UPSSSC PET 24 Aug 2021 Shift 1 (Series A) (Official Paper) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is IV, III, I, II.

• The correct chronological order in which the following rulers ruled in India is:

1. **Iltutmish (**1211–1236).
2. Ala-ud-din Khilji (1296–1316).
3. **Sher Shah Suri (**1486 – 22 May 1545),
4. Akbar (1556-1605).

Key Points

• Iltutmish was the third of the Mamluk kings.
• He ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India.
• He ruled from 1211 to 1236.
• He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
• He shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi.
• Alauddin Khilji was the Khalji dynasty's Turco-Afghan monarch.
• In the Indian subcontinent, he ruled the Delhi Sultanate.
• He ruled from 1296 to 1316.
• Alauddin implemented a variety of key administrative measures, including revenue controls, pricing controls, and societal improvements.
• Siri Fort in New Delhi was built during the rule of Alauddin Khalji.
• The Suri Empire in India was founded by Sher Shah Suri.
• The Suri Empire's capital was in Sasaram, which is now in Bihar.
• He ruled from 1486 to 1545.
• He was the one who introduced the rupee as a currency.
• In 1540, Sher Shah assumed leadership of the Mughal Empire.
• His son Islam Shah succeeded him after his untimely death in 1545.
• He began his military career as a soldier before ascending to become a commander in Babur's Mughal army and later the governor of Bihar.
• Akbar was the third Mughal emperor.
• He reigned from 1556 to 1605.
• Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, as emperor of India, with the support of a regent, Bairam Khan, who assisted the young emperor in expanding and consolidating Mughal holdings throughout India.
• Din e Ilahi is an elite eclectic religious movement formulated by the Mughal emperor Akbar.

The correct answer is Tukaram.

Key Points

• Tukaram was a 17th-century Hindu poet and saint of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra.
• He is popularly known as Tuka, Tukobaraya, Tukoba in Maharashtra.
• He was a contemporary of Shivaji.
• He was a follower of the Varkari devotionalism tradition, which was egalitarian and personalised.
• He is most renowned for his Abhyanga (devotional poetry) and kirtans (community-oriented worship with spiritual singing).
• According to Eleanor Zelliot, the Bhakti movement poets such as Tukaram influenced Shivaji's ascent to power.
• He Died in 1649 at the age of 41.

Additional Information

• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was a 15th-century Indian saint.
• He was a chief proponent of the Vedantic philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda Tattva.
• Namdev was a Marathi Hindu poet and saint from Narsi, Maharashtra.
• He lived as a devotee of Pandharpur's Lord Vitthal (Krishna).
• Shankaracharya was the most renowned exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.

The correct answer is Lord Warren Hastings.

Key Points

• Warren Hastings is the First Governor-General of Bengal.
• He served as the Governor-General of Bengal from 1774 to 1785.
• His reign leads to the end of the dual system of administration.
• In 1750, he began his work as a writer (clerk) for the East India Company in Calcutta.
• After Mir Jafar was enthroned as the Nawab after the Battle of Plassey, he became the British resident at Murshidabad, Bengal's capital, in 1758.
• The First Anglo-Maratha war and the Second Anglo-Mysore war were fought under his reign.
• During his presidency, the Regulating Act of 1773 was passed.
• In 1785, he backed Sir William Jones informing the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
• He abolished the judicial powers of the Zamindars.

Additional Information

• Lord Lytton was an English politician who served as Viceroy of India from 1876 to1880.
• He was the viceroy during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
• He enacted the Vernacular Press Act in 1878.
• Robert Clive served as the Governor of Bengal from 1757-60 and from 1765-67.
• In 1765, he founded the 'Society of Trade,' but it was eventually disbanded.
• Lord Ripon was served as Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884.
• He repeals the Vernacular Press Act (1882)
• The first Factory Act (1881) was during his tenure.
• The Ilbert Bill controversy (1883-84) was during his tenure

The correct answer is Medicine.

Key Points

• The Charaka Samhita is a Sanskrit Ayurvedic treatise (Indian traditional medicine).
• It is one of the two basic manuscripts of this discipline that has survived from ancient India, along with the Sushruta Samhita.
• It's one of three pieces that make up the Brhat Trayi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Vagbhata Krit ).
• The Charaka Samhita also has sections on the importance of **food, hygiene, prevention, medical education, and the physician-nurse-**patient teamwork that is required for recovery to health.
• The book is based on Agnivesha Samhita, an encyclopedic medical compendium written by Agnivea in the ninth century BCE.
• Between 100 BCE and 200 CE, Charaka rewrote it and renamed it Charaka Samhit.

A.D. 1709 – Death of Aurangzeb is NOT correct.

Key Points

• Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor.
• He ruled over almost the entire Indian subcontinent for a period of 49 years.
• He was the 6th child of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.
• He died at his military camp in Bhingar near Ahmednagar on 3 March 1707.

Important Points

• The Kalinga war was a fight between Ashoka's Mauryan Empire and the Kalinga state.
• Kalinga includes the present-day states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh in the southeast.
• Kalinga was ruled by the Nanda Empire until 321 BCE.
• The Kalinga people fought the Mauryan army valiantly in 261 BC.
• Kalinga war was won by Ashoka in B.C. 261.
• The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by Kanishka
• The vernal equinox of the year AD 78 marks the beginning of the Shaka period.
• Except in Gregorian leap years, when it begins on March 21, the official Shaka Calendar year is related to the Gregorian date of March 22 every year.
• The year A. D 622  is the date of the first creation of a Muslim community in the holy city of Medina.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Key Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji is also known as “Grand Old Man” of India."
• Between 1892 and 1895, he served in the United Kingdom House of Commons as a member of the Liberal Party.
• Other than Anglo-Indian MP David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre, who was disenfranchised for corruption after nine months in office, Dadabhai Naoroji is the first Asian to be elected to the British Parliament.
• He is well known for his work in the Indian National Congress, where he was a founding member and served as president three times (1886, 1893, and 1906).
• His book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" popularised his notion of the "wealth drain" from India to the United Kingdom.
• Along with Kautsky and Plekhanov, he was a member of the Second International.

Additional Information

• W.C. Bannerjee was the co-founder and first president of the Indian National Congress.
• Pherozeshah Mehta was one of the founding members and President of the Indian National Congress in 1890 held at Calcutta.
• Surendranath Bannerjee was the founder of the Indian National Association and was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak.

Key Points

• Two Home Rule Leagues were started in 1915-16 under the leadership of Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak.
• They shared the goal of obtaining Indian self-government.
• The Home Rule League was founded by Annie Besant. at Madras on September 1916.
• In British India, the Indian Home Rule movement was similar to the Irish Home Rule movement.
• She established over 200 branches across India.
• She was the first women President of the Indian National Congress.

Important Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak launched the Indian Home Rule League in Belgaum in April 1916.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was popularly known as Lokmanya Tilak.
• In his Marathi publication Kesari, he produced a series of anti-British pieces.
• The British arrested Bal Gangadhar Tilak on the allegation of sedition on July 3rd, 1908.
• Tilak was imprisoned in Mandalay, Burma, for a period of six years, from 1908 to 1914.
• Arctic Home of Aryans and Gita Rahasya are the notable works of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Let's look at the founders and their society:

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833) founded the Brahmo Sabha in August 1828 and later renamed it Brahmo Samaj.
• Ramakrishna Mission is a Hindu religious and spiritual organization that was founded on 1st May 1897 by Swami Vivekananda.
• The Arya Samaj was founded by Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. It was a religious revivalist movement.
• Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotirao Phule founded in 1873 in present-day Maharashtra. The objective of the Samaj - to liberate the Shudras and to prevent their ‘exploitation’ by the upper caste Maratha.

Thus, the correct match is a - 3, b - 1, c - 2, d - 5.

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• The famous slogan ‘Do or Die’ was first raised by Mahatma Gandhi.
• "Let every Indian feel himself to be a free man," Mahatma Gandhi urged a throng at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on August 8, 1942.
• The legendary "Do or Die" speech was the catalyst for the Quit India movement.
• On August 9, 1942, the Indian National Congress (INC), led by Mahatma Gandhi, formally unveiled the slogan.
• The day has been known as August Kranti Day/Diwas or Quit India Day since then.
• Before India became an independent nation in 1947, it was the last significant civil disobedience movement.
• Gandhi and other important Congressmen were arrested and imprisoned the next day.

Additional Information

• “I know only one culture that is agriculture" is the famous slogan raised by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• "Give me blood and I shall give you freedom" is the famous slogan raised by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• "Aaram haram hai"  is the famous slogan raised by Jawaharlal Nehru.

