Bihar Police Constable Memory Based Paper (Held On: 14 Mar 2021) (Previous Year Paper)

Concept:

When capacitors are connected in parallel, the total capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitors' capacitances.

$C_{{eq}}(parallel) = {C_1} + {C_2} + {C_3} + \ldots + {C_4}$

When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is less than the least capacitance connected in series.

$\frac{1}{{{C_{eq}(series)}}} = \frac{1}{{{C_1}}} + \frac{1}{{{C_2}}} + \ldots + \frac{1}{{{C_n}}}$

Calculation:

For the two 6 F capacitors connected in parallel, the resultant capacitance will be:

C_net = 6 + 6 = 12 F

Also, the two 2F capacitors connected in series connection will be equivalent to a single capacitor of value:

C_net = 2/2 = 1 F

The resultant circuit is drawn as:

Since the 1 F and 12 F capacitors are connected in parallel, the net capacitance will be:

C_net = 1 + 12 = 13 F

The correct answer is Judiciary and The Changing World.

Key Points

• The International Judicial Conference was held in New Delhi on 22^nd Feb 2020.
• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the International Judicial Conference in New Delhi.
• Distinguished Judges of the Supreme Court, as well as various High Courts, Eminent lawyers and delegates from overseas, also took part in the Conference.
• The theme of this conference was “Judiciary and The Changing World”.

The correct answer is Haryana.

• The forest cover of Haryana is only 1588 sq km which is 3.59% of the total geographical area of the state.
• Haryana is more dependent on agriculture, so most of its lands have been utilized.
• Rakhigarhi and Bhirrana sites of Indus Valley Civilisation found here.

Punjab:-

• The forest cover of Punjab is only 1837 sq km which is 3.65% of the total geographical area of the state.
• Like Haryana, Punjab is also more dependent on agriculture, so most of the lands have been utilized.
• Ropar, an Indus valley civilization site found here.

Tripura:-

• The forest cover of Tripura is only 7726 sq km which is 73.68% of the total geographical area of the state.
• Area wise it is the 3rd smallest state of India.

Goa:-

• The forest cover of Goa is only 2229 sq km which is 60.21% of the total geographical area of the state.
• Area wise it is the smallest state of India.
• It was annexed by India in 1961.

The correct answer is 2.97%.

Key Points

• The Gross State Domestic Product of Bihar for 2020-21 is projected to be Rs. 6,85,797 crore.
• This is 11.1% higher than the revised estimate for 2019-20.
• GSDP for 2019-20 (at current prices) is estimated to be 19.6% higher than that in 2018-19.
• The fiscal deficit is targeted at Rs 20,374 crore (2.97% of GSDP).

The correct answer is Bharatendu Harishchandra.

• Andher Nagari Chaupat Raja” was written by Bharatendu Harishchandra.

Key Points

• Bharatendu Harishchandra:
• Bharatendu Harishchandra was born in Banaras (Varanasi).
• Bharatendu Harishchandra is known as the father of modern Hindi literature.
• He was known by the pen name "Rasa".
• Bharatendu Harishchandra's father Gopal Chandra was also a poet
• Prem Prakalp, Prem Phulwari, and Prem Sarowar are the creation of Bharatendu Harishchandra.

Additional Information

• Some famous works of Bharatendu Harishchandra:
• Prem Malika
• Vinay Prem Pachasa
• Chandravali
• Bharatendu Granthavali
• Bhakta Sarvagya
• Prem Tarang
• Madhumukul

The correct answer is Distance.

Concept:

Light year:

• The distance travelled by light in one year is called as light year.
• It is the unit of astronomical distance.
• 1 light year = 9.461 trillion kilometers which is a very large distance.

Explanation:

• As light year is the distance travelled by light in a year so light year is a unit of distance. Hence option 2 is correct.

Important points:

• We can measure a very large distance with the help of light year. Thus light year is a unit for measurement of very large distance.

The correct answer is hydrogen.

Key Points

• Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
• Example: Magnesium(Mg) + Hydrocholric Acid(HCl) → Magnesium Chloride(MgCl₂)(Metal Salt ) + Hydrogen gas(H₂)
• Hydrogen
• It has atomic number 1 and mass number 1.
• It has the simplest atomic structure among all the elements around us in nature.
• It is the first element in the periodic table.
• It resembles alkali metals as well as halogens in some properties.

Additional Information 

• Carbon dioxide
• It is the non-metal that atomic number is 6 and the mass number is 12.
• Due to the property of catenation( self linking of atoms through covalent bond), carbon is able to exist in allotropic forms.
• Allotropes of Carbon

1. Diamond: the hardest substance on earth.
2. Graphite: It is a hexagonal array structure.
3. Fullerene: only a pure form of carbon and has a shape like a soccer ball.

• Oxygen
• Its atomic number is 8 and its mass number is 16.
• It is the most abundant of all the elements on earth.
• It is paramagnetic in nature.
• Ozone(O3) is an allotropic form of oxygen.
• Nitrogen
• Its atomic number is 7 and its mass number is 14.
• It is inert at room temperature.
• Nitrogen comprises 78% by volume of the atmosphere.​

CONCEPT:

• Surface tension (T) - It is the property by virtue of which the free surface of a liquid at rest behaves like elastic stretched membrane tending to contract to occupy the minimum surface area.
• Surface tension is the elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the least surface area possible. Surface tension is measured in SI units of N/m (newton per meter).
• The cohesive forces among liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension.

The excess pressure (P_ex) inside a soap bubble is given by**:**

P_ex = 4 T/R

where T is surface tension and R is average radius of the soap bubble

The excess pressure (P_ex) inside a liquid drop is given by**:**

P_ex = 2 T/R where R is radius of drop

EXPLANATION:

• As both the liquid drop and the soap bubble have same surface tension and radius then according to above formula, the excess pressure inside a soap bubble is more than that in liquid drop. So option 1 is correct.

• As the soap bubble has two surfaces, so the excess pressure in the soap bubble is two times that in the air bubble or in a liquid droplet.

CONCEPT: 

• The pupil is a hole through which light enters into our eye.
• It controls the amount of light entering the eye.
• Iris is a muscle in our eye that controls the size of the pupil. It dilates and contracts because of which size of the pupil varies.
• So we can say Iris controls the size of the pupil.
• Retina: An image is formed on the retina.
• Ciliary muscles are smooth muscle fibers. When the ciliary muscles relax the lens becomes flat and when they contract the lens becomes thicker. This change in curvature of the eye lens changes the focal length of the eyes.

I

EXPLANATION: 

• The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye. So option 1 is correct.

EXTRA POINTS:

Different parts of the eyes and their functions are shown in the table:

दिये गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 3 'ओष्ठ' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

प ओष्ठ की सहायता से उच्चरित होने वाला व्यंजन है, अत: यह ओष्ठ्य वर्ण है।

हिंदी के वर्णो का उनके उच्चारण स्थान के आधार पर वर्गीकरण :- 

1. कण्ठ्य वर्ण :-जिन वर्णो का उच्चारण कंठ से होता है। कंठ से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे - अ , आ (स्वर) , क, ख , ग, घ, ङ (व्यंजन) और विसर्ग (:)

2. तालव्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो  के उच्चारण में जिहवा का मध्य भाग तालु से स्पर्श करता है। उन्हें तालव्य वर्ण कहते है। तालु से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे - इ , ई(स्वर) , च, छ, ज, झ, ञ , य , श (व्यंजन)

3. मूर्द्धन्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण मूर्द्धा से होता है।  उन्हें मूर्द्धन्य वर्ण कहते है। मूर्द्धा से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे- ऋ (स्वर) , ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, र, ष (व्यंजन)

4. दन्त्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण में जिहवा का अग्र भाग दन्त से स्पर्श करता है।  उन्हें दन्त्य वर्ण कहते है।  दन्त से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे- लृ , त, थ, द, ध, न, ल, स (सभी व्यंजन)

5. ओष्ठ्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण में दोनों होठ स्पर्श करते है। उन्हें ओष्ठ्य वर्ण कहते है। ओष्ठ से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे- उ ,ऊ (स्वर) , प, फ, ब, भ, म (व्यंजन)

