DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 6 April 2022 Shift 2 ) (Previous Year Paper)

Given equation : 81 ÷ 8 - 9 × 7 + 3

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule as per the order given below:

Decoding the information,

After replacing the sign from left to right, the new equation thus formed :

New Equation :  81 ÷ 9 × 9 × 3 ÷ 3

Calculation :

⇒ 81 ÷ 9 × 9 × 3 ÷ 3

⇒ 9 × 9 × 1

⇒ 81

Hence, the correct answer is "81".

Given :

ATE   ACT   EAR   OPT 

If 'D' is added before and after each word, then we have:

DATED  DACTD   DEARD  DOPTD 

DATED → The word 'DATED' means old-fashioned or something belonging to a time in the past.

DACTD → Not a meaningful word.

DEARD → Not a meaningful word.

DOPTD → Not a meaningful word.

Thus, only one meaningful word can be formed.

Hence, the correct answer "one".

The logic followed here is:

• HQ, BM, GT

​

​​Similarly

• AJ, IT, DQ

​

Thus, HQ, BM, GT share the same relationship as AJ, IT, DQ.

Hence, the correct answer is "AJ, IT, DQ".

Given:

LOCK   READ   LACK   LAME

The second letter of the first word from left:

LOCK   READ   LACK   LAME

The first letter of the second word from left:

LOCK   READ   LACK   LAME

The letters between O and R:

O    P    Q    R

Clearly, there are 'two' letters between O and R.

Hence, the correct answer is "Two".

According to the given information :

• Sumitra is at point X. She is told to travel 8 km southwards from point X and take a right turn and travel for another 2 km. She is told to take another right and travel for 6 km.

​

• Then she turns left and travels for another 5 km and finally, turns right and travels for 2 km to reach point Y.
• Thus, the following diagram can be drawn according to the given information :

Clearly, point Y is '7 km West' from point X.

Hence, the correct answer is "7 km, West".

Given Statement: F < G ≥ H = I >J

Conclusions

I) G ≥ I → TRUE (as F < G ≥ H = I >J gives; G ≥ I  → clear relationship between G and I can be determined)

II) G ≥ J → FALSE (as F < G ≥ H = I >J gives; G > J → thus G ≥ J is not true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only I is true".

Given equation : {(7.89 × 19.76 ÷ 5) + (8.75 - 2.67)} ÷ 2.09 = ?

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule as per the order given below:

Calculation:

Replacing the given values with approximate values,

⇒ {(8 × 20 ÷ 5) + (9 - 3)} ÷  2 = ?

⇒ {(8 × 4) + (9 - 3)} ÷ 2 

⇒ {32 + 6} ÷ 2 

⇒ 38 ÷ 2 

⇒ 19

Hence, the correct answer is "19".

The logic followed here is:

Let (1st number : 2nd number)

[(1st number) × (1st number - 1)] × 10 = (2nd number)

According to above logic:

19 : 3420

⇒ 19 × (19 - 1) = 19 × 18 × 10 = 3420

10 : 900 

⇒ 10 × (10 - 1) = 10 × 9 × 10 = 900

Similarly,

15 : ?

⇒ 15 × (15 - 1) = 15 × 14 × 10 = 2100 = (2nd number)

Hence, the correct answer is "2100".

The logic followed here is:

1. TIGV

2) HQOJ

3. DYWF

4. PMKR

Thus, 'option 2' does not follow the same logic that is being followed by the other options, so it is different from other letter-cluster.

Hence, the correct answer is "HQOJ".

Given Equation : J ≠ W = I > V = F

The logic followed here is :

Option 1) W > V → True (as J ≠ W = I > V = F → W > V)

Option 2) J ≠ F → False (as J ≠ W = I > V = F → J ≠ F)

Option 3) I ≠ J → True (as J ≠ W = I > V = F → I ≠ J)

Option 4) F < W → True (as J ≠ W = I > V = F → F < W)

Therefore, J ≠ F conclusion cannot be said definitely true.

Hence, the correct answer is " J ≠ F".

Given Statement: R < S ≤ U > T, U ≥ V = Q

On combining : R < S ≤ U > T, T < U ≥ V = Q

Conclusions:

I. R ≤ V → FALSE (as R < S ≤ U > T, T < U ≥ V = Q → clear relationship between R and V cannot be determined)

II. T < S → FALSE (as R < S ≤ U > T ; → clear relationship between T and S cannot be determined)

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II is true".

The logic followed here is:

Let (1st number : 2nd number)

(1st number) ÷ 3 = (2nd number)

According to above logic:

Missing term = 252 ÷ 3 = 84

Missing term = 84

Hence, the correct answer is "84".

According to given information :

• Sarita walked 15 km from her home towards the east.
• From there she took a right turn and walked 10 km.
• Then she turned right again and walked 15 km.

The following diagram can be drawn according to given information:

• Clearly, the direction in which Sarita is going now is "west'.

Hence, the correct answer is "West".

By using the following symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

According to the given information :

There are five members in a family A, B, C, D and E. D is the son of A and E. A is the sister of C. B is the father of E.

Therefore, the following family tree can be drawn:

Clearly, B is 'father's father' of D.

Hence, the correct answer is "Father's father".

The logic followed here is :

• PERIOD : PREDOI

Similarly,

• SECOND : ?

Thus, 'SECOND' can be written as 'SCEDNO'.

Hence, the correct answer is "SCEDNO".

The logic followed here is: 

'ANALYSIS' is written as 'ZMZOBHRH' :

Similarly,

'SYNTHESIS' will be written as:

Thus, 'SYNTHESIS' will be written as 'HBMGSVHRH'.

Hence, the correct answer is "HBMGSVHRH".

According to given information :

• Gargi walks 6 m towards the North.
• She takes a left turn and walks 3 m.
• She again takes a left turn and walks 2 m.

​

• Now, she takes a right turn and walks 4 m.
• Then she takes a left turn and walks 4 m.
• She takes a last left turn and walks 2 m.

​The following diagram can be drawn according to the given information:

Clearly, Gargi is '5 m' far from the starting point.

Hence, the correct answer is "5 m".

Given:

In a certain code language,

'S is the mother of T' is represented by 'S @ T',

'S is the husband of T' is represented by 'S $ T',

'S is the sister of T' is represented by 'S # T',

'S is the son of T' is represented by 'S * T',

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree

On checking: Y * V @ W * X

1) Y * V

'Y * V' means 'Y is son of V'.

2) V @ W

'V @ W' means 'V is mother of W';

3) W * X

'W * X' means 'W is son of X'.

• Thus, the following family tree can be drawn:

• Clearly 'X is father of Y'.

Hence, the correct answer is "father".

We have to calculate the approximate value of $\frac{4042.56}{0.08}$

• 4042.56 can be written as $\frac{404256}{100}$
• 0.08 can be written as $\frac{8}{100}$​

So,

Hence, the correct answer is "50532".

According to the given information:

Thus, 'Knowledge' is coded as "pq".