The correct answer is Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Key Points

• The Indian National Congress (INC) chose Subhas Chandra Bose as its President in 1938.
• In 1939, he ran for re-election to the party's presidency.
• Gandhi was a strong supporter of Pattabhi Sitaramayya for President. Bose was re-elected as president of the INC, however, thanks to the support of radical factions inside the party.
• Gandhi was dissatisfied with his re-election and claimed that Pattabhi Sitaramayya's failure was his own.
• Thirteen members of the Congress Working Committee resigned in protest over Gandhi's suffering.
• Several delegates who had previously supported Bose began to endorse Gandhi at this time.

Important Points

• Bose resigned from the presidency in 1939 because it was getting increasingly difficult for him to work as Congress President.
• When Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the Presidentship of the Indian National Congress, the seat was offered to Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
• He became a member of the Indian National Congress in 1911 when the annual session was held in Calcutta.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent president of the Constituent Assembly on 11th December 1946.

Additional Information

• Jawaharlal Nehru served as president of the Indian National Congress, in 1929. 1930, 1936 and 1937.
• J.B. Kripalani served as the president of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947.

The correct answer is Chenab.

Key Points

• Salal Hydroelectric Power Station is a Chenab River run-of-the-river hydroelectric facility.
• It is located in Jammu and Kashmir's Reasi district.
• It was India's first hydropower project in Jammu and Kashmir under the terms of the Indus Water Treaty.
• The Chenab River (one of the 'Western Rivers' - Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) is given to Pakistan for exploitation under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960.
• India finished the project in 1987 after reaching a bilateral deal with Pakistan in 1978, which included considerable concessions in the construction of the dam, such as lowering its height, deleting the working pool, and sealing the under-sluices for sediment control.

Additional Information

• The Mangla Dam is a multipurpose dam situated on the Jhelum River in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Ranjit Sagar Dam is situated on the Ravi River on the border of two states of India, Jammu, and Kashmir and Punjab.
• The Pong Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Beas River in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

The correct answer is 21st March.

Key Points

• The vernal equinox occurs twice a year, when the Sun is directly above the Equator and day and night are the same length.
• The period when the plane of the Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disc is known as the Equinox.
• The ecliptic (the Sun's annual course) and the celestial equator intersect at one of two spots in the sky.
• Vernal Equinox takes place on 21st March.

Additional Information

• The vernal equinox occurs in the Northern Hemisphere around March 20 or 21, when the Sun crosses the celestial equator heading north.
• When the Sun swings south across the celestial equator, the equinox occurs on September 22 or 23 in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The vernal equinox also ushers in spring, which will last until the summer solstice (June 20 or 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, December 21 or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The correct answer is Copper.

Key Points

• Khetri is a town in the Rajasthan.
• Khetri is situated at the foothills of the Aravalli.
• Khetri Town was built by Raja Khet Singhji Nirwan.
• Hindustan Copper Limited, a public sector undertaking under the Government of India, constructed and controls Khetri Nagar, which is well known for its Copper Project.
• Copper is another well-known moniker for Khetri Nagar.
• The ‘Khetri Project’ in Rajasthan is famous for the production of Copper.
• Khetri Copper Belt comprises tightly folded Proterozoic metasediments that rest over basement gneisses and is a part of the North Delhi fold belt.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• The Kaziranga National Park is situated in Assam.
• Two-thirds of the world's giant one-horned rhinoceroses live at Kaziranga National Park.
• It is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• In 1905, the Kaziranga Proposed Reserve Forest was established with a total area of 232 km² (90 sq mi).
• It has been declared a forest reserve in the year of 1908 and a wildlife sanctuary in the year of 1950.
• In 2006, the Kaziranga National Park was designated as a Tiger Reserve.
• It was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in the year 1985.

Additional Information

• National Parks in Assam are:
• Kaziranga National Park.
• Manas National Park.
• Nameri National Park.
• Rajiv Gandhi – Orang National Park.
• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park.
• Raimona National Park.
• Dihing Patkai national park.

The correct answer is II and III.

• Among the options, Ganga and Brahmaputra are rivers of the Himalayan river system.

Key Points

• The Ganga flows from the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh in Uttarakhand's Uttarkashi district.
• When it emerges from the Gangotri glacier, however, the river is known as the Bhagirathi.
• The Bhagirathi unites with another river, the Alaknanda, at Devprayag, and is known as the Ganga from there.
• The Alaknanda flows from the Satopanth glacier, which is located above Badrinath.
• In India, the Ganga is 2,525 kilometres long.

Additional Information

• The Brahmaputra originates at Mansarovar in the Kailash range's Chemayungdung glacier.
• The Brahmaputra is called in Tibet the Tsangpo (meaning "purifier").
• The Brahmaputra River enters India in Sadiya, Arunachal Pradesh, to the west.
• Lohit, Dibang or Sikang, Burhi Dihing, and Dhansari are the Brahmaputra's major left bank tributaries.
• The Subansiri, Kameng, Manas, and Sankosh are major right bank tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
• In Bangladesh, the Tista joins the Brahmaputra on its right bank, and the river is known as the Jamuna from there.

The correct answer is the Official rate of interest charged by the Central bank of the country.

Key Points

• A bank rate is the rate of interest charged by a country's central bank to its domestic banks when they borrow money.
• In India, the Reserve Bank of India determines the bank rate
• The interest rates charged by central banks are designed to keep the economy stable.
• The bank rate is called by a variety of names depending on the country, and it has changed through time in various countries as the rate-setting procedures have evolved.

Additional Information

• The bank rate, also known as the discount rate, is set by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the United States.
• When a bank runs out of funds, it can typically borrow from the central bank, depending on the monetary policy of the country.
• The interest rate charged by a country's central or federal bank on loans and advances regulates the economy's and banking sector's money supply.
• The Reserve Bank of India also offers clients short-term loans (with collateral) at a rate known as the repo rate.

The correct answer is It will increase.

Key Points

• Cash Reserve Ratio (C. R. R.) refers to the number of money banks have to keep with the central bank.
• If RBI reduces the cash reserve ratio, credit creation will increase.
• Banks have more money at their disposal when the CRR requirement is reduced, which can subsequently be utilized to create credit in the economy.
• When determining the base rate, one of the reference rates is the Cash Reserve Ratio.
• The base rate is the lowest lending rate at which a bank is not permitted to lend money.
• The Reserve Bank of India determines the base rate.

Important Points

• When the RBI decides to increase the Cash Reserve Ratio, the amount of money that is available with the banks reduces.
• This is the RBI’s way of controlling the excess flow of money in the economy.

The correct answer is Capitalist.

Key Points

• A capitalist economy refers to a system of economics in which private persons own and control all means of production for the sake of profit.
• A capitalist economy is a liberal economy.
• Capital assets, such as factories, mines, and railroads, can be privately owned and controlled in a capitalist economy, labour can be bought for money salaries, capital profits accrue to private owners, and prices allocate capital and labour between competing uses.
• In a Capitalist economy, the government's involvement is confined to management and control measures.
• The presence of open markets and the government's lack of involvement in corporate regulation are also characteristics of the capitalist economy.
• The origins of capitalism may be traced back to 18th century England, which was in the midst of the industrial revolution.
• Inequality in income is a result of capitalism.

Additional Information

• In a Socialist economy, the factors of production are all state-owned and all the factories, machinery, plants, capital, etc. are owned by a community in control of the State.
• A mixed economy is one that incorporates elements of both capitalism and socialism.
• The world economy, also known as the global economy, refers to the global economic system, which encompasses all economic activities carried out both within and between nations, such as production, consumption, economic management, work in general, the exchange of financial values, and the trade of goods and services.

The correct answer is RBI Governor.

Key Points

• The Indian rupee's 100-rupee banknote (₹100) is a unit of currency in India.
• The One Hundred rupee note bears the signature of the RBI Governor.
• Since 1935, when the Reserve Bank of India took over the role of India's currency controller, it has been in continuous production.
• The Mahatma Gandhi Series includes the current ₹100 rupee banknote in circulation (which replaced the Lion Capital Series of banknotes in 1998).

Important Points

• These banknotes are in use alongside the Mahatma Gandhi New Series banknotes, which were released in July 2018.
• The new banknote features a lavender base colour with a Rani ki vav (Queen's stepwell) pattern on the reverse.'
• The banknote's dimensions are 142 mm x 66 mm.
• The amount of the ₹100 banknotes is inscribed in 17 languages, just like the other Indian rupee banknotes.

