WB Police Constable (Prelims) 26 Sept 2021 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Serampore, Hooghly.

Key Points

• Danish emperors built the lofty spire of St. Olav's Church (1806).
• It is located in Serampore's main square in West Bengal's Hooghly district.
• From 1755 to 1845, Denmark ruled over this town.
• In honour of the Danish King Frederik V, who ruled from 1746 to 1766, it was referred to as Fredriksnagore.

Important Points

• In 1755, the first Danish settlers landed in Serampore.
• They paid Nawab Alivardi Khan of Bengal more than Rs 150,000 in total to gain firman with the assistance of the French in Chandernagore.
• They were able to secure 60 bighas of land.
• As it was only a trading port, the Danes were not permitted to construct or maintain garrisons like Fort Dansborg.
• They had already found it in Tamil Nadu's Tranquebar in 1620.

Additional Information

• For more than 200 years, Denmark-Norway held colonial possessions in India.
• It includes the town of Tharangambadi, which is now located in the state of Tamil Nadu, Serampore, which is now located in the state of West Bengal.
• And the Nicobar Islands, which are now a part of India's union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• The main European countries gave little thought to the Danish and Norwegian presence in India since they posed neither military or commercial danger.

Given:

A sum of money becomes 3 times itself in 20 years.

Concept used:

Simple interest (SI) = ${PTR \over 100}$

Amount = P + SI

Calculation:

According to the given data,

Amount = 3P when Time = 20 years

⇒ 3P =${P ;+; 20P× R \over 100}$

⇒ 2P = $PR \over 5$

⇒ 10P = PR

⇒ R = 10%

Now,

⇒ T =  ${100 × SI \over P×R}$

⇒ 10

∴ The sum of money will become 2 times in 10 years.

The correct pattern followed here is:

Given: 2 9 7 3 1 7 3 7 7 1 3 3 1 7 3 8 5 7 1 3 7 7 1 7 3 9 0 6

Only, three pairs are possible according to the given condition.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Yellow.

Key Points 

• The Olympics is an international multi-sportings event.
• It is held once every four years.
• It includes several countries' selected players as participants.

Olympic logo:             

• It consists of five rings and one icon of the place where it is held
• Blue, yellow, black, green, and red is the order of the colour of  the Olympic logo rings
• It represents five continents: Asia, Africa, America, Australia, and Europe.
• The Olympic Charter once ascribed a ring colour to each continent: blue for Europe, yellow for Asia, black for Africa, green for Oceania (or Australia), and red for America.

Additional Information

The correct answer is the Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation Program.

Key Points

• Activities under the Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) Programme are carried out to inform voters about election processes.
• Like, as the process relating to the registration of names in electoral rolls, correction of their existing details in electoral rolls, and deletion of names of shifted and deceased family members.
• The purpose of SVEEP activities is also to enlighten voters about the numerous online and offline resources accessible to them on voting ethics.
• Such as how to cast a ballot and how to assist the electoral system in preventing fraud.

Important Points

• The office of the Chief Electoral Officer-Delhi has started this programme.
• SVEEP programmes are to raise awareness among general voters.

Additional Information

• Public notices are published in newspapers during Special Summary Revision (SSR).
• It is done to inform the general public of crucial details regarding SSR.
• Such as the start of SSR, the publishing of the draught roll, specific campaign days, the release of the final publication roll, etc.
• Publication of colour ads in newspapers for a variety of events, including special summary revisions, drives started by the Election Commission of India, and the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections.

The correct answer is Nana Sahib.

Key Points Nana Sahib 

• ​He led the revolt of 1857 in the city of Kanpur.
• The original name of Nana Sahib was Dhondu Pant.
• He was the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• He was the successor of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• Tantia Tope was the general of Nana Saheb in the 1857 revolt.
• It is believed that Nana Sahib escaped to Nepal when the rebellion collapsed.

​

Additional Information 

• Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt of 1857 in Jhansi and Gwalior.
• Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow, Agra, and Awadh.
• Kunwar Singh led the revolt of 1857 in Jagadishpur, Bihar.​

Important Points

About the 1857 Revolt

• The Indian Mutiny of 1857-59 was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against the rule of the British East India Company in India which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British crown.
• The reason for the Revolt of 1857 is the immediate factor was the introduction of the 'Enfield rifle.
• The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun.
• Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat.
• 1857 revolt started firstly on 29th March 1857 from Barrackpur (West Bengal) by Mangal Pandey.

Given:

4 leaps of cat = 3 leaps of dog

Calculation:

From the given data,

⇒ 1 leap of cat = ${3 \over 4}$ leaps of dog

Ratio of speed of cat to speed of dog

⇒ 5 leaps of cat : 4 leaps of dog

⇒ 5 × ${3 \over 4}$ leaps of dog : 4 leaps of dog

⇒ ${15 \over 4}$ leaps of dog : 4 leaps of dog

⇒ 15 : 16

∴ The ratio of speed of cat to dog is 15 : 16.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points 

• The ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2023 will be the 13th edition of the tournament, and it will be held in India in October and November 2023.
• The competition will be held fully in India for the first time.
• Three earlier events – 1987, 1996, and 2011 – were partially hosted there.
• The tournament was originally slated to take place from February 9 through March 26, 2023.
• Namibia, along with Zimbabwe and South Africa, will host the Men's Cricket World Cup for the first time in October/November 2027. The event was last held in 2003 in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Additional Information 

• The Cricket World Cup is a one-day international (ODI) cricket tournament held every four years.
• The International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport's governing body, hosts the event every four years, with preliminary qualification stages leading up to a finals competition.
• First edition: 1975 - Held in England
• Latest edition: 2019  - Held in England & Wales
• Current champion - England (1st title)
• Most successful - Australia (5 titles)
• Most runs - (India) Sachin Tendulkar (2,278).
• Most wickets - (Australia) Glenn McGrath (71).

Given:

Selling price when profit earned = Rs. 1754

Selling price when loss incurred = Rs. 1492

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price + Profit

Selling price = Cost price - Loss

Calculation:

Cost price = Selling price - Profit

Let the cost price be 'x'

Profit = 1754 - x ----- (1)

Loss = x - 1492 ----- (2)

Equating equation (1) and (2)

⇒ 1754 - x = x - 1492

⇒ 1754 + 1492 = x + x

⇒ 3246 = 2x

⇒ x = 3246 ÷ 2

⇒ x = 1623

∴ The cost price of the article is Rs. 1623.

The correct pattern followed here is

⇒ 25km - 15km = 10km

Hence, the correct answer is "10km".

Given:

The cost price of the cheaper variety (C.P1) = Rs.15 per kg

The cost price of the dearer variety (C.P2) = Rs.20 per kg

The mean price (M.P) = Rs.16.50 per kg

Solution:

The rule of alligation states that:

<br>

(C.P. of cheaper) - (Mean price)

---------------------------------------------    =  Ratio of quantities of cheaper and dearer

(Mean price) - (C.P. of dearer)

 

 

$\text{Ratio} = \frac{(C.P2 - M.P)}{(M.P - C.P1)}$

Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:

$\text{Ratio} = \frac{(20 - 16.50)}{(16.50 - 15)} = \frac{3.5}{1.5} = \frac{7}{3}$

Therefore, option 1) 7 : 3 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Ashok Kumar.

Key Points

• On October 13, 1911, in Bhagalpur, Bihar, Kumudlal Ganguly was born.
• He was later known as the Dadamoni of Indian cinema.
• He is better known to all by his stage name Ashok Kumar.
• His parents are Kunjilal Ganguly and Gauri Devi.
• He was among the best character actors Bollywood had ever produced.

Additional Information

• Ashok Kumar excelled at playing both positive and negative characters, whether they were the lead or the antagonist.​
• In addition to being a fantastic actor, Ashok Kumar was a homeopathy.
• He frequently had the ability to treat diseases that doctors were unable to handle.
• He was a skilled painter as well.
• Ashok Kumar used to work as a lab assistant at the Bombay Talkies before gaining a break in the movies.
• His first exposure to movies came about entirely by accident.
• In the 1936 Bombay Talkies film Jeevan Naiya, he received the major role.
• Hero Najmul Hassan and heroine Devika Rani, who also happened to be Himanshu Rai, the head of the studio, had eloped.
• After this occurrence, Rai fired Hassan and hired Ashok Kumar as a lab assistant in his place.

Given:

∠BAC = 50°

Calculation:

 

From the above diagram,

⇒ ∠OBC = 2∠BAC

⇒ ∠OBC = 2(50°)

⇒ ∠OBC = 100°

We know that,

Sum of angles of a triangle is 180°

In ∠OBC

⇒ ∠OBC + θ + θ = 180°

⇒ 100° + 2θ = 180°

⇒ 2θ = 180° - 100°

⇒ 2θ = 80°

⇒ θ = 40°

∴ The measurement of ∠OBC is 40°.

The correct answer is Akbar.

