UPSSSC PET 24 Aug 2021 Shift 2 (Series A) (Official Paper) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is II, III, I.

Key Points

• Thomas Roe arrived at the port of Surat in September 1615 with a letter from King James I to the then reigning Mughal Emperor, Jahangir, seeking a trade agreement.
• The ambassador would go on to spend four years of negotiations at the Mughal court, eventually returning to England in 1619 without the trade agreement he sought.

Additional Information

• In 399 CE, about age 60, Fa-hien was among the earliest attested pilgrims to India.
• He set out with nine others to locate sacred Buddhist texts.
• He visited India in the early fifth century.
• He is said to have walked all the way from China across the icy desert and rugged mountain passes.
• Hiuen-Tsang (Yuan Chwang), was a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who came to India during the reign of King Harshavardhana.
• He was arriving in 630 A.D. he stayed for 15 years, studying Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism in such monasteries as Kashmir, Sialkot, Kanauj, and Nalanda.

The correct answer is Plassey.

Key Points

• Siraj-ud-daula was defeated by the British in the battle of Plassey.
• The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757, under the leadership of Robert Clive, which clarification needed was possible due to the defection of Mir Jafar, who was Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah's commander in chief.
• The battle helped the Company seize control of Bengal. Over the next hundred years, they seized control of most of the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, and Afghanistan.

Additional Information

• The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764, between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1764; the Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.
• The Battle of Wandiwash was a battle in India between the French and the British in 1760.
• The battle was part of the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and British colonial empires, which itself was a part of the global Seven Years' War. It took place at Vandavasi in Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• According to the doctrine of lapse, any Indian princely state under the suzerainty of the East India Company (EIC) (the dominant imperial power in the Indian subsidiary system), would have its princely status abolished (and therefore be annexed into British India) if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir".
• The latter supplanted the long-established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor.
• In addition, the EIC decided whether potential rulers were competent enough.
• The doctrine and its applications were widely regarded as illegitimate by many Indians, leading to resentment against the EIC.
• The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor-General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856.

The correct answer is A noted physician who adorned the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya.

Key Points

• Dhanvantari was one of the Navratnas of King Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II) of Ujjayini.
• The tradition of keeping Navaratna in court started from King Vikramaditya itself.
• Dhanwantari was a physician of Ayurveda in King Vikramaditya's court.
• 'Roga Nidan', and 'Vaidya Chintamani', are the famous books of Lord Dhanvantari.
• Divodasa Dhanvantari has made enormous contributions to Ayurveda.
• Though he has not written any Ayurvedic treatise, his teachings could be seen through Susruta-Samhita.
• He was responsible for the division of Ayurvedic surgery into two main branches: Salyatantra and Salakyatantra.

Indica is written by Megasthenes.

• Megasthenes stayed in the Mauryan Capital Pataliputra for five years.
• Whatever he saw during that time in India is given in detail in this book.
• From this book, we came to know about Chandragupta Maurya's Palace, capital, military organization, town planning, and Indian society.

Additional Information

• Fa-Hein was the first traveler who visited India from China.
• He studied the Sanskrit language for about three years in the city of Patliputra.
• He has written about the culture of Buddhism in India and the Gupta Empire in his book ‘Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms'.
• Fa-Hien wrote about India in his book Fo-kwo-ki (Travels of Fa-hien).
• During the reign of Harshvardhana who was a member of the Vardhana dynasty, the famous Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang came to India.
• He was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, translator, and traveler who came to India in the seventh century.
• The “Great Tang Records on the Western Regions” is a book written by him which describes his travels that took place between the years 626 and 645.
• During his journey, he visited many sacred Buddhist sites of Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

The correct answer is 1928.

Key Points

• The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission after its chairman Sir John Allsebrook Simon, was sent to India in 1928 (February - March, and October 1928 - April 1929) to study potential constitutional reform. In 1930, the Commission published its two-volume report, also known as the Simon Report.​

Additional Information

• The Simon Commission was dispatched to India in 1928 to review the Government of India Act 1919.
• The Commission, appointed by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, did not include any Indian delegates.
• As a result, the Indian National Congress and a faction of the Muslim League, led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, decided to boycott the Commission.
• Upon arrival in Bombay on 3 February 1928, the Commission was met by protests.
• In London, the London Branch of the Indian National Congress planned a demonstration upon the return of the Commission.

The correct answer is Lahore.

Key Points

• The Purna Swaraj declaration (or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire) was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 in its Lahore session.
• The flag of India was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 December 1929 on the banks of the Ravi river, in Lahore.
• Congress asked the people of India to observe 26 January as Independence Day.

Additional Information

• At its Bombay Session, the Congress protested the violation of rules by Lord Curzon as he used revenues from India for his forward policy in Tibet.
• The Congress also recorded its emphatic protest against the Curzon administration's proposal to divide Bengal, a province that was at the forefront of the anti-British struggle.
• The Karachi Congress Session which was held from March 26 to 31,1931 was chaired by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• It was a very special session of the Indian National Congress in which Mahatma Gandhi was selected to represent the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference to be held in London.
• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League (AIML) at a joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow representation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures.

The correct answer is a - 2, b - 1, c - 3, d - 4.

Key Points

• Indian National Army was revived under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943.
• The army was declared to be the army of Bose's Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (the Provisional Government of Free India).
• Lala Hardayal started the Ghadar movement in the early twentieth century among Indians in North America, primarily Sikhs, to end British rule in their country of India. On July 15, 1913, the Ghadar Party was founded in Astoria, Oregon.
• Vinayak Savarkar and Ganesh Savarkar started Mitra Mela, a revolutionary secret society in Nasik in 1899.
• It was one among several such melas (revolutionary societies) functioning in Maharashtra at that time, which believed in the overthrow of British rule through armed rebellion.
• Annie Besant launched the Home Rule League in September 1916 at Madras.
• They had the common objective of achieving self-government in India.
• There was an informal understanding between both the leagues wherein Tilak's league worked in Maharashtra (except Bombay), Karnataka, Berar, and the Central Provinces.

The correct answer is Mohammed Ali Jinnah.

Key Points

• While Jinnah was away in England, Gandhi changed his tactics and united Hindus and Muslims by espousing a Muslim-only religious cause: the ‘Khilafat’.
• Jinnah was especially opposed to befriending radical Muslim leaders and felt it would be nothing short of a `disaster for the country.
• The Khilafat movement, a campaign that called for the restoration of a caliphate spread across several countries, had started in 1919.
• It had gained traction in India only after Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi had fused the pan-Islamic agitation with the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Additional Information

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Badshah Khan, Frontier Gandhi, or Bacha Khan, and honorably addressed as Fakhr-e-Afghan, was a Pashtun freedom fighter and independence activist against British colonial rule in India.
• Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq popularly known as Sher-e-Bangla (Lion of Bengal) was a British Indian and Pakistani lawyer, writer, and statesman from eastern Bengal (present-day Bangladesh).
• Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad was an Indian independence activist, Islamic theologian, writer, and senior leader of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is Hindustan Republican Association

Key Points

• Hindustan Republican Association revolutionary groups were involved in Kakori Conspiracy Case.
• Kakori Conspiracy is also known as Kakori Kand, Kakori Conspiracy Case, or The Kakori Train Robbery.
• It was an armed robbery that took place on August 9, 1925, on a train in central Uttar Pradesh.
• The robbery occurred at the town of Kakori, about 16 km from Lucknow which was where the train was headed.