Additional Information

• Except for one rupee note, the Reserve Bank of India has sole authority to print currency notes of various values under Section 22 of the Reserve Bank of India Act.
• The Ministry of Finance issues the One Rupee note, which has the signatures of the Finance Secretary.

The correct answer is Foreign Exchange Management Act.

Key Points

• FEMA stands for Foreign Exchange Management Act.
• Foreign Exchange Management Act is an act to consolidate and amend the law relating to foreign exchange with the objective of facilitating external trade and payments and promoting the orderly development and maintenance of the foreign exchange market in India.
• This act extends to the whole of India.
• The act was passed in parliament on 29th December 1999.
• The act replaced the existing Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA).
• Offenses involving foreign exchange are now classified as civil offences under Foreign Exchange Management Act.
• It also prepared the way for the passage of the Money Laundering Prevention Act of 2002, which took effect on July 1, 2005.

The correct answer is State List.

Key Points

• Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries are listed in the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
• The State List: It includes subjects under which the state may make laws.
• Public order, police, public health, and sanitation; hospitals, and dispensaries are a few subjects that come under the state list.

Additional Information

• The Concurrent List contains subjects of common interest to both the Union as well as the States.
• These include education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption, and succession.
• Both, the Central and the state governments can make laws in the Concurrent List.
• Union List includes subjects of national importance such as the defense of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications, and currency.
• They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country.

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

• Panchayati Raj system in India is laid down under Directive Principles of State Policy which are enumerated in Part IV, Article 40 of the Constitution of India. 
• Article 40 directs the state to organize village panchayats and endow them with the necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government.

Additional Information

• In India, the Panchayati Raj now functions as a system of governance in which gram panchayats are the basic units of local administration.
• The system has three levels: Gram Panchayat (village level), Mandal Parishad or Block Samiti or Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zila Parishad (district level).
• It was formalized in 1992 by the 73rd amendment to the Indian Constitution.
• Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all states except Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, and in all Union Territories except Delhi.

The correct answer is Article 21A.

Key Points

• The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21-A in the Constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a manner as the State may, by law, determine.

Additional Information

• Article 19 of the Constitution provides freedom of speech which is the right to express one's opinion freely without any fear through oral/written/electronic/broadcasting/press.
• The Cultural and Educational Rights are provided under Article 29 and Article 30.
• These articles upheld the individual's right to protect their distinct language, script, and culture. It also provides protection against state-sponsored discrimination on the ground of religion, race, caste, and language.

Important Points

• The Fundamental Rights: The Constitution of India provides for six Fundamental Rights.
• Right to equality (Articles 14–18)
• Right to freedom (Articles 19–22)
• Right against exploitation (Articles 23–24)
• Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25–28)
• Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29–30)
• Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)

The correct answer is Jawaharlal Nehru.

Key Points

• During the making of the Indian Constitution, the objective resolution was presented by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• “The Objectives Resolution, 1946” was introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru in the very first session of the Constitution Assembly.
• Basically, these resolutions were the aspirations of the people who were making the Constitution.
• It can be considered as the preamble of the vast dream, which the constitution-makers sought to achieve after the independence in the form of a new India.
• And these resolutions were framed as the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information

• The drafting committee was set up on 29 August 1947 under the chairmanship of Dr. B R Ambedkar.
• While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved, discussed, and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 tabled.
• The constitution had got ready on 26th November 1949 and some provisions relating to Citizenship, Elections, provisional parliament, and temporary & transitional provisions were given immediate effect.
• The Drafting Committee had seven members:
• Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
• N. Gopalaswami
• B.R. Ambedkar
• K.M Munshi
• Mohammad Saadulla
• B.L. Mitter
• D.P. Khaitan

The correct answer is Article 29.

Key Points

• Article 29 protects the interests of the minorities by making a provision that any citizen/section of citizens having a distinct language, script, or culture have the right to conserve the same.
• Article 29 mandates that no discrimination would be done on the ground of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them.

Additional Information

• Article 21 says No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law, nor shall any person be denied equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
• Article 24 says that “No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.”
• The fundamental right against exploitation guaranteed to all citizens prohibits child labor in mines, factories, and hazardous conditions.

The correct answer is Free Electrons.

Key Points

• Current carriers in solid conductors are Free Electrons.
• In solid conductors (e.g. metals), there are a large number of free electrons.
• When an electric field (i.e. PD) is applied to the conductor, the free electrons start drifting in a particular direction to constitute that current.

Additional Information

• Some liquids are conductors of electricity.
• A Conducting liquid is called an electrolyte (e.g. solution of CuSO₄).
• In conducting liquids, ions (positive and negative) are the current carriers.
• Under ordinary conditions, gases are insulators.
• However, when a gas under low pressure is subjected to a high electric field (i.e. high p.d.), Ionisation of in gases molecules takes place, i.e. electrons and positive ions are formed.
• Hence, current carriers in gases are free electrons and positive ions.

The correct answer is the distance traveled by light in a vacuum during one year.

 Key Points

• A light-year, alternatively spelled lightyear, is a large unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (9.46×1012 km), or 5.88 trillion miles (5.88×1012 mi)
• As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is a distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days).
• Because it includes the time-measurement word "year", the term light-year is sometimes misinterpreted as a unit of time.

Additional Information

• SI base units:

The correct answer is Calcium oxychloride (CaOCl2).

Key Points

• The chemical name of the bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite.
• Bleaching powder is a pale yellowish powder existing with a strong smell of chlorine.
• It is soluble in water but due to the presence of impurities, we never observe a clear solution.
• Its chemical formula is CaOCl₂.
• with its chemical name Calcium hypochlorite.

Additional Information

• Calcium sulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula CaSO₄ and related hydrates.
• In the form of γ-anhydrite, it is used as a desiccant.
• Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃.
• It is a salt composed of a sodium cation and a bicarbonate anion.
• Sodium chloride, commonly known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
• With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g/mol respectively, 100 g of NaCl contains 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl.

The correct answer is 75%.

Key Points

• The weight of gold is measured in troy ounces (1 troy ounce = 31.1034768 grams), however, its purity is measured in ‘carats’.
• ‘Caratage’ is the measurement of purity of gold alloyed with other metals.
• 24 carat is pure gold with no other metals.
• Lower caratages contain less gold; 18-carat gold contains 75 percent gold and 25 percent other metals, often copper or silver.
• The minimum caratage for an item to be called gold varies by country.
• In the US, 10 carats is the legal minimum accepted standard of gold caratage, with 14 carats being the most popular.
• In France, the UK, Austria, Portugal, and Ireland, 9 carat is the lowest caratage permitted to be called gold. In Denmark and Greece, 8 carat is the legal minimum standard.

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Vitamin C:
• Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters.
• Found in citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges and grapefruits.

Additional Information

• Vitamin B12:
• Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body.
• It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
• Found in fish, poultry, meat, and dairy products.
• Vitamin K :
• Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements.
• The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation or for controlling the binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.
• Found in dark green leafy vegetables and in turnip or beet green.

Calculation:

$\sqrt{\frac{?}{196}}=\frac{72}{56}$

⇒ $\sqrt{?}/14=\frac{72}{56}$ 

⇒ $\sqrt{?}/14=\frac{9}{7}$

⇒ $\sqrt{?}=\frac{126}{7}$

⇒ $\sqrt{?}=18$

⇒ ? = 324

∴ Required value of ? is 324

Calculation:

$\frac{885\times885\times885+115\times115\times115}{885\times885+115\times115-885\times115}=$

(a³ + b³) / (a² + b² – ab)

⇒ (a + b)(a² + b² – ab) / (a² + b² – ab)

⇒ (a + b) = (885 + 115)

⇒ 1000

∴ Required value is 1000

Calculation:

$\frac{√{5}-√{3}}{√{5}+√{3}}$

⇒ $\frac{√{5}-√{3}}{√{5}+√{3}}$ × $\frac{√{5}-√{3}}{√{5}-√{3}}$

⇒ (√5 – √3)²/[√5² – √3²]

⇒ [5 + 3 – 2 × √5 × √3]/[5 – 3]

⇒ [8 – 2√15]/2

⇒ 4 – √15

∴ Required value is 4 – √15

Given:

The price of Tv on decreasing = 30%

Sale price of Tv increasing = 20%

Formula used:

Loss = cp – sp

Loss% = Loss/cp × 100

Calculation:

Let the price of Tv be x 

Let The price of Tv sold be y

And Total original sell price be xy

Now the price after 30% reduction = (x – 30x/100)

⇒ 7x/10

Tv sold after increased by 20% = (y + 20y/100)

⇒ 6y/5

Total new sell price = (7x/10 × 6y/5)

⇒ 21xy/25

Loss = (Total original sell price – Total new sell price)

⇒ (xy – 21xy/25)

⇒ (25xy – 21xy)/25

⇒ 4xy/25

Loss% = [(4xy/25)/xy × 100]

⇒ (4xy/25 × 1/xy × 100)

⇒ 16%

∴ The effect on the revenue received by the shopkeeper is 16% decrease

Alternate MethodLet price = Rs. 100

And sale = Rs. 100

Then, sale value = Rs. (100 × 100)

⇒ Rs. 10000

Now, New sale value = Rs. (70 × 120)

⇒ Rs. 8400

Decrease% = (1600/10000) × 100

⇒ 16%

Shortcut Trick

Increase in average = 20% of 18.5 = 3.7 years

New average (including coach) = 18.5 + 3.7 = 22.2 years

Age of coach = New Average + (Initial players × Average increase)

Age of coach = 22.2 + (4 × 3.7) = 22.2 + 14.8 = 37 years

∴ The correct answer is 37 years.