6. नासिक्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो का उच्चारण मुँह और नाक दोनों से होता है। उन्हें नासिक्य वर्ण कहते है। नासिका से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे- अं , ङ, ञ , ण , न , म

7. कंठतालव्य वर्ण  :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण में कंठ तथा तालु दोनों का सहयोग होता है।  उन्हें कंठतालव्य वर्ण कहते है। कंठ-तालु से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे- ए , ऐ 

8. कंठोष्ठ्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण में कंठ तथा ओष्ठ दोनों का सहयोग होता है।  उन्हें कंठोष्ठ्य वर्ण कहते है। कंठ-ओष्ठ से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे - ओ , औ 

9. दन्तोष्ठ्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण में दन्त तथा ओष्ठ दोनों का सहयोग होता है।  उन्हें  दन्तोष्ठ्य वर्ण कहते है। दन्त-ओष्ठ से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे - व 

10. वर्त्स्य वर्ण :- जिन अरबी-फ़ारसी वर्णो के उच्चारण ऊपर वाले मसूड़ों के कठोरतम भाग से होते है , उन्हें वर्त्स्य वर्ण कहते है।  वर्त्स्य से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे - फ़ और ज़। 

11. जिह्वामूलक वर्ण :- जिन अरबी- फ़ारसी वर्णो का उच्चारण जिहवा के पीछे के भाग से होता है।  उन्हें जिह्वामूलक वर्ण कहते है। जिह्वामूलक से उच्चारित वर्ण जैसे - क़ , ख़ और ग़। 

12. अलिजिह्वा/काकल्य वर्ण :- जिन वर्णो के उच्चारण में मुख खुला रहता है , तथा वायु कंठ को खोलकर झटके से बाहर निकलती है।  उन्हें अलिजिह्वा वर्ण या काकल्य वर्ण कहते है।  जैसे - ह। 

Additional Information

The correct answer is Option 2, i.e Sodium Chloride.

• The substance that is usually lost by the body during dehydration is Sodium chloride.
• Dehydration, loss of water from the body, is almost invariably associated with some loss of salt (sodium chloride) as well.
• The treatment of any form of dehydration, therefore, requires not only the replacement of the water lost from the body but also the restoration of the normal concentration of salt within the body fluid.
• Dehydration may be caused by restricted water intake, excessive water loss, or both.
• Prolonged dehydration destroys the normal distribution of salt and water in the body.
• The plasma volume decreases, and the blood viscosity increases.
• As a result of these changes renal function is impaired, the urinary output falls, and waste products accumulate.

The correct answer is Pupil.

Key Points

• Pupil plays an important role in regulating the amount of light entering into the eye.
• The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina.
• It appears black because light rays entering the pupil are either absorbed by the tissues inside the eye directly or absorbed after diffuse reflections within the eye.
• The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye.

​ 

• Cornea:
• Light enters the eye through a thin membrane called the cornea.
• It is the eye’s outermost layer.
• It is the clear, dome­shaped surface that covers the front of the eye.
• It plays an important role in focusing on our vision.
• Crystalline Lens:
• The lens is a transparent structure in the eye that is suspended immediately behind the iris that brings rays of light to a focus on the retina.
• The crystalline lens is the name given to the natural lens that humans are born with.
• Sclera: 
• The sclera is the part of the eye commonly known as the “white.”
• It forms the supporting wall of the eyeball and is continuous with the clear cornea.

The Zonal Headquarters of East Central Railways is situated in Hajipur.

Key Points

Battle of Wandiwash(Jan22,1760), was fought between the French, under Comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. The French lost this battle and were thereafter confined to Pondicherry,which they surrendered on Jan 16,1761.

• Lithium is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3.
• It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal.
• It is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element.

The correct answer is Koushalya Baishantri.

Dohra Abhishap is an autobiography of Koushalya Baishantri.

Key Points

• Koushalya Baishantri's 'Dohra Abhishap' is the first Dalit woman autobiography.
• It was published in 1999.

Additional Information

• Sushila Takbhoure's autobiography 'Shikanje ka Dard' is a significant achievement in Dalit literature which was published in 2011.

The correct answer is Apni Keval Dhar.

Key Points

• Apni Keval Dhar is well-known works of Arun Kamal.
• It is one of the acclaimed works of Arun Kamal's earlier collection.
• The poem is generally made of common sense that the poet has made a proper memorandum of humility and gratitude to the common man in it.
• He gives credit to the masses of the metal-elements from which his creativity and ideas were created.

Additional Information

• Gita Govinda
• The Gita Govinda is the work of Jayadeva, a 12^th-century poet.
• The poem describes the relationship between Gopis and Krishna of Vrindavana.
• Abhinaya Darpana Prakasha
• It has been composed by Jadunatha Sinha.
• Odissi, originally from Orissa, is a dance of love and passion touching on the divine and the human, the sublime and the mundane.
• Odissi has derived a great deal from the Abhinaya Darpana Prakasha by Jadunatha Sinha, the Abhinaya Chandrika by Rajmani Patra, and the Abhinaya Chandrika by Maheshwara Mahapatra.
• Madhushala:-
• It is a book of 135 verses of four lines penned by Harivansh Rai Bachchan.
• It was originally published in 1935.

Option 1 is correct:

• Muhyiddin Yassin has been sworn in as the Prime Minister of Malaysia.

• He is the 8^th Prime Minister of the country.

• He was sworn in after Mahathir Mohamad, the 7th Prime Minister resigned after his coalition government broke up.

• Yassin is the President of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party.

• He has served the posts of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs.

‘कान खड़े होना’ मुहावरे का अर्थ विकल्प 4 'सचेत होना' होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं हैं।

• 'कान खड़े होना' का अर्थ- सचेत होना
• वाक्य प्रयोग- पहले से ही कान खड़े रहते हैं तो हर काम अच्छा ही होता है।

अन्य विकल्प:

‘मुहावरे’ का अर्थ बोलचाल की भाषा में सांकेतिक रूप से किसी भाव को प्रकट करना होता है। जैसे- आँखों से गिरना, आकाश से बातें करना आदि।

Also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in the Indian Subcontinent, an order that believed in drawing close to God through renunciation of the world and service to humanity. 

The correct answer is Singrauli.

Key Points

• Coal Mines are located in Singrauli, Sohagpur, Johila, Umaria, Satpura district in Madhya Pradesh.
• It is the process of extracting coal from the ground.
• Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s, has been widely used to generate electricity.
• Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production.

The correct answer is Panchayati Raj.

• Panchayati Raj committee:
• Balwant Rai Mehta 1957.
• Thungon committee: 1988.
• Ashok Mehta 1977.
• Examined and gave 132 recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj system in the country.
• The committee suggested strengthening the Panchayati raj system.
• It recommended that the Panchayati Raj should be changed from the 3-tier system of Panchayati Raj to the 2-tier system.

• Electoral Reform:
• Goswami committee in the year 1990.
• Vohra committee in 1993.
• Indrajeet Gupta committee in 1998
• Second administrative reform in the year 2008,
• All the committee suggested reforms in the electoral system.
• Police reforms:
• ​Gore Committee on Police Training,
• The National Police Commission.
• The Ribeiro Committee on Police Reforms,
• The Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms.
• Tax reform:
• ​Raja Chelliah Committee: to lay out the agenda for reforming India's tax system.
• Vijay Kelkar Committee.

The correct answer is, 'Earthquake and the damage they cause'.

Key Points

• The passage is talking about the 'earthquake'.
• Let us refer to the passage, ' An earthquake strikes without warning. When it does, its power is immense. If it strikes a modern city, the damage it causes is as great as if it has struck a primitive village. Gas mains burst, explosions are caused and fires are started. Underground railways are wrecked. Bulidings collapse, bridges fall, dams burst, gaping crevices appear in busy streets. If the quake strikes at sea, huge tidal waves sweep inland. If it strikes in mountain regions, avalanches roar down into the valley'.
• From these lines, it can be inferred that the passage is highlighting the damage that is caused by the earthquake.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

​The correct answer is: the earthquake and the damage they cause.

Additional Information

Let's look at the meaning of some of the words mentioned in the passage:

• Immense: extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.
• Wrecked: destroy or severely damage (a structure, vehicle, or similar).
• Crevices: a narrow opening or fissure, especially in a rock or wall.

The correct answer is 7%.

