UPSSSC PET Official Paper (Held on: 16 October 2022 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Acemoney.

Key Points

• Acemoney has launched UPI 123Pay payments and wearable ATM cards.

Additional Information

• ​​UPI 123Pay payment allows people to do cashless transactions without a smartphone or internet connection using feature phones.
• Wearable ATM cards are gadgets designed in the form of key chains and rings.
• Which enable people to do cashless transactions without ATM cards and phones.
• Mastercard -
• It is a leading global payments & technology company.
• It connects consumers, businesses, merchants, issuers & governments around the world.
• Visa -
• It is an American multinational financial services corporation.
• It facilitates electronic funds transfers.
• RuPay -
• It is an Indian multinational financial services and payment service system.
• It launched by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

The correct answer is Sri Lanka; Maldives.

Key Points

• Our neighbors across the ocean to the south of India are Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

Additional Information

• ​Maldives is located to the south of the Lakshadweep group.
• The short sea route between India and Sri Lanka is the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
• Seychelles -
• ​It is located in the Indian Ocean, about 1500 km east of the African mainland and northeast of Madagascar.
• It is bordered by Zanzibar to the west, Mauritius and Réunion to the south, Comoros and Mayotte to the southwest, and the Suvadives of Maldives to the northeast.
• The capital of Seychelles is Victoria.
• Australia -
• It is the smallest continent in the world.
• The capital of Australia is Canberra.
• The five largest cities in the country are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide.

The correct answer is Muscat.

Key Points

• Oman -
• It is a Muslim country located in the east-south of the Arabian Peninsula.
• This country comes under the continent of Asia.
• Muscat is not only the capital of Oman but also its largest city.

Additional Information

• ​Manama -
• It is the capital and largest city of Bahrain.
• It developed into a trade, financial and commercial center.
• This metropolis has a diverse population with tall buildings and skyscrapers.
• Male is the capital of Maldives.
• Moscow is the capital of Russia.

The correct answer is Bajaj Allianz General Insurance.

Key Points

• Bajaj Allianz General Insurance has launched ‘Global Health Care.
• It is a comprehensive health indemnity insurance product.
• It provides cover to a policyholder for planned as well as an emergency treatment both in India and abroad.

Additional Information

• ​HDFC ERGO General Insurance Company Limited -
• It was established in the year 2002 to meet the insurance-related needs of the people.
• Presently, the company operates in 89 cities in India and has more than 109 branches.
• SBI Life Insurance -
• It is established in 2001.
• It is a joint venture between the State Bank of India and the French financial institution BNP Paribas Cardiff.
• It has a diverse product portfolio with traditional life insurance plans, child plans, pension plans, and savings plans.
• ICICI Lombard -
• It is a general insurance company in India.
• It is engaged in general insurance, reinsurance, insurance claims management, and investment management.

The correct answer is Ganesh Mavlankar.

Key Points

• Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar (GV Mavalankar) -
• He was the first Lok Sabha Speaker of the Indian Lok Sabha.
• Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Indian Parliament.
• He was affectionately called 'Dadasaheb'.
• He actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and Salt Satyagraha.

Additional Information

• ​K.S. Hegde -
• His full name is Kavadur Sadanand Hegde.
• He was an Indian jurist, politician, and educationist.
• He was the Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha.
• M.A. Ayyangar -
• He was the second Lok Sabha Speaker of India.
• Apart from this, he was a lawyer, social worker, and freedom fighter.
• Hukam Singh -
• He was an Indian politician and Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1962 to 1967.
• Apart from this, he was also the Governor of Rajasthan from 1967 to 1972.

The correct answer is 1 May.

Key Points

• International Labor Day is celebrated globally on 1 May every year.
• It is also known as International Workers' Day and May Day.
• The day is celebrated to spread awareness about the rights of labor and to mark their achievements.

Additional Information

• 12 December -
• It is observed every year by the United Nations as International Neutrality Day.
• 1 August.-
• It is celebrated every year on this day as 'Yorkshire Day.
• It is the largest country in the UK.
• The day is celebrated to honor all of the country's history to its most memorable residents.
• 15 April -
• Himachal Day is celebrated on this day.
• On this day in 1948, Himachal Pradesh was created as a province of India.

The correct answer is Udaipur.

Key Points

• Udaipur was founded in 1559 by Maharana Udai Singh, father of Maharana Pratap.
• It is also called the 'Venice of the East due to its many beautiful lakes.
• Every year a large number of tourists from all over the country and abroad arrive here.
• There are many unique structures made of marble and for this reason, this city has been named the White City.

Additional Information

• ​Bikaner -
• It has developed into the fourth-largest city in Rajasthan.
• Rao Bika established the city of Bikaner in 1488.
• Ajmer -
• It is one of the major and oldest cities in Rajasthan.
• It is located in the center of Rajasthan.
• It is one of the most important destinations for Islamic pilgrimage in South Asia.
• Jaipur -
• It is the capital and largest city of Rajasthan.
• It is also known as Pink City.
• It was founded in 1727 by the Kachhwaha Rajput ruler Jai Singh II.

The correct answer is Aizawl.

Key Points

• Aizawl is the capital of the Indian state of Mizoram.
• Mizoram is located in North-East India.

Additional Information

• Daman - 
• It is the capital city of the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
• Gujarat is the nearest city to Daman.​
• Kavaratti -
• It is the capital of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep in India.
• It is a part of the Lakshadweep Islands.
• The name of the island on which it is situated is also Kavaratti.
• Puducherry -
• It is the capital of Puducherry in India.
• This city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India.

The correct answer is Baseball.

Key Points

• The national sport of America is 'Baseball'.
• It is an American sport played with a bat and ball.
• The first baseball game was played in England in 1846, but North America actually gave it a new look by making some changes to it.
• It was declared the national game of the United States of America at the end of the 19^th century.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• Hind Swaraj -
• This is a book written by Gandhiji.
• Its original composition was in Gujarati in 1909.

Additional Information

• Jawaharlal Nehru -
• His famus book is Discovery of India.
• This book was written during his five months' imprisonment in the Ahmednagar Fort in the year 1944 during the independence movement.
• His book was published in 1946.
• Sarojini Naidu -
• She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress.
• She is also known as Nightingale of India. This title was given to him by Gandhiji.
• The Broken Wing in India - Songs of Love, Death and Destiny, first published in 1917, is a collection of poems by Indian poet and activist Sarojini Naidu.
• The Golden Threshold is a poem written by Sarojini Naidu.
• Sardar Patel is known as 'The Iron Man of India'.
• The Famous Book of Mahatma Gandhi is 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth'.

The correct answer is pollution and environmental damage.

Key Points

• Green Accounting -
• It is such a method of estimating national income,
• In this, the weathering costs of the natural resources used in the enhancement of the national product are deducted from the national product.

Additional Information

• ​The Purpose of Green Accounting -
• To help businesses understand and manage the potential quid pro quo between traditional economics goals and environmental goals.
• The term was first introduced by economist Professor Peter Woodwu in the 1980s.

The correct answer is Manipur.

Key Points

• Sangai Festival is celebrated in Manipur.
• The festival is named after the state animal of Manipur i.e. Sangai.

Additional Information

• Every year the Sangai Festival is organized by the Manipur Tourism Department in the state.
• This colorful program run by the tourism department is celebrated for about 10 days.
• The rich culture and heritage of the state are showcased in this colorful program lasting 10 days.
• Manipur is making its mark on the world tourism map by organizing this festival to be held in Imphal.​
• Every year Sangai Mahotsav is organized from 21^st November to 30^th November.
• The festival got its new name Sangai in the year 2010**, to promote the state animal** of Sangai deer there.