Alternate Method

Given: Average age of 4 players = 18.5 years. Average increase = 20%.

Formula: Sum of ages = Average age × Number of persons

⇒ Total age of 4 players = 4 × 18.5 = 74 years

⇒ New average = 18.5 + (20/100 × 18.5) = 18.5 + 3.7 = 22.2 years

⇒ Total age (including coach) = 5 × 22.2 = 111 years

⇒ Age of the coach = 111 − 74 = 37 years

∴ The correct answer is 37 years.

Additional Information

General Average Formula

The average of n numbers is calculated as the sum of all values ÷ n.

Adding/Removing an Element

If adding one person increases the average from A₁ to A₂, the new person age = A₂ + n × (A₂ − A₁), where n is the initial number of people.

Percentage Change in Average

When the average changes by x%, the new average = Old Average × (1 + x/100).

सही उत्तर 'बहुल' है। 

Key Points

• एकल का विलोम बहुल है।
• एकल का अर्थ- अकेला
• बहुल का अर्थ- बहुत, अधिक

अन्य विकल्प-

• पर्याप्त  का विलोम -अपर्याप्त
• उपयुक्त का विलोम -अनुपयुक्त
• अकेला का विलोम -दुकेला

अतः स्पष्ट है कि एकल का विलोम बहुल होगा।

सही उत्तर 'अहंकार' है।

Key Points

• दर्प का पर्यायवाची- अहंकार
• दर्प के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द- अभिमान, मद, दंभ, गर्व घमंड, मान

अन्य विकल्प-

• तिरस्कार का पर्यायवाची शब्द - निरादर, अवहेलना l
• व्यथा  का पर्यायवाची शब्द- यातना, दुःख, अफ़सोस, वेदना, कष्ट, शोक, संताप आदि।
• स्वाभिमान  का पर्यायवाची शब्द - घमंड, निष्ठा।

सही उत्तर मनोहर है।

Key Points'मन को हरने वाला' के लिए एक शब्द 'मनोहर' है।  

अन्य विकल्प-

• मर्मान्तक - मन को आकर्षित करने वाला l
• मदमस्त- अपनी धुन में रहने वाला l

सही उत्तर थोड़े में बहुत कहना है।

Key Points

'गागर में सागर भरना' मुहावरे का अर्थ  थोड़े में बहुत कहना है।

<br>

Additional Information 

सही उत्तर महत्त्वाकांक्षा है।

Key Points

• शुद्ध वर्तनी- महत्त्वाकांक्षा
• महत्त्वाकांक्षा का अर्थ- कामना, अरमान

The correct answer is "a person having varied interests"

Key Points

• In the given passage, the line given in the passage is "Nehru was a many-sided personality." In this line, "many-sided personality" means "Having many aspects, talents, or interests." Hence, this means that Nehru had many talents and interests areas.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3 i.e. "a person having varied interests"

The correct answer is "doing all these and much more."

Key Points

• In the given passage, refer to the line "He enjoyed reading and writing books as much as he enjoyed fighting political and social evils or residing tyranny*.*"
• This line suggests that Nehru was very interested in reading and writing books, fighting politics and social evil, and resisting dictatorship.
• So option 4 is the most appropriate answer.

The correct answer is: He enjoyed reading and writing books, fighting politics and social evil, and resisting tyranny.

The correct answer is "Science and Humanism are equally important."

Key Points

• In the given passage, refer to the line "In him, the scientist and the humanist were held in perfect balance."
• This line suggests that Nehru wanted to have a balance between humanism and science.
• So option 3 is the most appropriate answer.

The correct answer is: According to Nehru science and Humanism are equally important.

The correct answer is "popular"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Famous- known about by many people. कई लोगों द्वारा जाना जाता है।
• Awful- very bad or unpleasant. बहुत बुरा या अप्रिय।
• Poor- lacking sufficient money to live at a standard considered comfortable or normal in a society.
• Popular- liked or admired by many people or by a particular person or group.
• Steady- firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving.
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 3 i.e. popular.

The correct answer is "Transparent"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
• Obvious- easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent. आसानी से समझा या समझा जाता है; स्पष्ट, स्वयं-स्पष्ट, या स्पष्ट।
• Limpid-  (of a person's eyes) unclouded; clear.
• Opaque- not able to be seen through; not transparent. के माध्यम से देखा जा करने में सक्षम नहीं है; पारदर्शी नहीं है।
• Clear- easy to perceive, understand or interpret. समझने, समझने या व्याख्या करने में आसान।
• Transparent- easy to perceive or detect. समझने या पता लगाने में आसान।
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 3 i.e. Opaque.

The logic is:

Ornithologist : Birds → Ornithologist is a person who studies or is an expert on birds.

Similarly,

Anthropologist : ? → Anthropology is the study of people, past and present, with a focus on understanding the human condition both culturally and biologically. An Anthropologist is a person who studies or is an expert in Mankind.

Hence, ‘Mankind’ is the correct answer.

All options except 'Oil' are byproduct of Milk.

Curd, Butter and Cheese are made from milk.

Hence, 'Oil' is the odd one out.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘PQJDOVBSJNO’ is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Clearly, Rita is aunt of Nikhil.

Hence, ‘Aunt’ is the correct answer.

If the 25th of August in a year is Thursday

Thursday + 4 = Monday

So, 25 + 4 = 29

It was Monday on 29th

Other Dates on which it was Monday:

29 - 7 = 22

22 - 7 = 15

15 - 7 = 8

8 - 7 = 1

The number of Mondays in that month is 5.

Hence, ‘5’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Patna.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of Light House Projects (LHPs) at six sites across six states in the country on January 1, 2021, through video conferencing. 
• The Light House Projects will be undertaken at Rajkot in Gujarat, Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh, Indore in Madhya Pradesh, Ranchi in Jharkhand, and Chennai in Tamil Nadu, and Agartala in Tripura.
• The Light House Projects will showcase the best use of new-age alternate global technologies, processes, and materials in the construction sector at such a large scale for the first time in the country.
• The houses will be constructed under GHTC-India, which aims to provide an ecosystem for the holistic adoption of innovative technologies in the housing construction sector.
• The project will comprise around 1000 houses at each location along with allied infrastructure facilities.
• It will mainly aim to deliver ready-to-live houses at a fastened pace within twelve months.

The correct answer is Reliance-Jio.

Key Points

• According to the Brand Finance Global 500 Ranking 2021, Reliance-Jio is the world's 5th strongest brand.
• According to Brand Finance's annual study on the most valuable and strongest global brands, WeChat is at the top of the Global 500 list of the strongest brands internationally, which determines the relative strength of brands.
• With a BSI score of 91.7 out of 100 and an AAA+ brand strength rating, Jio is a telecom giant.
• Despite the fact that Jio was just created in 2016, it has quickly grown to become India's largest mobile network operator and the world's third-largest mobile network provider.
• Reliance-Jio has about 400 million subscribers
• Reliance-Jio is known for its extraordinarily low prices, grabbed India by storm by providing free 4G to millions of people, altering how Indians use the internet in the process - a phenomenon known as the 'Jio effect.'