Key Points

Deen-e-Ilahi/ Tauhid-i-Ilahi

• The word used by Akbar and Badauni to illustrate the philosophy of Akbar is Tauhid-i-Ilahi namely Din Ilahi in 1582 AD.
• This was meant to combine some of the components of the faiths of his empire, and thereby resolve the contradictions that separated his subjects.
• The components were derived mainly from Islam and Hinduism, although some others were also taken from Buddhism, Jainism and Zoroastrianism.
• Akbar discussed personally with the leading lights of different religions like Purushotam and Devi (Hinduism), Meherji Rana (Zoroastrianism), the Portuguese Aquaviva, Monserrate (Christianity), and Hira Vijaya Suri (Jainism) to ascertain the Truth.
• Because of the discussions, he felt that behind the multiplicity of names there was but one God.
• In 1582, Akbar announced that he had founded a new religion, "Din-i Ilahi" (Divine Religion), to bring his subjects of various faiths together. All religions, especially Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism, had influences on the Divine Religion.
• The exact word used by Akbar and Badauni to illustrate the philosophy of Akbar is Tauhid-i-Ilahi namely Din Ilahi. Tauhid-i-Ilahi literally meant divine monotheism.
• Birbal was the first follower of the Din-i-Elahi.
• Akbar the Great was the third Mughal emperor to rule from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under the emperor, Bairam Khan.

Additional Information

The logic followed here is:

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is 'H".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Every letter is coded with different letters.

PORTER is written as MBNZQN 

<br>

Similarly,

REPORT be written as '?'

From the above figure,

R - coded with (N)

E - coded with (Q)

P - coded with (M)

O - coded with (B)

R - coded with (N)

T - coded with (Z)

So, REPORT is coded with "NQMBNZ"

Hence, the correct answer is "NQMBNZ".

Given:

Ajay:

Investment = Rs. 8000

Time = 4 months

Anil:

Time = 4 months

Profit = 20%

Concept used:

Profit ratio = Investment × Time period

Calculation:

Ajay's profit : Anil's profit = Ajay's investment × Time : Anil's investment × Time

Let Anil's investment be 'x'

⇒ 80 : 20 = 8000 × 4 : x × 4

⇒ 80 : 20 = 32000 : 4x

⇒ ${80 \over 20} = {32000 \over 4x}$

⇒ ${4} = {32000 \over 4x}$

⇒ 16x = 32000

⇒ x = 2000

∴ Anil invested Rs. 2000

Given:

Radius of sphere = 1 cm

Radius of iron sphere = 8 cm

Concept used:

Volume of sphere = ${4 \over 3} πr^3$

Calculation:

Volume of big solid sphere = n × Volume of small sphere

⇒ ${4 \over 3} πr^3$ = n × ${4 \over 3} πr^3$

⇒ $1^3$ = n × $8^3$

⇒ n = 512

∴ 512 spheres of radius 1 cm can be obtained by melting an iron sphere of radius 8 cm.

The correct answer is A programming language

Key Points 

• C++ is an object-oriented programming Language.
• Computer programming language, any of various languages for expressing a set of detailed instructions for a digital computer.
• Such instructions can be executed directly when they are in the computer manufacturer-specific numerical form known as machine language
• Although there are many computer languages, relatively few are widely used.
• The codes are strings of 0 and 1 or binary digits known as “bits”
• Operating systems were written in C, C++, and Java are Computer programming languages.
• C++ is considered one of the fastest languages.

Additional Information

• The first important algorithmic language was FORTRAN
• Designed in 1957 by an IBM team led by John Backus.
• The C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan
• C, along with its descendant C++, remains one of the most common languages.

The Correct answer is Panipat.

Key Points

Neeraj Chopra

• Neeraj Chopra is originally from Khandala village in Panipat, Haryana.
• He was born on 24 December 1997. His father Satish Kumar is a farmer.
• Neeraj Chopra is an Indian Track and field athlete and a Junior Commissioned Officer in Indian Army.
• The distance reached by the javelin in the gold medal-winning throw by Neeraj Chopra at the Olympic games held in Tokyo in 2021 lay between 87.5 m and 88.0 m.
• Tokyo Olympics: India's Neeraj Chopra won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw event with a throw of 87.58m in his second attempt.
• Neeraj is the first Indian in over 120 years, and the first athlete from independent India, to win an Olympic medal in a track-and-field discipline.
• Chopra also became the sixth Indian athlete to win an individual medal at Tokyo 2020 joining weightlifter Mirabai Chanu, shuttler PV Sindhu, boxer Lovlina Borgohain, and wrestlers Ravi Kumar Dahiya and Bajrang Punia.

Additional Information

• At the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games, Neeraj threw an 86.47-meter spear and won the gold medal.
• India's star javelin throwing athlete Neeraj Chopra threw the javelin 88.07 meters away in the fifth attempt.
• It Breached the national record of 88.06 meters to win the gold medal in the 2018 Asian Games.
• Parsa Singh of India won the silver medal in the first Asian Games (1951) played in Delhi.
• After this, in the 1982 Asian Games (Delhi), India's Gurtej Singh won the bronze medal.
• So far no athlete had achieved a gold medal in the javelin throw, but Neeraj Chopra made the best-ever performance for India in the javelin throw.

The correct answer is Alipurduar**.**

Key Points 

Buxa Tiger Reserve

• The Alipurduar District, West Bengal, is home to the Buxa Tiger Reserve.
• Alipurduar district has been carved out from Jalpaiguri on 25th June, 2014 as the 20th district of West Bengal.
• Geographically Alipurduar is a landlocked district bordered by Jalpaiguri in the west, Assam in the east and Coochbihar in the south.
• In the north, the district shares an international border line with Bhutan
• It was established in 1983 and is now India's 15th tiger reserve.
• In January 1992, it was designated as a national park.
• Sankosh, Raidak, Jayanti, Churnia, Turturi, Phashkhawa, Dima, and Nonani are the principal rivers that pass the Tiger Reserve.
• The reserve has links to the forests of Bhutan across the border in the north, the Kochugaon forests in the east, the Manas Tiger Reserve in the west, and the Jaldapara National Park in the north.
• The following corridor connections are crucial:
• Buxa-Titi: A path that connects the Titi Reserve Forest and the Rangamati Reserve Forest regions of the Buxa Tiger Reserve.
• Buxa-Titi (through Beech and Bharnabari Tea estate): This route connects Titi Reserve Forest, which is located south of Dalsingpara Tea Estate, with Bharnabari Reserve Forest, which is part of the Buxa Tiger Reserve.
• Nimati-Chilapata (Buxa-Chilapata): Facilitating elephant mobility between the Nimati Range of the Buxa Tiger Reserve and the Chilapata Reserve Forest.
• Buxa-Ripu at Sankosh (Sankosh): This corridor is a contiguous forest that links the Ripu Reserve Forest in the Kachugaon Forest Division of Assam with the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal.

Additional Information 

• There are 6 National Parks, 15 wildlife sanctuaries and 2 elephant reserves in West Bengal.
  

There are two Elephant Reserves, Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve and Eastern Dooars Elephant Reserve.

• Wildlife Sanctuaries of West Bengal:
• West Sunderban Wildlife Sanctuary
• Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary
• Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary
• Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary
• Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary
• Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary
• Jore Pokhari Salamandar Wildlife Sanctuary
• Holiday Island Wildlife Sanctuary
• Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary
• Chaparamari Wildlife Sanctuary
• Buxa (Tiger Reserve) Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bibhuti Bhusan Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary
• Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary
• National Parks of West Bengal:
• Jaldapara National Park
• Sunderban National Park (also a Tiger Reserve)
• Singalila National Park
• Neora Valley National Park
• Gorumara National Park
• Buxa National Park

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• The present states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are where kalamkari originated several hundred years ago.
• It was initially employed to depict passages from holy writings including the Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Bhagavatam.
• These murals, tell the tales of the gods.
• They were frequently used as beautiful backdrops in temples.

Important Points

• The term "Kalamkari," refers to a particular, detailed form of hand-painting on the cloth.
• Kalamkari derives from the word "kalam," which means pen.
• There are two different styles of Kalamkari painting.
• Machilipatnam, which uses block printing, and Srikalahasti, which is freehand drawing.

Additional Information

• One motif found frequently in Kalamkari is the Tree of Life, which links the heavens, the earth, and the underworld while being firmly planted.
• Numerous creatures eat its leaves, live in its branches, and seek out its shade, making it a symbol of food as well.
• Deer, tigers, and peacocks are also regularly seen.
• The sole materials used in Kalamkari, like many other ancient Indian crafts, are natural.
• Cotton cloth, dried unripe fruit, milk to form the "mordant," charcoal sticks, black kasimi liquid, alum solution, and natural colours in red, indigo, and yellow are some of the basic ingredients used.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at the right-hand side is given below:-

Detailed Explanation:-

1. The word 'EFFECTIVE' second letter is F but in option 3 it is given V so it is eliminated.
2. The word 'EFFECTIVE' third letter is F but in option 1 mirror image of F is wrong so it is eliminated.
3. The word 'EFFECTIVE' first letter is E but in option 4 mirror image of E is wrong so it is eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Magadh.