Additional Information

• The Ghadar Party was an international political movement consisting of expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India.
• The official founding has been dated to a meeting on 15 July 1913 in Astoria, Oregon, the United States of America.
• Anushilan Samiti was an Indian fitness club, which was actually used as an underground society for anti-British revolutionaries.
• In the first quarter of the 20^th century, it supported revolutionary violence as the means of ending British rule in India.
• Abhinav Bharat was named after the Abhinav Bharat Society, an organization founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
• The original organization believed in the armed revolution and was responsible for the assassinations of some officers of the ruling British government before being disbanded in 1952.
• Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, previously known as the Hindustan Republican Army and Hindustan Republican Association, was an Indian revolutionary organization founded by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi, Sachindranath Sanyal, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.

The correct answer is Krishna.

Key Points

• The world's largest masonry dam protected with 26 gates measuring 124.663m in height, Nagarjunasagar Dam located in Nalgonda District is built across River Krishna.
• The dam has a storage capacity of nearly 11,472 million cubic meters with an irrigation capacity for 9.81 lac acres of land.

Additional Information

• Babhali dam project or Babli barrage across the river Godavari in Maharashtra, located in Nanded district.
• Uttarakhand's Tehri Dam is one of the largest dams in India and was constructed in the 2006 across Ganges River.
• Kallanai (also known as the Grand Anicut) is an ancient dam.
• It is built (in running water) across the Kaveri river flowing from Tiruchirapalli District to Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.
• The dam is located in the Trichy district.

The correct answer is 1953.

Key Points

• Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hilary became the first climbers to reach the peak of Mt Everest more than six decades ago for the first time on May 29, 1953, creating history.
• May 29 thus became known as Mt Everest Day in Nepal to mark their achievement, a day celebrated with pomp and much celebration.
• Norgay and Hilary both were part of British army officer John Hunt’s expedition and reached the summit, the highest point on Earth, at 11:30 am on May 29.

Additional Information

About Mount Everest:

• The World's Highest Peak is Mount Everest.
• It is situated in Nepal.
• The height of Mount Everest is 8848 m (8900 m approx).
• It is always covered with snow.
• Nepali name: Sagarmatha.
• Tibetan name: Chomolungma.
• It is named after a Surveyor General of India George Everest.
• The peak is located in the Mahalangur sub-range of the Himalayas.

The correct answer is Keoladeo Ghana National Parks.

Key Points

• Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park is formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season.
• Over 350 species of birds are known to be residents.

Additional Information

• Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary is located in Chittorgarh District in Rajasthan.
• The sanctuary is around 55 km west of Kota.
• Mukundara Hills National Park is a national park in Rajasthan, India with an area of 759.99 km².
• It was established in 2004 and consists of three wildlife sanctuaries: Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, National Chambal Sanctuary, and Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary. It is located in the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests.
• Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary is Situated near Kolhapur-Nargund Road, Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary is one of the most-visited attractions in the region.
• It is enclosed by the mighty Ghataprabha River and emerged in over 22 Islands.

The correct answer is Dalli-Rajhara.

Key Points

• For the last 50 years, the Bhilai Steel Plant, which is India's largest integrated steel plant has gotten its supply of iron ore from Dalli Rajhara's mines.
• Dalli Rajhara, a municipality that is also an industrial city is located 90km south of Durg in Chhattisgarh.
• It is a part of the Rajhara group of mines.
• The Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP), located in Bhilai, in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, is India's first and main producer of steel rails, as well as a major producer of wide steel plates and other steel products.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

• Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post with a dozen buildings of significant size on the India-China border.
• The river Sutlej, which is called Langqen Zangbo in Tibet, enters India (from Tibet) near this pass.
• A spur road on the Indian side rises to an altitude of 4,720 meters (15,490 ft) four km southwest of Shipki La.
• Shipki La pass is located in the Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Ngari Prefecture in Tibet, China.
• The pass is one of India's border posts for trade with Tibet along with Nathu La in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
• The pass is close to the town of Khab.
• Lipulekh ( is a Himalayan pass on the border between India's Uttarakhand state and the Tibet region of China, near their trijunction with Nepal. Nepal has ongoing claims to the southern side of the pass, called Kalapani territory, which is controlled by India.
• Zoji La is a high mountain pass in the Himalayas in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. Located in the Dras
• The Burzil Pass is an ancient mountain pass and is part of the historic caravan route between the cities of Srinagar and Gilgit. Now it is in northern Pakistan.

The correct answer is the Expected yield on new capital.

Key Points

• A larger budget deficit will increase the demand for financial capital.
• If private savings and the trade balance remain the same, then less financial capital will be available for private investment in physical capital.
• Private investment will be most likely to be increased as a result of a rise in the expected yield on new capital.
• When government borrowing soaks up available financial capital and leaves less for private investment in physical capital, the result is known as crowding out.
• ​A situation when increased interest rates lead to a reduction in private investment spending such that it dampens the initial increase of total investment spending is called the crowding-out effect.

The correct answer is Central Statistical Organization.

Key Points

• National income is the total market value of production in a country's economy during a year.
• The Central Statistics Office (CSO) is a governmental agency in India under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation responsible for the coordination of statistical activities in India, and for evolving and maintaining statistical standards.
• It has a well-equipped Graphical Unit.
• The CSO is located in Delhi. Some portion of Industrial Statistics work pertaining to the Annual Survey of industries is carried out in Calcutta.
• It deals with statistical data of different departments.

Additional Information

• The monetary policy is a policy formulated by the central bank, i.e., RBI (Reserve Bank of India), and relates to the monetary matters of the country.
• The policy involves measures taken to regulate the supply of money, availability, and cost of credit in the economy.
• Ministry of Finance does Formulation and monitoring of macroeconomic policies, including issues relating to fiscal policy and public finance, inflation, public debt management, and the functioning of the Capital Market including Stock Exchanges.
• NITI Aayog (2015) is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs.
• Apart from designing strategic and long-term policies and programmes for the Government of India, NITI Aayog also provides relevant technical advice to the Centre, States, and Union Territories.

The correct answer is Tertiary.

Key Points

• The tertiary sector is also known as the service sector because the tertiary sector provides various services to primary and secondary sectors and the people.
• In the tertiary sector, people do not offer any goods or products but their services like transportation, banking, teaching, etc.

Additional Information

• The primary sector includes all those activities the end purpose of which consists in exploiting natural resources: agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and deposits.
• The manufacturing and Industry sector are known as the secondary sector, sometimes as the production sector.
• The secondary sector includes secondary processing of raw materials, food manufacturing, textile manufacturing, and industry.

The correct answer is Dr. Verghese Kurian.

Key Points

• Dr. Verghese Kurian is known as the father of the White Revolution in India.
• Gujarat-based cooperation “Anand Milk Union Limited” (Amul) was the engine behind the success of the program.
• Operation Flood is called the White Revolution in India.
• The program to increase the production of milk is called White Revolution.