Additional Information

• Apple is the most valuable brand in 2021, according to the survey, followed by Amazon and Google.
• TATA has kept its position as India's most valuable brand.
• TATA is currently ranked 77th in the world, with a brand value of $21.3 billion.
• Bharti Airtel is the second-largest mobile network operator in India and the second-largest mobile network operator in the world.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Project BOLD was launched on 4th July 2021.
• It was launched from a tribal village Nichla Mandwa in the Udaipur district in Rajasthan.
• Project BOLD stands for Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought.
• The project began with the planting of 5000 bamboo saplings from various species over a 25-hectare plot of barren soil.
• It was implemented in collaboration with the Border Security Force (BSF).
• It aims at serving the combined national goals of reducing desertification and providing livelihood and multi-disciplinary rural industry support to the local population.
• BSF will be responsible for maintaining the plants.

Important Points

• The effort is part of KVIC's "Khadi Bamboo Festival" to commemorate the country's 75th anniversary of independence, "Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav."
• Bamboo is used to make agarbatti sticks, furniture, handicrafts, musical instruments, and paper pulp, and bamboo trash is utilised to make charcoal and fuel briquettes.
• Bamboos are also noted for their ability to conserve water, making them helpful in desert and drought-prone areas.

The correct answer is Ghana.

Key Points

• Ghana is the first country to get free COVID19 vaccines through the COVAX scheme of the United Nations.
• The vaccine is delivered by UNICEF.
• It is co-developed with Oxford University and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India Lt.
• According to Ghana's Minister of Information, Kojo Oppong Nkrumah, Ghana is one of 92 countries that have signed up for the COVAX programme.
• Since the start of the pandemic, Ghana has registered 81,245 cases and 584 deaths.
• COVAX aims to ship close to 2 billion doses of vaccines by the end of 2021, in an unprecedented global effort to guarantee access to vaccines for all.

Explanation: 

Sirisha Bandla:

• Aeronautical engineer Sirisha Bandla on 11 July 2021 became the third Indian-American woman to fly into space.
• She was the second Indian born of American origin to go to space, the first being Sunita Williams.
• Kalpana Chawala was born in India and was not an American by birth.
• She joined British billionaire Richard Branson on Virgin Galactic's first fully-crewed successful suborbital test flight from the US state of New Mexico.
• She became the third Indian-origin woman to fly into space after Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams.​

​Thus, Sirisha Bandla is the second Indian born American woman astronaut to fly to space.

Confusion Point

• Sirisha Bandla was the second Indian born of American origin to go to space, the first being Sunita Williams.
• Kalpana Chawla was born in India and was not an American by birth.

Additional Information

Kalpana Chawla:

• Kalpana Chawla was the first female space traveller of Indian origin.
• She was born in Karnal, Haryana, India.
• She completed her bachelor's in engineering from the University of Punjab in India.
• She got her masters in Aerospace engineering from the University of Texas, Arlington.
• She joined the corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1996.
• Chawla died on 1 February 2003, in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster along with the other six crew members.

The correct answer is Sumit Malik.

Key Points

• Wrestler Sumit Malik was handed a two-year ban for doping.
• He was banned by the United World Wrestling (UWW) after his B sample also returned positive for a prohibited stimulant.
• He had tested positive for methyl hexane amine, a prohibited chemical (MHA).
• MHA is exclusively restricted in competition as a specific stimulant, according to the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) list of prohibited substances.
• He was tested during the World Olympic qualifier in Sofia, Bulgaria in 2021.
• He was a gold medallist at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
• He won the silver medal in Asian Wrestling Championships and the Commonwealth Wrestling Championship in 2017.

Additional Information

• Yogeshwar Dutt is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
• Pawan Kumar is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won the bronze medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the 86 kg weight class.
• Ravinder Singh Sangwan is a Greco-Roman wrestler who won 15 national championships and gold medals in the 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011 Commonwealth Wrestling Championships.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Himachal Pradesh is the first state in India to launch the e-Cabinet system.
• It will run on e-Cabinet software to conduct meetings of the council of ministers.
• By installing the e-cabinet application, Himachal Pradesh becomes the first state in the country to make cabinet processing paperless from beginning to end.
• The entire process from initiation of a cabinet memo, approval of the cabinet memo through concerned Secretary, Chief Secretary, concerned Minister, and finally by Chief Minister to place in the cabinet has been made online.
• About 32 cabinet memos were discussed and processed through this application.
• The application's security has always been a top priority.

Additional Information

• All the details as of May 2022:

The correct answer is the Ministry of Education.

Key Points

• Ministry of Education recently launched UDISE+ for 2019-2020.
• Union Education Minister released the Report on United Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2019-20 for School Education in India.
• Unified District Information System for Education Plus report (UDISE+) for 2019-2020 was released by Union minister of education, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank (As of May 2022).
• United Information System for Education Plus is one of the largest Management Information Systems for school education.
• It was introduced in 2018-2019 with the goal of speeding up data entry, reducing errors, improving data quality, and simplifying data verification.
• The total number of students enrolled in school from pre-primary to higher secondary has surpassed 26.45 crores in 2019-20.
• This is a 42.3 lakh increase over the previous year.
• The number of boys enrolled was 13.01 million, while the number of girls enrolled was 12.08 million.

The correct answer is Virat Kohli.

Key Points

• Smartphone maker ‘Vivo’ appointed cricketer Virat Kohli as its brand ambassador.
• Vivo is a Chinese smartphone brand.
• Virat Kohli will be seen spreading the word about Vivo's forthcoming product series and promoting its launch.
• Virat Kohli was the former captain of Royal Challengers Bangalore in IPL.
• Aamir Khan and Sara Ali Khan are the brand ambassadors of Vivo.
• Vivo was the title sponsor of the 2021 IPL edition.

Important Points

• Virat Kohli is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the India national cricket team.
• He is the most successful test captain in Indian cricket history.
• He holds the world record for scoring the fastest 23,000 international runs.
• He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2013.
• He was honoured with the Padma Shri under the sports category in 2017.
• He was awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2018.

Additional Information

• Mahendra Singh Dhoni is the first brand ambassador of HomeLane.
• Shikhar Dhawan is the brand ambassador of GS Caltex India.
• Ishant Sharma is the brand ambassador of the T10 Gully Cricket initiative.

The correct answer is Supreme Court.

Key Points

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) based portal ‘SUPACE’ was launched by the Supreme Court of India.
• 'SUPACE' stands for Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Courts Efficiency.
• The objective is to use machine learning to handle massive amounts of case data.
• According to the National Judicial Data Grid, there are around 3.81 million cases waiting in India's district and taluka courts, with more than one lakh cases pending for more than 30 years.
• SUPACE will be a hybrid of human and artificial intelligence, and it will not be employed in decision-making.
• Artificial Intelligence's involvement will be restricted to data collecting and analysis.
• The Supreme Court created SCI-Interact software in 2020 to make all 17 of its benches paperless.
• Judges can use this programme to retrieve files, add annexures to petitions, and take notes on computers.
• It will be utilized on a trial basis by judges in the Bombay and Delhi High Courts who deal with criminal cases at first.

Additional Information

• The Supreme Court of India was established on 26 January 1950.
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• It came into existence on 26th January 1950.
• The Supreme Court (SC) comprises the Chief Justice and 33 other Judges appointed by the President of India.
• The first woman judge of SC of India and also in Asia was Fathima Beevi who was appointed to Supreme Court in 1959.
• The first Chief Justice of India was Sir Harilal Jekisundas Kania.
• The current Chief Justice of India is N. V. Ramana (As of May 2022).

The correct answer is Five.

Key Points

• India is the world's seventh-largest country by area.
• China, Nepal, Burma (Myanmar), Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afganisthan, and Bhutan all share India's borders.
• Five Indian States share their boundary with Nepal.
• Nepal shares a border of about 1850 km with five Indian States.
• Indian states that share borders with Nepal are:

1. Uttarakhand.
2. Uttar Pradesh.
3. Sikkim.
4. West Bengal.
5. Bihar.

Important Points

• In contrast to its borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh, India and Nepal share an open, unfenced border.
• After the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 between Nepal and the British Raj, the current border was established.
• Passports and visas are not required for Indian and Nepalese citizens to access each other's countries, and tens of thousands of people cross the border every day for tourism and commerce.
• Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) and local police are in charge of the Indian side of the border.

The correct answer is San Jose.

Key Points

• Costa Rica is a country in Central America.
• It is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and a maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.
• San Jose is the capital of Costa Rica.
• Costa Rican colon is the Currency of Costa Rica.
• It is renowned for its long-established and stable democracy, as well as its highly educated workforce.

Additional Information

• Beijing is the capital of China.
• Delhi is the capital of India.
• Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.

The correct answer is Malayalam.

