent.
• Pivot Table: In the pivot table data can interact with each other to generate the final result. The pivot table is mainly used to generate a sort of report as per the given conditions.
• Drop Cap: A special feature in MS Word, that makes the story or paragraph more attractive. By using the drop cap, the first letter can be written in a very big size.
  

• Pagination: Pagination is done by adding the page number in the desired location in MS Word. It helps to understand the sequence of the content written in MS Word.

Thus the correct answer is Mail Merge.

Additional Information

• The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
• Microsoft word is recognised as a word processing software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
• The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes etc.
• It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
• In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
• The file extension used in MS Word is .doc or .docx.

The correct answer is the Ctrl+right arrow.

Key Points

• Alt + right arrow: This keyboard shortcut is used to go forward.
• Ctrl + right arrow: This keyboard shortcut is used to go to the last cell of a row in Microsoft Excel.
• Ctrl + left arrow: This keyboard shortcut is used to go to the first cell of the current row in Microsoft Excel.
• Ctrl + top arrow: This keyboard shortcut is used to go to the top cell of the current column in Microsoft Excel.

Thus the correct answer is the Ctrl + right arrow.

Additional Information

• Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program, MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer and therefore the chance of losing them is much lesser as compared to information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.

The correct answer is the Internet.

Key Points

• Local Area Network (LAN): In the Local Area Network, computers are connected through a common line. In this network system, the range of the area is limited. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most important technologies used in LAN. The LAN can be used in the home, school, library, etc.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN): In the Virtual Private Network, computers are acted as an extended private network. VPN users can send and receive the data like private network users, even though they are not connected to any private network.
• Intranet: When an organisation is using a network system for their private use then the network system is referred to as an Intranet. It's designed for the exclusive use of a corporation and its associates, like workers, customers, and alternative licensed individuals. It offers a secure platform to convey info and share knowledge with licensed users. The database, links, forms, and applications or any confidential data may be created and offered to the employees through the computer network within the organisation.
• Internet: The Internet is referred to as a  world network that connects billions of computers across the world with one another. It uses a commonplace web protocol suite (TCP/IP) to attach billions of computer or digital device users worldwide. It can be possible only because the cables like optical fibres and different wireless and networking technologies are connected properly. At present, the Internet is the quickest mean of causation or exchanging data and information between computers across the world.

Thus the correct answer is the Internet. 

Additional Information

• The Internet was developed by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf in the year 1970. They began the planning of what we tend to these days grasp because of the ‘Internet’.
• At the very beginning, the Internet was known as ARPANET, which stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. This was presupposed to be a communications system for the accumulation of the US of America - a network that might conjointly survive a nuclear attack.
• It eventually became a fortunate nationwide experimental packet network.

The correct answer is Framed.

Key Points

• The margins in the Word document give the content a very good impression. If the margin is not set properly, then it will affect the printing also. The margin for MS Word can be found in the page setup options.
• In the Page Setup group of Microsoft Word 2007, the preset margin option has four categories. These are given below:
• Normal: The normal margin setup leaves 1 inch on all sides of the page in MS Word.
• Narrow: If the document consists of multi-columns, then the narrow margin helps to set the margins properly.
• Moderate: The moderate margin setup leaves three-quarter inches from both the left and right ends of the page in MS Word.
• Wide: The wide margin occupies more space while proofing a manuscript or other document.

Thus the correct answer is Framed.

Additional Information

• The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
• Microsoft word is recognised as a word processing software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
• The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes etc.
• It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
• In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
• The file extension used in MS Word is .doc or .docx.

The correct answer is Review.

Key Points

• Design: The design tab helps to apply the theme to the content in MS Word 2007. It helps to format the text automatically. It has other sub-tabs like page colour 
  

<br>

• Page Layout: If the user wishes to change the page setup and orientation then the user needs to click on page layout.
  

<br>

• Review: The review tab in the menu bar of Microsoft Word 2007 provides the facility to proofread, comment, make changes and compare Word documents.
  

<br>

• References: The references tab in the menu bar of Microsoft Word 2007 provides the facility to create a table of content, footnote and so on.
  

Thus the correct answer is Review.

Additional Information

• The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
• Microsoft word is recognised as a word processing software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
• The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes etc.
• It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
• In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
• The file extension used in MS Word is .doc or .docx.

The correct answer is Workbooks.

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Key Points

• MS Excel, a spreadsheet program, is widely used for varied functions, as a result, the info is simple to avoid wasting time, and data is accessible and removed with zero discomforts and less labour.
• PDF: The full form of the PDF is Portable Document File. PDF is recognised as a file format developed by Adobe in the year 1992.
• Worksheet: The worksheet is referred to as the working area of MS Excel. It is also named a spreadsheet. The worksheet in MS Excel is filled with cells. In the worksheet, the user can perform mathematical calculations, store data and so on.
• Workbook: After storing the data in MS Excel, the user saves the file with a proper name. This file is referred to as a workbook. The workbook can hold at least one or many worksheets.

​Thus the correct answer is Workbook.

 Additional Information

• Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program, MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer and therefore the chance of losing them is much lesser as compared to information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.
  

The correct answer is Windows 10.

Key Points

• Windows 10 was the updated version of the Windows 8.1 operating system, developed by Microsoft.
• Windows 10 was released on 15th July 2015 and went for retailing on 29th July 2015.
• Windows 10 is using 32-bit processor and also works with BIOS firmware.
• Windows 10 was the latest version of the Windows operating system, for the period up to May 2019.

Thus the correct answer is Windows 10.

Additional Information

• Microsoft first introduced its first GUI (Graphical User Interface) based operating system, named Microsoft Windows in the year 1983.
• Microsoft Windows can perform all the tasks just like an operating system does. It can execute multiple instructions at a time.
• It also made communication between the hardware and software.

The correct answer is Hyperlink.

Key Points

• Hyperlink: The HTML links are referred to as a hyperlink. When a link, image or icon on a web page is associated with another web page then it is called a hyperlink. By clicking on the hyperlinks, the user can jump to another page or web page. There are three types of hyperlinks. Text hyperlink, image hyperlink and bookmark.

Thus the correct answer is Hyperlink.

Additional Information

• URL: The full form of the URL is Uniform Resource Locator. A Uniform Resource Locator could be a variety of uniform resource symbols and is the address of a resource on the World Wide Web; the protocol won’t access it. It is to indicate the placement of an Internet resource to access the web pages.
• Add-ons and Plug-ins are web browser-based programs. These are integrated into the web browser.

The correct answer is SMTP.

Key Points

• FTP: The full form of FTP is File Transfer Protocol. It is mainly responsible for transferring files from one host to another. It is provided by the TCP/IP and is mainly used in web pages. It also helps to download the files to the client's computer from the server's computer.
• HTTP: The full form of HTTP is HyperText Transfer Protocol. The main job of HTTP is to build communication between the client and server.
• SMTP: The full form of SMTP is a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The main job of SMTP protocols is to handle the exchange of messages between e-mail servers over a TCP/ IP network.
• TELNET: The TELNET is recognised as a network computer. The main job of TELNET is to provide proper communication which is usually text-based.

 Thus the correct answer is SMTP.

Additional Information

• The full form of the OSI model is Open System Interconnection. The OSI model was developed by ISO in the year 1984. The computer system follows this architecture for transmitting the data over the network or device to the device. A brief description of the seven layers of the OSI model is given below.