Key Points Magadh Empire

• Ajatashatru was one of the most important kings of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha in East India.
• He was the son of King Bimbisara and was a contemporary of both Mahavira and Gautama Buddha.
• He forcefully took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father and imprisoned him.
• The city of Pataliputra was formed by the fortification of a village by Ajatashatru.
• Ajatashatru followed policies of conquest and expansion.

Additional Information Mauryan Dynasty

• ​The Maurya Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE.
• The three great rulers of the Mauryan Empire were Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara and Ashoka.

​Shishunaga Dynasty​

• ​Shishunaga (413 – 395 BCE) was the founder of the Shishunaga dynasty of the Magadha Empire in present-day northern India.
• Initially, he was an amatya (official) of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka dynasty.
• Important rulers were Shishunaga, Kalashoka, and Nandivardhana.

Nanda Dynasty

• The most powerful ruler of the Nanda Dynasty is Mahapadma Nanda.
• He was also the founder of the Nanda Dynasty.
• At the time of Alexander's invasion, Dhana Nand was the ruler of Magadha.
• Nanda Dynasty ruled in Magadha at the time of Alexander's invasion.
• The ruler was Dhana Nand, the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty.

Given:

Total students = 35

New students = 7

Expenses = Rs. 42 per day

Calculation:

Let the original expenditure be Rs. 35x

Let the average expenditure be = Rs. x

Then,

⇒ 42(x - 1) = 42 + 35x 

⇒ 42x - 42 - 42 = 35x

⇒ 7x = 84

⇒ x = 12

So,

Original expenditure = 35x = 35 (12) = 420.

∴ The original expenditure is Rs. 420.

The correct pattern followed here is:

Given: Carnivorous : Tiger : Wolf

Here, Tiger and Wolf both are carnivores animal

A similar pattern followed by option 2

Given: Fruit : Banana : Mango

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Dharmendra Tiwari.

Key Points

• The President of India presented the coveted Dronacharya Award 2020 to well-known archery coach Dharmendra Tiwary.
• Awarded by recognition of his lifetime accomplishments in the sport.
• Since the Tata Archery Association's founding in 1996, Tiwary has served as its chief coach.
• It is an honour to have him mentor our young athletes and help them develop into elite archers.

Important Points

• The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports bestows it annually.
• The recipients are chosen by a committee established by the Ministry.
• Committee members are recognised for their "excellent and meritorious efforts on a consistent basis and enabling sportspeople to excel in international competitions" over a four-year period.
• The Republic of India honours sports coaching in this way.

Additional Information

• The honour is named for Drona, also known as "Guru Drona" or "Dronacharya."
• It was a character from the ancient Indian Sanskrit epic Mahabharata.
• He was a master of modern military tactics.
• He served as the teacher to the princes of Kaurava and Pandava for their military arts and astras training.
• He was the father of Ashwatthama.

The pattern followed here is:

Let's take dice (1) & (3) together.

Here, 1 & 4 are common in both dice. 

So, 6 is the opposite 2.

Hence, the correct answer is "6".

The Correct answer is Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Key Points 

The term "Renaissance" connotes a tolerant attitude for the resurrection of values, an enlightened interest in sciences and arts, a balanced approach to life and society, a larger vision of the future, mental rebirth and revitalization, and an openness of approach.

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often known as the Father of the Bengal Renaissance, was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj.
• He was born on May 22, 1772, in Radhanagore, West Bengal, and is most known for his attempts to remove the wicked practice of **Sati.**​
• In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore created the Brahmo Samaj.
• He began his career as a moneylender and then joined the British East India Company from 1803 until 1814.
• Ram Mohan Roy was also an outspoken opponent of polygamy.
• Though he campaigned vigorously against practices like Sati, idolatry, and polygamy, he was not against tradition and religion.
• He was a scholar of the Upanishads.
• Besides, he campaigned for the right of widows to remarry, the right of women to hold property, and the right of women to education.
• Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor, who sent him to England to represent him.
• ​Thus we can say,  Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered the pioneer of the modern Indian Renaissance for the remarkable reforms he brought in 18th and 19th century India. Among his efforts, the abolition of the brutal and inhuman Sati Pratha was the most prominent.
• His efforts were also instrumental in eradicating the purdah system and child marriage.​

Given:

Average of 6 numbers is 17.

Concept used:

$Average = {Sum ;of ;observations \over Total; number ;of; observations}$

Calculation:

Let the sum of numbers be 'x'

⇒ $17 = {x \over 6}$

⇒ 17 × 6 = x

⇒ x = 102

∴ The sum of number be 102.

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points 

• Chlorophyll or leaf green is a porphyrin derivative with magnesium (Mg) as the central atom and is hence a metal complex dye.
• It is present in the chloroplasts in all green parts of plants as a mixture of blue-green chlorophyll a and yellow-green chlorophyll b and constitutes the catalyst for photosynthesis.
• Chlorophylls are porphyrins, whose molecules contain a flat ring of four-linked heterocyclic groups, based upon magnesium.
• Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
• Chlorophyll absorbs mostly in the blue and to a lesser extent red portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence its intense green colour.
• This pigment is involved in photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy.

The pattern followed here is:

Ravi's birthday is on Wednesday and Gopi's birthday is 50 days after Ravi's birthday.

⇒ 50 ÷ 7 = 1 (Odd days)

⇒ Wednesday + 1 Odd days = Thursday.

It means Gopal's birthday is on Thursday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Thursday".

Given:

Side of cube is decreased by 10%

Concept used:

Surface area of cube = $6a^2$

Calculation:

Let the side of cube be 10x

Surface area of cube = $6a^2$

⇒ 6(10x)(10x) = $600x^2$

If the side is decreased by 10%,

New side = 9x

Surface area of cube = $6a^2$

⇒ 6(9x)(9x) = $486x^2$

Decrease in surface area = $600x^2;-;486x^2$

Decrease in surface area = $114x^2$ 

Percentage decrease,

⇒ ${114x^2 \over 600x^2} × 100$ = 19%

∴ The surface area will decrease by 19%.

The correct answer is 1936.

Key Points All India Kisan Sabha

• The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in April 1936 at Lucknow.
• It is also known as 'Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha'.
• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the head of the Sabha.
• It was a peasant movement of the Communist Party of India.
• The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Sahajanand Saraswati.
• Leaders like Swami Sahajanand, N.G. Ranga, Indulal Yagnik, and many others became prominent in the mobilization of the peasantry.
• It later issued a Kisan manifesto which demanded the abolition of Zamindari and occupancy rights for all tenants.
• Under Pressure from its socialist members and leaders, the congress adopted an Agrarian Programme in December 1936.

Given:

AC = 20 m

AB = x m

BC = (50 - x) m

Concept used:

Pythagoras theorem

Calculation:

From the given diagram,

${AB}^2 = {{AC}^2 ;+;{BC}^2}$

Substitute the values,

⇒ ${x}^2 = {{20}^2 ;+;{(50 - x})^2}$

⇒ ${x}^2 = {{400} ;+;{2500 + x^2 - 100x}}$

⇒ 100x = 2900

⇒ x = $2900 \over 100$

⇒ x = 29

∴ The value of AB is 29 m.

The correct answer is Louis Gluck.

Key Points

• Louise Glück received the 2020 Nobel Prize for Literature.
• For "her identifiable lyrical voice that with austere beauty renders individual existence universal," she received this prize.
• On October 8, 2020, Mats Malm, the Swedish Academy's permanent secretary, declared the winner.
• She is the 13th American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, following Toni Morrison in 1993 and Bob Dylan in 2016.

Additional Information

• According to Alfred Nobel's will from 1895, the five different rewards known as the Nobel Prizes are given to people.
• "who, during the preceding year, have bestowed the greatest benefit to humankind" are rewarded with this prize.
• The most well-known accomplishment of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel is the creation of dynamite.
• He left instructions in his will for all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to create five awards that later came to be known as "Nobel Prizes."
• The first Nobel Prize was given out in 1901.

The pattern followed here is:

Given: TRANSFERENCE

Option 1) TENSE

⇒ TRANSFERENCE ⇒ (TENSE can be formed as all letters are present)

Option 2) FRANCE

⇒ TRANSFERENCE ⇒ (FRANCE can be formed as all letters are present)

Option 3) FACTOR

⇒ TRANSFERENCE ⇒ (FACTOR cannot be formed as O is not present in the word)

Option 4) ENTRANCE

⇒ TRANSFERENCE ⇒ (ENTRANCE can be formed as all letters are present)

Hence, the correct answer is "FACTOR".