Hence, the correct answer is "pq".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

All figure rotates clockwise direction by 45°.

Final series is:

Hence, ‘Option 3’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The logic is here:

Left-hand side alphabet is taken as next Vowel in right hand side.

Given: XDP : AEU

Similarly,

Option(2): TKF : UOI

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, the correct answer is "E204V".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "ML(121)".

Given:

• All 34 students in a class are standing in a straight line facing north.
• Kamini is 12th from the right end while Poonam is 8th from the left end.

Students between Kamini and Poonam:

=> Students between Kamini and Poonam = Total number of students - (Position of Kamini from the right + Position of Poonam from the left)

=> Students between Kamini and Poonam = 34 - (12 + 8) = 34 - 20 = 14

Hence, "Fourteen​" Students stand between Kamini and Poonam.

The logic is here:

If Mehak is to sit exactly between Kashish and Poorva then the number of children between Kashish and Poorva must be odd.

=> Total number of children = Kashish is from one end + Poorva is from the other end - children between Kashish and Poorva

=> children between Kashish and Poorva = Total number of children – (Kashish is from one end + Poorva is from the other end)

Now check all the options:

• Option (1) 32

=> children between Kashish and Poorva = 32 – (10 + 15) = 32 – 25 = 7 (Odd)

It CAN be the total number of students

• Option (2) 30

=> children between Kashish and Poorva = 30 – (10 + 15) = 30 – 25 = 5 (Odd)

It CAN be the total number of students

• Option (3) 27

=> children between Kashish and Poorva = 27 – (10 + 15) = 27 – 25 = 2 (Even)

It CANNOT be the total number of students.

• Option (4) 28

=> children between Kashish and Poorva = 28 – (10 + 15) = 28 – 25 = 3 (Odd)

It CAN be the total number of students.

Hence, “27” is the correct answer.

Statements:

Some socks are coats.

No coat is a jacket.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

(I) All socks can never be jackets  → True (because some socks are coats and no coats are jackets so definitely all socks can never be jackets)

(II) Some jackets are coats → False (Because statement given no coat is a jacket so some jackets are coats it is not possible)

Hence, “Only conclusion I follows".

Given:

• Five boys Sanjay, John, Rahim, Kabir and Aman are standing in a queue facing towards the North.

1. Only one boy is standing behind Kabir.

2. Sanjay is standing just behind John and just in front of Kabir.

• 3. Aman is at the last position in the queue.

• Only Rahim is left so:

Hence, "Rahim" is standing at the first position in the queue.

The logic followed here is:

Option (1) 

 → In this option 'the arrow' and 'the line with dot' is in opposite direction.

Option (2) 

 → In this option 'the arrow' and 'the line with dot' is in opposite direction.

Option (3) 

→ In this option 'the arrow' and 'the line with dot' is in opposite direction.

Option (4) 

 → In this option 'the arrow' and 'the line with dot' is in same direction.

All options are the same except Option (4).

Hence, “Option (4)” is an odd one.

The logic followed here is,

• Relation between letters of first image and second image,

• Row 1st and 2nd of second image is shifted to row 2nd and 3rd, respectively. And row 3rd is shifted to row 1st.

Now, this process will repeat in third and fourth image. Third image will follow the logic as first image followed.

 → 

And fourth image will follow the logic as second image followed to make the fifth image.

So, the fifth image will be;

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

The pattern followed here is:

• The inside figure and outside figure interchange their positions and dark figure become light.

​

Similarly,

• The inside figure and outside figure interchange their positions and dark figure become light.

Hence, 'Option (3)' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '247' is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

Option (1): DKS : GMT

Option (2): GPY : JRZ

Option (3): FQV : HSW

Option (4): KNJ : NPK

All follow the same pattern, except 'FQV : HSW’.

Hence, “FQV : HSW” is the odd one.

Given:

• In a row, 42 girls are standing facing south.
• Shefali is standing seventeenth from the right.
  

Shefali position from the left:

⇒ Total number of students = Shefali position from right + Shefali position from left - 1

⇒ Shefali position from left = Total number of students - Shefali position from right + 1

⇒ Shefali position from left = 42 - 17 + 1 = 43 - 17 = 26th

Hence, "26th" is Shefali's position from the left.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "U35H".

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

Option (1): LOU-OLE

Option (2): SHI-HSR

Option (3): DHA-WSZ

Option (4): MOU-NLF

All follow the same pattern, except ‘LOU-OLE’.

Hence, “LOU-OLE” is the odd one.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '69' is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents a player who is also a cricketer.

 

The letter representing a player who is also a cricketer = J

Hence, ‘J’ is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents a cricketer who is a musician as well a social worker.

 

The letter representing a cricketer who is a musician as well a social worker = E

Hence, ‘E’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Sublimation.

Key Points

• Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state.
• Heat and pressure are applied to a solid, turning it into a gas through an endothermic reaction without passing through the liquid phase.
• An example is the vaporization of frozen carbon dioxide or dry ice at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature.

Additional Information

• Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
• Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products.
• Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
• Evaporation is a very important part of the water cycle and is how we get precipitation.
• Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components.
• Examples of types of chromatography include ion-exchange, resin, and paper chromatography.

The correct answer is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Key Points

• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), meshwork of fine disk-like tubular membrane vesicles, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
• It functions in many metabolic processes like synthesizing lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids.
• Cells that secrete these products, such as cells of the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands, have an excess of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Additional Information

• The Golgi body is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
• Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
• The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle that contains the genetic material and other instructions required for cellular processes.
• It is exclusively found in eukaryotic cells and is also one of the largest organelles.
• The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function is to make proteins.
• It is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins.

The correct answer is 7 days.

Key Points

• A medium tide or neap tide - seven days after a spring tide - refers to a period of moderate tides when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other.
• In the period between the two spring tides, the moon faces the Earth at a right angle to the sun.
• When this happens, the pull of the sun and the moon are weak.
• This causes tides that are lower than usual.

Additional Information

• Because the Earth rotates through two tidal “bulges” every lunar day, coastal areas experience two high and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes.
• High tides occur 12 hours and 25 minutes apart.
• It takes six hours and 12.5 minutes for the water at the shore to go from high to low, or from low to high.

The correct answer is oxygen.

Key Points

• Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8.
• It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds.
• Oxygen is by far the most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 46% of mass - coming up just short of half of the total.
• This is because it is highly reactive and also easily combines with other elements.
• Because of this, oxygen is found in a large number of common compounds both on Earth and in the crust, specifically.

Additional Information

• Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6.
• It is nonmetallic and tetravalent - its atom making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
• Life on earth would not be possible without carbon because of its ability to readily form bonds with other atoms, giving flexibility to the form and function that biomolecules can take, such as DNA and RNA, which are essential for the defining characteristics of life: growth and replication.
• Aluminium is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13.
• They are very important in the construction of aeroplanes and other forms of transport because of its light weight.
• It is a good electrical conductor and is often used in electrical transmission lines.
• Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe and atomic number 26.
• It is the fourth most abundant element, by mass, in the Earth's crust.
• Iron is a mineral that the body needs for growth and development.