नेता इसलिए नहीं चाहते कि लोग शिक्षित होकर अपने अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूक बनें क्योंकि शिक्षित हो जाने पर लोग रोज़गार की माँग करेंगे।

• यदि लोग शिक्षित हो जाएंगे तो वह अपनी व देश की आवश्यकताओं को भली-भाँति समझेंगे।
• यदि सभी को शिक्षा का अधिकार मिल जाए तो व अपने अन्य अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूक हो जाएंगे।
• रोज़गार बहुत महत्त्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है।
• शिक्षित होने पर लोग रोज़गार की माँग करेंगे इसलिए नेता नहीं चाहते कि लोग शिक्षित होकर अपने अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूक बनें।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प गलत होने के तर्क - 

• लोगों के शिक्षित हो जाने पर लोग वोट के लिए किए गए झूठे वायदों को पूरा करने के लिए दबाव डालेंगें।
• तर्क - दबाव डालने से भी नेता वह कार्य पूरा करेंगे ये पक्का नहीं है।
• लोगों के शिक्षित हो जाने पर नेताओं के पास कुछ भी करने योग्य कार्य नहीं बचेगा।
• तर्क - कितने ही शिक्षित नेता आज भी हैं फिर भी उनके साथ कई अशिक्षित नेता भी चुनाव में खड़े होते हैं।
• शिक्षित लोग अपने वोट की असली कीमत पहचानते हैं और जाति और धर्म के आधार पर बनाए गए नेताओं के समीकरणों को बिगाड़ देते हैं।
• तर्क - हर शिक्षित व्यक्ति नेताओं के बारे में जानना जरूरी समझे ये  अनिवार्य नहीं और सभी शिक्षित जाति और धर्म बिल्कुल ही नकार दे ये भी संभव नहीं।
• कुछ लोग जाति और धर्म को ध्यान ना देकर वोट दे सकते हैं परंतु प्रत्येक शिक्षित व्यक्ति ऐसा ही करेंगे  अनिवार्यनहीं।

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ -

• नि:स्वार्थ - बिना किसी स्वार्थ से काम करना
• अनगिनत -  असंख्य, जिसकी गिनती न की जा सके
• पतित - जिसका नैतिक पतन हो चुका हो
• अभिलाषा - कामना, चाह
• गर्जन -  घोर ध्वनि करने की क्रिया
• तिकड़म - षड्यंत्र, छल-चातुर्य
• कोलाहलपूर्ण - उपद्रवी, दिखावा, शोर से भरा
• येन-केन प्रकारेण - किसी न किसी प्रकार से, जैसे-तैसे
• गंतव्य -  लक्ष्य

आज़ादी से पूर्व के नेताओं की यह विशेषता थी कि वह देश की सेवा करने के लिए राजनीति में आते थे।

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार आज के नेता आवश्यकतानुसार तुरंत पार्टी बदलकर दूसरी पार्टी में चले जाते हैं।
• ये अपने भाषण में झूठे वादे करते हैं, आम जनता को ये छलते है और धोखा देते हैं।
• देश की सारी सुविधाओं का वह उपयोग करते हैं और अपने आप को किसी राजा-महाराजा से कम नहीं समझते।
• वहीं आज़ादी से पूर्व जो लोग नेता बनते थे वो देश की सेवा करने के लिए राजनीति में आते थे।
• वो अपनी सरकारी नौकरी छोड़ कर, परिवार त्याग कर और तो और अपने प्राणों का मोह तक छोड़ कर राजनीति में आते थे।
• क्योंकि उनके लिए देश प्रेम से अधिक किसी चीज का मोल नहीं था।
• इसलिए प्रश्नानुसार तर्कयुक्त उत्तर 'आज़ादी से पूर्व के नेता देश की सेवा करने के लिए राजनीति में आते थे।' होगा।

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ -

• नि:स्वार्थ - बिना किसी स्वार्थ से काम करना
• अनगिनत -  असंख्य, जिसकी गिनती न की जा सके
• पतित - जिसका नैतिक पतन हो चुका हो
• अभिलाषा - कामना, चाह
• गर्जन -  घोर ध्वनि करने की क्रिया
• तिकड़म - षड्यंत्र, छल-चातुर्य
• कोलाहलपूर्ण - उपद्रवी, दिखावा, शोर से भरा
• येन-केन प्रकारेण - किसी न किसी प्रकार से, जैसे-तैसे
• गंतव्य -  लक्ष्य

नेताओं का गंतव्य जनता द्वारा दिए गए वोटों से चुना जाना है।

नेता वोट पाकर केवल अपनी पदवी पाना चाहते हैं इसलिए वो कई सारे पैतरे आजमाते रहते है; जैसे - 

• अलग-अलग पार्टी के साथ जुड़ना
• भाषण में झूठे वायदे करना
• तिकड़म बाजी और छल करना
• युवकों को गलत दिशा दिखाना
• मुफ्त की चीजों का लालच देना

इस प्रकार नेता येन-केन प्रकारेण साम, दाम, दंड और भेद नीतियों का प्रयोग करके केवल जनता के वोटों से चुना जाना चाहते है। गद्दी पाने के लिए वो कुछ भी करते हैं। 

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ -

• येन-केन प्रकारेण - किसी न किसी प्रकार से, जैसे-तैसे
• नि:स्वार्थ - बिना किसी स्वार्थ से काम करना
• अनगिनत -  असंख्य, जिसकी गिनती न की जा सके
• पतित - जिसका नैतिक पतन हो चुका हो
• अभिलाषा - कामना, चाह
• गर्जन -  घोर ध्वनि करने की क्रिया
• तिकड़म - षड्यंत्र, छल-चातुर्य
• कोलाहलपूर्ण - उपद्रवी, दिखावा, शोर से भरा
• गंतव्य -  लक्ष्य

अनुच्छेद के आधार पर आजकल के अधिकांश नेतागण वोट पाने के लिए और चुनाव जीतने के लिए जनता को मुफ्त की चीजें देने का वायदा करते हैं।

• नेता बहुत अच्छी तरह से जानते हैं कि वोट देने आम आदमी ही जाएंगे जो अमीर हैं उन्हें नेताओं से, सरकार से और व्यवस्था से कोई लेना देना नहीं।
• इसलिए नेता आम आदम��� को मुफ्त की चीजों का लालच देकर उनसे वोट लेते हैं, नेता इन्हीं दुर्बलताओं का फायदा उठाते हैं।

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ -

• नि:स्वार्थ - बिना किसी स्वार्थ से काम करना
• अनगिनत -  असंख्य, जिसकी गिनती न की जा सके
• पतित - जिसका नैतिक पतन हो चुका हो
• अभिलाषा - कामना, चाह
• गर्जन -  घोर ध्वनि करने की क्रिया
• तिकड़म - षड्यंत्र, छल-चातुर्य
• कोलाहलपूर्ण - उपद्रवी, दिखावा, शोर से भरा
• येन-केन प्रकारेण - किसी न किसी प्रकार से, जैसे-तैसे
• गंतव्य -  लक्ष्य

अपनी स्वार्थ-सिद्धि के लिए नेतागण पार्टी बदलते रहते हैं। 

निम्नलिखित बिंदुओं से समझा जा सकता है कि नेता किस प्रकार स्वार्थ-सिद्धि हेतु पार्टी बदलते रहते हैं -

• नेतृत्व की अभिलाषा
• देश की सारी सुविधाओं का उपयोग
• चुनाव जितना और सत्ता प्राप्त करना
• परिवार और स्वयं की स्वार्थ सिद्धि करना

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ -

• नि:स्वार्थ - बिना किसी स्वार्थ से काम करना
• अनगिनत -  असंख्य, जिसकी गिनती न की जा सके
• पतित - जिसका नैतिक पतन हो चुका हो
• अभिलाषा - कामना, चाह
• गर्जन -  घोर ध्वनि करने की क्रिया
• तिकड़म - षड्यंत्र, छल-चातुर्य
• कोलाहलपूर्ण - उपद्रवी, दिखावा, शोर से भरा
• येन-केन प्रकारेण - किसी न किसी प्रकार से, जैसे-तैसे
• गंतव्य -  लक्ष्य

हमारा जीवन निराशा के अंधकार से तब भर जाता है जब क्रोध, शोक, ईर्ष्या, चिंता, भय आदि घातक मनोभाव लम्बे समय तक अपनी तीव्रता से हमें प्रभावित करते हैं।

• उपर्युक्त कथन से पता चलता है कि व्यक्ति के जीवन में सबसे अधिक महत्त्व विचार का है।
• क्योंकि व्यक्ति जिस प्रकार से सोचता है उसी प्रकार की घटनाओं को वह आकर्षित करता है।
• उदाहरण - जब हम किसी प्रतियोगिता में भाग लेते हैं तब हमें डर लगता है और हम सोचते है कि हम हार जाएंगे और होता भी वही है क्योंकि निराशा (नकारात्मकता) के कारण हम प्रयत्न करना छोड़ देते हैं। इसके विपरीत जब हम सकारात्मक सोच से काम करते हैं तो एक भीतरी ऊर्जा हमें प्रोत्साहित करती है और परिणामतः  विजय निश्चित होती है।
• इस प्रकार जब व्यक्ति क्रोध, शोक, ईर्ष्या, चिंता, भय आदि नकारात्मक परिवेश में उलझ जाता है तब ये मनोभाव लम्बे समय तक अपनी तीव्रता से व्यक्ति को प्रभावित करते है। जिससे व्यक्ति का जीवन निराशा के अंधकार से भर जाता है।
• जो व्यक्ति को  शारीरिक, मानसिक और भावनात्मक रूप से पंगु बना देती है।
• इसलिए वेदों में कहा गया है  "आ नो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः।" (अर्थात हमें सर्वत्र सभी ओर से कल्याणकारी विचार मिले।)