The correct answer is Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Key Points​Ten Degree Channel

• It separates the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands from each other in the Bay of Bengal.
• It lies on the 10-degree line of latitude, north of the equator.
• A channel is a broad open waterway that passes through two landmasses that lie close to each other.

Additional Information Nine Degree Channel

• It separates the island of Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago. The Kalpeni and Suheli Par, and Maliku Atoll and Amindivi Subgroup together form the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
• It is so named as it lies on the 9-degree line of Latitude, north of the equator.

Eight Degree Channel

• It separates the islands of Minicoy (Lakshadweep) and the Maldives.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 15000

Difference = Rs. 96

Concept used:

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = ${P{r^2} \over 100^2}$

Calculation:

Substitute the values in the formula,

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = ${P{r^2} \over 100^2}$

96 = ${15000{r^2} \over (100)(100)}$

96 = ${15{r^2} \over 10}$

$96 × {10 \over 15} = r^2$

$64 = r^2$

r = $\sqrt64 = 8$

r = 8%

∴ The rate of interest is 8%.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Lovlina Borgonhai is the first female boxer from Assam.
• She became just the third Indian boxer to earn an Olympic medal.
• She won the women's welterweight event's bronze medal at the 2020 Olympic Games.
• At both the 2018 and 2019 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships, she took home a bronze medal.
• The second boxer from Assam and the first female athlete to compete for the nation in the Olympics is Borgohain.

Important Points

• She was Assam's sixth recipient of the Arjuna Award in 2020.
• She won gold at the inaugural India Open International Boxing Tournament in New Delhi and silver at the follow-up event in Guwahati.
• The biggest break for Borgohain's career occurred when she was chosen to compete in the welterweight boxing competition at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
• She was defeated by UK athlete Sandy Ryan in the quarterfinals of the Commonwealth Games.

Additional Information

• The Olympics is the most prestigious international athletic occasion that includes summer and winter sports competitions.
• In which thousands of competitors from all over the world take part in a range of activities.
• More than 200 teams, representing sovereign governments and territories, compete in the Olympic Games.
• This is regarded as the world's premier sporting event.
• Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympics have switched every two years during the four-year cycle of the Olympic Games, which are typically held every four years.

Given:

Sum = 27

Product = 182

Calculation:

Let the two numbers be 'x'  and '27 -x'

We know that,

Product of two numbers is 182

⇒ X(27 - x) = 182

⇒ $27x ;-; x^2 = 182$ 

⇒ $27x ;-; x^2 ;-; 182 = 0$

⇒ x(x - 13) - 14(x - 13) = 0

⇒ (x - 13)(x - 14) = 0

⇒ X = 13 and 14

Two number are 13 and 14.

∴ The smaller number is 13.

The correct answer is 2013.

Key Points

Kanyashree

• This Project/Scheme was introduced by the Government of West Bengal in 2013
• Kanyashree Prakalpa seeks to improve the status and well-being of girls.
• It is specifically those from socio-economically disadvantaged families through Conditional Cash Transfers, to continue in education for a longer period.
• Disincentivising marriage till at least the age of 18, the legal age of marriage, thereby reducing the risks of early pregnancies, associated risks of maternal and child mortality, and other debilitating health conditions, including that malnutrition.
• ​​First place at the UN Public service award 2017.

Additional InformationRupashree Scheme

• West Bengal has rolled out the ‘Rupashree Scheme ‘ for the marriage of poor girls.
• The scheme provides one-time financial support to the marriages of poor women.
• The 'Rupashree' scheme is followed by the ambitious 'Kanyashree' project.

Paray Shikshalaya

• The classroom at Paray Shikshalaya is an open-air classroom.
• The West Bengal government will introduce it For pre-primary and primary students, the Paray Shikshalaya is open.
• Students in classes 1 to 5 will be given an elementary education under the plan.
• The classes will be held on-site.

The correct answer is Indus valley civilization.

Key Points

• The Indus Valley Civilization's system of underground drainage was the most distinctive aspect of the town layout.
• It is recognised as the first drainage system in the world by its inhabitants.
• It has distinctive elements like covering for Slab and Manhole.
• Some of the earliest sewer systems were created in the third millennium BCE in the historic Pakistani cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, according to archaeological findings.

Important Points

• The ancient sewers were dug into the earth next to the structures.
• This study demonstrates how early civilizations conceptualised the removal of garbage.

Additional Information

• Ancient Mesopotamia had simple sewer systems in place, with vertical shafts used to transport waste into cesspools.
• Similar techniques were used in ancient Crete and Greece as well as the Indus Valley civilization in modern-day Pakistan.
• The Roman-built sewage systems were abandoned throughout the Middle Ages.
• Garbage was instead gathered in cesspools and occasionally dumped by labourers known as "rakers," who frequently sold it as fertiliser to farmers outside of the city.

Given:

Coins = 50 paisa, 25 paisa and 10 paisa

Ratio = 5 : 8 : 3

Total amount = Rs. 144

Calculation:

Let the ratio be 5x, 8x and 3x

⇒ ${5x \over 2} + {8x \over 4} + {3x \over 10} = 144$

⇒ ${50x;+;40x;+;6x \over 20} = 144$

⇒ 50x + 40x + 6x = 2880

⇒ 96x = 2880 

⇒ x = 30

Number of 50 paise coins,

⇒ 5x

⇒ 5 × 30

⇒ 150

∴ The number of 50 paisa coins in the bag is 150.

The correct answer is 1950.

Key Points

• Planning Commission of India was established on the year 15th March 1950.
• The Prime Minister is the ex-officio Chairman of this Commission.
• There is no provision for (or mention of) the Planning Commission in the Constitution of India.
• It was constituted in the form of an advisory and specialist institution.
• It was constituted by the Union Cabinet on the proposal of a member of the Union Parliament.
• The government has changed its organization and structure from time to time.
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission.
• There is no fixed term/tenure of the Deputy Chairman and members of the Planning Commission.
• The commission estimates the physical capital and the human resources commission prepare plans for maximum effective and impartial use of national resources.
• The commission makes a critical analysis of each step and gives reformative suggestions.
• Final clearance to planning is given by the “National Development Council”.
• 1st national planning committee was set up in 1938 by Subhash Chandra Bose and chaired by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Additional Information 

• NITI Aayog Replaces Planning Commission: NITI (National Institution for Transforming India). It replaced Planning Commission in 2015 after 65 years by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The pattern followed here is:

Let's count the number of triangles in this figure.

 

 

Hence, the correct answer is "13".

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

1) Introducing a man, a woman said, "He is the only son of my mother's mother".

Clearly, woman is the Niece of the man.

Hence, the correct answer is "Niece".

The pattern followed here is:

Let's arrange it as per dictionary order.

1. Elect

2. Elector

3. Electric

4. Electrode

5. Electron

Clearly, Electric will come in the middle.

Hence, the correct answer is "Electric"

The correct answer is Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation.

Key Points

• In India's West Bengal state, the West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation, also known as HIDCO, is a public enterprise.
• Its main headquarter is in Narkelbagan, Action Area I of New Town in Kolkata.
• In the Indian state of West Bengal, it plans and implements buildings, projects, parks, museums, and other construction activities.
• Including subways, overbridges, and Monorail from Ultadanga to New Town via Salt Lake.

Additional Information

• It oversees construction projects in Rajarhat's surrounding areas as well as New Town in Kolkata, West Bengal.
• In accordance with the master plan, HIDCO has developed the LUDCP.
• It is building all infrastructure, including roads, drains, sewerage lines, water supply lines, significant beautification projects, and other significant works.
• HIDCO has created a number of well-known buildings, including the KMOMA, New Town Eco Park, Biswa Bangla Gate, International Finance Hub of Kolkata, Rabindra Tirtha, Nazrul Tirtha, Vocational Training Institute, N-S Corridor, Convention Center, etc.

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is Kamala Harris.

Key Points

Kamala Harris

• Kamala Harris is the first female Vice President of America.
• Kamala Harris became the first female vice president in American history at the inauguration of Joe Biden as the 46th president of the United States.
• Aside from being the first woman to take office as the vice president of the United States.
• Kamala Harris was the daughter of a Jamaican American father and Indian
• American mother is the first Black woman and the first Asian American to step into the role.

Additional InformationJoe Biden

• He is the 46th President of the USA.
• He is from Democratic Party.
• He also served as the 47th Vice President from 2009 to 2017 under Barack Obama's presidency.

Hillary Clinton

• She was the Presidential candidate from Democratic Party in the 2016 Presidential Election against Donald Trump.
• She was the wife of Bill Clinton who served as the 42nd President of the USA.

Barack Obama

• He was the 44h President of the USA from 2009 to 2017.
• He is from Democratic Party.
• He was the first African-American President of the USA.

Donald Trump

• He is the 45th President of the USA from 2017 to 2021.
• He is from Republican Party.
• He also contested the 2020 Presidential Election but lost to Joe Biden.