Additional Information

• MS Swaminathan, known as the 'Father of Green Revolution was born on August 7, 1925.
• Swaminathan developed high-yielding varieties (HYV) of wheat and later, promoted sustainable development which he called, the 'evergreen revolution.
• Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution.
• Borlaug was awarded multiple honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Congressional Gold Medal.

The correct answer is P.V. Narsimha Rao.

Key Points

• Economic reforms were launched in 1991 as the structural adjustment program and it was started by the then Prime Minister Narasimha Rao.
• India’s New Economic Policy was launched by the then Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.
• The economic changes first became visible in 1991 and radically changed the direction that the Indian Economy had pursued since independence towards a liberalized and open economy.

The correct answer is Criminal Procedure Code.

Key Points

• Criminal law and criminal procedure fall under the Concurrent List while matters relating to Police and Prisons fall under the State List.
• The laws that govern criminal law in India are the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), and the Criminal Procedure Code, 1974 (CrPC).
• Concurrent List Subjects:
• Education.
• Forest.
• Trade unions.
• Marriage.
• Adoption.
• Succession.
• Criminal law and criminal procedure

Additional Information

• State List Subjects:
• Some of the important subjects are:
• Public order
• Police
• Public health and sanitation
• Hospitals and dispensaries
• Betting and gambling

The correct answer is Committed judiciary.

Key Points

• Constitution of India – Major Features
• Lengthiest Written Constitution
• Drawn from Various Sources
• Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility
• Federal System with Unitary Bias
• Quasi-federal structure.
• Parliamentary Form of Government
• Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy
• Rule Of Law
• Integrated and Independent Judiciary
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Fundamental Duties
• Indian Secularism
• Universal Adult Franchise
• Single Citizenship
• Distribution of powers
• Independent Bodies
• Emergency Provisions
• Three-tier Government
• Co-operative Societies

The correct answer is Directive Principles of States Policy.

Key Points

• Directive Principle of State Policy down that the State shall strive to promote the welfare of people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may, a social order, in which justice-social, economic and political-shall form in all institutions of national life.
• Directive Principles of State Policy aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life.
• They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state.

Additional Information

• The idea of Fundamental Duties is inspired by the Constitution of Russia.
• These were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution by the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Originally 10 in number, one more duty was added through the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
• All the eleven duties are listed in Article 51-A of the Constitution (the sole Article in Part-IV-A).
• The Fundamental Rights: The Constitution of India provides for six Fundamental Rights.
• Right to equality (Articles 14–18)
• Right to freedom (Articles 19–22)
• Right against exploitation (Articles 23–24)
• Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25–28)
• Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29–30)
• Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)

The correct answer is Article 40.

Key Points

• Article 40 of the Constitution which enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy lays down that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.

Additional Information

• Article 38: The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order by ensuring social, economic, and political justice and by minimizing inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities.
• The code comes under Article 44 of the Constitution, which lays down that the state shall endeavor to secure a Uniform Civil Code for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
• Article 46 "The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation."

The correct answer is Balwant Rai Mehta Committee.

Key Points

• Balwant Rai Mehta Committee suggested the establishment of a democratic decentralized local government which came to be known as the Panchayati Raj.
• Three-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, and Zila Parishad.

Additional Information

• Ashok Mehta Committee was appointed in 1977 to suggest measures to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj system in India.
• The key recommendations are:
• The three-tier system should be replaced with a two-tier system: Zila Parishad (district level) and the Mandal Panchayat (a group of villages).
• The district level is the first level of supervision after the state level.
• Zila Parishad should be the executive body and responsible for planning at the district level.
• The institutions (Zila Parishad and the Mandal Panchayat) have compulsory taxation powers to mobilize their own financial resources.

The correct answer is A switch is closed.

Key Points

• Current flows in a circuit when a switch is closed.
• Current only flows when a circuit is complete and when there are no gaps in it.
• In a complete circuit, the electrons flow from the negative terminal (connection) on the power source, through the connecting wires and components, such as bulbs, and back to the positive terminal.

The correct answer is Ohm.

Key Points

• The SI unit of electric resistance is the ohm (Ω).
• \(1 Ω = {1 V\over{A}}\)
• The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area.
• Resistance also depends on the material of the conductor.

Additional Information

• Faraday, also called Faraday constant, unit of electricity, is used in the study of electrochemical reactions and is equal to the amount of electric charge that liberates one gram equivalent of an ion from an electrolytic solution.
• Volt, unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and electromotive force in the meter–kilogram–second system (SI).
• It is equal to the difference in potential between two points in a conductor carrying one-ampere current when the power dissipated between the points is one watt.
• The ampere is a measure of the amount of electric charge in motion per unit time ― that is, electric current.
• But the quantity of electric charge by itself, whether in motion or not, is expressed by another SI unit, the coulomb (C).

The correct answer is Citric acid.

Key Points

• Lemon juice is about 5% citric acid, which gives lemons a sour taste and a pH of 2 to 3.
• Citric acid is found in many fruits but lemon contains a large quantity of citric acid.
• Oxalic acid is present in Tomatoes.
• Citric acid or Ascorbic Acid is present in oranges or lemons, and gooseberries (amla).
• Acetic Acid is present in Vinegar.

Additional Information

• A substance will be known as an acid if it gives out positive hydrogen ions, that is, H+ ions when dissolved in water.
• An acidic compound donates a proton.
• The acid is regarded as stable if and only if its conjugate base is also stable.
• A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions.
• When a base is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions shifts the opposite way.
• Because the base "soaks up" hydrogen ions, the result is a solution with more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
• This kind of solution is alkaline.

The correct answer is Cancer.

Key Points

• Carcinogens may increase the risk of cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with biological processes, and induces the uncontrolled, malignant division, ultimately leading to the formation of tumors.
• Known human carcinogens
• Treosulfan.
• Trichloroethylene.
• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including UVA, UVB, and UVC rays.
• Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices.
• Vinyl chloride.
• Welding fumes.
• Wood dust.
• X- and Gamma-radiation.

The correct answer is Epidermis.

Key Points

• ​Three layers of tissue make up the skin:
• Epidermis, the top layer
• The dermis, the middle layer.
• The hypodermis, the bottom or fatty layer.
• The epidermis is the top layer, and the dermis is the middle layer.
• The dermis exists between the epidermis and the hypodermis.
• While the epidermis is the thinnest layer of skin, the dermis is the thickest layer of skin.

Given:

√(1 + 27/169) = (1 + x/13)

Calculation:

√[(169 + 27)/169] = (1 + x/13)

⇒ √(196/169) = 1 + x/13

⇒ 14/13 = 1 + x/13

⇒ x/13 = 1/13

∴ x = 1

Given:

Number = \(37\frac{1}{2}\)

Calculation:

? = 75/2 ÷ 1/8

⇒ ? = (75/2) × 8

⇒ ? = 300

∴ There are 300 1/8's in given number.

Given:

\(? = \sqrt{\frac{36.1}{102.4}}\)

Calculation:

⇒ ? = √(361/1024)

∴ ? = 19/32

Given:

Population increase by = 4%

Migration decrease = 1/2%

Calculation:

Total annual increase in population = 4 - 1/2 = 7/2%

Let the original population of a town be 100.