The correct answer is marginal product.

Key Points

• The marginal product of an input is defined as the extra output that results from adding one unit of the input to the existing combination of productive factors.
• An example of marginal product of labour -
• When one cook is hired, the restaurant's production may increase to 10 meals.
• When a second cook is hired, the restaurant's production may increase to 18 meals.

Additional Information

• Average product is the average output (or products) produced by each input (often, number of employees).
• In order to calculate average product, you simply divide total product by variable inputs.
• The Law of Diminishing Marginal Product says that, an increase in the quantity of 1 production variable will increase the output up to a certain point and after that point, it will give less gain for each unit added.
• Thus, the return on investment goes down.
• Total product refers to the total amount of output that a firm produces within a given period, utilising given inputs.

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi chaired the 13th BRICS Summit virtually in 2021.
• He is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current prime minister of India since 2014.
• He was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament from Varanasi.
• BRICS is the acronym coined to associate five major emerging economies - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
• Its headquartered in Shanghai, China.

Additional Information

• Nirmala Sitharaman is an Indian economist and politician serving as the Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs of India since 2019.
• Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is an Indian diplomat and politician serving as the Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 2019.
• Ram Nath Kovind is an Indian politician who served as the 14th President of India from 2017 to 2022.

The correct answer is Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council.

Key Points

• Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) is a not-for-profit Public Sector Enterprise set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India.
• The second edition of Global Bio-India was held in 2021 to showcase the strength and opportunities of India's biotechnology sector at national level and to the global community.
• The Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare unveiled the “National Biotech Strategy” and also inaugurated the Virtual Exhibition of Global Bio-India at the occasion.

Additional Information

• Biocon Limited is India's largest and fully-integrated innovation-led biopharmaceutical company based in Bangalore, Karnataka.
• Bharat Biotech International Limited is an Indian multinational biotechnology company headquartered in the city of Hyderabad.
• It became the first company in the world to file a global patent for Zika vaccine.
• Serum Institute of India is an Indian biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals company, based in Pune.
• It is the world's largest manufacturer of vaccines.

The correct the Janmashtami.

Key Points

• The Krishna Janmashtami festival marks the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of the Hindu God Vishnu.
• His birthday is celebrated eight days after Raksha Bandhan, a festival celebrating the bond between brothers and sisters.
• As a part of traditional celebration, teams of young boys and girls create human pyramids in which participants scale to break an earthen pot, hanged at particular height, filled with dahi.

Additional Information

• Buddha Purnima is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of Siddhartha Gautama or Gautam Buddha, celebrated in most of East Asia and South Asia.
• According to Buddhist tradition, Gautama Buddha was born c. 563–483 BCE in Lumbini, Nepal.
• Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in honour of the god Shiva.
• The name also refers to the night when Shiva performs the heavenly dance called Tandava.
• Ravidas Jayanti marks the birth of Ravidas Ji, well-known for making efforts in eradicating caste system, and contributed to the Bhakti movement.
• He was a good friend and disciple of Kabir Ji and Mirabai was his disciple.

The correct answer is Lattoo.

Key Points

• Lattoo is a traditional throwing top used mainly in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
• It is known by many other names such as Pambaram in Tamil and Malayalam, Buguri in Kannada, Lattu in Urdu, Bongaramin Telugu, Latim in Bengali etc.
• Gatka, Kalaripayattu, Thang-Ta and Mallakhamba were the 4 indigenous sports added to the list of sports at the Khelo India Youth Games 2021.

Additional Information

• Gatka is a form of martial art associated primarily with the Sikhs of the Punjab and other related ethnic groups, such as Hindkowans.
• It is a style of stick-fighting, with wooden sticks intended to simulate swords.
• Thang Ta or "The Art of the Sword and Spear" is the traditional martial art of Manipur in Northeast India.
• It integrates various external weapons such as the sword, spear, dagger, etc., with the internal practice of physical control through soft movements coordinated with the rhythms of breathing.
• Mallakhamba is an ancient (Eastern) Indian sport which originated as a complimentary exercise for wrestling but is now practiced as a sport itself.
• The name is a combination of the words "malla" which means athlete or strong man and "khamba" which means pole.
• It is the state sports of Madhya Pradesh.

The correct answer is 4.54 billion years.

Key Points

• Earth is estimated to be 4.54 billion years old, plus or minus about 50 million years.
• This age has been obtained from the isotopic analysis of many meteorites as well as of soil and rock samples from the Moon by such dating methods as rubidium–strontium and uranium–lead.

Additional Information

• The earliest life forms we know of were microscopic organisms (microbes) that left signals of their presence in rocks about 3.7 billion years old.
• The first human ancestors appeared between five million and seven million years ago, probably when some apelike creatures in Africa began to walk habitually on two legs.
• The range of estimates that humans have existed in comparison to life on Earth is 0.13% to 0.2%.

The correct answer is Sonika.

Key Points

• Sonika is a 21-year-old athlete from Rohtak, Haryana.
• She finished the 10km race in just 37 minutes and 9 seconds.

Additional Information

• Nikita Raut is an athlete from Nagpur who has previously qualified for the World University Games in Italy in 2019.
• Komal Jagadale is a distance runner from Maharashtra, specialising in 5,000m and 3000m steeplechase.
• Kavita Yadav is an Indian woman sport shooter from Karnataka, who won the bronze medal in Women's 10 m Air Rifle in 2010 Commonwealth Games.

The correct answer is Krishna.

Key Points

• Krishna in Hinduism worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme god.
• Janmashtami is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna.

Additional Information

• Shiva also known as Mahadeva or Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism and one of the Holy Trinity and the God of Destruction.
• Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in honour of the night when Shiva performs the heavenly dance called Tandava.
• Vishnu, also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism and one of the Holy Trinity and the God of Preservation.
• Rama is one of the most widely worshipped Hindu deities and the seventh incarnation of Vishnu.
• Rama Navami is a Hindu festival that celebrates the birthday of Rama.

The correct answer is Sanchi.

Key Points

• Sanchi is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Madhya Pradesh.
• The Great Stupa was originally built in the 3rd century BCE by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka and is believed to house ashes of the Buddha.
• The contribution of Shah Jehan Begum and her successor Sultan Jehan Begum, both begums of Bhopal, was praise-worthy in the preservation of the Stupas at Sanchi.

Additional Information

• Jalandhar is an ancient city of Punjab and is famous for its sports goods manufacturing industry.
• Ranchi is the capital of Jharkhand and was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh.
• Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha and is known for its greenery and its temples, including Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain establishments.

The correct answer is A solution comprised of a 3 : 1 mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, respectively.

Key Points

• Aqua Regia (Latin for “royal water”) is an acidic, corrosive, and oxidative mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and one part concentrated nitric acid (HNO3).
• It is commonly used to remove noble metals such as gold, platinum and palladium from substrates.
• Glassware may also be washed with aqua regia to remove organic compounds only in trace amounts.