Key Points

• The service sectors in India had an estimated growth rate of nearly seven percent in the financial year 2020, marking a decrease of 0.7 percent in growth compared to the previous year.
• These services included trade, hospitality, transport and communication services, finance, real estate, and public administration.

Additional Information

• The services sector accounts for 54.77% of the total India's GVA of 183.43 lakh crore Indian rupees.
• With GVA of Rs. 50.40 lakh crore, the Industry sector contributes 27.48%.
• While Agriculture and allied sector share 17.76%.

Concept:

Natural Number

A natural number is an integer greater than 0. Natural numbers begin at 1 and increment to infinity

1, 2, 3, 4, ........ 

Multiplication of matrix

A.B =  $\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} e & f \\ g & h \end{bmatrix}$  = $\begin{bmatrix} ae + bg & af + bh \\ ce + dg & cf + dh \end{bmatrix}$                     

Calculation:

Given

A = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Aⁿ = ?

n = 1, 2, 3, ......

A¹ = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$        ....(i)

A² = A. A = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

= $\begin{bmatrix} 1 + 0 & x + x \\ 0 + 0 & 0 + 1 \end{bmatrix}$ 

A2 = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$      ....(ii)

A³ = A2 . A =  $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

=  $\begin{bmatrix} 1 + 0 & x + 2x \\ 0 + 0 & 0 + 1 \end{bmatrix}$

A³ = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3x \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$      ....(iii)

By Seeing the pattern in eq (i), eq (ii) and eq (iii)

we can say 

Aⁿ = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & nx \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Additional Information

Natural Numbers  - {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}

Whole Numbers - {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}

Integers - {… , - 2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …}

Rational numbers -   1/2, 3/4, 7/2, - 4/3, 4/1

Real numbers - 0.5, 0.75 2.35, - 0.073, 0.3333, π, √2

The correct answer is The President on the resolution of parliament passed by a special majority.

• A Judge of the Supreme Court (and also High Court) can be removed from his position by President only on the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity.
• The power for investigation and proof of such misbehavior or incapacity is vested in the parliament.
• Each house, in order to remove the judge, will have to pass a resolution, which is supported by 2/3rd of members present and voting and majority of the total membership of the house {absolute + special majority}

• Dr. Sacchidanand was the Chairman of the inaugural session of the constituent assembly.
• He was appointed temporarily.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Dr, Rajendra Prasad was the President of the Assembly.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India.

करुण रस का स्थाई भाव शोक होता है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः सही विकल्प 3 ‘शोक​’ है।

• करुण रस का स्थाई भाव शोक होता है।
• जहां किसी हानि के कारण शोक भाव उपस्थित होता है , वहां 'करुण रस' उपस्थित होता है। पर हानि किसी अनिष्ट किसी के निधन अथवा प्रेमपात्र के चिर वियोग के कारण संभव होता है। शास्त्र के अनुसार ‘शोक’ नामक स्थाई भाव अपने अनुकूल विभाव , अनुभाव एवं संचारी भावों के सहयोग से अभिव्यक्त होकर जब आस्वाद का रूप धारण कर लेता है तब उसे करुण रस कहा जाता है।
• प्रिय जन का वियोग , बंधु , विवश , पराधव , खोया ऐश्वर्य , दरिद्रता , दुख पूर्ण परिस्थितियां ,आदि आलंबन है। प्रिय व्यक्ति की वस्तुएं , सुर्खियां , यश एवं गुण कथन संकटपूर्ण परिस्थितियां आदि उद्दीपन विभाव है।
• करुण रस के अनुभाव – रोना , जमीन पर गिरना , प्रलाप करना , छाती पीटना , आंसू बहाना , छटपटाना आदि अनुभाव है।

इसके अंतर्गत निर्वेद , मोह , जड़ता , ग्लानि , चिंता , स्मृति , विषाद , मरण , घृणा आदि संचारी भाव आते हैं।

• Marginal propensity to consume refers to the ratio of change in consumption expenditure to change in total income.
• MPC = Change in consumption (ΔC) / Change in Income (ΔY)
• The marginal propensity to consume lies between 0 to 1 as we know incremental income is either spent on consumption or saved for future use.
• If the entire income is consumed, i.e. ΔS = 0, then MPC = 1 and if entire additional income is saved, i.e. ΔC = 0, then MPC = 0. So, 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is, 'What is the difference between vertical and horizontal reservation?'

Key Points

• Let's see the meaning of each word given in the Hindi sentence:
• ऊर्ध्वाधर: Vertical.
• क्षैतिज आरक्षण: Horizontal reservation
• बीच अंतर: Difference between.
• क्या: What
• Therefore, the correct English translation will be 'What is the difference between vertical and horizontal reservation?'
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: What is the difference between vertical and horizontal reservation?

The term biodiversity was first used by American botanist Walter G. Rosen.

• A Passage to England was authored by Nirad C Chaudhuri
• The book shows the author's impressions on the way of living in England at his first visit
• It was written when the author was at the age of 57
• The book was first published in 1959

Additional Information

• A Passage to India is a 1924 novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian independence movement in the 1920s.
• It was selected as one of the 100 great works of 20th-century English literature by the Modern Library and won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction

Algebraic Identities:

a² - b² = (a + b)(a - b)  

Calculations:

${[ (0.1)^2 − (0.01)^2 ] \over 0.0001} + 2$

⇒ ${[ (0.1 + 0.01) (0.1 − 0.01) ] \over 0.0001} + 2$

⇒ ${[ (0.1 + 0.01) (0.1 − 0.01) ] \over 0.0001} + 2$

⇒ ${[ (0.11) (0.09) ] \over 0.0001} + 2$

⇒ ${[ (0.0099) ] \over 0.0001} + 2$

⇒ ${[ (0.0099) ] \over 0.0001} + 2$

⇒ 101

The correct answer is San Francisco Conference.

• The United Nations Charter was signed by 51 original members of the United Nations in 1945 at the San Francis conference 850 delegates from 51 nations deliberated, discussed, and finalised the charter which initially led into 4 sections.
• It was passed unanimously on 26th June 1945.

Important Points

• The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945.
• United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.
• The main organs of the UN are:

1. the General Assembly
2. the Security Council
3. the Economic and Social Council
4. the Trusteeship Council
5. the International Court of Justice
6. and the UN Secretariat

• All the 6 were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.
• The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.

Additional Information

• London conference (officially named as Declaration of St James' palace) was signed on 12th June 1941.
• This conference led to the idea of the formation of the United Nation,
• The Hague Conference, 1954 is related to the protection of cultural property in the Event of Armed Conflict.
• The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885, also known as the Congo Conference or West Africa Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa.

The correct answer is 1 year.

Key Points

• The term of the Estimates Committee is 1 year.
• The Estimate Committee consists of 30 members from Lok Sabha who are elected by the Lok Sabha every year amongst its members.
• The Chairman of the committee is elected by the Speaker from among its members.
• The main function of the Committee on Estimates is to examine the appropriation accounts and the financial accounts of the Union Government and any other accounts placed before the Lok Sabha.
• The Committee also examines the accounts of state corporations, trading and manufacturing projects, and the audit report of CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General of India).
• It is the largest committee of Parliament.

The term Satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi. According to Gandhiji, Satyagraha means fighting injustice by voluntarily submitting oneself to suffering.

Important Points

Champaran Struggle of 1917 was the first Satyagraha by Mahatma Gandhi.

• The major problem of Champaran in Bihar was of the Indigo Planters.
• The European planters forced the peasant to grow Indigo on 3/20th of the total land area.
• Peasants were also forced to sell their produce at the prices fixed by the Europeans.
• When the German syntactic dyes replaced Indigo, the planters demanded high rents and illegal dues from the peasants in order to maximise their profit.
• For the first time, the peasants were drawn into political agitation under a new type of leadership.
• This movement is considered important because this marked the beginning of the mass movement era.