Population after three years = 100 (1 + (7/2)/100)³ = 110.87

∴ % increase in population = (110.87 - 100)/100 × 100 = 10.8%

Given:

Average of 13 results = 68

Average of first 7 = 63

Average of last 7 = 70

Formula:

Average = sum of terms/Number of terms

Calculation:

Total sum of 13 results = 68 × 13 = 884

Total sum of first 7 results = 63 × 7 = 441

Total sum of last 7 results = 70 × 7 = 490

∴ The 7^th result = (441 + 490) - 884 = 47

सही उत्तर कुण्ठित है। 

Key Points 

• 'तीक्ष्ण' का विलोम शब्द कुण्ठित है।
• तीक्ष्ण का अर्थ- तेज
• कुण्ठित का अर्थ- कुंद

अन्य विकल्प - 

• तीव्र - मन्द
• तृष्णा - वितृष्णा
• त्यागी - गृही

सही उत्तर गणपति है। 

Key Points

• 'गजवदन' का पर्यायवाची गणपति है।
• 'गजवदन' का अर्थ- गणेश।
• 'गजवदन' के पर्यायवाची- विनायक, विघ्रनाशक, भवानीनन्दन, विघ्रराज, गौरीनंदन, मूषकवाहन, गजानन आदि।

अन्य विकल्प - 

• गर्जन - शोर, आवाज, कोलाहल।
• मेघनाद - शक्रजित् , इंद्र-दमन, इंद्रजीत, इंद्रदमन, इन्द्रदमन, इन्द्रजीत।
• विष्णु - नारायण, दामोदर, पीताम्बर, चक्रपाणी, जनार्दन, मुकुंद, गोविन्द, कमलाकांत, लक्ष्मीपति।

सही उत्तर कंटकाकीर्ण है। 

Key Points

• काँटों से भरा हुआ' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द 'कंटकाकीर्ण' है।
• कंटकाकीर्ण एक विशेषण शब्द है।

अन्य विकल्प    

• कंटक - ऐसी वस्तु, जो लोगों के मार्ग में बाधा या रूकावट उत्पन्न करती हो।
• विकीर्ण - इधर-उधर फैला हुआ या छितराया हुआ।
• कुचैला -  पाप करनेवाला, पापी।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर उचित निर्णय करना है।    

Key Points

• दूध का दूध और पानी का पानी करना' मुहावरे का अर्थ है - उचित निर्णय करना ।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - राजा सिंदकर ऐसा था कि दूध का दूध और पानी का पानी कर देता था।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर  बहिष्कार है।  

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से बहिष्कार शब्द की वर्तनी शुद्ध है तथा अन्य शब्दों की वर्तनी त्रुटि पूर्ण हैं।
• बहिष्कार का अर्थ - बाहर करने या निकालने की क्रिया।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- गाँधी जी ने विदेशी वस्तुओं का बहिष्कार किया था।

Additional Information

The correct answer is "he was afraid"

Key Points

• According to the line given in the passage, I lay still trying to get to sleep but my fear made that impossible and soon I sat up in bed peering into the darkness and occasionally glancing at the round window in the side of the ship which seemed like a plate suspended in the darkness.
• The given passage is all about the speaker's experience of cold and his fear of the night.
• Upon reading the line, we can interpret that, the speaker is afraid of the darkness that's why he sat-up and started peering into the window.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "a cold breeze blew past his face."

Key Points

• According to the line given in the passage, For an hour I must have sat like this, and then I was suddenly roused, by a drought of cold air.
• In the given line, it is clearly mentioned that the speaker has roused up when a cold breeze just past his face.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "None of these"

Key Points

• According to the line given in the passage, I climbed into bed and rolled myself in my blankets, first extinguishing the light that burned steadily near the door.
• In the given sentence, we interpret that first, he extinguished the light that was burning steadily near the door. Then, he climbed into bed and rolled himself in his blankets.
• The given sentence is quite complex to read while we can understand it from the cardinal number that is "first"
• So the correct answer is Option 4 i.e. None of these.

Note:- In the given answer key, the correct answer is Option 2 which is incorrect according to the passage. So we have to consider Option 4 as the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Dignity"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Pride- a feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements, the achievements of those with whom one is closely associated, or from qualities or possessions that are widely admired.
• Humour- the quality of being amusing or comic, especially as expressed in literature or speech.
• Hate- feel intense dislike for.
• Dignity- a sense of pride in oneself; self-respect.
• Cowardice- lack of bravery.
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 3 i.e. Dignity.

Hinglish

• Pride- किसी की अपनी उपलब्धियों से प्राप्त गहरी खुशी या संतुष्टि की भावना, उन लोगों की उपलब्धियां जिनके साथ कोई निकटता से जुड़ा हुआ है, या उन गुणों या संपत्तियों से जो व्यापक रूप से प्रशंसित हैं।
• Humour- मनोरंजक या हास्य होने की गुणवत्ता, विशेष रूप से जैसा कि साहित्य या भाषण में व्यक्त किया गया है।
• Hate- के लिए तीव्र नापसंद महसूस करते हैं।
• Dignity- अपने आप में गर्व की भावना; स्वाभिमान।
• Cowardice- बहादुरी की कमी।

The correct answer is "Dull"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Keen- having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm. उत्सुकता या उत्साह होना या दिखाना।
• Dull- lacking interest or excitement. रुचि या उत्तेजना की कमी।
• Alert- quick to notice any unusual and potentially dangerous or difficult circumstances; vigilant. किसी भी असामान्य और संभावित खतरनाक या कठिन परिस्थितियों को नोटिस करने के लिए जल्दी; सतर्क।
• Humble- having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's importance. किसी के महत्व का मामूली या कम अनुमान होना या दिखाना।
• Request- an act of asking politely or formally for something. किसी चीज के लिए विनम्रतापूर्वक या औपचारिक रूप से पूछने का कार्य।
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 1 i.e. Dull.

The logic followed here is :

• Rabies is a viral infection which is transmitted by bites of an infected Dog.

Similarly,

• Malaria is a parasitic infection which is  transmitted by bites of an infected female Mosquito.

​ Hence, the correct answer is "Malaria".

Additional Information

Plague : A rare but serious bacterial infection that's transmitted by an infected rats, rabbits etc.

Stings : A sting is when an insect uses another body part, such as a barbed stinger at its tail end, to pierce the skin and inject venom.

The meaning of given word is

Here, Nun, Monk and Priest are religious person but Knight is not religious . so, Knight is odd one.

Hence, the correct answer is "Knight".

The logic followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, The correct answer is "AVDATNSEGA".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The possible tree diagram will be

Here, 'Your mother's husband' means Your father.

"Your mother’s husband’s sister" means your father's sister i.e. your paternal aunt.

"Your mother’s husband’s sister is my aunt (Bua)." means  Your paternal aunt is my paternal aunt.  [As Bua is mentioned]

So, the lady should be man's sister or cousin.

As only sister is given as an option. So, the lady will sister of the man.

Hence,  the correct answer is "sister".