Key Points

• Lakshadweep is an Indian union territory.
• It is a 36-island archipelago in the Arabian Sea.
• During the British Raj, Malayalam with Malayalam script was made the official language of Lakshadweep.
• Previously, the language used in Lakshadweep was a kind of Arabic script known as Ponnani script or Arabi Malayalam script.
• In Malayalam, the term Lakshadweep means "one lakh islands."
• Lakshadweep is the smallest union territory in India.
• Ten of the islands in Lakshadweep are inhabited.
• The islanders are ethnically related to the Malayali people of Kerala state.
• Malayalam is spoken by the majority of the inhabitants, with Dhivehi being the most widely spoken language on Minicoy Island.

Additional Information

• Tamil is the official language of the Tamil Nadu state.
• The Great Andamanese languages were previously spoken by the Great Andamanese peoples of the Andaman Islands, but they are now practically extinct.
• Sinhala is the official language of Sri Lanka.

The correct answer is 550.

Key Points

• In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were discontinued by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019, when enacted as the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
• Lok Sabha has 543 parliamentary constituencies and at present, the strength of the House is 545.
• The maximum strength of the House is 550 members - 530 members represent the States, and 20 members represent the Union Territories.
• Lok Sabha is constituted under article 81 of the constitution.
• The fifth Lok Sabha from 1971 to 1977 is the longest Lok Sabha in India.
• The twelfth Lok Sabha from 1998 to 1999 is the shortest Lok Sabha in India.

Important Points

• G. V Mavlankar is considered the Father of Lok Sabha.
• The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17th April 1952.
• The first session commenced on 13th May 1952.
• It was dissolved on 4th April 1957.
• The Indian National Congress (INC) won the majority in the first general election with 364 seats.
• The full term of a Lok Sabha is 5 years.

Additional Information 

• The Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were discontinued by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, of 2019.
• The current strength of Lok Sabha is 550 only.

The correct answer is September 14.

Key Points

• On September 14, Hindi Diwas is observed to raise awareness about the importance of the Hindi language in India.
• On September 14, 1949, Constituent Assembly declared Hindi as the country's official language.
• One of the two official languages of the Union Government is Hindi, which is written in Devanagri script. The other official language is English.
• Hindi is one of the Republic of India's 22 official languages.
• The first Prime Minister of the country, Jawaharlal Nehru, decided to celebrate Hindi Diwas on September 14.
• Apart from Hindi Diwas, January 10th is World Hindi Day 2020.
• The day commemorates the first World Hindi Conference, which took place in Nagpur on January 10, 1975, and was attended by 122 participants from 30 countries.

Myanmar is NOT correct.

Key Points

• Among the options, only Myanmar is not a member of SAARC.
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization in South Asia.
• SAARC was founded in Dhaka in 1985 with seven members.
• The SAARC secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal.
• It was developed as a result of the region's decision to develop a regional cooperative framework as a whole.
• Afghanistan became the organization's eighth member in 2007.
• In 2007, India was the Chair of SAARC, and it was the most productive year in the organization's history.
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) now has eight member countries.

Additional Information

• SAARC is made up of eight countries:

1. Bangladesh.
2. Bhutan.
3. India.
4. Nepal.
5. Maldives.
6. Pakistan.
7. Sri Lanka.
8. Afghanistan.

• SAARC also has nine observer members, namely China, EU, Iran, Republic of Korea, Australia, Japan, Mauritius, Myanmar, and the USA.

The correct answer is Aurangabad.

Key Points

• Ajanta and Ellora caves are one of the finest examples of ancient rock-cut caves in India.
• Ajanta and Ellora caves are located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
• The caves of Ajanta are 29 in number and were constructed between the 2nd and 6th centuries AD.
• Ellora Caves, which are 34 in number and date from the 6th to 11th centuries AD, are more dispersed.
• Ajanta and Ellora caves are designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1983.

Important Points

• Ajanta caves are regarded as masterpieces of Buddhist religious art.
• The Jataka stories are primarily shown in the Ajanta caves' paintings.
• Ellora cave is one of the largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes in the world.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Onam is the most popular festival in Kerala.
• It is a harvest festival that commemorates the annual visit of mythical king Mahabali.
• Onam is the official festival of the state.
• The Panchangam, which happens on the 22nd Nakshatra Thiruvonam in the month Chingam of the Malayalam calendar, is used to determine the date.
• Maturaikkci, a Tamil poetry from the Sangam era, contains the oldest recorded reference to Onam.
• During the Onam festival, households are adorned with exquisite floral carpets (Pookkalam), and traditional art forms and games are seen everywhere.

Additional Information

• Major festivals in Kerala are:
• Adoor Gajamela.
• Attuvela Mahotsavam.
• Chettikulangara Bharani.
• Machattu Mamangam.
• Thirunakkara Arattu.
• Attukal Pongala.
• Eid ul Fitr.
• Kalpathi Ratholsavam.

The correct answer is Mercury.

Key Points

• Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system.
• Mercury is closest to the Sun.
• Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's Moon.
• The Sun would appear more than three times as huge from the surface of Mercury as it does from Earth, and illumination would be up to seven times brighter.
• It is named after the Roman god Mercurius (Mercury), the god of commerce.
• Mercury rotates in a unique way in Solar System.
• Mercury has no satellite of its own.
• It takes 1408 hours to complete a rotation.

Additional Information

• The Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has been discovered to have life.
• The Earth's axis of rotation is 23.5 degrees from the orbital plane, which is the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun. The tilt is what causes the Earth's seasons to shift.
• The Earth has only one moon.
• The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation.
• Mars appears slightly reddish and, therefore,
• it is also called the red planet.
• Mars has two small natural satellites.
• It takes 25 hours to complete a rotation.

The correct answer is Rabindranath Tagore.

Key Points

• Sir Rabindranath Tagore is the first Asian Winner of the Nobel Prize.
• He was awarded the Nobel prize in Literature in 1913.
• He is the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• Gurudev, Kobiguru, and Biswakabi were some of Tagore's nicknames.
• Tagore's Nobel Prize was stolen from the Visva-Bharati University's vault on March 25, 2004.
• He was a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a new religious organisation in nineteenth-century Bengal that aimed to resurrect the Upanishads' ultimate monistic foundation for Hinduism.
• He also established an experimental school in Shantiniketan, where he put his Upanishadic educational ideas to the test.
• Tagore was knighted by the British government in 1915, but he resigned the honour a few years later in protest of British policy in India.
• Notable works of Rabindranath Tagore are:
• Gitanjali.
• Ghare-Baire.
• Gora.
• Jana Gana Mana.

Additional Information

• C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.
• He was the first Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.
• Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
• She was honoured with the Ramon Magsaysay in 1962.
• Rajiv Gandhi was the 6th Prime Minister of India.
• He was honoured with the Bharat Ratna in 1991.

सही उत्तर मानव जाति के विकास के लिए है l

Key Points

• मानव जाति के विकास के लिए विश्व में शांति क्यों आवश्यक है।
• गद्यांशानुसार- शान्ति के अभाव में मानव जाति का विकास सम्भव नहीं। प्रत्येक राष्ट्र का स्वर्णिम-युग वही कहा जाता है जहाँ पूर्ण शांति और सुख रहा हो तथा उत्तमोत्तम रचनात्मक कार्य किए जाते हों।

Important Pointsविश्व में शांति स्थापित  करने के लिए विभिन्न समाज सुधारकों ने तन-मन -धन से मानव अधिकारों की रक्षा में न्योछावर का विश्व बंधुत्व पर विशेष बल दिया जिनमे गाँधी जी के साथ -साथ राजा राम मोहन राय, अब्राहम लिंकन, मदर टेरेसा, नेल्सन मंडेला के नाम प्रमुख हैl

सही उत्तर अहिंसा और प्रेम है।

Key Points

• गाँधीजी कहा करते थे कि प्रेम और अहिंसा के द्वारा विश्व के कठोर से कठोर हृदय को भी कोमल बनाया जा सकता है। प्रस्तुत गद्यांश के इस अंश से यह स्पष्ट है कि विश्व शांति की स्थापना के लिए सबसे आवश्यक अहिंसा और प्रेम ही है।
• अहिंसा और प्रेम की भावना से विश्व में शान्ति स्थापित करनी होगी, तभी विश्व में सुखमय एवं शांतिमय राज्य की स्थापना सम्भव होगी।

सही उत्तर अहिंसा द्वारा है।

Key Points

• गद्यांशानुसार- गाँधीजी कहा करते थे कि प्रेम और अहिंसा के द्वारा विश्व के कठोर से कठोर हृदय को भी कोमल बनाया जा सकता है।
• "यह निश्चित है कि बिना प्रेम और अहिंसा के बिना विश्व में शान्ति स्थापित नहीं हो सकती। शान्ति के अभाव में मानव जाति का विकास सम्भव नहीं।" प्रस्तुत अंश से यह स्पष्ट है कि कठोर से कठोर हृदय को भी कोमल अहिंसा द्वारा बनाया जा सकता हैl