• Physical layer: The very first layer of the OSI model which builds the physical connection between the device. The information is divided into small bits and then transfer from one device to another.

• Data link layer: This layer is the second layer of the OSI model. Here, data is transferred from node to node.

• Network layer: This layer is the third layer of the OSI model. It transfers the data frame from one host of a network to another host of another network.

• Transport layer: This layer is the fourth layer of the OSI model. This layer uses TCP\IP and UDP protocols for transmitting the data.

• Session Layer: Manages sessions or connections between applications. Controls dialogues between computers, establishing, managing, and terminating connections.

• Presentation layer: This layer is the sixth layer of the OSI model. It ensures that the data encryption has been done properly.

• Application layer: This layer is the seventh layer of the OSI model. In this layer, humans can interact with the system through different applications and are also able to connect with the network.

The correct answer is Virtual Private Network.

Key Points

• Wide Area Network (WAN): In Wide Area Network, all the computers are connected throughout the world. A good example of WAN technology is the Internet.
• Enterprise Private Network (EPN): The Enterprise Private Network is a very secure networking system and is mostly used in businesses.
• Local Area Network (LAN): In the Local Area Network, computers are connected through a common line. In this network system, the range of the area is limited. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most important technologies used in LAN. The LAN can be used in the home, school, library, etc.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN): In the Virtual Private Network, computers are acted as an extended private network. VPN users can send and receive the data like private network users, even though they are not connected to any private network.

 Thus the correct answer is Virtual Private Network.

Additional Information

• Many computers are connected through a communication path which is known as a computer network. The main job of the network is to share information or resources between the computers in a network. The different uses of computer networks are given below:
• Users can communicate with each other using instant messages, files, emails, videos, etc.
• Networking helps to connect devices such as printers, scanners, etc.
• Networking helps users to access information easily.

The correct answer is the dialogue box.

Key Points

• Menu bar:  A menu bar may be a graphical management component that contains drop-down menus. The menu bar's purpose is to provide a standard housing for window- or application-specific menus which offer access to such functions as gap files, interacting with the associate application, or displaying facilitate documentation or manuals.
  

<br>

• Drop-down list: The drop-down list holds multiples of data in a list manner. The drop-down list can also be referred to as a graphical control program. The user can choose the desired data, by clicking on the list.
  

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• Option box: In the option box, the user can select the desired options provided in that box. The option box may contain radio buttons and checkboxes.
  

<br>

• Dialogue box: A dialogue box is a secondary window that allows users to perform a command, asks users a question or provides users with information.
  

<br>

Thus the correct answer is the dialogue box.

The correct answer is 2015.

Key Points

• Windows 10 was the updated version of the Windows 8.1 operating system, developed by Microsoft.
• Windows 10 was released on 15th July 2015 and went for retailing on 29th July 2015.
• Windows 10 is using 32-bit processor and also works with BIOS firmware.

Thus the correct answer is 2015.

Additional Information

• Microsoft first introduced its first GUI (Graphical User Interface) based operating system, named Microsoft Windows in the year 1983.
• Microsoft Windows can perform all the tasks just like an operating system does. It can execute multiple instructions at a time.
• It also made communication between the hardware and software.

The correct answer is Right-click on the cell and selects ‘remove’.

Key Points

• The valid way to delete the content of a cell in Microsoft Excel are given below:
• Right-click on the cell and select ‘clear contents' or delete.
• A user can select the cell and press the Delete key.
• A user can Select the cell and press the Backspace key.
• But there is no such option as right-clicking on the cell and selecting ‘remove’.
  

 

The correct answer is Right-click on the cell and selects ‘remove’.

 Additional Information

• MS Excel, a spreadsheet program, is widely used for varied functions, as a result, the info is simple to avoid wasting time, and data is accessible and removed with zero discomforts and less labour. Given below area unit some necessary advantages of exploitation MS Excel:
• Easy To Store Data: Since there's no limit to the number of data that may be saved in an exceeding program, MS Excel is widely accustomed to saving or analysing information. Filtering info in stand out is simple and convenient.
• Easy To Recover Data: If the data is written on a bit of paper, finding it should take longer, however, this is often not the case with Excel spreadsheets. Finding convalescent information is simple.
• Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become more accessible and less time-taking with the formulas possibility in MS Excel.
• More Secure: These spreadsheets are countersigned and secured in an exceedingly portable computer or laptop computer and therefore the chance of losing them is much lesser as compared to information written in registers or pieces of paper.
• Data at One Place: Earlier, information was to be unbroken in several files and registers once the work was done. Now, this has become convenient as over one worksheet is accessible in an exceedingly single MS Excel file.
• Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: Once the info is saved within the type of a table, analysing it becomes easier. Thus, info may be a program that's a lot of legible and comprehensible.

The correct answer is the Right to Seek Labour.

Key Points 

• The right to Seek Labor is not a fundamental right, but it comes in the Indian Labour Law.
• Article 41 is in DPSP to secure the rights of workers.
• These include the right to work of one's choice, the right against discrimination, the prohibition of child labor, just and humane conditions of work, social security, protection of wages, redress of grievances, right to organize and form trade unions, collective bargaining, and participation in management.

Fundamental Right

• Articles 12 to 35 in part -III of the Indian constitution are fundamental rights.
• Fundamental rights are not absolute, in other words, these rights can be suspended under special circumstances (except Articles 20 and 21).
• The Fundamental Rights are taken from the American Bill of Rights.
• Their violation can be taken to court to be enforced i.e. they are judicial.
• Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to protect the fundamental rights
• The right to property which was a fundamental right was removed by the 44th Constitutional Amendment (1976)

Additional Information Right to Constitutional Remedy

• There is a right in India that states that a person can move to the Supreme court if he/she wants to get their fundamental rights protected.
• This right comes under article 32 for the Supreme court and article 226 for the high court.
• It is known as the right to constitutional remedies.
• There are 5 Constitutional Remedies given by the Indian Constitution Habeas Corpus, Certiorari, Prohibition, Mandamus, and Quo Warranto.

 Right to Liberty

• According to Article 21: “Protection of Life and Personal Liberty: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.”
• This fundamental right is available to every person, citizens and foreigners alike.

 Right Against Exploitation

• Article 23 of the Indian Constitution prohibits human trafficking and begar (forced labor without payment) to protect the millions of underprivileged and deprived people in the country.
• The right is available to citizens of India as well as to non-citizens.
• The right provides against human trafficking in the form of:
• Selling and buying of men**, women, and children,** Prostitution, Devadasis, and Slavery.
• Prohibition of Child Labour: Article 24 of the Indian Constitution forbids the employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like factories and mines

Symbol table;

Now let's take important information from question;

1. J is the husband of G.

2. F is the brother of G.

3) F is the son of D.

4. D is the wife of Z.

5. S is the mother of Z.

Here we can see J is 'Brother-in-law' of F.

Hence, the correct answer is "Brother-in-law".

Positional value of alphabets;

LOGIC : THE CODE WORD IS SUM OF ALL ALPHABETS POSITIONAL VALUE OF GIVEN WORD.

Let's use this logic;

PENCIL : 59 →

Similarly;

ERASER : ? →

Hence, the correct answer is "66".

Given:

Goat : Mimiaht :: Bee : ?

As per the given information:

In Goat : Mimiaht → the sound of goat is called mimiaht.