Additional Information

• “Organic aqua regia (OAR)” is composed of thionyl chloride (SOCl2) and a polar aprotic organic solvent such as pyridine, imidazole or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
• It has been proposed as a safer alternative for aqua regia.

The correct answer is Aryabhatta.

Key Points

• Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after the famous Indian astronomer.
• It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle.

Additional Information

• The Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Programme deployed satellites for generating natural resources information in a variety of application areas, such as agriculture, forestry, geology and hydrology etc.
• The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in Asia-Pacific region with nine operational communication satellites placed in Geo-stationary orbit, meant to provide meteorological services to India.
• Kalpana-1, also known as METSAT, was the first dedicated meteorological satellite launched by ISRO using PSLV in 2002.
• It is named after after the Indian born American Astronaut Dr. Kalpana Chawla, who died on February 1, 2003 in the US Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

The correct answer is Sangeet Natak Academy

Key Points

• Sangeet Natak Akademi is the national level academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India.
• It was founded in 1963 and is set up in New Delhi.
• The parent body is Ministry of Culture.

Additional Information

• The Lalit Kala Akademi promotes study and research in the fields of creative arts such as painting, sculpture, graphics, etc.
• It was inaugurated in New Delhi on August 5th, 1954 and is under the Ministry of Culture.
• The Guru Gopinath Natanagramam is a cultural institution functioning under the Department of Culture, Government of Kerala and was founded in 1994.
• Kalakshetra Foundation is an arts and cultural academy dedicated to the preservation of traditional values in Indian art and crafts, especially in the field of Bharatanatyam dance and Gandharvaveda music.
• It was founded in 1936 and in January 1994, an Act of the Parliament of India recognised the Kalakshetra Foundation as an "Institute of National Importance".

The correct answer is height and weight.

Key Points

• Body mass index is a value derived from the mass and height of a person.
• The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height and is expressed in units of kg/m².

Formula for body mass Index (BMI):

$\rm BMI=\frac{weight}{height^2}$

Write a python program that asks the user for weight and height and then displays weight class based on BMI (use the table below for this)

Additional Information

• As a general guide - ideal blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg, high blood pressure is considered to be 140/90mmHg or higher, low blood pressure is considered to be 90/60mmHg or lower.
• A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
• Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness.

The correct answer is Subtropical westerly jet streams.

Key Points

• The winter subtropical westerly Jet Stream blows from the west to the east in the entire west and middle Asia.
• The western disturbance which enter the Indian subcontinent in winter are brought by these westerly winds.
• Jet Streams develop where air masses of differing temperatures meet.

Additional Information

• A core of strong westerly winds that develop during autumn and winter in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere near the boundary of the polar night and are known as the Polar Night Jet Streams.
• They are present in the convergence zone above the sub polar low pressure belt in both North and South Poles.
• An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.
• It is the main causative factor for determining the vigour of the summer monsoon in India.

The correct answer is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Key Points

• Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel, commonly known as Sardar, was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India and first Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950.
• His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country was total and uncompromising, earning him the sobriquet "Iron Man of India".
• He is also called the "Unifier of India" and India celebrates October 31 as National Unity Day in his honour..
• He is also remembered as the "patron saint of India's civil servants" for having established the modern All India Services system.

Additional Information

• Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter who was hanged to death by British colonisers at the age of 23 years.
• Fondly known as 'Shaheed (martyr) Bhagat Singh', he is considered a national hero of India's freedom struggle against colonial rule.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy the founder of the Brahmo Samaj was a great scholar and an independent thinker.
• He was a religious and social reformer and is known as the 'Father of Modern India' or 'Father of the Bengal Renaissance'.
• Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among Indians.
• He raised the first Indian National Army (INA), Azad Hind Fauj in 1943 and started an armed coup and inspired thousands of Indian youths to join the struggle for independence from the British colonial rule.
• His famous slogans are 'tum mujhe khoon do, main tumhe aazadi dunga', 'Jai Hind', and 'Delhi Chalo'.

The correct answer is Ctenophora.

Key Points

• Ctenophora is a phylum of exclusively marine invertebrates.
• Ctenophora means “comb-bearing”.
• The distinguishing feature of the phylum is the presence of comb plates with cilia that are used for locomotion.

Additional Information

• Cnidaria are mostly marine animals whose distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey.
• Annelida, also called segmented worm, are invertebrate animals that are characterized by the possession of a body cavity, movable bristles, and a body divided into segments by transverse rings, or annulations, from which they take their name.
• Platyhelminthes, also known as flatworms, are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.

The correct answer is Ahmedabad.

Key Points

• Ahmedabad, in western India, is the largest city in the state of Gujarat.
• The Sabarmati River runs through its center.
• On the western bank is the Gandhi Ashram at Sabarmati, which was founded by Gandhi in 1917.

Additional Information

• Kanpur is an industrial city and also the financial capital of Uttar Pradesh.
• Founded in 1803, Kanpur became one of the most important commercial and military stations of British India.
• The siege of Kanpur was a key episode in the Indian rebellion of 1857.
• Delhi is of great historical significance as an important commercial, transport, and cultural hub, as well as the political centre, and the current national capital of India.
• Mahatma Gandhi spent his final 144 days at what was then known as Birla Bhavan in Delhi.
• Communal tension was at its peak, and Gandhi felt he needed to be in the city to quell passions.
• Lucknow is a historically important city and for many centuries was at the heart of North Indian culture.
• In particular, the city was famous for its Adab and Tehzeeb (manners and hospitality), intricate embroidery (Chikankari), beautiful gardens and dance forms such as Kathak.
• The siege of Lucknow was the prolonged defence of the British Residency within the city of Lucknow from sepoys during the Indian Revolt of 1857.

The correct answer is fall in the birth rate and rise in the life expectancy.

Key Points

• A age pyramid is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age groups.
• The bottom represents the lowest age group, and the top represents the oldest group.
• Thus, a wider top indicates higher life expectancy and a constant or narrower bottom indicates a fall in birth rate.

Additional Information

• Birth rate is the number of individuals born in a population in a given amount of time.
• Life expectancy refers to the number of years a person can expect to live.
• | Year | Birth Rate (births per woman) | Life Expectancy (years) | | --- | --- | --- | | 1961 | 5.90 | 41.74 | | 2011 | 2.51 | 67.13 |

The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society: Age group Pyramids of 1961 & 2001,

The correct answer is Lakshadweep.

Key Points

• Lakshadweep, an archipelago of 36 islands, is known for its exotic and sun-kissed beaches and lush green landscape.
• Among the Union Territories Lakshadweep has the highest literacy rate of 91.85%.
• According to the 2011 Census, Lakshadweep has a population of 64429 persons.

Additional Information

• Literacy rate in Puducherry has seen upward trend and is 85.85 percent as per 2011 population census, with the male literacy stands at 91.26 percent while female literacy is at 80.67 percent.
• Between 2015 and 2017, Andaman & Nicobar Islands literacy rate remained stable at around 86.3%.
• Literacy rate in Chandigarh has seen upward trend and is 86.05 percent as per 2011 population census.