The pattern followed here is:

= 14 × 11 = 154 Middle number

Hence, the correct answer is "11".

The correct answer is Joyee Bridge

Key Points Joyee Bridge

• Joyee Setu or Joyee bridge is the longest river bridge in West Bengal
• It is connecting Haldibari and Mekhliganj towns in the Cooch Behar District of West Bengal.
• The bridge was launched on 1st February 2021.
• The length of the bridge is about 2.709 km long built across the Teesta river.

Howrah Bridge

• It is a balanced cantilever bridge.
• The Howrah Bridge is currently ranked the sixth-longest bridge of the balanced cantilever bridge type in the world. When commissioned in 1943, it was the 3rd-longest cantilever bridge in the world.
• At the time it was built the name given to it was the New Howrah Bridge.  It was renamed Rabindra Setu on 14 June 1965 after the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore.  But it is still popularly known by the name Howrah Bridge.
• It is linking the two cities Howrah and Kolkata (Calcutta).
• Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian and Asian to get a Nobel prize. He got a Nobel prize for Gitanjali in 1913 in the category of literature.

Farakka Bridge

• The rail-cum-road bridge built across the river Ganga at Farakka establishes direct road and rail communication links to the North-Eastern Region with the rest of the country.
• The approximate length of that bridge was 2.24 Km.
• The Hoogly-Bhagirathi river system, the Feeder Canal and the Navigation Lock at Farakka form part of the Haldia-Allahabad Inland Waterway National Waterway 1

Additional Information 

There are 4 bridges on the Hooghly River. The other three are:

1. Vidyasagar Setu (popularly called the Second Hooghly Bridge)
2. The Vivekananda Setu
3. The newly built Nivedita Setu.

The correct answer is November 26, 1949.

Key Points 

• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
• The provisions relating to citizenship, elections, provisional parliament, and temporary and transitional provisions were given immediate effect from November 26, 1949.
• The whole Constitution became effective on 26 January 1950.
• It is the longest-written constitution of any country on earth.
• B. R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.

Additional Information 

• The Drafting Committee had seven members:
• Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, N. Gopalaswami; B.R. Ambedkar, K.M Munshi, Mohammad Saadulla, B.L. Mitter and D.P. Khaitan.

Given:

x tan 45° sin 30° = cos 30° tan 30°

Concept used:

Trigonometric values

Calculation:

According to trigonometric table,

⇒ tan 45° = 1

⇒ sin 30° = $\frac{{ 1 }}{2}$

⇒ cos 30° = $\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}$

⇒ tan 30° = $\frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}$

Substitute the values,

⇒ x tan 45° sin 30° = cos 30° tan 30°

⇒ $(x) (1){ ({1 \over 2})} = ({\sqrt 3 \over 2 }) ({1 \over \sqrt3})$

⇒ ${x \over 2} = {1 \over 2}$

⇒ x = 1

∴ The value of x is 1.

The correct answer is Belgaum.

Key Points 

• Gandhiji became the president of the Indian National Congress in 1924 at the Belgaum session of the Indian National Congress.
• Indian National Congress was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.
• From the late 19th century and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.
• The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay in December 1885.

Additional Information 

• The first Session by presided over by W.C. Bannerjee in December 1885 in Bombay.
• The Second Session presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji was held at Calcutta in 1886.
• Mahatma Gandhi presided over the 39th Session in 1924 In Belgaum, Karnataka.
• 1925: Kanpur. President: Sarojini Naidu, First Indian Woman President.
• 1927: Madras. President: Dr. M.A. Ansari.
• 1931: Karachi. President: Vallabhbhai Patel.
• The early leadership – Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, among others was largely from Bombay and Calcutta.
• The formation of the Indian National Congress was an effort in the direction of promoting the process of nation-building.

The correct pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "96".

The correct answer is ​Kuchipudi.

Key Points

• Kuchipudi is the name of a village in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh.
• It is about 35 km. from Vijayawada.
• Kuchipudi largely developed as a Hindu god Krishna-oriented Vaishnavism tradition.
• Kuchipudi is not only a dance, but a fine amalgamation of dance, gestures, speech, and song.
• It originated in Andhra Pradesh in the 17th century.
• It originated with the creation by Sidhyendra Yogi of the dance-drama Bhama Kalapam, a story of Satyabhāma, the charming but jealous wife of the god Krishna.

Additional Information 

• The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognizes 8 classical dances in India.
• 8 Classical Dances of India and States:

The correct answer is Convex lens.

Key Points

• Convex lenses are used in the projector in the theatre.
• Both of the Convex lenses' sides have an outward curvature.
• Actually, the magnifying glass just has a convex lens.
• When light enters it, we see an image on the screen that is inverted and greater than the size of the object.
• Therefore, the video that is displayed on the screen is actually an inverted version that is playing inside the projector.
• So it appears upright to us.

Additional Information

• To make distant items appear closer, small objects appear larger, and hazy objects appear clear, for instance, people have utilised lenses (i.e. magnifying glasses and corrective lenses).
• Convex and concave lenses are two types of basic lenses that are employed to carry out these duties.

Concave Lenses:

• A concave lens is one that bends a straight light beam away from the source and focuses it into a distorted, upright virtual image.
• Both actual and virtual images can be created using it.
• At least one internal surface of concave lenses is curved.
• Since it is rounded at the centre and bulges outward at the borders, a concave lens is also known as a diverging lens because it causes the light to diverge.
• Since they make distant objects appear smaller than they actually are, they are used to cure myopia.

Given:

A = 20 days

B = 30 days

Calculation:

One day work of A = ${1 \over 20}$

One day work of B = ${1 \over 30}$

One day work of A and B

⇒ A + B = ${1 \over 20} + {1 \over 30}$

⇒ A + B = ${50 \over 600}$

When A and B work together

⇒ A + B = ${600 \over 50}$

⇒ A + B = 12

∴ A and B to together completes the work in 12 days.

The pattern followed here is:

1. Tiny → Tiny means very small.

2. Big → Big means large.

3. Trivial → Little important

4. Small → Not large in size.

Here, Tiny, Trivial, and Small all are synonyms of each other. But big is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "Big".

The correct answer is Butane and propane

Key Points

• LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas.
• LPG is composed of hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms.
• The normal components of LPG thus, are propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10).
• LPG is a hydrocarbon-based combustible gas.
• LPG is the generic name of the butane and propane gases and their mixtures in different proportions.

Additional Information​ 

• Argon is a chemical element with the symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is a noble gas. It is in group 18 of the periodic table.
• Methane gas is found in small quantities in Earth's atmosphere. Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
• Butane is a colourless gas with a faint petroleum-like odour. Transportation may be stretched. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapour pressure.
• Propane is a flammable hydrocarbon gas. It is liquefied through pressurization and commonly used for fuel in heating, cooking, etc.
• ​Isobutane is a colourless gas with a faint petroleum-like odour. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapour pressure. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. It is easily ignited. Isobutane vapours are heavier than air and its
  

Chemical Formula of Isobutane C4H10.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "HPU".

The correct answer is Extremely hot.

Confusion Points

• As per the fact, without an Atmosphere around the earth, Earth's temperature increases extremely during the day time to (110 degrees).
• It also decreases extremely during the nighttime till (-190 degrees).
• so the earth will face both extremely hot and cold.

Key Points

• The atmosphere's gases absorb solar radiation and prevent the earth from high-intensity radiation from the sun.
• Earth's atmosphere also prevents harmful radiations like UV rays and x-rays from the sun.
• The sun's heat would heat the Earth during the day and escape during the night if there were no atmosphere.
• As a result, the Earth's temperature would rise during the day.
• But, the temperature will fall at night if there was no atmosphere surrounding it.

Important Points

• Our planet's atmosphere is a layer of gas.
• Gases encircle the earth and are held in place by the planet's gravity.
• The atmosphere's greenhouse gases absorb solar energy from the sun during the day and prevent it from escaping at night.
• As a result, they serve as insulation.
• They contribute to keeping the Earth's temperature constant.

Additional Information

• The temperature around the moon varies from -190 degrees Celsius to 110 degrees Celsius since there is no atmosphere.
• Heat doesn't conduct well via air.
• The average temperature of the planet is essentially constant throughout the atmosphere both during the day and at night.
• It avoids a sharp rise in temperature during the day.
• Additionally, it slows the pace at which heat escapes during the night.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "27P".

The correct answer is Pali.

Key Points

• The Pali canon, also known as Tipitaka in Pali or Tripitaka in Sanskrit, is the entirety of the Theravada ("Way of the Elders") school of Buddhism.
• It was initially documented in Pali.
• Even if additional writings (in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, and other languages) are revered by the Mahayana ("Greater Vehicle") schools.
• They are not recognized as canonical by Theravada Buddhists.
• They are nonetheless considered part of their sacred texts.
• The teachings are contained in three volumes:
• The Vinaya Pitaka: primary subject matter is the monastic rules for monks and nuns.
• The Sutta Pitaka: contains more than 10,000 suttas (teachings) attributed to the Buddha or his close companions.
• The Abhidhamma Piṭaka:  It is a detailed scholastic analysis and summary of the Buddha's teachings in the Suttas.

