BSSC CGL Previous year Official Paper 1 (Held on : 16 Feb 2015)

Calculation:

Let salary of B = 100

The salary of A = 75 (According to the question)

percentage difference in salary = (100 - 75) × 100/75

⇒ 2500/75 = 33 (1/3)%

∴ The salary of B is 33(1/3)% more than salary of A.

Given:

SP = 2/3 Fixed Price 

Formula used:

Profit % = ((SP - CP)/CP)× 100

Calculation:

Let the cost price of item = 100x

The article is sold at 10% loss , then SP = 90x

Fixed price = 3/2 × 90x = 135x

Profit percentage, when article is sold at fixed price

⇒ [(135x -100x) × 100]/100x

Profit percentage = 35%

∴ The profit percentage would be 35%. 

Alternate Method Let the fixed price = F

And cost price = C

According to the question when the item is sold at 2/3 of fixed price, there would have been a 10% loss.

So, \(\frac{2F}{3} = \frac{C\ \times\ 90}{100}\)

⇒ F = \(\frac{C\ \times\ 90\ \times\ 3}{100\ \times\ 2}\) = \(\frac{135\ \times\ C}{100}\)

The fixed price is 135% of the cost price.

Hence, when the item is sold at the fixed price there will be a profit of 35%.

Given:

Sale price of both horses is same,

Profit on 1 horse = 15%

Loss on other horse = 15%

Formula used:

If two articles are sold at same price, one at a loss of R% and another at a profit of R%, there will always be a net loss. 

Net percentage loss = (R²/100)% 

Calculation:

Net loss = (15²/100)%

⇒ Net loss = 2.25%

∴ There will be a loss of 2.25 %.

Given:

The average temperature on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday = 40°C 

Temperature of Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday = 41°C 

Temperature of Thursday = 42°C

Formula used: 

Mean = Sum of no. observation/No. of observation 

Calculation:

Average temperature for Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday = 40°C

Total temperature = 3 × 40 = 120°C

Average temperature for Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday = 41°C

Total temperature = 41 × 3 = 123°C

Temperature on Thursday = 42°C

⇒ (Tuesday + Wednesday + Thursday) - (Monday + Tuesday + Wednesday) = 123° - 120° 

Thursday - Monday = 3° 

Monday = 42° - 3° = 39°C

∴ The temperature on Monday is 39°C.

Given;

The value of sugar falls = 10%

Increase of consumption = ?

Formula used:

Increase of consumption = (r/(100 - r) × 100) 

Calculation:

(10/100 - 10) × 100)

⇒ 100/9 = 11(1/9)%

∴ 11(1/9)% of sugar consumption should be increased 

We know that 10% = 1/10

Let the original price of sugar be 10 units 

Reduced price = 5 - 1 = 9 units 

Price is inversely proportional to consumption 

Original consumption = 9 units 

Increased consumption = 10 units 

Consumption in sugar so that expenditure does not fall 

⇒ 1/9 × 100 = \(11 \frac{1}{9}%\)

Given:

Number of girls = 32 

The ratio of girls and Boys = 16 : 9

Concept:

percentage = (part/whole) × 100

Solution: 

Let the number = y 

Then,

Girls : boys = 16y : 9y

⇒ 16y = 32 

⇒ y = 2 

Now (put the value of y) boys = 9 × 2 = 18 

Total number girls and boys = 32 + 18 = 50 

Percentage = (32/50) × 100 = 64%

∴ The % of girls is 64%

Given:

Length of cloth = 37.5 meters 

1 meter  = 8 pieces

Calculation:

1 meter = 8 pieces 

Then, pieces in 37.5 meters cloth  = 37.5 × 8 = 300

∴ 300 pieces will be made in the whole cloth

Given:

The height of a pole = 21 meters

A monkey covers distance in 1 minute = 6 meters 

Calculation:

Net distance travelled by monkey in 2 min = 3 meters

In 10 min. distance travelled (climbed) = 15 meters

As, it is given in the question that in first minute it climbed 6 meters and in other minute it slips down 3 meters 

And this happens alternately.

So monkey will travel remaining 6 meters in next minute.

∴ Total time taken is (10 + 1) = 11 minute.

Given:

Total amount = 680 Rs.

A gets = 2/3 of B

B gets =1/4 of C

Calculation:

A = 2/3 B

⇒ A/B = 2/3

A : B = 2 : 3

B = 1/4 C

⇒ B/C = 1/4

B : C = 1 : 4 = 3 : 12

So, A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 12

A gets  = 2/(2 + 3 + 12) × 680 Rs.

⇒ 2 × 680/17 Rs. = 80 Rs.

B gets = 3 × 680/17 Rs. = 120 Rs.

C gets =12 × 680/17 Rs. = 480 Rs.