Similarly,

In Bee : ? → the sound of bee is called Buzzing.

Here, **'**Bee : Buzzing' is correct as per the given information.

Hence, the correct answer is "Buzzing".

The correct answer is Dispur.

Key Points 

• Dispur is the administrative capital of Assam and is a suburb of Guwahati.
• It became the capital in 1973, when Shillong the erstwhile capital, became the capital of the state of Meghalaya that was carved out of Assam.
• Dispur is the seat of power of the Government of Assam.
• The Assam Secretariat (Janata Bhawan) building is located in Dispur along with the Assam Legislative Assembly House (total of 126 Members ), MLA Hostels, and the State Emergency Operations Centre.
• The Bhorolu river flows through the heart of the Dispur
• Basistha Ashram is six kilometers from Dispur.
• It is popular for the Lord Shiva temple.
• Prof. Jagadish Mukhi is the governor of Assam and Himanta Biswa Sarma is the Chief Minister of Assam (As of November 2022)

Additional Information Dhubri

• Dhubri is an old town and headquarters of Dhubri district in the Indian state of Assam.
• It is an old town on the bank of the Brahmaputra river, with historical significance.
• Mahamaya Dham and shakti pith Snan Ghat, Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary, Florican Garden, and Netai Dhubuni Park are some famous places in Dhubri

Shillong

• Shillong is a hill station in the northeastern part of India and the capital of Meghalaya.
• It is said that the rolling hills around the town reminded the British of Scotland
• Elephant Falls, Ka Phan Nonglait Park, Ward's Lake, Nokrek National Park, Balpakram National Park, and Siju Bird Sanctuary are some famous places in Meghalaya.

Jorhat

• Jorhat is one of the important cities and a growing urban center in the state of Assam
• Tea Research Institute is situated in Jorhat

The correct answer is Journalism.

Key Points

• The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature, and musical composition within the United States.
• It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, and is administered by Columbia University.
• Prizes are awarded annually in twenty-one categories.
• In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award (raised from $10,000 in 2017)

Additional Information 2022 Pulitzer Prizes:- 

The correct answer is Article 21A.

Key Points

• The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21-A
• The Constitution of India provides free and compulsory education for all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a manner as the State may, by law, determine.
• Articles 12 to 35 in part -III of the Indian constitution are fundamental rights.
• The concept of Fundamental Rights is inspired by the Bill of Rights provided in the US Constitution.
• Fundamental rights are not absolute, in other words, these rights can be suspended under special circumstances (except Articles 20 and 21).

Additional Information Article 19

• Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc
• All citizens shall have the right
• (a) to freedom of speech and expression;
• (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;
• (c) to form associations or unions;
• (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;
• (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and
• (f) Right to property omitted in 44th Amendment 1978.
• (g) to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business

 Article 39A

• That the citizens, men, and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood.
• The article was inserted by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976.

 Article 43B

• The State shall endeavor to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of co-operative societies."
• The article was inserted by the Constitution 97th Amendment act, of 2011

The correct answer is Fiscal deficit.

Key Points

• The difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government is termed a fiscal deficit.
• It is an indication of the total borrowings needed by the government.
• While calculating the total revenue, borrowings are not included.
• Fiscal Deficit = Total expenditure - Total receipts

Additional Information Fiscal debt

• Debt is any money that is owed to someone else while the term deficit refers to a situation where expenses exceed revenues or liabilities exceed assets.
• This difference is filled by government borrowings.

 Gross Domestic Product

• Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard measure of the value added created through the production of goods and services in a country during a certain period.
• As such, it also measures the income earned from that production or the total amount spent on final goods and services (fewer imports).
• GDP = private consumption + gross private investment + government investment + government spending + (exports – imports).

 Revenue Loss

• Revenue loss occurs when a business earns less revenue than planned from operations due to external and internal variables.
• A significant capital loss might result from client churn, company limitations, and market shifts.

Unjumble the jumbled words;

1) GONMAE →MANGO → But E is Extra

2) NABANAN → BANANA → But one N is Extra in the Letters.

3) HAPEC → PEACH → Fruit 

4) VAUEAGU → GUAVA → U and E are extra

Hence, the correct answer is "HAPEC".

Here, we are using the table given below:

The logic followed in the given code is:

Similarly,

Here, 'MONPCE' is coded as NOD as per logic.

Here, the correct answer is "NOD".

The correct answer is Bengaluru: Rajiv Gandhi International Airport.

Key Points

• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is situated in Hyderabad Telangana.
• Kempegowda International Airport is situated in Bengaluru Karnataka
• The Airports Authority of India, or AAI, is a Miniratna Category-1 Public Sector Undertaking, under the ownership of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India.
• It is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining, and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India.
• There are seventeen international airports in India as on November 2022

In News 

• The Centre has so far privatized six airports, with Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Guwahati, Thiruvananthapuram, Jaipur, and Mangaluru being leased out to Adani Enterprises for 50 years.
• Delhi Airport Becomes India's First to Run Solely on Hydro & Solar Power. (June 2022)
• Kerala's Cochin International Airport Ltd (CIAL) is the first airport in the world that would be running fully on solar power. (2021)
• Indra Gandhi International Airport was awarded 'the best and 'the cleanest' airport in India/South Asia, and Rajiv Gandhi International Airport bagged the title of the 'Best Airport Staff in India & South Asia' (in 2022).
• Some Important Airports Name changes recently:-

Given:

Meghalaya : Shillong :: Sikkim : ?

As per the given information:

In Meghalaya : Shillong → Shillong is capital of meghalaya.

Similarly,

In Sikkim : ? → Gangtok is capital of Sikkim.

Here, 'Sikkim : Gangtok' is correct as per the given information.

Hence, the correct answer is "Gangtok".

The correct answer is Harappa.

Key Points

• Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan
• Harappa was the first site of the Indus Valley Civilization which was excavated by Dayaram Sahni in 1921.
• Harappa was situated on the banks of the river Ravi.
• Most sites of Harappan culture were discovered in Gujarat after the independence.
• During the excavation, many similar things have been found from Harappa, which can be linked to Hinduism.
• An idol of a priest, bull, Nandi, mother goddess, bullock cart, and Shivling.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Mahabharata.

Key Points

• The Mahabharata is one of the major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, Written by Veda Vyasa.
• It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes and their successors.
• It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as discussing the four "goals of life" or Purusatha.
• Principal works and stories in the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Sir Vidyadhar Surajprasad Naipaul.

Key Points

• Sir Vidyadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (V.S. Naipaul) is a Trinidadian writer of Indian descent known for his pessimistic novels set in developing countries.
• Naipaul won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001.

 Nobel Prize:-

• The Nobel Prizes are five prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind."
• Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite.
• Nobel Prize for Economics started in 1967.

Nobel Laureate Indian/Person of Indian Origin:- 

Important Points Nobel Prize Winner 2022:- 

Position values of the letters according to the English alphabet series,

The logic followed here is,

R + 4 → V

K - 3 → H

P + 3 → S

Similarly,

U + 4 → Y

J - 3 → G

M + 3 → P

So, UJM : ? → UJM : YGP

Hence, the  correct answer is "YGP".

As per the given information:

From all the above options:

1. Guru Nanak → Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of ten Sikh gurus. 2. Bible → The bible is a collection of religious texts or sacred scriptures of Christianity. 3. Quran → The Quran is a collection of religious texts or sacred scriptures of Islam. 4. Ramayana → The Ramayana is a collection of lord ram's religious texts or sacred scriptures.