Additional Information

Lets' look at the other Satyagraha:

• Ahmedabad Satyagraha-  Gandhi was invited by Anusuya Sarabhai to take up their cause with the mill owners.
• There was an industrial conflict because the mill owners withdrew the plague-bonus.
• This withdrawal came at a time when the workers were already facing hard times from unusual high prices caused by World War One.
• Gandhiji intervened in a dispute between the workers and mill owners and he took a fast unto death to force a compromise
• Kheda Satyagraha- In the Kheda district, Peasants were struggling with the destruction of crops due to late rains, a sudden rise in agricultural wages, a high rate of inflation and the outbreak of bubonic plague.
• The peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue and were demanding that revenue collection be relaxed instead the British government raised the revenue.
• Local leaders, already running no revenue Campaign, through the Gujarat Sabha they got in touch with Gandhi in January 1918, but it was not until 22 March that Gandhi decided to launch a satyagraha in their support.
• Bardoli Satyagraha-  In 1925, Bardoli was hit by floods and famines which affected their crop yield. 
• As a result, the farmers were affected financially.
• Ignoring the plight of the farmers, the Bombay Presidency increased the tax rates by 22%.
• The farmers in Bardoli invited Vallabhai Patel to launch the protest movement wherein all of them resolved not to pay taxes.

The correct answer is Yukti Yojana.

Key Points

• Yukti Yojana, a unique public-private partnership between the Government of Bihar and Ipas Development Foundation.
• Under this Yojana, women receive high-quality, free-of-cost abortion care from accredited private clinics that are then reimbursed by the respective District Health Societies. The program complements existing public-sector CAC services in Bihar.
• It was showcased at the third National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices & Innovations in Public Health Care Systems in India organised by MoHFW August, 2016, and been featured in the Compendium of Good Practices across the Globe, released by the Prime Minister of India, at the Call to Action Summit, 2015.

Concept:

In XeOF₄, Xe is sp³ d²-hybridized.

The geometry of the molecule is octahedral, but the shape of the molecule is square pyramidal. According to VSEPR theory, it has one π bond. The remaining six electron pairs form an octahedron with one position occupied by a lone pair.

Here, Xe contains one lone pair of electrons.

The correct answer is, 'Formal, brief and to the point'.

Key Points

• Let's learn what is notice and its characteristics:
• A notice is a written or printed announcement (Example - a notice for sale). It is written in order to inform a large number of people about something that has happened or is about to happen.
• It could be an upcoming event, competition, Lost, and found notice or just a piece of information to be delivered to the targeted audience.
• It is generally written in a formal tone.
• Notices are brief, factual and to-the-point.
• The language used is simple and formal, not flowery.
• From the above lines it is clear that a notice should be formal, brief and to the point.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Formal, brief and to the point.

The correct answer is 19 February 1946.

Key Points

• The Royal Indian Navy revolt: 
• It encompasses a total strike and subsequent revolt by Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy on board ship and shore establishments at Bombay harbor on 18 February 1946 From the initial flashpoint in Bombay, the revolt spread and found support throughout British India, from Karachi to Calcutta, and ultimately came to involve over 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and shore establishments.
• The mutiny was repressed with force by British troops and Royal Navy warships. Total casualties were 8 dead and 33 wounded.
• Only the Communist Party supported the strikers, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League condemned it.
• The RIN Revolt started as a strike by ratings of the Royal Indian Navy on 18 February in protest against general conditions. The immediate issues of the revolt were living conditions and food. By dusk on 19 February, a Naval Central Strike committee was elected.
• Leading Signalman Lieutenant M.S. Khan unanimously elected President
• Petty Officer Telegraphist Madan Singh Vice-President respectively.
• The actions of the mutineers were supported by demonstrations which included a one-day general strike in Bombay. The strike spread to other cities and was joined by elements of the Royal Indian Air Force and local police forces.
• Indian Naval personnel began calling themselves the "Indian National Navy" and offered left-handed salutes to British officers. At some places, NCOs in the British Indian Army ignored and defied orders from British superiors.
• In Madras and Poona, the British garrisons had to face some unrest within the ranks of the Indian Army. Widespread rioting took place from Karachi to Calcutta. Notably, the revolting ships hoisted three flags tied together – those of the Congress, Muslim League, and the Red Flag of the Communist Party of India (CPI), signifying the unity and downplaying of communal issues among the mutineers.
• The revolt was called off following a meeting between the President of the Naval Central Strike Committee (NCSC), M. S. Khan, and Vallabh Bhai Patel of the Congress, who had been sent to Bombay to settle the crisis. Patel issued a statement calling on the strikers to end their action, which was later echoed by a statement issued in Calcutta by Mohammed Ali Jinnah on behalf of the Muslim League.
• Under these considerable pressures, the strikers gave way. Arrests were then made, followed by court-martials and the dismissal of 476 sailors from the Royal Indian Navy. None of those dismissed were reinstated into either the Indian or Pakistani navies after independence.

Mistake Points

• The strike by Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy started on 18th February 1946.
• However, the Naval Central Strike Committee was formed a day later, on 19th February 1946, to coordinate the strike actions, handle negotiations, and represent the striking sailors.
• Thus, the correct date of the formation of the Naval Central Strike Committee is 19th February 1946, not 18th February 1946.

Explanation:

• Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue.
• Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes
• Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type.
• This disease belongs to the group of diseases called helminthiasis.
• Spread by blood-feeding black flies and mosquitoes namely Anopheles, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes, and Mansonia.

NOTE - Filariasis is not only spread by female anopheles mosquitoes. It is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes and Mansonia also.

• The Plague is an Infectious disease that is basically caused by Yersinia or Bacillus pestis. which is basically found in animals particularly rodents.
• It basically affects the lungs, lymph nodes, and blood vessels.
• It is also known as the "Black Death".
• The transmission of this infectious bacterial disease is through a bite of an infected rat.
• There are basically three types of plague-
• Bubonic plague
• Pneumonic Plague
• Septicemic Plague

Hence among the options Dengue, filaria are caused by mosquitos while Plague is caused by rodents.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Lycopene

Concept used:

Natural numbers are a part of the number system which includes all the positive integers from 1 till infinity and are also used for counting purpose. It does not include zero (0).

Calculation:

Now, 0 and any decimals numbers are not natural numbers. So, only x = y = 1 will be possible for x + y = 2

∴ The relation between x and y is x = y

The correct answer is, 'The old man died'.

Key Points

• The meaning of the idiom 'Kick the bucket' is 'To die/pass away/stop living'.
• Therefore, from the above line it is clear that the old man died.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: The old man died.

Concept:

When the resistances are connected in series, the equivalent resistance is given by

${R_{eq}} = {R_1} + {R_2} + \ldots + {R_n}$

The equivalent resistance is greater than the largest resistance in the series circuit

When the resistances are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by

$\frac{1}{{{R_{eq}}}} = \frac{1}{{{R_1}}} + \frac{1}{{{R_2}}} + \ldots + \frac{1}{{{R_n}}}$

The equivalent resistance is lesser than the smallest resistance in the series circuit

Calculation:

If n resistances are in parallel, equivalent resistance will be:

$R_{eq}=\frac{R}{n}$

Concept:

If a, b and c are  direction ratios of a line, then direction cosines are given by:

⇒ (l, m, n) =  $\frac{{\rm\pm{a}}}{{\sqrt {{{\rm{a}}^2} + {{\rm{b}}^2} + {{\rm{c}}^2}} }},\frac{{\rm\pm{b}}}{{\sqrt {{{\rm{a}}^2} + {{\rm{b}}^2} + {{\rm{c}}^2}} }},\frac{{\rm\pm{c}}}{{\sqrt {{{\rm{a}}^2} + {{\rm{b}}^2} + {{\rm{c}}^2}} }}$

Calculation:

Given: d.r's are 1. − 2. and 3

So, a = 1, b = -2 and c = 3

$\rm \sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}= \sqrt{1^2 + (-2)^2 + 3^2} = \sqrt{14}$

Now, d.c's of line = (l, m, n) =  $\frac{{\rm\pm{a}}}{{\sqrt {{{\rm{a}}^2} + {{\rm{b}}^2} + {{\rm{c}}^2}} }},\frac{{\rm\pm{b}}}{{\sqrt {{{\rm{a}}^2} + {{\rm{b}}^2} + {{\rm{c}}^2}} }},\frac{{\rm\pm{c}}}{{\sqrt {{{\rm{a}}^2} + {{\rm{b}}^2} + {{\rm{c}}^2}} }}$