∴ A, B and C gets Rs.80, Rs.120 and Rs.480 respectively

Given:

The required number must be added = 20%

Then, the number is increased = 50%

Calculation:

Let the first number be (a) and the second number be (b) 

So, 20% of a + b = b + 50% of b which implies 

⇒ 20% of a = 50% of b

⇒ (20/100) × a = (50/100) × b

⇒ a/b = 50/20 = 5/2

∴ The ratio of the first to the second = 5 : 2

Given:

The ratio of the speed of 3 cars = 2 : 3 : 4

Formula used:

Speed = distance/time 

Calculation:

If the distance = d, time taken to cover the distance will be inversely proportional to its speed,

⇒  (x/2) : (x/3) : (x/4) = (6x/12) : (4x/12) : (3x/12) = 6 : 4 : 3

∴ The ratio of the time taken by the 3 cars to cover the same distance is 6 : 4 : 3

Given:

Time taken to complete a piece of work by B = x 

Time taken to complete same work  by A = x + 50%

Formula used:

Efficiency = Work/Time

Calculation:

Let us consider the number of days B requires to complete the work = x days 

So, number of days A requires to complete the work = x + (50/100)x = 1.5x

We can calculate, work done by A in 1 day = 1/1.5x = 2/3x

And work done by B in 1 day = 1/x

We know that the number of days A and B together requires to do work = 18 days 

So, work done by both A and B in 1 day = 1/18

⇒ 2/3x + 1/x = 1/18

⇒ 5/3x = 1/18

⇒ x = (5× 18)/3

⇒ x = 30

∴ B requires 30 days to complete the work.

Given:

Time taken by a tap fills the tank with water = 2 hours

Time taken by a leakage = 2,1/3

Formula used:

Efficiency = Work/Time

Calculation:

Part of the tank filled by the pump in 1 hour = 1/2

Total part of the tank filled by the pump and leak in 1 hour = 1/(7/3)  = 3/7

so part of the tank emptied by the leak in 1 hour = 1/2 - 3/7

⇒ (7 - 6)/14 = 1/14 

∴ The leak will empty the tank in 14 hours

The following diagram consists of English alphabets and their positional values:

As, the positional value of A = 1

and the positional value of B = 2

Inverse positional value of Z = 27 - Positional value of Z = 27 - 26 = 1

and, Inverse positional value of Y = 27 - Positional value of Y = 27 - 25 = 2

Therefore AB is related to ZY.

Similarly,

Positional value of C = 3

positional value of D = 4

Inverse positional value of X = 27 - 24 = 3

Inverse positional value of W = 27 - 23 = 4

So, CD is related to XW. 

Hence, "XW" is the correct answer.

As Sheep's meat is known as Mutton. Similarly, Deer's meat is known as Venison.

Hence, "Venison" is the correct answer.

As Cobbler uses Leather to make shoes. Similarly, Tailor uses Cloth to make dresses.

Hence, Cloth is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is, the first Alphabet is place at the last position and rest Alphabets are kept as it is.

So, DRIVEN must be equal to RIVEND

Hence, "RIVEND" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is, square of the first number plus the number itself.

(11)² + 11 = 121 + 11 = 132

Similarly,

(9)² + 9 = 81 + 9 = 90

Hence, "9 : 90" is the correct answer.

Alternate MethodLogic: Number ×  (Number + 1)

⇒ 11 × (11 + 1)

⇒ 11 × 12

⇒ 132

Similarly,

⇒ 9 × (9 + 1)

⇒ 9 × 10

⇒ 90

The pattern followed here is, In the first fraction the square of the denominator is taken in the next fraction. Following this pattern the fraction that is related to \(\frac{1}{13}\) must be \(\frac{1}{169}\) as (13)² = 169.

Hence, \(\frac{1}{169}\) is the correct answer.

As Autobiography, Novel and Dictionary are all books but Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian State of Kerala and Union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry.

So, Malayalam is odd from the given alternatives.

Hence, **"**Malayalam" is the correct answer.

The following diagram contains English alphabets and their positional values:

The pattern followed here is shown below:

The positional value of First alphabet - 4 = Second alphabet, Positional value of 2^nd alphabet - 3 = Third alphabet and positional value of third alphabet - 2 = forth alphabet

XTQO → Positional value of X - 4 = Positional value of T i.e. 20, Positional value of T - 3 = 17 i.e. positional value of Q and positional value of Q - 2 = Positional value of O i.e. 15. 

RNKI → Positional value of R - 4 = Positional value of N i.e. 14, Positional value of N - 3 = 11 i.e. positional value of K and positional value of K - 2 = Positional value of I i.e. 9. HDAY →  Positional value of H - 4 = Positional value of D i.e. 4, Positional value of D - 3 = 1 i.e. positional value of A and positional value of A - 2 = Positional value Y I i.e. 25. The only option that doesn't follow this pattern is option 1 i.e. MIGE

Hence, "MIGE" is the correct answer.

Here In each option except option 1 the second number is a factor of 1^st number. But, 4 is not a factor of 42.

Hence, "42 : 4" is the correct answer.

Here, out of the four alternatives given above the odd one is option 1 i.e. Year 2012 as It is a leap year and rest other options are normal Years.

So, Year 2012 is the odd one here.

Hence, "Year 2012" is the correct answer.

Important Points A leap year is a year which comes every four years and in which February has 29 days instead of 28. To check whether the Year is a Leap Year or not we simply divide it by 4. If the remainder comes zero then it is a leap year.

Here, except Cylinder all other figures are 2 dimensional figures and cylinder is a 3 dimensional figure.

So, Cylinder is the odd one here.

Hence, "Cylinder"  is the correct answer.

Important Points 

2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional Figures → In geometry a figure is said to be 2 dimensional it it has two dimensions i.e. length and breadth and a figure is said to be 3 dimensional if it has 3 dimensions i.e. length, breadth and height.

Here, except Submarine all other things run above the surface of water but Submarine runs inside the water.