Here, Guru Nanak is different from other options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Guru Nanak"

The correct answer is ICICI: Industrial Credit and International Corporation of India Limited.

Key Points

• ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) Bank Limited is an Indian Private bank.
• It is headquartered in Mumbai.
• It offers a wide range of banking products and financial services for corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and specialized subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life, and non-life insurance, venture capital, and asset management.

Additional Information 

In 343 ∶ 6

6 + 1 = 7

7³ = 343

Similarly;

7 + 1 = 8

8³ = 512

Hence, the correct answer is 512 ∶ 7

Logic:

The pattern followed here is:

The sum of consecutive even numbers at every next step.

Here, the following term would be "42".

Hence, the correct answer is "42".

सही उत्तर है - ‘असत्य’।

• ‘प्रेमचंद हिंदी के सुप्रसिद्ध कवि हैं’ यह कथन असत्य है।
• प्रेमचंद हिन्दी और उर्दू के सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय उपन्यासकार, कहानीकार एवं विचारक थे।

Additional Information

• धनपत राय श्रीवास्तव जो प्रेमचंद नाम से जाने जाते हैं।
• उन्होंने सेवासदन, प्रेमाश्रम, रंगभूमि, निर्मला, गबन, कर्मभूमि, गोदान आदि लगभग डेढ़ दर्जन उपन्यास तथा कफन, पूस की रात, पंच
  

परमेश्वर, बड़े घर की बेटी, बूढ़ी काकी, दो बैलों की कथा आदि तीन सौ से अधिक कहानियाँ लिखीं।

सही उत्तर है - ‘सामिष’।

• जो माँस खाता है - सामिष।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• हिंसाचारी :  हिंसा करने वाला।
• सर्वभक्षी : सब कुछ भक्षण करने या खाने वाला।
• निरामिष : मांस न खानेवाला।

Additional Information

• जब किसी वाक्य में प्रयुक्त या स्वतन्त्र, किसी वाक्यांश के लिए किसी एक शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है,
  

जो उस वाक्यांश के अर्थ को पूरी तरह सिद्ध करता हो तो उसे वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहते हैं, अर्थात

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द :-

• इतिहास का ज्ञाता - इतिहासज्ञ
• एक सप्ताह में होने वाला-  साप्ताहिक
• जो नियंत्रण में नहीं हो - अनियंत्रित।

सही उत्तर है - ‘उन्नीसवीं’।

• हिंदी खड़ी बोली गद्य का आविर्भाव उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी में हुआ।
• इस विकास में कोलकाता के फोर्ट विलियम कॉलेज की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका रही।

Key Points

• ठेठ या शुद्ध हिन्दी का चलन नहीं था। लगभग 18वीं शताब्दी के आरम्भ के समय कुछ हिन्दी गद्यकारों ने ठेठ हिन्दी बोली में लिखना शुरू किया।
• इसी ठेठ हिन्दी को 'खरी हिन्दी' या 'खड़ी हिन्दी' कहा गया।
• शुद्ध अथवा ठेठ हिन्दी बोली या भाषा को उस समय साहित्यकारों द्वारा खरी या खड़ी बोली के नाम से सम्बोधित किया गया था।

Important Points

• खड़ी बोली के क्षेत्र: खड़ी बोली निम्न लिखित स्थानों के ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में बोली जाती है- मेरठ, बिजनौर, मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर, सहारनपुर, देहरादून के मैदानी भाग, अम्बाला, कलसिया और पटियाला के पूर्वी भाग, रामपुर और मुरादाबाद।

सही उत्तर है - ‘बड़े भाई साहब’।

• ‘बड़े भाई साहब’ कहानी प्रेमचंद की है।

Key Points

• ‘बड़े भाई साहब’ कहानी जो सन् 1936 में लिखी गई पर आज भी उतनी ही प्रासंगिक है।
• ‘पढ़ोगे लिखोगे बनोगे नवाब, खेलोगे कूदोगे बनोगे ख़राब’ सहित रट्टामार, कठोर अनुशासन और सुंदर लिखावट के मिथक को तोड़, खेल के महत्त्व को रेखांकित करती है।

अन्य विकल्प:

• शरणदाता नामक कहानी के लेखक : सच्चिदानंद हीरानंद वात्स्यायन
• परिंदे नामक कहानी के लेखक : निर्मल वर्मा
• कोसी का घटवार नामक कहानी के लेखक : शेखर जोशी

सही उत्तर है - ‘सही’।

• ‘आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल हिंदी के आलोचक हैं’, यह कथन सही है।

Key Points

• हिन्दी में रामचन्द्र शुक्ल को सर्वश्रेष्ठ आलोचक माना जाता है।
• हिन्दी में पाठ आधारित वैज्ञानिक आलोचना का सूत्रपात भी उन्हीं के द्वारा हुआ।

Additional Informationहिन्दी के प्रमुख आलोचक

• रामचन्द्र शुक्ल
• नन्ददुलारे वाजपेई
• हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी
• रामविलास शर्मा
• डाॅ. नगेन्द्र प्रमुख आलोचक
• डाॅ. नामवर सिंह

सही उत्तर है - ‘सरस्वती’।

• आचार्य महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी हिंदी की सरस्वती प्रसिद्ध पत्रिका के संपादक थे।
• आचार्य महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी ने सरस्वती प्रसिद्ध पत्रिका का संपादन  जनवरी 1903 से दिसंबर 1920 तक किया।

Key Points अन्य विकल्प:

• माधुरी पत्रिका: 
• इसके संपादक विष्णुनारायण भार्गव थे। प्रारम्भ में कई वर्ष तक इसके संपादक दुलारेलाल भार्गव और रूपनारायण पाण्डेय थे।
• बाद में प्रेमचन्द और कृष्णबिहारी मिश्र ने इसका संपादन किया।.
• दैनिक जागरण:​
• ​संजय गुप्ता दैनिक जागरण के मुख्य संपादक और जागरण समूह के सीईओ के साथ-साथ कंपनी में निदेशक भी हैं।
• हंस:
• हंस का प्रकाशन सन् 1930 ई० में बनारस से प्रारम्भ हुआ था। इसके सम्पादक मुंशी प्रेमचन्द थे।
• प्रेमचन्द के सम्पादकत्व में यह पत्रिका हिन्दी की प्रगति में अत्यन्त सहायक सिद्ध हुई।

Important Points

सही उत्तर है - ‘कबीर’।

• ‘पोथी पढ़ि-पढ़ि जग मुआ पंडित भया न कोय' काव्य - पंक्ति कबीर की है।

Key Pointsपोथी पढ़ि पढ़ि जग मुआ, पंडित भया न कोय।

ढाई आखर प्रेम का, पढ़े सो पंडित होय।।

व्याख्या : 

• बड़ी बड़ी पुस्तकें पढ़ कर संसार में कितने ही लोग मृत्यु के द्वार पहुँच गए, पर सभी विद्वान न हो सके।
  

कबीर मानते हैं कि यदि कोई प्रेम या प्यार के केवल ढाई अक्षर ही अच्छी तरह पढ़ ले, अर्थात