The correct answer is Saurashtra.

Key Points

• The Junagadh rock, which contains inscription of the earlier emperors, Ashoka and Rudradaman, has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta.
• The inscription states that Skandagupta appointed governors of all provinces, including Parnadatta as the governor of Saurashtra.
• Saurashtra is a peninsular region of Gujarat, located on the Arabian Sea coast.

Additional Information

• Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh is famous for distilling of scents and is known as India's perfume capital.
• Its traditional Kannauj Perfume is a government protected entity.
• It was important during the Gupta empire, and in the early 7th century it became the capital of Harsha's empire, which included much of northern India.
• Vidarbha in Maharashtra is an easternmost region of Indian state of Maharashtra comprising Nagpur Division and Amravati Division.
• It holds two-thirds of Maharashtra's mineral resources and three-quarters of its forest resources, and is a net producer of power.
• The Vidarbha Kingdom in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata is among the many kingdoms ruled by Yadu kings (Bhoja Yadavas).
• Magadha, ancient kingdom of India, situated in what is now west-central Bihar state, in northeastern India.
• It was well-known for its mighty army and excellent monarchs, such as Bimbisara and Ajatasattu, who built such a large realm.
• It was instrumental in the popularisation of both Buddhism and Jainism.

The correct answer is Great Nicobar.

Key Points

• Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands of India, north of Sumatra.
• The region is noted for its rich biodiversity and houses 650 species of angiosperms, ferns, gymnosperms, bryophytes and lichens among others.
• Indira Point, the southernmost point of India's territory, is a village in the Nicobar district at Great Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Additional Information

• Often referred to as the 'French Capital of India', Pondicherry is a vibrant city located on the south-eastern coast of India.
• It is bounded by Bay of Bengal on the east and the other three sides by the Arcot district of Tamil Nadu.
• India's smallest Union Territory Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km.
• The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means 'a hundred thousand islands'.
• Arunachal Pradesh is the farthest state in the North-Eastern Sector of India and the only Hindi-speaking state of the region too.
• It has 26 tribes and more than 100 sub-tribes and more than 50 dialects but only a few languages that have scriptures.

The correct answer is Ivor Jennings.

Key Points

• Sir William Ivor Jennings was a British lawyer and academic.
• He called the Constitution of India a “lawyer's paradise” because the legal language and phraseology adopted by the constitution-makers makes it a complex document.
• It is a criticism against the Indian Constitution because of its length and elaborate legal language.

Additional Information

• Granville Seward Austin was an American historian of the Indian Constitution.
• He wrote a journal called The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation.
• Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.
• He was the Law Minister in the first cabinet of independent India, who introduced the final draft of the Constitution in the Constituent Assembly.
• Kengal Hanumanthaiah was the second Chief Minister of Karnataka (then, Mysore State) from 30 March 1952 to 19 August 1956.
• He contributed to the construction of Vidhana Soudha, the seat of the state legislature.

The correct answer is the military department in the Sultanate.

Key Points

• Diwan-i-Arz in Delhi Sultanate was established by Balban.
• Ghiyas ud din Balban was the ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi.
• Diwan-i-Arz was essentially the Department of Military managed by Ariz-i-Mamalik.
• He was accountable for the regulation and preservation of the royal army.

Additional Information

• The Sultan of Delhi was the chief executive of the state, the highest judicial authority, and the Commander-in-Chief of the army.
• In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, the in-charge of revenue collection was known as 'Amil' (Governor).
• Amir-i-bahr was the officer in charge of police & transport naval port.

The correct answer is Shravanabelagola.

Key Points

• Shravanabelagola in Karnataka is one of the most-visited Jain pilgrimage spots in South India.
• It is home to the 18 m high statue of Lord Gometeshwara, one of the world's tallest free-standing monolithic statues.
• Constructed in 981 AD by Chamundaraya, a Ganga warrior, it is carved out of a single block of granite and looms on the top of Vindhyagiri Hill.
• In 298 BCE, Chandragupta Maurya renounced his rule, handing over power to his son Bindusara and traveled south to a cave at Shravanabelogola.
• There, he meditated without eating or drinking for five weeks until he died of starvation in a practice known as sallekhana or santhara.

Additional Information

• Pawapuri in Bihar is the place of Mahavira's nirvana and a pilgrimage site for Jains.
• It is also called Apapapuri, meaning 'the Sinless town'.
• The Jal Mandir meaning Water Temple, is a highly revered temple dedicated to Lord Mahavira, and marks the place of his cremation.
• The land of Kashi, also known as Varanasi or Banaras, in Uttar Pradesh, has been the ultimate pilgrimage spot for Hindus for ages.
• Hindus believe that one who is graced to die on the land of Varanasi would attain salvation and freedom from the cycle of birth and re-birth.
• The Kashi Vishwanath Temple is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• Palitana in Gujarat is the world's only mountain that has more than 900 temples.
• The Palitana temples and whole mountain are considered the most sacred pilgrimage place (tirtha) by the Jain community and is the world's largest Temple Complex.

The correct answer is It was constituted under the National Commission for Women Act, 1988.

Key Points

• The National Commission for Women (NCW) is the statutory body of the Government of India.
• It is generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting women.
• Its first chairperson was Jayanti Patnaik.
• The first Commission was constituted on 31 January 1992.
• All members are nominated by the central government.
• It was constituted under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990.
• Thus, the statement in option 3 is false, making it the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Ms. Rekha Sharma assumed the charge of Chairperson, NCW on August 7, 2018 and is currently serving in the role.
• Recently, in a move to make legal aid more accessible for women, the NCW in collaboration with Delhi State Legal Services Authority (DSLSA) has launched a legal aid clinic which will act as a single-window facility for resolving grievances of women by offering them free legal assistance.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Rajasthan is a state in northern India.
• It covers 342,239 square kilometres or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area.
• It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population.

Additional Information

• Maharashtra is the second-most populous state in India and the second-most populous country subdivision globally, and it is the third-largest state by area.
• Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population.
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world, and it is the fourth-largest Indian state by area.

The correct answer is remains constant.

Key Points

• Zero marginal utility is what happens when consuming more of an item brings no extra measure of satisfaction.
• For example, you might feel fairly full after two slices of cake and wouldn't really feel any better after having a third slice. In this case, your marginal utility from eating cake is zero.
• Thus, the total utility is maximum at this point and any further consumption of that commodity will lead to a diminishing total utility.
• Thus, it must remain constant.

Additional Information

• Marginal utility is the added satisfaction that a consumer gets from having one more unit of a good or service.
• The concept of marginal utility is used by economists to determine how much of an item consumers are willing to purchase.
• Total utility is the aggregate amount of satisfaction or fulfillment that a consumer receives through the consumption of a specific good or service.

The correct answer is Hyder Ali.

Key Points

• Hyder Ali was the Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India from 1761 to 1782.
• He concluded an alliance with the French, and used the services of French workmen in raising his artillery and arsenal.
• He left his eldest son, Tipu Sultan, an extensive kingdom bordered by the Krishna River in the north, the Eastern Ghats in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west.