= $\pm {1 \over \sqrt{14}}, \mp{2 \over \sqrt{14}} ,\pm {3 \over \sqrt{14}}$

वानर शब्द का समानार्थी मर्कट है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 3) मर्कट होगा ।

Key Points

Additional Information

‘हरीश’ में स्वर संधि है। हरि + ईश की संधि 'हरीश' होगी। शेष विकल्प त्रुटिपूर्ण हैं। अतः विकल्प 3 ‘स्वर संधि’ सही है।

Key Points 

• 'हरीश' में दीर्घ स्वर संधि है। हरि + ईश = हरी��� (इ + ई  = ई), यहाँ 'इ' और 'ई' के मेल से 'ई' बना है।
• ‘दीर्घ स्वर संधि’ में  ह्रस्व या दीर्घ अ, इ, उ के साथ ह्रस्व या दीर्घ अ, इ, उ का मेल होने पर आ, ई, ऊ हो जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प - 

Additional Information

'गोदान' प्रेमचंद द्वारा रचित उपन्यास है। अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 गोदान है। 

Key Points

• गोदान, प्रेमचन्द का अंतिम और सबसे महत्वपूर्ण उपन्यास माना जाता है। कुछ लोग इसे उनकी सर्वोत्तम कृति भी मानते हैं। इसका प्रकाशन 1936 ई० में हिन्दी ग्रन्थ रत्नाकर कार्यालय, बम्बई द्वारा किया गया था। इसमें भारतीय ग्राम समाज एवं परिवेश का सजीव चित्रण है। गोदान ग्राम्य जीवन और कृषि संस्कृति का महाकाव्य है। इसमें प्रगतिवाद, गांधीवाद और मार्क्सवाद (साम्यवाद) का पूर्ण परिप्रेक्ष्य में चित्रण हुआ है।
• गोदान हिंदी के उपन्यास-साहित्य के विकास का उज्वलतम प्रकाशस्तंभ है। गोदान के नायक और नायिका होरी और धनिया के परिवार के रूप में हम भारत की एक विशेष संस्कृति को सजीव और साकार पाते हैं, ऐसी संस्कृति जो अब समाप्त हो रही है या हो जाने को है, फिर भी जिसमें भारत की मिट्टी की सोंधी सुबास भरी है। प्रेमचंद ने इसे अमर बना दिया है।

अन्य विकल्प -​

• लहर, तितली, कामायनी जयशंकर प्रसाद की रचनाएँ हैं।

Additional Information

प्रेमचंद  का परिचय - 

• धनपत राय श्रीवास्तव (31 जुलाई 1880 – 8 अक्टूबर 1936) जो नाम से जाने जाते हैं, वो हिन्दी और उर्दू के सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय उपन्यासकार, कहानीकार एवं विचारक थे।
• उन्होंने सेवासदन, प्रेमाश्रम, रंगभूमि, निर्मला, गबन, कर्मभूमि, गोदान आदि लगभग डेढ़ दर्जन उपन्यास तथा कफन, पूस की रात, पंच परमेश्वर, बड़े घर की बेटी, बूढ़ी काकी, दो बैलों की कथा आदि तीन सौ से अधिक कहानियाँ लिखीं।
• उन्होंने हिंदी समाचार पत्र जागरण  तथा साहित्यिक पत्रिका हंस का संपादन और प्रकाशन भी किया।
• हिंदी कहानी तथा उपन्यास के क्षेत्र में 1918 से 1936 तक के कालखंड (कालखण्ड) को 'प्रेमचंद युग' या 'प्रेमचन्द युग' कहा जाता है।

CONCEPT:

Light year:

• It is the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in one year.
• A light-year is used in astronomy to measure distances of nearby stars.

1 light-year = 1ly = 9.467 × 1015 m

Astronomical unit:

• It is defined as the mean distance of the earth from the sun. It is used in astronomy to measure the distance of planets.

1 astronomical unit = 1 AU = 1.496 × 1011 m

Parsec (parallactic second):

• It is the largest practical unit of distance used in astronomy.
• It is defined as the distance at which an arc of the length of 1 astronomical unit subtends an angle of 1 second of arc.

1 parsec = 3.08 × 1016 m

EXPLANATION:

• From above it is clear that Parsec is the unit of distance. Therefore option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is, 'to argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots'.

Key Points

• The passage is talking about 'sunspots'.
• Let's refer to the passage, 'Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given spot's size. Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and the south pole of the sun'.
• From these lines, it can be inferred that the author is trying to argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots.

The correct answer is Janez Jansa.

• Janez Jansa, President of the Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS), became the Prime Minister of the 14th Government of the Republic of Slovenia.
• Janša will lead the country for the third time.
• Three parties, the SMC, New Slovenia and DeSUS have agreed to form a coalition.
• The appointment follows the resignation of Marjan Sarec who stepped down as the PM in January 2020.

Additional Information

• Slovenia: Capital - Ljubljana
• Currency - Euro

Concept:

Solution Set: The set of all possible values of x.

When (a > 0 and b < 0) or (a < 0 and b > 0) then $\rm \frac a b <0$

When (a > 0 and b > 0) or (a < 0 and b < 0) then $\rm \frac a b >0$

Calculation:

Here, ${1 \over x - 2} < 0$

So, x - 2 < 0

⇒ x < 2

∴ x ∈ (-∞ , 2)

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• States that are part of the Ganga River Basin are:
• Himachal Pradesh
• Uttarakhand
• Delhi
• Haryana
• Rajasthan
• Madhya Pradesh
• Chhattisgarh
• Uttar Pradesh
• Bihar
• Jharkhand
• West Bengal
• 
• Hence, Punjab is the right answer.

The correct answer is Ammonia.

Key Points

• Ammonia is used in the refrigerators because of its vaporization properties.
• The ammonia is the chemical that is used to absorb the heat from one area, and bring it to another area to dissipate.
• Concentrated ammonia is much colder than typical room temperature, which makes it an excellent choice for keeping things cool.
• Most people are used to using refrigeration systems that use CFCs, or even older systems that use Freon. Due to the environmental impact of these chemicals, and their cost, they are not the ideal choice in industrial environments.

उपरोक्त शब्दों में से 'आकाश' का पर्यायवाची शब्द है - 'व्योम'। 'आकाश' का अर्थ होता है - 'आसमान'। अतः सही उत्तर (विकल्प 3) 'व्योम' होगा।

Key Points

• 'आकाश' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'व्योम' है।
• 'आकाश' के अन्य समानार्थक शब्द हैं - अंबर, अनंत, अंतरिक्ष, अभ्र, आसमान, गगन, दिव, नभ, पुष्कर आदि।

अन्य विकल्प- 

• दृग - दीदा, आँख - लोचन, अक्षि, नैन, अम्बक, नयन आदि।
• विप्र - ब्राह्मण, द्विज, पुरोहित, वेदज्ञ आदि।

Additional Information

Formula Used:

Trigonometric functions

tanx × cotx = 1

Tan(90°-x) = cotx

Property of logarithm 

loga + logb+ logc = log(abc)

Calculation:

Let y =  logtan1° + logtan2° +………..+logtan89°

⇒ y = logtan1° + logtan2° +…..+ logtan45° + logtan46° +…..+ logtan89°

⇒ y  = logtan1° + logtan2° +……+ logtan45°+ logcot(90°- 46°) +…….+ logcot(90°- 89°)

⇒ y = logtan1°+ logtan2°+………logtan44°+ log(1) + logcot44°+………+ logcot1°

From property of logarithm we have

loga + logb+ logc = log(abc)

⇒ y = log(tan1°.tan2°.tan3°……tan44°.1.cot44°…….cot1°)

We know from trigonometric functions

tanx × cotx=1

So can celling the consecutive terms in the above equation we get

⇒ y = log(1.1.1.. …1)

⇒ y = log(1)

⇒ y = 0

So,

∴ logtan1° + logtan2° +………….+ logtan89° = 0

The correct answer is 1,2,3 and 4.

Key Points

• States that are part of the Ganga River Basin are:

1. Himachal Pradesh
2. Uttarakhand
3. Delhi
4. Haryana
5. Rajasthan
6. Madhya Pradesh
7. Chhattisgarh
8. Uttar Pradesh
9. Bihar
10. Jharkhand
11. West Bengal, Hence, option 4 is correct.