Key Pointsकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ - 

• सर्वाधिक - सबसे अधिक
• आकर्षित - आकर्षण (खिंचाव)
• उत्फुल्लता - आनंद युक्त
• ओतप्रोत - सराबोर, परस्पर गुंथा हुआ
• कुंठा - हताशा, निराशा
• मनोवेग - मन का विकार, भाव
• चिरकालीन - बहुत दिनों तक बना रहने वाला
• निश्चिंतता - निश्चिंत होने का भाव

प्रिय घटनाओं को अपने जीवन में आकर्षित करने के लिए हमें हमारा मनोमस्तिष्क प्रिय विचारों से सदा परिपूरित रहना चाहिए।

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश से पता चलता है कि व्यक्ति जिस प्रकार का विचार करते हैं, उसी प्रकार की घटनाओं को वह अपने जीवन में आकर्षित करते हैं।
• अर्थात हमारे नकारात्मक विचार निराशा को आकर्षित करते हैं वहीं  सकारात्मक विचार शांति, संतुष्टि और आनंद को आकर्षित करती है।
• इसलिए प्रिय घटनाओं को अपने जीवन में आकर्षित करने के लिए हमें हमारा मनोमस्तिष्क प्रिय विचारों से सदा परिपूरित रहना चाहिए।
• वेदों में भी कहा गया है "आ नो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः।" (अर्थात हमें सर्वत्र सभी ओर से कल्याणकारी विचार मिले।)

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ - 

• क्रोध - गुस्सा, रोष
• शोक - किसी आत्मीय को देने (मृत्यु)के कारण होने वाला दुख
• सर्वाधिक - सबसे अधिक
• आकर्षित - आकर्षण (खिंचाव)
• उत्फुल्लता - आनंद युक्त
• ओतप्रोत - सराबोर, परस्पर गुंथा हुआ
• कुंठा - हताशा, निराशा
• मनोवेग - मन का विकार, भाव
• चिरकालीन - बहुत दिनों तक बना रहने वाला
• निश्चिंतता - निश्चिंत होने का भाव

अपने मस्तिष्क के विचारों पर ध्यान देकर लगातार रचनात्मक विचारों द्वारा अपने दुर्भाम्य को सौभाम्य में बदला जा सकता है।

• हमारे नकारात्मक विचार निराशा को आकर्षित करते हैं वहीं सकारात्मक विचार शांति, संतुष्टि और आनंद को आकर्षित करती है।
• क्रोध, शोक, चिरकालीन ईर्ष्या, गहरी चिंता, भय, निराशा ��दि के भाव लम्बे समय तक हमें शारीरिक, मानसिक और भावनात्मक रूप से पंगु बनाते हैं।
• आशा, उत्फुल्लता, प्रसन्नता, मुस्कान, निश्चिंतता, शांति, संतुष्टि, विश्वास, आनंद आदि भाव रचनात्मक होते हैं जो नीरोगता, समृद्धि और सफलता प्रदान करते हैं।
• यदि हम इन विचारों पर ध्यान दें तो हम दुर्भाग्य को सौभाग्य में बदल सकते हैं।

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ - 

• क्रोध - गुस्सा, रोष
• शोक - किसी आत्मीय को देने (मृत्यु) के कारण होने वाला दुख
• सर्वाधिक - सबसे अधिक
• आकर्षित - आकर्षण (खिंचाव)
• उत्फुल्लता - आनंद युक्त
• ओतप्रोत - सराबोर, परस्पर गुंथा हुआ
• कुंठा - हताशा, निराशा
• मनोवेग - मन का विकार, भाव
• चिरकालीन - बहुत दिनों तक बना रहने वाला
• निश्चिंतता - निश्चिंत होने का भाव

आशा, उत्फुल्लता, प्रसन्नता, मुस्कान, निश्चिंतता, संतुष्टि, आत्मविश्वास के वर्ग के सभी भाव रचनात्मक हैं। 

• सकारात्मक भाव रचनात्मक होते हैं।
• आशा, उत्फुल्लता, प्रसन्नता, मुस्कान, निश्चिंतता, शांति, संतुष्टि, विश्वास, आनंद आदि भाव रचनात्मक होते हैं।
• जिससे लम्बे समय तक इनके अभ्यास द्वारा नीरोगता, समृद्धि और सफलता प्राप्त की जा सकती है।

Confusion Points

• अन्य विकल्पों में रचनात्मक भावों के साथ नकारात्मक भावों को भी जोड़ दिया गया है।
• शब्दों के अर्थ न पता होने पर विद्यार्थी अनुचित विकल्प चुन लेते हैं।

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ - 

• क्रोध - गुस्सा, रोष
• शोक - किसी आत्मीय को देने (मृत्यु)के कारण होने वाला दुख
• सर्वाधिक - सबसे अधिक
• आकर्षित - आकर्षण (खिंचाव)
• उत्फुल्लता - आनंद युक्त
• ओतप्रोत - सराबोर, परस्पर गुंथा हुआ
• कुंठा - हताशा, निराशा
• मनोवेग - मन का विकार, भाव
• चिरकालीन - बहुत दिनों तक बना रहने वाला
• निश्चिंतता - निश्चिंत होने का भाव

जब हम आशा, उत्फुल्लता और आत्मविश्वास की ऊर्जा से ओतप्रोत होते हैं तब हम कार्य-सिद्धि और सफलता के बहुत पास होते हैं। 

• यदि हम जीवन में नकारात्मक सोच भरते रहते हैं, तो हमारा जीवन निराशा के अंधकार से भर जाता है। 
• निराशा, कुंठा, भय और संदेह के साथ लिए गए निर्णय सदैव गलत और सफलता के विपरीत होते हैं।
• और यदि हम आशा, उत्फुल्लता और आत्मविश्वास की ऊर्जा से ओतप्रोत होते हैं, तो कार्य-सिद्धि और सफलता के बहुत पास होते हैं।
• आशा, उत्फुल्लता, प्रसन्नता, मुस्कान, निश्चिंतता, शांति, संतुष्टि, विश्वास, आनंद आदि भाव रचनात्मक/ सकारात्मक होते हैं और लम्बे समय तक इनके अभ्यास द्वारा नीरोगता, समृद्धि और सफलता प्राप्त की जा सकती है।

Additional Informationकठिन शब्दों के अर्थ - 

• सर्वाधिक - सबसे अधिक
• आकर्षित - आकर्षण (खिंचाव)
• उत्फुल्लता - आनंद युक्त
• ओतप्रोत - सराबोर, परस्पर गुंथा हुआ
• कुंठा - हताशा, निराशा
• मनोवेग - मन का विकार, भाव
• चिरकालीन - बहुत दिनों तक बना रहने वाला
• निश्चिंतता - निश्चिंत होने का भाव

Given :

The percentage of marks obtained by seven students in six different subjects in an examination.

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations

Calculation :

The average percentage obtained by all 7 students in English = \(\dfrac{50+85+70+65+90+80+80}{7} \) 

⇒ \(\dfrac{520}{7}\) = 74.28%

Now, average marks obtained by all 7 students in English = 74.28% of 120

⇒ \(\dfrac{74.28}{100}\times 120 \)

⇒ 89.136 ≈ 89

∴ The answer is 89 .

Given :

The percentage of marks obtained by seven students in six different subjects in an examination.

Calculation :

According to the question,

Marks obtained in History = 90% of 150 = 135

Marks obtained in Mathematics = 50% 0f 130 = 65

Marks obtained in English = 90% of 120 = 108

Marks obtained in Biology = 60% of 100 = 60

Marks obtained in Hindi = 70% of 60 = 42

Marks obtained in Computer = 80% of 40 = 32

Aggregate marks obtained by Ehan in all six subjects = 135 + 65 + 108 + 60 + 42 + 32 = 442

∴ The answer is 442.