Additional Information

• Alivardi Khan was the Nawab of Bengal from 1740 to 1756 and was succeeded by his grandson, Siraj-ud-Daulah.
• Tipu Sultan, also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782 to 1799.
• Remembered as the first freedom fighter from India, he was a pioneer of rocket artillery.
• Murshid Quli Khan, born as Surya Narayan Mishra, was the first Nawab of Bengal, serving from 1717 to 1727.

The correct answer is at a constant rate as income changes.

Key Points

• A consumption function in economics is the relationship between consumer spending and the various factors determining it.
• For example, at the household or family level, these factors may include income, wealth, expectations about the level and riskiness of future income or wealth, interest rates, age, education, and family size.
• The simplest form will be to assume that consumption changes at the same rate and in the same direction as the change in income.
• However, factors such as inflation, future risks, etc. in real life make that highly unlikely.

Additional Information

• Importance of determining consumption -
• Consumption expenditure of households largely determines aggregate demand which in turn determines the level of employment and national income.
• Thus, consumption decision is crucial for long-run analysis because of its role in determining the rate of growth of the economy.

The correct answer is 69^th Amendment Act.

Key Points

• The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1991, passed in 1992, gave the Union Territory of Delhi special status.
• It renamed Delhi the National Capital Territory of Delhi.
• It also named the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi as its administrator (LG).

Additional Information

• The 86th Amendment Act, 2002 provides that every child aged 6 to 14 shall have a right to free and compulsory admission, attendance, and completion of education in a neighbourhood school.
• A child with disabilities shall also have the right to pursue free and compulsory elementary education up to the age of 18 years.
• The 91st Amendment Act, 2003 strengthened the the Tenth Schedule of the 52nd amendment by adding provisions for disqualification of defectors and banning them from being appointed as ministers for a period of time.
• The 73rd Amendment Act,1992 empowered state governments to take the necessary steps that would lead to the formalisation of the gram panchayats and help them operate as units of self-governance.

The correct answer is Indira Gandhi International Airport.

Key Points

• Indira Gandhi International Airport is the primary international airport serving Delhi, the capital of India.
• It is the busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic and international traffic busiest airport in India since 2009.
• It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of cargo traffic after Mumbai.

Additional Information

• Kempegowda International Airport is an international airport serving Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka.
• It is named after Kempe Gowda I, the founder of Bangalore.
• It is India's first airport to receive a GreenCo Platinum rating and previously earned LEED Gold certification from the Indian Green Building Council.
• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is an international airport that serves Hyderabad, the capital of the Indian state of Telangana.
• It is the largest airport of India by area.
• It has also ranked in AirHelp's list of top 10 airports in the world.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport is an international airport serving Mumbai and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
• It is one of the three airports in India to have implemented Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) to ensure timely takeoffs and landings.

The correct answer is Chennai.

Key Points

• The first cement plant was set up in India in 1904 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• South India Industries Limited in Madras, made an initiative to manufacture Portland cement.
• The attempt proved unsuccessful and it was stopped soon after.
• Later, a working cement factory was setup in Porbandar in Gujarat in 1914.

Additional Information

• Nagpur in Maharashtra is famous as the ”Orange City” for being a major trade center of oranges.
• The oldest textile mill in India, the Empress Mills, was founded by Sir Jamshedji Tata in the heart of Nagpur in 1877.
• Mumbai is the financial centre of India.
• Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company was the first cotton mill to be established in Bombay, India, on 7 July 1854 at Tardeo by Cowaszee Nanabhoy Davar and his associates.
• Lucknow is a historically important city and for many centuries was at the heart of North Indian culture.
• In particular, the city was famous for its Adab and Tehzeeb (manners and hospitality), intricate embroidery (chikankari), beautiful gardens and dance forms such as Kathak.

The correct answer is 42^nd Amendment Act.

Key Points

• One of the most significant amendments to the Indian Constitution is the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
• This act is also known as the "Mini-Constitution" because of the enormous number of amendments it has made to the Indian Constitution.
• It also amended Preamble and changed the description of India from "sovereign democratic republic" to a "sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic", and also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation".
• It laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation.
• The amendment's fifty-nine clauses stripped the Supreme Court of many of its powers and moved the political system toward parliamentary sovereignty.
• It curtailed democratic rights in the country, and gave sweeping powers to the Prime Minister's Office.

Additional Information

• The 73rd Amendment Act was passed in 1993 and local self-governance was introduced in rural and urban India through it.
• The 91st Amendment Act was passed in 2003 to strengthen the Anti-Defection Law by adding provisions for disqualification of defectors and banning them from being appointed as ministers for a period of time.
• The 5th Amendment Act of 1955 empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.

The correct answer is Article 191.

Key Points

• Article 191 in The Constitution Of India 1949 deals with disqualifications from membership of Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State.
• The following can lead to disqualification -
• Holding any office of profit under the Government of India or of any State specified in the First Schedule, other than the ones approved as exceptions.
• Being of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court.
• Being an undischarged insolvent.
• Not a citizen of India.
• Has been disqualified by or under any law made by Parliament Explanation.
• Has been disqualified under the Tenth Schedule.

Additional Information

• Article 187 deals with the constitution and hiring of the secretariat staff of each house of legislature of a state.
• Article 189 deals with voting in each house of the state legislature, and all rules associated with it.
• Article 197 deals with restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.

The correct answer is B R Ambedkar.

Key Points

• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer and political leader who headed the committee drafting the Constitution of India from the Constituent Assembly debates, and served as Law and Justice minister in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Dr. Ambedkar fought to eradicate social evils like untouchability and for the rights of the Dalits and other socially backward classes throughout his life.
• Defined by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as a novel feature of the Indian Constitution, the Directive Principle of State Policy (“DPSP”) is a set of the social and economic obligations imposed on the Government (Union & State) to establish a welfare society.

Additional Information

• Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, and social democrat.
• He was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s.
• He served as the country's prime minister for 17 years upon independence.
• Frank Anthony was a leader of the Anglo-Indian community in India.
• Until his death, he was their nominated representative in the Parliament of India except 6th and 9th Lok Sabha.
• He served as the president of the All India Anglo-Indian Association.
• Asaf Ali was an Indian independence fighter and noted Indian lawyer.
• He was the first Indian Ambassador to the United States.
• He also served as the Governor of Odisha.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Yakshagana is a traditional theatre, developed in Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Shimoga and western parts of Chikmagalur districts, in the state of Karnataka and in Kasaragod district in Kerala.
• It combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage techniques with a unique style and form.