'जलधि' शब्‍द में तत्पुरुष समास है। शेष विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 'तत्पुरुष समास' है।

Key Points

●       'जलधि' का समास विग्रह होगा 'जल को धारण किया हुआ'।

●       इसमें 'को' कारक का प्रयोग हुआ है।

●       अतः इसमें 'तत्पुरुष समास' है।

Additional Information

The correct answer is 28th February.

• 28th February is celebrated as National Science Day.
• Indian Scientist Sir C. Venkata Raman on this day in 1928, discovered a phenomenon of scattering of photons which was later known as ‘Raman Effect’.
• In 1930, he got Nobel Prize for this exceptional discovery.
• The National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) in 1986 requested the Government of India to designate 28 February as National Science Day.
• Government of India accepted and announced the day as National Science Day in 1986.
• 15th September is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India
• 8th March is celebrated as International Women's Day all over the world

• The Indian men's hockey team has climbed to the 4th position, their highest since the inception of the FIH world rankings in 2003, in the recently released chart.
• India's excellent form in the first three rounds of the second edition of FIH Hockey Pro-League has seen them move from fifth to the fourth position.
• World champions Belgium remains in top position, while Australia 2nd.

• The correct answer is option 1, i.e., Ross Taylor.
• Ross Taylor won the prestigious Sir Richard Hadlee Medal in the New Zealand Cricket Award 2020.
• Ross Taylor is also the T20 Player of the Year.
• Kane Williamson, the New Zealand Cricket's Team Captain, was named the Men's ODI Player of the Year.
• Tim Southe, the renowned bowler, was named the International Test Player of the Year.
• Brendon McCullum is the former cricketer and currently serving as the cricket coach of the New Zealand Cricket Team.

The correct answer is, 'bring'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the present indefinite form
• Structure of present indefinite tense: 
• Subject+V1+s/es+object (If the subject is he, she, it, name or singular)
• Subject+V1+Object (If the subject is I, we, they, you or plural)
• Therefore the usage of Bring is correct here because the subject (icy winds) is in plural form.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: It's cold in Delhi: icy winds bring minimum temperature below 5 degrees celsius, cold wave to continue.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Cuttack.

• Cuttack is known as the Silver City of India.
• Filigree Silverwork of Cuttack is famous from the ancient period.
• Cuttack is situated in Odisha.
• Cuttack is famous for various Forts situated in the city.
• The Literal meaning of the Cuttack Odia language is Fort.

• The oxides of Metals are always Basic in nature.
• The oxides of metals when react with water form metal hydroxide.
• For Eg: MgO + H₂O → Mg(OH)₂.
• Here MgO is basic in nature.

• Lothal was the southernmost city of the Indus Valley Civilization which is located in the Bhal region of Gujarat.
• Archaeologists believe that the city had sea trade links with the Mesopotamian Empire based on artefacts and scriptures excavated from the site.

• Money serves four basic functions that i.e. unit of account, store of value, store of value and standard to deferred payments.
• Medium of exchange i.e. to buy any goods or service we use coin or currency
• Unit of value i.e. One rupee is the basic unit of Indian currency system. Prices are expressed in multiple of one rupee like 10 rupees is 10 times of 1 rupee.
• Money is used as a standard for deferred payments like pensions, salary, pf etc.
• Money is also used as a store of value.

दिये गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

• 'एक से इक्कीस होना' का अर्थ उन्नति करना है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- अपनी मेहनत के दम पर विराट कोहली एक से इक्कीस हो गए और क्रिकेट में उपलब्धियों के झंडे गाड़ रहे हैं।

अन्य विकल्प:

‘मुहावरे’ का अर्थ बोलचाल की भाषा में सांकेतिक रूप से किसी भाव को प्रकट करना होता है। जैसे- आँखों से गिरना, आकाश से बातें करना आदि।

The correct answer is BN Nanda.

Key Points

• BN Nanda is the director-general of the Labour bureau.
• Labour Bureau is responsible for the collation, collection and publication of statistics and related information on wages, earnings, productivity, absenteeism, labour turnover, industrial relations, working and living conditions and evaluation of working of various labour enactments etc.
• It is a storehouse of important economic indicators like Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial, Agricultural and Rural Labourers, wage rate indices and data on industrial relations, socio-economic conditions in the organized and unorganised sector of industry etc.

Additional Information

• The functions/activities of the Labour Bureau can be classified under three major heads:
• Labour Intelligence
• Labour Research
• Monitoring and evaluation studies under the Minimum Wages Act 1948.

Note: This question was previously asked in Bihar police constable 2021 so the options are given accordingly. At present the director general of Labour Bureau is Shri I.S. Negi.

The correct answer is All the endangered species.

Important Points

• The red data book is also called a "Red List".
• It is a document detailing rare and endangered species of animals, plants, etc.
• It also deals with fungi as well as some local subspecies that exist within the territory of the state or country.
• This book provides central information for studies and monitoring programs on rare and endangered species and their habits.
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List was founded in 1964.

Additional Information

• The Green databook is a small pocket-sized book subjected to environmental data of more than 200 economies.
• It is based on world development indicators like agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, pollution, and sanitation.
• The Blue databook is related to species that are stabilized from endangered species to somewhat better.
• The Yellow data book extension of the Red book, that provides the CD contains data.
• Carbon Black World Data Book is an essential resource for anyone involved in the carbon black industry.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e A judge of a high court can be removed in the same manner and on the same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court.

• Removal procedure of a High Court judge are as follows:
• A judge of a high court can be removed from his office by an order of the President.
• The President can issue the removal order only after an address by the Parliament has been presented to him in the same session for such removal.
• The address must be supported by a special majority of each House of Parliament (i.e., a majority of the total membership of that House and majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting).
• The grounds of removal are two–proved misbehaviour or incapacity.
• Thus, a judge of a high court can be removed in the same manner and on the same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• The judges of a high court are appointed by the President. The chief justice is appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the state concerned. Hence, Option 1 is NOT correct.
• For appointment of other judges, the chief justice of the concerned high court is also consulted.
• He should have been an advocate of a high court for ten years. Hence, Option 2 is NOT correct.
• The judges of a high court hold the office until he attains the age of 62 years. Hence, Option 4 is NOT correct.

The correct answer is the Lahore** Session**.

Important Points

• Lahore Session-
• The Indian National Congress, on 19 December 1929, passed ‘Purna Swaraj’ means total independence resolution at its Lahore session*.*
• In the same session, Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president of Congress.
• It was announced publically on 26 January 1930.
• Nehru marched to the banks of Ravi with the Congress members and they took an oath not to rest until Purna Swaraj was achieved.
• On December 21, 1929, the Tiranga (tricolour) flag was unfurled.

Additional Information

Note:

• The first Independence Day (as Purna swaraj) was celebrated on January 26, 1930.
• Surat Session-
• The 1907 Surat session was popularly known as Surat Split as the Congress split into two groups. i.e. Extremists and Moderates.
• It was presided by Moderate leader RasBehari Ghosh.
• Kanpur Session-
• In 1925, the Congress session was held in Kanpur and it was presided by Sarojini Naidu.
• Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman Congress President.
• Karachi Session-
• The Karachi session of INC was presided over by Sardar Vallabbhai Patel in the year 1931.
• The session approved the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and passed a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy.

The correct answer is Allotropes.

Key Points

About Allotropes:

• Allotropes are the different structural forms of the Same Element and can exhibit quite different Chemical Behaviours and Physical Properties.
• The change between Allotropic Forms is triggered by the Same Forces that affect other structures, such as temperature, light, and pressure.

About Graphite:

• Graphite also a pure form of Carbon. This Allotrope of Carbon is composed of Flat Two-dimensional layers of Carbon Atoms which are arranged in a Hexagonally form.
• It is a black, slippery, and soft solid. This property of Graphite is considered because it Cleaves easily between the Layers.

About Diamond:

• Diamond is the Purest Crystalline Allotrope of Carbon. It has a number of Carbons, linked together in a Tetrahedral structure. Each Tetrahedral unit consists of Carbon Bonded to Four Carbon Atoms which are in turn bonded to other Carbon atoms.
• This gives rise to an Allotrope of Carbon having a Three-Dimensional arrangement of Carbon-atoms.

Image of Allotropes of Carbon:

Concept:

Oxidation number (also called oxidation state) is the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.