प्यार का वास्तविक रूप पहचान ले तो वही सच्चा ज्ञानी होगा।​

Additional Information

• कबीर साहेब या कबीर परमेश्वर 15वीं सदी के भारतीय रहस्यवादी कवि और संत थे।​
• वे हिन्दी साहित्य के भक्तिकालीन युग में परमेश्वर की भक्ति के लिए एक महान प्रवर्तक के रूप में उभरे।
• इनकी रचनाओं ने हिन्दी प्रदेश के भक्ति आंदोलन को गहरे स्तर तक प्रभावित किया।

Important Points

• गुरु गोविंद दोउ खड़े, काके लागूं पांय
• बलिहारी गुरु आपनो, गोविंद दियो बताय।
• पोथी पढ़ि पढ़ि जग मुआ, पंडित भया न कोय,
• ढाई आखर प्रेम का, पढ़े सो पंडित होय।
• माला फेरत जुग भया, फिरा न मन का फेर,
• कर का मनका डार दे, मन का मनका फेर।
• जाति न पूछो साधु की, पूछ लीजिये ज्ञान,
• मोल करो तरवार का, पड़ा रहन दो म्यान
• माया मुई न मन मुआ, मरी मरी गया सरीर.
• आसा त्रिसना न मुई, यों कही गए कबीर .

सही उत्तर है - ‘जयशंकर प्रसाद’।

• चर्चित कहानी 'आकाशदीप' के लेखक जयशंकर प्रसाद हैं।
• जयशंकर प्रसाद कवि, नाटककार, कहानीकार, उपन्यासकार तथा निबन्ध लेखक थे।

Key Points

• आकाशदीप जयशंकर प्रसाद का तीसरा कहानी संग्रह है, जिसका प्रकाशन सन् 1929 ई॰ में भारती भंडार, इलाहाबाद से हुआ था।
• इसमें संकलित कहानियों की कुल संख्या उन्नीस है।

Additional Information

• जयशंकर प्रसाद कवि, नाटककार, कहानीकार, उपन्यासकार तथा निबन्ध-लेखक थे।
• वे हिन्दी के छायावादी युग के चार प्रमुख स्तंभों में से एक हैं।
• उन्होंने हिन्दी काव्य में एक तरह से छायावाद की स्थापना की जिसके द्वारा खड़ीबोली के काव्य में न केवल कमनीय माधुर्य की रससिद्ध धारा प्रवाहित हुई,
  

​बल्कि जीवन के सूक्ष्म एवं व्यापक आयामों के चित्रण की शक्ति भी संचित हुई और कामायनी तक पहुँचकर वह काव्य प्रेरक शक्तिकाव्य के रूप में भी प्रतिष्ठित हो गया।

Important Points

 जयशंकर प्रसाद की महत्वपूर्ण कहानियां:

• ​कहानी के क्षेत्र में प्रसादजी के पाँच कथा-संग्रह प्रकाशित हुए-'छाया', 'प्रतिध्वनि', 'आकाशदीप', 'आँधी' तथा 'इंद्रजाल'।
• इन पाँचों कहानी संग्रहों में प���रसादजी की कुल 70 कहानियाँ प्रकाशित हईं।
• इन कहानियों में मानव-जीवन के प्रत्येक पहलू को प्रदर्शित किया गया है।​

सही उत्तर है - ‘दोष मढ़ना’।

• ‘कलंकारोपण’ का क्या अर्थ दोष मढ़ना है अर्थात आरोपित करना।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• दोस्त बनाना अर्थात किसी व्यक्ति से मित्रता करना।
• वृक्षारोपण या पौधरोपण  : छोटे पौधों को एक स्थान से खोदकर दूसरे स्थान पर लगाने की प्रक्रिया को वृक्षारोपण कहते हैं तथा इसी प्रकार बीज रोप का नया पौधा पोधा लगाना पौधरोपण कहलाता है।

सही उत्तर है - “यूनान गहरे आर्थिक संकट से घिरा हुआ है”।

• यूनान गहरे आर्थिक संकट से घिरा हुआ है। वाक्य व्याकरण की दृष्टि से अशुद्ध है।
• शुद्ध वाक्य: यूनान गहरे आर्थिक संकट से जूझ रहा है।
• अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं  है। क्योंकि उन वाक्यों में कोई त्रुटि नहीं है।

Key Points

• वाक्य भाषा की अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण इकाई है।
  

इसलिए लिखने या बोलने के समय यह ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि वह स्पष्ट और व्याकरणिक दृष्टि से शुद्ध हो।

वाक्यों के विभिन्न अंग यथास्थान होने चाहिए।

सही उत्तर है - ‘श्लेष’।

• ‘रहिमन पानी राखिए, बिन पानी सब सून। पानी गए न ऊबरै, मोती मानुष चून' में श्लेष अलंकार है।
• इस दोहे में पानी शब्द का प्रयोग तीन अर्थों में किया गया है।
• मनुष्य के सन्दर्भ में आत्मसम्मान, मोती के सन्दर्भ में चमक या कान्ति, चुने के सन्दर्भ में सूखना।
• अतः यहाँ श्लेष अलंकार है।

Key Points

• श्लेष अलंकार :
• ​जब किसी शब्द का प्रयोग एक बार ही किया जाता है पर उसके एक से अधिक अर्थ निकलते हैं तब श्लेष अलंकार होता है।
• **उदाहरण :**चरण धरत चिंता करत, चितवत चारहु ओर।
  

सुबरन को खोजत फिरत, कवि, व्यभिचारी, चोर।

• यहाँ सुबरन का प्रयोग एक बार किया गया है, किन्तु पंक्ति में प्रयुक्त सुबरन शब्द के तीन अर्थ हैं; कवि के सन्दर्भ में सुबरन का अर्थ अच्छे शब्द,
  

व्यभिचारी के सन्दर्भ में सुबरन अर्थ सुन्दर वर, चोर के सन्दर्भ में सुबरन का अर्थ सोना है।

अन्य विकल्प:

• यमक अलंकार :
• ​जिस काव्य में समान शब्द के अलग-अलग अर्थों में आवृत्ति हो, वहाँ यमक अलंकार होता है।
• उदाहरण : कनक कनक ते सौगुनी मादकता अधिकाय।
  

​या खाए बौरात नर या पाए बौराय।।

• ​इस पद्य में ‘कनक’ शब्द का प्रयोग दो बार हुआ है। प्रथम कनक का अर्थ ‘सोना’ और दूसरे कनक का अर्थ धतूरा है।
  

अतः; ‘कनक’ शब्द का दो बार प्रयोग और भिन्नार्थ के कारण उक्त पंक्तियों में यमक अलंकार की छटा दिखती है

• अनुप्रास अलंकार :
• ​जब किसी काव्य को सुंदर बनाने के लिए किसी वर्ण की बार-बार आवृति हो तो वह अनुप्रास अलंकार कहलाता है।
• उदाहरण : मधुर मधुर मुस्कान मनोहर, मनुज वेश का उजियाला।
• यहाँ काव्य को सुंदर बनाने के लिए ‘म’ वर्ण की बार-बार आवृति हो रही है।
• उपमा अलंकार : 
• किसी प्रस्तुत वस्तु की उसके किसी विशेष गुण, क्रिया, स्वभाव आदि की समानता के आधार पर अन्य अप्रस्तुत से समानता स्थापित की जाए तो उपमा अलंकार होगा।
• उदाहरण : हरि पद कोमल कमल से।
• यहाँ हरि (भगवान) के पैरों को कमल के समान कोमल बताया गया है।