Given :

the percentage of marks obtained by seven students in six different subjects in an examination.

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations

Calculation :

Average percentage in History = \(\dfrac{65+80+90+70+90+100+80}{7} \) 

⇒ \(\dfrac{575}{7} \) = 82.14%

Average percentage in maths = \(\dfrac{35+65+60+75+50+80+65}{7} \)

⇒ \(\dfrac{430}{7} \) = 61.42% 

Average percentage in English = \(\dfrac{50+85+70+65+90+80+80}{7}\) 

⇒ \( \dfrac{520}{7} \) = 74.28%

Average percentage in Biology = \(\dfrac{77+95+70+85+60+40+80}{7} \)

⇒ \(\dfrac{507}{7} \) = 72.42%

Average percentage in Hindi = \(\dfrac{80+50+90+40+70+80+60}{7}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{470}{7} \) = 67.14%

Average percentage in Computer = \(\dfrac{80+90+70+60+80+70+60}{7}\)

⇒ \( \dfrac{510}{7}\) = 74.28%

∴ The answer is maths .

Given :

The percentage of marks obtained by seven students in six different subjects in an examination.

Calculation :

The overall percentage of Brijesh = \(\dfrac{80+65+85+95+50+90}{6}\) 

⇒ \(\dfrac{465}{6} \) = 77.5 = 78%(approx.)

∴ The answer is 78% .

Given :

The percentage of marks obtained by seven students in six different subjects in an examination.

Calculation :

 

If we look at the chart Chirag and Gautam have scored at least 60% or above in all subjects.

∴ The answer is 2.

Given :

Data of the number of 5 types of cars (A, B, C, D, E) manufactured (in thousand) by company X from 2016 to 2021

Calculation :

A type of Cars manufactured by X in 2016 = 230

A type of Cars manufactured by X in 2021 = 255

Percentage of increase from 2016 to 2021 = \(\dfrac{255 -230}{230}\times 100 \)

⇒ \(\dfrac{25}{230}\times 100 \) = 10.87% 

∴ The answer is 10.87% .

Given :

Data of the number of 5 types of cars (A, B, C, D, E) manufactured (in thousand) by company X from 2016 to 2021

Solution :

If we analyse the data of production of all the cars over the years, then we get that there is no such car who showed continuous increase over previous years production.

∴ The answer is non of these.

Given :

Data of the number of 5 types of cars (A, B, C, D, E) manufactured (in thousand) by company X from 2016  to 2021.

Calculation :

Total production of A type cars in given years = 230 + 240 + 250 + 260 + 230 + 255 = 1465

Total production of B type cars in given years = 200 + 220 + 215 + 215 + 135 + 130 = 1115

Total production of C type cars in given years = 125 + 228 + 212 + 230 + 240 + 250 = 1285

Total production of D type cars in given years = 130 + 165 + 230 + 220 + 120 + 220 = 1085

Total production of E type cars in given years = 115 + 212 + 218 + 125 + 120 + 130 = 920

Clearly, we can see that A has the highest production from 2016 to 2021

∴ The answer is A.

Given :

Data of the number of 5 types of cars (A, B, C, D, E) manufactured (in thousand) by company X over the years.

Calculation :

Number of D cars manufactured in 2018 = 230 

Number of D cars manufactured in 2021 = 220

Approximate percentage decrease in production from 2018 to 2021 = \(\dfrac{230 - 220}{230}\times 100 \)

⇒ \(\dfrac{10}{230}\times 100 \) = 4.35%

∴ The answer is 4.35% .

Given :

Data of the number of 5 types of cars (A, B, C, D, E) manufactured (in thousand) by company X over the years.

Calculation :

The Production of 'E' type cars in 2016 = 115

The Production of 'B' type cars in 2019 = 215

Percentage of E-type cars in 2016 according to B-type cars in 2019 = \(\dfrac{115}{215}\times 100 \) 

⇒ 53.5%

∴ The answer is 53.5%.

Given :

A shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Calculation :

The central angle that shows the expenditure incurred in promotion cost = \(360\times \dfrac{5}{100} = 18\) º

∴ The answer is 18°.

Given :

A chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Marked price of book = Rs. 160

Calculation :

The cost price of the book = \(\dfrac{100}{120}\times 160 \) = Rs. 133.33

Price of Paper used = \(133.33\times \dfrac{30}{100} \) = = Rs. 39.99 ~ Rs. 40

∴ The answer is Rs. 40 .

Given :

A chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Amount of transportation cost on 5200 copies of book = Rs. 80,500

Calculation :

Transportation cost of a single copy of book = \(\dfrac{80500}{5200}\) = Rs.15.48 (approx)

The cost price of the book = \(15.48\times \dfrac{100}{5} \) = Rs. 309.6

Now, the Selling price of the book = \(309.6\times \dfrac{125}{100} \) = Rs. 387.02 

∴ The answer is Rs. 387.02 .

Given:

A chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Calculation:

Required percentage = \(\dfrac{25 - 20}{25}\times 100 \)

⇒ \(\dfrac{5}{25}\times 100 \) = 20% 

∴ The answer is 20% .

Given :

A chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Amount paid as a printing cost by publisher = Rs. 20.600

Calculation :

Total amount publisher has to pay on book = \(\dfrac{100}{25}\times 20600 \) 

⇒ Rs. 82400 ( as the printing cost is 25% of the total price)

Now, The amount of royalty paid = \(\dfrac{20}{100}\times 82400\) = Rs. 16,480

∴ The answer is Rs. 16480.

Given:

The ratio of the amount of imports to the amount of exports of a company over the years given.

Calculations:

In the year 2001, the respective ratio is 0.6, that is,

Let import be 6x and export be 10x as, import : export = 6 : 10

In the year 2002, the respective ratio is 0.8, that is,

Let import be 8x and export be 10x as, import : export = 8 : 10

In the year 2003, the respective ratio is 0.3, that is,

Let import be 3x and export be 10x as, import : export = 3 : 10

In the year 2004, the respective ratio is 1.2, that is,

Let import be 12x and export be 10x as, import : export = 12 : 10

In the year 2005, the respective ratio is 1.5, that is,

Let import be 15x and export be 10x as, import : export = 15 : 10

In the year 2006, the respective ratio is 0.9, that is,

Let import be 9x and export be 10x as, import : export = 9 : 10

In the year 2007, the respective ratio is 1.6, that is,

Let import be 16x and export be 10x as, import : export = 16 : 10

From the above information, we can conclude that, in the year 2003, the import is minimum proportionate with respect to that with the export.

∴ The answer is 2003

Given:

The ratio of the amount of imports to the amount of export of a company over the years.

Calculations:

In the year 2004, the ratio of imports to export is 1.2

Let the import be 12x and export be 10x

The amount of imports in the year 2004 is 240 crore, where, 12x represents 240 crore

So, 10x(export ) will represent = \(\dfrac{240 × 10}{12}\)

⇒ x = 200 crore(export in 2004)

Now, Total export in 2004, 2005 = 500 crore, so in 2005 year, export amount = 500 - 200 = 300 crore

In the year 2005, the ratio of imports to export = 1.5

Let import be 15x and export be 10x

Thus, 10x represents 300 crore

Similarly,

15x(import) will represent = \(\dfrac{300 × 15}{10}\)

⇒ x = Rs. 450 crores(import in 2005 year)

∴ The answer is Rs. 450 crores.

Given:

The ratio of the amount of imports to the amount of export of a company over the years.

Calculations:

In the year 2002, import is Rs. 260 crores,

Where, the ratio of import to export = 0.8

Let, import be 8x and export be 10x in the year 2002

So, 8x represents Rs. 260 crore

∴ 10x will represent = \(\dfrac{260 × 10}{8}\)

⇒ x = Rs. 325 crores

∴ The answer is Rs.325 crores.

Given:

The ratio of the amount of imports to the amount of exports of a company over the years given.

Calculations:

In the year 2001, the respective ratio is 0.6, that is,

Let import be 6x and export be 10x as, import: export = 6 : 10

In the year 2002, the respective ratio is 0.8, that is,

Let import be 8x and export be 10x as, import: export = 8 : 10

In the year 2003, the respective ratio is 0.3, that is,

Let import be 3x and export be 10x as, import: export = 3 : 10

In the year 2004, the respective ratio is 1.2, that is,

Let import be 12x and export be 10x as, import: export = 12 : 10

In the year 2005, the respective ratio is 1.5, that is,

Let import be 15x and export be 10x as, import: export = 15 : 10

In the year 2006, the respective ratio is 0.9, that is,

Let import be 9x and export be 10x as, import: export = 9 : 10

In the year 2007, the respective ratio is 1.6, that is,

Let import be 16x and export be 10x as, import: export = 16 : 10

From the above information, we can conclude that in the years 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2006 export is more than that imports.