So, Submarine is the odd one here.

Hence, "Submarine" is the correct answer.

The words that will come in order given in the dictionary are as follows:

1. Eugenics 2. Eupepsy
2. Euphonics
3. Euphony 5. Euphrasy

Hence, sequence 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 is the correct answer.

The correct meaningful sequence of the above given words is:

Nutrition → Digestion → Absorption → Emissions

Hence, sequence 3, 2, 1, 4 is the correct answer.

The following diagram consists English alphabets and their positional values:

The pattern followed here is:

Each alphabet's positional value is increased by +1 in the next term in the series. So, First alphabet in the first term is A , in the second term first alphabet would be positional value of A + 1 = B , third term's first alphabet would be positional value of B + 1 = C and first term in the next term would be positional value of C + 1 = D . On following this pattern, the next term in the series would be DFH

Hence, "DFH" is the correct answer.

The following diagram consists of English alphabets and their positional values:

Logic: Here in alternate pair Each alphabet's positional value is increased by +3

The pattern followed here is shown below:

Hence, "GHI" is the correct answer.

Logic: Here, the difference between the two numbers is doubled in each step.

The pattern followed here is:

So, the next number that would come in the series would be 33

Hence, "33" is the correct answer.

Logic : the difference between two number is doubled in each step.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

Hence, "162" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

7 - 3 =  4 → 4 × 2 =  8 → (8)² = 64

5 - 5 = 0 → 0 × 2 = 0 → (0)² = 0

11 - 8 = 3 → 3 × 2 = 6 → (6)² = 36

Similarly,

8 - 2 = 6 → 6 × 2 = 12 → (12)² = 144

So, the missing number is 144

Hence, "144" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

From the first column,

9 × 8 × 3 = 216

Similarly,

6 × ? × 5 = 900

30 × ? = 900

? = 900 ÷ 30

? = 30

So, the missing number is 30

Hence, "30" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

4 × 3 - 2 = 12 - 2 = 10

10 × 3 - 2 = 30  - 2 = 28

28 × 3 - 2 = 84 - 2 = 82

82 × 3 - 2 = 246 - 2 = 244 

244 × 3 - 2 = 732 - 2 = 730

So, 28 will complete the series.

Hence,"28"  is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

⇒ 10000 + (\(\frac{1}{10 }\)× 10000) = 10000 + 1000 = 11000

⇒ 11000 - (\(\frac{1}{10 }\) × 11000) = 11000 - 1100 = 9900

⇒ 9900 + ( \(\frac{1}{10 }\) × 9900) = 9900 + 990 = 10890

⇒ 10890 - ( \(\frac{1}{10 }\) × 10890) = 10890 - 1089 = 9801

 = 9801 + 980.1 = 10781.1 which is equivalent to 10781

Hence, "10781" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "728".

Alternate Method

(3)¹ + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4

(3)² - 1 = 9 - 1 = 8

(3)³ + 1 = 27 + 1 = 28

(3)⁴ - 1 = 81 - 1 = 80

(3)⁵ + 1 = 243 + 1 = 244

(3)⁶ - 1 = 729 - 1 = 728

So, In place of '?' 728 will come.

Hence, "728" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is as follows:

Hence, "375" is the correct answer.

Option 1)  ab aba bb ba a ab

Option 2)  ab ab / abab /abab

Option 3) ba aba ab ba b ab

Option 4)  bb aba ab ba a ab

Hence, "abbab" is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, A is granddaughter of D or D is maternal grandfather of A.

Hence, ‘granddaughter’ is the correct answer.

The sequence is mopn mopn mopn mopn.

Hence, ‘mnpmon’ is the correct set of letters.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

1) N is brother of B. → False (As, gender of ‘N’ is not known)

2) N is brother of D. → False (As, gender of ‘N’ is not known)

3) M is brother of B. → True

4) None of these → False (As ‘3’ is true)

Hence, ‘M is brother of B’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Hence, ‘KSU’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

ADVENTURE

DVENTURE → ‘A’, the letter at the extreme left end is eliminated.

DVENTUR → ‘E’, the letter at the extreme right end is eliminated.

VENTUR → ‘D’, the letter at the extreme left end is eliminated.

VENTU → ‘R’, the letter at the extreme right end is eliminated.

Hence, ‘VENTUR’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘10-7-20-13-11-24’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Similarly,

Hence, ‘63568’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

ZIP = [Z (26) - I (9) + P (16)] × 6 = (26 - 9 + 16) × 6 = 33 × 6 = 198

ZAP = [Z (26) - A (1) + P (16)] × 6 = (26 - 1 + 16) × 6 = 41 × 6 = 246

Similarly,

VIP = [V (22) - I (9) + P (16)] × 6 = (22 - 9 + 16) × 6 = 29 × 6 = 174

Hence, ‘174’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘EJKNFTGP’ is the correct answer.

In the two dice shown above, '1' is the common face on both the dice which implies that 4, 5, 3 and 6 are adjacent to '1' and the remaining face '2' is opposite to '1'.

Clearly, when there is 1 above the dice, then the number '2' will be in the bottom.

Hence, ‘2’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Logic:- Consonant + 1, Vowel +0

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘TOOT’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

The code for RED is obtained when the numbers are written from right end to left end.

Similarly,

The numbers when written from right end to left end, the code obtained for GREEN is 1677209.