Generally, In most of its compounds, oxygen has an oxidation state of -2 but for OF₂ the oxidation number of oxygen is +2 whereas for O₂F₂ it is +1

Calculation:

Since the overall charge of the compound will be zero and we have to the oxidation state of oxygen in our case

The oxidation number can be predicted by a given equation 

X+2(-1) = 0 ⇒ X = +2

Here, X is the oxidation number of oxygen, and -1 is the oxidation number of fluorine F in our compound.

Hence oxidation number of OF₂ is +2 in this case.

The correct answer is 1897.

Key Points

• Ramakrishna Mission (RKM) is a Hindu religious and spiritual organization that forms the core of a worldwide spiritual movement known as the Ramakrishna Movement or the Vedant
• The mission is named after and inspired by the Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on 1^st May 1897.
• The mission bases its work on the principles of karma yoga, the principle of selfless work done with a dedication to God.
• The Ramakrishna Mission has centered around the world and publishes many important Hindu texts.
• It is affiliated with the monastic organization. Vivekananda was greatly influenced by his guru (teacher) Ramakrishna.
• The motto of the mission is - Atmano mokshartham Jagat hitaya cha (For one’s own salvation and for the welfare of the world).

• The Yajur Veda deals with rituals.
• There are four Vedas:- Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda.
• Rig Veda is a collection of hymns dedicated to various deities.
• The Sama Veda deals with melodies.
• The Yajur Veda contains the rituals of the Yagna.
• The Atharva Veda contains magic spells.
• The Yajur Veda is an ancient collection of Sanskrit mantras and verses, used in Hindu worship and rituals.
• The name was taken from the Sanskrit roots, yajur, meaning "worship" or "sacrifice" and Veda, meaning "knowledge".
• YajurVeda is sometimes translated as "Knowledge of the Sacrifice".
• 

Important Points

• Yajur Veda is one of the four primary scriptures of Hinduism known collectively as the Vedas.
• The other three are Rig Veda, Atharva Veda, and Sama Veda.
• Each of the four Vedas is assigned a specific Hindu priest.
• Hota for Rig Veda, Adhvaryu for Yajur Veda, udgata for Sama Veda and brahman for Atharva Veda.
• "Rig Veda" is the oldest of the Vedas, and one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language.
• The "Rig Veda" outlines one of the most ancient forms of yoga, and provides information about the practice of yoga and other spiritual disciplines.
• "Sama Veda" should not be read or recited, but sung.
• It is also called the "Book of Song".
• The "Atharva Veda" is dedicated to prolonging life and healing illnesses, seeking cures from herbs, gaining a lover or partner, or world peace and the nature of good and evil.
• 

Key Points

• The Vedas are the oldest Hindu sacred texts.
• The Sanskrit word, Veda, means "knowledge".
• The Vedas are also referred to by some as sruti literature, meaning “what is heard”.

Concept:

Fundamental principal of multiplication:

Let us suppose there are two tasks A and B such that the task A can be done in m different ways following which the second task B can be done in n different ways. Then the number of ways to complete the task A and B in succession respectively is given by: m × n ways

Fundamental principal of addition:

Let us suppose there are two tasks A and B such that the task A can be done in m different ways and task B can be completed in n ways. Then the number of ways to complete either of the two tasks is given by: (m + n) ways.

Calculation:

Here we have to form 3 digit numbers using the digits 0, 1, 4, 5, 7 such that repetition of digits is not allowed.

The hundredth digit can be filled by any digit 1, 4, 5, 7 except  0

⇒ No. of ways to fill hundredth digit = 4 (1, 4, 5, 7)

No. of ways to fill tenth digit = 4 (0 and number from the digit 1, 4, 5, 7 which is not used in 100th place)

No. of ways to fill unit’s digit = 3 

So, number of 3 digit numbers which can be formed = 4 × 4 × 3 = 48

Alternate MethodDigits: 0, 1, 4, 5, 7

Digits cannot be repeated in a number.

Permutations of n distinct items taken r at a time is given by

P(n, r) = n! / (n-r)!

For a 3-digit number, the first digit can't be 0 (to ensure the number is a 3-digit number), so there are 4 choices (1, 4, 5, 7).

For the second digit, there are 4 remaining choices (including 0).

For the third digit, there are 3 remaining choices.

∴ The total number of unique 3-digit numbers is the product of the choices for each digit, i.e., 4 × 4 × 3 = 48.

Savitri Bai Phule is NOT associated with Bhakti Movement.

• Savitri Bai Phule was an Indian social reformer, educationalist, and poet from Maharashtra. Her works mostly were on educating the girl child with her husband Jyotirao Phule.
• She is regarded as the first female teacher in India.
• Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-seekers' Society) was a social reform society founded by Jyotirao Phuley in Pune, Maharashtra, on 24 September 1873. While Satya Shodhak Samaj was the brainchild of Jyotirao, it was Savitribai who was instrumental in shaping it.

1. Mira Bai

• Mirabai was born in 1504 AD at Chaukari village in Merta District of Rajasthan. Merta was a small state in Marwar, Rajasthan ruled by the Ranthors.
• Mirabai was known for her songs of devotion to Krishna and for forsaking traditional women's roles to devote life to Krishna-worship. She was a Bhakti saint, poet and a princess.

2. Jana bai

• Janabai was a Marathi religious poet, who was born in the seventh or the eighth decade of the 13th century.
• Along with saint-poets like Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Eknath, and Tukaram, Janabai has a place of honour in the minds of the Marathi people in Maharashtra, especially the Warkari sect.
• She used to call herself as Naamyasi Daasi (servant of Namdev).

3) Akkamahadevi  

• Akka Mahadevi was a twelfth-century (c. 1130-1160) Kannada poet, saint and mystic of the Virashaiva Bhakti Movement.
• Akka Mahadevi is highly regarded for her vachanas, and is seen as an inspirational woman both for the history of Karnataka and Kannada literature.
• Akka Mahadevi expressed her radical views on women’s roles, Hindu ritualism, caste, etc.
• she considered 'Chennamallikarjuna’ (the god Shiva) as her husband.

The Correct Answer is +7.

• The oxidation number of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) in the molecule is always +1.
• The oxidation number of oxygen is -2 (oxide)
• KMnO₄:
• Let the oxidation number of Mn is x.
• 1 + x + (-2)x4 = 0
• 1 + x - 8 = 0
• x = +7 (Therefore oxidation number of Mn is +7)

Concept:

• The cork cambium or phellogen is a meristematic tissue developed in the cortex region.
• It replaces the damaged outer cortical and epidermis layers with the new protective cell layers.
• Phellogen is a couple of layers thick. It is made of narrow, thin-walled, and nearly rectangular cells.
• Phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into cork or phellem while the inner cells differentiate into secondary cortex or phelloderm.

​Explanation:

• The cork is impervious to water due to suberin deposition in the cell wall.
• Suberin does not allow the water to pass through the cell wall.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Quantity and Price

Key Points

• The Supply curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between the quantity of product that a seller is able and willing to supply and the price of the product.
• The quantity of the product supplied is on the horizontal axis (X-Axis) and the product price is measured on the vertical axis (Y-Axis) of the graph.
• Time is an important factor to supply since suppliers must react quickly to a change in demand or price.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

• As per the India state of forest report 2019, Madhya Pradesh is the state which has the largest forest cover (area-wise).

Additional Information

Important Points

• India's state of forest report was published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) which is a biennial report (i.e two years once).

CONCEPT:

• Mirror Formula: The following formula is known as the mirror formula, which represents the relation between focal length, image distance, and object distance

$\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}$

where, f = focal length, v = the distance of the image from the mirror, and u = the distance of the object from the mirror.

EXPLANATION:

mirror formula;

$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$

Additional Information

• Convex mirror: The mirror in which the rays diverges after falling on it is known as the convex mirror.
• Convex mirrors are also known as a diverging mirror.
• The focal length of a convex mirror is positive according to the sign convention.
• Concave mirror: The mirror in which the rays converge after falling on it is known as the concave mirror.
• Concave mirrors are also known as a converging mirror.
• The focal length of a concave mirror is negative according to the sign convention.

The correct answer is China.

• United States is set to declare China as among the world's worst offenders in human trafficking and forced labor.