Additional Information

• संसार का कोई भी ऐसा धर्म नहीं है जो हिंसा का उपदेश देता हो या मार्ग बताता हो।
• विश्व में जितने भी चर-अचर प्राणी हैं, उन सबमें एक दूसरे के प्रति सहयोग, आपसी भाई चारा, परस्पर सदभाव, सर्वधर्म समभाव का तत्व विराजमान है।

सही उत्तर शान्ति, सुख और रचनात्मक कार्य है। 

Key Points

• किसी भी राष्ट्र के स्वर्णिम-युग के प्रमुख तत्व हैं- शान्ति, सुख और रचनात्मक कार्य
• प्रत्येक राष्ट्र का स्वर्णिम-युग वही कहा जाता है जहाँ पूर्ण शांति और सुख रहा हो तथा उत्तमोत्तम रचनात्मक कार्य किए जाते हों।
• शान्तिकाल में ही उत्कृष्ट कला - कौशल और श्रेष्ठ साहित्य का सृजन संभव होता है, रचनात्मक कार्य किये जाते हैं।

सही उत्तर बिलकुल है। 

Key Points'नितान्त' शब्द का उपयुक्त पर्याय बिलकुल है। 

अन्य विकल्प:

• भलीभाँति का अर्थ= तरीके से
• विधिवत् का अर्थ= कानूनन
• निम्न का अर्थ=नीच, नीचे

सही उत्तर प्रकृति और प्राणिजगत का सिरमौर है। है।

Key Points

• विज्ञान मानव की सबसे बड़ी शक्ति इसलिए कही गई है क्योंकि इसके बल से मनुष्य प्रकृति और प्राणिजगत का सिरमौर है।
• गद्यांशानुसार-  आज समूचा परिवेश विज्ञानमय हो गया है। विज्ञान के चरण गृहिणी के रसोईघर से लेकर बड़ी-बड़ी प्राचीरों वाले भवनों और अट्टालिकाओं में ही दृष्टिगत नहीं होते, प्रत्युत वे स्थल और जल की सीमाओं को लाँघकर अन्तरिक्ष में भी गतिशील हैं।
• वस्तुतः विज्ञान अद्यतन मानव की सबसे बड़ी शक्ति बन गया है। इसके बल से मनुष्य प्रकृति और प्राणिजगत का शिरोमणि बन सका है।

सही उत्तर भ्रमपूर्ण रूढ़िवादी विचारणा से है।

Key Points

• वैज्ञानिक चिन्तन-पद्धति ने मनुष्य का सबसे बड़ा उपकार यह किया है कि उसे भ्रमपूर्ण रूढ़िवादी विचारणा से मुक्ति मिली है
• गद्यांशानुसार- वैज्ञानिक चिन्तन-पद्धति से मनुष्य अन्धविश्वासों और रूढ़ि-परम्पराओं से मुक्त होकर स्वस्थ एवं संतुलित ढंग से सोच-विचार कर सकता है और यथार्थ एवं सम्यक जीवन जी सकता है।
• इससे मनुष्य के मन को युगों के अन्धविश्वासों, भ्रमपूर्ण और दकियानूसी विचारों, भय और अज्ञानता से मुक्ति मिली है। विज्ञान की यह देन ' स्तुत्य है।
• मानव को चाहिए कि वह विज्ञान की इस समग्र देन को रचनात्मक कार्यों में सुनियोजित करे।

सही उत्तर यातायात एवं संचार साधनों का विकास है।

Key Points

• विश्व के परिवारवत्‌ लगने का प्रमुख कारण यातायात एवं संचार साधनों का विकास है।
• यातायात एवं संचार के साधनों के विकास से समय और स्थान की दूरियाँ बहुत कम हो गई हैं और समूचा विश्व एक परिवार-सा लगने लगा है।

Additional Information

• विज्ञान का योगदान बढ़ रहा है और नई चीजें उभर रही हैं। छोटे पिन से लेकर अंतरिक्ष यान तक, विज्ञान ने हमें अनगिनत छोटी बड़ी चीजें दी हैं।
• इनमें हीट एक्सचेंजर्स, एयर प्रेशर मीटर, विभिन्न प्रकार के कैमरे, टेलीस्कोप, माइक्रोस्कोप, टेलीप्रिंटर्स, टेलीग्राफ, माइक्रोफोन, रडार, सीस्मोग्राफ, लैक्टोमीटर, कैलिब्रेटर, कैलकुलेटर टेप, रोबोट, विभिन्न हथियार, कपड़े, खिलौने और कृषि, उद्योग और चिकित्सा में उपयोग किए जाने वाले उपकरण आदि हैं।
• अतः हम यह कह सकते हैं कि विज्ञान के बिना जीवन अपूर्ण  है।

सही उत्तर स्पष्ट और अनायास बोधगम्य है।

Key Points

• हस्तामलक' शब्द का अर्थ है - ऐसी चीज जो हाथ में रखे आवले की तरह स्पष्ट हो।
• संदर्भित पंक्ति- विज्ञान के सहयोग से मनुष्य धरती और समुद्र के अनेक रहस्य हस्तामलक करके अब अन्तरिक्ष लोक में प्रवेश कर चुका है।
• अर्थात विज्ञान के सहयोग से मनुष्य धरती और समुद्र के अनेक रहस्य को स्पष्टतः जान चुका है।

सही उत्तर स्वस्थ एवं सन्तुलित चिन्तन है।

Key Points

• 'वैज्ञानिक-चिन्तन' पदबंध से आशय स्वस्थ एवं सन्तुलित चिन्तन से है।
• वैज्ञानिक चिन्तन-पद्धति से मनुष्य अन्धविश्वासों और रूढ़ि-परम्पराओं से मुक्त होकर स्वस्थ एवं संतुलित ढंग से सोच-विचार कर सकता है और यथार्थ एवं सम्यक जीवन जी सकता है। इससे मनुष्य के मन को युगों के अन्धविश्वासों, भ्रमपूर्ण और दकियानूसी विचारों, भय और अज्ञानता से मुक्ति मिली है।
• विज्ञान की यह देन ' स्तुत्य है। मानव को चाहिए कि वह विज्ञान की इस समग्र देन को रचनात्मक कार्यों में सुनियोजित करे।

Calculation:

Student 1 marks in History/Geography = 0.65 

⇒ (65/100) 

⇒ 13/20

Student 2 marks in history than in geography = 0.85

⇒ (85/100)

⇒ 17/20

Student 3 marks in history than in geography = 0.35

⇒ (35/100)

⇒ 7/20

Student 4 marks in history than in geography =1.25

⇒ (125/100)

⇒ 5/4

Student 5 marks in history than in geography = 1.40

⇒ (140/100)

⇒ 7/5

Student 6 marks in history than in geography = 0.95

⇒ (95/100)

⇒ 19/20

Student 7 marks in history than in geography = 1.55

⇒ (155/100)

⇒ 31/20

∴  The number of students who got more marks in History than in Geography is 3

Shortcut Trick

Here, the ratio of History and Geography marks is given

So, If the Ratio is greater than 1 means Marks in History is more

If the ratio is less than 1, it means marks in geography is more

So, Ratio of History and Geography of student 4, 5, and 7 is greater than 1

∴  The number of students who got more marks in History than in Geography is 3

Calculation:

Student 1 marks in history than in geography = 0.65

⇒  (65/100)

⇒  13/20

Student 2 marks in history than in geography = 0.85

⇒ (85/100)

⇒ 17/20

Student 3 marks in history than in geography = 0.35

⇒ (35/100)

⇒ 7/20

Student 4 marks in history than in geography =1.25

⇒ (125/100)

⇒ 5/4

Student 5 marks in history than in geography = 1.40

⇒ (140/100)

⇒ 7/5

Student 6 marks in history than in geography = 0.95

⇒ (95/100)

⇒ 19/20

Student 7 marks in history than in geography = 1.55

⇒ (155/100)

⇒ 31/20

∴  Students got less marks in History than in Geography is 1, 2, 3, 6

Shortcut Trick

Here, the ratio of History and Geography marks is given

So, If the Ratio is greater than 1 means Marks in History is more

If the ratio is less than 1, it means marks in geography is more

So, Ratio of History and Geography of student 1, 2, 3 and 6 is less than 1

∴  Students who got less marks in History than in Geography is 1, 2, 3 and 6

Concept:

The graph shows the ratio of marks of History to Geography of 7 students in an examination.