Hence, ‘1677209’ is the correct answer.

The total number of triangles in the given figure is shown below:

Hence, ‘22 or more’ is the correct answer.

The letters in the diagram which represents the students who play football as well as hockey along with cricket is shown below:

Hence, ‘S’ is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is:          

Conclusions:

I. All the elderly are women. → False (As, All teachers are elderly and some women are teachers → Some elderly are women)

II. Some women are elderly. → True (As, All teachers are elderly and some women are teachers → Some women are elderly)

Hence, only conclusion II follows.

The least possible Venn diagram is:          

Conclusions:

I. Some runners are skaters. → True (As, All skaters are good swimmers and All good swimmers are runners → Some runners are skaters)

II. Some skaters are good swimmers. → True (As, All skaters are good swimmers and All good swimmers are runners → Some skaters are good swimmers)

Hence, both conclusions I and II follow.

The Venn diagram that correctly represents the relationship between Humans, Birds, and Animals is shown below:

All Humans are Animals: Biologically, humans belong to the species Homo sapiens, which is a part of the Animal Kingdom.

All Birds are Animals: Birds belong to the class Aves, which is also a major group within the Animal Kingdom.

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The Venn diagram that correctly represents the relationship between Fruits, Apples, and Oranges is shown below:

Apple and Oranges are name of fruits.

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

When the mirror is placed on the MN line, then the answer figure which is the correct reflection of the image of the question figure is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The answer figure that will complete the pattern in the question figure is shown below:

Hence, 'option 1’ is the correct answer.

The answer figure that will complete the pattern in the question figure is shown below:

Hence, 'option 3’ is the correct answer.

The answer figure that will complete the pattern in the question figure is shown below:

Hence, 'option 3’ is the correct answer.

The question figure can be made by using the answer figure 4, which is shown below:

Put the two dots at the center of the circle, the 'V' shaped image below the two circles and the two curves at the top of the two circles, we get a figure similar to that of the question figure.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The given question figure can be made from the given pieces of answer figure 2, which is shown below:

Join the four triangles at each corner of the octagon and put the dot and circle in the middle of the octagon. Also, attach the four lines at the four sides of the octagon, we get the question figure.

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The word formed by each option is shown below:

1. 75, 86, 12, 67, 99 → M, T, N, N, P

2. 20, 97, 42, 14, 56 → M, N, N, S, V

3. 75, 34, 58, 13, 30 → M, A, A, G, O

4. 20, 03, 21, 00, 30 → M, A, N, G, O

Hence, ‘20, 03, 21, 00, 30’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Chlorophyll.

• Chlorophyll is the green substance that performs photosynthesis in plants.

Key Points

• Photosynthesis:
• In the presence of water, light, chlorophyll, and carbon dioxide, the formation of carbohydrates in the plant is called photosynthesis.
• Terrestrial plants take CO₂ from the atmosphere whereas aquatic plants use carbon dioxide mixed in water.
• Water enters into cells of the leaves through osmosis and CO₂ through diffusion from the atmosphere or released during respiration.
• The green colour of the plants is due to the presence of chlorophyll.
• There is an atom of magnesium in the centre of chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll absorbs the violet, blue, and red colour of light.
• The rate of photosynthesis is maximum in red light and is minimum in violet light.
• The process of photosynthesis is a reaction of oxidation and reductions.

The correct answer is Kerala.

• The 'Silent Valley' or 'Mook Ghati' is located in Kerala.

Key Points

• Silent Valley is located in the Palakkad district of Kerala.
• British coined the name 'Silent Valley' in 1847 because of a perceived absence of noisy s.
• The valley is famous for Silent Valley National Park.
• It was established in December 1984.

The correct answer is Mandovi River.

• Goa is situated on the Mandovi River.

Key Points

• Mandovi river:
• It is also known as the Mahadayi river.
• The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two primary rivers in Goa and are called the Lifeline of Goa.
• The river originates in the Western Ghats.
• It drains in the Arabian Sea.

Additional Information

• Narmada River:
• Origin: Amarkantak
• Drainage: Arabian Sea
• Cities on its bank: Jabalpur, Hoshangabad, Omkareshwar, Maheshwar.
• Tapi River:
• Origin: Satpura Range
• Drainage: Gulf of Khambhat
• Cities on its bank: Surat, Burhanpur,  Akola, Buldhana, Washim, Jalgaon and Dhule.
• Pennar River:
• Origin: Nandi Hills
• Drainage: Bay of Bengal.
• Cities on its bank: Chikkaballapur, Gauribidanur, Hindupur, Ananthapur, Tadipatri Proddatur, Kadapa and Nellore

The deficiency of Vitamin - D causes rickets in humans.

Key Points

Vitamin-D:

• The chemical name of Vitamin D is Cholecalciferol.
• Its deficiency causes rickets.
• It was discovered by Edward Mellanby.
• It is fat-soluble.
• It is found in Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Marasmus.

• Protein-calorie malnutrition results in Marasmus.

Key Points

• Protein-calorie malnutrition results in kwashiorkor and marasmus.
• Kwashiorkor is an acute**, severe protein-calorie malnutrition** that results in oedema and hair changes.
• Marasmus is the chronic form of kwashiorkor and causes apathy and growth failure.

Additional Information

• Rickets and Valk-Skin are caused due to deficiency of Vitamin D.
• Beri-Beri is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin B1.