∴ The answer is 4.

Given:

The ratio of the amount of imports to the amount of export given over the years.

Calculations:

The percentage increase in imports from 2003 to 2004 cannot be determined as exact values are not mentioned, the ratio of the following is given, so any exact value cannot be obtained from this, as data is not sufficient

∴ The answer is Data inadequate.

The correct answer is Non-violence.

Key Points

• Non-violence is known as the most important fundamental principle of Jainism.
• Non-violence is the most fundamental of the five principles of Jainism.
• ​Lord Mahavir said, "Ahimsa Paramo Dharma".
• Other principles include truthfulness (truth), non-stealing (acharya), celibacy (celibacy), and non-possession (aparigraha).

Additional Information

• Vardhaman Mahavira, the 24^th Tirthankara, was born in the village of Kundagram near Vaishali in 540 BC.
• His father Siddhartha was the head of the Gyantrik Kshatriya dynasty.
• His mother Trishala was the sister of King Chetak of Vaishali.
• At the age of 30, he left his home and became an ascetic.
• He did penance for 12 years and attained the highest spiritual knowledge called Kaivalya (meaning conqueror of sorrow and happiness) at the age of 42.
• He gave his first sermon in Pava.
• Each Tirthankara was associated with a symbol and Mahavira's symbol was a lion.
• For the fulfillment of his objectives, he visited the regions of Kosala, Magadha, Mithila, Champa, etc.
• 468 BC He died at the age of 72 in Pawapuri, Bihar.

The correct answer is Chandragupta II.

Key Points

• Those Navratnas who lived in the court of Chandragupta II -
• Kalidas, Dhanvantari, Kspanaka, Amarsingh, Shanku, Betalabhatta, Ghatkarpar, Varahamihira, and Varruchi.

Additional Information

• ​Chandragupta II -
• He ascended the throne in 375 AD.
• He was born to Mahishi Dattadevi, the head of Samudragupta.
• He became famous in history by the name of Vikramaditya.
• He ruled from 375 to 415 AD (40 years).
• During his reign, the Chinese Buddhist traveller Fahien travelled to India from AD 399 to AD 414.
• He described India as a happy and prosperous country.
• The reign of Chandragupta II has also been called the Golden Age.
• Samudragupta -
• After Chandragupta I, in 335 AD, Kumaradevi's son Samudragupta ascended the throne.
• These are called grade numbers.
• The reign of Samudragupta is considered to be the period of the heyday of the Gupta Empire politically and culturally.
• The capital of this empire was Pataliputra. Samudragupta assumed the title of "Maharajadhiraja".
• He used to take pride in calling himself **"Licchavi Dauhitra".**​

The correct answer is Khiliji.

Key Points

• Khilji Dynasty -
• It was a dynasty of medieval India.
• It ruled the power of Delhi from 1290-1320 AD (the shortest period).

Additional Information

• ​The following five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate -
• Slave Dynasty (1206 - 1290),
• Khilji dynasty (1290- 1320),
• Tughlaq dynasty (1320 - 1414),
• Sayyid dynasty (1414 - 1451), and
• Lodi dynasty (1451 - 1526).
• Of these, the first four were Turkic in origin and the last was Afghan.
• Qutbuddin Aibak, the slave of Muhammad Ghori, was the first sultan of the slave dynasty.
• Aibak's empire extended to the whole of North India.

The correct answer is State is being maladministered.

Key Points

• On 7 February 1856, Lord Dalhousie ordered the removal of Wajid Ali Shah due to alleged internal misrule.
• This was in line with Dalhousie's Lapse Doctrine, in which the British took over a state even if there was misrule.
• The Kingdom of Awadh was annexed in February 1856.

Additional Information

• ​According to Lord Dalhousie's Lapse Doctrine, the first state to be merged was Satara.
• In 1856 AD, accusing Oudh of misrule, the Resident Outrum of Lucknow got Awadh merged with the British Empire.
• At that time the Nawab of Awadh was 'Wajid Ali Shah'.
• Due to not being natural or adopted, the states of Satara, Jaitpur-Sambalpur, Baghat, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Karauli were merged.​

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points

• The Lothal -
• This city is situated in the Saurashtra region, between the Sabarmati River and its tributary Bhogavo.
• It provides evidence of Harappan culture between 2400 BC to 1600 BC.
• Lothal is the only port city of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Additional Information

• ​Nagapattinam -
• It is a town in Nagapattinam district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
• Mahasthangarh -
• The oldest urban archaeological site ever discovered in Bangladesh.
• The ruins of this ancient city (Pundranagar) have been found in Shivganj of Bogra district.
• This city was also called 'Paundravardhanpur' and it was in the kingdom of Pundravardhan.
• Alexandria -
• It is the second largest city in Egypt.
• It is the largest sea port in the country, where about 80% of Egypt's import and export work is done.
• Alexandria is also an important tourist destination.

The correct answer is Swadeshi.

Key Points

During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green, and yellow) was designed. The Swadeshi movement was a significant phase of India's struggle for independence, characterized by efforts to promote indigenous goods and industries and boycott British goods. The tricolour flag, known as the Swaraj flag, symbolized the aspirations of the Indian people for self-rule and independence. It consisted of three horizontal stripes: red representing Hindus, green representing Muslims, and yellow representing other communities. The Swaraj flag became a powerful symbol of unity and resistance against British colonial rule during the Swadeshi movement.

Additional Information

Khilafat Movement:

• The Khilafat Movement was primarily a protest movement by Indian Muslims against the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the abolition of the Caliphate.
• It aimed to pressure the British government to protect the Ottoman Caliphate and Muslim holy places.
• Though it didn't involve the design of a tricolour flag, it did promote Hindu-Muslim unity against British colonialism.

Civil Disobedience Movement:

• The Civil Disobedience Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, aimed to challenge British laws and authority through acts of civil disobedience, non-cooperation, and mass protests.
• While it didn't involve the design of a tricolour flag, it was marked by the Salt Satyagraha, where Gandhi and others marched to the coastal village of Dandi to protest the salt tax.

Dandi March:

• The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a nonviolent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British salt tax.
• While it was a significant event in India's struggle for independence, it didn't involve the design of a tricolour flag like the Swadeshi movement did.

The correct answer is 1919.

Key Points

• The Khilafat Movement was a movement started by Indian Muslims in 1919.
• Its purpose is to oppose the British government's move to dismantle the Ottoman Caliphate following the disintegration of the Turkish Empire after World War I.
• In March 1919, the Khilafat Committee was formed in Mumbai.

Additional Information

• ​Rowlatt Act came into force in 1919.
• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919.
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in 1931.
• Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were hanged on 23 March 1931.
• On 12 March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started the march from Sabarmati to Dandi.
• On 6 April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started the Civil Disobedience Movement.

The correct answer is 6.

Key Points

• The Act of 1935 empowered the Emperor to fix the number of judges in each High Court from time to time.

Additional Information

• ​The provision of the Supreme Court has been made under Part V and Chapter 6 of the Indian Constitution.
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of the Supreme Court.
• The Constitution of India under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India.
• At present, the total number of judges in the Supreme Court is 31 (including the Chief Justice).
• Which will be increased to 34 (including the Chief Justice) after the decision of the Union Cabinet.
• According to Article 124 of the Indian Constitution, the judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President.
• Qualifications for Supreme Court Judge -
• He should be a citizen of India.
• Should have worked as a Judge of a High Court for at least 5 years.
• Should have worked as an Advocate in the High Court or any other Court for at least 10 years.

The correct answer is The sepoys.

Key Points

• The first organized rebellion against the Grays broke out in 1857.
• Initially, it flared up as a revolt of the sepoys but later it became a mass revolution.

Additional Information

• ​The revolt of 1857 was a major and important event against British rule.
• This revolution started in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and gradually spread to places like Kanpur, Bareilly, Jhansi, Delhi, Awadh, etc.
• Discontent against the oppressive and unjust rule of the British Raj began to flare up in the form of rebellion.
• Talking about the freedom struggle of 1857, before that many incidents had happened in different parts of the country.
• For example, towards the end of the 18^th century, there had been the Sanyasi movement in North Bengal and the Chunar movement in Bihar and Bengal.
• The middle of the 19^th century saw a number of peasant movements, notably the Moplah peasants of Malabar and the Faraizi movement by Muslim farmers of Bengal.

The correct answer is Gurushikhar.

Key Points

• Guru Shikhar -
• It is the highest point of the Aravalli range of Rajasthan.
• It is at an altitude of 1722 meters (5676 ft).
• It is the highest peak in Rajasthan along with the Aravalli mountain range, 15 km from Mount Abu.

Additional Information

• ​Dodabetta -
• ​It is a mountain in the Western Ghats ranges of India.
• It is the highest peak of the Nilgiri Mountains in the state of Tamil Nadu.
• This peak is 2637 meters above sea level.
• Pachmarhi -
• ​It is a hill station located in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh.
• This city is often referred to as the "Queen of Satpuras" because of its natural beauty.
• It comes under Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve and the highest point of Madhya Pradesh, 1352 m high Dhupgarh, is located here.
• Anaimudi -
• It is a mountain in the Western Ghats ranges of India.
• It is located in Ernakulam district and Idukki district of Kerala.

The correct answer is Loo.

Key Points

• The hot wind blowing in the northern plains in summer is called 'Loo'.
• Heat wave prevails in the months of May and June.

Additional Information

• ​Kaal Vaisakhi -
• This refers to local storms moving at high speed.
• These types of storms usually occur in Bengal.
• This is due to hot and dry local winds and moist sea breezes.
• Due to the meeting of the winds, there is torrential rain.​
• Mango Shower -
• ​These rains normally occur from March to April.
• Their intensity can range from light showers to heavy and persistent thunderstorms. In India, mango showers occur as the result of thunderstorm development over the Bay of Bengal.
• They are also known as 'Kaal Baisakhi' in Bengal, as Bordoisila in Assam, and as Cherry Blossom showers or Coffee Showers in Karnataka.
• Trade wind -
• The winds that blow in the geographical location of the Earth in the areas of latitude 5° to 30° north and south are called trade winds.
• These are called 'Trade Winds' in English.

The correct answer is 82° 30' E longitude.

Key Points

• 82° 30'E meridian or longitude is also called the standard meridian of India.

Additional Information

• ​Standard time -
• It is that time, which is accepted the behavior of the people of a country or a wide area. It is the local meantime for that country's accepted standard meridian.
• Indian Standard Time (IST) was established on 1 September 1947.
• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is determined by the Observatory in Greenwich, England.
• In India, the time of 82.5° East longitude, which passes through Naini near Allahabad, has been taken as the standard time.
• India's Standard Time is 82.5° East of GMT, which means our Standard Time is five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Standard Time.

The correct answer is the Failure of Cripps Mission.

Key Points

• The Quit India Movement was launched after the failure of the Cripps Mission.
• Quit India Movement -
• It was started on 8 August 1942 during the II-World War.
• The goal of this movement was to end the British Empire in India.
• This movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi at the Mumbai session of the All India Congress Committee.​

Additional Information

• Krips mission -
• The events of World War II were going on in the world, and at the same time, a mission was sent to reduce the freedom struggle of Indians in India.
• This mission was sent to India on 22 March 1942 under the leadership of Sir Stafford Cripps.
• Wavell Plan -
• There is a proposal initiated by the British Government to resolve the deadlock in India.
• This proposal was prepared by Lord Wavell who became the Viceroy of India in 1943 in place of Lord Linlithgow.

The correct answer is Kanchenjunga.

Key Points

• **Mount Kangchenjunga -**​ 
• It is situated on the border of Nepal and Sikkim (India).
• The height of this mountain is 8,586 meters above sea level.
• It is the third-highest mountain in the world.

Additional Information

• ​Kamet mountain -
• It is the highest mountain peak after Nanda Devi Parvat in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state of India.
• It is located near the border of Tibet in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state.
• It is the third-highest peak in India.
• It is 7,756 meters high.
• K10 -
• It is 8,611 meters above sea level.
• It is the second-highest mountain on Earth.
• It lies in the Karakoram range in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan.
• Nanda Devi -
• ​It is the second-highest peak in India and the 23^rd-highest in the world.
• This peak is located in the Himalayan mountain range in the Uttaranchal state of India.
• Its height is 7817 meters.

The correct answer iS LPG.

Key Points

• In June 1991, the Narasimha Rao government gave a new direction to India's economy.
• This direction was implemented in the form of economic reforms throughout the country in the form of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG).
• This is what is known as the 'LPG model'.

Additional Information

• ​Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) -
• It is a naturally occurring flammable gas.
• It is kept in liquid form under extreme pressure.
• This gas is used in vehicles.

The correct answer is 51 Percent.

Key Points

• According to the Companies Act 1956 -
• A company in which at least 51 percent of the paid-up share capital is with the Central or State Government is a Government company.

Additional Information

• ​There are four different types of companies on the basis of ownership-
• The privately held company,
• Public company,
• Government company and
• Multinational company.
• The Privately Company -
• From a company whose minimum paid-up capital is one lakh rupees.
• Public Company -
• A public company means a company that is not a private company.
• Its minimum paid-up capital is five lakh rupees.
• Its shares can be freely transferred.
• Multinational Companies -
• It is a company that conducts its business in the country of its amalgamation as well as in one or more other countries.

The correct answer is Sitapur.

Key Points

• Naimisharanya -
• It is in the Sitapur district under the Lucknow region, 80 km from Lucknow.
• It is a famous Hindu pilgrimage located on the left bank of river Gomti.
• It has been mentioned many times in the Markandeya Purana as the place of penance of 88000 sages.

Additional Information

• ​Ayodhya -
• ​This is the city of Lord Rama and it is located on the bank of the Saryu river.
• This holy land is very important for Hindus.
• Lord Rama was born here.
• This is Ram Janmabhoomi.
• Baliya -
• ​It is the easternmost district of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is also known as 'Baghi Ballia' due to the rebellious attitude of the residents of this district in the freedom movement of India.
• Dadri-Mela is the famous fair here.
• Moradabad -
• It is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river.
• It is famous all over the world for handicrafts done on brass.

The correct answer is NABARD.

Key Points

• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) -
• It is an apex bank in India based in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• It has been recognized in areas related to agricultural credit, in policy matters of planning and operations, and for other economic activities in rural areas of India.

Additional Information

• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) -
• It is a dedicated bank for the country's Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• The headquarter of this bank is in Lucknow.
• It is the country's leading bank providing financial assistance to Indian small-scale industries.
• SIDBI was established on 2^nd April 1990.​
• The Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) -
• The purpose of its establishment is to fill this shortfall in the capital requirements of the economy and the demand-supply gap.
• It was established by the Government of India on July 1, 1948, through the IFC Act, 1948.
• Exim Bank -
• It was established in the year 1982 under an Act of Parliament.
• This bank mainly provides loans for exports from India.
• It is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• In 1991, the Government of India introduced significant economic reforms, which were a major effort in this regard.
• These include foreign trade liberalization,
• Financial liberalization,
• Tax reforms and calls for foreign investment were included.
• These measures helped in giving impetus to the Indian economy. Since then the Indian economy has come a long way.
• Financial Liberalization refers to measures directed at diluting or dismantling regulatory control over the institutional structures, instruments and activities of agents in different segments of the financial sector. These can relate to both internal and external liberalization measures.
• Tax reform is a policy implemented by the government through which a few alterations are made to the tax system to overcome the loopholes and enhance the effectiveness of the tax administration in the country to generate higher revenues from taxes than overall spending.
• Foreign investment refers to the investment in domestic companies and assets of another country by a foreign investor. Large multinational corporations will seek new opportunities for economic growth by opening branches and expanding their investments in other countries.

Additional Information

• ​The following steps were taken under the new economic policy (1991):
• Self-determination of interest rate by commercial banks
• Increase in investment limit for Small Scale Industries (SSI)
• Capital freedom to import goods
• Freedom for expansion and production of industries
• Elimination of Restricted Business Practices

The correct answer is Jewellery.

Key Points

• Hallmarked jewelery is of international standard.
• Hallmark marks have a common arrangement to identify the quality of jewelery made of platinum, gold, silver, diamond etc.
• This is guaranteed by the Government of India.

Additional Information

• ​Hallmark -
• It is an official mark or seal put on precious metals like platinum, gold, silver etc.
• Which is applied to certify its quality.
• This is a system of hallmarking to prevent adulteration in jewellery.
• Hallmarking has been in force on gold jewelery in India since 2000 and silver jewelery since 2005.

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) -
• The concept of DPSP comes from the Irish constitution.
• It is described in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Constitution of India.
• The objective of these principles is to ensure socio-economic justice for the people,
• And to establish India as a welfare state.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Rights -
• It is described in Part 3 (Articles 12 to 35) of the Constitution of India.
• These are the rights provided to Indian citizens
• Which cannot be limited by the government under normal circumstances.
• Their safety is guaranteed by the Supreme Court.​
• There were seven fundamental rights in the original constitution, but at present there are only six fundamental rights.​
• Gandhian Principles -
• ​Truth and non-violence - These are the two basic principles of Gandhian ideology.
• Gandhiji believed that where there is truth, there is God and morality is its basis.
• Ahimsa means the culmination of love and generosity.
• According to Gandhi, a non-violent person never inflicts mental and physical pain on another.

The correct answer is Part-IV A.

Key Points

• On the basis of the report of Sardar Swaran Singh Committee,
• The Fundamental Duties were included in Part-IV A of our present Constitution by the 42^nd Amendment Act, 1976.
• At present there are 11 fundamental duties in our constitution under Article 51A.
• Which are statutory duties and enforceable by law.

Additional Information

• ​Following are the duties in our constitution -
• Follow the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, national flag and national anthem.
• Honor the high ideals that inspired our national freedom movement for freedom.
• Protect and maintain the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
• Protect the country and serve the nation when called upon.
• To create a sense of harmony and equal fraternity among the people of India beyond all discrimination based on religion, language and management or class, renounce practices against the respect of women, etc.

The correct answer is Official language of the Union.

Key Points

• According to Article 343 -
• The official language of the Union will be Hindi and the script Devanagari.
• The form of numerals to be used for official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.

Additional Information

• ​The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi first recognized Hindi as the national language in 1917.
• But on 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly unanimously agreed to give it the status of an official language.
• In 1950, by Article 343(1) of the Constitution, Hindi was given the status of official language in the form of Devanagari script.
• Constitutional provisions related to official language have been made from Article 343 to 351 of the Constitution of the country.
• The government has also formed the Department of Official Language under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The correct answer is Article 110.

Key Points

• The definition of money bill has been given in Article 110 of the Constitution.
• ​A bill is called a money bill if it contains provisions relating to the imposition, abolition, exemption, alteration or regulation of taxes.

Additional Information

• An ordinary bill can be introduced in either of the two Houses of Parliament,
• Money Bill -
• It can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.
• It can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only by a minister.
• It can be introduced only after receiving the recommendation of the President.
• This bill cannot be amended or rejected by the Rajya Sabha.
• He sends it to the Lok Sabha without any suggestion or suggestion, the power of which is with the Lok Sabha to accept or reject the suggestions.
• It can be kept with the Rajya Sabha for a maximum of 14 days.
• This bill can be sent to the President for signature even if it is passed only by the Lok Sabha.
• Such a bill does not require the sitting of both the Houses of Parliament.

The correct answer is White.

Key Points

• Among the given colours, white is not found in the rainbow.

Additional Information

• The reason for the beautiful colors of the rainbow is the dispersion of the sun rays falling on the tiny droplets or particles of water in the rain or cloud.
• The rays of the sun being refracted and reflected by the raindrops form a rainbow.
• Rainbow is always visible only when the sun is behind the back of the viewer.
• In the sky in the east direction in the evening and in the west in the morning,
• After rain, a giant circular curve of red, orange, yellow, green, sky blue, and violet colors is sometimes visible.
• This is called the rainbow.
• It is also possible to form a rainbow in which the outer color of the curve is purple and the inner color is red.

The correct answer is Argon.

Key Points

• The main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect are
• These include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, and fluorinated gases.

Additional Information

• ​Green House Gas -
• Any gas that allows short wave radiation from the Sun to reach the Earth,
• But by absorbing the long-wave radiation going back from the earth, the temperature of the earth increases, which is called greenhouse gas.
• The increasing amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has become the cause of global warming and climate change.
• Argon -
• It is a chemical element with the symbol 'Ar'.
• It is a noble gas.
• It is the third-most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934%.​

The correct answer is Sodium carbonate.

Key Points

• Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (Na2CO3).
• It is also called 'washing soda'' (soda ash and soda crystals).

Additional Information

• Potassium carbonate -
• It is an inorganic compound with the formula K₂CO₃.
• It is a white salt, which is soluble in water.
• It is mainly used in the production of soap and glass.
• Calcium carbonate -
• It is a calcium salt with the formula CaCO₃.
• It is a dietary supplement.
• It is used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough.
• It is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and acid indigestion.
• Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO₃) -
• It is an inorganic salt.
• It is also called Magnesite Hydromagnesite.
• It acts as a fertilizer and as an antacid.

The correct answer is 65 years.

Key Points

• The retirement age of a Supreme Court judge is **65 years. (**It is 62 years for High Court judges.)

Additional Information

• ​Chief Justice of India (CJI) -
• They are appointed by the President under clause (2) of Article 124 of the Constitution.
• Qualification -
• The CJI should be a citizen of India.
• for not less than five years has been a Judge of a High Court or a Judge of two or more Courts, or
• For not less than ten years has been an advocate in a High Court or in two or more such Courts, or
• A jurist of eminence in the opinion of the President.
• The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Bill 2019 increased by four judges.
• It increased the judicial power from 31 to 34 including the Chief Justice.
• Originally the number of judges in the Supreme Court was fixed at eight (one Chief Justice and seven other judges).

The correct answer is Soil.

Key Points

• Plants obtain their nutrients mainly from the soil.
• Soil is the main source of nutrients for plants.

Additional Information

• ​Nutrients are classified according to the needs of plants as follows.
• Main nutrients -
• Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash.
• Secondary Nutrients -
• Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
• Micronutrients –
• Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese,
• Chlorophyll -
• It is a green pigment found in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of algae and plants.
• Magnesium is essential for its formation.
• Without magnesium, plants would not be able to absorb sunlight which is essential for photosynthesis.

Given:

(6.25 − 2.23) × (3.35 − 2.23) + (0.0016 − 2.987)

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculations:

(6.25 − 2.23) × (3.35 − 2.23) + (0.0016 − 2.987)

⇒ 4.02 × 1.12 + (- 2.9854)

⇒ 4.5024 - 2.9854

⇒ 1.517

∴ The answer is 1.517

Given:

One-third of Manoj's savings in Kisan Vikas Patra is equal to one-half of his savings in the Public Provident Fund.

He has Rs. 1,50,000 as total savings.

Formula used:

Savings + expenditure = income

Calculations:

\(\dfrac{1}{3}\) of Kisan Vikas Patra = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) of Public Provident Fund

⇒ Kisan Vikas Patra = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) of Public Provident Fund

Total savings = Rs. 1,50,000

⇒ Kisan Vikas Patra + Public Provideny Fund = 1,50,000

⇒ \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) of Public Provident Fund + Public Provident Fund = 1,50,000

⇒ \(\dfrac{(3 + 2)}{2}\) Public Provident Fund = 1,50,000

⇒ Public Provident Fund = 1,50,000 × \(\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

⇒ Public Provident Fund = Rs. 60,000

∴ The answer is Rs. 60,000

nGiven:

The average of 7 consecutive numbers is 20.

Formula used:

Average = \(\dfrac{sum \ of \ observation}{number \ of \ observation}\)

Calculations:

Let the consecutive numbers be a, (a+1), (a + 2), (a + 3), (a + 4), (a + 5), (a + 6)

According to problem,

\(\dfrac{a + (a + 1) + (a+ 2) + (a + 3) + (a + 4) + (a + 5) + (a + 6)}{7}\) = 20

⇒ 7a + 21 = 20 × 7

⇒ 7a = 140 - 21

⇒ 7a = 119

⇒ a = \(\dfrac{119}{7}\) = 17

So, The largest number = a + 6

⇒ 17 + 6 = 23

∴ The answer is 23 

Shortcut Trick

The average of consecutive numbers  = ( 1^st no. + last no)/2

As per the question,

⇒The average of 7 consecutive numbers = (a + a+6)/2 =20

⇒a + 3 =20

⇒a =17(shortest number)

So, The largest number = a + 6 = 23

The correct answer is option 3

Key Points

• The decrease in the density of ozone located in the stratosphere, that is, the depletion of the ozone layer, is called an ozone hole.

Additional Information

• ​Ozone Layer -
• It is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere in which the concentration of ozone gas is relatively high.
• It is mainly located in the lower part of the stratosphere from about 10 km to 30 km above the earth's surface.
• Life on earth is possible only because of the ozone layer.
• This layer absorbs 90-99% of the Sun's high-frequency ultraviolet light, which is harmful to life on Earth.
• More than 91% of the ozone in the Earth's atmosphere is present here.
• Chlorofluorocarbon gas -
• It is mainly responsible for the degradation of the ozone layer.
• 16 September -
• This day was declared by the United Nations General Assembly as the International Day for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.

Given:

\(​\sqrt{9+4\sqrt{5}} \)

Formula used:

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

Calculations:

\(​\sqrt{9+4\sqrt{5}} \)

⇒\(​\sqrt{(√5)^2 + 2^2 + 2 × 2 × \sqrt{5}} \)

⇒\(​\sqrt{(2+\sqrt{5}})^2 \)

⇒ 2 + \(\sqrt{5}\)

∴ The answer is 2 + \(\sqrt{5}\)

धरेश का सही संधि विच्छेद धरा + ईश होगा। 

• जब अ, आ के बाद इ, ई हो तो 'ए' बनता है और जब अ, आ के बाद उ, ऊ आए तो 'ओ' बनता है तथा जब अ, आ के बाद ऋ आए तो 'अर्' बनता है। इस संधि को गुण संधि कहते हैं।
• गुण संधि के नियम - 
• अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ
• अ/आ + इ/ई = ए
• अ + ऋ = अर्
• गुण संधि (आ + ई = ए)
• धरेश = धरा + ईश

Additional Informationसंधि तीन प्रकार के होते हैं -

स्वर संधि 

1. दीर्घ संधि

• अ/आ + अ/आ = आ
• इ/ई + इ/ई = ई
• उ/ऊ + उ/ऊ = ऊ

2. गुण संधि

• अ/आ + उ/ऊ = ओ
• अ/आ + इ/ई = ए
• अ + ऋ = अर्

3. वृद्धि संधि

• अ/आ + ए/ऐ = ऐ
• अ/आ + ओ/औ = औ

4. यण संधि

• इ/ई + अ/आ/उ/ऊ = य
• उ/ऊ + इ/ई/अ/आ = व्
• ऋ + अ/आ/उ/ऊ/इ/ई = र

5. अयादी संधि

• ए + अन्य स्वर = अय
• ऐ + अन्य स्वर = आय
• ओ + अन्य स्वर = अव
• औ + अन्य स्वर = आव
• व्यंजन सन्धि
• विसर्ग सन्धि

समश्रुत शब्द 'अलि-अली' शब्द युग्म का सही अर्थ भौंरा-सखी होगा। 

• अलि का अर्थ – भौंरा
• अली का अर्थ – सखी
• अलि का वाक्य प्रयोग - यदि अलि पुष्प से ही बंधा रहा तो मकरंद कैसे बनेगा!
• अली का वाक्य प्रयोग - हे,अली! भोर होने को हुई पर सुख भरे भोर कब आएंगे।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• अंस का अर्थ है - कंधा
• अंश का अर्थ है - हिस्सा
• दसन का अर्थ है - नाश
• दर्शन का अर्थ है - देखना
• दमन का अर्थ है - दबाना या कुचलना
• दामन का अर्थ है - पल्ला, आँचल

Additional Informationसमश्रुत प्रतीत होने वाले भिन्नार्थक शब्द -

• पुरुष - नर
• परुष - कठोर
• आदि - आरम्भ
• आदी - अभ्यस्त
• कंगाल - गरीब
• कंकाल - ठठरी
• तक्र - मट्ठा
• तर्क - बहस
• दिन - दिवस
• दीन - गरीब
• दार - स्त्री
• द्वार - दरवाजा
• प्रसाद - भगवान का भोग
• प्रासाद - महल
• अवधि - समय
• अवधी - अवध प्रान्त की भाषा

नागर का पर्यायवाची चतुर शब्द होगा। 

• नागर का अर्थ - चतुर
• नागर का पर्यायवाची - कुशल, विज्ञ, निपुण, पटु, दक्ष, प्रवीण 
• वाक्य प्रयोग - शिव शतरंज के खेल में नागर है।

Confusion Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• नागर का अन्य अर्थ नागरी लिपि का कोई अक्षर व नगर में रहनेवाला मनुष्य भी होता है।
• नगर का अर्थ - शहर
• देवनागरी का अर्थ  - वह लिपि जिसमें संस्कृत, हिंदी, मराठी आदि भाषाएँ लिखी जाती हैं।
• अर्थानुसार अन्य विकल्प नागर के पर्यायवाची नहीं है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -  

• चतुर शब्द का पर्यायवाची - प्रवीण, दक्ष, कुशल, निपुण
• ढोल शब्द का पर्यायवाची - मृदंग, ढोलकी, ढोलक, पटह

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द -

• शब्द - अनिवार्य
• पर्यायवाची - अपरिहार्य, परम आवश्यक, अति आवश्यक
• शब्द - ईमानदार
• पर्यायवाची - निष्कपट, सच्चा, सत्य पारायण
• शब्द - चोटी
• पर्यायवाची - मूर्धा, सानु, शृंग 
• शब्द - आंधी
• पर्यायवाची - तूफान,  चक्रवात, झंझावात
• शब्द - कान्ति
• पर्यायवाची - आभा, चमक, प्रभा, सुषमा
• शब्द - षंड
• पर्यायवाची -  नपुंसक, नामर्द
• शब्द - ऊधम
• पर्यायवाची - उपद्रव, उत्पात, धूम, हुड़दंग
• शब्द - भूषण
• पर्यायवाची -  गहना, आभूषण, अलंकार

संन्यासी का विलोम शब्द गृहस्थ होगा। 

• संन्यासी - गृहस्थ
• संन्यासी का अर्थ- वह जो संन्यास ले चुका हो।
• गृहस्थ का अर्थ- गृहवासी।
• संन्यासी के पर्यायवाची - वैरागी, सन्त, यति, अवधूत

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प - 

• ​संतापी का अर्थ - संताप देने वाला
• संताप(ताप) का विलोम - शीतलता
• विरक्त संन्यासी का पर्यायवाची शब्द है।

Additional Informationकिसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताने वाला शब्द विलोम शब्द कहलाता है।

उदाहरण -

'कोल्हू का बैल होना' का अर्थ है - बुरी तरह काम में लगे रहना।

• मुहावरा - कोल्हू का बैल होना
• अर्थ - बुरी तरह काम में लगे रहना व दिन-रात परिश्रम करना
• वाक्य प्रयोग - मजदूर कोल्हू के बैल की तरह परिश्रम करते हैं फिर भी उन्हें उचित वेतन नहीं मिल पाता।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• 'मन लगाकर काम नहीं करना।' का कोई अर्थ नहीं है।
• अन्य दो विकल्प निम्नलिखित मुहावरे के अर्थ हैं -
• मुहावरा - घर में भुंजी भांग न होना
• अर्थ - अत्यंत निर्धन होना
• मुहावरा - ईद का चाँद होना
• अर्थ - बहुत दिनों बाद दिखाई देना।

Additional Information

• जब कोई वाक्यांश अपने सामान्य अर्थ को छोड़ किसी विशेष अर्थ में रूढ़ हो जाता है उसे ही मुहावरा कहते हैं।

Given:

\(\dfrac{(76+84)^2-(76-84)^2}{76 \times 84}\)

Formula used:

(a + b)² - (a - b)² = 4ab

Calculations:

(a + b)2 - (a - b)2 

⇒ a² + b² + 2ab - {a² + b² - 2ab}

⇒ 2ab + 2ab = 4ab

Now, \(\dfrac{(76+84)^2-(76-84)^2}{76 \times 84}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{4 × 76 × 84}{76 × 84}\) = 4

∴ The answer is 4

Here the correct answer is Market.

Key Points

• Let's look at the eleventh line of the passage (first paragraph):-
• That all changed one day when Joe met Carmen, who lived just two blocks away from him. ​One day he ran into her at the market by chance.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

Here the correct answer is Joe would get distracted by girls.

Key Points

• Let's look at the second line of the passage:-
• Joe's parents thought it would be a good idea to send him there instead of a public school because "he would get distracted by girls," as his mom would say.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 3.