Additional InformationThe other important Buddhist Scriptures are:

Deepvamsha

• The oldest historical record of Sri Lanka was compiled in the 4th century.
• It is a crude, unpolished perhaps the first attempt to write in the Pali language.
• It emphasizes the Buddhist religion rather than political history and the time span of its narrative.

Mahavansha

• It is the chronological history of Ceylon aka modern Sri Lanka.
• Written in the 5th or 6th century, probably by the Buddhist monk Mahanama.
• It deals with the history of Buddhism and with the dynastic succession of Ceylon and covers the period from the 6th century BC to the 4th century AD.

Milind Panho

• It is a lively dialogue on Buddhist doctrine with questions and dilemmas asked by King Milinda aka Menander and answered by Nagasena, a senior monk.
• Composed in Northern India in the 1st or 2nd century by an unknown author.

The correct answer is Eye.

Explanation:-

• Glands: Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The ANS regulates the secretion of various glands, including salivary glands, sweat glands, and endocrine glands.
• Heart: Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The ANS regulates heart rate and cardiac function through sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs.
• Eye: Not primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The muscles responsible for voluntary eye movements are controlled by the somatic nervous system. However, certain autonomic reflexes, such as the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex, involve the ANS.
• Uterus: Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The ANS regulates uterine contractions during labor and delivery, as well as other functions of the female reproductive system.

 

Key Points

Autonomous Nervous System

• It is a complex set of neurons that mediate internal homeostasis without conscious intervention or voluntary control.
• The ANS maintains blood pressure, regulates the rate of breathing, influences digestion, and urination, and modulates sexual arousal.
• There are two main branches of the ANS – the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
• The Autonomic nervous system is of two types sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
• The sympathetic nervous system is associated with flight or flight responses this is characterised by the release of large quantities of epinephrine from the adrenal gland an increase in heart rate an increase in cardiac output skeletal muscle dilation cutaneous and gastrointestinal contraction pupillary dilation bronchial dilation piloerection occurs.
• The Parasympathetic nervous system predominates in quiet rest and digestion conditions the main purpose of the parasympathetic nervous system is to conserve energy to be used later and regulate bodily activities like digestion and urination.

Additional Information 

The nervous system in humans

1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System

Central nervous system:-

• The part of the nervous system that controls the whole body and the nervous system itself is called the central nervous system.
• The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
• The sensations received from the nerves in these organs are analyzed.

Peripheral nervous system-

• The peripheral nervous system is the part of the nervous system made up of sensory neurons and other neurons that connect the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system.
• It has only a group of nerves, which extends from the spinal cord to the organs on both sides of the body.
• The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves that originate from the brain and spinal cord.
• The peripheral nervous system is divided into two parts-

1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomous Nervous System

Given:

LCM = 315

HCF = 7

One number = 35

Concept used:

Product of two numbers = LCM × HCF

Calculation:

Let the other number be 'x'

⇒ 35 × x = 315 × 7

⇒ 35x = 2205

⇒ x = $2205 \over 35$

⇒ x = 63

∴ The other number is 63.

Given:

A sum of money when increased by  $\frac{1}{7}$  (part) becomes Rs 40

Calculation:

Let the original sum be 'x'

From the given data,

⇒ $x + {x \over 7} = 40$

⇒ ${7x ;+;x \over 7} = 40$

⇒ ${8x \over 7} = 40$

⇒ $x = {{40 × 7} \over 8}$

⇒ x = 5 × 7

⇒ x = 35

∴ The original sum of money is Rs. 35.

The correct answer is Fishing Cat.

Key Points

West Bengal

• Emblem of West Bengal - The "Emblem of West Bengal" is the "Official Seal " of the state government of West Bengal.
• "White-throated kingfisher" is the state bird of West Bengal.
• "Chatim Tree" is the West Bengal state tree and its scientific name is "Alstonia scholars".
• "Night-flowering jasmine" is the state flower of West Bengal.
• "Fishing Cat" is the state animal of West Bengal and its scientific name is "Prionailurus Viverrinus".
• Current Chief Minister: Mamata Banerjee (since 2011) from All India Trinamool Congress
• Current Governor: Dr C.V. Ananda Bose assumed charge of the office of the Governor of West Bengal on 23rd Nov 2022.

Additional Information 

• West Bengal State was Established on 1 November 1956.
• That extends from Latitude 85°48'20"E to 89°53'04"E and Longitude 27°13'15"N to 21°25'24"N.
• The Neighbouring International Countries are Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
• Total Geographical Area of 88,752 Sq Km(34,267 sq mi) and 14th largest state in India.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

1) A is brother of B. B is daughter of C and D is father of A. 

Clearly, C is the wife of D.

Hence, the correct answer is "Wife".

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key PointsLothal

• Lothal was the first man-made port in the world and a dockyard made of burnt bricks.
• Lothal is a coastal site in the state of Gujarat and was an important trading centre during the Harappan period.
• The artificial dockyard (the most striking feature) in Lothal signifies its importance as a trading centre.
• The site was discovered by SR Rao in 1964.
• It is situated on the banks of the Bhogava river, a tributary of the Sabarmati River.
• It is the only site belonging to Harappan culture where evidence of rice has been found.

Findings at Lothal:

• A dockyard,
• rice husk,
• fire altars,
• painted jar,
• modern-day chess,
• terracotta figures of horse and ship,
• instruments for measuring 45, 90, and 180-degree angles,
• the practice of burial of cremated remains.
• Depiction of a ship on a seal.

Additional InformationKalibangan

• Kalibangan is a part of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization located in Hanumangarh district Rajasthan in 1952-53.
• Initially, Amlanand Ghosh identified Kalibangan as the site of the Harappan civilization and excavated in the year 1952-53 later the excavation was carried out by B.B. Lal and Balkrishna Thapar.
• Important Findings- Ploughed furrow, fire altar, Camel bones etc.
• Kalibangan was also known as the third capital city of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Surkotada

• It is a small site northeast of Bhuj, in Gujarat.
• It was discovered and excavated by Shri Jagat Pati Joshi of ASI in 1964-1968.
• It has pieces of evidence of the practice of pot burial.
• It is the only Indus Valley site where the remains of a horse have actually been found.
• The Harappans came to Surkotada around 2300 B.C. and built a fortified citadel and residential annexe, made of mud brick, mud lumps, and rubble, containing houses with bathrooms and drains.

Dholavira

• It was excavated by J P Joshi in 1967-68.
• It is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, Gujarat.
• Evidence of a unique water management system, Harapan inscription, and the stadium has been found here.

The pattern followed here is:

Given: 117 L 3 K 5 M 12 D 8 = ?

After putting mathematical sign we get:

⇒117 ÷ 3 - 5 + 12 × 8

⇒ 39 - 5 + 12 × 8

⇒ 39 - 5 + 96

⇒135 - 5

⇒130

Hence, the correct answer is "130".

The Correct Answer is Dioptre.

Key Points 

• A dioptre- British spelling or diopter (American spelling) is a unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens or a curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters.
• 1 dioptre = 1 m−1.
• It is thus a unit of reciprocal length.

Additional Information 

• A watt is a unit of power or radiant flux. In the International System of Units, it is defined as a derived unit of 1 kg⋅m²⋅s⁻³ or, equivalently, 1 joule per second.
• The watt is named after James Watt, an 18th-century Scottish inventor.
• The coulomb is the International System of Units unit of electric charge.
• The Metre and  Centimetre is the SI base unit of length first introduced as a unit of length in the metric systems it is the base unit of length in the International System of Units.

The correct answer is Thailand.

Key Points

• “Cyclone" is an intense whirl in the atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it.
• It is in an anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in the clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) issue cyclone advisors to eight countries have a list of names contributed by each of them.
• A name is picked in the order of the names that are already submitted, every time a cyclone occurs.
• Each country has a chance to name a cyclone.

Additional Information Important cyclones:

The correct logic followed here is:

Given: a_bc_a_bcda_ccd_bcd_

1. aabcd/abbcd/acccd/abcdd → (Does not follow the correct cycle of the alphabet)
2. aabcb/adbcd/adccd/bbcdd → (Does not follow the correct cycle of the alphabet)
3. aabcd/abbcd/abccd/abcdd → (Follow the correct cycle of the alphabet)
4. aabcc/abbcd/adccd/bbcdb → (Does not follow the correct cycle of the alphabet)

• aabcd/abbcd/abccd/abcdd → (It the correct pattern)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is Ashapurna Devi.