Additional Information

• Examples of folk dance:
• Gujarat - Raas, Garba, Tippani, Dangi Nritya, Hudo, Matukadi, Siddi Dhamal
• Assam - Bihu, Bagurumba, Bhortal, Ojapali
• Andhra Pradesh - Butta Bommalu, Lambaadi, Tappeta Gullu

Given:

If each edge of a cube is increased by 40%

Formula used:

Successive discount of A and B = A ± B ± AB/100

Calculation:

If each edge of a cube is increased by 40%

Percentage increase in its surface area = Successive percentage of 40% and 40%

Percentage increase in its surface area = $40\%+40\%+\frac{40 \times 40}{100}$

= $80\%+\frac{1600}{100}$

= 80% + 16%

= 96%

Surface area is increased by 96%

Answer is 96%.

Alternate MethodGiven:

If each edge of a cube is increased by 40%

Formula used:

Total Surface area of a cube = 6 side²

Calculation:

each edge is increased by 40%

= $\frac{40}{100}$

= $\frac{2}{5}$

Let initial side and increased side be 5 and 7,

Surface area of initial cube = 6 × 5²

= 6 × 25

= 150

Surface area of increased cube = 6 × 7²

= 6 × 49

= 294

Percentage increase in surface area = $\frac{294-150}{150} \times 100$

= $\frac{144}{3} \times 2$

= 96%

Answer is 96%.

Given: 

\(\begin{array}{l} \rm,,,,,A,;1\ \rm + ,1,;B\ ______\ \rm,,,,,,B,;0 \end{array}\)

Concept:

Following are the rules to solve Cryptarithmetic Questions:

1. Every Character/letter must have a unique and distinct value.
2. The values of a character/letter can not be changed and should remain the same throughout.
3. Starting character of a number can not be zero example – 0341 should be simply 341.
4. The problem will have only and only one solution.
5. The addition of two similar numbers is always even.
6. In the case of the addition of two numbers, if there is carry then, the carry can only be 1.
7. Once all the characters/letters are replaced with numbers, arithmetic operations must be correct.

Calculation:

B + 1 = 0, which can only be possible when B is = 9.

\(\begin{array}{l};;;1\ \rm,,,,,A,;1\ \rm + ,1,;;9\ ______\ \rm,,,,,,9,;0 \end{array}\)

A + 1 + 1 = 9

A = 7

∴ The answer is A = 7 and B = 9.

Given:

A cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder have the same base and same height

Formula used:

Where r and h are radius and height

Volume of a cone = $\frac{1}{3} \times \pi r^2h$

Volume of a cylinder = $\pi r^2h$

Volume of a hemisphere = $\frac{2}{3} \times \pi r^3$

Calculation:

Radius = Height

A cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder have the same base and same height

Ratio of the volume of A cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder = $\frac{1}{3} \times \pi r^2h$ : $\frac{2}{3} \times \pi r^3$ : $\pi r^2h$

= $\frac{1}{3}$ : $\frac{2}{3}$ : 1

= 1 : 2 : 3

Answer is 1 : 2 : 3.

Given:

Principal = 16,000

Rate = 10%

Amount = 19,448.10

Formula used:

Interest compounded semi-annually,

Amount = Principal $(1+\frac{Rate}{200})^{2n}$

where n is number of years

Calculation:

let n be the number of years,

$19448.1 = 16000 \times (1+\frac{10}{200})^{2n}$

$\frac{19448.1}{16000} = (1+\frac{1}{20})^{2n}$

$\frac{194481}{160000} = (\frac{21}{20})^{2n}$

$\frac{194481}{160000} = (\frac{441}{400})^{n}$

Square root of 194481 = 441

Square root of 160000 = 400

n = 2 years

Answer is 2 years.

Given:

The average age of a team of 18 persons, including the leader, is 32.5 years

The same becomes 1.5 less when the age of the leader is excluded

Formula used:

Total = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

Total age of 18 persons including teacher = 18 × 32.5

= 585

The same becomes 1.5 less when the age of the leader is excluded,

Average of the team without leader = 31 years

Total age of 17 persons excluding teacher = 17 × 31

= 527

Age of the leader = Total age of 18 persons including teacher - Total age of 17 persons excluding teacher

= 585 - 527

= 58 years

Answer is 58 years.

Shortcut Trick

Volume of Tank = Volume of water discharged by pipe in time 't'.

Volume of Tank = 80 × 50 × 7 = 28000 m³.

Area of Pipe Cross-section = 0.25 × 0.25 = 0.0625 m².

Speed of water = 20000 m/hr.

Time (t) = 28000 ÷ (0.0625 × 20000) = 28000 ÷ 1250 = 22.4 hr.

∴ The correct answer is 22.4 hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Dimensions of Rectangular Tank: Length = 80 m, Breadth = 50 m, Depth = 7 m.

Dimensions of Square Pipe: Side = 25 cm = 0.25 m.

Speed of water: 20 km/hr = 20000 m/hr.

Formula Used:

Volume of Tank = Area of cross-section of pipe × Speed of water × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of Tank = 80 × 50 × 7 = 28000 m³

⇒ Cross-section area of pipe = (25/100) × (25/100) = 0.0625 m²

⇒ Volume of water flow per hour = 0.0625 × 20000 = 1250 m³/hr

⇒ Time required = Total Volume ÷ Volume per hour

⇒ Time = 28000 ÷ 1250

⇒ Time = 22.4 hr

∴ The correct answer is 22.4 hr.

Additional Information

Rate of Flow Concept

The volume of water flowing through a pipe in time 't' is given by (Area of cross-section × Speed of water × t).

Unit Conversion

Always ensure all dimensions are in the same system; 1 km = 1000 m and 1 cm = 0.01 m.

Volume of Cuboid

The volume of a rectangular tank (cuboid) is length × breadth × height (or depth).

Given:

\(\begin{array}{l} \rm,,,,,,31A\ \rm + ,1A3\ ______\ ,,,,,,,501 \end{array}\)

Concept

RULES FOR CRYPTARITHMS:

1. Each Letter, Symbol represents only one digit throughout the problem.
2. Numbers must not begin with zero i.e. 0123 (wrong) , 298 (correct).
3. Aim is to find the value of each letter in the Cryptarithmetic problems
4. There must be only one solution to the Cryptarithmetic problems
5. Numbers from 0 to 9 is used to assign letters.
6. After replacing letters by their digits, the resulting arithmetic operations must be correct.
7. Carry over can only be 1 in Cryptarithmetic problems

Calculation:

\(\begin{array}{l} \rm,,,,,,31A\ \rm + ,1A3\ ______\ ,,,,,,,501 \end{array}\)

in unit digit A + 3 gives 1 

then, A will be 8

if A = 8

\(\begin{array}{l} \rm,,,,,,318\ \rm + ,183\ ______\ ,,,,,,,501 \end{array}\)

it satisfies the given problem

Answer is 8.

Given:

Radius of the sphere = 20 cm

Radius of the smaller sphere = 4 cm

Formula used:

Volume of the sphere = $\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Concept used:

if a form is melted and made into another form

then both the volumes are equal

Calculation:

According to the question,

let n be the number of small spheres formed

Volume of the larger sphere = n (Volume of the smaller sphere)

$\frac{4}{3} \pi \times 20^3$ = $n \times \frac{4}{3} \pi \times 4^3$

$n = \frac{8000}{64}$

n = 125

Number of smaller spheres = 125

∴ Answer is 125.