सही उत्तर है - ‘कैफी आजमी’।

• ‘कर चले हम फिदा जानो-तन साथियो' काव्य-पंक्ति के लेखक का नाम कैफी आजमी है।

Key Points

• कैफ़ी आजमी जी ने प्रस्तुत कविता को चीन और भारत के बीच युद्ध के समय बनी फिल्म ‘हकीक़त’ के लिए लिखा था।
• इस कविता का उद्देश्य भारतीय नौजवानों में देशभक्ति की ऊर्जा का संचार करना था। उस समय युद्ध के दौरान बहुत से जवान शहीद हो रहे थे।
• ऐसे में हर जगह मायूसी ही छाई थी। कवि इस गीत को लिख कर नौजवानों के अंदर ऊर्जा फूंकना चाहते थे, जिससे कि वो देशभक्ति की भावना से भरकर हँसते-हँसते अपना बलिदान कर सकें।
• इस कविता से हमें उस समय युद्ध-भूमि में अपने प्राणों की बाजी लगा रहे जवानों की मनोस्थिति का पता चलता है।

सही उत्तर है - ‘एकता’।

• एकता भाववाचक संज्ञा का उदाहरण है।
• यहाँ एकता (एक होने) का भाव उत्पन्न हो रहा है।

Key Points

• जिस संज्ञा शब्द से पदार्थों की अवस्था, गुण-दोष, भाव या दशा, धर्म आदि का बोध हो उसे भाववाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।
  

जैसे : बुढ़ापा, मिठास, बचपन, मोटापा, चढ़ाई, थकावट आदि।

अन्य विकल्प:

• रेगिस्तान में जातिवाचक संज्ञा है।
• जिस शब्द से एक जाति के सभी प्राणियों अथवा वस्तुओं का बोध हो उसे जातिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।
• भारत में व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा है।
• हिमालय में व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा है।
• जिन शब्दों से किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान अथवा वस्तु के नाम का बोध हो, उसे व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

Additional Information

• संज्ञा : 
• किसी जाति, द्रव्य, गुण, भाव, व्यक्ति, स्थान और क्रिया आदि के नाम को संज्ञा कहते हैं।
• जैसे - पशु (जाति), सुन्दरता (गुण), व्यथा (भाव), मोहन (व्यक्ति), दिल्ली (स्थान), मारना (क्रिया)।

सही उत्तर है - ‘बिहारी’।

• ‘कनक कनक ते सौ गुनी, मादकता अधिकाय’ काव्य - पंक्ति के रचयिता बिहारी हैं।

Key Points

• बिहारी सतसई कवि बिहारी की रचना है, यह  मुक्तक काव्य है, इसमें 713 दोहे संकलित हैं।
• इसमें नीति, भक्ति और शृंगार से संबंधित दोहों का संकलन है।

Additional Informationकनकु कनक तैं सौगुनौ मादकता अधिकाइ। 

उहिं खाऐं बौराइ जग इहिं पाऐं हीं बौराइ॥ 

व्याख्या:

• स्वर्ण और धतूरे दोनों में मादकता होती है। सोने में धतूरे से सौगुनी अधिक मादकता पाई जाती है।
  

स्पष्ट शब्दों में सोना धातु होकर भी मनुष्य को उन्मत्त और पागल बना देता है तभी तो संसार में यह देखा जाता है

की लोग धतूरे को खाकर पागल होते हैं और सोने को प्राप्त करके ही उन्मत्त हो जाते हैं।

जिस वस्तु की प्राप्ति-मात्र से उन्मत्तता बढ़ जाए वह निश्चय ही उस वस्तु की तुलना में अधिक मादक है

जो खाने के पश्चात् मनुष्य की बुद्धि और विवेकशीलता को समाप्त कर देती है।

Important Points

• सतसइया के दोहरा ज्यों न��वक के तीर....
• मेरी भव-बाधा हरौ, राधा नागरि सोई......
• सोहत ओढ़ैं पीतु पटु स्याम, सलौनैं गात.....
• नहिं पराग नहिं मधुर मधु नहिं विकास यहि काल....
• बतरस लालच लाल की मुरली धरी लुकाइ.......
• चिरजीवौ जोरी जुरै, क्यों न सनेह गंभीर......

सही उत्तर है - ‘औरत’।

• औरत शब्द ‘विदेशज' है।
• औरत एक अरबी शब्द है।

Key Points

• आग तद्भव शब्द है और अग्नि तत्सम शब्द है।
• खेत तद्भव शब्द है और क्षेत्र तत्सम शब्द है।
• पगड़ी एक देशज शब्द है।

Additional Information

• विदेशी / विदेशज शब्द:-
• ​विदेशी भाषाओं से हिंदी में आये शब्दों को विदेशी शब्द कहा जाता है।
• इन विदेशी भाषाओं में मुख्यतः अरबी, फारसी, तुर्की, अंग्रेजी व पुर्तगाली शामिल है।
• उदाहरण – औलाद, कसार, कसूर, सरकार, बेगम आदि।
• देशज शब्द:-
• ​​वे शब्द जिनकी उत्पत्ति के मूल का पता न हो परन्तु वे प्रचलन में हों, ऐसे शब्द देशज शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• ये शब्द आम तौर पर क्षेत्रीय भाषा में प्रयोग किये जाते हैं।
• उदाहरण – लोटा, कटोरा, डोंगा, डिबिया, खिचड़ी आदि।

The correct answer is 'My elder brother lives in Delhi'.

Key Points 

• As in the given sentence we are talking about the speaker's elder brother who lives in Delhi.
• We have to start the sentence with the subject about whom we are talking about i.e speaker's elder brother.
• Then the subject is followed by the main verb or the helping verb.
• Then the main verb or the helping verb is followed by the object.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours'.

Key Points   

• The given sentence is in active form of the sentence.
• In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
• Structure of the sentence:- Subject + Main Verb + Object.
• For example:- The ball hit him.
• In order to convert the given sentence into passive form, we have to follow the below-mentioned structure:-
• Passive form of a sentence is a sentence i.e being used when the grammatical subject is the person or thing that experiences the effect of an action, rather than the person or thing that causes the effect.
• Structure of the sentence:- Subject + Helping Verb + V3 + by + the + Object.
• For example:- He was hit by the ball.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that 'The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours' correctly expresses the given active form of the sentence in the passive voice.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'This house was built in 2019'.

Key Points  

• The given sentence is in active form of the sentence.
• In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
• Structure of the sentence:- Subject + Main Verb + Object.
• For example:- He teaches us mathematics.
• In order to convert the given sentence into passive form, we have to follow the below-mentioned structure:-
• Passive form of a sentence is a sentence i.e being used when the grammatical subject is the person or thing that experiences the effect of an action, rather than the person or thing that causes the effect.
• Structure of the sentence:- Subject + Helping Verb + V3 + by + the + Object.
• For example:- We are taught mathematics by him.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that 'This house was built in 2019' correctly expresses the given active form of the sentence in the passive voice.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Poonam asked her brother if he had been reading since morning'.