Key Points

• The first book of a trilogy, followed by Subarnalata and Bakul Katha, is Pratham Pratishruti.
• The trilogy followed three generations of women through Bengal's shifting rural and urban environments throughout the course of the 20th century.
• Ashapurna Devi in this novel; discusses the conflicting demands placed on women in modern Bengali society in her writings.
• In its original 1964 publication, Pratham Pratishruti chronicles the life of rebel Satyabati, who was forced into marriage at the age of eight in order to uphold societal customs.
• It was subjected to rigorous Brahmanical rules.

Additional Information

• Satyabati—the perpetual seeker of the truth—refused to accept her predetermined fate as an "oppressed subject" and fought valiantly against the patriarchal rule, the psychological brutality of the kulin polygamy system, and misogynistic stereotypes.
• She had no idea that she was making history, but her perseverance gave the third generation of women in her family the courage to move forward.
• Through Satyabati, Ashapurna exposes the double standards that are pervasive in Bengali society.
• It overlooked interior spaces overshadowed by the "larger than life" political conflicts, against the backdrop of pre-independent India's anti-colonial struggle.
• It constructs women's demands around women's domestic, beyond the domestic issues regarding domestic and a rallying cry against patriarchal injunctions to raise awareness about the need for developing equality.

The correct answer is Oracle.

Key Points

• Oracle is not an Operating System.
• It is a multi-model database management system.

 Additional Information

• An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
• Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface(GUI).
• Operating System is the interface between the user and the computer.
• It is called the Interface because it converts the commands given by the user to language that the computer can understand (machine language) and vice versa.

List of Operating Systems:

1. Linux
2. Unix
3. macOS
4. Android
5. MS-DOS
6. Ubuntu
7. Solaris
8. Windows
9. MINIX

Given:

$\left( {999\frac{1}{7} + 999\frac{2}{7} + 999\frac{3}{7} + 999\frac{4}{7} + 999\frac{5}{7} + 999\frac{6}{7}} \right)$

Calculation:

⇒ (999 × 6) + ${1 \over 7} (1;+;2;+;3;+;4;+;5;+;6)$

⇒ 5994 + $({21 \over 7})$

⇒ 5994 + 3

⇒ 5997

∴ ${999\frac{1}{7} + 999\frac{2}{7} + 999\frac{3}{7} + 999\frac{4}{7} + 999\frac{5}{7} + 999\frac{6}{7}} = 5997$

The correct answer is 2007.

Key PointsT20 World Cup.

• ​Under MS Dhoni's direction, India became the first team to win the T20 World Cup.
• In the championship match, India defeated Pakistan to win the 2007 T20 World Cup.
• In the entire competition, India only lost once, to New Zealand in the Super 8.
• Shahid Afridi from Pakistan country was named Player of the Series in this competition.

Additional Information

• The ICC Men's T20 World Cup is the name of the international Twenty20 tournament (formerly known as the ICC World Twenty20).
• Six additional teams were chosen through the T20 World Cup Qualifier, which is organised by the International Cricket Council, cricket's regulatory body (ICC).
• The top 10 teams in the rankings as of the deadline are among the 16 teams competing in this competition.
• The competition has traditionally happened every two years.
• In May 2016, the ICC suggested staging a competition in 2018, with South Africa as a potential host.
• But after the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, the ICC gave up on the idea.

The correct answer is 1st September.

Key Points

• The West Bengal Government observes September 1 as Police Day.
• This is mainly the recognition of the work done by the men in uniform, especially during the stressful COVID-19 pandemic.

Additional Information

• August 16 is observed as Khela Hobe Dibas in West Bengal.
• In 2021 West Bengal CM Mamta Banerjee announced that August 16 would be observed as Khela Hobe Dibas.
• 21st of July is celebrated as Martyr's Day by the ruling political party of West Bengal.
• It is in remembrance of 13 people shot by the West Bengal Police in Kolkata.
• During a rally by the West Bengal Youth Congress under Mamata Bandopadhyay on 21 July 1993.

The correct pattern followed here is:

Rs 710 is divided between A, B, and C.

Let's B has amount X

Then A = 40 + X and C = X + 40 + 30 = X = 70

A + B + C = 710 Rs

⇒ X + X + 40 + 70 + X = 710

⇒ 3X + 110 = 710

⇒ 3X = 600

⇒ X = 200

Then C's share = X + 70

⇒ 200 + 70 = 270

Hence, the correct answer is "270".

The correct answer is ​A.P.J Abdul Kalam.

Key Points

• A.P.J Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India.
• He served as the President of India from 2002 to 2007.
• 'Wings of Fire' is the autobiography of A.P.J Abdul Kalam.
• He is the first scientist to become the President of India.
• He is the first President of India to visit the Siachen glacier.
• He is the first President to vote in the Assembly election.
• The concept of the PURA(Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas) scheme was given by A.P.J Abdul Kalam.
• Billion beats e-newspaper was started by A.P.J Abdul Kalam.
• He was honoured with the Bharat Ratna award in 1997.

Additional Information Notable works of A.P.J Abdul Kalam are:

• India 2020.
• Ignited Minds.
• Indomitable Spirit.
• Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity.

The logic followed here is:

The correct Venn diagram represents the relation between Women, Mothers, and Engineers.

All mothers are women. Some mothers and women can be engineers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

25% of a number

30% of 150

Sum = 75

Calculation:

Let the number be 'x'

⇒ 25% of a number = ${25 \over 100}x$

⇒ 30% of 150 = ${30 \over 100}(150) = 45$

Now,

⇒ ${25 \over 100}x + 45 = 75$

⇒ ${25 \over 100}x = 75 - 45$

⇒ ${25 \over 100}x = 30$

⇒ 25x = 3000

⇒ x = ${3000 \over 25}$

⇒ x = 120

∴ The number is 120.

The correct answer is Cotton.

Key Points

Rabi crops

• It is also known as winter crops, which are the crops that are grown in the winter season (October or November).
• Their seeds are sown at the beginning of the winter season and the crop is harvested at the end of the winter season or in the spring season.
• The rabi crops are cultivated in the dry season so timely irrigation is required to grow these crops.
• Some of the main rabi crops of India include wheat, gram, oat, barley, potato, and seeds like mustard, linseed, sunflower, coriander, cumin, etc.
• Kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet/ragi (cereals), Arhar (pulses), Soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton etc.

Additional Information Kharif crops,

• They are also known as monsoon crops, which are crops that are grown during the monsoon or rainy season (June to October).
• Their seeds are sown at the beginning of the monsoon season and the crops are harvested at the end of the monsoon season.

Kharif crops depend on rainfall patterns.

• The timing and quantity of rainwater are the two important factors that decide the output of Kharif crops.
• The main Kharif crops grown in India include paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, sugarcane, groundnut, pulses etc.
• The sowing time may vary in the different states of India as it depends on the arrival of the monsoon, e.g. in southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu the seeds are usually sown towards the end of May and in northern states like Punjab, Haryana the seeds are sown in the month of June.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• On December 1, India assumed the UN Security Council's (UNSC) monthly rotating presidency for the second time in UNSC.
• During its two-year term in 2021–2022 as an elected member of the Council.
• In August 2021, India had previously assumed the UNSC presidency for a period of 2 years.
• India will host a "high-level open debate" before the Security Council on December 14 titled "Maintenance of International Peace and Security: New Orientation for Reformed Multilateralism."
• The UN is at the centre of the New Orientation for Reformed Multilateralism (NORMS), which calls for changes to the existing multilateral framework to make it more representative and useful.

Additional Information

• The Security Council is principally responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
• Its fifteen members each have one vote.
• All Members are obliged to follow Council decisions under the United Nations Charter.
• The Security Council is in charge of determining if there is aggression or a threat to the peace.
• It encourages parties to a problem to resolve it amicably and offers alternatives to modify the terms of settlement.
• In order to maintain or restore international peace and security, the Security Council occasionally has the option of imposing sanctions or even approving the use of force.

Given:

A tube can empty one third of a reservoir in 3 minutes

Calculation:

From the given data,

${1 \over 3} = 3$

$x ={7 {1 \over 2}} = {15 \over 2}$

So,

Part of the reservoir,

Cross multiply

{${1 \over 3} = 3$

$x = {15 \over 2}$}

⇒ ${1 \over 3} × {15 \over 2} = 3x$

⇒ ${15 \over 6} = 3x$

⇒ 15 = 18x

⇒ $x = {15 \over 18} = {5 \over 6}$

∴ The ${5 \over 6}$ part of reservoir can be filled in ${7 {1 \over 2}}$ minutes.

The pattern followed here is:

1) R sits to the right of P and second to the left of S.

2)  T does not sit between P and S.

(Only one seat is vacant for Q)

Clearly, Q sits second to the left of R.

Hence, the correct answer is "Q".