Given:

A class of 25 students took a science test

10 students had an average score of 80

15 students had an average score of 60

Formula used:

Total = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

let the average of whole class be x

Total score of whole class = Score of first 10 students + Score of the other 15 students

25x = 10 × 80 + 15 × 60

25x = 800 + 900

25x = 1700

x = $\frac{1700}{25}$

x = 68

Average score of whole class is 68

Answer is 68.

Given:

a student multiplied a number by 7/10 instead of 10/7

Calculation:

Let the number be 70

Correct answer = $70 \times \frac{10}{7}$

= 100

Wrong answer = $70 \times \frac{7}{10}$

= 49

Percentage error = $\frac{100-49}{100} \times 100$

= 51%

Answer is 51%.

Given:

The volume of a cylinder of height 5 cm is 192.5 cm³

Formula used:

Volume of the cylinder = $\pi r^2 h$

Curved surface area of the cylinder = $2\pi r h$

where r and h are radius and height

Calculation:

Volume of the cylinder = 192.5

$\frac{22}{7}\times r^2 \times 5 = 192.5$

$r^2 =\frac{7}{22 \times 5}\times 192.5$

$r^2 = 12.25$

r = 3.5 cm

Curved surface area = $2 \times \frac{22}{7} \times 3.5 \times 5$

= 110 cm²

Answer is 110 cm2

Given:

Divisor = 5

Calculation:

Numbers divisible by 5 from 1 - 100 = $\frac{100}{5}$

= 20 

Numbers divisible by 5 from 1 - 10 =  $\frac{10}{5}$

= 2

Two digit numbers divisible by 5 = (Numbers divisible by 5 from 1 - 100) - (Numbers divisible by 5 from 1 - 10)

= 20 - 2

= 18

Number of 2 digit numbers divisible by 5 is 18.

Answer is 18.

Given:

the numerator is increased by 60% and the denominator is diminished by 20%

The new fraction obtained is $\frac{3}{2}$

Calculation:

Let a and b be the numerator and denominator,

$\frac{a \times (1+60\%)}{b \times(1-20\%)} = \frac{3}{2}$

$\frac{a \times (1+\frac{60}{100})}{b \times(1-\frac{20}{100})} = \frac{3}{2}$

$\frac{a \times 160}{b \times80} = \frac{3}{2}$

$\frac{a \times 2}{b } = \frac{3}{2}$

$\frac{a}{b } = \frac{3}{2\times2}$

$\frac{a}{b } = \frac{3}{4}$

Answer is $\frac{3}{4}$.

Given:

$1.\overline {19}$ + $5.\overline 3$ + $0.\overline {07}$

Calculation:

$\frac{119-1}{99} + \frac{53-5}{9}+\frac{7}{99}$

= $\frac{118}{99} + \frac{48}{9}+\frac{7}{99}$

= $\frac{118}{99} + \frac{528}{99}+\frac{7}{99}$

= $\frac{653}{99}$

= $6 + \frac{{59}}{{99}}$

Answer is $6 + \frac{{59}}{{99}}$.

Alternate MethodGiven:

$1.\overline {19}$ + $5.\overline 3$ + $0.\overline {07}$

Calculation:

Extend the recurring digits for 4 decimals,

= 1.1919.... + 5.3333..... + 0.0707......[this method is only applicable for addition and subtraction]

= 6.5959.....

= 6 + $0.\overline {59}$

= $6 + \frac{{59}}{{99}}$

Answer is $6 + \frac{{59}}{{99}}$.

Given:

Discount = 20%

Profit = 25%

Marked Price = 500

Formula used:

Marked Price (1 - Discount%) = Cost Price (1 + Profit%)

Calculation:

500 × ( 1 - 20%) = Cost Price × (1 + 25%)

500 × $(1-\frac{20}{100})$ = Cost Price × $(1+\frac{25}{100})$

500 × 80 = Cost Price × 125

Cost Price = $\frac{40000}{125}$

= 320

Cost Price of the article is Rs. 320

Answer is 320.

Given:

39 rock CDs, 52 classical CDs and 78 pop CDs

Calculation:

He can pack only one type of CD in each box and he must pack the same number of CDs in each box

Then, 

Maximum number of CDs Nagraj can pack in each box = HCF (39 rock CDs, 52 classical CDs and 78 pop CDs)

= HCF ( 39, 52, 78)

= 13 CDs

Answer is 13.

Given:

Sections A, B and C of Class 10 in a school, have 25, 20 and 15 students

the average marks of Section A students is 90%, that of Section B students is 84%, and that of Section C students is 95%

Formula used:

Total = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

let x be the average of the class 10

Total students in class 10 = 25 + 20 + 15 = 60 students

Total marks of class 10 = Total marks of Section A + Total marks of Section B + Total marks of Section C

60x = 25 × 90% + 20 × 84% + 15 × 95%

60x = 2250% + 1680% + 1425%

60x = 5355%

x = $\frac{5355\%}{60}$

x = 89.25%

Answer is 89%(Nearest whole number).

Given:

Compound interest = 3016.65

Rate = 20%

Time = 2 years

Formula used:

Interest compounded semi-annually,

Compound interest  = Principal-Principal

where n is number of years

Calculation:

Let P be the principal,

$3016.65=P(1+\frac{20}{200})^{2 \times 2} - P$

$3016.65=P(1+\frac{1}{10})^{4} - P$

$3016.65=P(\frac{11}{10})^{4} - P$

$3016.65=P(\frac{14641}{10000}) - P$

$3016.65=P(\frac{4641}{10000})$

$3016.65 \times (\frac{10000}{4641}) =P$

Principal = 6500

Answer is 6500.

Given:

$4\frac{2}{3} \times4\frac{2}{3} + 2 \times 4\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{4}{3} + \frac{4}{3} \times \frac{4}{3}$

Formula used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

=  $4\frac{2}{3} \times4\frac{2}{3} + 2 \times 4\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{4}{3} + \frac{4}{3} \times \frac{4}{3}$

= $\frac{14}{3} \times\frac{14}{3} + 2 \times \frac{14}{3} \times \frac{4}{3} + \frac{4}{3} \times \frac{4}{3}$

= $\frac{196}{9} + \frac{112}{9} + \frac{16}{9}$

= $\frac{324}{9}$ = 36

Answer is 36.

Given:

Marked price = 1600

Discount 1 = 15%

Discount 2 = 25%

Formula used:

Selling Price = Marked Price (1 - Discount 1%) (1 - Discount 2%)

Calculation:

Selling Price = $1600 \times (1-15\%) \times (1-25\%)$

= $1600 \times (1-\frac{15}{100}) \times (1-\frac{25}{100})$

= $1600 \times (\frac{85}{100}) \times (\frac{75}{100})$

= $1600 \times (\frac{17}{20}) \times (\frac{3}{4})$

= $20 \times {17} \times {3}$

= 1020

Answer is 1020.