The correct answer is In the Antarctic Camp.

• In the Antarctic Camp, the value of 'g' (gravity) is the highest.

Key Points

• Gravity:
• The acceleration due to gravity is the rate of increase of velocity of a body falling freely towards the earth.
• It is represented by \(g= {GM_e \over R^2_e}\).

where Me is the mass of the earth and Re is the radius of the earth.

• The value of g at the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/s².
• Variation in g:
• Value of g decreases with height or depth from the earth’s surface.
• g is maximum at poles. Hence, it will be maximum at the Camp in Antarctica
• g is minimum at the equator.
• g decreases due to the rotation of the earth.
• g decreases if the angular speed of earth increases and increases if the angular speed of earth decreases

Additional Information

• The value of g on the Moon is 1/6^th of that on the earth.

The correct answer is Pancreas.

• Malfunction of the pancreas causes diabetes.

Key Points

• Pancreas:
• It is the second-largest gland of the human body.
• It acts simultaneously as an endocrine and exocrine type of gland.
• Groups of pancreatic cells are called Islets of Langerhans
• Insulin is secreted by β-Cells of islets of Langerhans.
• It controls the process of making glycogen from glucose.
• Diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of insulin.
• Excessive flow of insulin causes hypoglycemia in which one loses the producing capacity and vision deterioration.

Additional Information

• Liver:
• It is the largest gland of the human body.
• Bile juice is secreted through the liver.
• Kidney:
• The function of the kidneys is the purification of blood plasma, i.e. to excrete the unwanted nitrogenous waste substances through urination.
• Heart:
• The function of the heart is to deliver blood to every part of your body.

The correct answer is Virus.

• Ebola is a virus.

Key Points

• Virus:
• The virus was discovered by Russian scientist Dmitri Ivanovsky.
• Viruses are ultra-microscopic particles.
• They are a connecting link between the living and nonliving organisms.
• Characteristics of a Virus:
• They become active inside living cells.
• Nucleic acids replicate themselves and reproduce rapidly.
• They cause diseases like bacteria and fungi.
• Ebola Virus:
• It is also known as the Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF).
• Ebola is named after the river in Africa where the disease was first recognized in 1976.
• Diseases caused due to viruses:
• ​Small Pox, Measles, Mumps, Herpes, Dengue, Common Cold and AIDS.

Additional Information

• Bacteria:
• It was discovered by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
• Diseases caused due to bacteria:
• Diphtheria, Pneumonia, Cholera, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Plague and Gonorrhoea
• Fungi:
• Fungi are chlorophyll-less, central carriers, tissueless, Thalophytes.
• Diseases caused due to Fungi:
• ​Ringworm and Athlete’s Foot.
• Protozoa:
• It is unicellular.
• Diseases caused due to Protozoa:  
• Malaria, dysentery, Diarrhoea, Kala Azar.

The correct answer is Mountainous areas.

Key Points

• Iodine is an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
• Iodine is widely but unevenly distributed in the earth’s environment.
• Most iodide is found in the oceans (≈50 μg/L), and iodide ions in seawater are oxidized to elemental iodine, which volatilizes into the atmosphere and is returned to the soil by rain, completing the cycle.
• However, iodine cycling in many regions is slow and incomplete, and soils and groundwater become deficient in iodine.
• Crops grown in these soils will be low in iodine, and humans and animals consuming food grown in these soils become iodine deficient.
• Iodine deficient soils are most common in inland regions, mountainous areas, and areas of frequent flooding.
• Iodine deficiency in populations residing in these areas will persist until iodine enters the food chain through the addition of iodine to foods (e.g. iodization of salt) or dietary diversification introduces foods produced in iodine-sufficient areas.

Additional Information

• A goitre is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.
• A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly.

The correct answer is Liver.

• Vitamin-A mainly stored in the liver.

Key Points

• Liver:
• It is the largest gland of the human body.
• Bile juice is secreted through the liver.
• It converts excess amino acid into ammonia by deamination.
• The ammonia is further converted into urea by the ornithine cycle.
• The liver converts some quantity of protein into glucose during the defecation of carbohydrate.
• It regulates the quantity of glucose in the blood.
• It reserves some quantity of iron, copper and vitamin A.

Additional Information

• Vitamin A is called Retinol.
• Its deficiency causes night blindness.

Diseases:

• It is any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.
• A diseased organism commonly exhibits signs or symptoms indicative of its abnormal state.

Explanation:

Types of diseases:

• There are four main types of disease:
• infectious diseases,
• deficiency diseases,
• hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and
• physiological diseases.

​Filariasis:

• ​Filariasis is an infectious tropical disease.
• It is caused by any one of several thread-like parasitic roundworms.
• The two species of worms most often associated with this disease are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
• The larval form of the parasite transmits the disease to humans by the bite of female culex mosquito.
• It causes the human body to swell.

The correct answer is Filaria.

The correct answer is Uniform atmospheric pressure.

• Isobar lines represent Uniform atmospheric pressure.

Key Points

• Isobar is a line drawn on a weather map connecting points of equal pressure.
• It is generated from mean sea level pressure reports and the pressure values are given in millibars.

Additional Information

• Isohume represents the line of equal humidity.
• Isotherm represents the line of equal temperature.
• Isohyets represents the line of uniform rainfall.

The correct answer is Luni.

• Luni river falls into the Rann of Kutch.