Key Points

• China will be listed under Tier 3, the ranking system’s lowest category, which applies to countries failing to meet minimum standards to prevent human trafficking.
• The determination marks the first major public rebuke of China’s human rights record by the Trump administration.

Calculation:

An identity function is a function that always returns the same value that was used as its argument.

Hence f:R→R, f (x) = x is an identity function

The sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 males. In the Population Census of 2011, it was revealed that the population ratio in India 2011 is 943 females per 1000 males. Note that:

• Haryana has the lowest sex ratio (877) in Indian states.
• The union territory Daman Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618.
• Kerala has the highest sex ratio of 1084 in all Indian states.
• Puducherry has the second-highest sex ratio of 1038 in Indian states.​

Hence, we conclude that Kerala has the highest sex ratio.

The Correct Answer is Option (3) i.e. Kashmir Saffron.

• The Kashmiri Saffron received the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag in May 2020.
• The Kashmiri Saffron is red in color. It is long and thick with a high aroma.
• It is the only saffron in the world that is grown at an altitude of 1600 meters. It is mostly grown in the regions of Srinagar, Budgam, Pulwama, etc.
• Three more products got the GI Tag recently. They are - Gorakhpur Terracotta, Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai, and Black rice of Manipur.

The correct answer is, 'Memo'.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options:
• Email: messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network.
• Memo: a written message, especially in business.
• Text message: an electronic communication sent and received by mobile phone
• Letter: a written, typed, or printed communication, especially one sent in an envelope by mail or messenger.
• ​Therefore, the usage of 'memo' in the blank is the most appropriate.
• It is indicating that for the purpose of business people do advertising without the permission of the customers which has resulted in many legal proceedings.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

​The correct answer is: memo.

जयशंकर प्रसाद छायावाद युग के कवि है। अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 जयशंकर प्रसाद है। 

Key Points

• जयशंकर प्रसाद  हिन्दी कवि, नाटककार, उपन्यासकार तथा निबन्धकार थे।
• वे हिन्दी के छायावादी युग के चार प्रमुख स्तंभों में से एक हैं।
• उन्होंने हिन्दी काव्य में एक तरह से छायावाद की स्थापना की जिसके द्वारा खड़ी बोली के काव्य में न केवल कमनीय माधुर्य की रससिद्ध धारा प्रवाहित हुई, बल्कि जीवन के सूक्ष्म एवं व्यापक आयामों के चित्रण की शक्ति भी संचित हुई और कामायनी तक पहुँचकर वह काव्य प्रेरक शक्तिकाव्य के रूप में भी प्रतिष्ठित हो गया।
• बाद के, प्रगतिशील एवं नयी कविता दोनों धाराओं के, प्रमुख आलोचकों ने उसकी इस शक्तिमत्ता को स्वीकृति दी। इसका एक अतिरिक्त प्रभाव यह भी हुआ कि खड़ीबोली हिन्दी काव्य की निर्विवाद सिद्ध भाषा बन गयी।

अन्य विकल्प -​

Additional Information

छायावाद का परिचय - 

• छायावाद हिंदी साहित्य के रोमांटिक उत्थान की वह काव्य-धारा है जो लगभग ई.स. 1920 से 1936 तक की प्रमुख युगवाणी रही।
• जयशंकर प्रसाद, सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी 'निराला', सुमित्रानंदन पंत, महादेवी वर्मा इस काव्य धारा के प्रतिनिधि कवि माने जाते हैं।
• छायावाद नामकरण का श्रेय मुकुटधर पाण्डेय को जाता है।
• कृति प्रेम, नारी प्रेम, मानवीकरण, सांस्कृतिक जागरण, कल्पना की प्रधानता आदि छायावादी काव्य की प्रमुख विशेषताएं हैं।
• छायावाद ने हिंदी में खड़ी बोली कविता को पूर्णतः प्रतिष्ठित कर दिया।
• इसके बाद ब्रजभाषा हिंदी काव्य धारा से बाहर हो गई।
• इसने हिंदी को नए शब्द, प्रतीक तथा प्रतिबिंब दिए।
• इसके प्रभाव से इस दौर की गद्य की भाषा भी समृद्ध हुई। इसे 'साहित्यिक खड़ीबोली का स्वर्णयुग' कहा जाता है।

The correct answer is all the members of both the Houses of Parliament.

• Election of the Vice-President:
• The election is in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferred vote and the voting is by secret ballot.
• The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting in such election is by secret ballot.
• The Electoral College to elect a person to the office of the Vice-President consists of all members of both Houses of Parliament.
• The Vice-President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters his office.

Additional Information

• The Council of states is also known as Rajya Sabha. Thus, option 1 and option 4 will be incorrect.

Concept-

• The Skeleton system consists of a framework of bones, joints, cartilages, etc.
• The Skeleton system of humans has a total of 206 bones.
• The Skeleton system is divided into three parts-
• Axial skeleton- includes bones of the skull, upper and lower jaws, and vertebral column.
• Thoracic skeleton- 12 pairs of ribs.
• Appendicular skeleton- involves the bone of legs and hand, pectoral and pelvic girdle.

Explanation-

• The bone of the forelimb (hand) are followings-
• Arm bone- Humerus, Forearm- Radius, and Ulna, Wrist bones- Carpels, Palm- Metacarpals, Digits- Phalanges.
• The two hands together have 60 bones.

The number of bones in the thumb of the hand is 2.

Additional Information

• Legendary Hindi writer Krishna Sobti passed away on 25 January 2019.
• She won the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Jnanpith award.
• She is considered as the Grande Dame of Hindi literature.
• 'Zindaginama' is considered to be one of her most acclaimed works.
• Some of her celebrated works include 'Daar Se Bichhudi’, 'Dil-o-Danish', 'Badalom ke Ghere', and 'Surajmukhi Andhere Ke' among others.

The correct answer is, 'Formal'.

Key Points

• Register often refers to the degree of formality of language that the speaker uses in different circumstances.
• Let's learn about different types of register in language:
• Formal: Less rigid but still constrained, the formal register is used in professional, academic settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted and restrained.
• Example: a business presentation.
• Consultative: Similar to formal register but used more in conversation. This language is precise and often technical.
• Example: Conversing with a doctor.
• Frozen: This form is sometimes called the static register to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged..
• Example: The bible, the United States constitution, Romeo juliet.
• Informal: This is written in the way we talk to our friends and family.
• Ceremonial: It may be encountered when reading transcripts of speeches or historical documents.
• Therefore, from the above lines, it is clear that the given sentence belongs to the formal register.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Formal

The correct answer is, 'ceremonial'.

Key Points

• Register often refers to the degree of formality of language that speaker uses in different circumstances.
• Let's learn about different types of register in language:
• Formal: Less rigid but still constrained, the formal register is used in professional, academic settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted and restrained.
• Example: a business presentation.
• Consultative: Similar to formal register but used more in conversation. This language is precise and often technical.
• Example: Conversing with a doctor.
• Frozen: This form is sometimes called the static register to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged..
• Example: The bible, the United States constitution, Romeo juliet.
• Informal: This is written in the way we talk to our friends and family.
• Ceremonial: It may be encountered when reading transcripts of speeches or historical documents.
• From the above lines, it is clear that the given sentence belongs to the ceremonial register.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Ceremonial.

Concept used:

Square root can be found by Prime factorization method

Calculation:

992016 = 2⁴ × 3² × 83²

⇒ √992016 = 2² × 3 × 83

⇒ 996

Now, Sum of digits of 996 = (9 + 9 + 6)

⇒ 24

∴ The sum of the digits of square root of 992016 is 24

The correct answer is, 'Mothers losing their identity'.

Key Points

• The poem talking about 'mothers'.
• Let's refer to the poem, 'Expect to be taken home, Their beauty has thickened.

Something is pushing them To the side of their own lives'.

• From these lines, it is clear that the author is Indicating the losing identity of mothers.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is: Mothers losing their identity.

Option 3 is correct, i.e. Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane with 46% in 2019.

Calculation:

Cost of x articles = Rs. y

⇒ Cost of 1 article = Rs. (y/x)

⇒ Cost of z articles = Rs. (y/x) × z

⇒ Rs. yz/x

∴ The cost of z articles is Rs. yz/x