Additional InformationPaternal Aunt : Father's sister

Maternal Aunt : Mother's sister

Given:

18^th February , 2005 is Friday.

Concept:

The number of days in a normal year is 365 i.e. 52 week 1 day 

So, we can say every year we get 1 odd day.

The number of days in a leap year is 366 i.e. 52 week 2 days

So, we can say every leap year we get 2 odd days.

Calculation:

There has no leap year between 2005 and 2007.

From 18^th February , 2005 to 18^th February , 2006 : There has only

 1 odd day.

So, 18^th February , 2006 = Friday + 1 = Saturday.

From 18^th February , 2006 to 18^th February , 2007 : There has only

 1 odd day.

So, 18^th February , 2007 = Saturday + 1 = Sunday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sunday".

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Rajasthan became the first state in the country to provide health insurance for all its residents.
• The state began registration for Mukhyamantri Chiranjeevi Swasthya Bima Yojana under which each family in the state can claim up to Rs five lakh a year for medical expenses.
• It is one of the biggest health care schemes aimed at providing medical relief to all residents of Rajasthan."
• Gehlot said, "Rajasthan has become the first state in the country, where each family will get health insurance of Rs 5 lakh each year.
• People can get registered and be assured of cashless treatment."
• The health insurance scheme was announced by Chief Minister Gehlot in the state budget 2021-22.

The correct answer is Mastercard.

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed restrictions on Mastercard Asia/Pacific Pte. Ltd. (Mastercard) from onboarding new domestic customers (debit, credit, or prepaid) onto its card network from July 22, 2021.
• The central bank has clarified that the action will not impact the services of existing Mastercard holders in the country.
• While existing customers won’t be impacted by the move, bank services are likely to be hit as Mastercard accounted for about a third of roughly 100 debit cards on offer.

Additional Information

• Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States.
• It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards, and prepaid cards.
• RuPay is an Indian multinational financial services and payment service system, conceived and launched by the National Payments Corporation of India on 26 March 2012.
• It was created to fulfill the Reserve Bank of India's vision of establishing a domestic, open, and multilateral system of payments.
• Mastercard Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York.
• The Global Operations Headquarters is located in O'Fallon, Missouri, a municipality of St. Charles County, Missouri.

The correct answer is the Ministry of Ayush.

Key Points

• 'Namaste Yoga', a mobile application was launched on 11 June 2021 in the curtain-raiser event for the 7^th International Day of Yoga.
• The event was organized by the Ministry of Ayush in association with the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga.
• The event brought together several Yoga Gurus and experienced Yoga exponents on the virtual platform, to appeal to the world community to adopt Yoga in their daily life for the betterment of both the individual self and mankind.
• The event underlined the importance of the central theme of IDY 2021 “Be With Yoga, Be At Home”.
• As a part of the event, a mobile application devoted to Yoga named “Namaste Yoga”, was also launched.
• The Namaste Yoga” app has been designed as an information platform for the public, with the aim to raise awareness about yoga and make it accessible to the larger community.

The correct answer is Tek Chand.

Key Points

• India’s flag-bearer for Tokyo Paralympics, Mariyappan Thangavelu is in quarantine after possible exposure to Covid-19 during his flight.
• Asian Games gold medallist Tekchand to be the new flag bearer at the opening ceremony.
• The 2020 Summer Paralympics, branded as the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, was an international multi-sport parasports event held from 24 August to 5 September 2021 in Tokyo, Japan.
• They were the 16^th Summer Paralympic Games as organized by the International Paralympic Committee.

Additional Information

• Mariyappan Thangavelu is an Indian Paralympic high jumper.
• He represented India in the 2016 Summer Paralympics games held in Rio de Janeiro in the men's high jump T-42 category and the 2020 Summer Paralympic games held in Tokyo in the men's high jump T-63 category, winning the gold medal and silver medal respectively in the finals.
• He is India's first Paralympian gold medalist since 2004.
• Devendra Jhajharia is an Indian Paralympic javelin thrower competing in F46 events.
• He is the first Indian Paralympics player to win two gold medals at the Paralympics.

The correct answer is 7.6%.

Key Points

• Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana aims at tackling a  major problem associated with the girl child – education and marriage.
• It is focused on securing a bright future for the girl child in India by facilitating the parents of a girl child in building a fund for the proper education and carefree marriage expenses of their child.
• SSY has introduced the Sukanya Samriddhi Account for this very purpose.
• The rate of interest for the 2^nd quarter of FY 2021-2022, i.e. 1 July 2021 to 30 September 2021, has been kept unchanged at 7.6%.
• The rate of interest for the 1^st quarter of FY 2021-2022 i.e. 1 April 2021 to 30 June 2021 was 7.6%.
• The entire deposit in ‘Account under default’ (where a minimum amount of Rs 250 has not been deposited), which is not regularised within the prescribed time, would earn interest on the post savings bank account; except if the default is due to the death of the guardian who opened the Account.

Additional Information

• ‘Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana is a small deposit scheme for the girl children, launched as a part of the ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ campaign, which would fetch an attractive interest rate and provide an income tax rebate.
• Eligibility for ‘Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
• Parents or legal guardians can open deposits on behalf of girl children (including adopted girl children) for up to 2 daughters aged below 10.
• Three girl children, in the case of twin girls as second birth or the first birth itself, results in three girl children.
• Only one account can be opened in the name of a girl child.
• Minimum of Rs 250 of initial deposit with multiple of Rs 150 thereafter with an annual ceiling of Rs.150000 in a financial year.
• The maximum period up to which deposits can be made is 15 years from the date of opening of the account.
• The account shall mature on completion of 21 years from the date of opening of an account or on the marriage of the Account holder whichever is earlier.

The correct answer is Vidya Balan.

Key Points

• The Indian Army has named one of its firing ranges in Kashmir after Bollywood actress Vidya Balan.
• The Vidya Balan firing range is situated at Gulmarg in the Baramulla district of Jammu & Kashmir.
• The decision was taken in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema.
• Earlier in the year, the actress and her husband Siddharth Roy Kapoor had attended the Gulmarg Winter Festival organized by the Indian Army.

Additional Information

• Lieutenant General Manoj Pande will be replacing General Manoj Mukund Naravane as the 29^th chief of the Indian Army.
• Lieutenant General Manoj Pande has become the first engineer to become the chief of army staff (COAS).
• He will be taking charge of this post from 1^st May 2022.
• On 1^st February he replaced Lieutenant General CP Mohanty as the vice army chief.

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• Henley passport index ranks the passports of countries according to the number of destinations their holders can visit without a prior visa.
• The rankings are based on the analysis of data provided by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
• India’s rank has slipped by six places from last year to 90 on the Henley Passport Index, which lists the world’s most travel-friendly passports.
• Japan and Singapore stood at the top of this year’s list, with their passport holders allowed to travel visa-free to 192 countries, while South Korea and Germany share the second position.
• For the third consecutive year, Japan has secured the top position.
• Meanwhile, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, and Yemen are among the least powerful.