⇒ 0.65 is the ratio of history and geography for student 1

i.e., 65/100 = 13/20 = 0.65

Similarly. 1.55 is the ratio of history and geography for student 7

i.e., 155/100 = 31/20 = 1.55

Similarly for each student.

Graph of Geography and History is not required.

Calculation:

The given graph shows the ratio of History and Geography not their original marks

So, Their is insufficiency of data

∴ Insufficient data

Calculation:

The maximum ratio of History/Geography = 1.55

The minimum ratio of History/Geography = 0.35

Required difference = (1.55 – 0.35)

⇒ 1.20

∴ The difference of the maximum ratio and minimum ratio of History/Geography is 1.20

Calculation:

Ratio of marks of student 4 in History and Geography = 1.25

⇒ (125/100)

⇒ 5/4

His geography marks = [(5 – 4)/4 × 60]

⇒ (1/4 × 60)

⇒ 15

Then his history marks = (5 × 15)

⇒ 75

∴ His History marks is 75

Alternate Method

Ratio of marks of student 4 in History and Geography = 1.25 = 125/100

So, If 100 = 60

Then, 125 = (60/100) × 125

⇒ 75

∴ His History marks is 75

Calculation:

Rise in 2015-16 = 53 – 51 = 2

Rise in 2016-17 = 65 – 53 = 12

Rise in 2017-18 = 76 – 65 = 11

Rise in 2019-20 = 68 – 58 = 10

Rise in 2020-21 = 73 – 68 = 5

∴ Maximum rise in production of wool with respect to previous year is in 2016-17

Calculation:

Production of last four years = (76 + 58 + 68 + 73)

⇒ 275

Production of first four years = (56 + 51 + 53 + 65)

⇒ 225

Difference in Production = (Production of last four years – Production of first four years)

⇒ (275 – 225)

⇒ 50

Required production percentage = (50/225 × 100)

⇒ 22.22 ≈ 22.2

∴ Required production percentage is 22.2

Calculation:

The total production during the eight years = (56 + 51 + 53 + 65 + 76 + 58 + 68 + 73)

⇒ 500

Average of total production = (500/8)

⇒ 62.5 

∴ Required average is 62.5 MT

Calculation:

Production of raw wool in 2013-14 = 56

Production of raw wool in 2014-15 = 51

Percentage decrease = [(56 – 51)/56] × 100

⇒ [5/56] × 100

⇒ 8.92%

The production of raw wool in 2017-18 = 76

The production of raw wool in 2018-19 = 58

Percentage decrease = [(76 – 58)/76] × 100

⇒ [18/76] × 100

⇒ 23.68% ≈ 24%

∴ The maximum percentage decrease of production over the previous year was in the year 2018-19

Calculation:

Production of raw wool in 2014-15 = 51

Production of raw wool in 2019-20 = 68

Required production of raw wool = (51/68)

⇒ 3/4

∴ Required production of raw wool is 3/4

Calculation:

Commission earned by C in 2015 = 26200

Commission earned by C in 2016 = 27800

Difference = (27800 – 26200)

⇒ 1600

Commission earned by C in 2016 = 27800

Commission earned by C in 2017 = 28200

Difference = (28200 – 27800)

⇒ 400

Commission earned by C in 2017 = 28200

Commission earned by C in 2018 = 29100

Difference = (29100 – 28200)

⇒ 900

Commission earned by C in 2018 = 29100

Commission earned by C in 2019 = 29400

Difference = (29400 – 29100)

⇒ 300

Commission earned by C in 2019 = 29400

Commission earned by C in 2020 = 30000

Difference = (30000 – 29400)

⇒ 600

∴ Commission earned by the salesman C showed the highest increase that of the preceding year is 2016

Calculation:

Commission of B in 2018 = 28000

Total commission earned by all salesmen in that year = 1,46,960

Required percentage = (28000/1,46,960) × 100

⇒ 19.05

∴  The total commission earned by all salesmen in that year is 19.05

Calculation: 

Salesman's commission of A in 2018 = 29800

Salesman's commission of A in 2015 = 27350

Difference = (29800 – 27350)

⇒ 2450

Salesman's commission of B in 2018 = 28000 

Salesman's commission of B in 2015 = 26850

Difference = (28000 – 26850)

⇒ 1150

Salesman's commission of C in 2018 = 29100 

Salesman's commission of C in 2015 = 26200

Difference = (29100 – 26200)

⇒ 2900

Salesman's commission of D in 2018 = 30060

Salesman's commission of D in 2015 = 27850

Difference = (30060 – 27850)

⇒ 2210

Salesman's commission of E in 2018 = 30000

Salesman's commission of E in 2015 = 28640

Difference = (30000 – 28640)

⇒ 1360

∴ Required highest increase is of Salesman C.

Calculation:

The highest and lowest commission earned by salesman in 2015 = (28640 – 26200)

⇒ 2440

The highest and lowest commission earned by salesman in 2016 = (30040 – 27800)

⇒ 2240

The highest and lowest commission earned by salesman in 2017 = (29800 – 25200)

⇒ 4600

The highest and lowest commission earned by salesman in 2018 = (30060 – 28000)

⇒ 2060

The highest and lowest commission earned by salesman in 2019 = (29800 – 24600)

⇒ 5200

The highest and lowest commission earned by salesman in 2020 = (32000 – 27000)

⇒ 5000

∴ The difference between highest and lowest commission earned by salesman is maximum in 2019

Calculation:

The commission earned by Salesman D in 2019 = 29800

The commission earned by Salesman A in 2019 = 24600

Required percentage = [(29800/24600)] × 100

⇒ 121.13 

∴ None of these

Given:

Number of accounts opened (in hundreds) in four share broker in various months

 

Calculation:

The month in which total accounts opened is maximum will also have the maximum average

The total number of account opened in May = (25 + 22 + 30 + 35)

⇒ 112

The total number of account opened in June = (28 + 18 + 45 + 42)

⇒ 133

The total number of account opened in July = (35 + 32 + 50 + 45)

⇒ 162

The total number of account opened in Aug = (65 + 30 + 35 + 50)

⇒ 180

The total number of account opened in Sept = (55 + 45 + 40 + 60)

⇒ 200

As we can see the total accounts opened in September is the maximum, so the average will also be maximum (Since the total number of Accounts is 4 in each month so each term will be divided by 4)

∴ The maximum average of accounts opened is in September.

Given:

Number of accounts opened (in hundreds) in four share broker in various months

 

Calculation:

The number of accounts opened in Aug = (65 + 30 + 35 + 50)

⇒ 180

The number of accounts opened in June = (28 + 18 + 45 + 42)

⇒ 133

Required percentage = [(180 – 133)/133] × 100

⇒ (47/133) × 100

⇒ 35.33

∴ Required percentage is 35.3

Given:

Number of accounts opened (in hundreds) in four share broker in various months

 

Calculation:

The number of account opened in May to Sept of Angel = (25 + 28 + 35 + 65 + 55)

⇒ 208

The number of accounts opened in May to Sept of Zerodha = (30 + 45 + 50 + 35 + 40)

⇒ 200

Required ratio = (208/200)

⇒ 1.04

∴ The ratio of the number of accounts opened in Angel to that opened in Zerodha from May to September is 1.04

Given:

Number of accounts opened (in hundreds) in four share broker in various months

 

Calculation:

Average is directly proportional to the total sum:

The greater the sum, the greater the average is:

The total number of account opened by Angel in all the month = (25 + 28 + 35 + 65 + 55)

⇒ 208

The total number of account opened by Sherkhan in all the month = (22 + 18 + 32 + 30 + 45)

⇒ 147

The total number of account opened by Zerodha in all the month = (30 + 45 + 50 + 35 + 40)

⇒ 200

The total number of account opened by Tradebull in all the month = (35 + 42 + 45 + 50 + 60)

⇒ 232

∴ The average number of accounts opened is maximum in Tradebull

Given:

Number of accounts opened (in hundreds) in four share broker in various months

 

Calculation:

To take the average is not needed as we can get the answer by total sum only.

The total number of accounts opened of Tradebull = (35 + 42 + 45 + 50 + 60)

⇒ 232

The total number of accounts opened of Sherkhan = (22 + 18 + 32 + 30 + 45)

⇒ 147

Required percentage = [(232 – 147)/147] × 100

⇒ [85/147] × 100

⇒ 57.82

∴ Required percentage is 57.82