Key Points

• Luni River:
• The river originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli Range.
• It is the largest river in the Thar Desert.
• The river flows through Rajasthan and Gujarat
• The river falls into Rann of Kutch.
• Luni is also called the Salt River.
• Rann of Kutch:
• The Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat.

Additional Information

• Sabarmati River:
• Origin: Dhebar Lake.
• Drain:  Arabia Sea.
• Betwa River:
• Origin: Vindhya Range
• Drain: Yamuna River.

The correct answer is Neck.

• The thyroid gland is located in the neck.

Key Points

• Thyroid Gland:
• It produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate-controlling like heart, muscle and digestive function, brain development and bone maintenance.
• Its good functioning depends on a good supply of iodine from the diet.

The correct answer is Sodium chloride.

• Sodium chloride is the chemical name of common salt.

Key Points

• Common salt is chemically called Sodium chloride.
• Its formula is NaCl.

Additional Information

• Calcium carbonate is the chemical name of chalk and lime.
• Its formula is CaCO₃.
• Sodium Carbonate is the chemical name of washing soda.
• Its formula is Na₂CO₃.

The correct answer is On their temperature.

• The colour of the stars depends on their temperature.

Key Points

• Stars:
• Stars are made of hot burning gases.
• They emit light of their own and are very large.
• Light takes about 4.3 years to reach us from the next nearest star Proxima Centauri.
• The colour of the stars depends on their temperature.
• It is as following:
• Small stars are cool having a temperature less than 3000°C with a red-ish appearance.
• Heavy stars are hot, having a temperature over 30,000°C, and have a blue-ish glow.

The correct answer is America.

• Dr Norman E. Borlaug was from America.

Key Points

• Norman Borlaug and Green Revolution:
• Norman Ernest Borlaug was an agronomist from America.
• Green Revolution was launched in the year 1966 and was the brainchild of Norman Borlaug.
• In India, it was made successful by Dr M.S. Swaminathan.
• The term ‘Green Revolution' was coined by Dr William Gaud.
• The achievements of the Green Revolution were the rise in cereal production especially wheat and rice, a change in cropping pattern in favour of wheat, and an increase in employment opportunities.
• In 1970 Norman E. Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for a lifetime of work to feed a hungry world.

The correct answer is carbohydrates.

Key Points

• An iodine test is used to check the presence of carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds in which the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen is 1: 2: 1.
• Carbohydrates are classified into three major groups:
• Monosaccharides
• Oligosaccharides
• Polysaccharides
• In the iodine test if the sample contains carbohydrates then the sample turns blue-black in colour with a few drops of a potassium iodide solution.

Additional Information

• Proteins are tested using the Biuret test for proteins.
• Tests to determine fats are the Acrolein test, Baudouin test, and Hubble's test.

The correct answer is Article - 17.

Key Points

• Article 17 ensures the Abolition of Untouchability.
• Untouchability is a social stigma that was and is imposed on certain classes of people by reason of their birth in certain castes.

Additional Information

• Article 15 deals with the Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
• Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
• Article 18 ensures the Abolition of titles.

The correct answer is Calcium Sulfate hemihydrate.

• The chemical name of Plaster of Paris is Calcium Sulfate hemihydrate.

Key Points

• Plaster of Paris
• It is chemically called calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
• Its formula is (CaSO₄) ½H₂O.
• It is formed from gypsum, which is CaSO4. 2H2O.
• It is used to plaster fractured bones, for making toys, materials for decoration, and for making surfaces smooth.

Additional Information

• Calcium Chloride is a salt, white-colored crystalline solid.
• Its formula is CaCl₂.
• Calcium Nitrate is also known as Norgessalpeter.
• Its chemical formula is Ca(NO₃)₂.

The correct answer is Holstein-Friesian.

• Holstein-Friesian is the world's highest-producing dairy animal.
• They are also known as Holstein Cattle.
• They originated from Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, France,  Switzerland, and Belgium.
• They are a dual-purpose breed used for both dairy and meat.
• They have horns but as calves, they are dehorned.
• They have black and white patched coat and occasionally they can even have a red and white patched coat on their body.
• The gestation period is about nine and a half months.
• Gir cow species are found in India and used for dairy purposes.
• Red-Sindhi is found in India/Pakistan and is used for both dairy and meat purposes.
• Tharparkar cow species are found in India and Pakistan and are used for dairy purposes.

Image of Holstein-Friesian:

The correct answer is done from the date of the first meeting of the Panchayat.