The correct answer is Aedes.​

Key Points

• The Aedes mosquito is responsible for dengue infection.
• Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito.
• Symptoms range from mild to severe. Severe symptoms include dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).
• The best method of prevention is to avoid mosquito bites. Treatment is possible if a diagnosis occurs before the patient develops DSS or DHF.
• Dengue is endemic in at least 100 countries in Asia, the Pacific, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean.
• Symptoms usually begin 4 to 7 days after the mosquito bite and typically last 3 to 10 days.

Additional InformationCulex

• Culex, a large group of mosquitoes also known as common house mosquitoes, are the principal vectors that spread the viruses that cause West Nile fever, St. Louis encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis, as well as viral diseases of birds and horses.

Anopheles

• ​Anopheles is a genus of mosquitoes first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818.
• The biting female Anopheles mosquito may carry malaria. Male mosquitoes do not bite so cannot transmit malaria or other diseases.

Mansonia

• ​Mansonia mosquitoes are big, black, or brown mosquitoes with sparkling on their wings and legs.
• They breed in ponds and lakes containing certain aquatic plants, especially the floating type like Pistia stratiotes and water hyacinth.

The correct answer is ROM.

Key Points

• A non-volatile memory type is a read-only memory (ROM).
• This indicates that it takes in data, and permanently records it on a chip.
• It keeps working long after your computer has been turned off.
• It is useful for things like your printer software or your starting programmes since the data is encoded so that it cannot be altered.
• Your ROM data cannot be changed by doing standard computer tasks.

Additional InformationRAM

• Random-access memory, or RAM, is a category of volatile memory.
• Transistors, which are used by RAM to store data, require power to function.
• Any data on this RAM is lost every time you shut down your computer.
• In other words, RAM may be readily increased or decreased.

​A.L.U

• ​An arithmetic logic unit in computing is a combinational digital circuit that works with integer binary numbers to execute arithmetic and bitwise operations.
• A floating-point unit, on the other hand, works with floating-point numbers.

Cache Memory

• Cache memory, often known as cache, is an additional memory system that short-term stores frequently used data and instructions for the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to process more quickly.
• The cache is an addition to and an extension of the primary memory of a computer.​

Given:

Profit at the end of the year = Rs. 900

Calculation:

Let us consider the total investment as 'x'

⇒ A contirbution = x/3

⇒ Contribution of A and C = 2x/3

Let B's contribution be 'y'

C contribution = 2x/3 = y

From the given data,

y = (2x/3 - y) + x/3

y = x - y

y = x/2

⇒ C's contribution = 2x/3 - x/2 = x/6

The share of all the partners is proportionate to x/3, x/2 and x/6

Therefore, the ratios are 1/3 : 1/2 : 1/6 = 4 : 6 : 2

⇒ C receives = 2/12 × 900 = 150

∴ C will receive Rs. 150.

The correct answer is Onam.

Key Points

• Onam is an annual harvest festival in Kerala that is mostly observed by Keralan Hindus.
• It is the official festival of the Kerala state and a significant annual event for people in Kerala.
• It is featuring a variety of cultural activities.
• Onam honours King Mahabali and Vamana.

Important Points

• According to Hindu tradition, Onam is observed in Kerala as a festivity of good governance that was under the reign of the fabulous daitya monarch Mahabali, who formerly held power there.
• According to tradition, the devas and gods colluded to erect Mahabali because they were invidious of his fame and dominance.
• They despatched Vamana, a bitsy Brahmin, to Earth where he crushed Mahabali to patala( demiworld).
• Vamana requested from the kind Mahabali three bases of land as his want.
• Mahabali acceded to granting Vamana's request because it's considered sacrilege to refuse presents to Brahmin.

Given:

Ratio = 5 : 8

Difference = 69

Calculation:

Let the number be 5x and 8x

From the given data,

⇒ 8x - 5x = 69

⇒ 3x = 69

⇒ x = $69 \over 3$

⇒ x = 23

⇒ Smaller number = 5x = 5(23) = 115

 Greater number = 8x = 8(23) = 184

∴ The greater number is 184.

Solution:

1. Reena and Sunita's Ages:    - Reena is twice as old as Sunita.    - If we assume Sunita's age is S, then Reena's age is 2S.
2. Shravani and Namita's Ages:    - Namita is younger than Shravani.    - Shravani is older than Sunita.
3. Kakali's Age:    - Kakali's age is twice that of Shravani.    - If we assume Shravani's age is T, then Kakali's age is 2T .

Now, let's determine their ages relative to each other:

• Sunita's age is  S
• Reena's age is 2S
• Shravani's age is T
• Namita is younger than Shravani.
• Kakali's age is 2T

Given the relationships, we need to find who is in the middle according to age. Let's compare their ages:

1. Reena and Sunita:    - Reena 2S is older than Sunita S.
2. Shravani and Sunita:    - Shravani T is older than Sunita S
3. Kakali and Shravani:   - Kakali 2T is older than Shravani T

Since Namita is younger than Shravani but no specific age is given, we can only focus on the ones with clear relationships:

• Reena 2S
• Sunita S
• Shravani T
• Kakali 2T

To be in the middle, an individual must have others both older and younger than them. Considering the ages:

• If T > S, Shravani is older than Sunita, and since Kakali 2T is older than Shravani, Shravani T fits in the middle.

Therefore, the person in the middle according to age is 3) Shravani

The correct answer is Lahore**(1929).**

Key Points 

• On January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress (INC) issued the Poorna Swaraj declaration.
• It was promulgated by the INC on 19 December 1929 in its Lahore session under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• On December 31, 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian flag on the banks of the Ravi River in Lahore.
• The Congress requested that India's citizens mark January 26 as Independence Day.

Additional Information 

• The national song ‘Vande Mataram’ was sung for the first time at the Calcutta session in 1896.
• The first session of INC was held in Bombay in 1885.
• Congress leaders were divided into two factions: Moderates and Extremists at the Surat session in 1907.

Important PointsImportant sessions of Indian National Congress (INC): 

Given:

Father is 6 times as old as son

Calculation:

Let,

The age of son = x

The age of father = 6x

After 6 years,

The age of son = x + 6

The age of father = 6x + 6

From the given data we know that, father's age is 3 times as son after 6 years

Then,

⇒ 3 (x + 6) = 6x + 6 

⇒ 3x + 18 = 6x + 6

⇒ 18 - 6 = 6x - 3x

⇒ 12 = 3x

⇒ x = 4

We know that, we have considered the age of father as 6x

⇒ Age of father = 24.

∴ The present age of father is 24 years.

The correct answer is Pascal.

Key Points

• Pascal
• The pascal (Pa) is the unit of pressure or stress in the International System of Units (SI).
• It is named after the scientist and mathematician Blaise Pascal.
• One pascal is equivalent to 1 newton (N) of force applied over an area of 1 square meter (m2).

Additional Information

• Units of Energy:
• Energy is the capacity to do work.
• It is neither created nor destroyed.
• Joule:
• Joule is the SI unit of Energy.
• Joule is the unit of work/energy in the International System of Units or (SI).
• The unit Joule is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule.
• Erg:
• The unit of energy expressed in centimetre-gram-second (cgs) is called erg.
• 1 erg = 10-7 J
• Calorie:
• The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C or 1 Kelvin is called Calorie.
• A calorie is a unit of energy commonly used in nutrition.
• 1 calorie = 4.186 J

The pattern followed here is:

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) + + = -

Given: 16 * 4 * 5 * 14 * 6

⇒ 16 + 4 + 5 = 14 - 6

⇒ 25 ≠ 10

Option 2) + - = ×

Given: 16 * 4 * 5 * 14 * 6

⇒ 16 + 4 - 5 = 14 × 6

⇒ 20 - 5 = 84

⇒ 15 ≠ 84

Option 3) ÷ × = +

Given: 16 * 4 * 5 * 14 * 6

⇒ 16 ÷ 4 × 5 = 14 + 6

⇒ 4 × 5 = 20

⇒ 20 = 20

Option 4) - × + =

Given:16 * 4 * 5 * 14 * 6

⇒16 - 4 × 5 + 14 = 6

⇒ 16 - 20 + 14 = 6

⇒ 30 - 20 = 6

⇒ 10 ≠ 6

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is Sanskrit.

Key Points 

• Sanskrit was the official language of the Gupta period and was used for literary and academic purposes
• while Prakrit was the vernacular language that is, it was the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people.
• The Age of the Guptas is the most significant in the history of ancient India.
• The dynasty was no doubt founded by Srigupta but its real founder was considered to be Chandragupta I.
• Samudragupta and Chandragupta II were two of its most powerful and greatest kings.

Additional Information

Some famous events during the rule of Gupta Kings:

• The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
• Out of his nine years of stay in India, he spent six years in the Gupta empire.
• Chandragupta II waged war against the Saka satraps of western India.
• Rudrasimha III, the last ruler of the Saka satrap was defeated, dethroned, and killed. His territories in western Malwa and the Kathiawar Peninsula were annexed into the Gupta Empire.
• Kumaragupta laid the foundation of Nalanda University.