Key Points      

• The given sentence is in direct speech.
• Direct speech:- The reporting of speech by repeating the actual words of a speaker.
• For example:- ‘I'm going,’ she said.
• We have to convert it into indirect speech.
• Indirect speech:- Indirect speech is speech that tells you what someone said but does not use the person's actual words.
• For example:- 'They said you didn't like it', 'I asked her what her plans were', and ' Citizens complained about the smoke'.
• In order to convert the given direct speech into an indirect speech, we have to follow some of the steps:-
• The reported verb said of a direct speech should be converted into asked in an indirect speech.
• Reported speech written in inverted commas in the given direct speech should be removed while converting it into an indirect speech.
• The pronoun (You) present in the given direct speech should be converted into the pronoun(he) in an indirect speech.
• As the reported speech involved an interrogative sentence i.e a yes/no question, the inverted commas in the given direct speech should be removed while converting it into an indirect speech by adding if to it.
• As the reported verb used in a direct speech indicates that the given sentence is in past tense form, 'have' should be converted into 'had' in an indirect speech.

​​Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'to'.

Key Points  

• To is a preposition.
• It is also used as part of the infinitive (the to-infinitive).
• To as a preposition: destination or direction.
• To as a preposition: receiver of an action.
• For example:-  We're going to Liverpool next week.
• About means on the subject of; concerning.
• Of means expressing the relationship between a part and a whole; expressing the relationship between a scale or measure and a value.
• In means expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else; expressing a period of time during which an event happens or a situation remains the case.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that to should be the appropriate option to be chosen for filling in the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Redden'.

Key Points  

• Verb means a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.
• Red means of a colour at the end of the spectrum next to orange and opposite violet, as of blood, fire, or rubies.
• For example:- Her eyes were red from crying.
• The most appropriate verb form of the word red is redden.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Beggar'.

Key Points   

• Let us explore the given options:-
• Beggar means a person, typically a homeless one, who lives by asking for money or food.
• In option 2, Begger is wrongly spelt as the letter 'e' before 'r' should be replaced by 'a' in order to correct it.
• In option 3, Baggar is wrongly spelt as the letter 'a' after 'B' should be replaced by 'e' in order to correct it.
• In option 4, Bagar is wrongly spelt as the letter 'a' before 'g' should be replaced by 'e' and the letter 'g' should be added just after 'g' in order to correct it.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'can'.

Key Points  

• Can means be able to; be permitted to.
• For example:-  You can go home now.
• Must means be obliged to; should (expressing necessity).
• Will means expressing the future tense.
• Should means used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that can should be the appropriate option to be chosen for filling in the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'She does not look very beautiful on the stage'.

Key Points   

• The given sentence is an affirmative form of the sentence.
• An affirmative sentence, as the name suggests, is a sentence structure that affirms a proposition, a day-to-day action, an idea, a request or a random thought.
• In simpler terms, it can be said that an affirmative sentence is a positive statement.
• In order to transform the given affirmative sentence into the negative one, we have to follow the below structure:-
• A negative sentence is a sentence that states that something is false.
• In English, we create negative sentences by adding the word 'not' after the auxiliary, or helping, verb.
• For example:- He wasn't eating white rice.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that She does not look very beautiful on the stage should be the appropriate option to be chosen as the correct negative form.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'the'.

Key Points    

• In English, there are three articles: a, an, and the.
• Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.
• The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader.
• The indefinite article (a, an) is used before a noun that is general or when its identity is not known.
• There are certain situations in which a noun takes no article which are as follows:
• When non-count nouns are used that refer to items that are not counted and are always singular then no article is used before them.
• No article is used when we are talking about things in a general way not in a specific way.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that the should be the appropriate option to be chosen for filling the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Who'.

Key Points

• Who means what or which person or people.
• For example: Do you know who wrote this novel?
• Whose means belonging to or associated with which person.
• How means in what way or manner; by what means.
• Which means asking for information specifying one or more people or things from a definite set.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that who should be the appropriate option to be chosen for filling the blank.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'I saw someone entering his office'.

Key Points    

• The given sentence is an negative form of the sentence.
• A negative sentence is a sentence that states that something is false.
• In English, we create negative sentences by adding the word 'not' after the auxiliary, or helping, verb.
• For example:- He wasn't playing in the evening.
• In order to transform the given negative sentence into the affirmative one, we have to follow the below structure:-
• An affirmative sentence, as the name suggests, is a sentence structure that affirms a proposition, a day-to-day action, an idea, a request or a random thought.
• In simpler terms, it can be said that an affirmative sentence is a positive statement.
• For example:- He is doing his homework.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that I saw someone entering his office should be the appropriate option to be chosen as the correct affirmative form.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Adventurous'.

Key Points  

• Adjective means a word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical.
• Adventure means an unusual and exciting or daring experience.
• For example:- He loved adventure and to test his powers; he had great self-confidence.
• The most appropriate adjective form of the word adventure is adventurous.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Do'.

Key Points    

• ​As in the given sentence, we are talking about someone and asking him/her that whether he/she likes gardening or not.
• In option 1, have is used, i.e grammatically incorrect as have is followed by V3.
• In option 2, do is used, i.e grammatically correct as do is followed by V1.
• In option 3, was is used i.e again grammatically incorrect as was is followed by V4.
• In option 4, are is used i.e again grammatically incorrect as are is followed by V4.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'known'.

Key Points          

• Known is the the correct form of the verb that should be used in the given blank as have is followed by V3 form of the verb.
• For example:  I have known Tom since I was a little boy.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that known should be the appropriate option to be chosen for filling the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is option 2):(increase)

Concept:

Ferranti Effect:

• The effect in that the receiving end voltage is higher than sending end voltage in the long transmission line.
• It mainly occurs because of a light load or open circuit at the receiving end
• . It is due to the charging current of the line. When an alternating voltage is applied, the current that flows into the capacitor is called the charging current.
• The charging current increases in the line when the receiving end voltage of the line is larger than the sending end.

Method to Minimize Ferrant Effect:

• This voltage can be controlled by placing the shunt reactors at the receiving end of the lines
• A shunt reactor is an inductive current element connected between line and neutral to compensate for the capacitive current from transmission lines.
• When this effect occurs in long transmission lines, shunt reactors compensate the capacitive VAr of the lines and therefore the voltage is regulated within the prescribed limits.

Ferranti on long overhead lines can't be experienced

• when The line heavily loaded.
• The power factor is unity.

The correct answer is option 1):(AND Gate)

Concept:

Logic gates: It is an electric circuit, which works on simple Boolean algebra to perform a logical operation for one or more binary inputs that produce a single binary output.

AND Gate:

If both the inputs are high, it produces a high output.