Additional Information

• India had ranked 112^th among 153 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2020.
• India has slipped 28 places to rank 140^th among 156 countries in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021, becoming the third-worst performer in South Asia.
• The WEF published its first gender gap index in 2006.
• India secured 168 ranks in the 12^th edition of the biennial Environment Performance Index (EPI Index 2020)
• It measured the environmental performance of 180 countries and was released by Yale University on June 4, 2020.
• India’s rank was 177 (with a score of 30.57 out of 100) in 2018.

The correct answer is DMK.

Key Points

• The Sixteenth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election was held on 6 April 2021, to elect representatives from the 234 constituencies in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
• The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won the election, ending the decade-long reign of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).
• The DMK's leader M. K. Stalin became the eighth Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and the 12^th Chief Minister since the 1956 reorganization.
• He replaced Edappadi K. Palaniswami of the AIADMK.
• The poll was Tamil Nadu's first assembly election after the demises of the two most prominent Chief Ministers in the state's modern history, J. Jayalalithaa—general secretary of the AIADMK, and M. Karunanidhi—president of the DMK, who died in 2016 and 2018 respectively.

The correct answer is Iceland.

Key Points

• As of 2021, the most peaceful country in the world is Iceland.
• ​Qualities that make it the most peaceful nation on Earth include low crime rates, robust education and welfare systems, fair pay for workers, and “non-existent” tension among the economic classes.
• New Zealand is the second-most peaceful country worldwide, a rank it has enjoyed since 2014.
• New Zealand has remained in the top four most peaceful nations for the last ten years.
• The third most peaceful country in the nation is Denmark, which moves up two positions from 2020.

Additional Information

• The Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness.
• The GPI ranks 172 independent states and territories (collectively accounting for 99.7 percent of the world's population) according to their levels of peacefulness.
• India had ranked 112^th among 153 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2020.
• India has slipped 28 places to rank 140^th among 156 countries in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021, becoming the third-worst performer in South Asia.
• The WEF published its first gender gap index in 2006.

The correct answer is Telangana.

Key Points

• Telangana state government implements Chief Minister Dalit Empowerment Programme.
• The All-party meeting has unanimously decided to send Rs 10 Lakh financial assistance directly to the bank accounts of the Dalit beneficiaries under CM Dalit Empowerment Programme to the eligible Dalits to make them financially self-sufficient economically and their independent decision making.
• In the first phase, from the 119 Assembly Constituencies, 100 families from each constituency all over the state, the assistance would be given to the eligible 11,900 people selected.
• The Telangana State government has introduced several schemes and programmes for the development and welfare of Dalits.
• But yet with an aim to set the Dalit families who are under the poverty line move towards development, CM Dalit Empowerment Programme is being introduced at a cost of Rs 1200 Crores.

The correct answer is Bhutan.

Key Points

• Although it measures only 110 miles from the north to south and 200 from east to west, Bhutan - is called by its people Druk Yul, "the Land of the Thunder Dragon".
• It is home to a remarkable variety of climates and ecosystems. Essentially, the country is divided into three major land regions: plains and river valleys in the south; a mid-Himalayan (5,000 to 14,000 ft. high) area north of the valleys; and the mountainous lands in the Himalayas, which range from 14,000 to 24,000 ft. above sea level.

Additional Information

• Japan is an island country in East Asia.
• It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south.
• Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia.
• It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, bordering Tibet of China to the north, and India in the south, east, and west, while it is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor, and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim.
• Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
• It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, and southeast of the Arabian Sea.
• It is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.

The correct answer is Saudi Arabia.

Key Points

• Riyadh city is the capital of Saudi Arabia.
• The city’s name is derived from the plural of the Arabic rawḍah, meaning gardens or meadows, so named for natural fertility provided by its location at the juncture of Wadis Ḥanifah and Al-Baṭḥaʾ.
• The city is located in the Minṭaqat Al-Riyaḍ, one of the country’s 13 provinces, and is situated in the central portions of both the country and the larger Arabian Peninsula.

Additional Information

• Dhaka also spelled Dacca, city, and capital of Bangladesh.
• It is located just north of the Buriganga River, a channel of the Dhaleswari River, in the south-central part of the country.
• Dhaka is Bangladesh's most populous city and is one of the largest metropolises in South Asia.
• Naypyitaw is the modern capital of Myanmar (Burma), north of the former capital, Yangon.
• Traditional tiered roofs crown the buildings of its Parliament (Hluttaw) complex.

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• Goa is the smallest state in India.
• The capital city of Goa is Panji.
• The total area covered by the state of Goa is 3,702 square kilometers.
• It occupies only 0.11% of the total land’s country.
• Goa is situated on the west coast of the Arabian sea.
• Based on population, Goa stands in the fourth position.
• The capital city of Goa is Panji, and Vasco da Gama is the largest city in the state.

Additional Information

• India is the seventh-largest country in the world as per the area.
• India is politically divided into 28 states and 8 Union Territories.
• According to the State Census 2011, Sikkim is the least populated state in India.
• The population of this state is 6,07,688.
• Most Populated City: Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Facts about cities
• Least populated: Kapurthala city, Punjab.
• Highest sex ratio: Kozhikode, Kerala (1093 females per 1000 males).
• Lowest sex ratio: Bhiwandi city, Maharashtra (709 females per 1000 males)
• Highest literacy rate: Aizawl city, Mizoram (98.76%).
• Least literate city: Sambhal, UP (48%).

The correct answer is 6 years.

Key Points

• The Rajya Sabha should consist of not more than 250 members - 238 members representing the States and Union Territories, and 12 members nominated by the President.
• Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.
• However, one-third of the members retire every second year and are replaced by newly elected members.
• Each member is elected for a term of six years.
• The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
• The House also elects a Deputy Chairman from among its members.
• Besides, there is also a panel of "Vice Chairmen" in the Rajya Sabha.
• The senior-most minister, who is a member of Rajya Sabha, is appointed by the Prime Minister as Leader of the House.

The correct answer is October 24.

Key Points

• United Nations Day is celebrated on October 24 every year.
• It marks the official establishment of the United Nations in 1945.
• On this day, the UN Charter was ratified by a majority of signatories, including the five permanent members of the Security Council, and this led to the official establishment of the UN.
• The Day was first celebrated in 1948.
• The UN, in 1971, also recommended that member states observe it as a public holiday.

Additional Information

• The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization whose purpose is to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.
• Currently made up of 193 Member States, the UN and its work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.

The correct answer is The Hague.

Key Points

• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN).
• It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.
• The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).
• Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America).
• The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
• The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.
• It is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Khajuraho monuments are located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, in the Chatarpur district.
• The temples are located near a small town also known as Khajuraho, with a population of about 24,481 people (2011 Census).
• They are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The temples are famous for their nagara-style architectural symbolism and their erotic sculptures, which are about 10% of the sculptures there.
• Most Khajuraho temples were built between 885 AD and 1050 AD by the Chandela dynasty.
• Historical records note that the Khajuraho temple site had 85 temples by the 12^th century, spread over 20 square kilometers.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The Nabakalebara 2015 is a celebration of the ancient ritual of the Nabakalebara associated with most of the Jagannath Temples when the idols of Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, Subhadra, and Sudarshan are replaced by a new set of idols; the last such festival of events was held in 1996.
• More than 5 million devotees are expected to participate in these rituals held in and around the temple complex of the Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha.
• The rituals are held when an Adhikamasa (intercalary month) of Ashadha (June/July), when two lunar months of Ashadha (four lunar fortnights) fall in one year, as per the Hindu Calendar.
• Such a rare occasion usually occurs once in 12 years, but the gap may range from eight to 19 years.