• Panchayati Raj system is the system that ensures the participation of individuals at the grass-root level.
• 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is related to the Panchayati Raj system.
• Part IX (Schedule 11) of the Constitution of India deals with the Panchayati Raj system.
• Rajasthan is the first state to implement the Panchayati Raj system on 2^nd October 1959 in its Nagaur district.
• Haryana and Rajasthan are the state which requires minimum educational qualification to contest the Panchayat elections.
• Arunanchal Pradesh does not reserve seats for Scheduled castes in Panchayati Raj Institutions.
• The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended 3- tier structure consisting of
• Zilla Parishad at the District Level
• Panchayat Samiti at the Block Level
• Gram Panchayat at the Village Level.
• Ashok Mehta Committee appointed in December 1977 by Janata Party Government in 1978 submitted its report stating replacement of 3-tier system by a 2-tier system consisting of Mandal Panchayats at the base and Zila Parishad at the top.
• After the 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act, the Government of Bihar enacted the Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, 1993 and a 3-tier system of Panchayati Raj institutions started functioning in Bihar.
• The Bihar Panchayati Raj Act 1993 was replaced by the Bihar Panchayati Raj Act 2006 and a 3-tier system came into existence after the first general elections held in April/May 2001.
• There are currently 8,406 Panchayats in Bihar. (May 2021)
• The elected body comprising of Gram Sabha members is called Gram Panchayat.
• It is a basic village governing institute in Indian villages.
• It acts as a cabinet of the village and it is a political institute.
• The Gram Panchayats consists of
• Sarpanch
• Panches minimum 6 and maximum 13.
• The chairman of the Gram Panchayat at the village level is called Pradhan.
• The Pradhan is directly elected by the Gram Sabha.
• In Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, the duration of Gram Panchayat is fixed for five years.
• Its counting is done from the date of the first meeting of the Panchayat.
• Article 243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc.—(1) Every Panchayat, unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force, shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no  longer.

The correct answer is  Parliament can legislate on any subject of the State List if the Rajya Sabha passes by a two-thirds majority that the relevant subject of the State List has become of national importance.

• Article 79 to 122 in Part V of the Constitution of India deals with the Parliament.
• The Parliament consists of 
• President
• Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
• House of the People (Lok Sabha).
• The President is the first citizen of India.
• The current president of India - Droupadi Murmu
• Article 52 to Article 78 in part V of the Constitution of India is related to the Union Executive which includes:
• President
• Vice President
• Prime Minister
• Council of Ministers
• Attorney General of India.
• The President is elected by the method called Electoral College.
• The election of President will take place by Secret Ballot.
• in the election of the President of India, only the elected members of both the houses of parliament i.e the Loksabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the State Legislative Assembly can participate.
• in Lok Sabha, two members are nominated by a President who belongs to the Anglo Indian community ( those people whose either mother or father or ancestors are from British).
• According to the 104^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 In January 2020 the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of Indian were abolished.
• The minimum age required to become a member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years.
• Article 110 of the Constitution of India deals with the money bill.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha decides whether a bill is a money bill or not.
• it is introduced only in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President.
• in Rajya Sabha, twelve members are nominated by the President who is having a great contribution in the field of arts, literature, science, and social service.
• The minimum age required to become a member of the Rajya Sabha is 30 years.
• The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• In Rajya Sabha, he can cast votes only in case of an equality of votes. Otherwise, he has no voting rights because he is not a member of the Rajya Sabha.
• Jagdeep Dhankhar is the current Vice President of India. (August 2022)
• Parliament can legislate on any subject of the State List if the Rajya Sabha passes by a two-thirds majority that the relevant subject of the State List has become of national importance.

The correct answer is The national emblem Lauria is derived from the Lion-head of Nandgarh.

• Facts about the national symbols of India:
• The ratio of width and length of the national flag of India is 2 ∶ 3.
• On the wheel of the national flag, the number of sticks is 24 representing 24 hours of the day.
• The Lauria Nandangarh is a location name in the East Champaran District of the state of Bihar of India.
• The full official duration of playing the national tune is 52 seconds. It was composed by Rabindranath Tagore in the Bengali language.
• The song Vande Mataram was composed by Bakimchandra Chatterji in Sanskrit and it is a part of the novel Anand Math (1882).
• The State Emblem is adapted from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
• Peacock is the national bird of India. Its Scientific name is Pavo Cristatus.
• Mango is the king of all fruits. Its Scientific name is Mangifera Indica.
• Tiger is the national animal of India. Its Scientific name is Panthera Tigris.
• Lotus is the national flower of India. Its Scientific name is Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn.
• The national tree of India is the Banyan tree. its Scientific name is Ficus Benghalensis.

The correct answer is less than 1/6 votes.

• In Lok Sabha, two members are nominated by a President who belongs to the Anglo-Indian community ( those people whose either mother or father or ancestors are from British).
• According to the 104^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 In January 2020 the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of Indian were abolished.
• The minimum age required to become a member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years.
• The first speaker of the Lok Sabha is Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar (1952-1956) and the first female speaker was Meira Kumar (2009-2014).
• Article 110 deals with the money bill.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha has the power to decide whether a bill is a money bill or not.
• It is introduced only in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President.
• As per Section 34 1 (a) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 it is compulsory for the general candidates to deposit a security amount of Rs. 25,000 in case of Parliamentary Constituency and Rs. 10,000 in case of Assembly Constituency.
• As per Section 34 1 (b) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 it is compulsory for the Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribe candidates to deposit a security amount of Rs. 12,500 in case of Parliamentary Constituency and Rs. 5,000 in case of Assembly Constituency.
• In the election to the Lok Sabha or the Legislative Assembly, a candidate shall lose the amount of his bail if he is voted by less than 1/6 votes of total valid votes.

The correct answer is Bombay.

Key Points

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded by Allan Octavian Hume on 28^th December 1885.
• The first session of INC was held in Bombay at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Collegeram.
• The first President of the INC session held in Bombay was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.
• 72 delegates attended the session.
• The important leaders during the foundation of INC were Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyyabji, Anand Mohan Bose, R.C Dutt, Pherozshah Mehta, G.K Gokhale, G. Subramaniyam Aiyyar, Dinshaw Vacha, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Madan Mohan Malviya, etc.
• Formerly Indian National Congress was known as Indian National Union.
• The INC was formed during the tenure of Lord Dufferin (Viceroy of India from 1884-1888).

The correct answer is 55.

• In Lok Sabha, two members are nominated by a President who belongs to the Anglo-Indian community ( those people whose either mother or father or ancestors are from British).
• According to the 104^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 In January 2020 the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of Indian were abolished.
• The minimum age required to become a member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years.
• The first speaker of the Lok Sabha is Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar (1952-1956) and the first female speaker was Meira Kumar (2009-2014).
• Article 110 deals with the money bill.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha has the power to decide whether a bill is a money bill or not.
• It is introduced only in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President.
• One party claims to be the opposition party in the Lok Sabha if it has a  minimum of 55 (10% of the total seats of 545) MPs (Member of Parliaments) in the Lok Sabha.

The correct answer is seven days later.

• The elected body comprising of Gram Sabha members is called Gram Panchayat.
• It is a basic village governing institute in Indian villages.
• It acts as a cabinet of the village and it is a political institute.
• The Gram Panchayats consists of 
• Sarpanch
• Panches minimum 6 and maximum 13.
• The chairman of the Gram Panchayat at the village level is called Pradhan.
• The Pradhan is directly elected by the Gram Sabha.
• A member of the Gram Panchayat may resign and submit a handwritten application to the Mukhiya.
• Seven days later after submitting the application will the resignation be considered effective.
• The following are the mandatory functions of a Gram Panchayat:
• Levying and collecting local taxes.
• Executing Government schemes that are related to employment.
• Maintaining and Constructing water resources, village roads, drainage, school buildings, and common property resources (CPR).
• Various issues are discussed in Gram Panchayat which is as follows:
• Below Poverty Line Benefits (BPL).
• Tracking misuse of money.
• The undue favor was done to the group of people.
• Social issues and water problems.

The correct answer is 1951.

Key Points

• The first general elections held after independence in India were held from 25^th October 1951 to 21^st February 1952.
• It was the largest election conducted at the time.
• A total of 53 parties and 533 independent candidates contested the 489 seats in the election.
• There were 17,32,00,000 voters excluding the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the general election of 1951.
• Out of the 489 seats in the Lok Sabha 245 seats were needed for a majority.
• Indian National Congress won 364 out of 489 seats and 45% of the total votes polled.
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of India.
• The elections in India are conducted by the independent constitutional body called the Election Commission of India.
• Sukumar Sen was the First Chief Election Commissioner of India and the current Chief Election Commissioner of India is Sushil Chandra. (May 2021)

The correct answer is 75 ∶ 25

• The expenditure of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme is shared between the Central Government and the State Governments in the following manner:
• Wages for unskilled manual workers: 100% funded by the Central Government.
• Material costs and administrative expenses: Shared in a 75:25 ratio, where the Central Government contributes 75%, and the State Government contributes 25%.

Additional Information

• The NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) is also known as Mahatma Gandhi Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
• The NREGA was renamed as MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act).
• It guarantees the right to work and is an Indian labor law and social security measure.
• The UPA (United Progressive Alliance) Government of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh passed the act in September 2005.
• The act was passed on 22^nd June 2005 and the bill was published on 22^nd March 2005.
• The act was introduced by the Minister of Rural Development Raghuvansh Prasad Singh.
• The act was launched on 2^nd February 2006 and it is still in force.
• The objective of the act is to enhance security and livelihood in rural areas by providing at least a hundred days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members is volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
• The act was first proposed in the year 1991 by P.

V. Narasimha Rao.

The correct answer is Third Five-Year Plan.

Key Points

• First five-year plan was launched from 1951-1956 under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
• It was based on the Harrod-Domar model.
• The targeted growth rate of the plan was 2.1%.
• The plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 3.6% which was more than its target.
• The agricultural development of the country was the major objective of the plan.
• At the end of this plan, five IITs were set up in the country.

Additional Information

• The third Five Year Plan was launched from 1961-1966 under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The Deputy Chairman of the Planning commission at the time of the third five-year plan was D. R. Gadgil.
• The plan was also known as the Gadgil Yojana.
• The independent economy, agriculture, and improvement in the production of wheat were the major objectives of the plan.
• The third Five Year Plan was affected due to drought and two wars (Sino-India war of 1962 and Indo-Pakistani war of 1965).
• The fifth Five year Plan was launched from 1974-1978.
• Eradication of poverty, employment, and justice was the major objective of the Fifth Five Year Plan.
• The plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 4.8%.
• Indian National Highway system was introduced.
• The newly elected Morarji Desai Government in 1978 terminated the plan.
• The seventh Five Year Plan was launched from 1985-1990 under the leadership of Rajiv Gandhi.
• The private sector was given priority over the public sector for the first time.
• The targeted growth rate of the plan was 5%.
• The plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 6.01%.
• The establishment of a self-sufficient economy, opportunities for productive employment, up-gradation of technology, accelerating food grain production, raising productivity with a focus on food work and productivity were the major objectives of the Seventh Five Year Plan.

The correct answer is Sahajanand Saraswati.

• Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha was formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in year 1929.
• It was formed to mobilize the grievances of peasants against the attacks of Zamindars on their rights of occupancy and thus sparking India's farmer's movement.

Additional Information