It  performs the multiplication operation

The Boolean algebra for AND gate is X = A. B

 

The correct answer is option 1): Air friction

Concept:

• A Dynamometer wattmeter is an instrument commonly used for the measurement of DC as well as AC electric power.
• It works on the principle of a dynamometer i.e. a mechanical force acts between two current-carrying conductors
• The electrodynamometer wattmeter has a fixed coil divided into two parts and is connected in series with the load and caries the load current (I₁).
• The moving coil is connected across the load through a series multiplier resistance (R) and carries a current (I₂) proportional to the load voltage.
• The fixed coil is called as Current Coil and the moving coil is called as Potential Coil.
• The controlling torque is provided by two spiral springs.
• Air friction damping is provided in an electrodynamometer wattmeter. A pointer is attached to the moving coil

Concept:

The DC value or the average value of a waveform f(t) is given by the Area under the curve for one complete time period; i.e.,

({f_{DC}} = \frac{1}{T}\mathop \smallint \nolimits_o^T f\left( t \right)dt)

RMS value 'or' the effective value of an alternating quantity is calculated as:

({V_{rms}} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{T}\mathop \smallint \limits_0^T {v^2}\left( t \right)dt} )

For a Square wave 

If V_PK is the peak value then

RMS value = Average value = V_PK

The correct answer is option 4):(Low starting current)

Concept:

Comparison between double squirrel cage motor and round bar cage motor:

• A double cage rotor has a low starting current and high starting torque, therefore, it is more suitable for direct online starting
• Since the effective rotor resistance of a double cage motor is higher, there is larger rotor heating at the time of starting as compared to that of a single cage rotor
• The high resistance of the outer cage increases the resistance of the double cage motor, so full-load copper losses are raised, and efficiency is decreased
• The pull-out torque of double cage motor is smaller than single cage motor
• The cost of a double cage motor is about 20-30% more than that of a single cage motor of the same rating

Additional Information

• The rotor of a double squirrel cage motor has two independent cages on the same rotor. Bars of high resistance and low reactance are placed in the outer cage, and bars of low resistance and high reactance are placed in the inner cage.

The correct answer is option 4):C - Rate

Concept:

• The C-rate is the unit battery experts use to measure the speed at which a battery is fully charged or discharged.
• For example, charging at a C-rate of 1C means that the battery is charged from 0-100% in one hour.
• A C-rate higher than 1C means a faster charge
• For example, a 3C rate is three times faster, so a full charge in 20 minutes. Likewise, a lower C-rate means a slower charge: C/5 (or 0.2C) would be five times slower than 1C, amounting to a five-hour charge.
• It depends on the current density
• The amount of electrical current that goes through the battery is divided by the area of its layers.
• For a given C-rate, the current density will be a function of the loading of the cathode, which is closely related to its thickness.
• Thus, when comparing C-rates, it’s important to ensure the cathode loading is at commercially relevant levels: for EVs, this is typically in the range of 2.5-5 mAh/cm².

The correct answer option 3):(Self-excited generator)

Concept:

• A shunt generator is a type of electric generator in which field winding and armature winding are connected in parallel, and in which the armature supplies both the load current and the field current for the excitation (the generator is therefore self-excited)
• The following conditions must be satisfied for voltage build-up in a self-excited DC generator.
• There must be sufficient residual flux in the field poles.
• The field terminals should be connected in such a way that the field current increases flux in the direction of residual flux.
• The field circuit resistance should be less than the critical field circuit resistance.

Additional Information

​

The correct answer option 1): (Series area tapping method)

Concept:

The speed control method is used in small motors like food mixers, and fans can be done by connecting resistors in series to adjust the input current

The speed is inversely proportional to the armature current.

By Adjusting the input taps the speed can be controlled.

The correct answer is option 3):  Unbalanced coil

Concept:

An unbalanced winding has a combination of a number of poles and the number of slots that do not allow the arrangement of the coil in such a way that they produce a symmetrical system of equally time-phase displaced emf of identical magnitude, frequency, and waveform.

A 6-pole 9-slot winding has 3 winding symmetries and is balanced

A 6-pole 12-slot winding has also 3 winding symmetries but is unbalanced.

The number of slots = Q_s

The number of poles = P

For unbalanced winding:

(\frac{Q_s}{3\cdot GCD\left( Q_s, \frac{p}{2} \right)} \mbox{ is not integer} )

balanced winding:

(\frac{Q_s}{3\cdot GCD\left( Q_s, \frac{p}{2} \right)} \mbox{ is integer} )

The greatest common divisor (GCD) between the number of slots and the number of pole pairs indicates the number of winding symmetries.

The correct answer is option 3): (Weight of personnel/persons working in that area)

Concept:

The key steps in the design process are:

1. Identify the requirements. Measurement of the area where the light is to be provided.Area Requirement Study of Artificial Lighting
2. Determine the method of lighting.
3. Select the lighting equipment.
4. Calculate the lighting parameters and adjust the design as required. Manufacturer Data Sheet of Lamp
5. Determine the control system.
6. Choice of the luminaire.
7. Inspect the installation upon completion.

So option 3 is wrong

The correct answer is option 2):2000 - 3500 hours

Concept:

• A halogen lamp is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed in a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of inert gas and a small amount of a halogen, such as iodine or bromine.
• This allows the filament to operate at a higher temperature than a standard incandescent lamp of similar power and operating life. this also produces light with higher luminous efficacy and color temperature.
• The small size of halogen lamps permits their use in compact optical systems for projectors and illumination.
• Halogen lamps are used in automotive headlamps, under-cabinet lighting, and work lights.
• The life span of a halogen lamp is 2000 - 3500 hours

The correct  answer is option 1): 0.45 A

Concept:

The current I is given by

I = _{(Voltage \over R)}

Calculation:

V = 1.8 V

I = (1.8 \over 4)

= 0.45 A

The correct answer is option 2):( 10 Hz)

Concept:

 The synchronous speed is given by

N_s = (120f\over P)

Where, f is the supply frequency in Hz or C/s

P is the number of poles

The induction motor rotates at a speed (N_r) close but less than the synchronous speed.

Slip of an induction motor is given by,

(s = \frac{{{N_s} - {N_r}}}{{{N_s}}})

Where,

N_s is the synchronous speed and N_r is the rotor speed

Rotor current frequency

(f_r) = (s)(f)

The slip is negative when the rotor speed is more than the synchronous speed of the rotor field and is in the same direction.

Calculation:

Given 

P = 8

f= 50 Hz

s= 0.2

(fr) = (s)(f)

= 0.2 × 50

= 10 Hz

The correct answer is option 3): (Nichrome)

Concept:

• Nichrome, an Alloy of nickel and chromium
• Nickel 80%-20% chromium
• It is highly resistive, Even heating up for small current
• It is incredibly useful as a heating element in commercial products and home tools. Toasters and hair dryers use coils of nichrome wire to create large amounts of heat
• The most common use for tungsten is in light bulb filaments and is also used in aerospace, military equipment, electronics, and nuclear reactors.

The correct answer is option 3):(Potier's method)

Potier triangle method:

• This method depends on the separation of the leakage reactance of the armature and its effects
• It is used to find the synchronous reactance of a synchronous motor
• It is used to obtain the leakage reactance and field current equivalent of the armature reaction.
• It is the most accurate method of voltage regulation. Calculating the regulation requires open circuit characteristics and zero power factor characteristics.

Additional Information

Synchronous impedance method (EMF Method):

• The synchronous impedance method of calculating the voltage regulation of an alternator is otherwise called the EMF method. The synchronous impedance method or the EMF method is based on the concept of replacing the effect of armature reaction with an imaginary reactance.
• This method is not accurate as it gives a result that is higher than the original value.
• That's why it is called the pessimistic method. For calculating the regulation, the synchronous method requires the armature resistance per phase, the open-circuit characteristic, and the short-circuit characteristic.

Armature turn method:

• It is also known as the MMF method.
• It gives a value that is lower than the original value.
• That's why it is called an optimistic method.
• To calculate the voltage regulation by MMF Method, the following information is required. They are as follows:

          The resistance of the stator winding per phase Open circuit characteristics at synchronous speed Field current at rated short circuit current