Additional Information

• Various festivals are being celebrated across the Nations:
• Makar Sankranti: The festival of Makar Sankranti is being celebrated today when the Sun enters the Makar zodiac and the days begin to lengthen compared to nights.
• Pongal: In South India and particularly in Tamil Nadu, it’s the festival of Pongal which is celebrated over 4 days at harvest time.
• Magha Bihu: In Assam and many parts of the North East, the festival of Magha Bihu is celebrated. It sees the first harvest of the season offered to the gods along with prayers for peace and prosperity.
• Uttarayan: Gujarat celebrates it in the form of the convivial kite festival of Uttarayan.
• Maghi: In Punjab, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Maghi. Bathing in a river in the early hours of Maghi is important.
• Saaji: In the Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh, Makara Sankranti is known as Magha Saaji.
• Saaji is the Pahari word for Sankranti, the start of the new month. Hence this day marks the start of the month of Magha.
• Kicheri: The festival is known as Kicheri in Uttar Pradesh and involves ritual bathing.

The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

• The Primary greenhouse gases(GHGs)are:
• Water Vapour
• Carbon dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous oxide
• Ozone
• Other GHGs are carbon monoxide, fluorinated gases, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), black carbon (soot), and brown carbon.
• Among the greenhouse gases, only water vapor can absorb both incoming (UV) and outgoing (infrared) radiation.

Additional Information

• The Greenhouse Effect is a natural phenomenon.
• It has been happening on earth for millions of years.
• The natural greenhouse effect happens due to water vapor and particles of water present in the atmosphere.
• This phenomenon has enabled life to emerge on land from the oceans.
• This is also the reason the earth has sustained life as it maintains an average temperature of 15 degrees celsius on earth.

The correct answer is Outstanding performance in sports.

Key Points

• The Arjuna Award, officially known as Arjuna Award for Outstanding Performance in Sports and Games, is the second-highest sporting honour in India, the highest being the Khel Ratna Award.
• The award is named after Arjuna, one of the characters of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India.
• It is given to individuals for their exemplary and exceptional performance in various categories of sports.
• The award is bestowed by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• The award is given to promote sports in India.

Additional Information

2023 Arjuna Award Recipient:

सही उत्तर प्राप्त करने योग्य है। 

Key Points

• 'स्पृहणीय' शब्द का अर्थ है - प्राप्त करने योग्य।
• गद्यांशानुसार- स्वतंत्रता संग्राम मनुष्य में उत्तम और स्पृहणीय विशेषताएँ पैदा करता है।
• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश में स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के विषय पर बात हो रही है जिसे महात्मा गाँधी ने बिना किसी ईर्ष्या-द्वेष तथा खून-खराबे के लड़ा था।
• गाँधीजी इसे सत्याग्रह कहते थे।

सही उत्तर महात्मा गाँधी के नेतृत्व में राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन कैसा था।

Key Points

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश में लेखक ने मुख्य रूप से बताया है कि महात्मा गाँधी के नेतृत्व में राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन कैसा था।
• महात्मा गांधी भारत एवं भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता आन्दोलन के एक प्रमुख राजनैतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक नेता थे।
• गद्यांशानुसार- महात्मा गाँधी के नेतृत्व में यह युद्ध बिना किसी ईर्ष्या-द्वेष तथा खून-खराबे के लड़ा गया था। गाँधीजी इसे सत्याग्रह कहते थे। इसके पीछे उनकी शिक्षा, धार्मिक आस्था तथा अन्य उपलब्धियों का उतना हाथ नहीं था जितना उनके सदाचरण और व्यवहार का।

सही उत्तर भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की विशेषता बताना।

Key Points

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के लेखक का उद्देश्य भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की विशेषता बताना था।
• स्वतंत्रता संग्राम मनुष्य में उत्तम और स्पृहणीय विशेषताएँ पैदा करता है और भारतीय स्वातंत्र्य संग्राम भी इसका अपवाद नहीं है।
• महात्मा गाँधी के नेतृत्व में यह युद्ध बिना किसी ईर्ष्या-द्वेष तथा खून-खराबे के लड़ा गया था।
• गाँधीजी इसे सत्याग्रह कहते थे।
• इसके पीछे उनकी शिक्षा, धार्मिक आस्था तथा अन्य उपलब्धियों का उतना हाथ नहीं था जितना उनके सदाचरण और व्यवहार का।

सही उत्तर सभी धर्मों का आदर है। 

Key Points

• धर्मनिरपेक्ष से अभिप्राय है- सभी धर्मों का आदर
• धर्मनिरपेक्षता एक जटिल तथा गत्यात्मक अवधारणा है। इस अवधारणा का प्रयोग सर्वप्रथम यूरोप में किया गया। यह एक ऐसी विचारधारा है जिसमें धर्म और धर्म से संबंधित विचारों को इहलोक संबंधित मामलों से जान बूझकर दूर रखा जाता है अर्थात् तटस्थ रखा जाता है।
• धर्मनिरपेक्षता राज्य द्वारा किसी विशेष धर्म को संरक्षण प्रदान करने से रोकती है।
• धर्मनिरपेक्षता का अर्थ है कि राज्य राजनीति या किसी गैर-धार्मिक मामले से धर्म को दूर रखे तथा सरकार धर्म के आधार पर किसी से भी कोई भेदभाव न करे। धर्मनिरपेक्षता का अर्थ किसी के धर्म का विरोध करना नहीं है बल्कि सभी को अपने धार्मिक विश्वासों एवं मान्यताओं को पूरी आज़ादी से मानने की छूट देता है।

सही उत्तर इसमें सभी जातियों, वर्गों, धर्मों के लोंगों ने भाग लिया था। है।

Key Points

• हमारा स्वतंत्रता संग्राम जनतांत्रिक था क्योंकि इसमें सभी जातियों, वर्गों, धर्मों के लोंगों ने भाग लिया था।
• इस स्वातंत्र्य आंदोलन को स्मरण रखने का मुख्य कारण यह है कि यह जनतांत्रिक था अर्थात्‌ इसमें देश के हर वर्ग और जाति के लोग सम्मिलित थे, चाहे बे धनी हों या गरीब, नर हों या नारी हों अथवा विभिन्न संप्रदायों के। इसके साथ ही यह एक धर्मनिरपेक्ष और स्वतंत्रता कर्मियों का संघर्षशील राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन था। ​​

सही उत्तर मानव-मन में जो घटित होता है, वही सृष्टि में घटित होता है। है।

Key Points

• मानव को सृष्टि का लघु रूप माना गया है क्योंकि मानव-मन में जो घटित होता है, वही सृष्टि में घटित होता है।
• गद्यांशानुसार- इस मानव को ब्रह्माण्ड का लघु रूप मानकर भारतीय दार्शनिकों ने 'यत् पिण्डे तत् ब्रह्माण्डे' की कल्पना की थी। उनकी यह कल्पना मात्र कल्पना नहीं थी, प्रत्युत यथार्थ भी थी क्योंकि मानव-मन में जो विचारणा के रूप में घटित होता है, उसी का कृति रूप ही तो सृष्टि है। मन तो मन, मानव का शरीर भी अप्रतिम है।

सही उत्तर साहित्यशास्त्री में है। 

Key Points

• वैज्ञानिक दृष्टि का अपेक्षाकृत अभाव साहित्यशास्त्री में होता है।
• साहित्यशास्त्रियों ने भी इसी मानव की भावनाओं का विवेचन करते हुए अनेक रसों का निरूपण किया है। परन्तु वैज्ञानिक दृष्टि से विचार किया जाए तो मानव-शरीर को एक जटिल यन्त्र से उपमित किया जा सकता है।
• जिस प्रकार यन्त्र के एक पुर्जे में दोष आ जाने पर सारा यन्त्र गड़बड़ा जाता है, बेकार हो जाता है उसी प्रकार मानव- शरीर के विभिन्न अवयवों में से यदि कोई एक अवयव भी बिगड़ जाता है तो उसका प्रभाव सारे शरीर पर पड़ता है।

सही उत्तर अवयव रुपी पुजों के विकृत होने से शरीर यन्त्रवत्त् निष्क्रिय हो जाता है।

Key Points

• मानव शरीर को यन्त्रवत् कहा गया है क्योंकि अवयव रुपी पुर्जों के विकृत होने से शरीर यन्त्रवत्त् निष्क्रिय हो जाता है।
• मानव-शरीर को एक जटिल यन्त्र से उपमित किया जा सकता है।  जिस प्रकार यन्त्र के एक पुर्जे में दोष आ जाने पर सारा यन्त्र गड़बड़ा जा���ा है, बेकार हो जाता है उसी प्रकार मानव- शरीर के विभिन्न अवयवों में से यदि कोई एक अवयव भी बिगड़ जाता है तो उसका प्रभाव सारे शरीर पर पड़ता है।

सही उत्तर अंग-प्रत्यारोपण द्वारा शरीर को सामान्य बनाना

Key Points

• शल्य-चिकित्सकों द्वारा स्वीकार की गई दायित्वपूर्ण चुनौती थी- अंग-प्रत्यारोपण द्वारा शरीर को सामान्य बनाना
• शल्य-चिकित्सकों ने अंग-प्रत्यारोपण की दायित्वपूर्ण चुनौती को स्वीकार किया तथा निरन्तर अध्यवसाय पूर्णसाधना के अनन्तर अंग-प्रत्यारोपण के क्षेत्र में सफलता प्राप्त की।
• अंग- प्रत्यारोपण का उद्देश्य है कि मनुष्य दीर्घायु प्राप्त कर सके। यहाँ यह ध्यातव्य है कि मानव-शरीर हर किसी के अंग को उसी प्रकार स्वीकार नहीं करता, जिस प्रकार हर किसी का रक्त उसे स्वीकार्य नहीं होता।
• रोगी को रक्त देने से पूर्व रक्त-वर्ग का परीक्षण अत्यावश्यक है, तो अंग-प्रत्यारोपण से पूर्व ऊतक-परीक्षण अनिवार्य है।
• आज का शल्य-चिकित्सक गुर्दे, यकृत, आँत, फेफड़े और हृदय का प्रत्यारोपण सफलतापूर्वक कर रहा है।
• साधन-सम्पन्न चिकित्सालयों में मस्तिष्क के अतिरिक्त शरीर के प्रायः सभी अंगों का प्रत्यारोपण सम्भव हो गया है।

सही उत्तर स्वस्थ है।

Key Points

• 'निरामय' शब्द का पर्याय है- स्वस्थ
• 'निरामय' का अर्थ - नीरोग, निष्कलंक। (विशेषण)
• 'निरामय' शब्द के अन्य पर्यायवाची - निरोग,सकुशल,स्वस्थ,निर्मल।

अन्य विकल्प-

• सुन्दर- कलित, ललाम, मंजुल, रुचिर, चारु, रम्य
• अद्भुत- आश्चर्यजनक, अनोखा।
• नवीन- नया, नूतन

Calculation:

From options:

1. For 2012-13 = 55 million tonnes

Production fell down as compare to previous year is = 58 - 55 = 3 million tonnes

2. For 2015 - 16 = 60 million tonnes

Production fell down as compare to previous year is = 98 - 60 = 38 million tonnes

3. For 2016 - 17 = 55 million tonnes

Production fell down as compare to previous year is = 60 - 55 = 5 million tonnes

4. For 2019 - 20 = 80 million tonnes

Production fell down as compare to the previous year is = 90 - 80 = 10 million tonnes

∴ From above, during the year 2015 - 16, production fell down to a maximum extent.

Given:

Calculation:

From options,

1. Production in 2013 - 14 = 90 million tonnes

% increase = [(90 - 55)/55] × 100 = 63.6%

2. Production in 2017 - 18 = 80 million tonnes

% increase = [(80 - 55)/55] × 100 = 45.4%

3. Production in 2014-15 = 98 million tonnes

% increase = [(98 - 90)/90] × 100 = 8.8%

4. Production in 2018-19 = 90 million tonnes

% increase = [(90 - 80)/80] × 100 = 12.5%

∴ From above, during year 2013-14 increase in production was maximum over previous year.

Formula:

Average = (Sum of terms)/(Number of terms)

Calculation:

Total production during first three years = 42 + 44 + 58 = 144 million tonnes

∴ Required average production = 144/3 = 48 MT

Calculation:

∴ From the graph, the maximum production of cement was noted in the year 2014 -15 which is 98 MT.

Given:

Calculation:

Production during year 2011-12 = 58 MT

Production during year 2010-11 = 44 MT

∴ % increase in production over previous year = [(58 - 44)/44] × 100 = 31.8%

Given:

Calculation:

Import in 2014-15 = 900 crores

Import in 2015-16 = 1200 crores

∴ % increase in import = (1200 - 900)/900 × 100 = 33.33%

Given:

Calculation:

Increase in import for 2014 -15 = 900 - 700 = 200 crores

Increase in import for 2015-16 = 1200 - 900 = 300 crores

Increase in import for 2016-17 = 1200 - 1200 = 0 crores

Increase in import for 2017-18 = 1300 - 1200 = 100 crores

Increase in import for 2018-19 = 2000 - 1300 = 700 crores

∴ Average of increase in import for all years = (200 + 300 + 0 + 100 + 700)/5 = 260 crores

Given:

Formula:

Average = (Sum of terms)/(Number of terms)

Calculation:

Average import over 6 years = (700 + 900 + 1200 + 1200 + 1300 + 2000)/6 = 1216.66 crores

∴ From graph, for 2 years there was more import than average import.

Given:

Formula:

Average = (sum of terms)/(number of terms)

Calculation:

Average import over 6 years = (700 + 900 + 1200 + 1200 + 1300 + 2000)/6 = 1216.66 crores

Number of years for which import was less than average import = 4

Number of years for which import was more than average import = 2

∴ Required difference = 4 - 2 = 2

Given: